Family 253. VERBENACEAE Callicarpa Linnaeus LUZON: Abra ...

Family 253. VERBENACEAERevisions:Lam, HJ & RC Bakhuizen van den Brink. 1921. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique du Buitenzorg ser. 3,3: 1-116.Kochummen, KM. 1978. Verbenaceae. Tree Flora of Malaya 3: 297-313.Callicarpa LinnaeusCallicarpa albido-tomentella Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 300; EPFP 3 (1923) 382; --Type: BS26976 Ramos (US*, iso). Luzon: Abra prov., Mt. Posuey, along small streams in forests, altitude c.120m, 5 Feb 1917.LUZON: Abra. Lowland forests along streams.Callicarpa angusta Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 642; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 382. –Cuming1425 (K*, holo?, iso NY*). Luzon: Nueva Ecija prov.LUZON: Zambales (Subic), Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Rizal (Bosoboso), MINDORO:Mindoro Occidental (Tubili). Lowland thickets and secondary forests.Callicarpa apoensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 861; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 382; --Type: Elmer 11491(iso: A*, GH*, L*, NY*, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Aug 1909.MINDANAO: Davao. Forests, altitude c. 1700m.Callicarpa arborea Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 10 (1814), nomen; Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall., I (1820) 405;Fl.Ind., ed. Carey, 1 (1832) 390.var. psilocalyx (HJ Lam) Moldenke, Phytologia 4 (1952) 125; --basionym:Callicarpa magna Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 641; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 386.LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Laguna, Quezon, PALAWAN, MINDANAO. Chiefly inlowland and medium altitude secondary forests. (as C. magna)Callicarpa basilanensis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 262; EPFP 3 (1923) 382. –Syntypes (all fromBasilan): Hallier 4425 (L*). Basilan, Jan 1904; --FB 3974 WI Hutchinson (not seen), Jan 1906; --FB 6124 Hutchinson (NY*, US*), Jul 1906.BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Misamis Occidental. Chiefly in lowland secondaryforests.Callicarpa bicolor Juss., Ann. Mus. Paris 7 (1806) 77.var. bermejosii Moldenke, Phytologia 14 (1967) 398. --Type: BS 1534 J Bermejos (US*, holo; iso inNY*).Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Bulalacao.MINDORO: Mindoro Orientalvar. subintegrifolia Moldenke, Phytologia xxx --Type: PNH 39880 J Ramos (US*, holo). Luzon:Laguna prov., Pangil, 27 May 1959.LUZON: Laguna (Pangil).Callicarpa candicans (Burm.f.) Hochr., Candollea 5 (1934) 190.Callicarpa cana L., Mant. 2 (1771) 198; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 401; EPFP 3 (1923) 382.Malesia to the Bismarck Archipelago, Marianas, Carolines, Palau Isls, Australia.N LUZON (Cagayan) to PALAWAN and MINDANAO, in most or all islands andprovinces. Lowland thickets and secondary forests. (as C. cana).

Callicarpa caudata Maxim., Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 31 (1887) 76; --Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 299;idem. 5 c (1910) Bot. 380; EPFP 3 (1923) 383; --Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 862. –Type: Cuming 1095(K*, type status not certain). Luzon: Albay prov.LUZON: Abra, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Laguna, Quezon,MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), MINDANAO: Misamis, Davao. Steep openslopes, in thickets, stream depressions, pine and montane forests, altitude 1200-2200m.Callicarpa cauliflora Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 338; EPFP 3 (1923) 383. --Type: FB 9321 Whitford &Hutchinson (US*, iso). Mindanao: Zamboanga del Sur prov., Port Banga, canyons in forest, altitudec. 20m, 13 Jan 1908.MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur. Low altitude forested ravines.Callicarpa cumingiana Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 644; --Fern.-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 158;--Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 383. –Type: Cuming 1707 (K*, type status uncertain). Samar.Geunsia cumingiana (Schauer) Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 315; --Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885)133; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 207; --Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 343; --Callicarpa pentandraRoxb. var. cumingiana (Schauer) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 16.Callicarpa affinis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 864. –Syntypes: Elmer 10856 (A*, BISH*, GH*, K*, NY*, US*).Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, ‘lightly wooded ridges at 3500ft south of the Baruring River’,Jun 1909; --Elmer 11102 (A*, BISH*, GH*, K*, L* 2 sheets, NY*, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo,Todaya, shrubberies near the sea coast, Jul 1909.Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas. LUZON: Albay, POLILLO, PANAY (Capiz), NEGROS:Negros Occidental (Cadiz), LEYTE: Leyte (Palo), SAMAR, MINDANAO: Zamboanga delSur (Tetuan), Misamis Occidental (Mt Malindang), Davao (Mt Apo), SIARGAO, BUCASGRANDE. Lowland and medium altitude secondary forests.Callicarpa denticulata Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 430; EPFP 3 (1923) 383. --Type: BS 3622 E Fenix(US*, iso). Batan: Basco, 30 May 1907.BATAN (Basco), CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES. Low altitude thickets, open slopes.Callicarpa dolichophylla Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 339; EPFP 3 (1923) 384. --Type: Cuming 1330(A*, iso). Luzon: Cagayan.LUZON: Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya (Mt Umugum), Bulacan, Rizal (Bosoboso). Lowlandor medium altitude thickets and secondary forests.Callicarpa elegans Hayek in Just’s Bot. Jahresber. 33 (1905) 88; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 384. –Type:Cuming 1460 (K*, type status not verified, iso NY*). Luzon: Camarines Sur prov.Philippines, Palau. LUZON: Ilocos Norte (Mt Piau), Pangasinan, Abra (Mt Paraga),Cagayan, Zambales (Subic; Candelaria; Cabiluagan), Bataan (Lamao River), Bulacan,Quezon, Camarines Sur, MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (SW of Lake Naujan), SIBUYAN,PANAY. Chiefly in lowland forests along streams.Callicarpa erioclona Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 643; --Fern.-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 158; --Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 134; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 208; --Merr., PJS 1 (1906)Suppl. 121; EPFP 3 (1923) 384; --Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 866. --Type: Cuming 911 (K*, type statusnot verified; iso NY*). Luzon: Albay prov.Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland. LUZON(Cagayan to Sorsogon), MINDORO, NEGROS, LEYTE, MINDANAO. Lowland primaryand secondary forests, often rather common.forma rivularis (Merr.) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 19; --Callicarpa rivularis Merr., PJS7 c (1912) Bot. 340; EPFP 3 (1923) 387. --Type: BS 660 Foxworthy (US*, iso). Palawan: Palawanprov., Mt Victoria, on rocky riverbanks at an altitude of c. 1150m, 23 Mar 1906.

PALAWAN: Mt Victoria. Riverbanks and stream-bed boulders, altitude 60-1000m.Callicarpa fasciculiflora Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 313; EPFP 3 (1923) 384. --Type: BS 35123 Ramos &Pascasio (US*, iso). Bucas Grande, Jun 1919.BUCAS GRANDE. Low altitude open forests.Callicarpa flavida Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 863; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 384. –Type: Elmer 13822MINDANAO: Davao, Agusan del Norte, DINAGAT. Lowland forests on Dinagat, inMindanao on mountains 1200-1500m.Callicarpa formosana Rolfe, J. Bot. 20 (1882) 358; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 385; --YP Yang et al., Fl.Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 406, pl. 176.Callicarpa blancoi Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 315; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 401.S & SE China, Taiwan, Okinawa, Philippines. Throughout the archipelago. Low andmedium altitude thickets and secondary forests.Callicarpa lancifolia Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 70; EPFP 3 (1923) 385. –Type: BS 11078 RamosLUZON: Tayabas, MINDORO, TICAO, CEBU, BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga,Lanao, Surigao del Norte. Lowland and medium altitude forests, ascending to 1000m.Callicarpa longifolia Lam., Encycl. 1 (1785) 563; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 385. –Type: Merrill 1214Callicarpa attenuatifolia Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2870. –Type: Elmer 13536 (BISH*, GH*, K*, NA*, NY*, US*,iso). Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta (=Hilong-hilong), ‘in rich humidsoil of an open grassy place on Mt Giwantawan at 3000ft altitude’, Aug 1912.India, across Malesia to New Guinea and New Ireland. LUZON: La Union, Apayao,Quezon, POLILLO, MINDORO, CATANDUANES, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao,Surigao. Lowland and medium altitude thickets and forests.Callicarpa longipetiolata Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 47; EPFP 3 (1923) 386.--Type: Elmer 6266 (NY*,US*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., Mt. Sto Tomas, May 1904.Callicarpa longipetiolata Merr. var glabrescens Moldenke, Phytologia, xxxx (not in IPNI), --Type:Vanoverbergh 1376 (U*, holo; iso NY*). Luzon: Mountain Province, 30 Jun 1914.LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet. Thickets bordering pine forests, altitude 1600-2000m.Callicarpa magnifolia Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 437; EPFP 3 (1923) 386. –Type: BS 37563 Ramos &Edaño (K*, iso). Luzon: Kalinga prov., Lubuagan, Mt Masingit, Feb 1920.LUZON: Kalinga. Forests, altitude c. 1200m.Callicarpa megalantha Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 71; EPFP 3 (1923) 386. --Type: BS 49387McGregor (US*, iso). Luzon: Ifugao prov., Mt. Polis, Feb 1913.LUZON: Mountain Province, Ifugao. Mossy forests at or above 1500m.Callicarpa micrantha Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philipp. (1885) 187; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 386. –Type:Cuming 1165 (K*, type status as to holo or iso not certain). Luzon: Albay prov.LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Albay. Lowland thickets.Callicarpa nigrescens Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 425. --Type: BS 44297 Ramos & Edaño (NY*, US*, iso).Tawi-tawi, in secondary forests at low altitudes, Jul-Aug 1924.TAWI-TAWI. Low altitude secondary forest. Merrill cites 2 collections.Callicarpa obtusifolia Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 451; EPFP 3 (1923) 387. --Type: BS 32921 Ramos(US*, iso). Luzon: Ilocos Norte prov., Burgos.

LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Lowland thickets.Callicarpa pachyclada Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 195. –Type: BS 45640 Ramos & Edaño(PNH, holo, possibly lost; iso A*, B*, NY*, UC, US*). Luzon: Quirino prov., Mt Alzapan, on forestedslopes, altitude c. 1600m, 24 May 1925.LUZON: Quirino (Mt Alzapan). Montane forests, altitude c. 1600m.Callicarpa paloensis Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 336; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 387. --Type: Elmer 7370 (A*,NY*, iso). Leyte: Palo, Jan 1906.Callicarpa sorsogonensis Elmer ex Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 22, in syn. –Type: Elmer16939 (NA*, K*, iso). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Irosin, Mt Bulusan, Aug 1916.LUZON: Sorsogon, LEYTE. Forests, altitude c. 300m. Very close to C. flavida Elmer exBakh.Callicarpa pentandra Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 1 (1832) 395; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 387. –Type fromxxxGeunsia pentandra (Roxb.) Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 309; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 305.Geunsia hookeri Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 342. –Type: Cuming 1773 (L*, iso). Cebu: no further localitydata.Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, Ambon, New Guinea. NEGROS, CEBU, MINDANAO:Davao. Low and medium altitude forests, ascending to 1700m.Callicarpa phanerophlebia Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 301; EPFP 3 (1923) 387. --Type: BS 26233Ramos & Edaño (NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: Nueva Ecija prov., Mt Umingan (=Mingan), in open placesalong streams, altitude c. 50m, 8 Aug 1916.LUZON: Nueva Ecija (Mt Mingan), Laguna. Lowland open places along streams.Callicarpa platyphylla Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 57; EPFP 3 (1923) 387. --Type: FB 26967Velasco (A*, US*, iso). Luzon: Cagayan prov., Jul-Aug 1917.LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela. Lowland forests.Callicarpa plumosa Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 196. –Type: BS 46928 Ramos & Edaño(PNH, holo, possibly lost; iso A*, 2 sheets, B*, NY*, UC, US*). Luzon: Isabela prov., San Mariano,along forested streams, altitude c. 400m, 15 Mar 1926.LUZON: Isabela (San Mariano). Forested streams, altitude c. 400m.Callicarpa ramiflora Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 262; EPFP 3 (1923) 387. --Syntypes: MS Clemens1167 (US*). Mindanao: Lanao del Sur prov., Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Sept 1907; --MSClemens s.n. (not seen), same locality, Jul 1907.CATANDUANES, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Low and medium altitude forests,ascending to xxx m.Callicarpa ramosii (Moldenke) Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3 (1999) 12; --Geunsia ramosiiMoldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 10. --Type: BS 33838 Ramos & Edaño (NY*, holo). Luzon:Camarines Sur prov., Mt Bagacay, Nov-Dec 1918.LUZON: Camarines Sur (Mt Bagacay).Callicarpa stenophylla Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 380; EPFP 3 (1923) 388. –Type: BS 5739 Ramos(K*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., Sablan River near Baguio, Dec 1908.LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur (Mt Malaya), Benguet (Mt Pulag; Sablan River), NuevaEcija. Lowland and medium altitude thickets, ascending to 1500m.Callicarpa subalbida Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 337; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 388. --Type: Elmer 9184 (A*,K*, NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: Quezon prov., Lucban, May 1907.

LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, POLILLO, MINDORO. Low and medium altitude forests alongstreams.Callicarpa subintegra Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 299; EPFP 3 (1923) 388. --Type: BS 26619Ramos & Edaño (A*, K*, NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: Aurora prov., Mt. Dingalan, on dry slopes, altitudec. 200m, 25 Aug 1916.var. subintegraLUZON: Aurora, Rizal. Low altitude forest, altitude c. 200m.var. parva Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) 300; EPFP 3 (1923) 388. –Type: BS 26465 Ramos & Edaño (A*, K*,NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: Nueva Ecija prov., Mt Umingan, on forested slopes, altitude c. 350m, 13Aug 1916.LUZON: Nueva Ecija, Camarines. Forests, altitude 300-600m.Callicarpa surigaensis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 262; EPFP 3 (1923) 388. –Syntypes (both fromMindanao: Surigao del Norte prov.): WB Allen 168 (not seen), Jul 1907; --Ahern 318 (not seen),May 1901.Callicarpa longivillosa Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 313; EPFP 3 (1923) 386. --Type: BS 34538 Ramos & Pascasio(L*, iso). Mindanao: Surigao del Norte prov., Apr 1919.MINDANAO: Cotabato, Surigao del Norte. Lowland primary forests, also along streams.Callicarpa weberi Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 298; EPFP 3 (1923) 388. –Type: Weber s.n. (A*, iso ).Bancalan Island (between Palawan and Balabac), altitude 6m, 26 Sept 1916.BANCALAN. Lowland thickets or forests.Ined.Callicarpa caudatifolia Merr., ined. --Voucher: BS 22919 RC McGregor (K*). Luzon: Laguna prov.,Jun-Aug 1915.Clerodendron =ClerodendrumClerodendrum LinnaeusClerodendrum apayaoense Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 343, t. 15; --Type: Vanoverbergh 17592(NY*, iso). Luzon: Apayao prov., Allokapan.LUZON: Apayao (Allokapan). In forest, c. 50m alt. Known only from the type.Clerodendrum bethuneanum Low, Sarawak (1848) 378; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 400.Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Bataan, Quezon, Laguna, Camarines, POLILLO,PALAWAN, BALABAC, CATANDUANES, MASBATE, PANAY, NEGROS, CEBU,LEYTE, BASILAN, MINDANAO. Lowland thickets, clearings and secondary forests. Verysimilar to C. intermedium Cham.Clerodendrum brachyanthum Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 668; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 400.LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Abra, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya,Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Camarines, Sorsogon, POLILLO, MINDORO, CATANDUANES,LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan. Chiefly in lowland to medium altitude secondary forests.Often common.Clerodendrum calamatosum L., Mant. 1 (1767) 90; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 403; EPFP 3 (1923)400.

Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java. Introduced to the Philippines. LUZON: La Union,Pangasinan, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Tayabas, Bataan, Rizal, Camarines,BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Chiefly in cultivation for ornamental purposes,occasional in waste places about towns.Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabb., Pl. Book (1989) repr. ed. 707; --YP Yang et al., Fl.Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 416.Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 667; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 401, undersynonymy of C. fragrans Vent. –Type: Cuming 1096 (GH*, iso). Philippines. No definite localitycited.Clerodendrum fragrans Vent., Jard. Malm. 2 (1804) t. 70; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 402; EPFP 3 (1923) 401.China to C Malesia, now widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical Asia. Naturalized inS US and pantropically.According to Howard & Powel, Taxon 17 (1968) 53, C. fragrans is an illegitimate name.Clerodendrum cumingianum Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 666; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 401. –Type: Cuming 1760.PANAY, NEGROS, CEBU, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Lowland secondary forests alongstreams.Clerodendrum elliptifolium Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 341; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 401. –Type: BS14463 Ramos (PNH, holo, possibly lost). Camiguin: Panatayum, in thickets, 20 Mar 1912.CAMIGUIN. Lowland clearings and thickets.Clerodendrum flavum Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 424. --Type: BS 43899 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo,possibly lost; iso UC, not seen, cited by Merrill, 1926). Jolo: Mt Daho (=Bud Dajo), in forests alongsmall streams near the summit, altitude c. 700m, Sept 1924.JOLO (Mt Dajo). Forest along small streams near the summit, c. 700m.Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. 1 (1788) 271; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 401; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 304; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 417, pl.179, Photo 248; --Volkameria inermis L., Sp. Pl. (1753) xxx.Clerodendron commersonii Spreng., Syst. 2 (1825) 758; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 403.India, China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Isls, across Malesia to Australia and Polynesia.Throughout the Philippines. Along seashore and tidal streams.Clerodendrum intermedium Cham., Linnaea 7 (1832) 105; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 402; EPFP 3(1923) 402. --Type: Cuming 401 (L*, type).Taiwan, ?Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. Throughout the Philippines. Lowlandand medium altitude thickets, secondary forests, and open damp places. Often common.Clerodendrum klemmei Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 514; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 402. --Type: Elmer 8679(A*, NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Mar 1907.LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Abra, Mountain Province, Benguet, Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya,Laguna. Medium altitude thickets and forests, ascending to 1600m.Clerodendrum lanuginosum Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 810; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 402.Philippines, Moluccas (Banda; Ternate; Seram). CAMIGUIN, BASILAN, MINDANAO:Zamboanga, Lanao, Bukidnon, Agusan del Norte. Lowland thickets and secondaryforests.Clerodendrum luzoniense Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 436; EPFP 3 (1923) 403. --Type: BS 33784Ramos & Edaño (US*, iso). Luzon: Camarines Norte prov., Paracale, Nov-Dec 1918.

LUZON: Camarines Norte. Damp lowland forest.Clerodendrum mabesae Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 302; EPFP 3 (1923) 403. --Type: FB 26796Mabesa (US*, iso). Luzon: Laguna prov., forests back of Paete, on moist shaded slopes, altitude c.370m, 27 Mar 1917.LUZON: Laguna. Lowland forests, altitude c. 300m.Clerodendrum macrocalyx HJ Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 293; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923)403. --Type: Elmer 11338 (A*, NY*, U* US*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Mt. Apo, Aug 1909MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Davao (Mt Apo), Surigao del Norte. Low and mediumaltitude thickets and secondary forests.Clerodendrum macrostegium Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 666; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 403.–Type: Cuming 1541 (NY*, iso).Philippines, Moluccas (Seram; Ambon; Saparua).LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Quezon, MINDORO, SIBUYAN, PANAY. Lowlandsecondary forests and thickets.Clerodendrum minahassae Teijsm. & Binn., Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. 25 (1863) 409; --Merr.,Fl. Manila (1912) 402; EPFP 3 (1923) 403.Philippines, Sulawesi, Sula Isls. Widespread throughout the archipelago, in most islandsand provinces. Low to medium altitude thickets and secondary forests. Often common.Clerodendrum mindorense Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 342; EPFP 3 (1923) 404; --Clerodendrumsimile Merr., Govt. Lab Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 64, non Pearson, 1901. --Type: Merrill 1192 (US*,iso) Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Baco. Jan 1903.LUZON: Isabela (Palanan), Sorsogon, MINDORO, SEMIRARA, NEGROS, MINDANAO:Misamis. Lowland primary and secondary forests.Clerodendrum multibracteatum Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 98; EPFP 3 (1923) 404. --Type: BS777 Vanoverbergh (A*, US*, iso). Luzon: Mountain Province, Jul-Aug 1911.LUZON: Mountain Province, MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon). Mossy forests,altitude 1600-2000m.Clerodendrum philippinense Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3223. –Type: Elmer 22379 (B*, GH*, NY*, US*,iso). Luzon: Pampanga prov., Mt Pinatubo, Camp Stotsenburg. May 1927.LUZON: Pampanga (Mt Pinatubo).Clerodendrum preslii Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 515; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 404. --Type: Elmer 10223(A*, BISH*, NY*, US*, iso). Negros: Negros Oriental prov., Cuernos Mtns, Mar 1908.NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns). Mossy forests, altitude c. 1400m.Clerodendrum puberulum Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 72; EPFP 3 (1923) 404. --Type: EBCopeland 414 (NY*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Mar 1904.MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao. Lowland thickets and open sites. Allied to C.intermedium Cham.Clerodendrum pubifolium Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 197. –Type: BS 49416 Ramos &Edaño (PNH, holo, possibly lost; iso UC, NY*). Mindanao: Davao Oriental prov., Mt Mayo, alongstreams in secondary forests, altitude c. 700m, 21 Apr 1927.MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (Mt Mayo). Along streams in secondary forests, altitude c.700m.

Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Blanco) Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1906) 63; EPFP 3(1923) 404. --Type: Merrill Species Blancoanae 434 (US*, illustrative specimen). Luzon: Rizalprov., Antipolo, Jan 1914.Philippines, New Guinea (fide Bakhuizen, 1921). LUZON: Pangasinan, Benguet, NuevaVizcaya, Zambales, Pampanga, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, MINDORO, TICAO,PANAY, NEGROS, SIARGAO, BUCAS GRANDE. Lowland and medium altitude primaryforests.Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb., Nov. Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3 (1780) 201; --Merr., EPFP3 (1923) 405; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 419, Photo 250, 251.var. trichotomumChina, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, India, SE Asia. LUZON: Cagayan & Isabela E coasts.Lowland thickets.var. esculentum Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 1 (1917) 29; --Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5(1966) 47.Clerodendrum trichotomum Merr. EPFP 3 (1923) 405, non Thunb. ex Murray (1784). (as to Batan plants).Japan to the Ryukyus and the Philippines: BATAN. Lowland thicket. Hatusima 29190,29030.Clerodendrum vanoverberghii Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 98; EPFP 3 (1923) 405. --Type: BS 838Vanoverbergh (A*, US*, iso). Luzon: Mountain Province, Nov-Dec 1910.LUZON: Mountain Province. In forests, altitude c. 1650m.Clerodendrum villosum Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 811; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 405; --Kochummen, TreeFl. Malaya 3 (1978) 304.Clerodendrum curranii Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1846. –Type: Elmer 12860 (A*, GH*, NY*, US*, iso). Palawan:Palawan prov., Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar (=Thumb Peak), ‘in good well-drained soil at 500ft,among light woods of the cogon formation’, Mar 1911.Myanmar, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Philippines. CULION,PALAWAN, BALABAC, BANCALAN. Lowland thickets and old clearings.Clerodendrum wenzelii Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 385; EPFP 3 (1923) 405. --Type: Wenzel 627(A*, US*, iso). Leyte, Mar 1914.LEYTE. Forests, altitude c. 500m.Clerodendrum williamsii Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 684; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 406. --Type: Elmer11149 (NY*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Davao, Mt. Apo, Jun 1909.CAMIGUIN, JOLO, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Lanao, Davao (Mt Apo). Médium altitudeforests.Cultivated:Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. (1891) 586, as Clerodendron.Clerodendrum thomsonae Balf., Edinburgh New Philos. J. 2, 15 (1862) 233; --Merr., Fl. Manila(1912) 402; EPFP 3 (1923) 405.Native of tropical Africa. Widely cultivated in the Philippines for ornamental purposes butapparently not escaping.Congea RoxburghCongea velutina Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4 (1850) t. 1479-3.India, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia to Java. An introduced ornamental in the

Philippines.Duranta LinnaeusDuranta erecta L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 637.Duranta repens L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 637; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 399; EPFP 3 (1923) 381.Native of tropical America. Widely grown in the Philippines for ornamental purposes.Apparently not spontaneous.Gmelina Linnaeusde Kok, R.P.J. & Mabberley, D. J. (1999). The genus Faradaya Muell. F. (Labiatae). Blumea 44: 321-342.Gmelina arborea Roxb., Hort. Bengal. (1814) 46; Fl. Ind. ed. 3 (1832) 84.Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar. Extensively planted throughout tropical SE Asiaincluding the Philippines.Gmelina elliptica JE Sm. in Rees, Cyclop. 16 (1810-11) No. 2; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 399; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 306.Myanmar through Malaya to the Moluccas, Palau Isls. LUZON: Quezon, MINDORO,MASBATE, PANAY, GUIMARAS, NEGROS, CEBU, BOHOL, TAWI-TAWI, BASILAN,MINDANAO. Lowland thickets and secondary forests, common.Gmelina palawensis HJ Lam, Verbenac. Mal. Arch. (1919) 224.var. dinagatensis Moldenke, xxxx –Type: Ahern 461 (NY*, US*, iso). Dinagat, 1902.DINAGAT.Perhaps better placed under Faradaya.Gmelina philippensis Cham., Linnaea 7 (1832) 109; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 406; EPFP 3 (1923)399; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 306, as ‘philippinensis’.forma philippensisMalesia. LUZON: Pangasinan, Benguet, Cagayan, Zambales, Bataan, Pampanga,Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, PANAY. Lowland and medium altitude thickets and secondaryforests.forma transitoria Moldenke, Phytologia 18 (1969) 210. –Type: PNH 11741 MD Sulit (US*, holo).Guimaras, Feb-Mar 1950.GUIMARAS.Lantana LinnaeusLantana camara L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 627; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 398; EPFP 3 (1923) 380; --YP Yanget al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 420.Probably native to the West Indies, now widely distributed in the world’s tropics andsubtropics.Lippia Linnaeus =PhylaPetraeovitex Oliver

Petraeovitex trifoliata Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 425; EPFP 3 (1923) 406. --Type: BS 708Foxworthy (US*, iso). Palawan, Mar-Apr 1906.Borneo, SW Philippines. PALAWAN, BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Lowlandforests, ascending to 900m.Petrea LinnaeusPetrea volubilis L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 626; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 400; EPFP 3 (1923) 381.Native of tropical America. Cultivated in the Philippines for ornamental purposes butnowhere spontaneous.Phyla LinnaeusPhyla nodiflora (L.) Greene, Pittonia 4 (1899) 46; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 421,Photo 252; --Lippia nodiflora (L.) Rich. in Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 (1803) 15; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912)398; EPFP 3 (1923) 381; --Verbena nodiflora L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 20.Widely distributed in the warmer regions of the World. Throughout the Philippines. Lowand medium altitudes, common weed in open waste places.Premna LinnaeusPremna adenosticta Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 630; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 389. –Type:Cuming 1230LUZON: Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal,Camarines, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao. Low and medium altitudes, on forestedslopes.Premna areolata Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 73; EPFP 3 (1923) 389. --Type: BS 16179 Reillo (US*,iso). Basilan, Aug-Sept 1912.BASILAN, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Low and medium altitude forests.Premna atra Merr., Phytologia 2 (1941) 5. –Type: BS 41873 (A*, holo; iso: US*). Luzon: Rizal prov., MtIrig (=Irid), Feb 1923.LUZON: Rizal (Mt Irid).Premna benguetensis C Robinson, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 215; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 390. --Type:RS Williams 1086 (NY*, holo). Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, 10 Jun 1904.LUZON: Benguet, Nueva Ecija. Forested ravines, altitude c. 1400m.Premna congesta Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 232; EPFP 3 (1923) 390. --Type: FB 3281 Ahern’scollector (US*, iso). Luzon: Rizal prov., Aug 1905.LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Rizal, PALAWAN. Lowland thickets andsecondary forests.Premna cumingiana Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 634; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 390. –Syntypes:Cuming 778 (MO*, 2 sheets). Luzon; --Cuming 1280 (A*, MO*). Luzon: Cagayan prov.Philippines, Sulawesi. Throughout the Philippines. Lowland and medium altitudesecondary forests, ascending to 1000m.

forma cordata Moldenke, Phytologia xxx. –Type: BS 15630 MS Clemens (NY*, holo). Mindanao:Davao, Mt Apo, Jun 1924.MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo).forma dentata Moldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 14. --Type: Merrill Species Blancoanae 681 (BO, holo;iso US*, NY*). Luzon: Bulacan prov., Angat, Dec 1914.LUZON: Bulacan.Premna dallachyana Benth., Fl. Austral. 5 (1870) 59; --Munir, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 7 (1984) 24.Premna nauseosa Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 489; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 405; EPFP 3 (1923) 391. –Type:Geunsia mollis Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3808, not validly published, no Latin diagnosis. –Voucher: Elmer 8071(NY*). Luzon: Laguna prov., Los Baños, Apr 1908Extra-Philippine range?LUZON: Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac,Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, Quezon, Camarines. Lowlandsecondary forests. Common.Status of Blanco’s name uncertain (see Munir, loc.cit.). If ever conspecific withBentham’s name, P. nauseosa has priority.Premna depauperata Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 231; EPFP 3 (1923) 390. --Type: Merrill 603 (NY*,US*, iso). Culion, 30 Dec 1902.CULION. Low altitudes, dry open hillsides.var. serrulata Moldenke, Phytologia xxxxx --Type: BS 41360 Lopez (NY*, type fragment). Culion, Oct1922.CULIONPremna herbacea Roxb., Hort. Beng. (1814) 46, nom. nud.; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 485; --Merr.,EPFP 3 (1923) 390.Pygmaeopremna humilis Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 225. –Syntypes: BS 7841 Ramos (US*). Luzon:Cagayan prov., Apr 1909; --BS 8124 Ramos (NY*). Luzon: Isabela prov., Apr 1909.India, Thailand, Hainan, Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province, Cagayan, Isabela,Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Low and medium altitude open grasslands.Premna leytensis Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 302; EPFP 3 (1923) 391. –Type: Wenzel 1364 (A*,GH*, iso). Leyte: Leyte prov. Tigbao, near Tacloban, 27 Jun 1915.LEYTE. Lowland or medium altitude thickets or forests.Premna membranacea Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 65; EPFP 3 (1923) 391. –Syntypes: FB 1165 Ahern’s collector (NY*, US*). Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso, Jun 1904; --FB3102 Ahern’s collector (NY*). same locality, May-Jun 1905.Premna subrotundifolia Elmer ex HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 36, in syn. sub P. sterculifoliaKing & Gamble. –Type: Elmer 16717 (NY*, U*, iso). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Irosin, Mt Bulusan, Jul1916.var. membranaceaLUZON: Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, PANAY, LEYTE, SAMAR, CAMIGUIN,MINDANAO: Davao, Surigao. Low and medium altitude forests.var. cordata Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 391. –Type: BS 34861 Ramos & Pascasio (US*, iso). Siargao, Jun1919.SIARGAO. Lowland forests.Premna membranifolia Merr., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 388; EPFP 3 (1923) 391. --Type: Wenzel 114(GH*, US*, iso). Leyte, 8 Jun 1913.

LEYTE. Lowland forests.Premna oblongifolia Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 29 (1905) 48; EPFP 3 (1923) 392. --Type:Elmer 5990 (US*, NY*, iso). Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Mar 1904.Borneo, N Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Quezon (Infanta). In thickets on rocky slopesand in ravines among boulders, altitude 1200-1600m in Benguet.Premna odorata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 488; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 405; EPFP 3 (1923) 392.–Type:Taiwan (S part), Philippines. According to Merrill (1923), possibly conspecific with P.pubescens Blume of Peninsular Malaysia and Sulawesi (also Java?). Throughout thearchipelago in most islands and provinces. Common in lowland thickets and secondaryforests.Premna serratifolia L., Mant. 2 (1771) 253; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 423, Photo254.Premna obtusifolia R Br., Prodr. (1810) 512; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 392.Premna integrifolia CB Clarke in Hook.f, Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 574; --Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 121, 233;idem. 3 c (1908) Bot. 431; Fl. Manila (1912) 405.Tropical Asia to Australia. Throughout the Philippines. Coastal thickets, scarcelyoccurring inland.Premna stellata Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 203; EPFP 3 (1923) 393. --Type: BS 24262 Ramos (US*,iso). Samar: Catubig River, Feb-Mar 1916.SAMAR. Lowland forests.Premna subglabra Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 234; EPFP 3 (1923) 393. –Type:BATAN and BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON (Cagayan to Sorsogon), MINDORO, MASBATE,CEBU, BILIRAN, LEYTE, CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO. Lowland and medium altitudethickets and secondary forests.Premna subscandens Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 230; Fl. Manila (1912) 405; EPFP 3 (1923) 393.–Syntypes: FB 449 Ahern’s collector (NY*, US*). Luzon: Rizal prov., Antipolo, Apr 1904; --FB 1095WW Clarke (NY*, US*). Ticao, May 1904; --Merrill 1874 (NY*, US*). Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso,Apr 1903LUZON: La Union, Pangasinan, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, TICAO.Lowland thickets and secondary forests.var. glabrescens Moldenke, Phytologia 8 (1962) 163. –Type: UC 310092 Ramos & Edaño s.n. (UC*,holo, unicate). Luzon: Isabela prov., San Mariano, Feb-Mar 1926.LUZON: Isabela (San Mariano).var. minutiflora Moldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 20. –Type: FB 443 Ahern’s collector (NY*, holo).Luzon: Rizal prov., Antipolo, Apr 1904.LUZON: Rizal.Premna williamsii Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 74; EPFP 3 (1923) 393. --Type: RS Williams 2330(NY*, US*, iso). Mindanao: Zamboanga prov., Sax River, Feb 1905.MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Low and medium altitude forests.Stachytarpheta Vahl

Teijsmanniodendron pteropodum (Miq.) Bakh. forma cristatum Moldenke, Phytologia 44(7) (1979) 473.Vitex philippinensis Merr., Forest. Bur. Philip. Bull. 1 (1903) 52. –Type: Ahern 387 (BO, US*, 2 sheets, iso).Mindanao: Zamboanga del Sur prov., Malangas, Oct-Nov 1919.Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Banka, Borneo, C & S Philippines. BILIRAN, LEYTE,MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao.Unplaced:Teijsmanniodendron bulusanensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3798. –Type: Elmer 17004 (NY*, 2sheets, iso). Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan, Irosin, Aug 1916.LUZONTeijsmanniodendron unifoliatum (Merr.) Moldenke, Phytologia 4 (1952) 58; --Vitexunifoliolata Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 438; EPFP 3 (1923) 398. –Type: BS 37048 Ramos & Edaño (US*,iso). Mindanao: Zamboanga del Sur prov., Malangas, Oct-Nov 1919.MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur. Forests along streams at low altitudes.Verbena LinnaeusVerbena officinalis L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 627; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 380; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwaned. 2, 4 (1998) 425.Widely distributed in the temperate and subtropical regions of the world. Introduced tothe Philippines.LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya. Weedy in open waste places in and abouttowns to an altitude of c. 800m.Vitex LinnaeusLiterature:Bramley, GLC, F Forest, RPJ de Kok. 2009. Troublesome tropical mints: reexamining genericlimits of Vitex and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia. Taxon 58(2) 500-510.De Kok, R. 2008. The genus Vitex (Labiatae) in the Flora Malesiana region, excluding NewGuinea. Kew Bulletin 63: 17-40.Vitex glabrata R Br., Prodr. (1810) 512; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 394; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3(1978) 310; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 22. –Type from Australia.Vitex pentaphylla Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 320. –Syntypes: FB 9490 Whitford & Hutchinson (PNH, K,US*). Mindanao: Zamboanga del Norte prov., Siocon River, Mar 1908); --FB 11245 Hutchinson(PNH, US). Same locality, Mar 1908; --RS Williams 2949 (PNH, NY, US). Mindanao: Davao del Surprov., Sta Cruz, 16 Jun 1905.Vitex nitida Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 343. –Type: FB 19546 Klemme (PNH, holo, possibly lost; K).Mindanao: Misamis Occidental prov., Tangob, growing near the mountains, 7 May 1911.India, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines, N Australia. LUZON:Camarines, Sorsogon, MINDORO, CULION, PALAWAN, BALABAC, NEGROS,MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte, Cotabato, Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Norte.Lowland forests, seasonally flooded swamps, along rivers and streams, on sandy-clay,up to medium altitudes. Fl. Aug-May, fr. Aug-Mar.Vitex negundo L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 638; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 404; EPFP 3 (1923) 394; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 311; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 426, Pl.180; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 25. –Type from India.Vitex negundo L. var. incisa (Lam.) CB Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 584; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923)395. –Type from ChinaVitex negundo L. var. bicolor (Willd.) HJ Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 191; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923)

395.Vitex elmeri Moldenke, Phytologia 38 (1978) 307. –Type: Elmer 5611 (NY*, holo). Luzon: La Union prov.,Bauang, Feb 1904E Africa, India, China, Taiwan, Japan, S & SE Asia, Australia, Polynesia. Throughoutthe Philippines. Low to médium altitudes, along roadsides, dry river flood plains, wasteplaces, thickets and secondary forests. Fl. & fr. throughout the year.Vitex parviflora Juss., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 7 (1806) 76; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 404; EPFP 3(1923) 395; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 26. –Type in P-Herb. Jussieu (photo cited by de Kok).Philippines, no further locality data.Vitex geniculata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 514; --Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 333. --Type: unknown.Vitex latifolia Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 514; --Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 333. --Type: unknown.Vitex altissima Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 516 [non Vitex altissima L.f.]; --Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 333.–Type: unknown.Vitex glandulosa HJ Lam, Verb. Malay Archipel. (1919) 199. --Type: Mangubat 1361(BO, holo, photo K,seen by de Kok; iso: L, NY, US). Luzon: Cavite prov., Mendez Nuñez, Aug 1906,Vitex parviflora Juss. forma sterilis HJ Lam ex Moldenke, Phytologia 6 (1957) 42 – 43). --Type: BS 1218 RCMcGregor (BO, holo; iso NY*). Bohol, May 1906,Vitex parviflora Juss. var. puberulenta Moldenke, Phytologia 3 (1951) 489. --Type: BS 1361 Mangubat (BO,holo; K photo cited by de Kok; iso: L, NY*, US*). Luzon: Cavite prov., Mendez Nuñez, Aug 1906.Java, Saleyer, Philippines, Sulawesi, Timor, Ambon. Throughout the Philippines in mostislands and provinces. Common in both secondary and primary forests, on clay loamor volcanic soils, over limestone or ultamafics at low altitudes. Fl. Apr-Dec, fr. all yearround.Vitex pinnata L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 638; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 311; --de Kok, Kew Bull.63 (2008) 28, Map 5. –Type from Sri Lanka.Vitex pubescens L. ex Vahl, Symb. 3 (1794) 85; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 396.India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Sumatra, PeninsularMalaysia, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Borneo (Kalimantan, Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah),Philippines, Sulawesi.MINDORO, CULION, PALAWAN, TAWI-TAWI. Primary and secondary forests,pyrogenous parang vegetation. Lowlands generally. Fruits eaten by birds. Seeds do notgerminate in shade. Fl. Nov-May (Aug), fr. Nov-Aug.Vitex quinata (Lour.) FN Will., Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii, 5 (1905) 431; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 396; --YPYang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 426, photo 255; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 30. –Typefrom S China.India to S China and Taiwan, Japan, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines,Sulawesi, New Guinea.LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, NEGROS, LEYTE, MINDANAO:Zamboanga, Cotabato, Agusan del Norte, Surigao. Low altitude primary to secondaryforests, sometimes on limestone. Fl. May-Dec, fr. Jul-Apr.Vitex trifolia L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 638; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 404; EPFP 3 (1923) 397; --Kochummen,Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 311; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 428; --de Kok, Kew Bull.63 (2008) 32. –Type from India.Vitex negundo L. var. philippinensis Moldenke, Phytologia 38 (1978) 308. –Type: Elmer 8125 (NY*, holo).Luzon: Laguna prov., Los Baños, Apr 1906.ssp. trifoliaS & SE Asia, China, Taiwan, Australia (E coast), Polynesia.DISTRIBUTION. The species is widespread from Tahiti to Australia’s East Coast, Northto Hawaii and Japan & China, west to India, Sri Lanka and possibly east Africa. Becauseof its local use as an ornamental and a medicinal plant, it is also widely cultivated in andoutside its natural area.

ECOLOGY. Beaches, inland edge of mangrove swamps, grasslands, (littoral) forest andin secondary vegetation, often near water. Soil: sands or more rarely in clay, often overlimestone, coral, volcanic soils or shale, at 0 – 150 (– 1500) m altitude. In humid areasthe species is usually common at low altitudes, becoming rarer higher up. In dryer areasthe species can also be more common at high evaluation. Often a solitary tree butsometimes occurring in thickets. Flowering and fruiting all year round.ssp. litoralis Steen., Blumea 8 (1957) 516; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 32. –Type from LesserSunda Isls, Kisar.Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham., Linnaea 7 (1832) 107. --Type: Chamisso s.n. (LE, holo (not seen; photoin K). Luzon: Cavite prov., Dec 1817-Jan 1818.Vitex trifolia var. ovata (Thunb.) Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 17 (1903) 92; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 397.Vitex rotundifolia L.f., Pl. Syst. Veg. (1781) 294; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 428.Vitex repens Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 513; --Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 332. --Type: unknown.Japan, Ryukyus, Taiwan, China, Thailand, across Malesia, Australia (E coast) andPolynesia. Throughout the Philippines. On littoral sandy beach, common.Vitex turczaninowii Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 77; EPFP 3 (1923) 397; --Bramley etal. Taxon 58(2) (2009) 508; --Viticipremna philippinensis (Turcz.) HJ Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz.3, 3 (1921) 47, non Vitex philippinensis Merr., For. Bur. Bull. 1 (1903) 52, [=Teijsmanniodendronpteropodum (Miq.) Bakh.]. –Type: Cuming 1294 (MEL, lecto, designated by Munir, in J. AdelaideBot. Gard. 7 (1985) 192; iso: BM, K, NY*, PNH). Philippines, no further locality data, 1841.Vitex cumingiana Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 31 (1858) 416. –Type: Cuming 1173 (MO*). Luzon.Vitex luzonica HJ Lam in HJ Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 61; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923)394. --Type: Ahern 706Q (BO, holo; iso: NY*). Luzon:BATANES, LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Cagayan, Isabela, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna,Quezon, Camarines, Sorsogon, MINDORO, TICAO, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan,Surigao. Lowland forests.Viticipremna HJ Lam =Vitex

Family 253. VERBENACEAE Callicarpa Linnaeus LUZON: Abra ...

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