Five hundred plant species in gunung Halimun Salak ... - CIFOR

Five hundred plant species in Gunung 

Halimun Salak National Park, West Java 

A checklist including Sundanese names, distribution and use 

Hari Priyadi 

Gen Takao 

Irma Rahmawati 

Bambang Supriyanto 

Wim Ikbal Nursal 

Ismail Rahman

Five hundred plant species in Gunung 

Halimun Salak National Park, West Java 

A checklist including Sundanese names, distribution and use 

Hari Priyadi 

Gen Takao 

Irma Rahmawati 

Bambang Supriyanto 

Wim Ikbal Nursal 

Ismail Rahman

© 2010 Center for International Forestry Research. All rights reserved. 

Printed in Indonesia 

ISBN: 978-602-8693-22-6 

Priyadi, H., Takao, G., Rahmawati, I., Supriyanto, B., Ikbal Nursal, W. and Rahman, I. 2010 Five hundred 

plant species in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java: a checklist including Sundanese names, 

distribution and use. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. 

Photo credit: Hari Priyadi 

Layout: Rahadian Danil 

CIFOR 

Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede 

Bogor Barat 16115 

Indonesia 

T +62 (251) 8622-622 

F +62 (251) 8622-100 

E cifor@cgiar.org 

www.cifor.cgiar.org 

Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) 

CIFOR advances human wellbeing, environmental conservation and equity by conducting research to 

inform policies and practices that affect forests in developing countries. CIFOR is one of 15 centres within 

the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). CIFOR’s headquarters are in Bogor, 

Indonesia. It also has offices in Asia, Africa and South America.

Contents 

Author biographies iv 

Background v 

How to use this guide vii 

Species checklist 1 

Index of Sundanese names 159 

Index of Latin names 166 

References 179 

| iii

iv | 

Author biographies 

Hari Priyadi is a research officer at CIFOR and a doctoral candidate funded by 

the Fonaso Erasmus Mundus programme of the European Union at Southern 

Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. 

His main interest is forest ecology and forest management in the tropics. 

Gen Takao is a scientist working with the Forestry and Forest Products Research 

Institute in Japan. He was seconded to CIFOR 2006–2010 during which he led 

the project ‘Sustainable Use of Diverse Forest Environmental Benefits’. His main 

interest is forest management and remote sensing technology. 

Irma Rahmawati is a consultant at CIFOR working with the project 

‘Sustainable Use of Diverse Forest Environmental Benefits’. She is a forester 

interested in forest ecology and silviculture. 

Bambang Supriyanto is Head of Environmental Services and Ecotourism at the 

Ministry of Forestry in Indonesia. He is the former head of Gunung Halimun 

Salak National Park, West Java. His main interest is forest conservation and 

environmental services. 

Wim Ikbal Nursal is a research assistant at CIFOR working on the project 

‘Sustainable Use of Diverse Forest Environmental Benefits’. His main interests 

areforest conservation and remote sensing and its application. 

Ismail Rahman is a herbarium technician based at the Herbarium Bogoriense 

at the Biology Research Centre in Cibinong, Bogor. He has considerable 

experience collecting and identifying plants in the forests of Indonesia.

Background 

This book is a product of the ‘Sustainable Utilisation of Diverse Forest 

Environmental Benefits’ project. We conducted fieldwork at several sites 

in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP) from 2007-2009. 

Geographically, the park lies between 106º 12’ 58’’ E – 106º 45’ 50’’ E and 06º 

32’ 14’’ S - 06º 55’ 12’’ S, (see Figure 1) and is located in three administrative 

districts: Bogor and Sukabumi in West Java and Lebak in the province of Banten. 

According to GHSNP internal reports, more than 700 species of flowering plants, 

belonging to 390 genera and 119 families, have been found in the park’s natural 

forest. Plantation forests in the park were originally production forests managed 

by a state-owned company, but are now managed by the park authority. We made 

three visits to different areas including Gunung Halimun, Gunung Salak and 

the park’s buffer zone, and collected data from 990 trees. The aim of this guide 

is to provide succinct information on the park’s forest species, and to highlight 

their Sundanese vernacular names as an entry point. Initially, we recorded 142 

species from 54 families, but after further consideration decided to add more 

species important to the area, such as commercial timber species, fruits trees and 

medicinal plants. In total, 500 species were included. 

Information given on each species comprises its Sundanese name, scientific name, 

family, vernacular name and geographical distribution. In most cases, the species’ 

uses are also listed. 

We would like to extend our thanks to all those in the GHSNP office, particularly 

Ruky Umaya, Wardi Septiana and Mumu for their dedication and collaboration 

in field surveys throughout the project. We are also very grateful to scientists from 

the Biological Research Centre in the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) 

for their comments and reviews, including thoughts from Prof. Eiji Suzuki of 

Kagoshima University. 

We also wish to thank Dr Kuswata Kartawinata, Dr Robert Nasi and Dr Yves 

Laumonier for their advice on the early drafts. We would particularly like to 

thank Gideon Suharyanto, Edith Johnson, Catur Wahyu and Eko Prianto from 

CIFOR’s Communications Unit for all their help during the publication process. 

| v

vi | 

Gunung Halimun Salak National Park 

Figure 1. Map of GHSNP

How to use this guide 

Entries in this checklist contain the following information. Please note some of 

the information is unavailable for certain species. 

List number 

Latin name 

Family 

Numbers refer to 

the list of references 

Sundanese name Author 

25. BABADOTAN 

Ageratum conyzoides L. (Blume) Harms 

Compositae 

Vernacular names: goatweed (Eng.); Javanese: wedusan; 

Madurese: dus-bedusan; Malaysia: tahi anjing, rumput pereh 

jarang, rumput sekedok; the Philippines: bulak manok, singilan, 

bahug-bahug; Thailand: thiam mae hang, saapraeng saapkaa 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Indochina, 

southern China, Thailand and Malesia. 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for fevers and 

leaves for trachoma, cuts, stomach ache and coughs 

Life form and origin: herb, exotic plant, weed 

References: 4 

| vii

Species checklist 

1. ALPUKET 

Persea americana Miller 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: avocado (Eng.); Malaysia: avocado, apukado; 

the Philippines: avocado; Thailand: awokado 

Geographical distribution: Central America and Southeast Asia (Indonesia, 

the Philippines) 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; young leaves for hair treatment, edible fruit 

Life form and origin: tree, exotic plant, cultivated, from Central America 

References: 24, 31 

2. AMIS MATA 

Ficus montana Burm.f. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: uyah-uyahan; Sumatra: periyeh; 

Malaysia: kesinan; Thailand: duea din, maduea hin 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia (Java, 

Sumatra and Kalimantan) 

Uses: used in traditional medicine 

Life form and origin: shrub, indigenous plant 


3. ANDAWALI 

Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson 

Menispermaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: brotowali, putrowali; Malaysia: akar 

putarwali, petawali, daun akar wali; the Philippines: makabuhay, meliburigan, 

paliaban, panyawan vine; Thailand: boraphet. 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, 

southern China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (Java, 

Sumbawa) and the Philippines. 

Uses: used in traditional medicine (for fevers) 

Life form and origin: liana, indigenous plant 


| 1

2 | Five hundred plant species in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java 

4. ANGSANA 

Pterocarpus indicus Willd. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: red sandalwood, amboynas (Eng.); Indonesian: 

sonokembang; Brunei: angsana; Malaysia: angsana, sena; the Philippines: apalit, 

vitali; Myanmar: sena, padouk, ansanah; Thailand: pradu, pradu-ban, sano 

Geographical distribution: the Malesian region 

Uses: construction, furniture, interior finishing, panelling, musical instruments, 

high grade cabinet work, high class interior joinery, billiard tables, agricultural 

implements, tool handles and for medicinal purposes: leaves boiled for treating 

chancres and abdominalgia and as a hair tonic; gum for treating diarrhoea, 

toothache, aphtha. 

Life form and origin: tree, exotic plant, cultivated 


5. ANTANAN GEDE 

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. 

Apiaceae 

Vernacular names: Asiatic pennywort, Indian pennywort, gotu-cola (Eng.); 

Indonesian: pegagan, daun kaki kuda; Brunei: pegaga; Malaysia: pegaga; the 

Philippines: takip-kohol, tapingan-daga, hahang-halo; Singapore: pegaga, 

Myanmar: min-kuabin; Thailand: bua bok, pa-na-e khaa-doh, phak waen 

Geographical distribution: Southeast Asia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots for treating stomach aches 

Life form and origin: herb, indigenous plant 


6. AREN – KAWUNG 

Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. 

Arecaceae 

Vernacular names: aren, enau, suikerpalm (Dutch), sugar palm (Eng.) 

Geographical distribution: from India to southern China, Taiwan and the 

Ryukyu Islands, and throughout the Malesian region to northern Australia 

Uses: stem for food. Used in traditional medicine; roots as a, petioles as a 

haemostatic, cicatrizant and diuretic 

Life form and origin: palm tree, indigenous plant 

References: 11, 24

7. AREUY BEURIT 

Species checklist | 3 

Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz 

Malpighiaceae 

Vernacular names: hiptage (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: jaranan, kakas; 

Thailand: noraa, haen pik, kamlang chang phuek 

Geographical distribution: India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, southern 

China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, 

Borneo, Sulawesi and the Philippines 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots as a stimulant and leaves for treating 

dermatosis 



8. AREUY CARAYUN 

Merremia peltata (L.) Merr. 

Convolvulaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Ambon: hailale; Ternate: kuge; Malaysia: akar 

ulan, akar ulan gajah; the Philippines: bulakan, budakin, tampinita; Thailand: 

yaan len, en luen 




9. AREUY CARULANG – CARULANG 

Spatholobus ferrugineus (Zollinger & Moritzi) Benth. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: South Sumatra: akar sarikan lanang; West Java: 

areuy ki sambangan; East Kalimantan (Kenyah Dayak): aka kelesi; Malaysia: 

akar sejangat, akar skuet, akar gueh; Thailand: chaang haek 

Geographical distribution: from southern Thailand through Peninsular 

Malaysia to Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Sulawesi 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; used to treat menstrual disorders, coughs, 

fevers, stomach aches, colic, postnatal treatment; stem used for rope 


References: 8, 11


10. AREUY GEUREUNG – AREUY KIDANG 

Pericampylus glaucus Merr. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: lawatan kebo, the Moluccas: daun 

bisul; Malaysia: andur nasi, ulan tapak pelandok; the Philippines: kalamitmit, 

bangbangau, kamokamotihan; Thailand: chingcho khaao, thao dok baan tuum, en 

Geographical distribution: from tropical East Africa, India, Sri Lanka 

eastwards to China, Indochina, Thailand and southwards through Malesia to 

northern Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used as a purgative for haematuria and 

leaves for combustion, dermatosis 



11. AREUY HARENDONG – HARENDONG 

Macrolenes muscosa (Blume) Bakh.f. 

Melastomataceae 

Vernacular names: Malaysia: akar senduduk . 

Geographical distribution: Indonesia (Java) 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; gum for conjunctivitis, dysentery. 

Edible fruit 



12. AREUY JOTANG BODAS 

Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth 


Vernacular names: blue morning glory (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: teleng; 

the Philippines: bulakan, kamokamotihan; Thailand: waan tam khoei, waan 

phak bung. 

Geographical distribution: Southeast Asia but not found on Borneo 



References: 30

13. AREUY KAWOYANG 


Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: ginda purang utang; Madurese: dewulu; 

Malaysia: akar lulang bulu, ulan raya; the Philippines: lakmit, kalalakmit; Thailand: 

ching chaw 

Geographical distribution: from India, the Andaman Islands and Sri Lanka to 

Indochina and throughout Malesia 



References: 30 

14. AREUY KI LAMPAHAN 

Agalmyla parasitica (Lamk) O.K. 

Gesneriaceae 


Life form and origin: epiphytic herb, indigenous plant 

References: 8 

15. AREUY KUPU-KUPU 

Phanera fulva (Blume ex Korth.) Bth. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: kupu-kupu 

Geographical distribution: Java, Borneo and Sumatra 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; root for treating fevers, diarrhoea and coughs 



16. AREUY LOLO 

Anadendrum microstachyum (Miq.) Backer & Alderw. 

Araceae 

Vernacular names: Malaysia: akar meroyan sembang, akar segunja, daun ketam; 

Thailand: krak, khieo hua duan, thao thakhaap 

Geographical distribution: Indochina, southern China, southern Myanmar, 

Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi and the Philippines 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; stem for treating chancres 

Life form and origin: creeping herb, indigenous plant 

References: 8, 11


17. AREUY MAUNG – MACAN TANDANG 

Dracaena angustifolia Roxburgh 

Liliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: suji, hanjuang merak; Javanese: semar; Ambon: 

pendusta utan; the Philippines: malasambal, taligbuhuk, pasiu; Thailand: khon 

maa khaao, phak kon maa, phraao phan lam 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Indochina, southern China, 

Thailand, Java, the Philippines, Sulawesi, the Moluccas, New Guinea and 

northern Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; root for treating stomach aches, antidote and 

leaves for dysentery, leucorrhea, gonorrhoea 

Life form and origin: shrub, exotic plant, cultivated 


18. AREUY PARI 

Schefflera aromatica (Blume) Harms 

Araliaceae 

Vernacular names: jangkorang, ki kunci, panggang puyuh, ramo giling 

and cerem 

Geographical distribution: the tropics and subtropics 




19. AREUY SILAYARAN – KALAYARAN 

Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour . 

Cucurbitaceae 

Vernacular names: Thailand: kradueng chang phueak, kheekaa khom, 

matuum kaa 

Geographical distribution: Indochina, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, 

Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; stem for treating earaches 


References: 3, 8

20. AREUY WAREJIT 

Ficus punctata Thunberg 

Moraceae 



References: 8 


21. ASAM JAWA 

Tamarindus indica L. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: tamarind, Indian tamarind (Eng.); Indonesian: asam, asam 

Jawa, tambaring; Malaysia: asam Jawa, the Philippines: sampalok, kalamagi, 

salomagi; Thailand: makham, bakham, somkham 

Geographical distribution: all tropical countries 

Uses: for seasoning soupy fish and meat dishes. Also used in traditional medicine 

Life form and origin: tree, exotic plant, originally from equatorial Africa 


22. ASAM KERANJI – KERANJI 

Dialium indum L. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: guayamochil, Manila tamarind, sweet inga (Eng.); 

Indonesian: asam Belanda; Javanese: asam Londo; Malaysia: asam kranji, asam 

Tjina; the Philippines: kamtsile, kamanchilis, damortis; Myanmar: kway-tanyeng; 

Thailand: makham-thet, makham-khong 

Geographical distribution: from Central America, introduced to Indonesia by 

Portuguese traders 

Uses: timber for construction, edible fruit, used in traditional medicine 

Life form and origin: tree, indigenous plant 


23. AWI TALI 

Gigantochloa apus (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kurz 

Poaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: bambu tali; Javanese: pring tali, pring apus 

Geographical distribution: South Sumatra, Central Sulawesi, Central 

Kalimantan, Java


Uses: for making cooking utensils, fishing equipment, furniture, rope or string 

and in basketry. Also used in traditional medicine 

Life form and origin: bamboo, exotic plant, cultivated 


24. AWI TEMEN 

Gigantochloa verticillata (Willd.) Munro 

Poaceae 

Vernacular names: awi andong, awi gombong; Indonesian: bamboo ater; 

Javanese: pring legi; Madurese: pereng keles; eastern Indonesia: buluh Jawa; 

the Philippines: kayali 

Geographical distribution: Java, the Philippines, Brunei, Peninsular Malaysia 

Uses: for furniture, beds, cooking utensils, meat skewers, chopsticks, toothpicks 

and handicrafts. Used in traditional medicine. Shoots for food and stem for 

construction 

Life form and origin: bamboo, exotic plant, cultivated 


25. BABADOTAN 

Ageratum conyzoides L. 

Asteraceae 

Vernacular names: goatweed (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: wedusan; Madurese: 

dus-bedusan; Malaysia: tahi anjing, rumput pereh jarang, rumput sekedok; the 

Philippines: bulak manok, singilan, bahug-bahug; Thailand: thiam mae hang, 

saapraeng saapkaa 


Thailand and Malesia. 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for fevers and leaves for trachoma, 

cuts, stomach ache and coughs 

Life form and origin: herb, exotic plant, weed 

References: 3 

26. BABANJARAN 

Eupatorium inulifolium H.B.K. 

Asteraceae 


Life form and origin: herb, weed 

References: 8

27. BABAWANGAN 


Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl 

Cyperaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: adas-adasan; Sumbawa: porih pae; 

Malaysia: rumput tahi kerbau, rumput kurau, rumput keladi; the Philippines: 

agor, sirau-sirau, sirisibuyas; Thailand: yaa rat khiat, yaa nuat plaa duk 

Geographical distribution: China and Japan throughout the Malesian region 


Life form and origin: herb, wild 


28. BACANG – LIMUS 

Mangifera foetida Lour. 

Anacardiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: membacang, bacang; Javanese: limus; 

Kalimantan: asem hambawang 

Geographical distribution: Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Moluccas and the 

Lesser Sunda islands 

Uses: for light indoor construction, temporary construction and plywood. 

Edible fruit 



29. BALINGBING – CALINGCING AMIS 

Averrhoa carambola L. 

Oxalidaceae 

Vernacular names: star fruit (Eng.); Indonesia-Malaysia: belimbing manis; the 

Philippines: balimbing; Thailand: ma fueang 

Geographical distribution: originally from Brazil 

Uses: fruit can be eaten fresh or made into juice. Used in traditional medicine: 

roots used as an antidote, leaves for treating ringworm and headaches, and fruit 

as an antiemetic and for treating leucoderma and fevers 


References: 24, 31


30. BALINGBING WULUH – CALINGCING 

Averrhoa bilimbi L. 

Oxalidaceae 

Vernacular names: bilimbi, cucumber tree (Eng.); Indonesia-Malaysia: 

belimbing asam, blimbing wuluh, belimbing buluk; the Philippines: kamias, 

iba; Thailand: taling pling 

Geographical distribution: originally from Brazil 

Uses: as a vegetable and used in traditional medicine; leaves for fevers and 

intestinal problems and fruit for coughs and aphthae 



31. BALSA 

Ochroma lagopus Swartz 

Bombaceae 

Vernacular names: trade name: balsa 

Geographical distribution: the Philippines, Malaysia, Java and Papua New 

Guinea 

Uses: for buoys, lifejackets, lifebelts, surf boards, aircraft construction, toys, 

model making, packaging of fragile articles, and as insulation 

Life form and origin: tree, exotic plant, cultivated, originally from tropical 

America 


32. BALUNTAS 

Pluchea indica (L.) Less. 

Asteraceae 

Vernacular names: Indian (marsh) fleabane, Indian pluchea (Eng.); Indonesian: 

beluntas; Javanese: luntas; Malaysia: beluntas, beluntas paya; the Philippines: 

kalapini, banig-banig; Thailand: khlu, nuat ngua, naat wua 

Geographical distribution: from India to southern China, throughout 

Indochina, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots for treating fevers, leaves for fevers, 

heuropathy, menstrual disorders and as a deodorant, seeds for haematuria 


References: 30

33. BAREUBEUY 


Helicia serrata (R. Br.) Blume 

Proteaceae 

Vernacular names: Malaysia: kayu sippur, kayu sippur gadung, kayu ki 

hondung 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the 

Moluccas (Ambon) 

Uses: for superior joinery, high-class furniture, cabinet work, interior finishing, 

flooring, house construction and as a mine timber. Used in traditional medicine; 

roots used to treat toothache 



34. BAROS 

Magnolia macklottii (Korth.) Dandy 

Magnoliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: cempaka gunung, kalastori, manglid 

baros; Sumatra: cempaka rimbo, Sundanese : gempol 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, West Java and Borneo 

Uses: timber for construction, bridge building, interior finishing, partitioning, 

flooring, and door and window frames. Flowers used for perfume and leaves for 

treating fevers 



35. BARUNDAY 

Crateva religiosa Forst.f. 

Capparaceae 

Vernacular names: sacred barma (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: jaranan; Sumatra: 

sibaluak; Malaysia: kepayan, kemantu, dangla; the Philippines: salingbobog, 

balai-lamok, banugan; Thailand: kum-bok, kum nam 

Geographical distribution: from India throughout South and Southeast Asia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; flowers used as a stomachic, leaves for 

dysentery, headaches and stomach aches 


References: 30


36. BAYUR 

Pterospermum javanicum Jungh. 

Sterculiaceae 

Vernacular names: Malaysia: bayor, litak; the Philippines: bayok 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Indochina, southern China, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Lesser Sunda Islands and the Moluccas 

Uses: for joinery, flooring, furniture, cladding, tool handles, plywood, and for 

ship and bridge building. Used in traditional medicine; bark used for treating 

abdominalgia, dysentery and toothaches, and as a hemostyptic 



37. BEBERETEAN 

Rubus rosaefolius J.E. Smith 

Rosaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: ujen-ujen; Madurese: gharunggung; the 

Philippines: sagmit, sapinit, init 

Geographical distribution: India, Indochina, Taiwan, the Philippines, Borneo, 

Indonesia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine with edible fruit 

Life form and origin: liana, indigenous plant, wild 


38. BEBESARAN 

Morus alba L. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: white mulberry (Eng.); Indonesian: murbei; Javanese: 

bebesaran Lampung; the Philippines: amingit, amoras; Myanmar: posa; 

Thailand: mon 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Indochina, China, Japan and Java 

Uses: for furniture, cabinet work, beams, posts, flooring, bridge building. 

Used in traditional medicine; roots used to treat gonorrhoea, haematuria, 

toothaches and menstrual disorders, leaves for fevers, diabetes and gonorrhoea. 

Fruit for food 

Life form and origin: tree, exotic plant, cultivated, native to Europe and 

North America 

References: 24, 27

39. BEGONIA 

Begonia robusta Blume 

Begoniaceae 





40. BELEKETEBE 

Sloanea sigun (Blume) K. Schum. 

Elaeocarpaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: bulu nunggul, pohon beleketebe, 

tebe, ki somang; Javanese: landakan; Batak (Sumatra): si bala kayu; Thailand: 

ko rian, ngoh pa, sati ton 

Geographical distribution: India, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, 

Java and Borneo . 

Uses: for general construction, interior trim, flooring, furniture, cabinet work, 

joinery, mouldings, packing boxes and toys 



41. BEMBEM – KAWENI 

Mangifera odorata Griff. 

Anacardiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: kebembem, keweni; kuwini (Eng.); Sumatra, 

Kalimantan: kuweni or kweni; Malaysia: kuini, huani, wani; the Philippines: 

huani, uani, juani; Thailand: kinning, mamuang chingreet, mamuang paa 

Geographical distribution: Borneo, Sumatra and Java, Peninsular Thailand, 

South Sulawesi, the Philippines. 

Uses: fruit can be eaten fresh or made into juice. Used in traditional medicine; 

bark used to treat epilepsy 



42. BENCOY 

Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Mull. Arg. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: kapundung, menteng; Malaysia: jinteh merah, 

kapundung, menteng


Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java 

and Borneo 

Uses: timber for poles in traditional house construction, boat building, 

furniture, and packing crates. Edible fruit 



43. BENGANG 

Neesia altissima (Blume) Blume 

Bombacaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: ki bengang; Sumatra: si bengang; 

Malaysia: ben(g)gang, apa-apa, punggai, durian monyit; Thailand: chang baek 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, 

Java, Borneo 

Uses: for light construction, door and window frames, cheap furniture and 

fittings, flooring, planking, wooden shoes, floats, low grade coffins and plywood. 

Used in traditional medicine; leaves used for treating gonorrhoea and fruit for 

dysuria, gonorrhoea 



44. BEUNYING 

Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: common yellow stem-fig (Eng.); Indonesia: Kalimantan: 

kujanjing; Javanese: wilada; Malaysia: ara serapat, kelampong bukit; the 

Philippines: tibig; Thailand: ching, ching khao, maduea plong 

Geographical distribution: from India (Assam), Myanmar, Indochina, 

southern China, Taiwan, Thailand and the Nicobar Islands to Peninsular 

Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines and the Lesser 

Sunda Islands 

Uses: for temporary construction, mouldings, interior work, cladding, drawers, 

laundry tubs, fruit crates, floats and firewood. Also used in traditional medicine; 

roots for postnatal treatment, leaves as a narcotic, food 


References: 8, 27

45. BINGBIN 

Pinanga coronata (Blume ex Martelli) Blume 

Arecaceae 

Geographical distribution: Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi 





46. BINONG 

Tetrameles nudiflora R. Br. 

Datiscaceae 

Vernacular names: binung (trade name), tetrameles (Eng.); Indonesia: Sumatra: 

kayu tabu; Javanese: winong; Malaysia: mengkudor; Myanmar: baing, sawbya; 

Thailand: bueng, ka phong, som phong 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Indochina, southern China, Thailand, 

Sumatra, Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for temporary construction, panelling, partitioning, cheap planking, 

weatherboard, mouldings, packing crates, tea chests, matchboxes. Used in 

traditional medicine; bark used as a laxative, diuretic, and to treat rheumatism 

and oedema 



47. BINTANGUR – SULATRI 

Calophyllum soulattri Burm.f. 

Clusiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: bintangur, bintol, mentangur, penaga; 

Javanese: bunut, nyamplung, sulatri, punaga; Kalimantan: bataoh, bentangur, 

butoo, jampelung, jinjit, mahadingan, maharunuk; Sulawesi: betau, bintula, 

dinggale, pude, wetai; the Moluccas: balitoko, bintao, bitaur; Malaysia: 

bintangor labu, bintangor lanchar, mintak; the Philippines: bitanghol-sibat, 

pamintaogon, gigabit; Thailand: tanghon baiyai 

Geographical distribution: Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, the Moluccas 

Uses: timber is used for masts, spars and house construction. Also used in 

traditional medicine; roots and leaves used to treat rheumatism, seeds for 

rheumatism, scabies and as a hair tonic 


References: 9, 11, 24, 26


48. BINTAOS LAUT 

Wrightia javanica A. DC. 

Apocynaceae 

Vernacular names: ludai (trade name); milky mangrove (Eng.); Indonesia: 

Bali: menengan; Javanese: penggung; Malaysia: ludai, bebuta, buta-buta; the 

Philippines: buta-buta; Thailand: tatum; Vietnam: gia 

Geographical distribution: from India and Sri Lanka to Indochina, southern 

China, Taiwan, Thailand, throughout the Malesian region, northern Australia 

and the Pacific Islands 

Uses: for utility furniture, interior finishing, mouldings, canoes, packing cases, 

toys and matchsticks 



49. BISBUL 

Diospyros discolor Willd. 

Ebenaceae 

Vernacular names: mabolo, velvet apple (Eng.); Indonesian: buah mentega, 

bisbul, mabolo; Malaysia: buah lemak, buah mentega; the Philippines: mabolo, 

kamagong, tabang; Thailand: marit 

Geographical distribution: tropical countries 

Uses: main product is fruit, but wood is also used for handicrafts 



50. BOBONDELAN 

Cassia fistula L. 

Papilionaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: boking-boking; Javanese: trengguli; 

Malaysia: bebusok, busok-busok; the Philippines: antsoan; Thailand: 

chaiyaphruk, kalapaphruk, kalaphruk 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Indochina, Thailand and the 

Malesian region 

Uses: for construction, furniture and cabinet making. 

Used in traditional medicine; roots used as a laxative and for treating fevers, 

leaves used to treat ringworm and flowers for fevers




51. BOBONTENGAN 

Melothria maderaspatana (L.) Cogn. 

Cucurbitaceae 

Vernacular names: the Philippines: melon-gubat; Thailand: taneng nuu 

Geographical distribution: throughout tropical Africa, the Indian Ocean 

Islands, tropical and subtropical Asia and tropical Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used as an antidote for stomach aches 

Life form and origin: creeping herb, indigenous plant 


52. BUBUAY 

Plectocomia elongata Martelli ex Blume 

Arecaceae 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; liquid from stems for fevers, cuts, 

combustion. Fruit is edible 

Life form and origin: climbing palm, indigenous plant 

References: 8 

53. BULANG – BUNGBULANG 

Premna tomentosa Willd. 

Verbenaceae 

Vernacular names: bastard teak (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: bulang, gembulang; 

Sumatra: leban capo, bebulang handak; Malaysia: bebuas, sarang burong, 

tembaroh; Myanmar: kyunbo, kyunnalin, nathabyu; Thailand: po fan, sak ke 

kai, kapiat, saam pang, sak khe khwai 

Geographical distribution: Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, 

Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for construction, house building, household implements, agricultural 

implements. Also used in traditional medicine; roots and leaves for postnatal 

treatment and stomach aches, bark for diarrhoea 


References: 3, 27


54. BUNGUR 

Lagerstroemia ovalifolia Teijsm. & Binnend. 

Synonyms Macrolenes muscosa (Blume) Bakh.f. 

Lythraceae 

Vernacular names: pahang bungor (Eng.); Malaysia: bungor balong, bungor 

melukut; Thailand: tabaek dong 


Sumatra, Java 

Uses: for medium heavy construction (door and window frames), bridge and 

wharf building, boat building, railway sleepers, panelling, flooring, joinery, 

agriculture implements, boxes, tool handles and sporting goods. Used in 

traditional medicine; bark for diarrhoea, leaves for malaria, dermatosis 



55. BURAHOL 

Stelechocarpus burahol (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson 

Annonaceae 

Vernacular names: kepel (Eng.); Indonesian: kepel; Javanese: kecindul 

Geographical distribution: from Southeast Asia throughout Malesia, the 

Philippines, Java 

Uses: ripe fruit is eaten fresh and wood is used for household articles, house 

building 



56. BURUNDUL – COROGEL MONYET 

Xerospermum noronhianum (Blume) Blume 

Sapindaceae 

Vernacular names: Malaysia: geresek hitam, gigi buntal, rambutan pachet; 

Thailand: kho laen, kho hia, laen ban 


Sumatra, Java and Borneo 

Uses: for construction, carts, mills, rice pounders, firewood 


References: 24, 27

57. CACABEAN 


Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P. H. Raven 

Onagraceae 

Vernacular names: willow herb, primrose willow (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: 

salah nyowo; Malaysia: buyang samalam, lakom ayer, pujang malam; the 

Philippines: tayilakton, talangkau, pachar pachar; Thailand: thian nam, yaa raknaa 

Geographical distribution: pantropical – 32 o N to 30 o S 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; diarrhoea 



58. CALIK ANGIN 

Mallotus paniculatus (Lmk) Muell. Arg. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: balik angin, bungulang peucang; 

Javanese: katimuru 

Geographical distribution: Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi and the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for temporary construction (poles), matchsticks, wooden shoes, packing 

cases, disposable chopsticks. Used in traditional medicine 



59. CALILING 

Ficus magnoliaefolia Blume 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: kopeng; Kalimantan: mara gatal; 

the Philippines: kanapai 

Geographical distribution: the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines and Sulawesi 

Uses: for temporary construction, mouldings, interior work, fruits crates 

and firewood 


References: 27


60. CALINGCING – CACALINGCINGAN 

Oxalis corniculata L. 

Oxalidaceae 

Vernacular names: Indian sorrel, creeping wood-sorrel, procumbent yellow 

sorrel (Eng.); Indonesia: Sumatra: daun asem kecil; Javanese: semangnen; 

Malaysia: sikap dada; the Philippines: taingan-daga, marasiksik, daraisig; 

Singapore: sikap dada; Thailand: phak waen, som sangka, som din 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves use for treating stomach aches, 

coughs, anorexia and tonsillitis 



61. CAMPAKA LEUWEUNG 

Michelia montana Blume 

Magnoliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: cempaka hutan; Javanese: cempaka 

jahe; Sabah: cempaka hutan 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Bali 

Uses: for light construction, bridge building, flooring, door panels, packing cases 

Life form and origin: small tree, indigenous plant 


62. CAMPEDAK 

Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: chempedak (Eng.); Indonesian: cempedak; Malaysia: 

chempedak, bangkong, baroh; Myanmar: sonekadat; Thailand: champada 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, the Moluccas, Papua and western Java 

Uses: main product is fruit, eaten fresh or cooked 


References: 24, 31

63. CANAR 

Smilax macrocarpa Blume 

Smilacaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: canar bokor, canar gede, canar 

gengge, canar minyak 

Geographical distribution: Indonesia, Java 

Uses: edible fruit 


References: 3 


64. CANAR BOKOR 

Smilax leucophylla Blume 

Smilacaceae 

Vernacular names: canar gede, canar minyak; the Philippines: sarsaparillangputi, 

banag, kaguno; Papua New Guinea: wanabekira 


Philippines to New Guinea and northern Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots and leaves used for treating chancres 


References: 3 

65. CANGCARATAN 

Neonauclea lanceolata (Blume) Merr. 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: trade name: bangkal; Malaysia: lenggaung, mengkal; the 

Philippines: kalamansanai, hambabalud 


Thailand, throughout the Malesian region, Solomon Islands, Melanesia, 

Micronesia and northern Australia 

Uses: for construction, bridge building, window sills, flooring, boat building, 

joinery, furniture, cabinet work, poles, posts, piles, cross arms, turnery, 

implements and packaging 


References: 27


66. CANGKOREH 

Dinochloa scandens (Blume ex Nees) O. Kuntze 

Poaceae 

Geographical distribution: from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, southern 

Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra to the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: locally for making rough baskets to carry stones from rivers. Stems used 

for making handicrafts. Used in traditional medicine; liquid from stems used to 

treat conjunctivitis and as an anti-inflammatory 

Life form and origin: climbing bamboo, indigenous plant 


67. CANGKRING – DADAP CANGKRING 

Erythrina fusca Loureiro 

Papilionaceae 

Vernacular names: purple coral-tree, coral bean, swamp immortelle (Eng.); 

Indonesia: Javanese: cangkring; Sulawesi: rase, kane; Malaysia: dedap, dadap; the 

Philippines: anii, korung-korung; Thailand: thonglang nam, thonglong 

Geographical distribution: Asia and the Pacific Islands 

Uses: for fodder, and also used in traditional medicine; bark and roots use to 

treat beriberi, wood for gonorrhoea 


References: 6, 27, 30 

68. CANGKUANG 

Pandanus furcatus Roxburgh 

Pandanaceae 

Geographical distribution: Africa, Madagascar, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, 

Myanmar, Indochina, southern China, Taiwan, Japan, Thailand, throughout the 

Malesian region, Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; shoots used as an antidote for dysentery and 

diarrhoea, leaves used to make handicrafts 

Life form and origin: pandan tree, indigenous plant 

References: 8, 11

69. CANGKUDU 


Morinda citrifolia L. 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indian mulberry (Eng.); Indonesian: mengkudu; Javanese: 

pace; Malaysia: mengkudu besar, mengkudu jantan; the Philippines: bankoro, 

tumbong-aso, apatot; Myanmar: al; Thailand: yo baan, mataa-suea, yae-yai 

Geographical distribution: tropical Asia and tropical Australia 

Uses: wood for poles and fuel. Used in traditional medicine; bark and fruit 

used to treat dysentery, coughs, cardiodynia, and leaves for colic, tonsillitis and 

diabetes, fruit for malaria, cholecystitis, hypertension and as an anthelmintic 

Life form and origin: tree, exotic plant 


70. CARIANG 

Schismatologlottis rupestris Zollinger & Moritzi 

Araceae 



References: 8 

71. CARINGIN 

Ficus benjamina L. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: golden fig (Eng.); Indonesia: beringin (common); Javanese: 

waringin; Malaysia: beringin, waringin; the Philippines: salising-haong, salisi; 

Thailand: sai yoi bai laem 

Geographical distribution: from India to Myanmar, Indochina, Thailand, 

throughout the Malesian region 


small domestic articles, fruit crates, firewood 


References: 24, 27


72. CAU KOLE 

Musa acuminata Colla 

Musaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: pisang hutan; Javanese: gedang karet, gedang kele 

Geographical distribution: Indonesia (Java, Sumatra and Borneo) 

Uses: leaves used as packing, can be eaten as a vegetable 

Life form and origin: wild banana, indigenous plant 


73. CEMARA 

Cassuarina junghuhniana Miq. 

Casuarinaceae 

Vernacular names: agoho (trade name); casuarina (Eng.); Indonesian: cemara 

(common); Malaysia: aru, ru; the Philippines: agoho; Thailand: son 

Geographical distribution: Indochina, Thailand and throughout the 


Uses: for house building, tool handles, cartwheels 



74. CENGKEH 

Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry 

Myrtaceae 

Vernacular names: cengkih, clove tree (Eng.) 

Geographical distribution: the African and Asian tropics 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves for treating beriberi, abdominalgia 

and impotence, flowers for colds, coughs and conjunctivitis 



75. CENTE 

Lantana camara L. 

Asteraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: bunga pagar, kayu Singapore, tahi ayam; sage, 

wild sage (Eng.); Javanese: kembang telek, tembelekan; Malaysia: bunga tahi 

ayam, jebat harimau; the Philippines: koronitas, kantutay, baho-baho; Thailand: 

kaam kung, khee kae, yeesun


Geographical distribution: throughout the tropics and subtropics 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots for treating gonorrhoea, syphilis and 

as a depurative, leaves boiled to produce an antiemetic and to treat swellings, 

rheumatism, coughs and colic, and for postnatal treatment 

Life form and origin: shrub, exotic plant, weed 


76. CEREM 

Macropanax dispermus (Blume) O.K. 

Aralliaceae 

Vernacular names: panggang puju, panggang serem; Sundanese: panggang siju, 

ramo gencel; Javanese: pangpung, sahang tanganan; Madurese: konjingal 

Geographical distribution: Malesia: widespread on Java in montane forests 

down to an altitude of 400m ASL 

Uses: for house construction 


77. CEREMAI 

Eugenia uniflora L. 

Myrtaceae 

Vernacular names: Brazil cherry, Suriname cherry, pitanga (Eng.); Indonesian: 

ceremai Belanda, dewandaru; Malaysia: ceremai Belanda; Thailand: 

mayom-farang 

Geographical distribution: Java, Peninsular Malaysia and the Philippines 

Uses: fruit used for making jam, jelly, relish or pickles 



78. CERLANG 

Pterospermum diversifolium Blume 

Sterculiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: balang; Sumatra: balangkoras; Malaysia: 

bayur jantan; the Philippines: bayok; Thailand: champa thet, sa la pang, yu 

Geographical distribution: India, Vietnam, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, 

Sumatra, Java and the Philippines 

Uses: for joinery, flooring, furniture, cladding, plywood, ship and bridge building 


References: 27


79. CEURI 

Garcinia parvifolia (Miquel) Miquel 

Cluciaceae 

Vernacular names: kandis, wild yellow kandis (Eng.); Malaysia: kandis burung, 

kedui, sempat tebu 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra 

and Borneo 

Uses: temporary timber for construction, fruit for food. Also used in traditional 

medicine 



80. CICENDETAN – CECENETAN 

Physalis angulata L. 

Solanaceae 

Vernacular names: gooseberry, hogweed, balloon cherry (Eng.); Indonesia: 

Javanese: ceplukan; the Moluccas: daun kopo-kopi; Malaysia: leletup, chipluan, 

ubat pekong; the Philippines: putok-putokan, tino tino, toltolaya; Thailand: baa 

tom tok, thong theng, pung ping 

Geographical distribution: tropical Africa, Asia and Australia 

Uses: edible fruit, used in traditional medicine; roots used as an anthelmintic 

and treating fevers, leaves for fractures, edema, boils, chancres, as a cardiotonic 

and for treating gonorrhoea 

Life form and origin: herb, wild plant, weed 


81. CIKU – SAWO MANILA 

Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg 

Sapotaceae 

Vernacular names: sapodilla, naseberry (Eng.); Indonesian: sawo Manila; 

Javanese: sawo Londo; Malaysia: ciku; the Philippines: cicho; Cambodia: lomut; 

Laos: lamud; Thailand: lamut, lamut-farang 

Geographical distribution: native to Central America, Mexico and the 

West Indies 

Uses: main product is fruit, but wood is an excellent material for cabinet and 

furniture making.


Used in traditional medicine; bark used for diarrhoea and fevers, and seeds as 

a diuretic 



82. COKELAT 

Theobroma cacao L. 

Sterculiaceae 

Vernacular names: cacao, cocoa (Eng.); Indonesian: cokelat, kakao; Malaysia: 

koko; Papua New Guinea: diwai, kokol; Thailand: koko 

Uses: edible fruit, seeds used for stimulant drinks 



83. DADAP BLENDUNG 

Erythrina variegata L. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: Indian coral tree, variegated coral tree (Eng.); Indonesia: 

Javanese: dadap ayam; the Moluccas: galala itam; Malaysia: chengkering; the 

Philippines: andorogat, bagbag; Thailand: thong lang lai, thong phueak 

Geographical distribution: native to eastern Africa, Madagascar, the Indian 

Ocean islands, Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Indochina, southern 

China, Thailand, throughout Malesia 

Uses: for fishing-nets, surf boards, dugout canoes, wooden shoes, kitchen utensils 

and packing cases. Also used in traditional medicine 



84. DADAP LESANG – DADAP RANGRANG – DADAP CANGKRING 

Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merrill 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: December tree (Eng.); Indonesian: dadap duri; Javanese: 

dadap ri, dadap lenga; Malaysia: dedap batik, cengkering; the Philippines: dapdap, 

raring, anii; Thailand: thonglang-pa, thong-lang 

Geographical distribution: native to India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, 

Thailand and throughout Malesia


Uses: for fishing nets, surf boards, dugout canoes, wooden shoes, kitchen 

utensils and packing cases. Also used in traditional medicine; bark for asthma 

and as an anthelmintic, and leaves for puerperal fevers, abortions, menstrual 

disorders and headaches 



85. DAHU 

Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merill & Rolfe 

Anacardiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: dahu; Kalimantan: sengkuang; Papua: basuang; 

Malaysia: sengkuang, unkawang; Myanmar: nga-bauk 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Indochina, China, Thailand, 

Malesian 

Uses: for furniture and interior finishing, joinery, flooring, mouldings, boat 

building. Used in traditional medicine; bark used for postnatal treatment 



86. DANAS 

Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. 

Bromeliaceae 

Vernacular names: pineapple, ananas (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: nanas; 

Sumatra: naneh; Malaysia: nanas, nanas pager; the Philippines: apangdan, pina; 

Laos: ananas, nat; Thailand: yaannat, sapparot, bonat 

Geographical distribution: originally from South America, found throughout 

the Philippines, Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia 

Uses: fruit 

Life form and origin: herb, exotic plant, cultivated 


87. DARANGDANG – HAMPELAS TANGKAL 

Ficus melinocarpa Blume 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: rempelas; the Philippines: upli


Geographical distribution: Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi, 

the Moluccas, the Aru Islands 

Uses: for temporary construction, mouldings, interior work, drawers, laundry 

tubs, fruit crates, firewood 



88. DARINGO – JARINGAO 

Acorus calamus L. 

Araceae 

Vernacular names: sweet flag, sweet root, calamus (Eng.); Indonesia: 

Javanese: dringo; Sumatra: jerango; Malaysia: jerangau, deringu, jerangoh; the 

Philippines: lubigan, acoro, daraw; Thailand: kha chiang chee, wan nam, hang 

khaao phaa 

Geographical distribution: Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the 

Philippines, Indochina and Thailand 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; rhizomes used as a stimulant, stomachic, 

tonic, antiseptic, emetic and all parts of the plant for treating fevers, coughs and 

chancres 


References: 3 

89. DAROWAK 

Grewia paniculata Roxburgh ex DC. 

Synonyms Microcos tomentosa J.E. Smith 

Tiliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: talok; Malaysia: chenderai, bunsi, damakdamak; 

the Philippines: danglin; Myanmar: tayaw; Thailand: po-lai, po-muen, yap 

Geographical distribution: the Himalaya, China and Taiwan, throughout the 


Uses: for small articles like tool handles, billiard cues and golf clubs. 

Used in traditional medicine; roots used for treating fevers, coughs and stomach 

aches, leaves for fevers, diarrhoea, aphtha, and flowers for colds 


References: 27


90. DAUN SAGA 

Abrus precatorius L. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: Indian liquorice, jequirity bean (Eng.); Indonesian: saga, 

saga manis; Javanese: saga telik; Malaysia: akar saga; the Philippines: saga, 

kansasaga, bangati; Myanmar: ywe-nge; Laos: khua sa em, makam; Thailand: ma 

klam taanuu, klam khruea, ma khaam thao 

Geographical distribution: Africa, tropical and subtropical America, tropical 

Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands, throughout Southeast Asia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used as an emetic and for treating 

gonorrhoea, leaves used for tonsillitis and aphtha 

Life form and origin: liana, exotic plant, cultivated 


91. DAWOLANG 

Excoecaria virgata Zoll. & Moritzi ex Miq. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: derwolo, getahan 

Geographical distribution: Java and the Moluccas (Halmahera) 

Uses: for utility furniture, interior finishing, mouldings, canoes, packing cases, 

toys and matchsticks 

Life form and origin: tree 


92. DELIMA 

Punica granatum L. 

Punicaceae 

Vernacular names: pomegranate (Eng.); Indonesian: delima; Malaysia: delima; 

the Philippines: granada; Myanmar: salebin, tabilin; Thailand: thapthim, phila, 

bakoh; Vietnam: lu’u, thap lu’u 


Uses: fruit is eaten fresh 


References: 31

93. DENDEREMAN 


Leonurus sibiricus L. 

Labiatae 

Vernacular names: lion’s tail (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: ginjean; Sumatra: si 

saratan; Malaysia: seranting, tebungaga, kacangma; the Philippines: kamariangsungsong; 

Thailand: khanchaa thet, saa saa, saa nam 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Bali, 

Sulawesi, Timor, the Moluccas and the Philippines 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots for fevers, leaves for smoking and 

fevers, seeds as an emmenagogue and for treating leucorrhea, all parts for 

headaches and postnatal treatment 

Life form and origin: herb 


94. DOLOG 

Trichospermum javanicum Blume 

Tiliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: endilau nasi, nilai nasi; Malaysia: 

entinong; Thailand: po talap 


Java and Borneo 

Uses: for poles in temporary construction, fencing and wooden clogs 



95. DUREN – KADU 

Durio zibethinus Murray 

Bombacaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: ambetan; the Philippines: dulian; 

Myanmar; du-yin 

Geographical distribution: the Philippines, Sumatra, Borneo and the Lesser 

Sunda Islands, the Moluccas and New Guinea (Papua) 

Uses: for indoor construction and cheaper types of furniture. Edible fruit. 

Used in traditional medicine; roots used for treating fevers 


References: 24, 31


96. EPUNG-PUNG – PEUEUNG 

Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) W. & A. 

Leguminosae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: epung; Madurese: pereng; Thailand: 

hang suea, nom suea, krathin wiman 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for small objects: pegs, tool handles and walking sticks. Used in traditional 

medicine; roots and fruit used as an anthelmintic, leaves for treating contusions 

and conjunctivitis 



97. ERANG 

Oncosperma tigilaria (Jack) Ridl. 

Palmae 

Vernacular names: Nibong (Eng.); Indonesian: nibung; Javanese: gendiwong; 

Malaysia: nibong, anau, nibong pa saloi; the Philippines: anibong, anibung; 

Myanmar: kazaung; Thailand: cha on, lao cha on 

Geographical distribution: Indochina, Thailand and throughout the Malesian 

region, the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: The trunk is in demand for saltwater pilings in the construction of 

offshore fish traps. The entire trunk is used for house supports, posts and 

footbridges, and split trunks are used for flooring, decorative panelling, fencing 

and furniture. Stems used for food and leaves for handicrafts 



98. EURIH 

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. 

Poaceae 

Vernacular names: cogon grass, satintail (Eng.); Indonesian: alang-alang, 

ilalang, lalang; Malaysia: lalang, alang-alang; Papua New Guinea: kunai, 

kurukuru; the Philippines: kogon, gogon, bulum; Myanmar: kyet-mei; 

Thailand: ya-kha, laa laeng, koe hee 

Geographical distribution: The tropics and subtropics of Africa, Southeast Asia 

and Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; rhizomes used for treating venereal diseases, 

haematuria, gonorrhoea, syphilis, cuts, fevers, hypertension and neuropathy




99. GADUNG 

Dioscorea hispida Dennst. 

Dioscoreaceae 

Vernacular names: Asiatic bitter yam, intoxicating yam (Eng.); Indonesian: 

gadung; Balinese: sikapa; Sulawesi: sikapa; Ambon: ondo; Malaysia: ubi arak, 

gadongan, gadong mabok; the Philippines: name, gayos, karot; Myanmar: kywe; 

Thailand: kloi, kloi-nok, kloi-huanieo 

Geographical distribution: from India and southern China, through Southeast 

Asia to New Guinea 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; tubers used for treating boils, dermatosis, 

syphilis, rheumatism and diabetes 



100. GAHARU – GARU 

Gonystylus macrophyllus (Miq.) Airy Shaw 

Thymelaeaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: ramin gunung 

Uses: for house building, tool handles, furniture and as a traditional medicine 


References: 8 

101. GANDARIA 

Bouea macrophylla Griffith 

Anacardiaceae 

Vernacular names: gandaria, plum mango (Eng.); Indonesian: gandaria; 

Sundanese: jatake; Madurese: pao gandari; Malaysia: kundang, kundang daun 

besar, setar; Thailand: ma prang, som prang 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, West and Central 

Java, Borneo, Ambon 

Uses: for house building, tool handles. Edible fruit 


References: 27


102. GANDASOLI – GANDASULI 

Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig 

Zingiberaceae 

Vernacular names: common ginger lily, garland flower, butterfly lily (Eng.); 

Indonesia: Javanese: gondasuli; Balinese: mandasuli; Malaysia: gandasuli, suli; the 

Philippines: kamia, banay, katkatan; Thailand: mahaahong, tha haan, 

hun kaeo 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; rhizomes for medicine, flowers for swelling, 

tonsillitis, menstrual disorders, puerperal fever. Fruits can be edible 



103. GANGGO – CULAN 

Aglaia silvestris (M.Roem.) Merr. 

Meliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: pacar kidang; Sulawesi: kayu wole; 

Malaysia: bekak, segera, lantupak; the Philippines: salamingai, panuhan; 

Thailand: chan-chamot 

Geographical distribution: the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Vietnam, 

Cambodia, Thailand, Malesia, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java and 

the Philippines 

Uses: wood used for spear shafts in the Philippines, axe handles in the Solomon 

Islands and house construction on Halmahera 



104. GANITRI HUTAN 

Elaeocarpus angustifolius Blume 


Vernacular names: Indonesian: genitri; Makassar: sima; Malaysia: changkan, 

geniteri, rijaksa; Thailand: mamun dong, mun dong, mun khom 

Geographical distribution: from India, Nepal trough Indochina to Malesia, 

Australia and east to Fiji 

Uses: boat building, furniture, mouldings 


References: 24, 27

105. GARUT 


Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr. 

Simaroubaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: ri kengkeng; Lampung: sesepang; 

Malaysia: kait-kait; the Philippines: asimau, mamikil, muntani; Thailand: 

khonthaa 

Geographical distribution: from Myanmar eastward through Thailand to 

Indochina and the Philippines, southward to Peninsular Malaysia, South 

Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; velamer for treating diarrhoea, dysentery and 

cholera, and leaves for diarrhoea 

Life form and origin: woody liana, indigenous plant 


106. GEDANG 

Carica papaya L. 

Caricaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: papaya; Javanese: kates; papaya (Eng.); 

Malaysia; papaya, betek; the Philippines; papaya, kapaya, lapaya 

Geographical distribution: from tropical America to Southeast Asia 

Uses: the fruit is the main product. 

Used in traditional medicine; roots used to treat renal calculus and headaches, 

and as an anthelmintic, leaves used for food and treating fevers, asthma and 

beriberi, flowers used for anorexia and as a depurative 



107. GEMPOL 

Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: klepu pasir; Minahasa-Sulawesi: kayu 

mas; the Philippines: bulala, mambog; Thailand: kan lueang, tum kham 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Thailand, throughout the Malesia region 

Uses: for light framing, interior joinery, weatherboarding, flooring, furniture, 

cabinet work, mouldings, veneer and plywood, toys and packing cases 


References: 27


108. GENJER 

Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau 

Butomaceae 

Vernacular names: sawah lettuce, velvet leaf (Eng.); Indonesian: genjer, 

bangeng, eceng; Malaysia: emparik, jinjir, paku rawan; Thailand: bonchin, 

talapatrusi, nangkwak 

Geographical distribution: Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Malaysia, Thailand, 

Myanmar, Sri Lanka 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves eaten as a vegetable, all parts used for 

making organic fertiliser 



109. GENTENG CANGKENG – KI CONGCORANG 

Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H. Ohashi 


Vernacular names: Indonesian: daun duduk; Javanese: cocor bebek; Thailand: 

khaao mao nok, kho kiu, yaa khotung 

Geographical distribution: from India, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, 

southern China, through Malaysia, Indonesia to Papua New Guinea 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used as an analgetic and for treating 

haemorrhoids and lumbago, fruit used to treat urinary calculus and renal 

calculus 



110. GINGGIYANG 

Leea aequata L. 

Leeaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: girang; Makassar: mali-mali 

Geographical distribution: from India and Myanmar throughout Southeast 

Asia and Malesia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used to treat cuts and fevers, wood 

used for conjunctivitis and palsy 


References: 30

111. GINGGIYANG BEUREUM 


Leea rubra Blume 

Leeaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: girang; Malaysia: mali-mali puchok 

merah; Thailand: katangbai, khueang 

Geographical distribution: from India, Myanmar throughout Southeast Asia 

to northern Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used to treat framboesia, leaves for 

dysentery 



112. GOMPONG 

Arthrophyllum diversifolium Blume 

Araliaceae 

Vernacular names: Sundanese: jangkorang 



113. GONGSENG 

Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) A. DC. 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: jerukan, totoan; Malaysia: merapi, 

nerapi, terapi; the Philippines: gingging, linauin 

Geographical distribution: from India and Sri Lanka to Myanmar, Thailand, 

southern China and Indochina, possibly the Philippines, Peninsular Malaysia, 

Sumatra, and Java 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used as an anti-inflammatory, flowers 

used to treat skin irritation 


References: 30


114. HADES 

Limnophila rugosa (Roth) Merr. 

Scrophulariaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: the Moluccas: selaseh anyer; Javanese: selaseh 

banyu; the Philippines: tala, kalaoo, tara-tara; Thailand: phak kachom, om kop 

Geographical distribution: India, Nepal, Indochina, Thailand, southern China 

and the Ryukyu Islands throughout Southeast Asia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; all parts used to treat gonorrhoea, impotence 

and conjunctivitis 



115. HAHAPAAN 

Moghania strobilifera (L.) St. Hil. ex O.K. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: apa-apa kebo, gatak; Brunei: ringan, 

pacar angin; Papua New Guinea: arana, rara, aafec; the Philippines: payangpayang, 

piragan, gangan; Thailand: khee dang, ngon kai, nhut phra 

Geographical distribution: from India to southern China and throughout 

Southeast Asia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for epilepsy and leaves as an 

anthelmintic and for postnatal treatment and rheumatism 

Life form and origin: shrub, wild 


116. HAHAUWAN 

Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume 


Vernacular names: rugged oil-fruit (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: kemesu; 

Malaysia: medang biawak, medang teja, medang telur; the Philippines: 

malangau; Thailand: muat doi, man som, kalon 

Geographical distribution: from India and Myanmar to Indochina, Thailand, 

Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo and the Philippines (Palawan) 

Uses: boat building, furniture making, aircraft building. Also used in traditional 

medicine; bark for toothache 


References: 27, 30

117. HAMBERANG LEUTIK 


Ficus grossularioides Burm.f. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: white-leaved fig (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: kebek; Batak- 

Sumatra: modang susu; Malaysia: ara perak, kelumpong burung, sepedeh jantan 

Geographical distribution: Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, 


Uses: for temporary construction, mouldings, interior work, fruit crates, firewood 



118. HAMERANG 

Ficus padana Burm.f. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: hamberang; Javanese: dedek, kebeg 

Geographical distribution: Indonesia (West Java, Sumatra) 

Uses: bark for rope. Edible fruit 



119. HAMIRUNG – HAMBIRUNG 

Vernonia arborea Buch. - Ham. 

Compositae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: merambung; Sundanese: gambirung; tree 

vernonia (Eng.); Balinese: nangi; Javanese: sembang kuwuk; Malaysia: gambong, 

menggambong, tapong-tapong; the Philippines: malasambong gubat; Thailand: 

chuang, kaphuam maphrao, nuan paeng 

Geographical distribution: from India and Sri Lanka, through Indochina, and 

southern China to Thailand and the Malesian region 

Uses: for wood-based panels, temporary construction, household appliances and 

matchsticks. 

Used in traditional medicine; roots used for fevers, and bark for aphtha 


References: 24, 27


120. HAMPERU BADAK 

Ervatamia sphaerocarpa (Blume) Burkill 

Apocynaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: gembirit, cempirit 

Geographical distribution: Java, Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands and Timor 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used to treat sprains and scabies, and 

gum for itching and cuts 



121. HANTAP 

Sterculia rubiginosa Vent. 

Sterculiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Bangka: jilupang; Simeulue: menong balah; 

Kalimantan: kayu gedang; Malaysia: magapaga, belinsagut; the Philippines: 

malabunot, sinaligan, bisong; Thailand: cha, samkaeo, po fan 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, 

Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines 

Uses: for packing cases and ceilings. Also used in traditional medicine 



122. HARENDONG 

Astronia macrophylla Blume 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: kayu lapan; Sundanese: ki harendong, 

ki harendong badak 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, 

Sulawesi, the Moluccas 

Uses: poles and planks in local house building. Also used in traditional medicine 


References: 8, 27

123. HARENDONG BULU 

Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don 


Uses: Edible fruit, used in traditional medicine 

Life form and origin: herb, wild, weed 



124. HARENDONG SABRANG 

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (W. Aiton) Hassk. 

Myrtaceae 

Vernacular names: downy myrtle, rose myrtle (Eng.); Malaysia: kemunting, 

karamunting; Thailand: thoh, phruat, phruat-kinluk; Vietnam: sim 

Geographical distribution: Southeast Asia, India, Sri Lanka and southern China 

Uses: food and used in traditional medicine; fruits used to treat dysentery and 

diarrhoea 

Life form and origin: shrub 


125. HAREUEUS 

Rubus moluccanus L. 

Rosaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: berete; Minahasa: karembang ne 

langkow; Malaysia: akar kupur; the Philippines: sapinit, bunut, dagamit 

Geographical distribution: throughout Southeast Asia to northern Australia 

and New Caledonia 

Uses: edible fruit. Used in traditional medicine; roots used for dysentery and 

colic, leaves for aphtha, abortion and boils 



126. HAREUGA 

Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff 

Asteraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: ketul; the Moluccas: daun jarong; 

Thailand: koncham


Geographical distribution: tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia in 

Malesian region and Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for toothache and coughs, leaves 

for combustion 

Life form and origin: herb, wild plant, weed 


127. HARIKUKUN 

Schoutenia ovata Korth. 

Tiliaceae 

Vernacular names: East Indian meat-wood (Eng.); Indonesia: Sundanese: 

kukun; Madurese: kokon; Thailand: daeng nieo, daeng saeng, daeng samae 

Geographical distribution: Indochina, Thailand, Java and the Lesser 

Sunda Islands 

Uses: for house building, tool handles, agricultural implements, sporting goods 

and pegs for boat construction 



128. HARINGHIN 

Senna timoriensis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & R.C. Barneby 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: turen; Timor: kayu pelen; Malaysia: 

bebatai, bereksa, sinteng hutan; the Philippines: malamalunggai; Thailand: khi 

lek daeng, khi lek luat, khi lek pa 

Geographical distribution: Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, Thailand and 


Uses: for joinery, handles, sticks and decorative items 



129. HEUCIP 

Baccaurea javanica (Blume) Mull. Arg. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: jirek emprit, kapundung lanang; 

Malaysia: setambun 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi

Uses: for poles in traditional house construction, boat building, furniture 

and boxes 




130. HONJE 

Etlingera elatoir (Jack) R.M. Smith 


Vernacular names: torch ginger (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: kecombrang; the 

Moluccas: petikala; Malaysia: kantan, kechala, ubud udat 

Geographical distribution: Malaysia, Java, Sumatra 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; rhizome used as a dye, flowers for spices, 

deodorant and as a depurative 



131. HUNYUR BUUT – WERA AREUY – KI LEMBUR 

Kadsura scandens (Blume) Blume 

Schisandraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: South Sumatra: mendulai; Malaysia: belabor, 

akar dama-dama, kerukul akar 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Bali 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used to treat coughs and rheumatism, 

stem for coughs and fever, fruits for abdominalgia. Edible fruit 



132. HURU 

Actinodaphne procera Nees 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: medang; Javanese: wuru; Malaysia: medang 

kuning, medang kunyit 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, the Philippines, Sumatra, 

Borneo, Bangka and western Java 

Uses: for light construction, interior finishing, furniture, boat building. Used in 

traditional medicine; bark used to treat tetanus 


References: 24, 27


133. HURU API 

Lophopetalum javanicum (Zoll.) Turcz. 

Celastraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: perupuk; Batak-Sumatra: madang gambici; 

Javanese: mandalaksa; Papua: tatokwa; Malaysia: perupok, kachang rimba, 

perupok dual; the Philippines: abuab, sampol, buyun; Thailand: phuamphrao 

Geographical distribution: Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, 

Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi, the Moluccas and New Guinea 

Uses: timber tree for light construction, interior finishing, furniture 



134. HURU BATU 

Litsea fulva (Blume) F. Vill. 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: huru kacang, huru koneng, huru 

tanduk; the Philippines: batikuling, limbahan 

Geographical distribution: Sumatra, Java and the Philippines 

Uses: for interior finishing, partitioning, furniture, cabinet work, boards, 

packing cases, poles, beams, posts, planks and tool handles 



135. HURU DAPUNG – HURU MEUHMAL – HURU GEMBLUNG 

Actinodaphne glomerata (Blume) Nees 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: Malaysia: medang serai; Indonesia: Sundanese: huru 

payung, huru tangkalak 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo, 

West and Central Java 

Uses: for light construction, interior finishing, furniture, boat building 


References: 24, 27

136. HURU HIRIS – HURU LENCIR 

Actinodaphne sphaerocarpa (Blume) Nees 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: Malaysia: chempa hutan 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia and Java 

Uses: for light construction, interior finishing, furniture, boat building 




137. HURU HONJE 

Pittosporum ferrugineum W. Aiton 

Pittosporaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: kecombrangan; the Moluccas: 

giramong; Brunei: ara bukit; Malaysia: akar belalang puak, medang pasir, 

saipang; the Philippines: mamalis-pula; Thailand: khela, sum ton 

Geographical distribution: from the Nicobar Islands and Peninsular Thailand 

to the entire Malesian region, the Solomon Islands, northern and eastern 

Australia and the Caroline Islands 

Uses: for poles, flooring, tennis rackets, fashion accessories, pulp 



138. HURU KACANG 

Dehaasia caesia Blume 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Kalimantan: madang intalo; 

Sumatra: medang batu 

Geographical distribution: Sumatra, Java and Borneo (Sabah, Kalimantan) 

Uses: for light construction, house posts, house piling, interior finishing, 

panelling, partitioning, furniture, cabinet work, picture framing, musical 

instruments, boat building, knife sheaths 


References: 24, 27


139. HURU KAPAS 

Acer laurinum Hassk. 

Aceraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Minangkabau-Sumatra: medang alu; Javanese: 

waliksana, wuru kembang 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, 

Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands and East Timor 

Uses: for building traditional and temporary houses, suitable for boxes and crates 



140. HURU LEUEUR 

Persea rimosa (Blume) Kosterm. 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: Huru Manok; Sumatra: kayu helah; 

Malaysia: medang inai, medang tanah, medang telur 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java 

and Borneo 

Uses: for house building, light construction, furniture, cabinet making 



141. HURU MADANG 

Beilschmiedia madang (Blume) Blume 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: mause tahang; Peninsular Malaysia: 

medang mekolopon 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Simeuleu, Bangka 

and western Java 

Uses: wood used for house building and construction 


References: 12

142. HURU PAYUNG – HURU MENTEK 

Actinodaphne angustifolia (Blume) Nees 

Lauraceae 

Geographical distribution: West and Central java 

Uses: for house building, utility furniture, flooring, mouldings 



143. HURU TALEUS 

Phoebe grandis (Ness) Merr. 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: sun laurel (Eng.); Indonesia: Kalimantan: marsihung; 

Sumatra: medang pungut; Malaysia: medang keserai, medang ketanah, 

medang silau; Thailand: mun khao, thang bon 


Singapore, Sumatra, Java and Borneo 

Uses: for house building, furniture, cabinet work, carriages, agricultural 

implements, musical instruments, carvings 




144. HURU TANGKALAK – KI MOKLA 

Knema laurina (Blume) Warb. 

Myristicaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: kanjeng rah; South Sumatra: pianggu 

pipit; Malaysia: chendarahan hitam, penarahan hitam, penarahan samak; 

Thailand: han chang 



Uses: for light or temporary construction, house building, flooring, boat 

building, interior trim, wall panelling, packing cases 


References: 24, 27


145. HURU TUMBILA – JERUKAN 

Siphonodon celastrineus Griff. 

Celastraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: danoklot kepu; Muna-Sulawesi: indohe 

hapute; Malaysia: kalantaid; Papua New Guinea: ivru wood; the Philippines: 

malagsak; Myanmar: myauk-okshit; Thailand: ma duk, yai pluak 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, throughout 

the Malesian region and Australia 

Uses: for construction, turnery, interior finishing, utensils, carving, pencils 



146. HUWI 

Dioscorea alata L. 

Dioscoreaceae 

Vernacular names: yam (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: uwi; Malaysia: ubi; Papua 

New Guinea: yam; the Philippines: yam, ubi 


Uses: used in traditional medicine; tubers used to treat tuberculosis, nepralgia, 

splenalgia, hametemensis and boils. Edible tuber 



147. IPI 

Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Kuntze 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Kalimantan: merbau asam; Malaysia: merbau ipil, 

kayu besi; the Philippines: ipil, ipil laut; Thailand: lumpho-thale, pradu-thale 

Geographical distribution: Southern India and Myanmar to Malesia 

Uses: for construction work in house building, high class exterior joinery, 

windows, solid panel doors, framing and weatherboarding 


References: 26

148. IPIS KULIT – KI BEUSI 


Pternandra azurea (Blume) Burkill 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: ki buruy, ki jambe; Malaysia: polok, 

siri-siri, siren-siren 

Geographical distribution: the Lingga Archipelago, Sumatra, Java and Borneo 

Uses: for house building 



149. JAMBLANG 

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels 

Myrtaceae 

Vernacular names: jambolan (Eng.); Indonesian: jamblang; Javanese: duwet; 

Malaysia: jambulana, jambulan; the Philippines: duhat, lomboi; Myanmar: 

thabyay-hpyoo; Thailand: wa, hakhiphae 


Uses: ripe fruit is eaten fresh and wood is reasonable firewood. Also used in 

traditional medicine 



150. JAMBU BIJI – JAMBU BATU 

Psidium guajava L. 

Myrtaceae 

Vernacular names: guava (Eng.); Brunei: jambu biji; Indonesia: Javanese: jambu 

klutuk; Malaysia: jambu biji, jambu Kampuchia, jambu berase; the Philippines: 

guava, bayabas, guyabas; Myanmar: malakapen; Thailand: farang, ma-kuai, 

ma-man 


Uses: main product is fruit, but wood is used for handles, carpentry and turnery 


References: 24, 31


151. JAMBU MAWAR 

Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston 

Myrtaceae 

Vernacular names: rose apple, Malabar plum (Eng.); Indonesian: jambu 

air mawar, jambu kraton; Malaysia: jambu kelampok, jambu mawer; the 

Philippines: tampoy, bunlaun, yambo; Thailand: chomphu-namdokmai, 

manomhom, yamu-panawa 


Uses: for construction timber. Fruit can be eaten fresh 



152. JAMBU MEDE 

Anacardium occidentale L. 

Anacardiaceae 

Vernacular names: cashew (Eng.); Indonesian: jambu monyet; Javanese: jambu 

mede; Malaysia: gajus, jambu monyet; the Philippines: kasoy, balubad, balogo; 

Myanmar: thiho thayet si; Thailand: mamuang himmaphan, yaruang 


Uses: for nuts, but wood is used as fuel or as a low-quality timber. Also used in 




153. JAMPANG 

Oplismenus compositus (L.) Beauv. 

Poaceae 

Uses: used in traditional medicine, fodder 


References: 8 

154. JAMUJU 

Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laubenf. 

Podocarpaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra-Sulawesi: kayu embun; Sulawesi: 

cemba-cemba; Malaysia: rempayan, landin; the Philippines: igem; Myanmar: 

thitmin


Geographical distribution: southern China, Indochina, Myanmar, Thailand, 

the Malesian archipelago 

Uses: for furniture, panelling, cabinet work, carving, tea chests, masts 



155. JANETRANG 

Elaeocarpus petiolatus (Jack) Wall. 


Geographical distribution: from Madagascar and Mauritius to Sri Lanka, 

India, Indochina, Japan, Thailand throughout the Malesian region 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for fevers, leaves for sunstroke and 

as a beverage 



156. JARA ANAK 

Castanopsis javanica (Blume) DC. 

Fagaceae 

Vernacular names: spiny oak (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: ki ruing, kalimorot; 

Kalimantan: palele; Malaysia: berangan duri, berangan haji 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and western Java 

Uses: for house building, furniture, poles, door and window frames. Edible fruit 

and seed 



157. JARING 

Melochia corchorifolia L. 

Sterculiaceae 

Vernacular names: chocolate-weed, redweed (Eng.); Indonesian: urang-aring; 

Javanese: gendiran; Malaysia: lemak ketam, lemak kepiting, bayam rusa; the 

Philippines: bankalanan, kalingan; Thailand: khaang paak put, sa aeng bai mon, 

seng lek 


Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for smallpox, dysentery, dysuria, 

leaves for food, as a carmitative and for treating abdominalgia, gum used to 

treat cuts



References: 3 

158. JARONG – JARONG LALAKI 

Achyranthes aspera L. 

Amaranthaceae 

Vernacular names: prickly chaff flower (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: jarong; the 

Moluccas: sangko hidung; Malaysia: ara songgang, nyarang sunsang; Papua New 

Guinea: towano; the Philippines: hangod, higad-higad, saramat; Thailand: khuai 

nguu, phan nguu, yaa-ken nguu khaao 

Geographical distribution: Malesia and Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots for coughs and diarrhoea, leaves for 

conjunctivitis, all parts as an anticonvulsant 



159. JAWER KOTOK 

Plectranthus scutellaroides (L.) R. Br. 

Lamiaceae 

Vernacular names: painted nettle (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: kentangan; 

South Sumatra: adang-adang; Malaysia: daun ati-ati, ati-ati merah, ati-ati besar; 

the Philippines: badiara, malaina, mayana; Thailand: ruese phasom laeo, 

waan lueat haeng 


Taiwan, Thailand, throughout Malesia, the Solomon Islands 

Uses: Used in traditional medicine; all parts used for lumbago 


References: 3 

160. JEJERUKAN 

Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: kayu semidra, sarirah; Malaysia: ketiak, 

memali, tengkorak biawak; the Philippines: uto; Thailand: ka uam, yaa krong 


Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines


Uses: for indoor construction, furniture, plywood, packing cases. Used in 

traditional medicine; bark used for skin irritations and leaves for rheumatism 



161. JENGKOL 

Archidendron pauciflorum (Benth.) I. Nielsen 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: Malaysia: karedas. 

Geographical distribution: from Sri Lanka and India to Indochina, southern 

China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Thailand, throughout the Malesian region, the 

Solomon Islands, north-eastern and eastern Australia 

Uses: for light construction, furniture, cabinet work, canoes. Used in traditional 

medicine; barks used to treat toothache and pectoralgia and leaves for cuts and 

scabies. Food, fruit for hair washing 



162. JENGKOT 

Prunus javanica (Teijsm. & Binnend.) Miq. 

Rosaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: salam anjing; the Philippines: Palawan cherry 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, the Andaman Islands, Vietnam, 

Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines 

(Palawan), Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas and New Guinea 

Uses: for construction, house building and furniture 



163. JERET 

Mastixia trichotoma Blume 

Cornaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: ki bako, huru hiris, ki lumlum, ki 

tenjo; Javanese: huru hiris; Kalimantan: medang kanigara; Sumatra: medang 

keladi; Brunei: medang aima, medang kanigara; Malaysia: kayu bengkal bukit, 

medang aima, medang kanigara; the Philippines: Mindanao apanit



Java, Borneo, the Philippines, North Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands, 

the Moluccas 

Uses: for temporary construction, packing cases, pallets, shuttering, chopsticks, 

ice cream spoons, toothpicks 



164. JERUK 

Citrus nobilis Lour. 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: common: citrus; Malaysia: limau; Myanmar: shouk 

Geographical distribution: from India and southern China to northern 

Australia 

Uses: fruit eaten as food 



165. JERUK BALI 

Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: pummelo, shaddock, pomelo (Eng.); Indonesia: jeruk Bali, 

jeruk besar; Malaysia: jambua, limau Betawi, limau Bali; Papua New Guinea: 

muli; the Philippines: lukban, suha; Myanmar: shouk-ton-oh; Thailand: 

som-o, ma-o 

Geographical distribution: Malesia to Indochina, southern China 

Uses: main product is fruit for food. Used in traditional medicine; leaves used 

for swellings and chancres, flowers for perfume and treating cardiodynia 



166. JERUK KEPROK 

Citrus reticulata Blanco 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: mandarin (Eng.); Indonesian: jeruk Jepun, jeruk maseh; 

Malaysia: limau langkat, limau kupas, limau wangkang; the Philippines: 

sintones; Thailand: som khieo waan, som saengthong, ma bang

Geographical distribution: all tropical and subtropical regions of the world 

Uses: main product is fruit 




167. JERUK MANIS 

Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: sweet orange (Eng.); Malaysia: limau manis, chula, 

choreng; the Philippines: kahel; Myanmar: tungchin-thi; Thailand: somkliang, 

somtra, makhun 

Geographical distribution: the subtropics and tropics 




168. JERUK NIPIS 

Citrus aurantifolia (Christm. & Panzer) Swingle 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: lime, sour lime, common lime (Eng.); Malaysia: limau asam, 

limau nipis; Papua New Guinea: muli; the Philippines: dayap; Thailand: somma 

nao, manao; Vietnam: chanh, chanh ta 

Geographical distribution: origins in northern India or northern Malesia 

Uses: for preparing drinks, as a spice and for a variety of medicinal applications. 

Used in traditional medicine; roots used for dysentery, leaves for headaches 

and stomach aches, fruit for coughs, stomach aches, neuralgia, gonorrhoea and 

frambesia 



169. JERUK PURUT 

Citrus hystrix DC. 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: Mauritius papeda, leech lime (Eng.); Indonesian: jeruk 

purut, limau purut; the Philippines: kabuyau, kulubut, kolobot; Myanmar: 

shouk-pote; Thailand: ma kruut


Uses: main product is fruit. Used in traditional medicine; peel used as an 

anthelmintic, for treating headaches, for washing hair and as a spice 



170. JEUNGJING 

Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: silk tree (Eng.); Indonesia: Madurese: sengghung; Javanese: 

sengon; the Philippines: hinagit, kantingen, unik; Thailand: kaang luang, saan 

kham, khaang hung 

Geographical distribution: from Sri Lanka and India to Myanmar, Indochina, 

Thailand, Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for house construction, bridge construction, boat building, furniture, 

cabinet work, mouldings, interior finishing, strip flooring, panelling, agricultural 

implements, musical instruments, picture frames. Bark used for fish poison, 

leaves for poison and gum for glue 



171. JEUNTIR 

Globba pendula Roxburgh 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: South Sumatra: pedas kancil; Bangka: jae kera; 

Malaysia: meroyan tinggal, halia hutan, puar birah 

Geographical distribution: Bangladesh, southern Myanmar, Vietnam, 

Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Bangka, western Java 

and Borneo . 




172. JINGJING KULIT 

Ziziphus horsfieldii Blume 

Rhamnaceae 



References: 8

173. JIRAK 


Symplocos fasciculata Zoll. 

Symplocaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: jirek, sasah; the Philippines: agosip, 

himamaliu; Thailand: mueat; Vietnam: dung 

Geographical distribution: western Polynesia, eastern Australia, South 

America, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, the Philippines and Thailand 

Uses: for light and temporary construction, furniture. Also used in traditional 

medicine; bark for dye and treating aphtha 



174. JONGE 

Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. 

Asteraceae 

Vernacular names: sow thistle (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: patah kemudi, 

kemendilan; Malaysia: ketumbit jantan, setumbak merah; the Philippines: 

tagulinau, lamlampaka, pisowa-pisowa; Thailand: hangplachon, phakdaeng, 

phakbang 





175. JOTANG 

Spilanthes iabadicensis A.H. Moore 

Asteraceae 



References: 8 

176. JUKUT BAU 

Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. 

Lamiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: lampesan; Madurese: mang-kamang; 

Malaysia: malbar hutan, selaseh hutan, pokok kemangi; the Philippines: suobkabayo, 

loko-loko, amotan; Thailand: kaaraa, maeng lak khaa 

Geographical distribution: throughout Indochina, Thailand and Malesia


Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for emmenagogue and as a 

stimulant, stems for headaches and dermatosis, leaves as an anticonvulsant 

and for rheumatism, headaches, dermatosis, all parts for dysentery and 

stomach aches 



177. JUKUT RIYUD 

Mimosa pudica L. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: sensitive plants (Eng.); Indonesian: putri malu; Javanese: 

pis kucing; Malaysia: memalu, malu-malu; Brunei: putri malu, rumput malu, 

sopan malu; the Philippines: makahiya, torog-torog, babain; Thailand: ka-ngap, 

maiyaraap, yaa pan yot 

Geographical distribution: South America and throughout Southeast Asia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves for insomnia and swelling, all parts for 

haematuria 

Life form and origin: creeping herb, wild, weed 

References: 3 

178. KABU-KABU – DANGDEUR LEUWENG 

Bombax valetonii Hochr. 

Bombaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: randu alas; Malaysia: kekabu hutan; 

Thailand: krai, ngui pa, nun pa 

Geographical distribution: Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java 

Uses: for packing cases, matchboxes, matchsticks, temporary construction, 

musical instruments 



179. KAHITUTAN 

Paederia foetida L. 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: Chinese moon creeper, Chinese fevervine, king tonic (Eng.); 

Indonesia: Javanese: sembukan; Madurese: bintaos; Malaysia: akar sekentut, 

daun kentut, kesimbukan; the Philippines: kantutai, bangogan, mabolok; 

Thailand: kon, choh-ka-thue mue, yaan phaahom

Geographical distribution: from Northeast India to China and Japan, 

southwards to Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for fevers and as a tonic and 

stomachic, leaves as a carminative and for colds, conjunctivitis, rheumatism, 

palsy, abdominalgia, proctitis, dysentery and herpes 

Life form and origin: liana, wild 



180. KAKAPASAN 

Daphne composita (L.f.) Gilg. 

Thymelaeaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: ki salam; Sumatra: kulai manis rimbo; 

Thailand: khem-khao 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, southern China, Vietnam, 

Cambodia, Thailand, Sumatra, West Java and Borneo 

Uses: bark used as a binding material 


181. KALAK 

Miliusa longipes King 

Annonaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: janglot, kalak kembang 

Geographical distribution: Java 

Uses: for light construction, furniture, cabinet work, tool handles, packing cases 

and crates 



182. KALAPA TIYUNG – KI TUMILA 

Horsfieldia glabra (Blume) Warb. 

Myristicaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: kalak pacung; Sundanese: kalapa 

tiyung, kelapa ciung; Sumatra: peredah burung; Malaysia: chendarah, 

lempoyang paya, pianggu; Thailand: han 

Geographical distribution: Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, 

the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for temporary construction, flooring, boat building




183. KALIANDRA 

Calliandra calothyrsus Meisner 


Vernacular names: calliandra, red calliandra (Eng.); Malaysia: kaliandra; the 

Philippines: calliandra 

Geographical distribution: Suriname, Mexico, Java, Africa, Australia 

Uses: for charcoal, pulp and paper, fibreboard production 



184. KALINGSIR 

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. 

Asteraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: daun dewa, sambung nyawa; Malaysia: akar 

sebiak, kelemai merah, kacham akar; Thailand: pra-kham dee khwaai, ma kham 

dee khawaai, mu maeng sang 

Geographical distribution: southern China throughout continental Southeast 

Asia and Malesia eastward to Papua New Guinea 




185. KALIYAGE 

Canthium horridum Blume 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: bestru; Jakarta: selungkit; Malaysia: 

bulangan, bulang, kait-kait; the Philippines: kuliak-daga, mimisan, dayapdayap; 

Thailand: khlet nuu, naam leprok 


Singapore, Java, Borneo and the Philippines 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; bark used for dysentery, leaves for 

conjunctivitis. Edible fruit and leaves 


References: 11

186. KANDAR LUTUNG 


Hydnocarpus heterophylla Blume 

Flacourtiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: South Sumatra: becampoih; Javanese: luteng; 

the Philippines: balik, butong-manok, magluni 

Geographical distribution: southern Sumatra, West Java, southeast Borneo, 


Uses: for local house building, panelling, door and window frames, fences 



187. KANDIS 

Garcinia parvifolia (Miq.) Miq. 

Clusiaceae 

Vernacular names: kandis (trade name); garnicia (Eng.); the Philippines: 

bunog; Thailand: cha muang 

Geographical distribution: the old world tropics, tropical America and 

Southeast Asia 

Uses: for temporary construction, poles, interior trim, furniture. Edible fruit 



188. KANYERE 

Bridelia monoica (Lour.) Merr. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: kanderi; Javanese: kandri; Malaysia: kenidai, 

kernam, kerdam 

Geographical distribution: from Sri Lanka, India and the Himalaya to 

Myanmar, Indochina, southern China, Taiwan, Thailand and throughout the 

Malesia region to the Solomon Islands 

Uses: for temporary construction, agricultural implements, interior trim, light 

farming, joinery, drawer slides and sides, carts, carving, tool handles. Used in 

traditional medicine; leaves used for colic 


References: 24, 27


189. KANYERE BADAK – KI HOWE 

Bridelia glauca Blume 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: gandri kebo; the Philippines: balitahan, 

balitahantilos 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Thailand, the Malesian region, 


Uses: for temporary construction, agricultural implements, interior trim, 

joinery, drawer slides, carvings 



190. KANYERE LAUT 

Dendrolobium umbellatum (L.) Benth. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: blanakan; Ternate: gowou; 

Malaysia: petai laut, petai belalang, dendulang; Thailand: khamin naang, 

chamaep, thua rae thale 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, China, Taiwan, 

throughout Malesia 




191. KAPI DENGKUNG 

Nyssa javanica (Blume) Wang. 

Cornaceae 

Vernacular names: trade name: kirung; Indonesia: Sundanese: hirung; Javanese: 

wuru gading; Malaysia: terang bulu; Laos: theun; Thailand: khai pla, mueat 

khon khao, khang khok, khueng khak; Vietnam: t[uwx] Java 

Geographical distribution: from north-eastern India and the Himalaya to 

Indochina, southern China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java 

and Borneo 

Uses: for house construction, furniture, packing cases. Edible fruit 


References: 24, 27

192. KAPI NANGO 


Dysoxylum arborescens (Blume) Miq. 

Meliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: cemaga; Sumatra: bangkiring payo; Malaysia: 

jarum-jarum, pasak lingga, lantupak; Thailand: ta suea; Vietnam: huynh d[uw] 

[owf]ng 

Geographical distribution: from India and Sri Lanka to Myanmar, Indochina, 

southern China, Thailand and throughout the Malesian region, east to the 

Pacific and South to Australia and New Zealand 

Uses: for construction, boat building, heavy decking, flooring, doors, window 

frames, mouldings, interior finishing, carvings, turnery, cabinet work, high 

grade furniture 



193. KAPULASAN – PULASAN 

Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh. 


Vernacular names: Malaysia: buah mua, meritam, pulasan; the Philippines: 

bulala, karayo, malapution; Singapore: pulasan; Myanmar: kyet-mauk 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, 


Uses: for construction and furniture. Edible fruit 



194. KAPUNDUNG 

Baccaurea dulcis (Jack) Mull. Arg. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: ketupa (Eng.); Indonesian: cupa, tupa 

Geographical distribution: southern Sumatra, western Java 

Uses: for poles in traditional house construction, boat building, furniture and 

boxes. Edible fruit 


References: 24, 27


195. KARAG 

Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: ki jeruk – jejerukan 

Geographical distribution: from West Africa to Madagascar, Sri Lanka, India, 

Indochina, southern China, Thailand, throughout the Malesian region 

Uses: for house building, furniture, poles, window and door frames 



196. KARAS TULANG 

Turpinia montana (Blume) Kurz 

Staphyleaceae 



References: 8 

197. KAREUMBI 

Omalanthus populneus (Geiseler) Pax 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular name: kareumbi badak 



198. KARUNDANG 

Solanum lasiocarpum Dun. 

Solanaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: ricontom, contoman 

Geographical distribution: Indonesia (Java), Peninsular Malaysia 

Uses: the hairy berries can be eaten raw 



199. KASINGSAT 

Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Mull. Agr. 

Euphorbiaceae


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: srintil, adal-adal; Malaysia: akar kara 

nasi, terap kompong, maharaja lela; Myanmar: natcho; Thailand: tong taek, 

thon di, nong pom 

Geographical distribution: Pakistan, India, Myanmar, Indochina, southern 

China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java 




200. KASO 

Saccharum spontaneum L. 

Poaceae 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; shoots for treating conjunctivitis and as food 

Life form and origin: tall grass, wild 

References: 8 

201. KATEPENG LEUTIK 

Senna tora (L.) Roxb. 


Vernacular names: foetid cassia, panicled milkwort (Eng.); Indonesian: 

gelenggang kecil; Malay: ketepeng kecil; Malaysia: gelenggang kechil, 

gelenggang padang; the Philippines: katanda, balatong-aso; Thailand: chum het 

tai, chum het lek, lapmuen noi 

Geographical distribution: the old world tropics 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; lees as a purgative and for treating coughs 

and ringworm, fruit for dysentery, seeds as an anthelmintic 


References: 3 

202. KATUK 

Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: star gooseberry (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: babing; 

Minangkabau: simani; Malaysia: chekup manis, cekur manis; the Philippines: 

binahian; Myanmar: yo-ma-hin-yo; Thailand: phak waan baan, kaan tong, 

ma yom paa


Geographical distribution: Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, 

southern China, Thailand and throughout the Malesian region 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves for boils, chancres, fevers and as a 

galactogogue and depurative, roots for frambesia and dysuria. Leaves eaten as a 

vegetable 



203. KATULAMPA 

Elaeocarpus submonoceras Miq. 


Vernacular names: the Philippines: nabol-tilos, pagapos, tabung-hangin 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo 

and the Philippines 

Uses: for light interior construction, boat building, aircraft building, furniture 

joinery, mouldings, boxes, carvings 



204. KATUMPANG 

Callicarpa longifolia Lamk 

Verbenaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: meniran; Sumatra: setampo; Malaysia: 

tampang besi; Thailand: hu khwai 

Geographical distribution: China, Indochina, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, 


Uses: for house building, light construction and string instruments 



205. KAWISTA 

Limonia acidissima L. 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: wood apple, elephant apple (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: 

kawista; Balinese: kusta; Malaysia: belinggai, gelinggai; Myanmar: thibin; 

Thailand: makhwit, mafit


Geographical distribution: India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, Malaysia, 

Java, Bali 

Uses: timber for house construction, posts, agricultural tools. Edible fruit 

Used in traditional medicine 



206. KAWOYANG 

Prunus arborea (Blume) Kalkman 

Rosaceae 

Vernacular names: tenangau; Malaysia: pepijat, kelanus, medang kelanus; the 

Philippines: lago, amugan 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, 

the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas, the Philippines 

Uses: for construction, house building, furniture, cabinet work, mouldings 



207. KAYU AFRIKA-MANII 

Maesopsis eminii Engl. 

Rhamnaceae 

Vernacular names: kayu Afrika 

Geographical distribution: occurs naturally in tropical Africa along the Gulf of 

Guinea, Liberia to Angola and the Congo 

Uses: for building temporary houses 


208. KECAPI - KACAPI 

Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f.) Merrill 

Meliaceae 

Vernacular names: trade name: sentul; Brunei: kalampu; Malaysia: kecapi, 

sentol, langsat kera 

Geographical distribution: from India, Myanmar and Indochina to Thailand 

Uses: for house construction, furniture, cabinet work, joinery, interior 

construction, shop fitting, panelling, planking and decking of boats, carvings, 

household implements, agricultural implements and sandals. Also used in 

traditional medicine




209. KECEMANG 

Ilex triflora Blume 

Aquifoliaceae 


Life form and origin: straggling bush, indigenous plant 

References: 8 

210. KEDONDONG LEUWEUNG 

Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz 

Anacardiaceae 

Vernacular names: common hog plum (Eng.); Indonesia: kedondong 

(common), Bali: kacemcem, Malaysia: embrah, kedondong, memberah; the 

Philippines: libas; Myanmar: gwe, pwe-baung; Cambodia: mokak; Laos: kok, 

kouk; Thailand: ma-kok 


Thailand and throughout the Malesian region 

Uses: for mouldings, interior finishing, drawers, pulp, matchboxes, boxes, 

crates, carvings 



211. KEDONDONG MANIS 

Spondias cytherea Sonnerat 

Anacardiaceae 

Vernacular names: ambarella, Otaheite apple, great hog plum (Eng.); Malaysia: 

kedondong; the Philippines: hevi; Myanmar: gway; Thailand: makok-farang 

Geographical distribution: throughout South and Southeast Asia 

Uses: fruit is eaten fresh and used for making jam, jelly and juice. Wood used 

for canoes. Also used in traditional medicine 


References: 31

212. KEDONDONG SABRANG 


Spondias mombin L. 

Anacardiaceae 

Vernacular names: yellow mombin (Eng.); Indonesia: Sundanese: kedondong 

Cina, kedondong cucuk 



Uses: for mouldings, interior finishing, drawers, pulp, matchboxes, boxes, 

crates, carvings 



213. KEDOYA – KI TAI 

Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum (A. Juss.) Miq. 

Meliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: kedoya; Sulawesi: mamalapa; the 

Philippines: igio, manangtang, taliktan 

Geographical distribution: the Philippines, Sulawesi, Java, the Lesser Sunda 

Islands, the Moluccas 

Uses: for boat building, heavy decking, flooring, doors, window frames, 

mouldings, interior finishing, decorative wall panelling, high grade furniture, 

cabinet work 



214. KEHKEHAN 

Limnophila aromatica (Lamk) Merr. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Ambonese: daun kardemom, selaseh ayer kecil; 

Malaysia: beremi, kerak-kerak; the Philippines: angangi; Thailand: phak khayaeng, 

phak phaa 

Geographical distribution: India, Sri Lanka to Indochina, southern China, 

Japan, Taiwan, throughout Southeast Asia and northern Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots for fevers, leaves for cuts, fevers and all 

parts for menstrual disorders and as an astringent 


References: 24, 30


215. KEHKEHAN LEMBUT 

Limnophila erecta Benth. 


Geographical distribution: Myanmar, southern China, Vietnam, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Java and Kalimantan 




216. KEJI BELING 

Sericocalyx crispus (L.) Blume 

Acanthaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Jakarta: daun picah beling; Javanese: enyoh kelo, 

keci beling 


Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used for treating diabetes, dysuria, 

renal calculus, vesical calculus 

Life form and origin: shrub, exotic plant 


217. KEKECREKAN 

Crotalaria pallida Aiton 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: orok-orok; Madurese: telpok; Malaysia: 

giring-giring, rang-rang; the Philippines: gorung-gorung, kolong-kolong, 

tambarisa; Thailand: hinghai, honghai 

Geographical distribution: India, Sri Lanka and throughout Southeast Asia 


Life form and origin: exotic plant, weed 

References: 3 

218. KEMALAKIAN 

Croton tiglium L. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: purging cotton (Eng.); Indonesia: Minangkabau: 

simalakian; Javanese: ceraken; Malaysia: changkian, chemengkian, bua patu; 

the Philippines: tuba, saligau, tubang-makaisa; Thailand: ma khaang, salot


Geographical distribution: from India and Sri Lanka eastward to China and 

Indochina, Thailand and throughout Malesia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for edema, abortions and seeds as 

a purgative and fish poison 



219. KEMBANG TELENG 

Clitoria ternatea L. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: butterfly pea, Asian pigeon wings (Eng.); Indonesian: bunga 

biru; Javanese: kembang telang; Malaysia: bunga biru, kacang telang; 

the Philippines: kolokanting, giting princesa, balog-balog; Thailand: anchan 

Geographical distribution: tropics of Asia, Africa, the Pacific Islands and 

the Americas 

Uses: potential fodder plant. Used in traditional medicine; roots used 

as a purgative and for headaches, leaves for boils and coughs, flowers for 

conjunctivitis and bronchitis 

Life form and origin: liana, wild, weed 

References: 9 

220. KEMUNING 

Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: Andaman satinwood, Burmese boxwood, Chinese myrtle 

(Eng.); Indonesian: kemuning (common); Malaysia: kemuning; the Philippines: 

kamuning 

Geographical distribution: from Sri Lanka and India to Indochina, southern 

China, Taiwan to Thailand, throughout the Malesian region 

Uses: for decorative objects (kris handles and sheaths). Used in traditional 

medicine; roots, bark and flowers used for cosmetics, leaves for gonorrhoea, 

obesity, menstrual disorders, toothache, and as an anthelmintic 


References: 24, 27


221. KENARI AMBON 

Canarium indicum L. 

Burseraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sulawesi: kenari Ternate; the Moluccas: kenari 

bagea; Ambon: jal; Papua New Guinea: galip, lawele, hinuei 

Geographical distribution: Sulawesi, the Moluccas, New Guinea 

Uses: for light construction, mouldings, interior finishing and firewood. 

Edible seed 

Life form and origin: tree, exotic plant, cultivated, 


222. KENDUNG 

Helicia javanica Blume 

Proteaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: kayu maributan; Javanese: kendung; 

Dayak: watutu; Malaysia: sawa luka, medang keladi 

Geographical distribution: southern India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Peninsular Thailand, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines 

Uses: for superior joinery, high class furniture, cabinet work, interior finishing, 

flooring, house building, tools. Edible leaves 



223. KERSEN – TALOK 

Muntingia calabura L. 


Vernacular names: capulin, Jamaica cherry (Eng.); Indonesian: cerri, kersen; 

Javanese: talok; Malaysia: kerukup Siam; the Philippines: datiles; Thailand: 

takhop farang 


Uses: used in traditional medicine; flowers for headaches and influenza, wood 

valued mostly as fuel. Roadside shade tree with edible fruit 


References: 31

224. KERTAU 


Morus macroura Miq. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: andalas, hole tanduk; Myanmar: tawposa; 

Thailand: mon luang 

Geographical distribution: India, southern China, Myanmar, Thailand, 

Sumatra and West Java 

Uses: for furniture, cabinet work, beams, posts, flooring and bridge building 



225. KESEMEK 

Diospyros kaki L.f. 

Ebenaceae 

Vernacular names: oriental persimmon, Chinese persimmon, Japanese 

persimmon (Eng.); Indonesian: kesemek, buah kaki; Malaysia: buah kaki, buah 

samak; Thailand: phlap chin 

Geographical distribution: Java, Sumatra, Malaysia, northern Thailand 

Uses: fruit can be eaten fresh 



226. KETEPENG 

Senna alata L. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: ringworm bush, seven golden candlesticks (Eng.); Indonesia: 

Javanese: ketepeng kebo; Brunei: raun suluk, paa-ul, tarump; Manado: daun 

kupang, ketepeng; Malaysia: daun kurap, gelenggang, ludanggan; Papua 

New Guinea: kabaiura, levoanna, orere; the Philippines: andadasi, katanda, 

palochina; Thailand: kheekhaak, chumhet thet, chumhet yai 



Life form and origin: shrub, wild plant, weed 

References: 3, 8


227. KI ACRET 

Spathodea campanulata Beauv. 

Bignoniaceae 

Vernacular names: panchut-panchut 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; flowers for chancres, timber for paper 


References: 8 

228. KI AJAG 

Ardisia crispa (Thunberg ex Murray) DC. 

Myrsinaceae 

Vernacular names: village ardisia, coralberry, spiceberry (Eng.); Indonesia: 

Bangka: mata ayam; Lampung: popinoh; Malaysia: mata ayam, mata pelandok; 

the Philippines: atarolon, tagpo; Thailand: chamkhruea, tinchamkhok, tappla 

Geographical distribution: India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, southern 

China, southern Korea, southern Japan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and 


Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots for fevers, diarrhoea and coughs, all 

parts for fractures and sprains 



229. KI AMBIT 

Elaeocarpus grandiflorus J.E. Smith 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: anyang-anyang, maitan; Myanmar: yesaga; 

Thailand: mun nam, phi nai 

Geographical distribution: Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Bali, 

Borneo and the Philippines 

Uses: for light interior construction, boat building, aircraft building, furniture 

joinery, mouldings, boxes, carvings. Also used in traditional medicine; bark 

used to treat syphilis and chancres, leaves for syphilis, fruit for dysuria, syphilis, 

chancres and urinary calculus 


References: 27, 30

230. KI ANGIR 


Ganophyllum falcatum Blume 


Vernacular names: mangir (trade name), kayu mangir; Malaysia: panapok ayer; 

the Philippines: arangen, lulibas, salngen 

Geographical distribution: from the Nicobar and Andaman Islands, 

throughout the Malesian region to the Solomon Islands and northern Australia 

Uses: for house and bridge construction, panelling, flooring, door and window 

frames, furniture, cabinet work, moulding, boat building, railway sleepers, 

sporting goods. Bark used for shampoo and soap 



231. KI ANGRIT 

Adina polycephala Benth. 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: kayu kunyit; Javanese: ki anggrit; Sumatra: 

nangi kuning; Malaysia: berombong, meraga, mengkeniab; the Philippines: 

zschokke adina; Thailand: khamin, khem chang, lang khao 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, 

Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines 

Uses: for house building, flooring, fences, posts, joinery, tool handles, 

agricultural implements. Bark used for a tonic in local medicine 



232. KI APU 

Polyosma ilicifolia Blume 

Saxifragaceae 

Vernacular names: Sundanese: ki cabe 


Thailand, throughout the Malesian region to tropical Australia 

Uses: for local house building 


References: 24, 27


233. KI ARA 

Ficus calophylla Blume 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: calodas 

Life form and origin: scrambling fig, indigenous plant 


234. KIARA WUNUK – KIARA GAMBIR 

Ficus drupacea Thunb. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: brown woolly fig (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: bulu timun; 

Malaysia: akar piangu antan; the Philippines: payapa, belete, nonok; Thailand: 

lungkhon, krang-baikhon, haimi 

Geographical distribution: from India, Sri Lanka throughout Indochina and 

Malesia to the Solomon Islands and Australia 




235. KI BAKO 

Ehretia javanica Blume 

Boraginaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: Kendal kebo, cabukan 

Geographical distribution: Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali, 

Sumbawa, Flores) 

Uses: for construction, furniture, household utensils, tool handles, for framing 

and decking of small boats 



236. KI BANCET 

Turpinia sphaerocarpa Hassk. 

Staphyleaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: bangkong; Siemeuleu: langkiang etem; 

Malaysia: geretak, maba, tapong-tapong; the Philippines: laloi 

Geographical distribution: throughout Malesia except for New Guinea

Uses: house building, furniture 




237. KI BANEN 

Crypteronia paniculata Blume 

Crypteroniaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: kayu celeng; Sumatra: kayu kapas; 

Malaysia: bekoi, buah babi, ubah semut; the Philippines: tiaui, barakbok, 

malabayanas; Thailand: ka som, pi-kui, khap 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Indochina, Thailand, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines and the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for construction and house building, furniture, flooring and interior 

finishing 



238. KI BARERA 

Tetrastigma dichotomum (Blume) Planch. 

Vitaceae 

Geographical distribution: tropical and subtropical Asia and northern 

Australia 




239. KI BAWANG – PINGKU 

Dysoxylum alliaceum (Blume) Blume 

Meliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: the Moluccas: kayu bawang; Javanese: pela; 

Malaysia: beak-beka bukit, kasai tembaga, pasak lingga merah; the Philippines: 

malaaduas, miao, paria; Thailand: ta suea khao 

Geographical distribution: the Andaman Islands, Peninsular Thailand, 

throughout the Malesian region to northern Australia and the Solomon Islands 

Uses: Indonesian construction, boat construction, flooring, furniture 


References: 24, 27


240. KI BAYAWAK 

Guioa diplopetala (Hassk.) Radlk. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Tunjung Dayak - East Kalimantan: mentuga; 

Javanese: penjalinan; Malaysia: belimbing talon, gulambir ayam; Cambodia: 

chran, ko dang bai, tap yor 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Myanmar, Cambodia, southern 

Vietnam, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Sulawesi 

Uses: house construction 



241. KI BAYONGBONG 

Chrysophyllum roxburghii G. Don 

Sapotaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sulawesi: dondon gisalakino; Dayak-Kalimantan: 

pelai eilin; Malaysia: pulut-pulut; the Philippines: kalalang, buka-buka; 

Myanmar: than-kya-pin; Thailand: hua tao, nam phueng, khe phueng 

Geographical distribution: Indochina, southern China, Thailand, the Lesser 

Sunda islands 

Uses: for construction: planking, flooring, light framing, interior trim, 

panelling, partitioning, joinery, furniture, cabinet work 



242. KI BENTELI 

Kibatalia arborea (Blume) G. Don 

Apocynaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: kayu santen; Malaysia: jelutong pipit; 

the Philippines: lanete 

Geographical distribution: Indochina, Peninsular Myanmar, Thailand, 

Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines 

Uses: for medium heavy construction: musical instruments, picture frames, 

pencils slats, knife sheaths, tennis rackets and wooden shoes 


References: 24, 27

243. KI BEUNTEUR 

Leucosyke capitellata (Poir.) Wedd. 

Urticaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: jurang gunung; Kalimantan: kayu 

tepa’ei; Malaysia: the kampong, kuliat-mato, the Philippines: alagasi, lagasi 

Geographical distribution: Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi, the 

Moluccas and New Guinea 





244. KI BEUREUM 

Erythroxylum cuneatum (Miq.) Kurz 

Erythroxylaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Bangka: kayu mutoh; Sumatra: kayu urang; 

Malaysia: inai-inai, tebakan; the Philippines: baran siagau, manambo, saleng; 

Thailand: kaen daeng, krai thong, tan huan pet 

Geographical distribution: from Myanmar and the Andaman Islands through 

Indochina to Thailand and throughout the Malesian area, but not yet recorded 

on mainland New Guinea 

Uses: local house building, flooring, boat building 

All parts used for fish poison 



245. KI BEUSI 

Rhodamnia cinerea Jack 

Myrtaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: andong; Bangka: merampuyan; 

Malaysia: mempoyan bukit, menkoyan pinang; 

Myanmar: taung-kamyaing; Thailand: khee tai, phae, ya waeng 

Geographical distribution: southern Myanmar, southern Thailand, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Sumatra, Belitung, Bangka, Java and Borneo; possibly in the Moluccas 

Uses: construction of local houses 


References: 24, 27


246. KI BODAS – HURU MERANG 

Neolitsea cassiaefolia (Blume) Merr. 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: wuru lemah 


Uses: temporary construction, house building 

Used in traditional medicine; leaves used to treat scabies 



247. KI BONTENG 

Canarium hirsutum Willd. 

Burseraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: northern Sulawesi: kanari jaki; the Moluccas: 

mede-mede; Malaysia: kedondong, dammar degun, kambayau burong; the 

Philippines: dulit, bakayan, hagushus 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the 

Philippines, Sulawesi, the Moluccas, New Guinea, the Caroline Islands (Palau) 

and the Solomon Islands 

Uses: house building, doors, prahus, canoes, temporary construction 



248. KI BULU 

Gironniera subaequalis Planch. 

Ulmaceae 

Vernacular names: kasap (trade name); Indonesia: Bangka-Sumatra: siluk; 

Malaysia: medang kasap, hampas tebu 

Geographical distribution: Sri Lanka, the Andaman Islands, Myanmar, 

Indochina, southern China, Thailand, Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for interior planking, beams, flooring 



249. KI BURUNG RANA – SARENI 

Breynia racemosa (Blume) Muell. Arg. 

Euphorbiaceae

Vernacular names: Papua New Guinea: musmus; the Philippines: matang 

ulang, karmai; Thailand: kangpla 


Sumbawa, Borneo, the Philippines 





250. KI CAANG 

Archidendron ellipticum (Blume) I.C. Nielsen 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: bangkong; Sumatra: jengkol utan; 

Malaysia: jiring tupai, kabau, saga gajah; the Philippines: bugas 


Java, Borneo and the Philippines 

Uses: for light construction, interior joinery, furniture, cabinet work, canoes, 

fencing, knife handles, boxes 



251. KI CALUNGCUNG 

Astronia spectabilis Blume 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: ampet, gembirung 

Geographical distribution: Java, Sulawesi and the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for poles and planks in local house building, tool handles 



252. KI CANGKUDU 

Tarrenoidea Triveng. & Sastre 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: ki keuyeup; Javanese: wuru kudon; 

Myanmar: katmya; Thailand: lekke 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, southern 

China, the Philippines, Java 

Uses: for posts in house building




253. KI CANTUNG 

Goniothalamus macrophyllus (Blume) Hook.f. & Thoms. 

Annonaceae 

Vernacular names: Brunei: limpanas putih, linpanas puteh, talipanas puteh; 

Malaysia: akar beranak gajah, penawar hitam, lada hutan; Thailand: kaa-yoh 

braa-noh, king dok dieo, khruu dam 

Geographical distribution: Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java 

and Borneo 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for treating fevers 



254. KI CAREUH – KI CASEULI 

Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms 

Alangiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: timangan; the Philippines: bagaloan; 

Thailand: khao yen, matap lawai, phe-suea 

Geographical distribution: India, China, Thailand, the Philippines, Java and 


Uses: for house construction, furniture, cabinet work, carvings, bobbins, 

walking sticks, handicrafts 



255. KI CARULUK 

Canthium confertum Korth. 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: ki kopi; Javanese: balung; Malaysia: 

mengkoi, salang rusa, sebusok betina; Thailand: hu suea, khangten, khao kwang 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Indochina, Thailand, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Singapore and Java 

Uses: locally in house and boat building 


References: 24, 27

256. KI CENGKEH 

Urophyllum arboreum (Reinw. ex Blume) Korth. 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: the Philippines: dabdaban 

Geographical distribution: southern and eastern Asia to New Guinea 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used for treating fevers 



257. KI DAGE 

Bruinsmia styracoides Boerl. et Kds. 

Styracaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: ki hurang 



258. KI DAMAR 

Agathis damara (Lamb.) L.C. Rich. 

Araucariaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: damar sigi, kayu sigi; Javanese: 

dammar, ki dammar; Kalimantan: bindang; Malaysia: dammar minyak 

Geographical distribution: Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Moluccas 

Uses: bridge building, house building, furniture 


References: 9 


259. KI ENCOK 

Plumbago zeylanica L. 

Plumbaginaceae 

Vernacular names: Ceylon leadwort, white flowered leadwort (Eng.); 

Indonesian: daun encok; Javanese-Balinese: bama; Malaysia: jarak, cheraka; 

the Philippines: bangbang, sangdikit, talankan; Thailand: chettamun phloeng 

khaao, pit piu khaao 

Geographical distribution: tropical Africa, tropical Asia, the Pacific region 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used for rheumatism, vertigo, 

ringworm, dysuria and for abortions 

Life form and origin: herb, exotic plant 

References: 3


260. KI ENDOG 

Xanthophyllum excelsum (Blume) Miq. 

Polygalaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: endog-endogan, jerukan; the 

Philippines: banig, bok-bok, dugi; Thailand: hu yan 


Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines 

Uses: for temporary or medium heavy construction, flooring, cabinet making, 

weather-boards, boxes, tool handles, pencils 



261. KI GEMBER 

Ficus sp. 

Moraceae 

Geographical distribution: tropical and subtropical regions 


Life form and origin: indigenous plant 


262. KI GEUNTEL 

Helicia attenuata (Jack) Blume 

Proteaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: kayu pinang, serantie; Malaysia: golang 

paya, kani batu puteh buaya, ringin 


Java, Borneo and Bali 

Uses: high class furniture, cabinet work, flooring, house building 



263. KI GOONG 

Premna pubescens Blume 

Verbenaceae 



References: 8

264. KI GULA – KI GEGULA 


Dysoxylum excelsum Blume 

Meliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: kayu gula; Javanese: kedoya sapi; the Moluccas: 

komalo; Malaysia: chikeh, kulim burong; the Philippines: salakin, kunatan; 

Thailand: lao hang 

Geographical distribution: from Sri Lanka, India to Myanmar, Indochina, 

southern China, the Andaman Islands, Thailand throughout the Malesian region 

Uses: house construction, interior fitting, furniture, boat ribs, canoes, turnery, 

veneer and plywood 



265. KI HAJI 

Dysoxylum macrocarpum Blume 

Meliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: kraminan, mentaos 


Borneo, the Philippines and Sulawesi 

Uses: Indonesian construction, boat construction, high grade furniture, doors, 

window frames 



266. KI HANJUANG 

Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev. 

Agavaceae 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for dysentery and diarrhoea, 

leaves for dysentery, as an antidote to fish poison, and for headaches and cuts 


References: 8 

267. KI HAPIT 

Hypobathrum racemosum (Roxb.) Kurz 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: apit, babalan; Malaysia: kayu ekur 

gajah, tulang betina; Thailand: khan laen


Geographical distribution: southern Myanmar, southern Indochina, southern 

Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Java and Borneo 




268. KI HARENDONG 

Astronia macrophylla Blume 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: kayu lapan 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia (rare), Sumatra, Java, Borneo, 

Sulawesi, the Talaud Islands and the Moluccas 

Uses: for poles and planks in local house building 



269. KI HIA 

Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. 


Vernacular names: ear-pod wattle, tan wattle (Eng.); Indonesian: akasia 

(common); Malaysia: akasia kuning; the Philippines: Japanese acacia, auri; 

Thailand: krathin-narong 

Geographical distribution: Australia, south-western Papua New Guinea, 

Indonesia 

Uses: for house building, furniture, veneer and firewood 


References: 6 

270. KI HIUR 

Castanopsis javanica (Blume) A. DC. 

Fagaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: kalimorot, kiriung; Kalimantan: 

palele; Malaysia: berangan duri, berangan haji 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and 

western Java 

Uses: house construction 


References: 24, 27

271. KI HIYANG 


Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: tall albizia (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: wangkal, weru; 

Thailand: suan; the Philippines: akleng parang 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Indochina, southern China, Taiwan, 

Thailand, Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands, 

the Moluccas 

Uses: for house construction, bridge construction, mine timber, boat building, 

furniture, cabinet work, framework, mouldings, interior finishing, strip flooring, 

panelling, agricultural implements, carving, musical instruments, picture frames, 

ornamental boxes, matchsticks and matchboxes 



272. KI HUJAN 

Engelhardia spicata Lesch. ex Blume 

Juglandaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: kayu hujan; Malaysia: dungun paya, 

sansanglang, tansanglang; Papua New Guinea: engel; the Philippines: lupisan; 

Thailand: kha hot 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Indochina, Taiwan, Thailand, the 

Malesian region, Borneo 

Uses: light construction, planking, mouldings, canoe building 



273. KI HUNI 

Antidesma tetrandrum Blume 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: nuni; Javanese: wuni; the Philippines: bignai; 

Myanmar: kinbalin; Thailand: mao, mamo, sommao 

Geographical distribution: tropical Africa, Madagascar, Asia 

Uses: for temporary construction, poles, posts 


References: 27


274. KI HURANG 

Perrottetia alpestris (Blume) Loes. 

Celastraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: kayu musang; Javanese: kemalon; 

Malaysia: kayu tungas, maesa; the Philippines: balakbakan, bubayug, tigaundako 

Geographical distribution: China, Taiwan, the Malesian region, the Lesser 

Sunda Islands 

Uses: for turnery, carvings 



275. KI HUUT 

Glochidion molle Blume 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: dempul lelet; Makassar: impoh; 

the Philippines: bugna, ubal, piaas 

Geographical distribution: Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi, the Moluccas 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves and latex used for dysentery, fevers, 

dysuria and haematuria, and as an antidote to snake bites and dog poisoning 



276. KI JARAN 

Dolichandrone spathacea (L.f.) K. Schum. 

Bignoniaceae 

Vernacular names: mangrove trumpet tree (Eng.); Indonesian: kayu kuda; 

Sumatra: tui; Malaysia: tui, daun tuwai, taring buaya; the Philippines: pata, 

tanghas, tiui; Myanmar: thakut; Thailand: khae nam, khae pa, khae thale 

Geographical distribution: Indochina, Thailand, the Malesian region 

Uses: for wooden shoes, household utensils, pattern making, scabbards 

and masks 



277. KI JEBUG – LUNGLUM 

Polyosma integrifolia Blume 

Saxifragaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: beleber


Geographical distribution: Indochina, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, 

Sumatra, Java, Borneo and New Guinea 

Uses: for temporary construction, house building, furniture, interior trim, 

mouldings, decorative wall panelling, wooden shoes, tool handles, sporting goods, 

toys, packing cases and boxes 



278. KI JEUNGKIL 

Celtis tetrandra Roxb. 

Ulmaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumbawa: pusu; Javanese: teritih; Myanmar: 

thipok; Thailand: hat, khenon khai, ma haat 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Indochina, Thailand, northern Sumatra, 

Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for construction, bridge construction, decking, industrial flooring, exterior 

joinery, window sills, marine piles, railway sleepers 



279. KI JOMBANG 

Polyosma longipes Koord. & Valeton 

Saxifragaceae 


Uses: for local house building 



280. KI KADANCA 

Platea latifolia Blume 

Icacinaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Batak-Sumatra: kaci pako; Javanese: wuru; 

Malaysia: kadongdong, kadongdong herong; Thailand: man mu 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Indochina, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, 

Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines 

Uses: locally for interior construction 


References: 24, 27


281. KI KADU 

Fagraea elliptica Roxburgh 

Loganiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: tembesu ketam; Ambon: tonki-tonki; 

Malaysia: tembesu, prapat padang 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, western Java, 

Borneo, Sulawesi, the Moluccas and New Guinea 

Uses: important source of tembesu timber, house and bridge building 



282. KI KAJERU – KI JANGKAR 

Memecylon intermedium Blume 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: ketam 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and Borneo 

Uses: for local house building, temporary construction, ship and boat building, 

furniture, tool handles and walking sticks 



283. KI KAWAT 

Memecylon garcinioides Blume 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: temberas talang, timbras kemuning; 

Malaysia: bangas merah, jenitan, sial menahun 



Uses: for local house building, ship and boat building, furniture 



284. KI KEMANDEN 

Scolopia spinosa (Roxb.) Warb. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: rukem karang; Sumatra: rukem putih; 

Malaysia: piring, rotiom andu, rukam hutan bini

Geographical distribution: The Nicobar Islands, Myanmar, Indochina, 

Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines 

Uses: locally for house building and fencing 




285. KI KEPER 

Engelhardtia spicata Lesch. ex Blume 

Juglandaceae 

Vernacular names: great Malay beam (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: marasawa, 

mesawa; the Philippines: ped-ped; Thailand: duuk naao, ket lin 

Geographical distribution: from India to Indochina, Thailand, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines and the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for light construction, planking, posts, agricultural implements, 

mouldings, packing cases, canoe building 



286. KI KEUYEUP 

Euonymus javanicus Blume 

Celastraceae 

Vernacular names: spindle tree (Eng.); Indonesia: Sumatra: awa kudangkudang; 

Javanese: jerukan; Malaysia: belimbing hutan, belungkas, kemuning 

ayer; the Philippines: malasangki, talangutingon; Thailand: khao kwang, 

kraduuk kai 

Geographical distribution: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Myanmar, 

southern Vietnam, Peninsular Thailand and throughout the Malesian region 

Uses: for house building, temporary construction, bridge building and 

light furniture 



287. KI KONENG 

Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: areuy gember; Javanese: peron; 

Bangka: akar mangkedun; Malaysia: sekunyit, akar kunyit, war birar; Thailand: 

kam-phaeng chetchan, kamin krua, kumin kua


Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Brunei, Sumatra, Java, 

Kalimantan, north-eastern Sulawesi, and the Philippines 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; stems for conjunctivitis, dysentery, diabetes 

and chancres, bark used as dye, leaves for treating headaches 



288. KI KOPO 

Syzygium pycnanthum Merrill & Perry 

Myrtaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: kelampok; Sundanese: kopo, kopo lalay, 

kukupaan 



289. KI KOREJAT – DAUN TOLO 

Laurentia longiflora (L.) Peterm. 

Campanulaceae 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used for treating toothache 


References: 8 

290. KI KORES 

Psychotria jackii Hook.f. 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Belitung: tenam betul; Malaysia: jarum-jarum, 

julong-julong bukit, sepanggang 

Geographical distribution: India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and Borneo 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; all parts for dermatosis 



291. KI KUWAT – KATUMPANG LEMAH 

Polygala paniculata L. 

Polygalaceae 

Vernacular names: jukut rindik, sasapuan


Geographical distribution: Southeast Asia, native to tropical America 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used for cuts and all parts for lumbago 

and gonorrhoea 



292. KI KUYA – CARATAN 

Aporosa arborea (Blume) Mull. Arg. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: wuru dedek 



Uses: for local house construction, furniture 



293. KI LABAN 

Vitex pinnata L. 

Verbenaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: leban; Sundanese: heras, laban, laban kunyit, 

laban tanduk; Indonesian: laban; Kalimantan: kalapapa; Sulawesi: gulimpapa; 

Malaysia: leban tandok, leban buas, kulim papa; the Philippines: hairy-leafed 

molave; Myanmar: kyetyoh; Thailand: tinnok, samo-tinpet 

Geographical distribution: India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, 

Indochina, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, the 

Lesser Sunda Islands, the Philippines 

Uses: for local construction, boats and implements. Also for local medicine; the 

leaves and bark used to treat stomach aches 



294. KI LAHUNG 

Nothaphoebe macrocarpa (Blume) Kosterm. 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Madurese: bang gunong; Javanese: pajar gunung 


Uses: for house building, interior finishing and furniture




295. KI LAJA – KI SIGEUNG 

Platymitra macrocarpa Boerl. 

Annonaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: kalak kembang; Malaysia: mangitan; 

Thailand: ham chang, hua chang 

Geographical distribution: Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and 

West Java 

Uses: for interior construction, ship and boat building, furniture, agricultural 

implements, tool handles, packing cases, matchboxes 



296. KI LAKA 

Myristica iners Blume 

Myristicaceae 

Vernacular names: kayu luo, laka; Malaysia: penarahan arang; Thailand: chandaeng, 

chan-pa 

Geographical distribution: southern Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Peninsular 


Uses: cheap furniture, flooring, mouldings 



297. KI LALAYU 

Arytera littoralis Blume 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Balinese: kayu sampi; Javanese: penjalinan; 

Malaysia: bedara emping, kelayu hitam, tampong kechil; the Philippines: alas 

an; Thailand: seefan 

Geographical distribution: Indochina, Thailand, the Malesian region, the 

Solomon Islands 

Uses: for local house construction and fencing




298. KI LAYU – KI LALAYU LALAKI 

Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl) Radlk. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: katilayu watu; Malaysia: arit-arit, 

bansisi, jung; the Philippines: bayag-daga, sarakag-tilos, pospos; Thailand: ma 

fueang chang, ma fueang pa, ma kham de khwai 


Malaysia, Sumatra, western Java, Borneo, the Philippines 

Uses: for house posts, tool handles and firewood 



299. KI LAYU GUNUNG 

Lepisanthes senegalensis (Poir.) Leenh. 


Vernacular names: Indonesian: kelayu gunung (common); Javanese: wregil 

ireng; Malaysia: kelinga gaba, melingkat; the Philippines: balinono-kitid, onaba; 

Thailand: ma wo 

Geographical distribution: Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Indochina, Thailand, 


Uses: for house posts, tool handles and firewood 



300. KI LEHO – KI LEHO BENTANG 

Saurauaia bracteosa DC. 

Actinidiaceae 


Life form and origin: shrub/small tree, indigenous plant 

References: 8


301. KI MANJEUL – HURU MANJEL 

Gordonia exselsa Blume 

Theaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: madang kataping 

Geographical distribution: Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali), Sulawesi, 

Borneo (Kalimantan, Brunei, Sabah) 

Uses: for construction, doors, window frames, flooring, planking, cheap furniture 



302. KI MERAK 

Weinmannia blumei Planch. 

Cunnoniaceae 

Vernacular names: Malayan mountain ash (Eng.); Indonesia: Batak-Sumatra: 

antahasi; Javanese: gringging 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, 

Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas, New Guinea, and the 


Uses: Indonesian construction, production of pulp and paper 



303. KI MEYONG 

Mallotus philippensis (Lamk) Mull. Arg. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: kamala tree, monkey face tree (Eng.); Indonesia: Ternate: 

galuga furu; Javanese: kapasan; Malaysia: rambai kuching, kasirau, minyak 

madja; the Philippines: banato, pangaplasin, tagusala; Thailand: kai khat hin, 

kham saet 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Indochina, Thailand, throughout the 


Uses: for temporary construction (poles), matchsticks, wooden shoes, 

packing cases. 

Also used in traditional medicine 


References: 11, 27

304. KI MOKLA 


Knema intermedia (Blume) Warb. 

Myristicaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: kajeng rah; South Sumatra: kayu 

simpai; Malaysia: pala paya, pendarah paya, pendarahan kikek 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, West Java 

and Borneo 

Uses: house building, flooring, boat building and for plywood production 



305. KI NANGSI 

Villebrunea rubescens Blume 

Urticaceae 

Vernacular names: jurang; Javanese: urang-urangan; Madurese: palangunan 

Geographical distribution: India, Java, Sumatra 



References: 8 

306. KI ORAY 

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wallich ex Nees 

Acanthaceae 

Vernacular names: creat, green chireta (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: sambilata; 

Padang: ampadu; the Philippines: aluy, lekha, sinta; Thailand: fa thalaai, kheepang-hee, 

yaa kannguu 

Geographical distribution: Indochina, China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, 

Indonesia, the Philippines and Australia 



References: 3 

307. KI PADALI 

Radermachera gigantea (Blume) Miq. 

Bignoniaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: padali; Javanese: kedali; Sumatra: raja 

matan; the Philippines: agtap, sayo


Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Sumatra, Java, Borneo 

(Kalimantan), the Philippines, the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: house building, furniture 



308. KI PAHIT 

Radermachera glandulosa (Blume) Miq. 

Bignoniaceae 

Vernacular names: hill fox-glove tree (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: ambal; 

Minangkabau-Sumatra: tuwi gadang; Malaysia: lempoyang; Thailand: hu wua, 

pheka pu 

Geographical distribution: Indochina, southern China, Thailand, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Sumatra and Java 

Uses: for house building, furniture, cabinets, carvings, matchboxes 

and matchsticks 



309. KI PANCAR 

Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don 

Podocarpaceae 

Vernacular names: sentada, taji, seban; Sundanese: handalaksa, ki bima, ki 

malela; Javanese: taji, wuluan 

Geographical distribution: Nepal, India, Indochina and Thailand 

Uses: cabinet and furniture making, as a traditional medicine for treating 

rheumatism and arthritis 


310. KI PARE – MAREME 

Glochidion rubrum Blume 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: glochidion, pin-flower tree (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: 

dempul; Malaysia: obar nasi, ubah, ubar; the Philippines: bagna, salanisin; 

Singapore: ubah merah; Thailand: khrai mot 


throughout the Malesian region

Uses: for house building (poles, tool handles) 




311. KI PARE LALAKI 

Glochidion obscurum (Roxb. ex Willd.) Blume 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: yellow-leaved pin-flower tree (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: 

uris-urisan, cabuk; Malaysia: cheremai antan, dulang-dulang, ubah paya; 

Thailand: khram, ma rua, ruat 


Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for building traditional and temporary houses. 




312. KI PELA 

Chisocheton microcarpus K. et V. 

Meliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: kayu gula; Malaysia: jerai, sentol kera; the 

Philippines: katong-matsin, katong maching 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Thailand and throughout Malesia except 

New Guinea 

Uses: for light construction, ship and boat building, interior finishing, furniture, 

cabinet work, mouldings, boxes, toys, crates 



313. KI PELAH 

Canarium kipella Miq. 

Burseraceae 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo 

Uses: for house building, door and window frames, flooring, mouldings, 

interior finishing, boxes, furniture, joinery, prahus and canoes 


References: 12, 24


314. KI PEUEUT 

Dissochaeta leprosa (Blume) Blume 




References: 8 

315. KI PUTRI 

Calophyllum dasypodum Miq. 

Clusiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: mersaweu; Javanese: ki putri 

Geographical distribution: southern Sumatra, western Java and 

southern Kalimantan 




316. KI RACUN 

Luvunga sarmentosa (Blume) Kurz 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: tembesi, akar keping 

Geographical distribution: from Myanmar to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, 





317. KI RAWA 

Chionanthus macrocarpus Blume 

Oleaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: ki boled; Sumatra: medang tui; 

Malaysia: kerdam 


Uses: locally for construction (planks, posts) and boat building 


References: 24, 27

318. KI RINYU 


Chromolaena ordorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Robinson 

Asteraceae 

Vernacular names: Siam weed, Christmas bush, goat weed (Eng.); Malaysia: 

Siam weed, pokok kapal terbang; the Philippines: devil weed, gonoi; Myanmar: 

bi-zat, tawbizat; Thailand: sapsua, ya-suamop 

Geographical distribution: from the Western Ghats in India throughout 

Indochina and Malesia to south-eastern Australia and the Mariana Islands 

in the east 




319. KI RONYOK – RIUNG ANAK 

Castanopsis acuminatissima (Blume) A. DC. 

Fagaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: kiriung, riung anak; Javanese: 

meranak; Papua New Guinea: New Guinea oak, white oak; Thailand: ko-duai, 

ko-soi, ko-mat 

Geographical distribution: north-eastern India, Indochina, China, Taiwan, 

Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, northern Sumatra (rare), western Java, Borneo 

(Sabah), Sulawesi, New Guinea (quite common) and New Britain 

Uses: furniture, bridges, flooring, plywood, boat building and firewood 



320. KI RUJUG 

Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: kayu semidra, sarirah; Malaysia: ketiak, 

memali, tengkorak biawak; the Philippines: uto; Cambodia: kramol, panol; 

Laos: cavi, mak thao sang; Thailand: ka uam, kra bueang thuai, yaa krong 

Geographical distribution: from Sri Lanka and India to Nepal, Myanmar, 

Indochina, southern China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, 

Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi 

Uses: for building temporary houses 


References: 20, 27


321. KI SAAT 

Neonauclea excelsa (Blume) Merr. 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: klepu ketek 

Geographical distribution: the Andaman Islands, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, 

Sulawesi and the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for construction, bridge building, window sills, flooring, boat building, 

joinery, furniture, cabinet work, posts, poles, implements and packaging 



322. KI SAMPANG 

Melicope latifolia (DC.) T. Hartley 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: sampang; Malaysia: pauh-pauh, pepauh, serang; 

Myanmar: thipyu; Thailand: phia krating 

Geographical distribution: from Madagascar to Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, 

Indochina, southern China, Thailand, throughout Malesia 

Uses: for mouldings, interior trim, plain furniture, cabinet work, dowels, clog 

soles, wall panelling, fruit cases 



323. KI SAOH 

Ilex cymosa Blume 

Aquifoliaceae 

Vernacular names: marsh holly (Eng.); Indonesian: mensira gunung; 

Sundanese: ki sekel; Malaysia: bengkulat, timah-timah; Brunei: bengkulat; 

the Philippines: pait; Thailand: sai khe tai, se-ko 


Borneo and the Philippines 



References: 20, 27

324. KI SAPI 

Adinandra sarosanthera Miq. 

Theaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Lampung (Sumatra): kelutum basarang; 

Palembang (Sumatra): kapa anjing; Malaysia: kelat pamah, petuta bukit, 

pongpong raya 


and Borneo 

Uses: for construction, flooring, door and window frames, furniture 




325. KI SAPILAN 

Calophyllum venulosum Zoll. 

Guttiferae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: ki sapilan 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, West Java, Borneo 

and the Philippines 

Uses: for light construction, flooring, mouldings, decking, panelling, joinery, 

furniture, veneer, plywood, wooden pallets, boat construction and diving boards 



326. KI SAPU – HURU BEYAS 

Lindera polyantha (Blume) Boerl. 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: wuru janggeuy; Malaysia: medang serai 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java 

Uses: for house building, temporary construction, pallets and boxes 



327. KI SARIAWAN 

Symplocos odoratissima (Blume) Choisy ex Zoll. 

Symplocaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: sarigintung; Balinese: udu; 

the Philippines: duung, himamaliu, mangkunai


Geographical distribution: throughout the Malesian region 

Uses: for light and temporary construction, posts, turnery, furniture, 

matchsticks and carvings. 

Also used in traditional medicine; bark and leaves used for treating aphtha, 

fevers, toothache and dysentery 



328. KI SESEMAT 

Lindera bibracteata (Blume) Boerl. 

Lauraceae 


Uses: for house building, temporary construction, boxes, railway sleepers 



329. KI SEUHEUR 

Antidesma tetrandrum Blume 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: wuni peucang; Javanese: ande-andean 

Geographical distribution: Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi; possibly also in 

Peninsular Malaysia 

Uses: temporary construction, poles, posts 



330. KI SEUNGIT 

Premna integrifolia L. 

Verbenaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Balinese: babon; Javanese: singkil alas; Malaysia: 

buas-buas, pokok buru hantu; the Philippines: alagau dagat; Myanmar: taungtangyi 

Geographical distribution: India, Indochina, China, Japan, Taiwan, Myanmar, 

Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, the Philippines, the Moluccas 

Uses: for construction, house building, household implements, agricultural 

implements and furniture 


References: 27

331. KI SINGUGUH KAYU 


Siphonodon celastrineus Griff. 

Celastraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: danoklot kepu; Sulawesi: indohe 

hapute; Malaysia: kalantaid; the Philippines: malagsak; Myanmar: myaukokshit; 

Thailand: ma duk, yai pluak 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, throughout 

the Malesian region and Australia 

Uses: for construction, turnery, interior finishing, utensils, carving, drawing 

instruments, firewood 



332. KI SIREUM 

Syzygium lineatum (DC.) Merr. & Perry 

Myrtaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: kayu udang; Javanese: nagasari 

rangkang; Malaysia: kelat lapis, kelat puteh, kelat merah; the Philippines: lagilagi; 

Thailand: khwat, phung kha, daeng song plueak 


Malaysia, Sumatra, western Java, Borneo and the Philippines 

Uses: house building 



333. KI SOKA 

Ixora grandifolia Z. & M. 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: pink river ixora (Eng.); Malaysia: jarum hutan, kelat tandok, 

segading jantan; Thailand: khem yai 

Geographical distribution: Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, Thailand, 

Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka and Borneo 

Uses: for walking sticks, beams in house building 


References: 24, 27


334. KI SOMANG 

Sloanea sigun (Blume) K. Schumann 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: landakan; Sumatra: sib ala kayu; 

Thailand: ko rian, ngoh pa, sati ton 


and Borneo 

Uses: for interior construction, interior trim, flooring, furniture, cabinet work, 

joinery, mouldings, packing boxes and toys 



335. KI TAJAS 

Mastixia rostrata Blume 

Cornaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: daun kayu tenjo; Malaysia: patoli 

entelit 


Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: timber used locally for temporary house construction 



336. KI TAMBAGA – PANGSOR 

Distylium stellare O.K. 

Hamamelidaceae 

Vernacular names: ki tambaga, sirom; Javanese: serut, picis 

Geographical distribution: Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia (Pahang: Cameron 

highlands), Sumatra, Java, Gedeh and The Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: timber for house construction 


337. KI TAMIANG 

Celtis cinnamomea Lindl. ex Planch. 

Ulmaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: cengkek; Sumatra: ki tondok; the 

Philippines: malatae, malabutulan, takulao; Myanmar: kabaung; Thailand: 

kaeng khe phra ruang, mon dong, tai mai than thao


Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Indochina, Thailand, Sumatra, Java, 

Borneo, the Philippines, the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for construction, bridge construction, decking, industrial flooring, exterior 

joinery, window sills, railway sleepers 



338. KI TANAH 

Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: Indian ivy-rue (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: kayu lemah; 

Madurese: kayu tana; Malaysia: hantu duri; the Philippines: kayutana, kaitana, 

kasabang; Myanmar: kathit-pyu; Thailand: kamehat ton, luk ra mat, ma khuang 


Malaysia, Java, the Philippines, Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for house building, furniture, boxes, carvings 



339. KI TEJA 

Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: clove cinnamon, wild cinnamon (Eng.); Indonesia: 

Belitung: medang kalong; Madurese: kacengal; Malaysia: medang teja, kayu 

manis hutan, teja lawang 


Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi and the southern Philippines 

Uses: cabinet work, house building 



340. KI TEKE – KITEK 

Myrica javanica Reinw. ex Blume 

Myricaceae 

Uses: temporary timber tree, fuel. Edible fruit 


References: 24


341. KI TERONG 

Schoutenia kunstleri King 

Tiliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: durenan, sinduk 

Geographical distribution: Central Java 

Uses: for house building, tool handles, agricultural implements, sporting goods 

and pegs for boat construction 



342. KI TIMBUL – MAREME 

Glochidion rubrum Blume 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: red-berried pin-flower tree (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: 

dempul lelet; Malaysia: gambiran, senkam, tetimah; the Philippines: bagnangpula; 

Thailand: chum set, khat na 


Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines, 

Sulawesi and the Moluccas 

Uses: for building traditional and temporary houses. Also used in traditional 

medicine; leaves used for coughs and as an expectorant 



343. KI TIWU 

Meliosma lanceolata Blume 

Sabiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: ki suren leuweng; Batak (Sumatra): 

kabung-kabung; Malaysia: medang siri; Thailand: soi mole 

Geographical distribution: the Nicobar Islands, Myanmar, Peninsular 

Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, West Java and Borneo 

Uses: for boards in house building 


References: 24, 27

344. KI TIWU LALAKI 


Meliosma pinnata (Roxb.) Maxim. 

Sabiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: gempong; Sumatra: sekapong; the 

Philippines: agogos, arokong, mungapong; Myanmar: pet-kanon; Thailand: 

mayom hin, phayom dong 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, China, Japan, Thailand and throughout 

the Malesian region 

Uses: for boards in traditional house building 



345. KI TULANG 

Chionanthus nitens K. et V. 

Olecaceae 


Uses: locally for construction (planks and posts), boat building. 




346. KI TUNGKUL 

Polygala venenosa Juss. ex Poir. 

Polygalaceae 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; all parts used for poison 


References: 8 

347. KI UNCAL 

Claoxylon longifolium (Blume) Endl. ex Hassk. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: ki leat 


References: 24


348. KI URAT 

Plantago major L. 

Plantaginaceae 

Vernacular names: great plantain, waybread, nipple grass (Eng.); Indonesian: 

daun sendok, daun urat; Malaysia: ekor anjing; the Philippines: lanting, lantin, 

lanting haba, ilantin 

Geographical distribution: the tropics (in montane regions) 


Life form and origin: herb, exotic plant 

References: 3 

349. KI WALEN 

Ficus ribes Reinw. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: ampelas bawang 


Uses: used in traditional medicine; bark used for treating malaria, leaves for 

diarrhoea, and gum as an anthelmintic 



350. KI WATES 

Eurya acuminata DC. 

Theaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: ki jalantir, ki sapu, ki tamiang; 

Javanese: lingsangan; Sumatra: sala; Malaysia: medang melukut jantan, jerak 

merah, kelantang; Thailand: rangkai, plaisan 

Geographical distribution: India, Sri Lanka, southwest China, Taiwan, 

Thailand, within the Malesian area in Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java 

and Sulawesi 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used for organic fertiliser and for 

poulticing skin eruptions 


References: 6, 24

351. KOKOPIAN 

Morinda tomentosa Roth 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: mengkudu padang; Sundanese: ki kopi 




352. KONDANG 

Ficus variegata Blume 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: common red stem fig (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese-Balinese: 

gondang; Sumba: kanjilu; Malaysia: ara kelepong, ara kelumpong; the 

Philippines: tangisang-bayauak; Thailand: phuuk 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Indochina, China, the Andaman 

Islands, Thailand, throughout the Malesian region 


fruit crates, floats and firewood. Also used in traditional medicine; roots for 

antidote, bark for dysentery, fruit for food and to treat dysentery, and gum 

for cuts 



353. KONENG 

Curcuma domestica Valeton 


Vernacular names: turmeric (Eng.); Indonesian: kunyit; Javanese: kunir, kunir 

bentis, temu kuning; Madurese: konyek, temo koneng; Brunei: kunyit, temu 

kuning, temu kunyit; Malaysia: kunyit, temu kunyit, tius, the Philippines: 

dilaw, kalabaga, kunik; Thailand: khamin, khamin kaeng, khamin chan 

Geographical distribution: India and Southeast Asia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; rhizomes as a spice and for treating 

appendicitis, metritis, tonsillitis, asthma, chancres, toothache, rheumatism, 

anemia, hypertension. 


References: 3, 8


354. KONENG GEDE 

Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: temu lawak; Madurese: temu labak; 

Malaysia: temu lawas, temu raya; Thailand: wan chakmotluk 

Geographical distribution: Java, Peninsular Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; rhizome used as dye, for treating malaria, 

diarrhoea, anaemia and as an anthelmintic 


References: 3 

355. KOWAS 

Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. 


Vernacular names: velvet bean (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: kara benguk, the 

Moluccas: kara juleh, Malaysia: kacang babi, kekaras gatal, the Philippines: 

nipai, hipoi, sabawel, Thailand: mamui 

Geographical distribution: Throughout all tropical regions including 

tropical Asia 




356. KUCUBUNG 

Datura metel L. 

Solanaceae 

Vernacular names: Downy thorn apple, metel thorn apple (Eng.); Indonesian: 

kecubung; Javanese: kacubung; Brunei: kecupong; Malaysia: kechubong, 

kechubong puteh, kechubing hitam; the Philippines: talong-punay, 

kamkamaulau, katchibong; Thailand: ma khuea bo, lamphong, liak 

Geographical distribution: Indochina, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Brunei, 

Java, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea 



References: 3

357. KUMIS KUCING 


Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miquel 

Labiatae 

Vernacular names: Java tea (Eng.); Indonesian: kumis kucing; Javanese: remuk 

jung; Malaysia: kumis kucing; the Philippines: balbas-pusa, kabling-gubat; 

Thailand: yaa nuat maeo 

Geographical distribution: from India, Indochina and Thailand through Malesia 



References: 3 

358. KURAY 

Trema orientalis (L.) Blume 

Ulmaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: angrung; Minahasa: dehong, intil, 

tayapu, samaki 

Geographical distribution: widespread, east tropical Africa to Polynesia, north 

to Japan, south to Queensland 

Uses: used in traditional medicine and for house building (poles, door and 

window frames) 


References: 8 

359. LAJA 

Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. 


Vernacular names: galanga, greater galangal (Eng.); Indonesian: langkuas; 

Javanese: laos; Malaysia: lengkuas, puar; the Philippines: langkauas, pal-la; 

Myanmar: padagoji; Thailand: kha, kha yuak, katuk karohinee 

Geographical distribution: tropical Southeast Asian countries, also in China 

and Suriname 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; rhizomes as a stomachic and for anorexia 


References: 30


360. LAJA GOWAH – LALAJAAN 

Catimbium malaccensis (Burm.f.) Holtt. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: the Moluccas: langkuas Malaka; Lampung: 

susuk; Malaysia: puar, bangle; the Philippines: tagbak babae, barapat, birao-birao; 

Thailand: kha paa 

Geographical distribution: India to Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; rhizomes used for boils, fruit for soap, food 

and as an antiemetic 



361. LAMBARAN 

Cathormion umbellatum (Vahl) Kosterm. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: lom; Thailand: ma kham khaek, 

rakam pa 

Geographical distribution: Indochina, Thailand, Sumatra, Java, the Lesser 

Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, the Moluccas 




362. LAME 

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. 

Apocynaceae 

Vernacular names: pulai, kayu gabus, kayu susu 

Geographical distribution: throughout Malesia, Queensland, the Solomon 

Islands, India and southern China 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots for chancres, bark for fevers, 

dermatosis, diabetes, malaria and hypertension 


References: 8 

363. LAMPENI BADAK 

Ardisia lurida Blume 

Myrsinaceae

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: matah ketam gajah 

Geographical distribution: Java, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia 





364. LAMPENI GEDE 

Ardisia sanguinolenta Blume 

Myrsinaceae 

Vernacular names: Malaysia: mata pelandok, kayu mata buah, sumpoh 

lumpok; Thailand: ma cham kong, kraduk kai, ai ram yai 


Malaysia, Singapore and Java 




365. LAMPUYANG 

Zingiber aromaticum Val. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: lempuyang wangi; Madurese: 

lampojang ruum; Malaysia: lampoyang, lempoyang, tepus 

Geographical distribution: India, Sri Lanka, China, throughout Southeast Asia 




366. LANGIR 

Lepisanthes amoena (Hassk.) Leenh. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: South Sumatra: buah sobo; Brunei: kelampa 

sowa; Malaysia: kayu mata hari 

Geographical distribution: Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, the Lesser Sunda 

Islands, Peninsular Malaysia, Brunei 



References: 31


367. LENGSU 

Baccaurea lanceolata (Miq.) Mull. Arg. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: green rambai (Eng.); Indonesia: Kalimantan: lompayang; 

Malaysia: asam pahong, medang kelelawar, mempaung; Thailand: som huuk, som lok 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, 


Uses: for poles in traditional house construction, boat building, furniture 

and boxes 



368. LEUKSA 

Ficus septica Burm.f. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: awar-awar; Sundanese: ki ciyat; Sulawesi: tagalolo; 

Papua New Guinea: omia, manibwohebwahe, bahuerueru; the Philippines: hauili, 

kauili, sio 

Geographical distribution: the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, throughout Malesia except 

for Peninsular Malaysia, northern Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots as an antidote and antiemetic and for treating 

asthma 



369. LEUNCA 

Solanum nigrum L. 

Solanaceae 

Vernacular names: black nightshade, common nightshade, garden nightshade 

(Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: ranti; Ternate: bobose; Malaysia: ranti, terong meranti, 

terong parachichit; the Philippines: konti, anti, kuti; Thailand: ma waeng nok, ya 

tom tok, kha om 

Geographical distribution: Europe and western Asia, North America, Africa, Asia 

and Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leave used as a tonic, fruit and leaves used for 

conjunctivitis and dysuria 


References: 3

370. LEUNGSAR 


Pometia pinnata J.R. Forster & G. Forster 


Vernacular names: kasai daun kecil 

Geographical distribution: common along hill forest streams in the Andaman 

Islands, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines, the Moluccas and Papua 


Uses: for timber for construction, furniture 



371. LIMO 

Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. 

Lauraceae 





372. LOKWAT – PAPALAAN 

Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. 

Rosaceae 

Vernacular names: loquat (Eng.); Malaysia: lokwat, paginggong; Thailand: pipae 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Java and the Philippines 

Uses: for musical instruments. Fruit is eaten fresh or preserved as jam or jelly 



373. LOWA 

Ficus racemosa L. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: blue fig, figwood (Eng.); Indonesia: Madurese: arah; 

Javanese: lo; Myanmar: mayen; Thailand: duea kliang, duea nam, maduea 

uthumphon 

Geographical distribution: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indochina, 

southern China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, 

Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands


Uses: for temporary construction, mouldings, interior work, laundry tubs, fruit 

crates, firewood 



374. MAHONI 

Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. 

Meliaceae 

Uses: for house building, poles, flooring, window and door frames, furniture 


Life form and origin: tree, exotic plant from tropical America, cultivated 


375. MAJA 

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa 

Rutaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: maja batu; Malaysia: bilak, bila, bel; the 

Philippines: bael; Thailand: matum 

Geographical distribution: The Indian peninsular, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, 

Bangladesh to Indochina, Southeast Asia (Thailand, Malaysia, eastern Java) 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; bark used for treating dysentery, flowers for 

scenting water 

Life form and origin: crowned tree, exotic plant 

References: 8 

376. MANDALAKSA 

Platea excelsa Blume 

Icacinaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Batak-Sumatra: balunan; Javanese: gempel; 

the Philippines: kalisan, kaliso 

Geographical distribution: throughout the Malesian region, east to the 

Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain) 

Uses: locally for house construction 


References: 27

377. MANGENDEUH 


Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Lour.) v. Tiegh. 

Loranthaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: benalu; Javanese: kamaduhan; Malaysia: dedalu 

api jantan, api-api jantan; Thailand: pa, prathat nuan 

Geographical distribution: from the Himalaya to Indochina, southern China, 

Thailand and throughout the Malesian region 


Life form and origin: parasitic shrub, indigenous plant 


378. MANGGA 

Mangifera indica L. 

Anacardiaceae 

Vernacular names: mango (Eng.); Indonesian: mempelam; Malaysia: mangga, 

mempelam, ampelam; Papua New Guinea: mango; the Philippines: mangga, 

paho, mango; Myanmar: tharyetthi; Thailand: mamuang 


Uses: main product is fruit, but the wood is used for construction and outdoor 

applications 



379. MANGGA PARI 

Mangifera laurina Blume 

Anacardiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: pelem kecik; Kalimantan-Sumatra: 

empelem; Malaysia: mempelam, emplam, mangga anyer; the Philippines: apali; 

Myanmar: thayet-thee-nee; Thailand: mamuang kaleng, mamuang khee kwaang 

Geographical distribution: from Peninsular Thailand to Papua New Guinea, 

Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java 

Uses: main product is fruit, but the wood is used for construction and outdoor 

applications 


References: 31


380. MANGGONG 

Macaranga rhizinoides (Blume) Muell. Arg. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: mahang manggong; Sundanese: mara bangkong; Javanese: 

tutup; Sundanese: huru angin, mara 


Uses: interior trim, mouldings, packing cases 



381. MANGGU LEUWEUNG 

Garcinia celebica L. 

Clusiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: baros; Sulawesi: kirasa 

Geographical distribution: Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda 

Islands and the Moluccas 

Uses: for temporary construction, poles, interior trim, furniture and fencing 



382. MANGLID 

Manglietia glauca Blume 

Magnoliaceae 

Vernacular names: mountain chempaka (Eng.); Indonesia: Sumatra: cempaka 

hutan; Javanese: cempaka jahe; Malaysia: cempaka hutan 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Bali 

Uses: for light construction, bridge building, flooring, door panels, packing 

cases, furniture, cabinet work 



383. MARA 

Macaranga tanarius (L.) Mull. Arg. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Ambon: hanuwa; Javanese: tutup ancur; 

Malaysia: kundoh, mahang puteh, tampu; the Philippines: binunga, himindang, 

kuyonon; Thailand: hu chang lek, lo khao, mek


Geographical distribution: from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and 

Indochina to China, Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, Thailand, throughout the 

Malesian region to northern Australia and Melanesia 

Uses: for light framing, moulding, packing cases, outriggers for canoes. Also 

used in traditional medicine; bark used for dysentery and leaves for dye 



384. MARA BODAS – MARA BEUREUM – MARA DELAN 

Macaranga triloba (Blume) Mull. Arg. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: common mahang (Eng.); Indonesia: Sumatra: mahang 

kukur; Javanese: tutup ancur; Malaysia: landas bukit, mahang merah, mahang 

tekukur; the Philippines: bula-bula; Brunei: marakubong, sedaman; Thailand: 

low khao, lo ngaam, salapang 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines 

Uses: for interior trim, mouldings, packing cases. Also used in traditional 

medicine; leaves for diarrhoea, gum for glue 



385. MARANGINAN 

Dysoxylum parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm. 

Meliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: kulut; Javanese: langsep alas; the 

Philippines: bagolan, lambayan, malasaging 

Geographical distribution: Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Taiwan, the Philippines, 

Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas 

Uses: for construction, boat construction, heavy decking, flooring, posts, 

doors, window frames, interior finishing, decorative wall panelling, high grade 

furniture, cabinet work, tool handles, matchboxes 


References: 27


386. MAREME 

Glochidion borneense (Mull. Arg.) Boerl. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: dempul lelet; Malaysia: obah nasi 


Uses: for building traditional and temporary houses 



387. MAREME GEDE 

Glochidion arborescens Blume 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Bangka: rebambong; Malaysia: kayu ubah, pokok 

kerenam, ubah paya; Myanmar: yuandong 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular 


Uses: for building traditional and temporary houses 



388. MEMENIRAN 

Phyllanthus niruri L. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: lagoon spurge (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: meniran 

Geographical distribution: Vietnam, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, 

Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Pacific Islands 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used for treating epilepsy, malaria, 

constipation, hypertension, aphtha and menstrual disorders, roots for 

abdominalgia and toothache 


References: 3 

389. MENTENG MONYET 

Neoscortechinia kingii (Hook.f.) Pax & K. Hoffm. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: bantana; Simeuleu: batin-batin; 

Malaysia: perupoh jantan, salah; the Philippines: magong


Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, West Java, Borneo, 


Uses: for interior trim, mouldings, flooring, joinery, window sills, window and 

door frames, boat building, packing cases, garden furniture 



390. MIMBA 

Azadirachta indica Juss. 

Meliaceae 

Vernacular names: memba; Madurese: mempheuh 

Geographical distribution: native to dry forests of the Indian subcontinent and 

possibly also in Myanmar, widely cultivated as a plantation tree 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; bark used for stomach aches, fevers, and as a 

tonic, leaves for dysentery and malaria 


391. MUNCANG 

Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: candlenut, Indian walnut, lumbang tree (Eng.); Indonesia: 

Sundanese: muncang; Indonesian: kemiri, miri; Malaysia: kemiri, kembiri, buah 

keras; Papua New Guinea: tutui; the Philippines: lumbang, biaw; Thailand: 

phothisat, kue-ra, purat, mayau; Vietnam: lai 

Geographical distribution: from India and China throughout Southeast Asia 

to Polynesia and New Zealand 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; bark used for treating diarrhoea and 

dysentery, leaves used for headaches, seeds for stomach aches, fevers, and as a 

hair tonic 



392. NANGKA 

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: Jackfruit (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: nongko; Papua New 

Guinea: kapiak; the Philippines: langka; Myanmar: peignai; Thailand: khanun, 

makmi, banun


Geographical distribution: throughout Southeast Asia 

Uses: for furniture, construction, turnery, masts, implements, and musical 

instruments 



393. ONYAM 

Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: blackcurrant tree (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: dempul lelet, 

ande-ande; Ambon: kutikata gunung; Kalimantan: lonang; Malaysia: balong 

ayam, gunchak, kunchor puteh; the Philippines: binayuyu; Thailand: mangmao, 

mao khai pla 



Uses: for temporary construction, poles, posts, fence posts 



394. PACAR TERE – PACAR LEUWENG 

Impatiens platypetala Lindley 

Balsaminaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: pacar banyu 

Geographical distribution: Southeast Asia, common in Malaysia and Indonesia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves for dermatosis, dysuria 



395. PACING 

Costus speciosus (Koen.) J.E. Smith 


Vernacular names: crepe ginger, wild ginger, Malay ginger (Eng.); Indonesia: 

Javanese: tabar-tabar; Sumatra: setawar; Malaysia: setawar, tawar, setengteng; the 

Philippines: tubong-usa, tiuasi; Thailand: uang-maina, uang-yai, uang-phetma 

Geographical distribution: from India, throughout Southeast Asia to Taiwan 

and Australia


Uses: used in traditional medicine; stem used for conjunctivitis and hair 

washing, leaves for hair washing, rhizomes for syphilis and postnatal treatment 



396. PAKIS BEUNYEUR 

Diplazium esculentum (Retzius) Swartz 

Athyriaceae 

Vernacular names: edible fern (Eng.); Indonesian: paku sayur; Balinese: pakis 

wilis; Malaysia: paku tanjong, paku benar; the Philippines: pako, tagabas; 

Thailand: phak kuut, hasdam, kuut khue 

Geographical distribution: from central China and southern Japan, 

throughout humid tropical Asia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; young leaves for food 



397. PAKU LAMODEH 

Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd. 

Blechnaceae 

Vernacular names: climbing (swamp) fern, liane-fern (Eng.); Indonesia: 

Javanese: paku bang; Sundanese: paku hurang; Kalimantan: paku merah; the 

Moluccas: paku merah; Malaysia: akar paku, paku miding, paku ranu; the 

Philippines: diliman, hagnaya, lanas; Thailand: prong suan, phak kuut daeng, 

lam matheng 

Geographical distribution: from India throughout Southeast Asia to Australia 

Uses: rhizomes for binding fish-traps, making baskets, ropes and belts. Used in 

traditional medicine, edible young leaves 

Life form and origin: climbing fern, indigenous plant 


398. PAKU SIMAR 

Microsorium scolopendrium (Burm.f.) Copel 

Polypodiaceae 

Vernacular names: East Indian polypody (Am ); Indonesia: Jakarta: paku 

ular; Sundanese: paku cacing; Malaysia: paku wangi, sakat hitam; Thailand: kuut 

chakkhep, yai phaek


Geographical distribution: tropical Africa, South and Southeast Asia, Australia 

Uses: fragrant leaves used for perfuming clothes. Used in traditional medicine 

Life form and origin: epiphytic fern, indigenous plant 


399. PAKU TIHANG 

Cyathea contaminans (Wallich ex Hook.) Copel 

Cyatheaceae 

Vernacular names: blue tree fern (Eng.); Indonesian: paku tiang, paku pohon; 

Malaysia; paku gajah; Javanese: paku arjuno; Malaysia: paku gajah gunung; the 

Philippines: pakong buaya, anonotong, gantaw; Thailand: hua ai pet 

Geographical distribution: India throughout Southeast Asia, Sumatra and Java 

Uses: edible young leaves 

Life form and origin: tree fern, indigenous plant 


400. PALAHLAR 

Dipterocarpus hasseltii Blume 

Dipterocarpaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Aceh: langan; Simalur: keruing bunga; Javanese: 

klalar, plalar; Kalimantan: temparau 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Thailand, Malesia: around the 

periodically dry border of the ever wet zone of the Sunda Shelf; central and 

north Malaysia; Sumatra (the Simalur and Mentawai Islands); West Java, the 

Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali); south and east Borneo to southeast Sabah; the 

Philippines including Palawan 

Uses: useful for construction 



401. PALASARI 

Alyxia reinwardtii Blume 

Apocynaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: pulasari; Javanese: pulosari; Thailand: chalut, 

luut, nuut 

Geographical distribution: from southern China, through Myanmar, Thailand, 

Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and southward to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, 

Bali and Borneo


Uses: used in traditional medicine; stem and bark used as a hemostyptic and for 

treating fevers, gonorrhoea, aphtha, menstrual disorders and coughs 



402. PANCALUHUR 

Deeringia amaranthoides (Lamk) Merr. 

Amaranthaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Malay: bayam besar; Balinese: bayem luur; 

Malaysia: bajam besar, bajam pohon, the Philippines: ditiran, sili-silihan, 

aribugbug; Thailand: khruea yang, phaahom plaa 

Geographical distribution: from India to China, throughout Malesia to Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots for headaches, leaves for boils and 

smallpox. Edible 



403. PANGGANG 

Brassaiopsis glomerulata (Bl.) Regel 

Araliaceae 

Geographical distribution: montane forest in Sumatra and Java and from India 

to southwest China 



404. PANGSAR 

Ficus callosa Willd. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: hard fig (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: ilat-ilatan; Timor: lassi; 

the Philippines: kalayokai, kalukoi; Thailand: maduea kwang 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Indochina, the Andaman Islands, 

Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi 

and the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for temporary construction, mouldings, interior work, fruit crates, firewood 


References: 27


405. PAREMPENG 

Croton argyratus Blume 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: hamba raja, kayu bulan (Pb), Sundanese: ki jahe, calik 

angina; Javanese: prakosa, walik angina; Madurese: leprak, pas-kapasan 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Indochina, Thailand throughout the 

Malesian region and northern Australia 

Uses: timber for light construction. Used in traditional medicine; roots for 

aphtha, leaves for fevers, postnatal treatment and diarrhoea, seeds for lamp oil 



406. PARIA 

Momordica charantia L. 

Cucurbitaceae 

Vernacular names: bitter gourd, bitter cucumber, balsam pear (Eng.); 

Indonesian: paria; Javanese: pare, the Moluccas: papari; Malaysia: peria, peria 

laut, periok; the Philippines: ampalaya, paria, palia; Thailand: mara, maha, phakha 

Geographical distribution: eastern India and southern China 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves as a galactagogue and depurative and 

for treating liver disease and anorexia, fruit as a depurative and for aphtha 

Life form and origin: liana, exotic plant, cultivated 

References: 3 

407. PASANG 

Lithocarpus Blume 

Fagaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: mempening; spike oak, Sunda oak (Eng.); the 

Philippines: oak; Papua New Guinea: New Guinea oak; Thailand: ko, ko muu; 

Vietnam: s[ox]i 

Geographical distribution: India, China, Taiwan and southern Japan, 

Indochina, Thailand, eastern Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, the Moluccas, the Philippines 

Uses: house and bridge construction, flooring, furniture 


References: 12, 24

408. PASANG ABU 


Lithocarpus korthalsii (Endl.) Soepadmo 

Fagaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: pasang susu; Javanese: pasang kapur 

Geographical distribution: Sumatra and Java 




409. PASANG BATARUWA – PASANG BODAS 

Lithocarpus indutus (Blume) Rehder 

Fagaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: pasang balung 

Geographical distribution: western Java 




410. PASANG BATU – PASANG APU 

Lithocarpus pseudomoluccus (Blume) Rehder 

Fagaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: pasang jangkar, pasang kayang 

Geographical distribution: Sumatra and western Java 




411. PASANG BEUREUM 

Quercus lineata Blume 

Fagaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: pasang celeng, pasang beunyeur, 

pasang seueung, pasang merah; Javanese: pasang emprit, pasang jambe; 

Malaysia: mempening batu 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, West and Central 


Uses: for construction 


References: 12, 24


412. PASANG BODAS 

Lithocarpus elegans (Blume) Hatus. ex Soepadmo 

Fagaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: pasang bungkus; Sulawesi: kasunu; 

Malaysia; mempening bangkas, berangan landak; Myanmar: thitca; Thailand: ko 

mon, ko muu, pit-chui; Vietnam: s[oof]I b[oo]ng, d[er] d[or] 

Geographical distribution: northern India, Nepal, eastern Pakistan, Myanmar, 

Indochina, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, western Java, Borneo and 

Sulawesi 




413. PASANG JAMBE 

Lithocarpus javensis Blume 

Fagaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: pasang tangogo, pasang poh 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java 




414. PASANG MINYAK – PASANG KAYANG 

Lithocarpus daphnoideus (Blume) A. Camus 

Fagaceae 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, western Java and 

Borneo (Sarawak, Kalimantan) 




415. PASANG PARENGPENG – PASANG KAPAS 

Lithocarpus sundaicus (Blume) Rehder 

Fagaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: pasang balung, Sunda oak (Eng.); 

Malaysia: mempening bagan, bintangor tuba; the Philippines: wax oak, sunda 

oak; Thailand: ko-laptaopun

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, 

Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan) and 






416. PASI – MARKISA 

Passiflora edulis Sims 

Passifloraceae 

Vernacular names: passionfruit, granadilla (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: buah 

negeri; Malaysia: buah susu, markisa; the Philippines: pasionaria, maraflora; 

Thailand: linmangkon, bechawan 


Uses: fruit can be eaten fresh or in juice, ice cream, concentrate, squash, 

jam or jelly 

Life form and origin: liana, exotic plant 


417. PATAT 

Phrynium pubinerve Blume 

Maranthaceae 



References: 8 

418. PELENDING 

Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk) de Wit 

Leguminosae – Mimosoideae 

Vernacular names: leucaena (Eng.); Indonesian: petai Cina; Javanese: lamtoro; 

Malaysia: petai belalang, petai Jawa, ipil-ipil; the Philippines: ipil-ipil, elena, 

palo-maria, kariskis; Laos: kathin, kan thin; Thailand: krathin, to-bao 


Uses: for fuelwood, shade, fodder, organic fertiliser, posts, food 


References: 6


419. PERIS 

Weinmannia blumei Planch. 

Cunnoniaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: damaran; Sundanese: ki ringgit, ki merak, 

ki papatong; Javanese: gringging ringgit, tembagan 

Geographical distribution: lower and upper montane Malesia, the 


Uses: for house building and furniture 



420. PEUNDEUY – KEDAUNG 

Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: alai; Javanese: kedawung; Malaysia: 

kedaung, kupang, petai kerayong; the Philippines: kupang, amarang; Myanmar: 

mai-karien; Thailand: kariang, riang 

Geographical distribution: India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, the 


Uses: for temporary light construction, carpentry, furniture, cabinet making, 

moulding, interior finishing, boxes and paper. Also used in traditional medicine 



421. PICUNG 

Pangium edule Reinw. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: pucung, pangi; Malaysia: kepayang, 

paying; Papua New Guinea: puga, ola; the Philippines: pangi, salingkumut 

Geographical distribution: the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia to Papua 


Uses: used in traditional medicine; seeds used as an antiseptic and antibacterial 

and for treating dermatosis and bark for fish poison, leaf for insecticide 


References: 30

422. PILANG 

Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: pilang; Madurese: opilan, pelang; 

Myanmar: ta-noung; Thailand: chalaep-daeng, phayamai 

Geographical distribution: Pakistan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, 

Vietnam, Thailand, Java, Madura, Timor and Sumbawa 

Uses: for indoor construction, flooring and furniture 

Life form and origin: shrub, exotic plant 


423. PINDING RANJANG – PINING 

Hornstedtia pinanga (Blume) Valeton 

Zingeberaceae 



References: 8 


424. PINUS 

Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese 

Pinaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: pinus; merkus pine, mindoro pine, Sumatran 

pine (Eng.); Aceh-Sumatra: dammar batu, dammar bunga, uyam; the 

Philippines: tapulau; Thailand: son-song-bai, son-haang-maa 

Geographical distribution: eastern Myanmar, Indochina, southern China, 

northern Thailand, the Philippines, Sumatra 

Uses: timber for furniture 



425. PISANG 

Musa L. 

Musaceae 

Vernacular names: banana, bananier (Fr); Malaysia: pisang; the Philippines: 

saging; Myanmar: nget pyo thee; Thailand: kluai


Geographical distribution: the Indo-Malesian region is considered the main 

centre of diversity 

Uses: fruit is the main product 

Life form and origin: banana, exotic plant, cultivated 


426. POHPOHAN 

Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Blume 

Urticaceae 

Vernacular names: pilea (Eng.) 

Geographical distribution: from India and Sri Lanka to Taiwan, Japan, the 

Philippines and Indonesia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; cancer medicine. Edible young leaves 



427. PONGANG CUCUK 

Trevesia sundaica Miquel 

Araliaceae 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, 

Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo 




428. PONGPORANG 

Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz 

Bignoniaceae 

Vernacular names: midnight horror (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: kayu lanang, 

mungli; Malaysia: beka, bonglai, kulai; the Philippines: pingka-pingkahan, 

abong-abong, kamkampilan; Thailand: phe kaa, litmai, lin faa 

Geographical distribution: from India eastward to southern China and the 

Philippines and throughout Southeast Asia; in Indonesia eastward to Sulawesi 

and the Lesser Sunda Islands 



References: 30

429. PULUS 


Dendrocnide sinuata (Blume) Chew 

Urticaceae 

Vernacular names: Sundanese: pasang jalantrang, jelatang 

Geographical distribution: India, Sri Lanka, China, throughout Southeast Asia 

to Bali 



430. PULUS HAYAM 

Acalypha boehmerioides Miq. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: klatang; Malay: daun Brahman 

Geographical distribution: from India eastward to the Philippines, 

throughout Malesia 




431. PUNGPURUTAN 

Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. 

Malvaceae 

Vernacular names: Chinese burr, burrbush, burrweed (Eng.); Indonesia: 

Javanese: sukupan; Minahasa: galopang; Malaysia: pulut-pulut, champadang; 

Papua New Guinea: gavana; the Philippines; kulut kulutan, bulagun, kollokolot; 

Thailand: po-yumyuu, seng 

Geographical distribution: from tropical Africa to Southeast Asia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for toothache, leaves for 

diarrhoea, flowers for gonorrhoea 

Life form and origin: shrub, wild, weed 

References: 8 

432. PURUT – BULU ONGKO 

Parartocarpus venenosus (Zoll. & Moritzi) Becc. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: bulu ongko; West-Kalimantan: pejatai; 

Malaysia: ara berteh paya; the Philippines: malanangka, buratu, pangi; Thailand: 

le khaem, phaya rak lueang


Geographical distribution: Peninsular Thailand, throughout the Malesian 

region, the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for light construction, light flooring, furniture, door and windows 

frames, plywood 



433. PUSAR 

Artocarpus rigidus Blume 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: tempuni, kundang; Javanese: pusar; Sumatra: 

purian; Malaysia: temponek, nangka pipit, pala musoh; Myanmar: taung, peing, 

sone-padat; Thailand: khanun-pa 

Geographical distribution: from Myanmar and Indochina to Peninsular 

Malaysia, Sumatra, West and Central Java, Borneo 

Uses: for beams, furniture and boats. Edible fruit and seeds 



434. PUSPA 

Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth. 

Theaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Kalimantan: medang gatal; Sumatra and Java: 

seru; Malaysia: medang gatal, gatal-gatal, samak; Thailand: bunnak, champa 

dong, thalo 

Geographical distribution: from north-eastern India through Indochina, 

southern China, the Ryukyu Islands and the Bonin Islands, Thailand, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines 

Uses: for medium heavy interior construction (columns beams), flooring, 

interior fitting, panelling, door and window frames, joinery, utility furniture, 

ship and boat building (ribs and decks), pallets, boxes, toys 



435. PUTAT – SONGGOM 

Barringtonia insignis (Blume) Miq. 

Lecythidaceae


Vernacular names: Indonesian: butun; Javanese: keben; Sundanese: songgom; 

Malaysia: tampalang; the Philippines: botong, ulam 

Geographical distribution: from East Africa, Madagascar to Afghanistan, 

Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Taiwan, Thailand and the Malesian region 

Uses: for temporary construction, local house building, planking, flooring, boat 

building, mouldings, interior finishing, agricultural implements, boxes, crates 

and wooden pallets. Velamer used for fish poison 



436. RAMBUTAN 

Nephelium lappaceum L. 


Vernacular names: rambutan (Eng.); Indonesian: rambutan; Malaysia: 

rambutan; the Philippines: rambutan, usan; Thailand: ngoh, phruan 

Geographical distribution: from southern China to Indochina, Malaysia, 

Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and the Philippines 

Uses: main product is fruit, but wood can be used for construction. Also used in 




437. RAMU GILING 

Schefflera lucida (Blume) Frodin 

Araliaceae 

Uses: for firewood and handicrafts. Also used in traditional medicine 



438. RANE 

Selaginella plana (Desv.) Hieron. 

Selaginelaceae 



References: 20


439. RASAMALA 

Altingia excelsa Noronha 

Hamamelidaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: mala; Sumatra: tulasan; Minangkabau: 

mandung; Myanmar: nantayok; Laos: sop; Thailand: sop, hom, satu; Vietnam: 

t[oo] h[aj]p l[as] h[if]nh tim 

Geographical distribution: Assam and Southeast Asia including southern 

China to the Malesian area 

Uses: for frames of bridges and columns and beams for buildings 



440. REMEK DAGING 

Hemigraphis alternata (Burm.f.) T. Anderson 

Acanthaceae 

Vernacular names: metal leaf, red flame (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: keji beling; 

Ternate: lire; Brunei: sembangun; Malaysia: kemoyan batu; the Philippines: 

dahon-pula; Thailand: data ta kua, hom khrang, ruesee phasom laeo 



Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used for treating dysentery, 

haemorrhoids, dysuria, anemia, tuberculosis and conjunctivitis 



441. RENYUNG 

Aporosa arborea (Blume) Muell. Arg. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: bastard oak (Eng.); Indonesia: Sundanese: peuris; Malaysia: 

pelangah, pelangas, pelangi; Thailand: khonta chang, khrop bai yai, nuan sian 

Geographical distribution: from the eastern Himalaya and India to Indochina, 

southern China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and Borneo 

Uses: for local house construction and furniture 


References: 27

442. REUNDEU 

Staurogyne elongata (Blume) O. Kuntze 

Acanthaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: godong keji 

Geographical distribution: Sumatra and Java 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used as a diuretic 




443. REUNDEU BADAK 

Cyrtandra picta Blume 

Gesneriaceae 

Geographical distribution: from The Nicobar Islands, southern Myanmar and 

Thailand throughout the Malesian region 




444. RUKEM 

Flacourtia rukam Zollinger & Moritzi 


Vernacular names: rukam (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: ganda rukem, rukam; 

Borneo: klang, tatah kutang; Malaysia: rukam manis, rukam gajah; the 

Philippines: amaiit, aganas, kalominga; Thailand; takhop-thai, khrop-dong; 

Vietnam: mung guan ru’ng 

Geographical distribution: the Moluccas, Papua New Guinea, Indochina, 

India and Thailand 

Uses: ripe fruit is edible. Used in traditional medicine; leaves used for treating 

conjunctivitis and smallpox, fruit for diarrhoea and dysentery 



445. SALAK – SALAK LEUWEUNG 

Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss 

Arecaceae 

Vernacular names: snake fruit (Eng.); Malaysia: salak; Myanmar: yingan; 

Thailand: sala


Geographical distribution: grows wild in south-western Java, southern 

Sumatra, Thailand, throughout Malaysia, the Moluccas and the Philippines 


Life form and origin: palm, exotic plant, cultivated 


446. SALAM 

Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. 

Myrtaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: manting; Sumatra: ubar serai; Malaysia: 

samak, kelat samak, serah; Thailand: dokmaeo 



Uses: for house construction. Used in traditional medicine; roots for treating 

skin irritations, bark and leaves used for treating abdominalgia 



447. SALAMANDAR 

Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R.Br. 

Proteaceae 

Vernacular names: silky oak, silver oak (Eng.); Myanmar: khadaw hmi 

Geographical distribution: native to eastern Australia 

Uses: for light construction, boat building, interior trim, furniture, cabinet 

work, parquet flooring, panelling, turnery, boxes and toys 



448. SALIARA – CENTE 

Lantana camara L. 

Verbenaceae 

Vernacular names: sage, wild sage (Eng.); Indonesian: kembang telek; Javanese: 

tembelekan; Malaysia: bunga pagar, bunga tahi ayam, jebat harimau; the 

Philippines: koronitas, kantutay, baho-baho; Thailand: kaam kung, khee kae, yeesun



Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for treating gonorrhoea, syphilis 

and leucorrhea, and as a depurative, leaves for boils, swelling and rheumatism, 

and as an antiemetic 


References: 3 

449. SANGGA LANGIT 

Cassytha filiformis L. 

Cassythaceae 

Vernacular names: dodder laurel, seashore dodder (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: 

tali puteri; Bangka: akar pengalasan; Brunei: akar janjang; Malaysia: chemar 

batu; the Philippines: kaduad kawaran, barutbarut, malabohok; Thailand: 

khiang kham, khueang kham khok, chong naang khlee 

Geographical distribution: from Africa to Asia, central and southern China, 

Japan, throughout Southeast and northern Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; stems used as a hair tonic and anthelmintic, 

and for treating abdominalgia and conjunctivitis 

Life form and origin: epiphytic herb, indigenous plant 


450. SANINTEN 

Castanopsis javanica Blume 

Fagaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: berangan, saninten; Malaysia: Malayan 

chestnut, jertek tangga, kata; Papua New Guinea: New Guinea oak, white oak; 

the Philippines: Philippine chestnut; Myanmar: katia; Laos: ko; Thailand: ko, 

ko-nam; Vietnam: c[af][oo]i 

Geographical distribution: India, Indochina, Thailand, Java, the Lesser 

Sunda Islands 

Uses: for medium to heavy interior construction, house posts, lining, bridges, 

furniture, cabinet making, interior fitting, flooring, plywood, boat building 


References: 8, 24


451. SANINTEN SABRANG 

Cubilia cubili (Blanco) Adelb. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Ambon: amasi; Minahasa: kamesi raindang; the 

Philippines: kubili, baksian, malasaging 

Geographical distribution: Borneo (East Kalimantan, Sabah), the Philippines, 

Sulawesi, the Moluccas and cultivated in Java 

Uses: for interior construction and carpentry 



452. SARAI 

Caryota mitis Lour. 

Arecaceae 

Vernacular names: common fishtail palm (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: 

genduru; South Sumatra: risi; Malaysia: dudok, merdin, rabuk; the Philippines: 

pugahangsuui, barukan, bato; Thailand: khuangmu, taorang-daeng 

Geographical distribution: Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, Peninsular 

Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, the Philippines 

Uses: for planking, roofing, partitioning, fencing 

Life form and origin: tree palm, indigenous plant 


453. SARIKAYA 

Annona squamosa L. 

Annonaceae 

Vernacular names: sugarapple, sweetsop (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: srikaya; 

Sumatra: sarikaya; Ternate-Tidore: atis; Malaysia: nona sri kaya, buah nona, sri 

kaya; the Philippines: atis; Thailand: noina, makkhiap, lanang 

Geographical distribution: indigenous to the tropical highlands of Peru and 

Ecuador 

Uses: fruit normally eaten fresh 


References: 31

454. SASALADAAN 


Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth 

Piperaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: ketumpangan air; Javanese: suruhsuruhan; 

Malaysia: ketumpangan air; the Philippines: ulasiman bato, olasiman 

ihalas, tangon-tangon; Thailand: chaa kruut, phak krasang, phak haak kluai 

Geographical distribution: Central and South America, Southeast Asia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used for treating vertigo 


References: 3 

455. SAUHEUN 

Orophea hexandra Blume 

Annonaceae 

Vernacular names: Sundanese: kalak 

Geographical distribution: from Sri Lanka and southern India to the Nicobar 

and Andaman Islands, southern Myanmar, Indochina, Hainan, Thailand, and 

throughout the Malesian region except for New Guinea 

Uses: for interior finishing, packing cases 



456. SAWO HEJO 

Chrysophyllum cainito L. 

Sapotaceae 

Vernacular names: caimito, starapple (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: sawo ijo; 

Malaysia: sawu duren, pepulut; the Philippines: caimito; Singapore: chicle 

durian; Thailand: sataa appoen 

Geographical distribution: in Southeast Asia most frequent in the Philippines 

and Thailand and also in southern Indochina 

Uses: fruit usually consumed fresh. Wood used for small articles and firewood 


References: 31


457. SECANG 

Caesalpinia sappan L. 

Fabaceae 

Vernacular names: sappanwood, Indian redwood (Eng.); Indonesian: kayu 

secang; Javanese: soga Jawa, Malaysia: sapang, the Philippines: sapang, sibukau, 

Thailand: ngaai, faang 

Geographical distribution: Southeast Asia, Africa and the Americas 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; stems used as a depurative and for treating 

haemoptysis, syphilis, conjunctivitis and dysentery 



458. SEMBUNG 

Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. 

Asteraceae 

Vernacular names: ngai camphor plant (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: sembung 

gantung, sembung gula, sembung kuwuk, sembung legi, sembung mingsa; 

Madurese: kemandhin; Indonesian: sembung (common); Malaysia: chapa, 

chapor, sembong; the Philippines: sambong, lakadbulan, subsub; Myanmar: 

poung-ma-theing; Cambodia: bai mat; Thailand: kam phung, naat yai 

Geographical distribution: from India, Myanmar, Indochina, southern China 

and Taiwan to Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used as a stomachic and for treating 

anorexia, malaria and fevers, leaves as a stomachic and for anorexia, menstrual 

disorders, rheumatism 



459. SEUHANG 

Ficus grossularioides Burm.f. 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: white-leaved fig (Eng.); Indonesia: Sundanese: hamerang, 

huru lalaki; Javanese: kebek; Batak-Sumatra: modang susu; Malaysia: ara perak, 

kelumpong burong, sepedeh jantan 

Geographical distribution: Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, 

Java and Borneo



laundry tubs, small domestic articles, fruit crates and firewood. Also used in 

traditional medicine; leaves used for postnatal treatment and as animal fodder 



460. SEUSEUREUHAN 

Piper aduncum L. 

Piperaceae 

Vernacular names: Spanish elder (Eng.) 

Geographical distribution: from Mexico to Brazil and the West Indies 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used as an aromatic tonic, stimulant 

and internal styptic 


References: 8 

461. SIDAGORI 

Sida rhombifolia L. 

Malvaceae 

Vernacular names: Cuba jute, arrowleaf sida (Eng.); Indonesia: Sundanese: 

sadagori; Javanese: sidaguru; Sumatra: sidaguru; Madurese: taghuri; Malaysia: 

sendaguri, seleguri padang, bunga padang 

Geographical distribution: widespread weed found throughout the tropics 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots use for toothache, boils, abortions and 

fevers, leaves for boils, scabies and fevers 



462. SILUWAR 

Aglaia pachyphylla Miq. 

Meliaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: siluwar; Kalimantan: singkok; Malaysia: 

semeliang, langsat-langsat, koping-koping; the Philippines: tukang-kalau, guijo, 

makaasim 


western Java, Borneo, southern Sulawesi and the Philippines


Uses: for furniture, bridges, planks and temporary construction 



463. SINTOK – HURU SINTOK 

Cinnamomum sintoc Blume 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: wuru sintok; Malaysia: medang teja 

lawang; Thailand: luk kha 


the Lesser Sunda Islands and Borneo 

Uses: for furniture, cabinet making 



464. SINTRONG 

Erechtites valerianifolia (Wolf.) DC. 

Asteraceae 

Uses: used in traditional medicine, edible leaves 



465. SIRSAK 

Annona muricata L. 

Annonaceae 

Vernacular names: soursop (Eng.); Indonesian: sirsak (common); Javanese: 

nangka Belanda, nangka sebrang; Malaysia: durian Belanda, durian Benggala, 

durian Makkah; Papua New Guinea: saua sap; the Philippines: guayabano, 

atti, ilabanos; Cambodia: tiep banal, tiep barang; Laos: khan thalot; Thailand: 

thurian-thet, thurian-khaek, rian-nam 

Geographical distribution: native to tropical America 


Life form and origin: exotic plant, cultivated 

References: 31

466. SIWURUNGAN 


Mussaenda frondosa L. 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: kingkilaban, areuy siwurungan; 

Javanese: kalik adep; Malaysia: balik adep, adap-adap, daun putrid; Thailand: 

bai tag dok 

Geographical distribution: India, Myanmar, southern China, the Ryukyu 

Islands, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots use to treat coughs and for postnatal 

treatment, leaves used for conjunctivitis, coughs and headaches 


References: 8 

467. SOHLENAT 

Mapania cuspidata (Miq.) Uittien 

Cyperaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sumatra: selingsingan; Seram: kihadio; Malaysia: 

siak-siak rimba, sempit, penawar Fatimah; the Philippines: malalubigan, 

lubigan, maribari 

Geographical distribution: Thailand, throughout the Malesian region, the 





468. SOKA BEUREUM 

Ixora coccinea L. 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: red ixora (Eng.); Indonesian: soka merah; Malaysia: 

kembang santen merah; the Philippines: santan pula, santan, tangpupo; 

Thailand: khem baan, khem nuu, khem farang 

Geographical distribution: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, 

Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand 



References: 3


469. SUJI 

Dracaena angustifolia Roxb. 

Dracaenaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: semar; Ambon: pendusta utan; the 

Philippines: malasambal, taligbuhuk, pasiu; Thailand: khon maa khaao, phak 

kon maa, phraao phan lam 


Thailand, Java, the Philippines, Sulawesi and the Moluccas 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used as an antidote and for treating 

stomach aches, leaves for treating dysentery, leucorrhea and gonorrhoea 



470. SUKUN 

Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg 

Moraceae 

Vernacular names: breadfruit (Eng.); Malaysia: sukun, kelor; Papua New 

Guinea: kapiak; the Philippines: rimas, kamansi; Thailand: sa-ke, khanunsampalor 




471. SULANGKAR 

Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merrill 

Leeaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: kayu tuwa; Malaysia: mali-mali, 

merbati padang, jolok-jolok; Papua New Guinea: paikoro, dadoro, warawa; the 

Philippines: mali, amamali; Thailand: katang bai, bang-baai ton 

Geographical distribution: from India, Sri Lanka, throughout Southeast Asia 

to northern Australia and the Solomon Islands 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used as an analgetic and for treating 

headaches, wood used for cuts and deafness 


References: 8, 30

472. SUWANGKUNG 


Caryota rumphiana Blume ex Mart. 

Palmae 

Vernacular names: giant fishtail palm (Eng.); Indonesia: Balinese: andudu; the 

Moluccas: nibung besar; Malaysia: baroh, dudok, rabok gunung 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java; probably 

also in Peninsular Thailand 

Uses: for planking, roofing, partitioning, fencing 



473. SUWEG-ACUNG 

Amorphophallus spectabilis (Miq.) Engl. 

Araceae 

Geographical distribution: West Java from 800-1400 m ASL 

Uses: tubers eaten locally 

474. TAKOKAK 

Solanum torvum Swartz 

Solanaceae 

Vernacular names: devil’s fig, plate brush (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: pokak; 

Indonesian: takokak; Sumatra: terong pipit; Malaysia: terong pipit, terong 

rembang; the Philippines: takapasin, taogotan, balbalusa; Thailand: makhuaphung, 

makhwaeng 

Geographical distribution: South, Southeast and East Asia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for dermatosis, leave for 

cardiodynia and vertigo, fruit for anorexia, hypertension and food 



475. TALANGTANG – KI SIKOP 

Elaeocarpus obtusus Blume 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: andul 

Geographical distribution: Sumatra, Java and Borneo


Uses: for light interior construction, weatherboarding, boat building, aircraft 

building, furniture, joinery, mouldings, boxes, pallets, carvings 



476. TALI ANJING 

Acalypha hispida Burm.f. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: red hot cat-tail, chenille plant (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: 

wunga tambang; Malaysia: buntut kuching, ekur kuching; Thailand: mai prom, 

hang krarok daeng, huu plaa chon 

Geographical distribution: from New Guinea throughout Malesia and other 

tropical regions 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for treating haemoptysis, leaves 

for leprosy, aphtha and dysentery 



477. TANGGULUN 

Protium javanicum Burm.f. 

Burseraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: bernang, trenggulon; Balinese: 

trenggulon 

Geographical distribution: Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for posts, tool handles and wooden mallets 



478. TANGKALAK 

Litsea garciae Vidal 

Lauraceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Bangka: malai; Javanese: wuru lilin; the 

Philippines: bagnolo, kupa, pipi 

Geographical distribution: the Philippines, Indonesia (Java, Bangka), 

Peninsular Malaysia

Uses: for construction 




479. TANGKIL 

Gnetum gnemon L. 

Gnetaceae 

Vernacular names: Spanish joint fir (Eng.); Indonesian: melinjo, belinjo, bagoe; 

Malaysia: meninjau, belinjau; the Philippines: bago, banago; Thailand: peesae 


Uses: ripe fruits cooked in vegetable dishes and preserved as flat cakes, bark used 

for rope and paper 



480. TANGKUR 

Lophatherum gracile Brongn. 

Gramineae 

Vernacular names: rumput bamboo; Malaysia: rumput kelurut, rumput jarang, 

rumput bulu; Thailand; phai pen lek, yaa khui mai phai 

Geographical distribution: from southern India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, 

Indochina, southern China and Thailand to Korea, Japan the whole Malesian 

region and northern Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots as a carminative and stomachic and for 

treating chancres 



481. TAPAK DARA 

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don 

Apocynaceae 

Vernacular names: Madagascar periwinkle (Eng.); Indonesian: tapak dara, 

bunga serdadu, kembang tembaga; Malaysia: kemunting China, rumput jalang, 

tahi ayam; the Philippines: chichirica, kantotai, amnias; Thailand: nom in, 

phakpot bok, phaengphuai bok


Geographical distribution: from Madagascar to India and Sri Lanka 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots used for abortions and menstrual 

disorders, all parts used for treating malaria, diabetes, chancres and hypertension 



482. TAPAK LIMAN 

Elephantopus scaber L. 

Asteraceae 

Vernacular names: prickly-leaved elephant’s foot (Eng.); Indonesian: tapak 

liman, tutup bumi; Madurese: talpak tana; Malaysia: tutup bumi, tapak leman, 

pepalut; the Philippines: dila-dila, tabatabakohan, kabkabron; Thailand: do mai 

ruu lom, kee fain ok khuun, naat me khlaen 

Geographical distribution: tropical America, Africa, Asia and Australia, 

throughout Southeast Asia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; roots for malaria and fevers, leaves for 

anemia, dysentery, fevers, coughs, aphtha, diarrhoea and malaria 



483. TAPEN 

Mallotus tiliaefolius (Blume) Muell. Arg. 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: linden-leaf (Eng.); Indonesia: Ambon: haleki laun ulu; 

Javanese: tutup ancur; Malaysia: baru laut besar, bebaru, jarak biya; 

the Philippines: alai, kutulan 

Geographical distribution: Taiwan, Hainan, Peninsular Thailand, throughout 

the Malesian region, northern Australia 

Uses: for temporary construction (poles), non-striking tool handles, 

matchsticks, wooden shoes, packing cases 



484. TAPOS 

Elateriospermum tapos Blume 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesian: tapus (trade name); Sumatra: kedui; Malaysia: 

perah, dungku, kelampai; Thailand: pee-ra, pra




Uses: for medium and heavy interior construction and parquet flooring, 

railway sleepers 



485. TATAPAJAN 

Merremia hederacea (Burm.f.) Hallier f. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Javanese: lawatan; West Kalimantan: kelemibiet; 

Malaysia: ulan pelandok; Thailand: cha uek, ma uek, thao sa uek 

Geographical distribution: tropical Africa, tropical Asia, from the Himalaya 

southwards to Sri Lanka and eastwards to Myanmar, southern China, 

Indochina, Thailand and throughout Malesia to northern Australia 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used for dermatosis 

Life form and origin: liana, wild, weed 


486. TEH 

Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze 

Theaceae 

Vernacular names: tea plant (Eng.); theeheester (Dutch); Indonesian: teh; 

Malaysia: the; the Philippines: tsa; Myanmar: lappet; Thailand: cha 

Geographical distribution: Indonesia, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, 

Malaysia, Thailand 

Uses: leaves for a stimulant drink 



487. TELOR KOTOK 

Sauropus rhamnoides Blume 

Euphorbiaceae 

Vernacular names: katuk badak, katuk endog 

Geographical distribution: Java, Sumatra, the Philippines 



References: 31


488. TEMPUYUNG 

Sonchus arvensis L. 

Asteraceae 

Geographical distribution: the Philippines, Java 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves for vesical calculus and hypertension 



489. TENGEH CAAH 

Neonauclea pallida (Reinw.) Bakh.f. 

Rubiaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: cangcaratan caj, sengeh caah 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra 

and Java 

Uses: for construction, bridge and boat building, window sills, flooring, joinery, 

furniture, cabinet work, packaging 



490. TENUNG 

Helicia robusta (Roxb.) R.Br. ex Wall. 

Proteaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: South Sumatra: kayu maributan; Javanese: 

kendung; Sundanese: kendung; Dayak West Kutai: watutu; Sabah: jaringjaringan 

Jawa; Peninsular Malaysia: medang keladi, medang laying 

Geographical distribution: southern India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Peninsular 

Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines 

Uses: for house building, poles, and as a traditional medicine 



491. TEPUS 

Hornstedtia megalochelius Ridley 


Vernacular names: Indonesian: kedungkel 

Uses: used in traditional medicine; stems used for fevers. Edible fruit 

Life form and origin: herb, indigenous plant

492. TISUK 


Hibiscus macrophyllus Roxb. ex Hornem. 

Malvaceae 

Vernacular names: bristly tree-hibiscus (Eng.); Indonesia: Batak-Sumatra: anukanuk; 

Javanese: waru payung; Malaysia: baru, tutok, randog; the Philippines: 

dang-lug; Thailand: ai-chong, pohu, thong to 

Geographical distribution: India, Indochina, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, 

Sumatra, Java and Borneo 

Uses: local house building, interior trim, wagon frames, household implements, 

musical instruments, packaging 



493. TOKBRAY 

Blumeodendron tokbrai (Blume) J.J. Smith 

Caesalpiniaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Riau Archipelago, Kalimantan: keterung, 

tengkurung; Sundanese: ki kukuran, tokbray, ki batok, kepundung, ki muncang; 

Peninsular Malaysia: gaha badak 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, 

Borneo, the Philippines, Sangihe and Talaud Islands, the Moluccas, New 

Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago 

Uses: timber for construction, edible fruit 



494. TUNGGEURUEK 

Castanopsis tungurrut (Blume) A. DC. 

Fagaceae 

Vernacular names: Indonesia: Sundanese: tanggeureuk, berangan tunggurut; 

Javanese: kalimorot, tungurut; Sumatra: karaka 

Geographical distribution: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Bangka and 

western Java 

Uses: timber for construction, edible fruit 


References: 12, 24


495. TURI 

Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poirret 


Vernacular names: agati sesbania, West-Indian pea (Eng.); Indonesia: 

Madurese: toroy; Balinese: tuwi; Malaysia: sesban, kacang turi, petai belalang; 

the Philippines: pan, gauai-gauai, katuday; Thailand: khae, khae-ban 


Uses: wood used for floats on fishing nets, flowers as a vegetable 


References: 9 

496. TUUR MUNDING 

Chloranthus elatior R. Br. ex Link 

Chloranthaceae 



References: 8 

497. ULUK-ULUK 

Ipomoea aculeata Blume var. mollissima (Zoll.) Hallier f. ex Ooststr. 


Vernacular names: Indonesia: Madurese: rabbet kalorak 

Geographical distribution: Malesia occurring in Java, Madura, the Lesser 

Sunda Islands and the Philippines 


Life form and origin: creeping herb, wild, weed 

References: 30

498. URANG-ARING 


Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. 

Asteraceae 

Vernacular names: false daisy, ink plant (Eng.); Indonesia: Javanese: orangaring; 

the Moluccas: daun sipat; Malaysia: biu, keremak jantan, nigus; Papua 

New Guinea: whiteheads; the Philippines: higis-manok, karim-buaya, pia; 

Thailand: kameng, yaa sap, hom kieo 


Uses: used in traditional medicine; leaves used for headaches and toothache and as 

a hair tonic 



499. WARU LOT – TANGKORO 

Hibiscus decaspermus Koord. & Valeton 

Malvaceae 

Geographical distribution: southern Myanmar, Peninsular Thailand, West 

Java, the Philippines, Sulawesi and the Lesser Sunda Islands 

Uses: for local house building, interior trim, mouldings, musical instruments, 

picture frames, carvings, packaging 



500. WIRU – KAKALAPAAN 

Licuala pumila Blume 

Arecaceae 


References: 8

Index of Sundanese names 

Alpuket, 1 

Amis Mata, 2 

Andawali, 3 

Angsana, 4 

Antanan Gede, 5 

Aren – Kawung, 6 

Areuy Beurit, 7 

Areuy Carayun, 8 

Areuy Carulang – Carulang, 9 

Areuy Geureung – Areuy Kidang, 10 

Areuy Harendong – Harendong, 11 

Areuy Jotang Bodas, 12 

Areuy Kawoyang, 13 

Areuy Ki Lampahan, 14 

Areuy Kupu-kupu, 15 

Areuy Lolo, 16 

Areuy Maung – Macan Tandang, 17 

Areuy Pari, 18 

Areuy Silayaran – Kalayaran, 19 

Areuy Warejit, 20 

Asam Jawa, 21 

Asam Keranji – Keranji, 22 

Awi Tali, 23 

Awi Temen, 24 

Babadotan, 25 

Babanjaran, 26 

Babawangan, 27 

Bacang – Limus, 28 

Balingbing – Calingcing Amis, 29 

Balingbing Wuluh – Calingcing, 30 

Balsa, 31 

Baluntas, 32 

Bareubeuy, 33 

Baros, 34 

Barunday, 35 

Bayur, 36 

Beberetean, 37 

Bebesaran, 38 

Begonia, 39 

Beleketebe, 40 

Bembem – Kaweni, 41 

Bencoy, 42 

Bengang, 43 

Beunying, 44 

Bingbin, 45 

Binong, 46 

Bintangur – Sulatri, 47 

Bintaos Laut, 48 

Bisbul, 49 

Bobondelan, 50 

Bobontengan, 51 

Bubuay, 52 

Bulang – Bungbulang, 53 

Bungur, 54 

Burahol, 55 

Burundul – Corogel Monyet, 56 

Cacabean, 57 

Calik Angin, 58 

Caliling, 59 

Calingcing – Cacalingcingan, 60 

Campaka Leuweung, 61 

Campedak, 62 

Canar, 63 

Canar Bokor, 64 

Cangcaratan, 65 

Cangkoreh, 66 

Cangkring – Dadap Cangkring, 67 

Cangkuang, 68 

| 159


Cangkudu, 69 

Cariang, 70 

Caringin, 71 

Cao Kole, 72 

Cemara, 73 

Cengkeh, 74 

Cente, 75 

Cerem, 76 

Ceremai, 77 

Cerlang, 78 

Ceuri, 79 

Cicendetan – Cecenetan, 80 

Ciku – Sawo Manila, 81 

Cokelat, 82 

Dadap Blendung, 83 

Dadap Lesang – Dadap Rangrang – 

Dadap Cangkring, 84 

Dahu, 85 

Danas, 86 

Darangdang – Hampelas Tangkal, 87 

Daringo, 88 

Darowak, 89 

Daun saga, 90 

Dawolang, 91 

Delima, 92 

Dendereman, 93 

Dolog, 94 

Duren – Kadu, 95 

Epung-pung – Peueung, 96 

Erang, 97 

Eurih, 98 

Gadung, 99 

Gaharu – Garu, 100 

Gandaria, 101 

Gandasoli – Gandasuli, 102 

Ganggo – Culan, 103 

Ganitri Hutan, 104 

Garut, 105 

Gedang, 106 

Gempol, 107 

Genjer, 108 

Genteng Cangkeng – Ki 

Congcorang, 109 

Ginggiyang, 110 

1. Ginggiyang Beureum, 111 

Gompong, 112 

Gongseng, 113 

Hades, 114 

Hahapaan, 115 

Hahauwan, 116 

Hamberang leutik, 117 

Hamerang, 118 

Hamirung – Hambirung, 119 

Hamperu Badak, 120 

Hantap, 121 

Harendong, 122 

Harendong Bulu, 123 

Harendong Sabrang, 124 

Hareueus, 125 

Hareuga, 126 

Harikukun, 127 

Haringhin, 128 

Heucip, 129 

Honje, 130 

Hunyur Buut – Wera Areuy – Ki 

Lembur, 131 

Huru, 132 

Huru Api, 133 

Huru Batu, 134 

Huru Dapung – Huru Meuhmal – 

Huru Gemblung, 135 

Huru Hiris – Huru Lencir, 136 

Huru Honje, 137 

Huru Kacang, 138 

Huru Kapas, 139 

Huru Leuer, 140

Huru Madang, 141 

Huru Payung – Huru Mentek, 142 

Huru Taleus, 143 

Huru Tangkalak – Ki Mokla, 144 

Huru Tumbila – Jerukan, 145 

Huwi, 146 

Ipi, 147 

Ipis Kulit – Ki Beusi, 148 

Jamblang, 149 

Jambu Biji – Jambu Batu, 150 

Jambu Mawar, 151 

Jambu Mede, 152 

Jampang, 153 

Jamuju, 154 

Janetrang, 155 

Jara Anak, 156 

Jaring, 157 

Jarong – Jarong Lalaki, 158 

Jawer Kotok, 159 

Jejerukan, 160 

Jengkol, 161 

Jengkot, 162 

Jeret, 163 

Jeruk, 164 

Jeruk Bali, 165 

Jeruk Keprok, 166 

Jeruk Manis, 167 

Jeruk Nipis, 168 

Jeruk Purut, 169 

Jeunjing, 170 

Jeuntir, 171 

Jingjing Kulit, 172 

Jirak, 173 

Jonge, 174 

Jotang, 175 

Jukut Bau, 176 

Jujut Riyud, 177 

Kabu Kabu – Dangdeur Leuweng, 178 

Index of Sundanese names | 161 

Kahitutan, 179 

Kakapasan, 180 

Kalak, 181 

Kalapa Tiyung – Ki Tumila, 182 

Kaliandra, 183 

Kalingsir, 184 

Kaliyage, 185 

Kandar Lutung, 186 

Kandis, 187 

Kanyere, 188 

Kanyere Badak – Ki Howe, 189 

Kanyere Laut, 190 

Kapi Dengkung, 191 

Kapi Nango, 192 

Kapulasan – Pulasan, 193 

Kapundung, 194 

Karag, 195 

Karas Tulang, 196 

Kareumbi, 197 

Karundang, 198 

Kasingsat, 199 

Kaso, 200 

Katepeng Leutik, 201 

Katuk, 202 

Katulampa, 203 

Katumpang, 204 

Kawista, 205 

Kawoyang, 206 

Kayu Afrika-Manii, 207 

Kecapi – Kacapi, 208 

Kecemang, 209 

Kedondong Leuweung, 210 

Kedondong Manis, 211 

Kedondong Sabrang, 212 

Kedoya – Ki Tai, 213 

Kehkehan, 214 

Kehkehan Lembut, 215 

Keji Beling, 216


Kekecrekan, 217 

Kemalakian, 218 

Kembang Teleng, 219 

Kemuning, 220 

Kenari Ambon, 221 

Kendung, 222 

Kersen – Talok, 223 

Kertau, 224 

Kesemek, 225 

Ketepeng, 226 

Ki Acret, 227 

Ki Ajag, 228 

Ki Ambit, 229 

Ki Angir, 230 

Ki Angrit, 231 

Ki Apu, 232 

Ki Ara, 233 

Kiara Wunuk – Kiara Gambir, 234 

Ki Bako, 235 

Ki Bancet, 236 

Ki Banen, 237 

Ki Barera, 238 

Ki Bawang – Pingku, 239 

Ki Bayawak, 240 

Ki Bayongbong, 241 

Ki Benteli, 242 

Ki Beunteur, 243 

Ki Beureum, 244 

Ki Beusi, 245 

Ki Bodas – Huru Merang, 246 

Ki Bonteng, 247 

Ki Bulu, 248 

Ki Burung Rana – Sareni, 249 

Ki Caang, 250 

Ki Calungcung, 251 

Ki Cangkudu, 252 

Ki Cantung, 253 

Ki Careuh – Ki Caseuli, 254 

Ki Caruluk, 255 

Ki Cengkeh, 256 

Ki Dage, 257 

Ki Damar, 258 

Ki Encok, 259 

Ki Endog, 260 

Ki Gember, 261 

Ki Geuntel, 262 

Ki Goong, 263 

Ki Gula – Ki Gegula, 264 

Ki Haji, 265 

Ki Hanjuang, 266 

Ki Hapit, 267 

Ki Harendong, 268 

Ki Hia, 269 

Ki Hiur, 270 

Ki Hiyang, 271 

Ki Hujan, 272 

Ki Huni, 273 

Ki Hurang, 274 

Ki Huut, 275 

Ki Jaran, 276 

Ki Jebug – Lunglum, 277 

Ki Jeungkil, 278 

Ki Jombang, 279 

Ki Kadanca, 280 

Ki Kadu, 281 

Ki Kajeru – Ki Jangkar, 282 

Ki Kawat, 283 

Ki Kemanden, 284 

Ki Keper, 285 

Ki Keuyeup, 286 

Ki Koneng, 287 

Ki Kopo, 288 

Ki Korejat – Daun Tolo, 289 

Ki Kores, 290 

Ki Kuwat – Katumpang Lemah, 291 

Ki Kuya – Caratan, 292

Ki Laban, 293 

Ki Lahung, 294 

Ki Laja – Ki Sigeung, 295 

Ki Laka, 296 

Ki Lalayu, 297 

Ki Layu – Ki Lalayu Lalaki, 298 

Ki Layu Gunung, 299 

Ki Leho – Ki Leho Bentang, 300 

Ki Manjeul – Huru Manjel, 301 

Ki Merak, 302 

Ki Meyong, 303 

Ki Mokla, 304 

Ki Nangsi, 305 

Ki Oray, 306 

Ki Padali, 307 

Ki Pahit, 308 

Ki Pancar, 309 

Ki Pare – Mareme, 310 

Ki Pare Lalaki, 311 

Ki Pela, 312 

Ki Pelah, 313 

Ki Peueut, 314 

Ki Putri, 315 

Ki Racun, 316 

Ki Rawa, 317 

Ki Rinyu, 318 

Ki Ronyok – Riung Anak, 319 

Ki Rujug, 320 

Ki Saat, 321 

Ki Sampang, 322 

Ki Saoh, 323 

Ki Sapi, 324 

Ki Sapilan, 325 

Ki Sapu – Huru Beyas, 326 

Ki Sariawan, 327 

Ki Sesemat, 328 

Ki Seuheur, 329 

Ki Seungit, 330 

Ki Singuguh Kayu, 331 

Ki Sireum, 332 

Ki Soka, 333 

Ki Somang, 334 

Ki Tajas, 335 

Ki Tambaga – Pangsor, 336 

Ki Tamiang, 337 

Ki Tanah, 338 

Ki Teja, 339 

Ki Teke – Kitek, 340 

Ki Terong, 341 

Ki Timbul – Mareme, 342 

Ki Tiwu, 343 

Ki Tiwu Lalaki, 344 

Ki Tulang, 345 

Ki Tungkul, 346 

Ki Uncal, 347 

Ki Urat, 348 

Ki Walen, 349 

Ki Wates, 350 

Kokopian, 351 

Kondang, 352 

Koneng, 353 

Koneng Gede, 354 

Kowas, 355 

Kucubung, 356 

Kumis Kucing, 357 

Kuray, 358 

Laja, 359 

Laja Gowah-Lalajaan, 360 

Lambaran, 361 

Lame, 362 

Lampeni Badak, 363 

Lampeni Gede, 364 

Lampuyang, 365 

Langir, 366 

Lengsu, 367 

Leuksa, 368 

Index of Sundanese names | 163


Leunca, 369 

Leungsar, 370 

Limo, 371 

Lokwat – Papalaan, 372 

Lowa, 373 

Mahoni, 374 

Maja, 375 

Mandalaksa, 376 

Mangendeuh, 377 

Mangga, 378 

Mangga Pari, 379 

Manggong, 380 

Manggu Leuweung, 381 

Manglid, 382 

Mara, 383 

Mara Bodas – Mara Beureum – Mara 

Delan, 384 

Maranginan, 385 

Mareme, 386 

Mareme Gede, 387 

Memeniran, 388 

Menteng Monyet, 389 

Mimba, 390 

Muncang, 391 

Nangka, 392 

Onyam, 393 

Pacar Tere – Pacar Leuweng, 394 

Pacing, 395 

Pakis Beunyeur, 396 

Paku Lamodeh, 397 

Paku Simar, 398 

Paku Tihang, 399 

Palahlar, 400 

Palasari, 401 

Pancaluhur, 402 

Panggang, 403 

Pangsar, 404 

Perempeng, 405 

Paria, 406 

Pasang, 407 

Pasang Abu, 408 

Pasang Bataruwa – Pasang Bodas, 409 

Pasang Batu – Pasang Apu, 410 

Pasang Beureum, 411 

Pasang Bodas, 412 

Pasang Jambe, 413 

Pasang Minyak – Pasang Kayang, 414 

Pasang Parengpeng – Pasang Kapas, 415 

Pasi – Markisa, 416 

Patat, 417 

Pelending, 418 

Peris, 419 

Peundeuy – Kedaung, 420 

Picung, 421 

Pilang, 422 

Pinding Ranjang – Pining, 423 

Pinus, 424 

Pisang, 425 

Pohpohan, 426 

Pongang Cucuk, 427 

Pongporang, 428 

Pulus, 429 

Pulus Hayam, 430 

Pungpurutan, 431 

Purut – Bulu Ongko, 432 

Pusar, 433 

Puspa, 434 

Putat – Songgom, 435 

Rambutan, 436 

Ramu Giling, 437 

Rane, 438 

Rasamala, 439 

Remek Daging, 440 

Renyung, 441 

Reundeu, 442 

Reundeu Badak, 443

Rukem, 444 

Salak – Salak Leuweng, 445 

Salam, 446 

Salamandar, 447 

Saliara – Cente, 448 

Sangga Langit, 449 

Saninten, 450 

Saninten Sabrang, 451 

Sarai, 452 

Sarikaya, 453 

Sasaladaan, 454 

Sauheun, 455 

Sawo Hejo, 456 

Secang, 457 

Sembung, 458 

Seuhang, 459 

Seuseureuhan, 460 

Sidagori, 461 

Siluwar, 462 

Sintok – Huru Sintok, 463 

Sintrong, 464 

Sirsak, 465 

Siwurungan, 466 

Sohlenat, 467 

Soka Beureum, 468 

Suji, 469 

Sukun, 470 

Sulangkar, 471 

Suwangkung, 472 

Suweg-Acung, 473 

Takokak, 474 

Talangtang – Ki Sikop, 475 

Tali Anjing, 476 

Tanggulun, 477 

Tangkalak, 478 

Tangkil, 479 

Tangkur, 480 

Tapak Dara, 481 

Tapak Liman, 482 

Tapen, 483 

Tapos, 484 

Tatapajan, 485 

Teh, 486 

Telor Kotok, 487 

Tempuyung, 488 

Tengeh Caah, 489 

Tenung, 490 

Tepus, 491 

Tisuk, 492 

Tokbray, 493 

Tunggeureuk, 494 

Turi, 495 

Tuur Munding, 496 

Uluk-Uluk, 497 

Urang-aring, 498 

Waru Lot – Tangkoro, 499 

Wiru – Kakalapaan, 500 

Index of Sundanese names | 165

166 | 

Index of Latin names 

Abrus precatorius L., 90 

Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex Benth., 269 

_____ leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd., 422 

Acalypha boehmerioides Miq., 430 

_______ hispida Burm.f., 476 

Acer laurinum Hassk., 139 

Achyranthes aspera L., 158 

Acorus calamus L., 88 

Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq., 160: 320 

Actinodaphne angustifolia (Blume) Nees, 142 

__________ glomerata (Blume) Nees, 135 

__________ procera Nees, 132 

__________ sphaerocarpa (Blume) Nees, 136 

Adina polycephala Benth., 231 

Adinandra sarosanthera Miq., 324 

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa, 375 

Agalmyla parasitica (Lamk) O.K., 14 

Agathis damara (Lamb.) L.C. Rich., 258 

Ageratum conyzoides L., 25 

Aglaia pachyphylla Miq., 462 

_____ silvestris (M.Roem.) Merr., 103 

Alangium chinensis (Lour.) Harms, 254 

Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr., 170 

_____ procera (Roxb.) Benth., 271 

Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd., 391 

Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd., 359 

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., 362 

Altingia excelsa Noronha, 439 

Alyxia reinwardtii Blume, 401 

Amorphophalus spectabilis (Miq.) Engl., 473 

Anacardium occidentale L., 152 

Anadendrum microstachyum ( Miq.) Backer & Alderw., 16 

Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., 86 

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wallich ex Nees, 306

Annona muricata L., 465 

______ squamosa L., 453 

Antiaris toxicaria Lesch., 195 

Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn., 393 

________ tetrandum Blume, 273 : 329 

Aporosa arborea (Blume) Muell. Arg., 294:441 

Archidendron ellipticum (Blume) I.C. Nielsen, 250 

__________ pauciflorum (Benth.) Nielsen, 161 

Ardisia crispa (Thunberg ex Murray) DC., 229 

_____ lurida Blume, 363 

_____ sanguinolenta Blume, 364 

Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr., 6 

Arthrophyllum diversifolium Blume, 112 

Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg, 470 

________ heterophyllus Lamk, 392 

________ integer (Thunb.) Merr., 62 

________ rigidus Blume, 433 

Arytera littoralis Blume, 297 

Astronia macrophylla Blume, 122: 268 

______ spectabilis Blume, 251 

Averrhoa bilimbi L., 30 

_______ carambola L., 29 

Azadirachta indica Juss., 390 

Baccaurea dulcis (Jack) Mull. Arg., 194 

________ javanica (Blume) Mull. Arg., 129 

________ lanceolata (Miq.) Mull. Arg., 367 

________ racemosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Mull.Arg., 42 

Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Mull. Arg., 199 

Barringtonia insignis (Blume) Miq., 435 

Begonia robusta Bl., 39 

Beilschmiedia madang (Blume) Blume, 141 

Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff, 126 

Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC, 458 

Blumeodendron tokbrai (Blume) J.J. Smith, 493 

Bombax valetonii Hochr., 178 

Bouea macrophylla Griffith, 101 

Brassaiopsis glomerulata (Bl.) Regel, 403 

Breynia racemosa (Blume) Muell. Arg., 249 

Index of Latin names | 167


Bridelia glauca Blume, 189 

______ monoica (Lour.) Merr., 188 

Bruinsmia styracoides Boerl. et Kds., 257 

Caesalpinia sappan L., 457 

Calliandra calothyrsus Meisner, 183 

Callicarpa longifolia Lamk, 204 

Calophyllum dasypodum Miq., 315 

__________ soulattri Burm.f., 47 

__________ venulosum Zoll., 325 

Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, 486 

Canarium hirsutum Willd., 247 

________ indicum L., 221 

________ kipella Miq., 313 

Canthium confertum Korth., 255 

________ horridum Blume, 185 

Carica papaya L., 106 

Caryota rumphiana Blume ex Mart., 472 

______ mitis Lour., 452 

Cassia fistula L., 50 

Cassytha filiformis L., 449 

Castanopsis acuminatissima (Blume) A. DC., 319 

_________ javanica (Blume) DC., 156: 270: 450 

_________ tungurrut (Blume) A. DC., 494 

Cassuarina junghuhniana Miq., 73 

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, 481 

Cathormion umbellatum (Vahl) Kosterm., 361 

Catimbium malaccensis (Burm.f.) Holtt., 360 

Celtis cinnamomea Lindl. ex Planch., 337 

____ tetrandra Roxb., 278 

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., 5 

Chionanthus macrocarpus Blume, 317 

__________ nitens K. et V., 345 

Chisocheton microcarpus K. et V., 312 

Chloranthus elatior R. Br. ex Link, 496 

Chromolaena ordorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Robinson, 318 

Chrysophyllum cainito L., 456 

___________ roxburghii G. Don, 241 

Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume, 339

____________ sintoc Blume, 463 

Citrus aurantifolia (Christm. & Panzer) Swingle, 168 

_____ grandis (L.) Osbeck, 167 

_____ hystrix DC., 169 

_____ nobilis Lour., 164 

_____ reticulata Blanco, 166 

_____ sinensis (L.) Osbeck, 167 

Claoxylon longifolium (Blume) Endl. ex Hassk, 347 

Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don, 123 

Clitoria ternatea L., 219 

Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev., 266 

Costus speciosus (Koen.) J.E. Smith, 395 

Crateva religiosa Forst.f., 35 

Crotalaria pallida Aiton, 217 

Croton argyratus Blume, 405 

_____ tiglium L., 218 

Crypteronia paniculata Blume, 237 

Cubilia cubili (Blanco) Adelb., 451 

Curcuma domestica Valeton, 353 

_______ xanthorrhiza Roxb., 354 

Cyathea contaminans (Wallich ex Hook.) Copel, 399 

Cyrtandra picta Blume, 443 

Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laubenf., 154 

Daphne composita (L.f.) Gilg., 180 

Datura metel L., 356 

Deeringia amaranthoides (Lamk) Merr., 402 

Dehaasia caesia Blume, 138 

Dendrocnide sinuata (Blume) Chew, 429 

Dendrolobium umbellatum (L.) Benth., 190 

Dialium indum L., 22 

Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) W. & A., 96 

Dinochloa scandens (Blume ex Nees) O. Kuntze, 66 

Dioscorea alata L., 146 

_______ hispida Dennst., 99 

Diospyros discolor Willd., 49 

_______ kaki L.f., 225 

Diplazium esculentum (Retzius) Swartz, 396 

Dipterocarpus hasseltii Blume, 400 



Dissochaeta leprosa (Blume) Blume, 314 

Distylium stellare O.K., 336 

Dolichandrone spathacea (L.f.) K. Schum., 276 

Dracaena angustifolia Roxburgh, 17: 469 

Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merill & Rolfe, 85 

Durio zibethinus Murray, 95 

Dysoxylum arborescens (Blume) Miq., 192 

________ alliaceum (Blume) Blume, 239 

________ excelsum Blume, 264 

________ gaudichaudianum (A.Juss.) Miq., 213 

________ macrocarpum Blume, 265 

________ parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm., 385 

Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., 498 

Ehretia javanica Blume, 235 

Eleaocarpus angustifolius Blume, 104 

_________ floribundus Blume, 116 

_________ grandiflorus J.E. Smith., 229 

_________ obtusus Blume, 475 

_________ petiolatus (Jack) Wall., 155 

_________ submonoceras Miq., 203 

Elateriospermum tapos Blume, 484 

Elephantopus scaber L., 482 

Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC., 174 

Engelhardia spicata Lesch. ex Blume, 272: 285 

Erechtites valerianifolia (Wolf.) DC., 464 

Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., 372 

Ervatamia sphaerocarpa (Blume) Burkill, 122 

Erythrina fusca Loureiro, 67 

_______ subumbrans (Hassk.) Merrill, 84 

_______ variegata L., 83 

Erythroxylum cuneatum (Miq.) Kurz., 244 

Etlingera elatoir (Jack) R.M. Smith, 130 

Eugenia uniflora L., 77 

Euonymus javanicus Blume, 286 

Eupatorium inulifolium H.B.K., 26 

Eurya acuminata DC., 350 

Excoecaria virgata Zoll. & Moritzi ex Miq., 91 

Fagraea elliptica Roxburgh, 281

Fibraurea tinctoria Lour., 287 

Ficus sp., 261 

____ benjamina L., 71 

____ calophylla Blume, 233 

____ callosa Willd., 404 

____ drupacea Thunb., 234 

____ fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume, 44 

____ grossularioides Burm.f., 117: 459 

____ magnoliaefolia Blume, 59 

____ melinocarpa Blume, 87 

____ montana Burm.f., 2 

____ padana Burm.f., 118 

____ punctata Thunberg, 20 

____ racemosa L., 373 

____ ribes Reinw., 349 

____ septica Burm.f., 368 

____ variegata Blume, 352 

Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl, 27 

Flacourtia rukam Zollinger & Moritzi, 444 

Ganophyllum falcatum Blume, 230 

Garcinia celebica L., 381 

______ parvifolia (Miquel) Miquel, 79: 187 

Gigantochloa apus (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kurz, 23 

__________ verticillata (Willd.) Munro, 24 

Gironniera subaequalis Planch., 248 

Globba pendula Roxburgh, 171 

Glochidion arborescens Blume, 387 

________ borneese (Mull. Arg.) Boerl., 386 

________ molle Blume, 275 

________ obscurum (Roxb. ex Willd.) Blume, 311 

________ rubrum Blume, 310 : 342 

Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) A. DC., 113 

Gnetum gnemon L., 479 

Goniothalamus macrophyllus (Blume) Hook.f. & Thoms., 253 

Gonystylus macrophyllus (Miq.) Airy Shaw, 100 

Gordonia exselsa Blume, 301 

Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br., 447 

Grewia paniculata Roxburgh ex DC., 89 



Guioa diplopetala (Hassk.) Radlk., 240 

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr., 184 

Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr., 105 

Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig, 102 

Helicia attenuate (Jack) Blume, 262 

_____ javanica Blume, 222 

_____ robusta (Roxb.) R. Br. ex Wall., 490 

_____ serrata (R.Br) Blume, 33 

Hemigraphis alternata (Burm.f) T. Anderson, 440 

Hibiscus decaspermus Koord. & Valeton., 499 

______ macrophyllus Roxb. ex Hornem., 492 

Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz, 7 

Hornstedtia megalochelius Ridley, 491 

_________ pinanga (Blume) Valeton, 423 

Horsfieldia glabra (Blume)Warb., 182 

Hydnocarpus heterophylla Blume, 186 

Hypobathrum racemosum (Roxb.) Kurz, 267 

Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., 176 

Ilex cymosa Blume, 323 

___triflora Blume, 209 

Impatiens platypetala Lindley, 394 

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv., 98 

Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Kuntze, 147 

Ipomoea aculeata Blume var. mollissima (Zoll.) Hallier f. ex Ooststr., 497 

______ nil (L.) Roth, 12 

Ixora coccinea L., 468 

____ grandifolia Z. & M., 333 

Kadsura scandens (Blume) Blume, 131 

Kibatalia arborea (Bl.) G.Don, 242 

Knema intermedia (Blume) Warb., 304 

_____ laurina (Blume) Warb., 144 

Lagerstroemia ovalifolia Teijsm. & Binnend., 54 

Lantana camara L., 75: 448 

Laurentia longiflora (L.) Peterm., 289 

Leea aequata L., 110 

____indica (Burm.f.) Merrill, 471 

____rubra Blume, 111 

Leonurus sibiricus L., 93

Lepisanthes amoena (Hassk.) Leenh., 367 

________ senegalensis (Poir.) Leenh., 299 

________ tetraphylla (Vahl) Radlk., 298 

Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk) de Wit, 418 

Leucosyke capitellata (Poir.) Wedd., 243 

Licuala pumila Blume, 500 

Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau, 108 

Limnophila aromatica (Lamk) Merr., 214 

_________erecta Benth., 215 

_________rugosa (Roth) Merr., 114 

Limonia acidissima L., 205 

Lindera bibracteata (Blume) Boerl., 328 

______ polyantha (Blume) Boerl., 326 

Lithocarpus Blume, 407 

_________daphnoideus (Blume) A. Camus, 414 

_________elegans (Blume) Hatus. ex Soepadmo, 412 

_________indutus (Blume) Rehder, 409 

_________javensis Blume, 413 

_________korthalsii (Endl.) Soepadmo, 408 

_________pseudomoluccus (Blume) Rehder, 410 

_________sundaicus (Blume) Rehder, 415 

Litsea cubeba (Lour) Pers., 371 

_____ fulva (Blume) F. Vill., 134 

_____ garciae Vidal, 478 

Lopatherum gracile Brongn., 480 

Lophopetalum javanicum (Zoll.) Turcz., 133 

Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven, 57 

Luvunga sarmentosa (Blume) Kurz, 316 

Macaranga rhizinoides (Blume) Muell. Arg., 380 

________ tanarius (L.) Mull. Arg., 383 

________ triloba (Blume) Mull. Arg., 384 

Macrolenes muscosa (Blume) Bakh.f., 11 

Macropanax dispermus (Blume) O.K., 76 

Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Lour.) v. Tiegh., 377 

Maesopsis eminii Engl., 207 

Magnolia macklottii (Korth.) Dandy, 34 

Mallotus paniculatus (Lmk) Muell. Arg., 58 

_______philippensis (Lamk) Mull. Arg., 303 



_______ tiliaefolius (Blume) Muell. Arg., 483 

Mangifera foetida Lour., 28 

________indica L., 378 

________laurina Blume, 379 

________odorata Griff., 41 

Manglietia glauca Blume, 382 

Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg, 81 

Mapania cuspidata (Miq.) Uittien, 467 

Mastixia rostrata Blume, 335 

_______trichotoma Blume, 163 

Melicope latifolia (DC.) T. Hartley, 322 

Meliosma lanceolata Blume, 343 

_______ pinnata (Roxb.) Maxim., 344 

Melochia corchorifolia L., 157 

Melothria maderaspatana (L.) Cogn., 51 

Memecylon garcinioides Blume, 283 

_________intermedium Blume, 282 

Merremia hederacea (Burm.f.) Hallier f., 485 

_______ peltata (L.) Merr., 8 

_______ tuberosa (L.) Rendle, 13 

Michelia montana Blume, 61 

Microsorium scolopendrium (Burm.f. ) Copel., 398 

Miliusa longifes King, 181 

Mimosa pudica L., 177 

Moghania strobilifera (L.) St. Hil. ex O.K., 117 

Momordica charantia L., 406 

Morinda citrifolia L., 69 

_______ tomentosa Roth., 351 

Morus alba L., 38 

_____macroura Miq., 224 

Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC., 355 

Muntingia calabura L., 223 

Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, 220 

Musa L., 425 

____ acuminata Colla, 72 

Mussaenda frondosa L., 466 

Myrica javanica Reinw. ex Blume, 340 

Myristica iners Blume, 296

Nauclea orientalis (L.) L., 107 

Neesia altissima (Blume) Blume, 43 

Neolitsea cassiaefolia (Blume) Merr., 246 

Neonauclea lanceolata (Blume) Merr., 65 

_________excelsa (Blume) Merr., 321 

_________pallida (Reinw.) Bakh.f., 489 

Neoscortechinia kingie (Hook.f.) Pax & K. Hoffm., 389 

Nephelium lappaceum L., 436 

_________ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh., 193 

Nothaphoebe macrocarpa (Blume) Kosterm., 294 

Nyssa javanica (Bl.) Wang., 191 

Ochroma lagopus Swartz, 31 

Omalanthus populneus (Geiseler) Pax, 197 

Oncosperma tigilaria (Jack) Ridl., 97 

Oplismenus compositus (L.) Beauv., 153 

Orophea hexandra Blume, 455 

Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, 428 

Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miquel, 357 

Oxalis corniculata L., 60 

Paederia foetida L., 179 

Pandanus furcatus Roxburgh, 68 

Pangium edule Reinw., 421 

Parartocarpus venenosus (Zoll. & Moritzi) Becc., 432 

Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr., 420 

Passiflora edulis Sims, 416 

Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth, 454 

Pericamplylus glaucus Merr., 10 

Perrottetia alpestris (Blume) Loes, 274 

Persea americana Miller, 1 

_____rimosa (Blume) Kosterm., 140 

Phanera fulva (Blume ex Korth.) Bth., 15 

Phoebe grandis (Ness) Merr., 143 

Phrynium pubinerve Blume, 417 

Phyllanthus niruri L., 388 

Physalis angulata L., 80 

Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Blume, 426 

Pinanga coronata (Blume ex Martelli) Blume, 45 

Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese, 424 



Piper aduncum L., 460 

Pittosporum ferrogineum Aiton, 137 

Plantago major L., 348 

Platea excelsa Blume, 376 

_____ latifolia Blume, 280 

Platymitra macrocarpa Boerl., 295 

Plectocomia elongata Martelli ex Blume, 52 

Plectranthus scutellaroides (L.) R.Br., 159 

Pluchea indica (L.) Less., 32 

Plumbago zeylanica L., 259 

Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don, 309 

Polygala paniculata L., 291 

______ venenosa Juss. ex Poir., 346 

Polyosma ilicifolia Blume, 232 

_______ integrifolia Blume, 277 

_______ longipes Koord. & Valeton, 279 

Pometia pinnata J.R. & G. Forster, 370 

Premna integrifolia L., 330 

______pubescens Blume, 263 

______tomentosa Willd., 53 

Protium javanicum Burm.f., 477 

Prunus arborea (Blume) Kalkman, 206 

______javanica (Teijsm. & Binnend.) Miq., 162 

Psidium guajava L., 150 

Psychotria jackii Hook.f., 290 

Pternandra azurea (Blume) Burkill, 148 

Pterocarpus indicus Willd., 4 

Pterospermum diversifolium Blume, 78 

___________javanicum Jungh., 36 

Punica granatum L., 92 

Quercus lineata Blume, 411 

Radermachera gigantea (Blume) Miq., 307 

glandulosa (Blume) Miq., 308 

Rhodamnia cinerea Jack, 245 

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (W. Aiton) Hassk., 124 

Rubus moluccanus L., 125 

_____rosaefolius J.E. Smith, 37 

Saccharum spontaneum L., 200

Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss, 445 

Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f. ) Merrill, 208 

Saurauaia bracteosa DC., 300 

Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr., 202 

_______rhamnoides Blume, 487 

Schefflera aromatica (Blume) Harms, 18 

_______lucida (Blume) Frodin, 437 

Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth., 434 

Schismatologlottis rupestris Zollinger & Moritzi, 70 

Schoutenia kunstleri King, 341 

________ ovata Korth., 127 

Scolopia spinosa (Roxb.) Warb., 284 

Selaginella plana (Desv.) Hieron., 438 

Senna alata L., 226 

_____timoriensis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & R.C. Barneby, 128 

_____tora (L.) Roxb., 201 

Sericocalyx crispus (L.) Blume, 216 

Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poirret, 495 

Sida rhombifolia L., 461 

Siphonodon celastrineus Griff., 145: 331 

Sloanea sigun (Bl.) K. Schum., 40 

______ sigun (Blume) K. Schumann, 334 

Smilax macrocarpa Blume, 63 

Solanum lasiocarpum Dun., 198 

_______nigrum L., 369 

_______torvum Swartz, 474 

Sonchus arvensis L., 488 

Spathodea campanulata Beauv., 227 

Spatholobus ferrugineus (Zollinger & Moritzi) Benth., 9 

Spilanthes iabadicensis A.H. Moore, 175 

Spondias cytherea Sonnerat, 211 

_______mombin L., 212 

_______pinnata (L.f.) Kurz, 210 

Staurogyne elongata (Blume.) O. Kuntze, 442 

Stelechocarpus burahol (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson, 55 

Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd., 397 

Sterculia rubiginosa Vent., 121 

Swietenia mahagoni Jacq., 374 



Symplocos fasciculata Zoll., 173 

_______ odoratissima (Blume) Choisy ex Zoll., 327 

Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, 74 

_______ cumini (L.) Skeels, 149 

_______ jambos (L.) Alston, 151 

_______ lineatum (DC.) Merr. & Perry, 332 

_______ pycnanthum Merrill & Perry, 288 

_______ polyanthum (Wight) Walp., 446 

Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H. Ohashi, 109 

Tamarindus indica L., 21 

Tarennoidea Triveng. & Sastre, 252 

Tetrameles nudiflora R.Br., 46 

Tetrastigma dichotomum (Blume) Planch., 238 

Theobroma cacao L., 82 

Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson, 3 

Trema orientalis (L.) Blume, 358 

Trevesia sundaica Miquel, 427 

Trichosanthes tricusipidata Lour., 19 

Trichospermum javanicum Blume, 94 

Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq., 431 

Turpinia montana (Blume) Kurz, 196 

_______sphaerocarpa Hassk., 236 

Urophyllum arboreum (Reinw. ex Blume) Korth., 256 

Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham., 119 

Villebrunea rubescens Blume, 305 

Vitex pinnata L., 293 

Weinmannia blumei Planch., 302: 419 

Wrightia javanica A. DC., 48 

Xanthophyllum excelsum (Blume) Miq., 260 

Xerospermum noronhianum (Blume) Blume, 56 

Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC., 338 

Zingiber aromaticum Val., 365 

Ziziphus horsfieldii Blume, 172

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While conducting field work in West Java we discovered a dearth of up-to-date 

information on naturally occurring species, especially with references to the most 

common Sundanese vernacular names used by local residents. Gunung Halimun Salak 

National Park in West Java, Indonesia, is located between 106o12΄58˝ and 106o45΄50˝ 

east and 06o32΄14˝ and 06o55΄12˝ south. More than 700 species of flowering plants 

belonging to natural forest, covering 390 genera and 119 families, have been identified 

in the park. We conducted fieldwork in this area from 2007 to 2009 to implement a 

project called ‘Sustainable Utilisation of Diverse Forest Environmental Benefits’. During 

fieldwork we recorded biophysical aspects including vegetation measurement. 

Due to the lack of information available through a species checklist, we decided to 

produce such a list in collaboration with park rangers, local residents and botanists. 

We structured this guide to give rapid information about forest composition in the 

area while highlighting the Sundanese vernacular names to make the book accessible 

for local residents. We researched supporting data from earlier research, historical 

species checklists, experts and botanical reference materials available on the Web. We 

focused on including 500 species, most of which are commonly used in this area, such 

as commercial timber trees, fruits trees and medicinal plants. Each species described 

includes the Sundanese name, the scientific name, the family, other vernacular 

names and geographic distribution. We have for the most part also included brief 

descriptions of their use. As 2010 is the Year of Biodiversity, we hope this guide will 

give both experts and park visitors a deeper understanding of the abundant variety of 

species in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. 

www.cifor.cgiar.org www.ForestsClimateChange.org 

Center for International Forestry Research 

CIFOR advances human wellbeing, environmental conservation and equity 

by conducting research to inform policies and practices that affect forests in 

developing countries. CIFOR is one of 15 centres within the Consultative Group 

on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). CIFOR’s headquarters are in 

Bogor, Indonesia. It also has offices in Asia, Africa and South America.

Five hundred plant species in gunung Halimun Salak ... - CIFOR

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