flora neotropica - CNCFlora
flora neotropica - CNCFlora
flora neotropica - CNCFlora
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FLORA NEOTROPICA<br />
MONOGRAPH 9S<br />
CHRYSOBALANACEAE<br />
by<br />
Ghillean T. Prance<br />
C ^ \ [ ??TROPIC OP CANCER<br />
|tROPIC CO CAPIICO IN<br />
Published for<br />
Organization for Flora Neotropica<br />
by<br />
The New York Botanical Garden<br />
New York<br />
Issued 8 March 1989
Organization for Flora Neotropica<br />
by<br />
The New York Botanical Garden<br />
Organization for Flora Neotropica<br />
Board Members<br />
Paulo G. Windisch, President, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Depto. de<br />
Botanica, Caixa Postal 136, 15001 S. Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil (1990).<br />
Stephan Beck, Vice-President, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Casilla 20127, La Paz,<br />
Bolivia (1990).<br />
Alwyn Gentry, Secretary, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Mis-<br />
souri 63166, U.S.A. (1993).<br />
C. C. Berg, Treasurer, The Norwegian Arboretum and the Botanical Garden, Uni-<br />
versity of Bergen, N-5067 Store Milde, Norway (1993).<br />
Enrique Forero, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166,<br />
U.S.A. (1990).<br />
Alcides R. Teixeira, Chacara Botanica, Caixa Postal 85, 13300 Itui, Sao Paulo, Brazil<br />
(1990).<br />
Ghillean T. Prance, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB,<br />
United Kingdom (1990).<br />
Paul J. M. Maas, Institute of Systematic Botany, Heidelberglaan 2, P.O. Box 80.102,<br />
3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands (1993).<br />
Nanuza Menezes, Departamento de Botanica, Instituto de Biociencias-USP, Caixa<br />
Postal 11461, 05421 Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (1993).<br />
Scott A. Mori, Ex Officio, Herbarium, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx,<br />
New York 10458.<br />
Staff Committee<br />
Ghillean T. Prance, Chairman<br />
Enrique Forero, Ex-Officio<br />
Editorial Committee<br />
James L. Luteyn, Editor<br />
Scott A. Mori, Editor<br />
Maria L. Lebr6n-Luteyn, Managing Editor<br />
H. David Hammond, Copy Editor<br />
Leif Ryvarden (1987-1992)<br />
John Wurdack (1984-1989)<br />
William R. Anderson (1984-1989) C. C. Berg (1984-1989)<br />
William Burger (1986-1991) Mireya Correa (1986-1991)<br />
Monograph 9S was edited by H. David Hammond and Maria L. Lebr6n-Luteyn<br />
ORGANIZATION FOR FLORA NEOTROPICA<br />
Founded and Conducted under the Auspices of UNESCO<br />
GEOGRAPHIC CONSULTANTS<br />
Central America and Mexico ........................... .......... Jerzy Rzedowski<br />
West Indies ..................................................... Richard A. Howard<br />
Colombia- Ecuador .................................................. Enrique Forero<br />
Peru-Bolivia ... ................................................. Ram6n H. Ferreyra<br />
Venezuela-Guiana .............................................. Leandro Aristeguieta<br />
Brazil ................................................... Luiz Guimaraes de Azavedo<br />
THIS PUBLICATION IS PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER.
FLORA NEOTROPIC<br />
MONOGRAPH 9S<br />
CHRYSOBALANACEAE<br />
by<br />
Ghillean T. Prance<br />
l\ -I-<br />
TROPIC OF CANCER<br />
FLORA<br />
N E OTROPICA~<br />
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN<br />
Published<br />
for<br />
Organization for Flora Neotropica<br />
by<br />
The New York Botanical Garden<br />
New York<br />
Issued 8 March 1989
Copyright ? 1989<br />
The New York Botanical Garden<br />
Published by<br />
The New York Botanical Garden<br />
Bronx, New York 10458<br />
International Standard Serial Number 0071-5794<br />
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data<br />
Flora <strong>neotropica</strong>. - Monograph no. 1 - New York: Published<br />
for Organization for Flora Neotropica by the New York<br />
Botanical Garden, 1968-<br />
v.: ill.; 26 cm.<br />
Irregular.<br />
Each issue has distinctive title.<br />
Separately cataloged and classified in LC before monograph no. 40.<br />
ISSN 0071-5794 = Flora <strong>neotropica</strong>.<br />
1. Botany-Latin America-Classification-Collected works. 2. Botany-<br />
Tropics-Classification-Collected works. 3. Botany-Classification-Col-<br />
lected works. I. Organization for Flora Neotropica. II. New York Botanical<br />
Garden.<br />
QK205.F58 581.98'012-dc19 85-647083<br />
AACR 2 MARC-S<br />
Library of Congress [8508]<br />
ISBN 0-89327-338-4
CHRYSOBALANACEAE<br />
GHILLEAN T. PRANCE1<br />
TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
A b stra ct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
Resumo ..................................................................... ......... 1<br />
In tro d u ctio n .................................................................................. 2<br />
E m bryology .............................. .................................................... 3<br />
R are Species ........................................................................ .......... 3<br />
System atic Treatm ent .......................................................................... 4<br />
C hrysobalanus ............................................................................ 4<br />
L ica n ia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6<br />
P a rin a ri ....... .... ......... ...................... ............. .. .................... ... .. 5 6<br />
Exellodendron .................................................................. .......... 59<br />
M ara n thes ................... ................................................ .......... 59<br />
C ou ep ia .................................................................................. 5 9<br />
Hirtella .................................................................................. 79<br />
Acioa ................................................................................. .. 96<br />
N eocary a .................................................................................<br />
9 7<br />
A cknow ledgm ents .............................................................................<br />
97<br />
L iterature C ited ...............................................................................<br />
97<br />
Numerical List of Taxa, Including Notes on Rarity and Endangerment,<br />
with Index to D istribution M aps .............................................................. 99<br />
Supplemental List of Exsiccatae Studied Since 1972 Monograph .................................... 107<br />
Second Supplemental List of Exsiccatae ..........................................................<br />
124<br />
Distribution Maps ................................................................ .... 127<br />
Index of Local N am es .......................................................................... 263<br />
Index of Scientific N am es ...................................................................... 263<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
Since the Flora Neotropica account of the Chrysobalanaceae was published in 1972, much<br />
new material has been collected. This supplement to the earlier monograph has studied<br />
6170 new collections and includes the descriptions of 67 new taxa that have been described<br />
since the monograph, 64 of which are published as new species in this work. Full descriptions<br />
are given of all new species and they are numbered next to their closest relatives in the<br />
original monograph. New generic keys are provided to incorporate all the new species and<br />
other minor changes in taxonomy that were made in the light of the better material of many<br />
species.<br />
RESUMO<br />
Depois a publicacao da familia Chrysobalanaceae (1972) em Flora Neotropica muito<br />
material botanica foi coletada. Foram estudadas 6170 colecoes novas e descritas 67 taxa<br />
novas, incluido 64 apresentadas nesta obra. Describces de tudos esp6cies descritas desde<br />
1972 e chaves novas para cada genero sao foricidas.<br />
1New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, U.S.A. Present address: Director, Royal Botanic<br />
Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom.<br />
1
2 Flora Neotropica<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
This supplement to my "Flora Neotropica"<br />
monograph of the Chrysobalanaceae (Prance,<br />
1972) has become necessary because of the<br />
amount of collecting activity over the last decade<br />
and a half. The 6170 additional specimens studied<br />
have included 67 new taxa, numerous range<br />
extensions and other missing data for species<br />
which were described from incomplete material<br />
in 1972. The addition of the new taxa, as well<br />
as the increasingly recognized morphological<br />
variation of some previously poorly known<br />
species, means that the 1972 keys are out of date<br />
and do not function for some of the new material.<br />
I have, therefore, brought together all this new<br />
information into a supplement, which should be<br />
used in conjunction with the 1972 monograph.<br />
In 1972, 7762 specimens were studied, so a<br />
79.48% increase of the collections has occurred<br />
in a 16 year period. This has produced 64 new<br />
species, or one for every 96.4 collections, indicating<br />
the still poorly collected status of the neotropics.<br />
Most of the new taxa have already been published<br />
in a series of mainly regional papers (Berlin<br />
& Prance, 1978; Prance, 1973, 1974a, 1974b,<br />
1974c, 1976,1977a, 1979a, 1979b, 1979c, 1979d,<br />
1981, 1984, 1986a). Additional information has<br />
also been given in Prance (1975), and the Surinam<br />
species were treated in Prance and G6rts<br />
van Rijn (1976). The other purpose of this work<br />
is to publish the hitherto unpublished distribution<br />
maps of Chrysobalanaceae, most of which<br />
were not included in the original monograph, and<br />
from which extensive data for several biogeographical<br />
papers (for example, Mori et al., 1981;<br />
Prance, 1974d, 1977b, 1979e, 1982a; Prance &<br />
Mori, 1983) have been taken. Since the distribution<br />
maps are, together with distributional data<br />
from other families such as the Caryocaraceae<br />
tion about the family, and then presents data<br />
about each of the species for which significant<br />
new information has been gathered. These data<br />
include significant range extensions, description<br />
of organs not previously described, especially the<br />
fruit of several species, and any changes in cir-<br />
cumscription based on the new material. The<br />
new species are placed and numbered next to the<br />
species to which they are most closely related<br />
using a decimal point after the number. It is grat-<br />
ifying to note that while many new species have<br />
been found, they all fit extremely well into the<br />
genera as previously circumscribed. The only ge-<br />
neric change is in the circumscription of Acioa.<br />
This genus originally included the African species<br />
with ligular stamens, which we have now concluded<br />
(Prance & White, 1979) should be separated<br />
into the genus Dactyladenia. At the same<br />
time, in the Americas the circumscription of the<br />
genus cannot be confined to the three species<br />
with ligular stamens. We also concluded that in<br />
spite of its free stamens, Couepia edulis (Prance)<br />
Prance should be placed where I originally placed<br />
it before the flowers were known, in the genus<br />
Acioa.<br />
The amount of new information collected about<br />
Chrysobalanaceae in the last 15 years is a tribute<br />
to the collecting efforts of many people throughout<br />
the neotropics. It has enabled us to bring<br />
"Flora Neotropica" from a series based on very<br />
preliminary information to much more definitive<br />
treatments, which will certainly be reflected<br />
in the future monographs of the series.<br />
Keys are provided in the systematic section<br />
only for those genera in which there have been<br />
changes since 1972.<br />
Apart from an important contribution on the<br />
embryology of Chrysobalanaceae (Tobe & Raven,<br />
1984, see separate section), studies of the<br />
pollen (Demchenko, 1973; Patel et al., 1983) and<br />
various papers by this author, there have been<br />
and Dichapetalaceae, the basis for much of my few important papers on the family since those<br />
work on centers of endemism, it is important to reviewed in Prance (1972). However, some represent<br />
the maps here. The dots represent pres- gional treatments of the family, based on the<br />
ence on a degree square of latitude, rather than original monograph [Ecuador (Prance, 1979d),<br />
the exact locality of a collection.<br />
Venezuela (Prance, 1982b), Surinam (Prance &<br />
Although there are a large number of neotrop- Gorts van Rijn, 1976), and the Guianas (Prance,<br />
ical species of Chrysobalanaceae that are still in- 1986b)], also included considerably more maadequately<br />
collected, the family is much better terial than the 1972 monograph. Spichiger and<br />
known today than it was in 1970 when work on Masson's (1984) review of most of the Peruvian<br />
the first monograph was completed. This sup- species of Chrysobalanaceae, in an account of<br />
plement discusses briefly new general informa- the species in the Arboretum Jenaro Herrera in
Rare Species 3<br />
Loreto Department, was also largely based on thick; inner epidermis of ii developing into the<br />
the "Flora Neotropica" account.<br />
endothelium which directly borders the embryo<br />
The monographs of the 61 African species of sac and accumulates starch grains; micropyle<br />
Chrysobalanaceae have also allowed an inter- formed by both integuments. Fertilization poesting<br />
comparison between the two continents rogamous; endosperm formation of the Nuclear<br />
(Letouzey & White, 1976, 1978a, 1978b; White, type; seed exalbuminous. Young seed coat com-<br />
1976). This also led to the removal of the African posed of both testa and tegmen; exotegmen fispecies<br />
with a staminal ligule from the neotrop- brous; exotesta one-layered, composed of cuboid<br />
ical Acioa to a distinct genus Dactyladenia Welw. tanniniferous cells; endotesta a few layers thick<br />
(Prance & White, 1979). Likewise the species of composed of unspecialized small cells; micro-<br />
Malesian Chrysobalanaceae have recently been testa 30-50 cells thick in C. icaco, composed<br />
revised and their relationships to <strong>neotropica</strong>l taxa mostly of vessels, 3-4 layered and lacking vasare<br />
now better understood (Prance, 1979b, 1987, cular tissue in L. michauxii. Mature seed mein<br />
press). Finally, a detailed worldwide treatment sotestal.<br />
of the genera of Chrysobalanaceae (Prance & The embryological data given above show that<br />
White, 1988) has been completed.<br />
there is little difference between the species studied.<br />
The Chrysobalanaceae differ from the Ro-<br />
EMBRYOLOGY<br />
saceae, to which it has frequently been related,<br />
in the tenuinucellate ovule, the very small nu-<br />
At the time of the 1972 monograph little de- cellus that disintegrates early, and the presence<br />
tailed work had been done on the embryology of of an endothelium. Tobe and Raven conducted<br />
the Chrysobalanaceae. Recently Tobe and Raven their investigation to consider the possible re-<br />
(1984) studied the embryology of three neotrop- lationship of the Chrysobalanaceae to the Myrical<br />
species-Chrysobalanus icaco L., Licania tales, but concluded that it is embryologically<br />
apetala (E. Mey.) Fritsch, and L. michauxii quite different from that well-defined order. They<br />
Prance. This has at least provided some basic proposed a relationship to the Theales, which<br />
data for the tribe Chrysobalaneae. The most im- share with Chrysobalanaceae a tenuinucellate<br />
portant embryological features are given below. ovule, a small disintegrating nucellus, an endo-<br />
Anthers tetrasporangiate, the walls five layers thelium, Nuclear-type endosperm formation, and<br />
thick, formation of the Basic type; epidermis an exalbuminous seed. However, the Theales difpersistent<br />
and often tanniniferous, endothecium fer from Chrysobalanaceae in their one-celled<br />
fibrous, the two middle layers ephemeral, the ovule, archesporium, an Allium-type embryo sac,<br />
tapetum glandular with two-nucleate cells. Cy- and persistent antipodal cells. In their argument<br />
tokinesis in the microspore mother cell simul- Tobe and Raven misrepresent the Chrysobalanataneous;<br />
microspore tetrad usually tetrahedral ceae as lacking stipules. Since there are major<br />
and occasionally decussate; pollen grains two- embryological differences between the Chrysocelled<br />
when shed. Ovule anatropous and tenui- balanaceae and both the Rosales and Theales, it<br />
nucellate, the nucellus very small; all archespo- seems unlikely that the family is any better placed<br />
rial cells developing directly into megaspore in the Theales than in the Rosales and a more<br />
mother cells, undergoing meiosis; megaspore definite placement can only be made after contetrads<br />
linear; chalazal megaspore functional, de- siderable data are obtained from other fields, as<br />
veloping into a modified type of the Polygonum- well as embryological information from a much<br />
type embryo sac; mature embryo sac four-nu- wider range of Chrysobalanaceae, instead ofjust<br />
cleate, comprising an egg, two synergids and a three species in the two most closely related gencentral<br />
nucleus which is probably triploid; an- era.<br />
tipodal cells absent from the beginning, hypostase<br />
differentiating in Chrysobalanus but not Li-<br />
RARE SPECIES<br />
cania; the nucellar tissue soon disintegrating<br />
except the megaspore and embryo sac. Ovule At the 1986 meeting of the Organization for<br />
bitegmic, the inner integument (ii) and outer in- Flora Neotropica it was recommended that<br />
tegument (oi) initiated desmally, the ii up to five monographers comment on and point out rare<br />
or eight cells thick and the oi more than five cells and endangered species in their groups. Although
4<br />
Flora Neotropica<br />
our knowledge of tropical groups such as Chryso- collecting activity. The endangerment status used<br />
balanaceae is far from adequate, the collection in the list is based on the collection record and<br />
data are now certainly sufficient to pick out a few on the current condition of the habitat in which<br />
of the rarest species. All rare species are marked they grow. Poorly known species from relatively<br />
in the species list preceding the list of exsiccatae, undisturbed areas such as the Guianas are not<br />
and it gives the rarest and possibly most endan- generally listed unless they are known only from<br />
gered. The species listed as rare include all those a single collection.<br />
known from a single collection and not re-col- I consider as endangered 31 of the 100 rarest<br />
lected since 1972 as well as others that appear species. These are mainly from areas that are foci<br />
to be particularly threatened by virtue of their of forest destruction such as Central America,<br />
habitat. Species described since 1972 and known Choc6, Rond6nia, and eastern Brazil. The fact<br />
from a single collection are only listed if they are that there are at least 100 rare species, 31 of<br />
from particularly threatened areas such as At- which are endangered, shows the desperate need<br />
lantic coastal forests of Brazil or from Rond6nia, for a greater conservation effort of the neotropas<br />
it is too early to judge their frequency from ical forests.<br />
Revised Key to Species of Chrysobalanus<br />
1. Leaves orbicular to ovate-elliptic, the apex retuse<br />
to rounded or minutely and bluntly acuminate;<br />
midrib glabrous beneath. 1. C. icaco.<br />
1. Leaves elliptic to oblong, with a distinct acumen<br />
5-15 mm long; midrib sparsely hirsute beneath.<br />
2. Leaves chartaceous, acuminate; branches<br />
conspicuously lenticellate; inflorescence graypuberulous.<br />
2. C. cuspidatus.<br />
2. Leaves thickly coriaceous, caudate; branches<br />
not conspicuously lenticellate; inflorescence<br />
ferrugineous.<br />
3. C. venezuelanus.<br />
1-1. Chrysobalanus icaco Linnaeus, Sp. pl. 1:513.<br />
1753.<br />
Chrysobalanus interior Small, Man. s. e. fl. 645. 1933.<br />
Type. U.S.A. Florida: Hammocks, Long Key, Everglades,<br />
Small & Carter 3166 (lectotype, here designated,<br />
NY).<br />
The synonym C. interior was overlooked in<br />
Prance (1972) and in the treatment for the ge-<br />
neric <strong>flora</strong> of the southeastern U.S. (Prance, 1970).<br />
This name, although validly published, was not<br />
picked up in either the "Index Kewensis" or the<br />
"Gray Herbarium Card Index." There are no<br />
significant differences and C. interior falls well<br />
within the range of variation of C. icaco as cir-<br />
cumscribed in Prance (1972).<br />
The distribution of C. icaco will be found in<br />
Figure 20.2<br />
2 Figures 20 to 155 are grouped at the end of the<br />
monograph.<br />
SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT<br />
1. Chrysobalanus Linnaeus<br />
1-3. Chrysobalanus venezuelanus Prance, sp.<br />
nov. Type. Venezuela. Bolivar: Icabarui River<br />
region, headwater of Rio Hacha, 450-850 m,<br />
3 Jan 1956 (fl), A. L. Bernardi 2777 (holotype,<br />
NY; isotype, NY). Fig. 1.<br />
Species a C. cuspidato foliis coriaceis, latioribus,<br />
ramulis juvenilibus haud conspicue lenticellatis,<br />
inflorescentiis ferrugineo-pubescentibus<br />
differt.<br />
Tree to 10 m tall, the young branches sparsely<br />
puberulous to glabrescent. Leaf lamina oblongelliptic,<br />
coriaceous, 5.5-11 x 2.2-4.2 cm, cuneate<br />
at base, caudate at apex, the acumen 10-<br />
17 mm long, glabrous and shiny above, glabrous<br />
beneath except for appressed hairs on midrib and<br />
primary veins of lower surface of very young<br />
leaves; midrib prominulous above, prominent<br />
beneath; primary veins 6-8 pairs, widely spaced,<br />
prominulous on both surfaces; petioles 2-4 mm<br />
long, terete, rugulose, glabrous. Stipules, caducous,<br />
membranous, axillary. Inflorescences of<br />
few-flowered cymules inserted on rachis to 5 cm<br />
long, the rachis and branches ferrugineous-pubescent;<br />
bracts and bracteoles ovate, membranous,<br />
puberulous on exterior, ca. 1 mm long,<br />
caducous. Flowers 3 mm long, inserted in small<br />
cymules; receptacle campanulate, tomentellous<br />
on exterior, tomentose within; calyx lobes rounded,<br />
tomentellous; petals five, ovate, glabrous; stamens<br />
14-15, inserted around complete circle, the<br />
filaments shortly exserted, pubescent; ovary in-
Systematic Treatment 5<br />
Gfwysobarlana<br />
,C~ 0<br />
r ?I<br />
a( cmj<br />
i ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~v10<br />
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
/Th II h4.?-"<br />
'A ~ ~ ~ A<br />
)vc : .<br />
-V~~~~<br />
FIG. 1. Chrysobalanus venezuelanus (Bernardi 2777). A, habit; B, leaf undersurface; C, flower buds; D,<br />
flower; E, flower section; F, ovary and style; G, petal; H, young fruit.<br />
serted at base of receptacle, lanate; style equalling<br />
filaments in length. Fruit (only seen young) oblong,<br />
deeply costate; exocarp glabrous except<br />
when very young.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 21). Forest on terra firme in<br />
eastern Venezuela.<br />
Additional<br />
specimens examined. VENEZUELA.<br />
BOLiVAR: W base of Amaruay-tepui, 5?56'N, 62?17'W,<br />
5 May 1986 (fl), Hoist & Liesner 2788 (MO, NY); 4<br />
km W of El Pauji, Rio Chaberu, 750-900 m, 12 Nov<br />
1985 (y fr), Liesner 19919 (MO, NY); Distr. Piar, Rio<br />
Aparaman, SW corer of Amaruay-tepui, 5?54'N,<br />
62?15'W, 22 Apr 1986 (fl), Liesner & Hoist 20192 (MO,<br />
NY); Quebrada Los Brasileros, 4.5 km SW of Icabaru,<br />
4?20'N, 61?48'W, 480 m, 16 Dec 1978 (fl), Steyermark<br />
et al. 117696 (NY, VEN).<br />
This species differs from the closely related<br />
.
6<br />
Chrysobalanus cuspidatus (Fig. 21) of the Lesser<br />
Antilles in the more robust inflorescence branches<br />
with a ferrugineous, not gray pubescence, the<br />
broader, more coriaceous leaves, and the less<br />
conspicuously lenticellate young branches. This<br />
is a most interesting occurrence of the genus<br />
Chrysobalanus since it is from inland continental<br />
2. Licania Aublet<br />
Revised Key to Species of Licania3<br />
Flora Neotropica<br />
South America. The genus is predominantly<br />
coastal (C. icaco) and from cloud forest in the<br />
Lesser Antilles (C. cuspidatus). The new species,<br />
C. venezuelanus, is found at elevations between<br />
450 and 850 m and is thus in a habitat very<br />
similar to that of C. cuspidatus in the montane<br />
forests of Guadeloupe and Martinique.<br />
Since the genus is large, now containing 190 species, the key is divided for convenience into three<br />
parts. Note: Species 1-152 are fully described in Prance (1972) and the 38 species described since<br />
1972 or in this work have complete descriptions following these keys.<br />
1. Stamens longer than calyx lobes. Key A: Subgenus Moquilea sections Moquilea and Leptobalanus.<br />
1. Stamens equal to or shorter than calyx lobes.<br />
2. Stamens 10-25. Key B: Subgenus Moquilea sections Microdesmia and<br />
Leptobalanus pro parte; subgenus Parinariopsis.<br />
2. Stamens 3-9. Key C: Subgenus Licania.<br />
Key A<br />
Species with 8-60 stamens, exserted beyond calyx lobes.<br />
1. Petals present; stamens 11-60. (For contrasting statement see p. 9.) Subg. Moquilea sect. Moquilea.<br />
2. Leaf underside with an appressed lanate-arachnoid pubescence.<br />
3. Inflorescence of fasciculate, short, dense-flowered racemes; primary veins impressed above (Panama).<br />
5.3. L. fasciculata.<br />
3. Inflorescence of lax, branched, racemose panicles or cymose panicles; primary veins usually<br />
prominulous or plane above.<br />
4. Primary leaf veins 8-15 pairs, the lamina oblong-lanceolate.<br />
5. Petioles 1-3 mm long; fruit 2.5-3 mm long, with smooth exterior, pericarp thin; inflorescence<br />
of small cymose panicles (SE U.S.A.).<br />
1. L. michauxii.<br />
5. Petioles 5-7 mm long; fruit 4-7 mm long, with a crustaceous, verrucose exterior, pericarp<br />
thick; inflorescence of racemose panicles (Bolivia, La Paz).<br />
2. L. boliviensis.<br />
4. Primary leaf veins 16-29 pairs, the lamina oblong to elliptic.<br />
6. Inflorescence ramiflorous, borne on young woody twigs well below shoot apex.<br />
7. Flowers (calyx and receptacle) 6-7 mm long, young leafundersurface with shaggy dense<br />
ferrugineous pubescence; leaves 27-47 cm long (Colombia, Valle, 0-50 m).<br />
5.1. L. gentryi.<br />
7. Flowers 2-5 mm long, leaf undersurface with compact appressed pubescence or with<br />
caducous pubescence, becoming glabrous when mature; leaves 16-33 cm long.<br />
8. Leaf undersurface glabrous when mature, with a lanate caducous pubescence on<br />
youngest leaves; flowers ca. 2 mm long (Colombia, Valle, 0-50 m). 46. L. velata.<br />
8. Leafundersurface with a compact persistent gray-lanate or brown pubescence; flowers<br />
3-5 mm long.<br />
9. Leaf undersurface ferrugineous to brown-tomentose, secondary venation not<br />
conspicuously reticulate (Colombia; Ecuador; Peru). 5. L. macrocarpa.<br />
9. Leaf undersurface gray-tomentellous, conspicuously reticulate with parallel secondary<br />
venation; leaves thickly coriaceous.<br />
10. Inflorescence 15-30 cm long, much-branched, flowers densely packed, bracteoles<br />
caducous (Colombia; Ecuador).<br />
4. L. durifolia.<br />
10. Inflorescence 8-15 cm long, unbranched or with a few branches; bracteoles<br />
persistent, membranous (Ecuador).<br />
4.2. L. grandibracteata.<br />
3 Note that Licania cecidiophora, L. mexicana, and L. tepuiensis are not included in these keys since they<br />
were described from incomplete material.
Systematic Treatment 7<br />
6. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, but on leafy shoot apex.<br />
11. Flowers 1.5-2 mm long; leaves 12-19 x 3-6 cm, brown-pubescent beneath, without<br />
conspicuously reticulate venation (Colombia).<br />
148. L. veneralensis.<br />
11. Flowers 3-5 mm long; leaves 15-35 x 6-13 cm, gray-pubescent beneath, often with<br />
conspicuously reticulate parallel tertiary venation.<br />
12. Inflorescence and flowers with light-brown-tomentellous pubescence, leaves gradually<br />
tapering from mid-point to acuminate apex; center primary veins far apart<br />
(18-22 mm), the secondary venation obscure (Colombia, Choc6). 3. L. maritima.<br />
12. Inflorescence and flowers with ferrugineous pubescence; leaves tapering from well<br />
above midpoint, center primary veins 5-13 mm apart, with conspicuous parallel<br />
secondary venation.<br />
13. Leaves 6-9.5 x 2-3 cm; petioles 4-5 mm long (Venezuela, Lara).<br />
5.4. L. montana.<br />
13. Leaves 12-46 x 3-26 cm; petioles 6-12 mm long.<br />
14. Inflorescences of racemose panicles, to 18 cm long; petioles 10-12 mm<br />
long; primary veins 16-19 pairs, pedicels 5 mm long (Colombia, Antioquia).<br />
5.2. L. cabrerae.<br />
14. Inflorescences unbranched racemes, or little-branched panicles, 5-13 cm<br />
long. Petioles 6-8 mm long, primary veins 21-24 pairs; flowers sessile<br />
(Peru, San Martin).<br />
4.1. L. filomenoi.<br />
2. Leaf underside glabrous when mature (sometimes lanate when young).<br />
15. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers glabrous or sparsely puberulous.<br />
16. Leaf broadly acuminate, the acumen 4-8 mm long; flowers 2.5-3 mm long; pedicels 2-5<br />
mm long (Brazil, Bahia).<br />
6. L. salzmannii.<br />
16. Leaf with well-developed finely pointed acumen 8-12 mm long; flowers 4-4.5 mm long;<br />
pedicels 1-3 mm long.<br />
17. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers puberulous; petioles 10-12 mm long; leaves elliptic,<br />
5.5-9 cm broad (Peru, Loreto).<br />
7. L. klugii.<br />
17. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers glabrescent; petioles 5-7(-9) mm long; leaves<br />
oblong to oblong-elliptic, 2-5.5 cm broad (Guianas; Peruvian Amazonia).<br />
8. L. guianensis.<br />
15. Exterior of flowers and usually inflorescence densely tomentose.<br />
18. Inflorescence either of dense pyramidal or cymose panicles with a glabrous to puberulous<br />
rachis, or a much branched panicle with the primary branches branched into small branches<br />
bearing 2 or more flowers.<br />
19. Inflorescence a much branched panicle 10-25 cm long, with the primary branches<br />
branched into small branches; leaves 5.5-10.5 cm broad (Ecuador). 13.1. L. dodsonii.<br />
19. Inflorescence of dense pyramidal or rather lax cymose panicles 1-5 cm long; leaves 1-<br />
4.5 cm broad.<br />
20. Inflorescence short and dense, the rachis glabrous; petioles 4-6 mm long (Mexico).<br />
9. L. retifolia.<br />
20. Inflorescence lax, the rachis puberulous; petioles 1-3 mm long (SE U.S.A.).<br />
1. L. michauxii.<br />
18. Inflorescence of lax racemes or racemose panicles, the rachis pubescent.<br />
21. Pedicels 3-7 mm long; leaves with finely pointed acumen 1.5-2.5 cm long (Brazil,<br />
Amazonas).<br />
10. L. longipedicellata.<br />
21. Pedicels 0.5-2.5 mm long; leaf acumen rather blunt, less than 10 mm long.<br />
22. Inflorescence of predominantly axillary racemes or few-branched panicles (NE<br />
Brazil).<br />
11. L. tomentosa.<br />
22. Inflorescence of predominantly terminal much-branched panicles or racemose panicles,<br />
rarely axillary, then much branched.<br />
23. Leaves with a lanate pubescence when young; petioles 8-16 mm long and very<br />
slender, not more than 1.2 mm thick (W Indies; Venezuela). 12. L. pyrifolia.<br />
23. Leaves glabrous even when young; petioles 3-12 mm long, stout, more than<br />
1.5 mm thick.<br />
24. Leaf bases cuneate; stamens ca. 30; petioles canaliculate (W Indies; Venezuela).<br />
13. L. leucosepala.<br />
24. Leaf bases cordate, rounded or subcuneate; stamens 12-23; petioles usually<br />
terete, rarely canaliculate.<br />
25. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, primary veins slightly impressed above.<br />
26. Petioles 10-13 mm long; leaves 10-14.5 x 2.5-5.2 cm; primary<br />
veins 11-17 pairs; stamens 17 (Peru; Brazil, W Amazonia).<br />
14. L. angusataa.
8 Flora Neotropica<br />
26. Petioles 5-7 mm long; leaves 14-25 cm long x 4.5-8 cm; primary<br />
veins 18-22 pairs; stamens 12-14 (Brazil, Para).<br />
14.1. L. anneae.<br />
25. Leaves ovate to oblong (to oblong-lanceolate in L. platypus); primary<br />
veins plane or prominulous above.<br />
27. Leaves 13-30 cm long; primary veins 13-22 pairs, leaf bases<br />
sometimes subcordate.<br />
28. Flowers borne in small cymules on short tertiary branches;<br />
petioles 12-16 mm long, canaliculate (Venezuela).<br />
23.1. L. tachirensis.<br />
28. Flowers borne on primary inflorescence branches; petioles<br />
8-14 mm long, terete.<br />
29. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3.5-8 cm broad;<br />
primary veins 15-22 pairs; petioles 9-14 mm long; leaf<br />
base rounded to subcuneate (Central America).<br />
15. L. platypus.<br />
29. Leaves elliptic, 7.5-9.5 cm broad; primary veins 14-<br />
15 pairs; petioles ca. 8 mm long; leaf base subcordate<br />
(Brazil, Maranhao).<br />
19. L. maranhensis.<br />
27. Leaves 5-15.5 cm long (to 21 cm in L. guatemalensis); primary<br />
veins 8-13 pairs (to 15 in L. britteniana); leaf bases subcuneate<br />
to rounded (to subcordate in L. britteniana).<br />
30. Petals not unguiculate, equalling or only shortly exceeding<br />
calyx lobes, filaments far exceeding petals.<br />
31. Flowers 4-5 mm long; stipules linear-filamentous, 5-7<br />
mm long (Mexico).<br />
16. L. gonzalezii.<br />
31. Flowers 2-3.5 mm long; stipules short-subulate, to 2<br />
mm long.<br />
32. Petioles 2-5 mm long; leaves obovate or elliptic,<br />
with cuspidate, mucronate, or abrupt apex.<br />
33. Inflorescence once-branched; leaves obovate<br />
to elliptic, 4.5-8.5 cm long (Brazil; Colombia;<br />
Peru, Amazonia).<br />
17. L. egleri.<br />
33. Inflorescence twice-branched; the flowers borne<br />
in small groups on short secondary branches;<br />
leaves elliptic, 10-21 cm long (Guatemala).<br />
18.3. L. guatemalensis.<br />
32. Petioles 6-14 mm long; leaves oblong to oblongelliptic,<br />
apex gradually acuminate (cuspidate in L.<br />
kallunkiae).<br />
34. Inflorescencerachis and branches sparselygraypubescent.<br />
35. Leaf apex cuspidate, the base subcuneate;<br />
stamens 11-12 (Panama).<br />
18.2. L. kallunkiae.<br />
35. Leaf apex acuminate, the base rounded;<br />
stamens 16-25 (Brazil, Amazonia; Peru).<br />
20. L. fritschii.<br />
34. Inflorescence rachis and branches tomentose.<br />
36. Inflorescence small and little-branched;<br />
flowers 3-4 mm long; ovary glabrous; petioles<br />
glabrous (Panama).<br />
18.1. L. chiriquiensis.<br />
36. Inflorescence large and much-branched;<br />
flowers 2-3 mm long; ovary pubescent;<br />
petioles tomentose when young.<br />
37. Flower buds globose; flowers 2 mm<br />
long; leaves 5.5-11 x 2-6 cm<br />
(Guianas; Brazil; Venezuela).<br />
18. L. minuti<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
37. Flower buds ovoid; flowers 2.5-3 mm<br />
long; leaves 8-16 x 3-7.5 cm (Colombia;<br />
Peru; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
21. L. britteniana.
Systematic Treatment 9<br />
30. Petals unguiculate, much exceeding calyx lobes; filaments<br />
scarcely exceeding petals.<br />
38. Flowers 5-6 mm long; pedicels 2-2.5 mm long; ovary<br />
pilose (Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
22. L. unguiculata.<br />
38. Flowers 3 mm long; pedicels 0-0.25 mm long; ovary<br />
glabrescent (Peru; Brazil, Amazonia). 23. L. longipetala.<br />
1. Petals absent; stamens 8-14. Subg. Moquilea sect. Leptobalanus.<br />
39. Leaf underside glabrous or lanate, the venation not prominent, the stomatal cavities absent.<br />
40. Most flowers borne in small groups or cymules on distinct secondary branches (peduncles) of<br />
inflorescence; peduncles over 2 mm long.<br />
41. Rachis of inflorescence densely yellow-villous-tomentose (Venezuela; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
24. L. wurdackii.<br />
41. Rachis of inflorescence gray-puberulous.<br />
42. Inflorescence short and compact, 3-5 cm long; flowers 4-5 mm long; leaves ovate<br />
(NE Brazil).<br />
25. L. turbinata.<br />
42. Inflorescence longer and spreading, 6-20 cm long; flowers 2-3.5 mm long; leaves<br />
oblong to elliptic.<br />
43. Flowers 3.5-5 mm long; petioles deeply canaliculate; with two prominent glands<br />
at lamina base; rachis arachnoid-pubescent when young (Amazonia). 26. L. lata.<br />
43. Flowers 2-3 mm long; petioles terete to shallowly canaliculate; lamina base eglandular;<br />
rachis puberulous (Guianas; Brazil to S Amazonia). 27. L. apetala.<br />
40. Flowers sessile or nearly so on primary branches of inflorescence.<br />
44. Leaf apex predominantly obtuse to rounded.<br />
45. Rachis of inflorescence densely villous-tomentose; flowers ca. 4 mm long (Venezuela;<br />
Brazil, NW Amazonia).<br />
24. L. wurdackii.<br />
45. Rachis of inflorescence gray-puberulous; flowers 3 mm long (Guianas; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
28. L. parvifolia.<br />
44. Leaf apex distinctly acuminate (rarely only bluntly acuminate, L. jefensis).<br />
46. Flowers 4-5 mm long; receptacle cupuliform.<br />
47. Leaves glabrous beneath, inflorescence gray-villous-tomentose (Brazil, Mato<br />
Grosso).<br />
29. L. maguirei.<br />
47. Leaves with short persistent waxy lanate-pulverulent pubescence beneath; inflorescence<br />
brown-puberulous to tomentellous when mature (Amazonian Colombia;<br />
Peru; Brazil).<br />
26. L. lata.<br />
46. Flowers 2-3.5 mm long; receptacle urceolate or campanulate.<br />
48. Stipules persistent on young branches; petioles densely tomentose when young,<br />
2.5-3.5 mm thick; upper portion of ovary glabrous (central Brazil). 30. L. gardneri.<br />
48. Stipules usually caducous; petioles sparsely lanate-pubescent, puberulous, or glabrous,<br />
to 2 mm thick; upper portion of ovary pubescent.<br />
49. Inflorescence sparsely hirsutulous or yellow-arachnoid-tomentose; flower exterior<br />
yellow-brown-tomentose; petioles 2-3 mm long, canaliculate.<br />
50. Inflorescence sparsely hirsutulous; leaf apex finely acuminate, the acumen<br />
5-10 mm long (N Colombia).<br />
31. L. cuspidata.<br />
50. Inflorescence arachnoid-tomentose; leaf apex acute or bluntly acuminate,<br />
the acumen 3-5 mm long (Panama).<br />
31.1. L. jefensis.<br />
49. Inflorescence puberulous to tomentose; flower exterior gray-tomentose; petioles<br />
3-11 mm long, terete or shallowly canaliculate towards base.<br />
51. Leaf bases subcordate (Panama).<br />
31.2. L. morii.<br />
51. Leaf bases cuneate or subcuneate to rounded.<br />
52. Leaf undersurface rufous-brown-pubescent, with deeply reticulate<br />
venation; petioles 8-11 mm long; leaf apex cuspidate; inflorescence<br />
brown-tomentellous (Colombia, Valle). 31.3. L. cuatrecasasii.<br />
52. Leaf undersurface glabrous or rarely white-arachnoid-pubescent, venation<br />
smooth, not deeply reticulate; petioles 3-8 mm long; leaf<br />
apex acuminate; inflorescence brown or gray-puberulous to tomentose.<br />
53. Rachis and branches of inflorescence tomentose; petioles usually<br />
bearing two distinct glands (Central America).<br />
32. L. sparsipilis.<br />
53. Rachis and branches of inflorescence puberulous; petioles<br />
eglandular.<br />
54. Inflorescence and flower exterior sparsely puberulous; leaves<br />
thickly coriaceous, the apex finely attenuate with acumen<br />
10-25 mm long (Guianas; N Amazonian Brazil).<br />
27.1. L. granvillei.
10 Flora Neotropica<br />
54. Inflorescence usually densely gray-puberulous; leaves chartaceous,<br />
the apex acuminate with acumen 3-15 mm long<br />
(Colombia; Peru; Venezuela to S Brazil). 27. L. apetala.<br />
39. Leafundersurface with stomatal cavities or very deeply cut reticulation resembling stomatal cavities,<br />
lanate-pubescent in mouth of cavities.<br />
55. Inflorescence with secondary branches; flowers on distinct secondary branches of inflorescence<br />
that are at least 2 mm long.<br />
56. Flowers in small distinct groups or in cymules on short secondary branches (peduncles);<br />
leaf upper surface smooth, the base rounded to cuneate.<br />
57. Inflorescence 15-22 cm long, ferrugineous-arachnoid; leaf underside brown when dry<br />
(Guyana).<br />
35. L. persaudii.<br />
57. Inflorescence 6-8 cm long, gray-arachnoid or puberulous; leaf underside gray when<br />
dry (Guianas; Brazil, N Amazonia).<br />
36. L. sprucei.<br />
56. Flowers more or less clustered in large groups on primary and secondary branches of<br />
inflorescence, but without distinct peduncles; leaf upper surface usually papillose, the base<br />
often cordate (Brazil, Amazonia and south).<br />
37. L. sclerophylla.<br />
55. Inflorescence with primary branches only; flowers on primary branches of inflorescence, sessile<br />
or rarely with short peduncles not exceeding 1 mm in length.<br />
58. Pedicels 2 mm long (in bud), to 4 mm in flower (Guianas).<br />
38. L. albi<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
58. Pedicels not exceeding 2 mm, often shorter.<br />
59. Leaf reticulation extremely prominent on upper surface; fruit exterior appressedsordid-yellow-velutinous.<br />
60. Petioles 5-13 mm long; flowers ca. 3 mm long, borne on slender branchlets 0.5-<br />
1 mm thick; receptacle campanulate; flowers and inflorescence gray-tomentose<br />
(Panama; Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
39. L. longistyla.<br />
60. Petioles 15-20 mm long; flowers ca. 4 mm long, borne on branchlets ca. 2 mm<br />
thick; receptacle cupuliform; inflorescence and flowers brown-tomentose (Colombia,<br />
Pacific).<br />
40. L. fuchsii.<br />
59. Leaf reticulation prominulous on upper surface; fruit exterior glabrous or browntomentose.<br />
61. Young branches densely tomentellous, with a thick corky bark (central Brazil).<br />
41. L. humilis.<br />
61. Young branches glabrous or nearly so, the bark thin.<br />
62. Flowers 3.5-5 mm long; leaf apex mucronate (Guyana). 42. L. foveolata.<br />
62. Flowers 2-3 mm long; leaf apex rounded to acuminate (Venezuela; Guianas;<br />
central and Amazonian Brazil).<br />
43. L. octandra.<br />
Key B<br />
Species with 10-25 stamens, equalling or shorter than calyx lobes.<br />
1. Petals present.<br />
2. Ovary inserted at base of receptacle; bracts and bracteoles small and not enclosing groups of flower<br />
buds. Subg. Moquilea sect. Microdesmia.<br />
3. Leaf underside with stomatal cavities or deeply cut reticulation; filaments connate over half of<br />
length in groups, densely pubescent throughout.<br />
4. Pubescence of inflorescence light gray; primary leaf veins prominulous above (NE Brazil).<br />
44. L. rigida.<br />
4. Pubescence of inflorescence ferrugineous; primary leaf veins slightly impressed above (Central<br />
America; W South America to Peru). 45. L. arborea.<br />
3. Leaf underside with inconspicuous venation, lacking stomatal cavities; filaments free almost to<br />
base, glabrous on upper portion.<br />
5. Leaves 15-36 cm long; stipules 12-22 mm long.<br />
6. Leaf undersurface with caducous, lanate pubescence; anthers reniform; inflorescence borne<br />
on woody defoliated stalks (Colombia, Valle). 46. L. velata.<br />
6. Leaf undersurface hirsute; anthers deltoid; inflorescence terminal (French Guiana; Brazil,<br />
Amapa). 149. L. amapaensis.<br />
5. Leaves less than 14 cm long; stipules 2-10 mm long; flowers in terminal or axillary inflorescences<br />
on young branchlets.<br />
7. Inflorescence of unbranched subspikes or racemes.<br />
8. Flowers ca. 1.5 mm long, borne in clusters along rachis, the rachis, 4-15 mm long<br />
(Colombia, Boyaca). 47. L. subarachnophylla.<br />
8. Flowers ca. 2.5 mm long, not clustered, the rachis 2-4 mm long (Peru, Madre dos<br />
Dios). 47.1. L. tambopatensis.
Systematic Treatment 11<br />
7. Inflorescence of panicles, or a panicle of cymules.<br />
9. Leaf underside densely lanate-pubescent.<br />
10. Leaf apex with a well-developed acumen 3-5 mm long; stamens ca. 25; exterior<br />
of receptacle ferrugineous (Colombia, Antioquia).<br />
48. L. salicifolia.<br />
10. Leaf apex obtuse to broadly acuminate, the acumen not exceeding 1 mm; stamens<br />
ca. 15; exterior of receptacle brown (Brazil, Goifs).<br />
49. L. araneosa.<br />
9. Leaf underside glabrous.<br />
11. Inflorescence a panicle of small cymules along the rachis and short secondary<br />
branches; petioles 2-5 mm long; stamens 8-10 (Old World).<br />
Sect. Hymenopus. 147. L. splendens, L. palawanensis.<br />
11. Inflorescence of panicles, flowers not grouped in cymules; petioles 6-11 mm long;<br />
stamens 14-25 (New World).<br />
12. Leaf acumen 3-7 mm long; leaves 5-10 cm long; stamens ca. 25; flowers<br />
sessile on primary branches of inflorescence, densely brown-tomentose (eastern<br />
Brazil).<br />
50. L. silvatica.<br />
12. Leaf acumen 10-15 mm long; leaves 7.5-14 cm long; stamens 12-14; flowers<br />
predominantly on short secondary branches of inflorescence, short gray-to-<br />
mentose (Colombia, Valle).<br />
51. L. chocoensis.<br />
2. Ovary inserted laterally; bracts and bracteoles large and enclosing small groups of flower buds<br />
(Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil, Amazonia). Subg. Parinariopsis. 52. L. licanii<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
1. Petals absent.<br />
13. Leaf underside glabrous, or with an easily removed lanate pubescence, the reticulations shallow,<br />
stomatal cavities absent. Subg. Moquilea sect. Leptobalanus.<br />
14. Leaf undersurface glabrous; flowers in groups on distinct secondary branches of inflorescence;<br />
stamens 10-19 (Amazonia).<br />
15. Stamens ca. 19; leaves 15-20 cm long, with long acumen 11-19 mm long; flowers ca. 5<br />
mm long (Brazil, N Amazonia).<br />
33.1. L. joseramosii.<br />
15. Stamens 10-11; leaves 3-8.5 cm long, with acumen 0-6 mm long; flowers 2-3 mm long<br />
(Venezuela; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
33. L. emarginata.<br />
14. Leaf underside lanate; flowers sessile on primary branches of inflorescence; stamens ca. 22<br />
(Colombia, Valle).<br />
34. L. calvescens.<br />
13. Leaf underside with stomatal cavities or with deep reticulations, pubescence dense and filling the<br />
hollows between venation. Subg. Licania sect. Licania (pro parte).<br />
16. Receptacle conical; petioles usually canaliculate, 8-13 mm long; midrib impressed on upper<br />
surface towards lamina base; leaves drying light brown (Guianas; Brazil, N Amazonia).<br />
108. L. majuscula.<br />
16. Receptacle barrel-shaped; petioles terete, 3-6 mm long; midrib prominulous at base above,<br />
but becoming impressed apically; leaves drying dark brown (Colombia; Peru; Venezuela; Brazil,<br />
Amazonia).<br />
140. L. mollis.<br />
Key C<br />
Species with 3-9 stamens, equalling or shorter than calyx lobes.<br />
1. Leaf underside glabrous or sparsely hirsute or hispid along venation; petals present or absent. (For<br />
contrasting statement see p. 13.)<br />
2. Petals present. (For contrasting statement see p. 13.)<br />
3. Leaves sparsely hirsute along venation of lower surface or hispid at least on midrib. Sect. Hirsuta.<br />
4. Inflorescence and flowers sparsely hirsutulous; leaf lamina appearing deeply rugose above;<br />
primary veins and venation deeply impressed on upper surface.<br />
5. Leaf oblong, apex acuminate (Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
53. L. hirsuta.<br />
5. Leaf ovate to ovate-elliptic, apex rounded to obtuse (Central America). 54. L. costaricensis.<br />
4. Inflorescence and flowers densely pubescent; leaf lamina not rugose, primary veins plane or<br />
impressed and venation more or less plane on upper surface.<br />
6. Young stems, leaf midrib, and lower inflorescence branches hispid (Venezuela).<br />
57.1. L. hispida.<br />
6. Young stems puberulous; leaf midrib hirsute; inflorescence and exterior of flowers with<br />
short gray pubescence or densely ferrugineous-tomentose.<br />
7. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers with a short gray pubescence (Trinidad; Venezuela;<br />
Guianas; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
69. L. heteromorpha.<br />
7. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers densely ferrugineous-tomentose.<br />
8. Leaf chartaceous, apex acuminate (Bolivia, Amazonia).<br />
55. L. krukovii.<br />
8. Leaf thick-coriaceous, apex rounded to apiculate.
12 Flora Neotropica<br />
9. Primary leaf veins 6-9, prominulous above; petioles 3-4 mm long (Guyana;<br />
Venezuela).<br />
56. L. lasseri.<br />
9. Primary leaf veins 12-20, slightly impressed above; petioles 7-15 mm long<br />
(Guyana; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
57. L. latifolia.<br />
3. Leaf underside glabrous.<br />
Sect. Hymenopus.<br />
10. Flowers in small cymules on short distinct secondary branches of inflorescence at least 1 mm long.<br />
11. Leaves with a finely pointed acumen 15-30 mm long; flowers ca. 1 mm long; ovary and style<br />
pubescent (Colombia, Valle).<br />
58. L. minuscula.<br />
11. Leaves rounded or acute to broadly acuminate, the acumen 2-8.8 mm long; flowers 2-5 mm<br />
long; ovary and style glabrous or pubescent.<br />
12. Inflorescence compact and triangular, to 8 cm long; rachis and branches glabrous, the<br />
rachis not lenticellate; peduncles 2-4 mm long; exterior of flowers glabrous (Central America).<br />
59. L. operculipetala.<br />
12. Inflorescence lax and spreading, over 8 cm long, or short, lax and of small cymules on<br />
central rachis; rachis and branches puberulous, the rachis often lenticellate; peduncles 0.5-<br />
2 mm long; exterior of flowers puberulous.<br />
13. Inflorescence of small cymules on a central rachis 1.5-10 cm long; stamens 8-10;<br />
receptacle oblique in bud; mature fruit to 1.5 cm long, usually smaller, not costate<br />
(Old World, Asia and Pacific).<br />
147. L. splendens, L. palawanensis.4<br />
13. Inflorescence lax and spreading, over 8 cm long; stamens 5-7; receptacle symmetrical<br />
in bud; mature fruit 1.5-4 cm long, costate (New World).<br />
14. Flowers 4-5 mm long; inflorescence rachis 2-3 mm thick; leaves thickly coriaceous<br />
(Venezuela).<br />
60.1. L. pakaraimensis.<br />
14. Flowers 1.5-3 mm long; inflorescence rachis 1 mm thick; leaves chartaceous or<br />
thinly coriaceous.<br />
15. Leaf apex rounded; reticulation intricate (Trinidad; Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil,<br />
Amazonia).<br />
69. L. heteromorpha.<br />
15. Leaf apex acuminate; reticulation lax (Amazonia). 60. L. reticulata.<br />
10. Flowers borne mainly on primary branches of inflorescence or on secondary branches, but not in<br />
pedunculate cymules.<br />
16. Leaves narrowly oblong with nearly parallel sides; stamens usually slightly exceeding calyx<br />
lobes; mouth of receptacle filled by a dense lanate mass; petals slightly unguiculate.<br />
17. Receptacle narrowly urceolate, densely arachnoid-pubescent; flowers in dense glomerules<br />
on primary branches (Guyana; Brazil, Amazonia; Peru).<br />
61. L. arachnoidea.<br />
17. Receptacle campanulate, puberulous; flowers not densely glomerulate.<br />
18. Flowers 1.5-2 mm long; leaves to 17 cm long, usually smaller; stipules to 5 mm,<br />
caducous (Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
62. L. oblongifolia.<br />
18. Flowers 2.5-3 mm long; leaves usually exceeding 16 cm in length (to 40 cm); stipules<br />
to 15 mm, subpersistent (Guianas; Brazil, E Amazonia). 63. L. macrophylla.<br />
16. Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, but sides converging; stamens shorter than calyx lobes;<br />
mouth of receptacle with short deflexed hairs only; petals with broad simple bases.<br />
19. Exterior of flowers and rachis and branches of inflorescence glabrous or sparsely hirsutulous.<br />
20. Leaf apex caudate to cuspidate.<br />
21. Leaves elliptic, coriaceous, the apex caudate; petioles 5-7 mm long (Fr. Guiana;<br />
Brazil, Amazonia; Colombia; Peru).<br />
64. L. caudata.<br />
21. Leaves narrowly oblong, chartaceous, the apex cuspidate; petioles 1-3 mm long<br />
(Brazil, Mato Grosso).<br />
64.1. L. miltonii.<br />
20. Leaf apex acute to acuminate.<br />
22. Stipules large and foliaceous, caducous; exterior of flowers glabrous (Venezuela).<br />
65. L. latistipula.<br />
22. Stipules small, lanceolate, persistent; exterior of flowers hirsutulous.<br />
23. Leaves 9-27 cm long, thick-coriaceous, the apex abruptly short-acuminate;<br />
primary veins plane above (Guianas; Brazil, Parf). 66. L. divaricata.<br />
23. Leaves 7-11 cm long, membranous, the apex with a well-developed acumen<br />
5-9 mm long; primary veins slightly impressed above (Costa Rica; Venezuela;<br />
Brazil, Para). 67. L. glabri<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
19. Exterior of flowers and usually rachis and branches of inflorescence densely puberulous<br />
to tomentose; pubescence completely covering exterior of calyx.<br />
4 A third Malesian species of Licania, L. fusicarpa (Kosterm.) Prance, probably belongs here, but is known<br />
only from fruiting material.
Systematic Treatment 13<br />
24. Midrib broad towards base, 2-3.5 mm thick; leaves very thick-coriaceous; stipules to<br />
15 mm long, subpersistent; anthers deltoid or nearly so (Venezuela; Guyana; Brazil,<br />
Amazon).<br />
68. L. intrapetiolaris.<br />
24. Midrib narrower towards base, 1-2 mm thick; leaves membranous to coriaceous;<br />
stipules to 8 mm long, persistent to caducous; anthers reniform.<br />
25. Leaf apex long acuminate, base cuneate, petioles eglandular, stipules small, axillary,<br />
leaf base confluent into petiole.<br />
26. Leaves 9-18 cm long x 4.2-7 cm broad; flowers brown pubescent (Surinam;<br />
Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
69.1. L. laevigata.<br />
26. Leaves 4-5 cm long x 2.5-3.8 cm broad; flowers gray pubescent (Brazil,<br />
Amazonia).<br />
69.2. L. occultans.<br />
25. Leaf apex bluntly acuminate, base subcordate, rounded, subcuneate; petioles usually<br />
glandular, leaf base not confluent (Trinidad; Venezuela; Guianas; Amazonia).<br />
69. L. heteromorpha.<br />
2. Petals absent. Sect. Hymenopus.<br />
27. Leaves thin and membranous, the base cuneate, the venation equally prominent on both<br />
surfaces; receptacle urceolate (E-central Brazil).<br />
70. L. glazioviana.<br />
27. Leaves thick and coriaceous, the base usually rounded to cordate, rarely rounded-subcuneate<br />
(to cuneate in L. marleneae), the venation obscure on upper surface; receptacle conical to<br />
globose-cupuliform.<br />
28. Leaves rounded to obtuse at apex, rarely exceeding 9 cm in length.<br />
29. Flowers ca. 3 mm long; petioles terete (E Brazil).<br />
71. L. littoralis.<br />
29. Flowers ca. 2 mm long; petioles usually canaliculate.<br />
30. Inflorescence and flowers with brown pubescence; stamens 3; venation of lower<br />
surface of leaf often papillose; stipules intrapetiolar (Venezuela; Guyana).<br />
72. L. fanshawei.<br />
30. Inflorescence and flowers gray-puberulous or glabrescent; stamens 5; venation of<br />
leaf lower surface smooth-papillose; stipules adnate to extreme base of petiole.<br />
31. Leaf 2.5-6.5 cm long, the apex and base rounded (Guianas). 73. L. irwinii.<br />
31. Leaf 5.5-9.5 cm long, the apex acute, the base cuneate (Brazil, central Amazonia).<br />
73.1. L. marleneae.<br />
28. Leaves distinctly acuminate at apex, usually exceeding 8 cm in length.<br />
32. Midrib slightly impressed above; petioles canaliculate (French Guiana). 74. L. cyathodes.<br />
32. Midrib prominulous above; petioles terete.<br />
33. Flowers 2.5-3.5 mm long, ferrugineous-brown-pubescent; stipules 4-7 mm long,<br />
persistent (Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
75. L. polita.<br />
33. Flowers 1.5 mm long, gray-brown-pubescent; stipules small, caducous (Colombia;<br />
Venezuela; Brazil, Para).<br />
76. L. silvae.<br />
1. Leaf underside pubescent, densely arachnoid-lanate or pulverulent-farinaceous-pubescent (not hirsute);<br />
petals absent.<br />
34. Flowers in small cymules, on long slender secondary branches (peduncles) less than 0.5 mm thick<br />
and attached to primary inflorescence branches; pedicels usually 0.25-3 mm long, rarely absent;<br />
fruit often very small, usually not exceeding 2 cm in length.<br />
Sect. Cymosa.<br />
35. Leaf underside with stomatal cavities or thick, coarse, deeply cut venation, lanate-arachnoid.<br />
36. Bracteoles large and enclosing groups of flower buds; flowers subsessile; peduncles of<br />
cymules short and rather thick, 1-3 mm long (Venezuela; Guianas). 7. L. densi<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
36. Bracteoles small and not enclosing groups of flower buds; flowers pedicellate; peduncles<br />
of cymules long and slender.<br />
37. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers ferrugineous-tomentose; young stems ferrugineous-tomentellous<br />
(fruit 3-5 mm long, stipitate, densely tomentose, in L. cuprea).<br />
38. Flowers ca. 2 mm long; stipules ca. 5 mm long; stamens 3 (Guyana). 78. L. cuprea.<br />
38. Flowers ca. 6 mm long; stipules 7-10 mm long; stamens 6-7 (Brazil, Espirito<br />
Santo).<br />
78.1. L. arianeae.<br />
37. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers gray-puberulous or gray- or brown-tomentose;<br />
young stems glabrous or puberulous (fruit 1-2 mm long, not stipitate).<br />
39. Midrib impressed for entire length; petioles 7-14 mm long; leaves oblong-lanceolate<br />
(Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
79. L. impressa.<br />
39. Midrib plane throughout or impressed at base only; petioles 2-10 mm long; leaves<br />
ovate to oblong.<br />
40. Leaf apex rounded; leaves orbicular-ovate, petioles 8-10 mm long; stamens<br />
7 (E Brazil).<br />
80.1. L. santosii.<br />
40. Leaf apex acute to acuminate; leaves elliptic; petioles 2-7 mm long; stamens<br />
3-7.
14 Flora Neotropica<br />
41. Leaf underside with lanate pubescence obscuring venation; stamens 6-<br />
7 (central Brazil).<br />
80. L. dealbata.<br />
41. Leaf underside pubescent only in the mouth of stomatal cavities, the<br />
reticulations glabrous; stamens 3-5.<br />
42. Leaves ovate, broadest near base, 3-8.5 cm long; stipules axillary<br />
(widespread).<br />
88. L. hypoleuca.<br />
42. Leaves oblong-elliptic, broadest about middle, 5-13 cm long; stipules<br />
adnate to petiole base (Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
81. L. pallida.<br />
35. Leaf underside with a very fine, plane or prominulous venation, usually pulverulent-farinaceous.<br />
43. Exterior of flowers and branches of inflorescence entirely glabrous or glabrescent; fruit exterior<br />
often drying purple.<br />
44. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to oblong, the lower surface white-lanate (Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
82. L. gracilipes.<br />
44. Leaves ovate to oblong, the lower surface sparsely gray-pulverulent-farinaceous (Venezuela;<br />
Guianas; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
83. L. parvifructa.<br />
43. Exterior of flowers and usually branches of inflorescence puberulous to tomentose; fruit exterior<br />
gray to brown.<br />
45. Leaf apex rounded, the margins revolute; inflorescence glabrous (Brazil, Para, Bahia).<br />
84. L. cymosa.<br />
45. Leaf apex acuminate, the margins not revolute; inflorescence usually puberulous or tomentose.<br />
46. Fruit elongate-pyriform, to 2.5 cm long, the exterior with short rufous-velutinous<br />
pubescence; either inflorescence and exterior of flowers brown-tomentellous or petioles<br />
7-12 mm long.<br />
47. Petioles 3-6 mm long, terete; inflorescence and flowers brown-tomentellous; leaves<br />
triangular or nearly so (W Indies).<br />
85. L. ternatensis.<br />
47. Petioles 7-12 mm long, canaliculate; inflorescence and flowers gray-puberulous;<br />
leaves oblong (Trinidad; Guianas; Amazonia).<br />
86. L. membranacea.<br />
46. Fruit ovoid to pyriform, rarely exceeding 1.2 cm long; exterior of flowers gray-puberulous<br />
or glabrescent; petioles 3-6 mm long.<br />
48. Leaves 6.5-16 cm long; midrib and primary veins prominent on upper surface;<br />
rachis and branches of inflorescence glabrescent (Brazil, Amapa). 87. L. piresii.<br />
48. Leaves 2.5-10 cm long; midrib plane or prominulous on upper surface; rachis<br />
and branches of inflorescence puberulous.<br />
49. Inflorescence spreading, the rachis 1-15 mm thick; lower leaf surface pulverulent<br />
(Venezuela). 87.1. L. furfuracea.<br />
49. Inflorescence compact, the rachis 0.5 mm thick; lower surface tomentellous<br />
(widespread).<br />
88. L. hypoleuca.<br />
34. Flowers sessile or subsessile on primary branches of inflorescence or on short (less than 0.5 mm long)<br />
thick peduncles only; fruit rarely less than 2 cm long.<br />
50. Leaf underside pulverulent-farinaceous.<br />
Sect. Pulverulenta.<br />
51. Leaf with rounded to acute apex, the margins usually revolute.<br />
52. Flowers 1.5-2 mm long; receptacle campanulate-cupuliform.<br />
53. Young branches and inflorescence densely tomentose; inflorescence to 4 cm long,<br />
recurved (Venezuela; Guyana).<br />
89. L. boyanii.<br />
53. Young branches and inflorescence branches glabrous; inflorescence usually exceeding<br />
4 cm long, erect (Guyana).<br />
90. L. buxifolia.<br />
52. Flowers ca. 3 mm long; receptacle urceolate.<br />
54. Leaves predominantly orbicular, occasionally oblong-elliptic, the apex rounded to<br />
retuse (NW Amazonian Venezuela; Brazil).<br />
91. L. orbicularis.<br />
54. Leaves elliptic, the apex acute.<br />
55. Receptacle narrowly urceolate-cylindrical; calyx lobes lanceolate (Brazil, Rond6nia).<br />
92. L. niloi.<br />
55. Receptacle broadly urceolate; calyx lobes deltoid (Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil,<br />
Amazonia). 93. L. coriacea.<br />
51. Leaf with well-developed acumen, the margins not revolute.<br />
56. Flowers 3-4 mm long; receptacle urceolate.<br />
57. Leaf apex caudate; leaves 4-5.5 cm long, chartaceous; exterior of receptacle redbrown-pubescent<br />
contrasting with white pubescence on interior of calyx lobes (Brazil,<br />
Rondonia). 95.1. L. teixeirae.<br />
57. Leaf apex acuminate or acute; leaves 4-15 cm long, usually coriaceous; exterior of<br />
receptacle and calyx lobes gray-pubescent.
Systematic Treatment 15<br />
58. Venation of leaf underside minutely reticulate, forming a network with less than<br />
0.25 mm between reticulations; reticulation apparent because of absence of<br />
pubescence on veins; leaves thin-chartaceous; stipules usually caducous (Peru;<br />
Colombia; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
94. L. urceolaris.<br />
58. Venation and reticulation coarse, with 1-2 mm between reticulations; pubescence<br />
obscuring much of veins; leaves thick-coriaceous; stipules persistent.<br />
59. Leaf apex with finely pointed, well-developed acumen; rachis of inflorescence<br />
glabrous (Costa Rica; Panama; Guianas; Brazil, Para). 95. L. affinis.<br />
59. Leafapex acute or with short blunt acumen; rachis ofinflorescence pubescent<br />
(Venezuela; Guyana; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
93. L. coriacea.<br />
56. Flowers 1.5-2 mm long; receptacle campanulate.<br />
60. Primary veins slightly impressed on upper surface; fruit exterior sordid-rufous-pubescent;<br />
branches of inflorescence densely tomentose to puberulous.<br />
61. Leaves thick-coriaceous; stipules caducous; flowers in clusters on short thick peduncles;<br />
stamens 3 (Colombia, Pacific Coast).<br />
96. L. glauca.<br />
61. Leaves thin, chartaceous-membranous; stipules persistent; flowers on primary and secondary<br />
branches of inflorescence; stamens 6-7 (Guianas; Brazil, Amapa, Parf).<br />
97. L. davillifolia.<br />
60. Primary veins plane or prominent on upper surface; fruit exterior glabrous, drying yellow;<br />
branches of inflorescence glabrous to puberulous.<br />
62. Leaves (11-)13-18 cm long, 4-8 cm broad (Guianas; Brazil, Amazonia). 98. L. elliptica.<br />
62. Leaves 4-10(-12) cm long, 2-5.5 cm broad (Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil, Amazonia;<br />
Bolivia).<br />
99. L. canescens.<br />
50. Leaf underside densely lanate-arachnoid or with stomatal cavities, never pulverulent.<br />
Subg. Licania sect. Licania.<br />
63. Flowers 6-7.5 mm long, stamens often connate for half their length or free.<br />
64. Stamens connate for half their length; leaves prominently reticulate but without stomatal<br />
cavities; petioles eglandular (Guyana; Surinam).<br />
100. L. couepiifolia.<br />
64. Stamens free to base; leaves with conspicuous stomatal cavities; petioles with 2 glands near<br />
base of lamina (Brazil, Amapf).<br />
101.1. L. naviculistipula.<br />
63. Flowers not exceeding 5.5 mm in length; stamens free almost to base.<br />
65. Leaf base distinctly cordate or subcordate; leaves usually ovate-orbicular.<br />
66. Leaves triangular-ovate, 10-16 cm long, membranous (Peru, Loreto). 101. L. trigonioides.<br />
66. Leaves orbicular to ovate, 3-9 cm long, usually coriaceous.<br />
67. Young stems hispid; lower surface of leaves with hirsutulous-hispid venation, the<br />
apex with well-developed acumen (Venezuela, Amazonas). 102. L. cordata.<br />
67. Young stems puberulous to tomentose; lower surface of leaves glabrous or lanate on<br />
venation, the apex acute or bluntly acuminate.<br />
68. Flowers 4.5-5.5 mm long; receptacle urceolate; stipules 5-6 mm long (Venezuela,<br />
Amazonas).<br />
103. L. foldatsii.<br />
68. Flowers 1.5-3.5 mm long; receptacle campanulate; stipules 1-3 mm long.<br />
69. Leaves submembranous, the lower surface with deeply cut venation, the<br />
pubescence occurring in cavities and hard to remove; fertile stamens 5-11.<br />
70. Stamens 8-11; petioles ca. 5 mm long; stipules 3-6 mm long (Amazonian<br />
Colombia; Venezuela; Brazil).<br />
140. L. mollis.<br />
70. Stamens 5-6; petioles 1.5-3 mm long; stipules 2-2.5 mm long (Amazonian<br />
Venezuela; Colombia).<br />
104. L. hebantha.<br />
69. Leaves thick-coriaceous, the lower surface with shallow venation, not forming<br />
cavities, the lanate pubescence easily rubbed off; fertile stamens 3.<br />
71. Pubescence obscuring venation; stipules adnate to extreme base of petiole<br />
(Venezuela, Bolivar).<br />
105. L. steyermarkii.<br />
71. Pubescence not obscuring venation; stipules axillary (Venezuela).<br />
106. L. subrotundata.<br />
65. Leaf base rounded to cuneate; leaves only rarely ovate-orbicular.<br />
72. Midrib and primary veins distinctly impressed on leaf upper surface.<br />
73. Leaf underside with well-developed stomatal cavities filled with lanate pubescence;<br />
petioles 8-17 mm long.<br />
74. Stomatal cavities conspicuous because of glabrous nerves and veins; leaves 4-<br />
8.5 cm long (Venezuela; Brazil, Amazonas).<br />
107. L. crassivenia.<br />
74. Stomatal cavities less conspicuous because of puberulous nerves and venation;<br />
leaves (8-)10-25 cm long.<br />
75. Flowers ca. 1.5-2.5 mm long; inflorescence much branched, predominantly<br />
axillary; fertile stamens 3 with 4 sterile staminodes; petioles conspicuously<br />
2-4-glandular (Surinam).<br />
108.1. L. jimenezii.
16 Flora Neotropica<br />
75. Flowers 3-5 mm long; inflorescence little branched, terminal; fertile stamens<br />
6-11, staminodes absent; petiole glands inconspicuous.<br />
76. Receptacle conical, 4-5 mm long; fruit tomentellous, the stipe 2-6 mm<br />
long; leaf underside brown-lanate (Guianas; Brazil, Amazonas).<br />
108. L. majuscula.<br />
76. Receptacle campanulate, 2.5-3 mm long; fruit pulverulent, the stipe<br />
8-15 mm long; leaf underside white-lanate (Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil,<br />
Amazonas).<br />
109. L. alba.<br />
73. Leaf underside without stomatal cavities but often prominently reticulate; petioles 2-6(-8) mm<br />
long.<br />
77. Exterior of receptacle sparsely puberulous, the pubescence not completely covering the surface;<br />
leaves oblong-lanceolate (widespread).<br />
114. L. kunthiana.<br />
77. Exterior of receptacle densely tomentose to tomentellous, the pubescence completely covering<br />
the surface; leaves oblong to elliptic.<br />
78. Leaves 2.5-5.5 cm long, not prominently reticulate beneath; petioles 1.5-3 mm long<br />
(Venezuela, Bolivar).<br />
110. L. hitchcockii.<br />
78. Leaves 5-22 cm long, prominently reticulate beneath; petioles 4-8 mm long.<br />
79. Flowers ca. 3.5-5 mm long; receptacle broadly cupuliform; leaves orbicular with<br />
rounded apex, the underside hirsute along venation (Guyana). 111. L. sandwithii.<br />
79. Flowers 2-3 mm long; receptacle campanulate; leaves oblong to elliptic, acute to<br />
acuminate at apex, the underside usually tomentellous, rarely hirsute on venation.<br />
80. Leaf undersurface with parallel secondary veins, giving a prominently reticulate<br />
appearance; pubescence brown; primary veins 7-10 (Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil,<br />
Amazonia).<br />
112. L. laxi<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
80. Leaf undersurface with diffuse secondary veins, less prominent; pubescence rufous;<br />
primary veins 5-6 (Venezuela; Guianas).<br />
113. L. rufescens.<br />
72. Primary veins and usually midrib plane or prominent on upper surface.<br />
81. Exterior of flowers and inflorescence branches gray-puberulous, the pubescence not completely<br />
covering surfaces.<br />
82. Receptacle campanulate; leaves without stomatal cavities (widespread). 114. L. kunthiana.<br />
82. Receptacle urceolate; leaves with shallow stomatal cavities (Brazil, Rond6nia).<br />
115. L. bellingtonii.<br />
81. Exterior of flowers densely tomentellous or tomentose, the pubescence completely covering surfaces.<br />
83. Leaf apex rounded, obtuse or bluntly acute, or rarely short-apiculate (never acuminate).<br />
84. Lanate pubescence of leaf underside hard to remove, covering deep stomatal cavities;<br />
receptacle urceolate (Guyana).<br />
116. L. compacta.<br />
84. Lanate pubescence of leaf underside easily removed, revealing little protruding venation,<br />
stomatal cavities absent; receptacle usually campanulate, urceolate in L. ovalifolia and<br />
L. savannarum only.<br />
85. Receptacle urceolate; stipules 3-5 mm long, adnate to petiole well above base.<br />
86. Stamens 3; leaves thickly coriaceous; petioles 4-7 mm long (Guianas; Brazil,<br />
Amapa). 117. L. ovalifolia.<br />
86. Stamens 9-11; leaves chartaceous; petioles 1.5-2.5 mm long (Brazil, Amazonas).<br />
119.1. L. stewardii.<br />
85. Receptacle usually campanulate, rarely urceolate; stipules 1-3 mm long, axillary or<br />
adnate to extreme base of petiole.<br />
87. Leaves ovate-orbicular, the apex often shortly apiculate.<br />
88. Lanate pubescence obscuring venation; stipules adnate to extreme base of<br />
petiole (Venezuela, Bolivar).<br />
105. L. steyermarkii.<br />
88. Lanate pubescence not obscuring venation; stipules axillary (Venezuela).<br />
106. L. subrotundata.<br />
87. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to elliptic, the apex rounded, acute or acuminate.<br />
89. Stipules adnate to petiole base; petioles 8-12 mm long; inflorescence branches<br />
very sparsely puberulous; stamens 5 (Brazil, Bahia). 138. L. bahiensis.<br />
89. Stipules axillary, caducous; petioles 2-7 mm long; inflorescence branches<br />
densely puberulous or tomentellous; stamens 3.<br />
90. Leaves oblong-elliptic, sparsely lanate, the underside minutely reticulate;<br />
primary veins 9-11; petioles 4-7 mm long; receptacle campanulate<br />
(Colombia). 118. L. caldasiana.<br />
90. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, the underside densely farinaceouslanate<br />
with obscured venation; primary veins 5-8; petioles 2-3 mm<br />
long; receptacle campanulate-urceolate (Brazil; Venezuela, Amazonas).<br />
119. L. savannarum.
Systematic Treatment 17<br />
83. Leaf apex distinctly acuminate or sharply acute.<br />
91. Leaves 3-4 cm long, with two conspicuous glands at junction of petiole with upper surface of<br />
lamina (Guyana).<br />
120. L. microphylla.<br />
91. Leaves predominantly large, exceeding 5 cm, lacking conspicuous glands.<br />
92. Stamens 3.<br />
93. Leaf undersurface with stomatal cavities.<br />
94. Leaf venation glabrous or glabrescent, hence conspicuous, with glands present at<br />
base of lower surface; leaves coriaceous; stipules less than 1.5 mm broad at base<br />
(Peru; Brazil; Colombian Amazonia).<br />
121. L. triandra.<br />
94. Leaf venation pubescent, lanate pubescence covering entire leaf and obscuring stomatal<br />
cavities of lower surface, lacking glands at leaf base; leaves chartaceous; stipules<br />
2.5 mm broad at base (Brazil, Para).<br />
121.1. L. tocantina.<br />
93. Leaf undersurface with prominent venation but no stomatal cavities, the venation pubescent<br />
and hence less conspicuous.<br />
95. Stipules caducous, petioles glabrous or tomentose; receptacle campanulate.<br />
96. Petioles tomentose when young; leaves elliptic to oblong, with well-developed<br />
acumen; primary veins 7-9 pairs (Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil). 122. L. discolor.<br />
96. Petioles glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, finely apiculate; primary veins 10-<br />
12 pairs (Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
123. L. apiculata.<br />
95. Stipules persistent, petioles glabrous or puberulous when young; receptacle campanulate<br />
or urceolate.<br />
97. Inflorescence 8-15 cm long, spreading, with numerous primary branches; lower<br />
leaf surface brown-lanate; receptacle campanulate (Colombia; Venezuela; Guianas;<br />
Brazil, Amazonia, Bahia).<br />
124. L. micrantha.<br />
97. Inflorescence 5-6 cm long, with a few primary branches; lower leaf surface<br />
whitish-gray-pubescent; receptacle urceolate.<br />
98. Leaf apex with a finely pointed acumen; leaves thin-membranous (French<br />
Guiana; Brazil, Amapa).<br />
125. L. pruinosa.<br />
98. Leaf apex acute to bluntly acuminate; leaves coriaceous.<br />
99. Leaves thinly coriaceous, 4.5-10.5 x 2-5.5 cm; flowers 4-5 mm long;<br />
interior of receptacle pubescent on upper portion (E-central Brazil).<br />
126. L. nitida.<br />
99. Leaves thickly coriaceous, 3-5.5 x 2-3 cm; flowers 2 mm long; interior<br />
of receptacle glabrous on upper portion (Brazil, NW Amazonia).<br />
126.1 L. aracaensis.<br />
92. Stamens 4-8(-10).<br />
100. Leaf underside with deep, extremely conspicuous stomatal cavities, the pubescence<br />
confined to cavities made obvious by almost glabrous venation.<br />
101. Inflorescence and flowers ferrugineous-pubescent; stipules 1-2 mm long x 1-1.5<br />
mm broad at base, persistent, ferrugineous; leaf apex acute to bluntly acuminate<br />
(E-central Brazil).<br />
127. L. riedelii.<br />
101. Inflorescence and flowers gray-puberulous; stipules 2-4 mm long, 0.2-0.5 mm<br />
broad at base, persistent or caducous, pubescent but not ferrugineous; leaf with<br />
well-developed acumen.<br />
102. Bracteoles persistent, lanceolate; upper surface of midrib impressed; stipules<br />
caducous (Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
128. L. bracteata.<br />
102. Bracteoles caducous, triangular; upper surface of midrib plane; stipules small<br />
but persistent.<br />
103. Inflorescence branches thick; flowers subsessile; fruit exterior ferrugineous-velutinous<br />
(Venezuela; Colombia; Guianas; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
129. L. parvi<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
103. Inflorescence branches slender; flowers distinctly pedicellate; fruit exterior<br />
reddish-brown, short-pulverulent (Venezuela; Brazil, Amazonas).<br />
81. L. pallida.<br />
100. Leaf underside with poorly developed stomatal cavities or none, venation pubescent.<br />
104. Petioles 1.5-2 cm long; inflorescence rachis and branches glabrous or glabrescent<br />
(Guianas; Brazil, Para).<br />
130. L. robusta.<br />
104. Petioles to 1 cm long (to 1.5 cm in L. bahiensis and L. lamentanda); inflorescence<br />
rachis and branches usually densely tomentose or tomentellous.<br />
105. Inflorescence predominantly of axillary and terminal spikes, terminal inflorescences<br />
rarely little branched or with minute spikes along rachis.<br />
106. Leaves lanceolate, the lower surface deeply reticulate, with poorly<br />
developed stomatal cavities (Venezuela, Amazonas; Brazil, Roraima).<br />
131. L. lanceolata.
18 Flora Neotropica<br />
106. Leaves oblong to ovate-elliptic, the lower surface not deeply reticulate,<br />
lacking stomatal cavities.<br />
107. Flowers 2.5 mm long; receptacle broadly cupuliform; inflorescence<br />
puberulous; reticulate venation of leaf underside conspicuous<br />
(E-central Brazil).<br />
132. L. spicata.<br />
107. Flowers 1.5-2 mm long; receptacle campanulate; inflorescence<br />
tomentose; venation of leaf underside inconspicuous except in<br />
L. nelsonii.<br />
108. Flowers in short, dense, minute spikes attached to long<br />
rachis (Surinam).<br />
133. L. stricta.<br />
108. Flowers solitary along rachis or in dense glomerules, but<br />
not in minute spikes.<br />
109. Leaf undersurface conspicuously reticulate; stipules<br />
adnate to base of petiole; receptacle rufous-pubescent;<br />
flowers densely and evenly clustered along inflorescence<br />
rachis; large tree. 135.1. L. nelsonii.<br />
109. Leaf undersurface lanate, not conspicuously reticulate;<br />
stipules axillary; receptacle gray-brown pubescent;<br />
flowers in dense glomerules or small groups;<br />
small shrub to medium sized tree (15 m).<br />
110. Leaves thin and membranous, the acumen<br />
finely pointed; flowers in dense glomerules; inflorescences<br />
largely axillary (Venezuela;<br />
Guianas; Brazil, Bahia, Parf).<br />
134. L. leptostachya.<br />
110. Leaves thick and coriaceous, the acumen usually<br />
blunt; flowers in small groups or solitary<br />
but not glomerulate; inflorescences largely terminal<br />
(Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
135. L. incana.<br />
105. Inflorescence of terminal and sub-terminal racemose panicles.<br />
111. Leaves lanceolate; low shrub or subshrub (Venezuela, Amazonas; Brazil, Roraima).<br />
131. L. lanceolata.<br />
111. Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate; trees or tall shrubs.<br />
112. Stipules 3-10 mm long and at least 1 mm broad at base, distinctly adnate to petiole or<br />
intrapetiolar, persistent and obvious.<br />
113. Midrib distinctly impressed above; bracteoles 0.2-1.5 mm long.<br />
114. Inflorescence ferrugineous-pubescent; petioles canaliculate; stipules adnate to<br />
petiole well away from axil (Bolivia; Brazil, Para). 136. L. paraensis.<br />
114. Inflorescence gray-puberulous; petioles terete; stipules intrapetiolar or adnate<br />
to inside of extreme base of petiole.<br />
115. Leaves with a finely pointed acumen; primary veins 11-12 pairs, the<br />
lower surface glandular at base (Colombia, Amazonas; Brazil, W Amazonia).<br />
137. L. vaupesiana.<br />
115. Leaves with blunt acumen; primary veins 6-8 pairs, the lower surface<br />
eglandular at base (E-central Brazil).<br />
138. L. bahiensis.<br />
113. Midrib plane or prominulous above; bracteoles 1.5-3 mm long.<br />
116. Leaves membranous; flowers ca. 2 mm long, gray-tomentellous; inflorescence<br />
gray-puberulous; stamens 5 (Brazil, Amapa).<br />
139. L. maxima.<br />
116. Leaves coriaceous; flowers 3-3.5 mm long, brown-tomentose; inflorescence<br />
brown-tomentose; stamens 8-11 (Amazonian Colombia; Venezuela; Brazil).<br />
140. L. mollis.<br />
112. Stipules usually less than (rarely exceeding) 2.5 mm long and very narrow to base, on<br />
outside of axils or adnate to extreme base of petiole, caducous or persistent, often inconspicuous.<br />
117. Stipules adnate to extreme base of petiole, persistent or subpersistent.<br />
118. Petioles 7-12 mm long, remaining tomentellous even with age; laminae 7-<br />
16 x 3-7.5 cm; stipules sub-persistent (Brazil, Para and central).<br />
141. L. blackii.<br />
118. Petioles 2-6 mm long, becoming glabrous with age; lamina 3-12 x 2.2-5.5<br />
cm; stipules persistent.
Systematic Treatment 19<br />
119. Inflorescence lax and spreading; leaf with a finely pointed acumen 8-20 mm<br />
long, the lower surface farinaceous-lanate, shallowly reticulate (Colombia;<br />
Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil, Amazonia).<br />
129. L. parvi<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
119. Inflorescence and flowers densely crowded; leaf with blunt acumen 2-<br />
13 mm long, the lower surface lanate, deeply reticulate (Venezuela;<br />
Guianas to E-central Brazil).<br />
114. L. kunthiana.<br />
117. Stipules axillary, caducous or persistent.<br />
120. Petioles 11-15 mm long; flowers 3.5-4 mm long (Brazil, Bahia). 130.1. L. lamentanda.<br />
120. Petioles 2-10 mm long; flowers 2-3 mm long.<br />
121. Leaf undersurface with smooth inconspicuous reticulation, the pubescence easily removed;<br />
primary veins widely spaced, 1.2-2.5 cm apart; exterior of receptacle velutinouspubescent<br />
(Brazil, Amazonas).<br />
142. L. rodriguesii.<br />
121. Leaf underside with deeply cut reticulation, and hence pubescence hard to remove; primary<br />
veins not more than 1 cm apart; exterior of receptacle tomentellous.<br />
122. Receptacle globose; upper surface of youngest leaves appressed-strigose, soon becoming<br />
glabrous; inflorescence of axillary spikes and terminal panicles (E-central<br />
Brazil).<br />
132. L. spicata.<br />
122. Receptacle usually campanulate; upper surface of youngest leaves glabrous; inflorescence<br />
of terminal and subterminal racemose panicles.<br />
123. Leaves oblong-lanceolate; midrib slightly impressed on upper surface (E-central<br />
Brazil).<br />
143. L. indurata.<br />
123. Leaves ovate-elliptic to oblong; midrib usually plane on upper surface.<br />
124. Inflorescence much branched, spreading, lax; lower leaf surface rufouspubescent<br />
(Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil).<br />
113. L. rufescens.<br />
124. Inflorescence densely crowded, compact, little-branched; lower leaf surface<br />
gray-brown-pubescent.<br />
125. Petioles 4-7 mm long, terete; receptacle and calyx lobes tomentose<br />
on exterior.<br />
126. Leaves finely acuminate, the acumen 8-12 mm long; stipules<br />
caducous, ca. 1 mm long (Ecuador). 144.1. L. harlingii.<br />
126. Leaves bluntly acuminate to obtuse; stipules persistent, 1-<br />
3 mm long.<br />
127. Petioles soon becoming glabrous; leaf apex bluntly<br />
acuminate; young fruit pyriform (E-central Brazil).<br />
144. L. hoehnei.<br />
127. Petioles tomentose, becoming less so with age; leaf<br />
apex obtuse to acute; young fruit cylindrical when<br />
young, becoming pyriform (Panama; Trinidad; Venezuela).<br />
145. L. cruegeriana.<br />
125. Petioles 10-12 mm long, canaliculate; receptacle and calyx lobes<br />
velutinous on exterior (Brazil, Bahia).<br />
146. L. belemii.<br />
Additional Notes and Descriptions<br />
of Species of Licania<br />
The notes on the species that follow refer only<br />
to those species for which interesting and useful<br />
new data have been collected since the mono-<br />
graph (Prance, 1972).<br />
Subgenus Moquilea Section Moquilea<br />
2-3. Licania maritima Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 44. 1972.<br />
Fruit globose with warty surface, 9-10 cm in<br />
diam.; exocarp glabrous, crustaceous; mesocarp<br />
1.5-1.8 cm thick, fibrous; endocarp ca. 3 mm<br />
thick, hard and woody, glabrous within.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 59). Endemic to coastal forests<br />
of Choc6, Colombia.<br />
Additional specimen examined. COLOMBIA. CHOCO:<br />
Mun. El Valle, Jan 1985 (fr), P. Perez s.n. (MEDEL).<br />
This species was described from a single flow-<br />
ering specimen. The fruits are large and rather<br />
similar to those of L. macrocarpa, and are said<br />
to be edible.
20 Flora Neotropica<br />
a &<br />
s o~ ,<br />
E I X D<br />
dI<br />
I X<br />
el<br />
e l ^ e: ^ e r X < ,,. vE ,<br />
0<br />
0<br />
t<br />
CO i O O<br />
i.<br />
C '<br />
A.<br />
FIG. 2. Licaniafilomenoi (Gentry et al 25665). A, habit; B, bract; C, flower bud; D, section of flower bud;<br />
E, ovary and style; F, stamen; G, H, petals; I, young fruit.<br />
21<br />
r, ;'"~<br />
:~ . ~,;, ..'.';:~~i??;'..<br />
,, ~ i ~ : - . ~~:.:;::.'::.-. '
22 Flora Neotropica<br />
puberulous beneath; primary veins 21-24 pairs, conspicuous parallel reticulate pattern; petioles<br />
slightly impressed above, prominent beneath; 8-12 mm long, puberulous, terete, eglandular.<br />
secondary veins more or less parallel on lower Stipules intrapetiolar, ca. 2 mm long, persistent.<br />
surface, forming a conspicuous reticulate pat- Inflorescences ramiflorous, little-branched racetern;<br />
petioles 6-8 mm long, terete, eglandular, mose panicles, to 15 cm long, the rachis and<br />
sparsely puberulous. Stipules not seen. Inflores- branches brown-shaggy-tomentose. Bracts 4-4.5<br />
cences of unbranched racemes or little-branched cm long, membranous, glabrous except for marpanicles,<br />
5-13 cm long, axillary or subterminal, gins. Flowers 5-6 mm long, solitary and not<br />
the rachis and branches ferrugineous tomentose. densely crowded on inflorescence branches. Re-<br />
Bracts at base of inflorescence large and persis- ceptacle cupuliform, sessile, sparsely puberulous<br />
tent, 25-35 cm long, chartaceous; bracteoles 5- on upper part of exterior, tomentose only around<br />
15 mm long, shortly tomentellous on exterior, base, densely tomentose within. Calyx lobes five,<br />
glabrescent within. Flowers ca. 5 mm long, sol- acute, puberulous on exterior, tomentellous<br />
itary along rachis and primary branches of inflo- within. Petals five, white. Stamens ca. 40, inrescence.<br />
Receptacle cupuliform, sessile, ferru- serted around complete circle, exserted, connate<br />
gineous-brown tomentose on exterior, densely at extreme base, with dense villous mass at base<br />
tomentose within. Calyx lobes five, acute, to- of filaments. Ovary inserted at base of receptacle,<br />
mentose on exterior. Petals five, white, tomen- lanate. Style lanate for two-thirds of length, extellous<br />
on exterior, glabrous within. Stamens ca. ceeding filaments. Fruit not seen.<br />
35, inserted around complete circle, the filaments Distribution (Fig. 42). Known only from Anexserted<br />
(seen only in buds). Ovary inserted at dean foothills of Ecuador.<br />
base of receptacle, villous-pubescent. Style hir- Habitat. Primary forest.<br />
sute on lower portion. Youngfruit globose, exo-<br />
Additional<br />
carp lenticellate.<br />
specimens examined. ECUADOR.<br />
AZUAY: Between Rio Blanco and Rio Norcay on rd.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 38). Known only from the Chancanceo to Molleturo, 1520 m, 4 Jun 1943 (st),<br />
type collection from San Martin, Peru. Steyermark 52829 (F, NY). PICHINCHA: Reserva Fo-<br />
Habitat. Mature flatland forest on lateritic soil. restal Endesa, Rio Silanche, 0?5'N, 79002'W, 650-700<br />
This species is closely related to Licania duri- m, 10 Jun 1984 (st), Jaramillo 6672 (NY, QCA), 14<br />
folia, with which it shares a similar parallel re-<br />
Aug 1984 (st), Jaramillo 6960 (NY, QCA), 18 Mar<br />
1985 (st), Jaramillo 7527 (NY, QCA).<br />
ticulate venation pattern of the leafundersurface,<br />
but from which it differs in the much smaller Closely related to Licania durifolia and L. fiinflorescence,<br />
less densely crowded flower, and lomenoi, this species shares with them leaves with<br />
persistent bracts and bracteoles. It is named for a gray pubescence and conspicuous parallel sec-<br />
Filomeno Encarnaci6n, botanist of Iquitos, Peru. ondary venation. It differs from L. durifolia in<br />
the smaller unbranched inflorescence with less<br />
24.2. Licania grandibracteata Prance, sp. nov.<br />
Type. Ecuador. Pichincha: Reserva Florestal<br />
Endesa, Rio Silanche, 0?5'N, 79?02'W, 650-<br />
700 m, 7 Dec 1984 (fl), J. Jaramillo 7413 (holotype,<br />
NY; isotype, QCA). Fig. 3.<br />
A L. durifolio inflorescentiis minoribus, ramifloris,<br />
floribus haud agglomeratis, receptaculo extus<br />
sparse puberulo, bracteolis persistentibus differt.<br />
dense flowers, the persistent bracteoles and the<br />
sparse pubescence of the receptacle. It differs from<br />
both species in the ramiflorous inflorescence and<br />
from L. filomenoi in the much sparser pubescence<br />
of the inflorescence and flowers, and the<br />
larger membranous bracteoles.<br />
2-5. Licania macrocarpa Cuatrecasas, Fieldiana,<br />
Bot. 27: 107. 1951.<br />
Tree to 30 m tall, the young branches glabrous,<br />
conspicuously lenticellate. Leaf lamina oblong,<br />
coriaceous, 31-33 x 7-13.5 cm, rounded at base,<br />
bluntly acute at apex, with short appressed graybrown<br />
pubescence beneath; midrib prominulous<br />
above, prominent beneath; primary veins 21-24<br />
pairs, impressed above, prominent beneath; secondary<br />
veins more or less parallel, forming a<br />
Distribution (Fig. 59). Lowland forests to 600<br />
m in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.<br />
Additionalspecimensexamined. COLOMBIA. CHocO:<br />
3 km W of Tutunend6, 7 Jan 1981 (st), Gentry et al.<br />
30324 (MO, NY).<br />
ECUADOR. LOS RIOS-PICHINCHA: El Centinela,<br />
Montaiias de Lla, 6 Feb 1979 (fl), Dodson et al. 7516<br />
(MO), 2 Oct 1979 (fr), Dodson et al. 8672 (MO, NY);
Systematic Treatment 23<br />
t~~~~~~~~~~~?<br />
/\I YA*A ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4<br />
r~~yr ~~ ~r- I I ~ ~ ~ ";.i~~Tki~~e~~!'-?~~;~;.<br />
? ~ ~ no<br />
FIG 3 Lcaiagradirateta(Jramll 713. , hbi; , ea uderurac; , rac; . loer E<br />
flwr etin F vayan tye G etl
24 Flora Neotropica<br />
Cerro Antisana, NE of Borja (fl), Grubb et al. 1045 a very small ovary at the base, and the greater<br />
(NY).<br />
number of stamens. It is the<br />
PERU: PASCO: Prov. Oxapampa, Palcazu Valley, Is-<br />
largest-leaved species<br />
cozacin, 22 Jan 1984 (fl), Foster 7961 (MO, NY).<br />
of Licania so far described. It is related to the<br />
other large-leaved, lanate pubescent species of<br />
2-5.1. Licania gentryi Prance, sp. nov. Type. Co- Licania subgenus Moquilea, but is quite distinct<br />
lombia. Valle: Bajo Calima, 15 km N of Bue- from them by the leaf size and shape and the<br />
naventura, 3?56'N, 77?08'W, 50 m, 16 Feb ramiflorous nature of the inflorescence.<br />
1983 (fl), A. Gentry et al. 40355 (holotype,<br />
MO; isotype, NY). Fig. 4. 2-5.2. Licania cabrerae Prance, Brittonia 28:<br />
210-212, fig. 1. 1976. Type. Colombia. An-<br />
Species a L. cabrerae affinis, foliis 27-47 cm tioquia: Estaci6n Experimental Forestal Pielongis<br />
x 22-26 cm latis, inflorescentiis rami- dras Blancas, 13 Jul 1957 (fl), I. Cabrera R.<br />
floris, receptaculo crasso, staminibus circa 60 dif- 94 (holotype, COL).<br />
fert.<br />
Tree 10 m tall. Leaf lamina elliptic, charta- Small tree, the young branches ferrugineousceous,<br />
27-47 cm x 22-26 cm, rounded at base,<br />
lanate pubescent, soon glabrate. Leaflamina obabruptly<br />
mucronate at apex, the mucro 5-7 mm long to oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, 12-17 x<br />
long, densely ferrugineous-lanate-pubescent be- 3-4.5 cm, subcuneate at base, acuminate at apex,<br />
neath, lanate above when young, becoming glathe<br />
acumen 8-15 mm long, lanate-tomentose on<br />
brous with age, the pubescence persisting only upper surface when young, soon becoming glaalong<br />
veins; midrib prominent beneath, plane brous, ferrugineous-lanate-tomentose beneath<br />
above, with a ferrugineous-lanate-pubescence<br />
when young, becoming gray-tomentellous with<br />
contrasting with the caducous lighter pubescence age; midrib prominulous above, lanate when<br />
of upper surface and lateral veins; primary veins young, prominent beneath, gray-tomentellous;<br />
25-29 pairs, prominent beneath, slightly im- primary veins 16-19 pairs, plane above, prompressed<br />
above; petioles 20-25 mm long, ferru- inent beneath; petioles 10-12 mm long, terete,<br />
gineous-lanate-pubescent, terete, eglandular.<br />
lanate-tomentose when young. Stipules mem-<br />
Stipules axillary, ca. 12 mm long, membranous, branous, triangular, caducous. Inflorescences of<br />
sparsely lanate on exterior, glabrous on inner sur- racemose panicles to 18 cm long, the rachis and<br />
face. Inflorescences of panicles borne on the branches densely ferrugineous-tomentose; bracts<br />
woody branches, the rachis and branches to- and bracteoles triangular, membranous, ferrumentellous;<br />
bracts large and membranous to 20 gineous-pubescent, glabrous on inner surface, remm<br />
long, persisting at base of inflorescence; flexed, caducous. Flower buds enclosed by large<br />
bracteoles membranous, to 20 mm long, tomen- navicular, amplexicaul bracts. Flowers 6-7 mm<br />
tellous on exterior, glabrous within. Flowers 6- long. Receptacle globose, ferrugineous-lanate on<br />
7 mm long, sessile. Receptacle cupuliform, fer- exterior, with a thick row ofdeflexed hairs around<br />
rugineous-lanate-pubescent on exterior, the walls faucal annulus within; pedicels ca. 0.5 mm long.<br />
thick, restricting the inner cavity, tomentose Calyx lobes five, triangular, acute, ferrugineouswithin.<br />
Calyx lobes five, triangular, lanate on ex- lanate on exterior, brown-tomentose within. Petterior,<br />
tomentellous within. Petals five, white. als five, white, tomentellous on exterior, glabrous<br />
Stamens ca. 60, inserted in several rows around within. Stamens 35-40, inserted in a complete<br />
a complete circle, the filaments glabrous, ex- circle, the filaments shortly exserted, free to base,<br />
ceeding calyx lobes, free to base, with a dense with a few scattered hairs on lower portion, pliring<br />
of reflexed hairs around base on interior of cate in bud. Ovary pilose. Style pilose almost to<br />
receptacle. Ovary inserted at base of receptacle, apex. Fruit unknown.<br />
small, tomentose. Style longer than filaments, Distribution (Fig. 30). Known only from the<br />
villous for three-fourths of length. Fruit not seen. type gathering collected in flower in July. A high<br />
This species (distribution in Fig. 40), most altitude species, the type from 2550 m.<br />
closely related to the highland Licania cabrerae,<br />
differs in the very much larger and broader leaves, 2-5.3. Licania fasciculata Prance, Acta Amain<br />
the inflorescence borne on woody branches, z6nica 8: 579-581, fig. 2. 1978. Type. Panama.<br />
the much thicker walls of the receptacle with only Colon: Zona de Santa Rita, 31 Aug 1972 (fl),
Systematic Treatment 25<br />
"-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
IVI]'<br />
D.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~?:<br />
o~.:: ... ..<br />
'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,?'<br />
E.?<br />
3<br />
enmI<br />
:<br />
'<br />
.. . .... .<br />
'i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'<br />
!~!"~'!~x ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ....<br />
.i<br />
'~.i[11.'I .ri}~!<br />
i i'i<br />
i<br />
X C.<br />
:<br />
'<br />
FIG. 4. Licania gentryi (Gentry 40355). A, leaf and leaf undersurface, B, inflorescence; C, flower bud; D),<br />
flower; E, petals, left inner surface, right outer surface; F, flower section.<br />
rr
26 Flora Neotropica<br />
Correa A. & Dressier 1815 (holotype, MO;<br />
isotype, NY).<br />
2-5.4. Licania montana Prance, Brittonia 28:212,<br />
fig. 2. 1976. Type. Venezuela. Lara: Vic. La-<br />
guna Negra, Loma de Los Naranjos, 24 Mar<br />
1975 (fl), Steyermark, R. Smith & C. Espinoza<br />
111541 (holotype, NY; isotype, VEN).<br />
Tree to 25 m tall, the young branches sparsely<br />
tomentose soon becoming glabrous and lenti-<br />
cellate. Leaf lamina, narrowly elliptic, charta-<br />
ceous, 6-9.5 x 2-3 cm, subcuneate at base, acu-<br />
minate at apex, the acumen 3-5 mm long,<br />
glabrous above, shortly appressed-tomentellous<br />
beneath; midrib prominulous above, pubescent<br />
Tree 12 m tall, the young branches tomentellous,<br />
becoming glabrous and prominently lenticellate<br />
with age. Leaf lamina oblong to oblong<br />
lanceolate, thickly coriaceous, 9-13.5 x 2.8-4<br />
cm, cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, the acumen<br />
4-7 mm long, abrupt, glabrous above, with<br />
a compact appressed gray-lanate pubescence beneath;<br />
midrib prominulous and tomentellous towards base only, prominent beneath, sparsely<br />
above, prominent beneath; primary veins 15-19 lanate-arachnoid-pubescent; primary veins 15pairs,<br />
prominent beneath, slightly impressed 17 pairs, prominulous on both surfaces; petioles<br />
above; petioles 5-10 mm long, tomentellous, te- 4-5 mm long, terete, tomentellous, eglandular.<br />
rete. Stipules axillary, 3 mm long, persistent, Stipules caducous (not seen). Inflorescences of<br />
membranous, puberulous. Inflorescences of short racemose terminal and subterminal panicles, 8-<br />
fasciculate racemes 1-2.5 cm long with flowers 12 cm long; the rachis and branches ferrugineous<br />
densely clustered, completely obscuring the ra- tomentose. Bracts and bracteoles membranous,<br />
chis. Bracts and bracteoles 4-7 mm long, ovate, caducous, tomentose on exterior, sparsely putomentellous,<br />
subpersistent. Flowers 6-7 mm bescent within. Flowers 4-5 mm long. Receptacle<br />
long. Receptacle cupuliform, tomentose on ex- globose, sessile, ferrugineous-tomentose on exterior,<br />
tomentose within. Calyx lobes five, acute, terior, tomentose within, with a row of deflexed<br />
tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals five, white, hairs around the faucal annulus. Calyx lobes five,<br />
puberulous on exterior. Stamens ca. 60, inserted acute, triangular, ferrugineous-tomentose on exin<br />
complete circle; filaments far exceeding the terior, brown-tomentellous within. Petals five,<br />
calyx lobes, glabrous, united at base, the basal tomentellous on exterior, tomentellous towards<br />
fused portion bent inwards, villous. Ovary in- apex and glabrous towards base on inner surface,<br />
serted at base of receptacle, pilose. Style villous the margins ciliate. Stamens 30-35, inserted<br />
for two-thirds of length. Fruit not seen. around a complete circle, the filaments shortly<br />
Distribution. Figure 38.<br />
exserted, free to base. Ovary lanate. Style lanate-<br />
Additional specimen examined. PANAMA. PANAMA: pilose equalling filaments in length. Fruit un-<br />
El Llano-Carti Rd., 7.5 km N of Panamerican known.<br />
Hwy.,<br />
23 Jan 1977 (fl), Folsom 1435 (NY).<br />
Distribution (Fig. 65). A cloud forest species<br />
collected at 1300-1500 m; still known only from<br />
Licaniafasciculata differs from all other species the<br />
in the<br />
type<br />
section by the<br />
gathering, collected in flower in March.<br />
fasciculate, densely flowered,<br />
racemose inflorescence. It is most closely<br />
related to the species group of L. maritima, L. 2-7. Licania klugii Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monocabrerae,<br />
L. durifolia, L. montana, L. macro- gr. 9: 47. 1972.<br />
carpa, and L. veneralensis, and has the same pu- Additional material of this species, originally<br />
bescence and venation pattern of the leaf under- based on a single collection, shows it to be quite<br />
surface. It differs in the inflorescence and in the distinct.<br />
smaller leaves with fewer primary veins, which<br />
are impressed on the upper surface. Licaniafas-<br />
Additional specimens examined. PERU. LORETO:<br />
ciculata also has a greater number of stamens Maynas, Rio Mom6n, 24 Nov 1977 (y fr), Rimachi Y.<br />
3274 (NY). SAN MARTIN: Quebrada Hicte, Rio Huathan<br />
the other species listed above. It is a most llaga, 26 May 1964 (fl), Schunke V. 6502 (F).<br />
distinct species, not easily confused with any other<br />
in the genus.<br />
2-9. Licania retifolia Blake, Contr. Gray Herb.<br />
52: 66. 1917.<br />
This poorly known species was represented by<br />
the type from Guerrero, Mexico and one other
Systematic Treatment27<br />
collection in Prance (1972). Recent collections panulate, tomentellous on exterior, densely tohave<br />
extended the range to El Salvador. mentose within; pedicels 1-2 mm long, articu-<br />
Distribution. Figure 73.<br />
late. Calyx lobes five, acute, tomentellous on both<br />
surfaces. Petals<br />
Additional specimens examined. MEXICO.<br />
five, white, glabrous. Stamens<br />
GUERRERO: Rinc6n Viejo, 15 Apr 1960 (fl), Kruse 261 30-35, inserted around complete circle, the fil-<br />
(ENCB), 12 Apr 1964 (fl), Kruse 1256 (ENCB). aments exserted. Ovary inserted at base of re-<br />
EL SALVADOR. AHUACHAPAN: Cerro La Piedra del ceptacle, tomentose. Style hirsute on lower half.<br />
Filo, 13?51'N, 89?56'W, 30 Jan 1980 (fl), Witsberger Fruit not seen.<br />
813 (NY).<br />
Habitat. Tropical rain forest.<br />
This can be a large tree.<br />
Additional specimen examined. ECUDAOR. ESME-<br />
Local name. El Salvador: mulo.<br />
RALDAS: Lita, 600 m, 20 May 1987 (fl), Van der Werff,<br />
Dodson & Palacios 9540 (NY, MO).<br />
2-10. Licania longipedicellata Ducke, Bull. Mus.<br />
Hist. Nat. (Paris), s6r. 2, 4: 725. 1932. This species belongs to section Moquilea and<br />
is most closely related to Licania leucosepala,<br />
Distribution. Figure 57.<br />
but differs in the much broader leaves with widely<br />
Additional specimens examined. PERU. AMAZONAS: spaced secondary veins and in the loosely<br />
Rio Santiago, Caterpiza, 17 Sep 1979 (y fr), Huashikat branched inflorescence with articulations at each<br />
662 (MO, NY).<br />
branch quite unlike most species of Licania,<br />
BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: Tabatinga, Sao Leopoldo, 13 which have racemose panicles. L. dodsonii is also<br />
Oct 1976 (fl), Braga et al. 3127 (INPA).<br />
close to L. minuti<strong>flora</strong> but differs in the inflo-<br />
Local name. Peru: yukuku.<br />
rescence, the broader leaves that are subcuneate<br />
rather than rounded at the base, and acuminate<br />
2-13.1. Licania dodsonii Prance, sp. nov. Type. rather than cuspidate at the apex, and in the<br />
Ecuador. Esmeraldas: Mun. de Lita, 19 km N greater number of stamens.<br />
of Lita, road to San Lorenzo, ca. 650 m, 10<br />
May 1987 (fl), Acevedo & Daly 1657 (holotype, 2-14.1. Licania anneae Prance, Brittonia 31: 250,<br />
NY). Fig. 155. fig. 2. 1979. Type. Brazil. Para: Cuiaba-Santarem<br />
Species a L. leucosepala affinis, foliis latiori-<br />
Hwy., km 1305, vie. Igarap6 Jose Preto,<br />
22 Nov 1977<br />
bus, nervis secundariis 8-19 mm distantibus, in-<br />
(fl), Prance et al. 25652 (holoflorescentiis<br />
laxis multiramosis, ramis articulatis<br />
type, MG; isotypes, AAU, NY).<br />
differt.<br />
Tree 7 m tall, the young branches sparsely pu-<br />
Tree 10-15 m tall, the young branches gla- berulous, soon becoming glabrous. Leaf lamina<br />
brous, conspicuously lenticellate. Leaf lamina oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, 14-25 x 4.5-8 cm,<br />
elliptic, chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, 9.5-17 rounded at the base, shortly acuminate or acute<br />
x 5.5-10.5 cm, rounded to subcuneate at base, at the apex (acumen 2-6 mm long), glabrous<br />
abruptly acuminate at apex, the acumen 3-5 mm above, pilose with a few sparse appressed hairs<br />
long, glabrous on both surfaces; midrib plane to beneath, especially on the primary veins; midrib<br />
prominulous above, prominent and appressed glabrous and prominulous above, prominent and<br />
villous pubescent beneath; primary veins 13-15 puberulous beneath; primary veins 18-22 pairs,<br />
pairs, plane to slightly impressed above, prom- slightly impressed above, prominent and puinent<br />
beneath; petioles 5-7 mm long, terete, berulous beneath, arcuate and conspicuously<br />
eglandular, sparsely puberulous, glabrescent. anastomosing ca. 2-3 mm from the margin; pet-<br />
Stipules not seen. Inflorescences of much iole 5-7 mm long, rugulose, slightly canaliculate,<br />
branched panicles, the primary branches with puberulous when young. Stipules caducous (not<br />
short thick secondary branches bearing groups seen). Inflorescences of terminal and axillary raof<br />
2-3 flowers, the branches with articulations at cemose panicles, the rachis and branches light<br />
junctions, the rachis and branches appressed to- brown-tomentellous. Bracts 5-18 mm long, obmentellous.<br />
Bracts and bracteoles minute, tri- long to lanceolate, membranous, persistent, toangular,<br />
puberulous, caducous while in early bud. mentellous on the exterior, sparsely puberulous<br />
Flowers 5-6 mm long. Receptacle broadly cam- within; bracteoles ovate, persistent, membra-
28 Flora Neotropica<br />
nous, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs and<br />
ciliate margins. Flowers 3-3.5 mm long, inserted<br />
on primary branches of the inflorescence. Receptacle<br />
cupuliform, extremely regular and round<br />
at the apex, short brown-tomentellous on exterior,<br />
tomentellous within. Calyx lobes five, acute,<br />
triangular, small, tomentellous on both surfaces,<br />
but more sparsely on the inner surface. Petals<br />
five, oblong, white, glabrous with ciliate margins,<br />
caducous. Stamens 12-14, inserted around a<br />
complete circle, filaments slightly exceeding the<br />
calyx lobes, glabrous, connate at base forming a<br />
ring 1 mm tall that is hirsute on both surfaces.<br />
Ovary inserted at the base of the receptacle, tomentose-pilose.<br />
Style lanate almost to the apex.<br />
Fruit not seen.<br />
Distribution. Figure 23.<br />
Habitat. Disturbed forest beside road on marginally<br />
flooded and non-flooded areas.<br />
This species belongs to subgenus Moquilea section<br />
Moquilea, and is quite distinct within the<br />
section. It is closest to Licania angustata, a species<br />
of western Amazonia, but differs in the much<br />
larger leaves, the shorter petioles, the higher<br />
number of primary veins, the larger bracts, the<br />
fewer stamens, and the distinctive appressed pubescence<br />
of the lower leaf surface.<br />
2-16. Licania gonzalezii Miranda, Bol. Soc. Bot.<br />
Mexico 29: 36. 1965.<br />
This poorly known but distinct species was<br />
described from two collections from the States<br />
of Nayarit and Jalisco. A collection from Guer-<br />
rero has now been added.<br />
Distribution. Figure 42.<br />
Additional specimen examined. MEXICO. GUERRERO:<br />
Rincon Viejo, 700 m, 2 Apr 1961 (fl), Kruse 625<br />
(ENCB).<br />
The field notes state that the flowers are white<br />
and very aromatic and are "pollinated" by Lep-<br />
idoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera.<br />
2-18.1. Licania chiriquiensis Prance, Brittonia<br />
29: 154, fig. 1. 1977. Type. Panama. Chiriqui:<br />
Cerro Colorado, 50 km N of San Felix, cloud<br />
forest, 1200-1500 m, 17 Aug 1975 (fl), Mori<br />
& Dressier 7778 (holotype, NY; isotype, MO).<br />
Tree to 12 m tall, the young branches sparsely<br />
puberulous, soon becoming glabrous and con-<br />
spicuously lenticellate. Leaf lamina oblong-el-<br />
liptic, subcoriaceous, 5-8.5 x 2.8-3.8 cm, sub-<br />
cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, the acumen<br />
5-6 mm long, glabrous, midrib prominulous<br />
above, prominent beneath; primary veins 8-11<br />
pairs, prominulous above, prominent beneath;<br />
petioles 5-7 mm long, glabrous, terete, eglan-<br />
dular, with very distinct articulation at junction<br />
with branch. Stipules caducous (not seen). Inflo-<br />
rescences (not fully developed in specimen ex-<br />
amined) of terminal and axillary panicles, the<br />
rachis and branches yellow-brown tomentellous.<br />
Bracts and bracteoles triangular, caducous, puberulous<br />
on exterior. Flowers 3-3.5 mm long. Receptacle<br />
broadly campanulate, tomentellous on<br />
exterior, hirsute within; pedicels ca. 0.5 mm long.<br />
Calyx lobes five, acute, tomentellous on exterior,<br />
puberulous within. Petals five, glabrous with ciliate<br />
margin. Stamens 13-15, inserted around a<br />
complete circle; filaments slightly exserted, free<br />
to base. Ovary inserted at base of receptacle, glabrous<br />
or sparsely hispid. Style sparsely hirsute.<br />
Fruit not seen.<br />
Distribution. Figure 33.<br />
Habitat. Cloud forest over 1200 m.<br />
Additional specimen examined. PANAMA. PANAMA:<br />
Cerro Jefe, 30 Sep 1978 (fl), Hammel 4823 (MO, NY).<br />
Licania chiriquiensis belongs to subgenus Moquilea<br />
section Moquilea and is most closely related<br />
to L. minuti<strong>flora</strong>, a species of the Guianas<br />
and Amazonia. It differs in the smaller, less<br />
branched inflorescence with much larger flowers,<br />
the smaller leaves with longer petioles, the almost<br />
glabrous ovary and in the more tapered,<br />
less caudate leaf apex.<br />
2-18.2. Licania kallunkiae Prance, Acta Ama-<br />
z6nica 8: 583, fig. 4. 1978. Type. Panama. Co-<br />
16n: Santa Rita Rd., 17 km from Boyd-Roo-<br />
sevelt Hwy., 450 m, 14 Mar 1975 (fl), Mori &<br />
Kallunki 5052 (holotype, NY; isotype, MO).<br />
Tree 14 m tall, the young branches very sparsely<br />
puberulous, soon becoming glabrous, not conspicuously<br />
lenticellate. Leaf lamina oblong, coriaceous,<br />
5.5-10.5 x 2.2-4.0 cm, subcuneate at<br />
base, cuspidate at apex, acumen 6-10 mm long,<br />
glabrous on both surfaces; midrib plane above,<br />
prominent beneath, glabrous; primary veins 9-<br />
12 pairs, almost plane and inconspicuous on both
Systematic Treatment29<br />
surfaces, glabrous; petioles 6-7 mm long, glabrous,<br />
canaliculate, eglandular. Stipules small,<br />
lanceolate, puberulous, caducous. Inflorescences<br />
terminal and axillary panicles 5-11 cm long,<br />
3-branched, the rachis and branches sparsely gray-<br />
1971 (fl), Contreras 10742 (holotype, LL; iso-<br />
type, US).<br />
Tree ca. 30 m, the young branches glabrous.<br />
Leaf lamina elliptic, 10-21 x 5.5-9.5 cm, the<br />
base rounded to<br />
puberulous. Bracts and bracteoles caducous<br />
subcuneate, the apex with a short<br />
(not<br />
acumen 4-7 mm<br />
seen). Flowers 2.5-3 mm long, borne in 2-3-flow-<br />
long, glabrous on both surfaces;<br />
ered cymules attached to primary branches primary veins 8-10 pairs, prominulous on both<br />
by<br />
short secondary branches or surfaces, secondary venation prominulous and<br />
peduncles. Receptacle<br />
campanulate, gray-puberulous on conspicuously reticulate on both surfaces; midrib<br />
exterior,<br />
tomentose within; pedicels ca. 1 mm prominulous and flattened on both surfaces, glalong,graypuberulous.<br />
Calyx lobes<br />
brous; petioles 3-5 mm long, slightly canalicufive,<br />
acute, gray-puberulous<br />
on both surfaces. Petals five, white. late, glabrous. Stipules small, triangular, axillary.<br />
Stamens 11-12, inserted in a Inflorescences terminal panicles to 13 cm long,<br />
complete circle;<br />
the flowers borne in small<br />
filaments exceeding calyx lobes, free to base.<br />
groups on short sec-<br />
Ovary inserted at base of receptacle, almost ondary branches, the rachis puberulous, soon<br />
glabrous<br />
with only a few hairs. Style lanate on lower glabrescent, the branches gray-tomentellous.<br />
Bracts and bracteoles<br />
portion, equalling filaments in length. Fruit not<br />
small, ovate, tomentellous,<br />
seen.<br />
persistent. Flowers ca. 2.5 mm long. Receptacle<br />
campanulate, tomentellous on exterior. Calyx<br />
Distribution (Fig. 51). Known from only one<br />
lobes small, to 1 mm long, triangular, tomentelcollection<br />
from Costa Rica and one from Panlous<br />
on exterior, puberulous within. Petals white,<br />
ama.<br />
tomentellous on exterior, sticking together and<br />
Habitat. Wet forest.<br />
dehiscing in a calyptra-like mass, 1.2 mm long.<br />
Additional specimen examined. COSTA RICA. Stamens 13-15, inserted in a complete circle;<br />
LIMON: Hone Creek, 8 km S of Cahuita, 30 m, 17 Jul filaments far exceeding calyx lobes, free to base,<br />
1976 (fl), J. & K. Utley 5488 (MO).<br />
glabrous. Ovary inserted at base of receptacle,<br />
Licania kallunkiae belongs to subgenus Mo- tomentose on exterior. Style glabrous. Fruit not<br />
quilea section Moquilea. It is most closely related seen.<br />
to L. minuti<strong>flora</strong> from the Guianas and Northern Distribution (Fig. 43). Known only from the<br />
Amazonia, but it differs in the inflorescence with type gathering from high forest. Flowering in May.<br />
the flowers borne in small groups on short ter- Licania guatemalensis belongs to subgenus<br />
tiary inflorescence branches, in the smaller leaves Moquilea section Moquilea, but is not easily conwith<br />
a more cuspidate acumen, and in the fewer fused with any other species in the section. The<br />
stamens. Licania kallunkiae has only 11-12 sta- leaves appear quite different from other species<br />
mens, fewer than any other species of the section,<br />
in the section in their venation and flattened<br />
but its exserted stamens and presence of petals,<br />
midrib with short, thick petiole. It is probably<br />
as well as its similarity to L. minuti<strong>flora</strong>, all place<br />
closest to L. kallunkiae from Panama, but differs<br />
it in section Moquilea. It differs from another in the much longer leaves with abrupt acumen,<br />
related and recently described species from Pan- the shorter, thicker petioles, the smaller petals,<br />
ama in the same section, L. chiriquiensis, in the and the glabrous style.<br />
smaller flowers with a gray-puberulous not yellow-tomentellous<br />
indumentum, the spreading,<br />
2-21.1. Licania cecidiophora Prance, Biotropica<br />
much longer inflorescences, and the thinner,<br />
10: 85, fig. 2A-E. 1978. Type. Peru. Amazochartaceous<br />
leaves with a more cuspidate atten- nas: East of military post Chavez Valdivia, 2-<br />
uate 12<br />
apex.<br />
Feb 1974 (fl bud), Ancuash 752 (holotype,<br />
NY; isotypes, F, MO).<br />
2-18.3. Licania guatemalensis Lundell, Wrightia Large tree to 30 m tall, the young branches<br />
5: 39. 1974; Prance, Acta Amaz6nica 8: 583.<br />
puberulous, becoming glabrous with age. Leaf<br />
1978. Type. Guatemala. Izabal: Between Seja lamina oblong, coriaceous, 9-12 x 3-5 cm,<br />
and Fronteras on Peten-Guatemala Rd., 6 May rounded at base and slightly decurrent into the
30 Flora Neotropica<br />
petiole, acuminate at apex, the acumen 5-8 mm<br />
long, glabrous and shining above, with a caducous<br />
lanate pubescence beneath, becoming<br />
glabrous with age; midrib prominent on both<br />
surfaces; primary veins 14-19 pairs, prominulous<br />
above, prominent beneath; petioles 16-22<br />
mm long, canaliculate, slightly winged on upper<br />
portion, tomentellous when young, eglandular.<br />
trada Belmonte, 12 Sep 1975 (fr), Cordeiro 755 (INPA),<br />
12 Sep 1975 (fl), Mota & Coelho 86 (INPA).<br />
2-23. Licania longipetala Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 62. 1972.<br />
Fruit narrowly ellipsoid, 6-7 x 1-1.5 cm; exocarp<br />
smooth and glabrous; mesocarp thin and<br />
fleshy; endocarp thin, hard and bony, sparsely<br />
Stipules interpetiolar, small, triangular. Inflorespuberulous<br />
within.<br />
cences of racemose panicles (only young ones Distribution. Figure 57.<br />
seen), the rachis and branches ferrugineous-tomentose.<br />
Bracts and bracteoles triangular, pu- Additional specimens examined. PERU. LORETO: Rio<br />
berulous on exterior, with ciliate margins. Flow- Nanay, Quebrada de Mapa Cocha, 23 Feb 1977 (fr),<br />
Rimachi Y. 2838<br />
ers buds only seen.<br />
(NY); Rio Amazonas, Quebrada de<br />
Receptacle campanulate, Yanayacu, 3 Mar 1977 (fr), Rimachi Y. 2866 (NY).<br />
brown-tomentose on exterior, lanate-hirsute BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: Tefe, Vila Nogueira, 17 Oct<br />
within. Calyx lobes five, acute, tomentose on ex- 1975 (fl), D. Coelho & Damiao s.n. (INPA 53295).<br />
terior. Petals five, puberulous on exterior, with PARA: Rio Itacaiunas, Serra Buritirana, 7 Oct 1970 (fl),<br />
Pires & Belem 12676<br />
ciliate margin. Stamens ca. 14, inserted around<br />
(IAN, NY). RONDONIA: Rio Machado,<br />
20 Oct 1978 (fr), Goulding 29 (INPA).<br />
a complete circle; filaments free (short and included<br />
in buds). Ovary inserted at base of recep- The fruits of this species are eaten by fish<br />
tacle, sparsely lanate-pubescent. Style glabrous. (Goulding, 1980).<br />
Fruit not seen.<br />
Distribution. Figure 30.<br />
2-23.1. Licania tachirensis Prance, sp. nov. Type.<br />
Venezuela. Tachira: Rio San Buena, 10 km W<br />
Additional specimens examined. PERU. AMAZONAS:<br />
of La<br />
N of Cenepa, above Chinkan Entse Creek, 26 Feb 1973 Fundacion, 7?47'N, 71?46'W, 13-15 Mar<br />
(st), Berlin 902 (MO, NY), Mar 1973 (st), Berlin 976 1980 (fl bud), R. Liesner et al. 9606 (holotype,<br />
(MO, NY); N of Cenepa along Chinkan Entse Creek, NY; isotypes, MO, VEN). Fig. 5.<br />
25 Jul 1974 (st), Berlin 1799 (MO, NY).<br />
L. sectio Moquilea ab omnibus speciebus in-<br />
Local name. Aguaruna, Jivaro: duship. florescentiis terminalibus, paniculatis e cymulis<br />
Uses. The small round galls which form on the pluribus 2-4-floris breviter pedunculatis conleaf<br />
undersurface are used by the Aguaruana In- structis differt. Petiolus 12-16 mm longus, cadians<br />
as beads for their ceremonial capes (see naliculatus.<br />
Berlin & Prance, 1978).<br />
Tree 8 m tall, the young branches glabrous.<br />
This species belongs either to Licania subge- Leaf lamina oblong, coriaceous, 18-21 x 6.5-8<br />
nus Moquilea section Moquilea or section Mi- cm, rounded at base, abruptly acuminate at apex,<br />
crodesmia. Open flowers where the stamen length the acumen ca. 5 mm long, glabrous on both<br />
is apparent are needed to determine to which of surfaces; midrib prominulous above, prominent<br />
these two sections it belongs. Licania cecidi- and glabrous beneath; primary veins 13-16 pairs,<br />
ophora is most distinct, and easily recognized by prominulous above, prominent beneath; petioles<br />
the long petioles with slightly swollen base and 12-16 mm long, glabrous, rugulose, weakly canby<br />
the lamina decurrent into its upper portion. aliculate. Stipules not seen. Inflorescences of terminal<br />
and subterminal much branched panicles,<br />
2-22. Licania unguiculata Prance, Fl. Neotrop. the flowers in small cymules on short tertiary<br />
Monogr. 9: 60. 1972.<br />
branches, the rachis and branches puberulous.<br />
Distribution. Figure 83.<br />
Bracts and bracteoles triangular, membranous,<br />
caducous. Receptacle campanulate, tomentel-<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. lous on exterior, tomentose within, sessile. Calyx<br />
AMAZONAS: Manaus-Caracarai Rd., km 57, 13 Sep 1976 lobes<br />
(fl), Mota 594 (INPA), km 159,20 Sep 1974<br />
five, acute, tomentellous on exterior. Petals<br />
(fl), Prance<br />
et al. 22721 (INPA, NY), km 27, 19 Mar 1970 (fr),<br />
five, glabrous. Stamens 12-15, inserted in a com-<br />
Rodrigues 8770 (INPA); Rio Curicuriari, 3 Nov 1971 plete circle (seen only in bud). Ovary inserted at<br />
(fl), Prance et al. 16055 (INPA, NY). RONDONIA: Es- base of receptacle, pilose. Fruit not seen.
Systematic Treatment<br />
B.<br />
young buds); D, petal.<br />
31
32<br />
Distribution. Figure 81.<br />
Habitat. Primary forested area on sandy soil,<br />
700-1000 m.<br />
This species is known also from specimens in<br />
bud. It is quite distinct from any other congener.<br />
It belongs to section Moquilea, but differs from<br />
all other species in the large inflorescence with<br />
the flowers borne in small cymules. The large<br />
leaves with long canaliculate petioles distinguish<br />
it from most species.<br />
Subgenus Moquilea Section Leptobalanus<br />
2-27.1. Licania granvillei Prance, Proc. Kon.<br />
Ned. Akad. Wetensch. Ser. C. 89: 114-116.<br />
1986. Type. French Guiana. Saul, Monts La<br />
Fumee, 3?37'N, 53012'W, 200-400 m, 21 Aug<br />
1982 (fl), Mori & Boom 14764 (holotype, NY;<br />
isotype, CAY).<br />
Tree to 30 m tall, the young branches sparsely<br />
puberulous, soon becoming glabrous. Leaf lam-<br />
ina oblong, thickly coriaceous, 6-13 x 2.3-6 cm,<br />
cuneate to subcuneate at base, finely acuminate<br />
at apex, the acumen 10-25 mm long, glabrous<br />
on both surfaces, without stomatal cavities; mid-<br />
rib prominent on both surfaces, glabrous; pri-<br />
mary veins 12-16 pairs, prominulous on both<br />
surfaces, glabrous; petioles 5-8 mm long, can-<br />
aliculate above, glabrous, eglandular, rugulose.<br />
Stipules caducous (not seen). Inflorescences of<br />
racemose panicles 6-12 cm long, the rachis and<br />
branches sparsely appressed pubescent, appear-<br />
ing dark because pubescence does not form a<br />
complete covering. Bracts and bracteoles mi-<br />
nute, 0.25 mm long, membranous. Flowers 2-3<br />
mm long, sessile along primary branches of in-<br />
florescence. Receptacle campanulate, sparsely<br />
puberulous to glabrous on exterior, densely to-<br />
mentose within, sessile. Calyx lobes five, acute,<br />
puberulous on both surfaces, with tomentellous<br />
margins. Petals absent. Stamens 12, inserted<br />
around complete circle, the filaments exserted<br />
beyond calyx lobes, glabrous, but densely to-<br />
mentose around base, free to base. Ovary in-<br />
serted at base of receptacle, sparsely lanate. Style<br />
exserted, sparsely tomentose for half of length.<br />
Fruit globose to ellipsoid, 5.5 cm long x 3.5-4<br />
cm broad, glabrous and lenticellate on exterior;<br />
mesocarp fleshy, 3-4 mm thick; endocarp hard,<br />
bony, 1 mm thick, glabrous within.<br />
Flora Neotropica<br />
Distribution (Fig. 42). Upland forest on terra<br />
firme in hills from Colombia to French Guiana.<br />
Specimens examined. COLOMBIA. AMAZONAS: Rio<br />
Apaporis, Raudal Yayacopi, 0?5'S, 70?30'W, 800', 18<br />
Feb 1982 (fr), Schultes & Cabrera 15456 (NY); Jinogoje,<br />
700', 27 Feb 1982 (fr), Schultes & Cabrera 15660<br />
(NY).<br />
VENEZUELA. AMAZONAS: Trail south from Cerro<br />
Neblina base camp on Rio Mawarinuma from clear<br />
water stream to top of first small hills, 0?50'N, 66? 1 'W,<br />
3 May 1984 (fl, fr), Gentry & Stein 47121 (NY).<br />
FRENCH GUIANA. Saul, Monts La Fum6e, 200-<br />
400 m, 26 Aug 1982 (fl), Mori & Boom 14772 (CAY,<br />
NY), 28 Aug 1982 (fl), Mori & Boom 14790 (CAY,<br />
NY), 1 Sep 1982 (fl), Mori & Boom 14828 (CAY, NY),<br />
28 Mar 1983 (fr), Mori & Pipoly 15428 (CAY, NY), 1<br />
Apr 1983 (fr), Mori & Pipoly 15476 (CAY, NY), 16<br />
Apr 1983 (fr), Mori & Pipoly 15523 (CAY, NY).<br />
BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: Serra da Neblina, between Palmito<br />
and Tatu Camp, 400-600 m, 21 Dec 1965 (fr),<br />
Silva & Brazao 60697 (NY).<br />
This species is close to Licania apetala, es-<br />
pecially to its var. aperta, but differs in the larger<br />
flowers, the larger, thicker leaves with a much<br />
more attenuate apex, and the minute bracteoles.<br />
The Brazilian and Colombian material in fruit<br />
was kept aside as a possible new species at the<br />
time of my monograph (Prance, 1972), and it is<br />
now possible to describe it with the new material<br />
from French Guiana. This species is known in<br />
both localities from the hill slopes of mountains.<br />
It is named for J-J. de Granville who has done<br />
much to interpret the <strong>flora</strong> of French Guiana.<br />
2-31.1. Licania jefensis Prance, Brittonia 28:<br />
215-216, fig. 5.1976. Type. Panama. Panama:<br />
Summit of Cerro Jefe, 2 Apr 1969 (fl), Dwyer<br />
et al. 5047 (holotype, NY; isotype, MO).<br />
Shrub to 2 m tall, the young branches tomentose,<br />
soon becoming glabrous. Leaf lamina elliptic,<br />
coriaceous, 3-6 x 1.8-3.5 cm, rounded at<br />
base, acute to acuminate at apex, the acumen 3-<br />
5 mm long, glabrous on both surfaces when mature,<br />
when young with a lanate, caducous indumentum<br />
which is more persistent beneath, with<br />
scattered glands on lower surface, without stomatal<br />
cavities, midrib prominent on both surfaces;<br />
primary veins 8-11 pairs, prominulous<br />
above, prominent beneath; secondary venation<br />
conspicuously prominulous and reticulate on both<br />
surfaces; petioles 2.5-4 mm long, tomentose,<br />
eglandular, rugulose, slightly canaliculate. Stip-
Systematic Treatment 33<br />
ules small, axillary, caducous. Inflorescences of<br />
terminal and subterminal racemose panicles, 6-<br />
11 cm long, the rachis and branches yellowbrown-tomentose.<br />
Bracts and bracteoles ca. 0.5<br />
mm long, tomentose on exterior, persistent.<br />
Flowers ca. 2 mm long. Receptacle campanulate,<br />
sessile, tomentose on exterior, pilose within. Calyx<br />
lobes five, tomentose on exterior, puberulous<br />
within. Petals absent. Stamens ca. 13, inserted<br />
around complete circle; filaments far exserted,<br />
free to base. Ovary pilose. Style glabrous, equalling<br />
filaments in length. Fruit globose, ca. 25 cm<br />
in diam. epicarp smooth and glabrous; mesocarp<br />
thin and fleshy; endocarp hard, bony, thin.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 50). Known only from the<br />
cloud forests of Panama, flowering in March and<br />
April.<br />
Ovary pilose. Style glabrous except around base,<br />
equalling filaments in length. Fruit unknown.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 65). Known only from the<br />
type gathering from moist forest at 350 m, col-<br />
lected in flower in February.<br />
2-32. Licania sparsipilis Blake, Contr. Gray<br />
Herb. 52: 67. 1917.<br />
Distribution. Figure 79.<br />
Additional specimens examined. MEXICO. OAXACA:<br />
30 km S ofrd. Palomares to Uxpanapa, between arroyo<br />
Humaca and Rio Verde, 300 m, 20 Apr 1985 (fl), W.<br />
Thomas et al. 3575 (NY).<br />
EL SALVADOR. AHUACHAPAN: Rio El Venado, Finca<br />
San Benito, 6 Mar 1979 (y fr), Castro s.n. (NY).<br />
PANAMA. COLON: Santa Rita Ridge, 2 Mar 1975<br />
(fl), Mori & Kallunki 4914 (MO, NY).<br />
Additional specimens examined. PANAMA. PANAMA: 2-32.1. Licania cuatrecasasii Prance, Acta Ama-<br />
9.4 km N of Goofy Lake, 900 m, 11 Mar 1977 (fl), zonica 8: 577. 1978. Type. Colombia. Valle:<br />
Folsom et al. 1996 (MO, NY); Cerro Jefe, 1000 m, 11<br />
Alto<br />
Jun 1975 (y fr), Mori 6532 (NY), 29 Aug 1975 Yunda, Rio Anchicaya, 1000 m, Oct 1972<br />
(fr),<br />
Mori 7990 (MO, NY).<br />
(fl), Hilty 0-1 (holotype, US; isotype, NY).<br />
Tree to 30 m tall, the young branches puber-<br />
2-31.2. Licania morii Prance, Brittonia 28: 215,<br />
ulous, soon glabrate. Leaf lamina elliptic, corifig.<br />
4.1976. Type. Panama. Panama: El Llano- aceous, 8-12.5 x 3.5-8 cm, subcuneate at base,<br />
Carti Rd., 12 km from Inter American Hwy.,<br />
cuspidate at apex, the acumen 10-15 mm long,<br />
15 Feb 1975 (fl), Mori & Kallunki 4665 (hoslightly<br />
curved, glabrous above, with a compact<br />
brown-lanate<br />
lotype, NY; isotype, MO).<br />
pubescence beneath, without stomatal<br />
cavities; primary veins 10-12 pairs, prom-<br />
Tree to 15 m tall, the young branches tomen- inent beneath, prominulous above; midrib<br />
tellous, soon becoming glabrous. Leaf lamina prominent on both surfaces; petioles 8-11 mm<br />
elliptic, coriaceous, 7-11 x 2.7-5.5 cm, subcor- long, tomentellous when young, terete or slightly<br />
date at base, acuminate at apex, the acumen 8- canaliculate, eglandular, transversely rugulose.<br />
12 mm long, glabrous and shiny above, with a Stipules caducous (not seen). Inflorescences of<br />
short glaucous appressed pubescence beneath and racemose panicles usually once-branched, ocwith<br />
conspicuous palisade glands, without sto- casionally with secondary branches up to 10 cm<br />
matal cavities; midrib prominulous above, long, the rachis and branches brown-tomentelprominent<br />
beneath; primary veins 7-9 pairs, lous. Bracts and bracteoles ovate, ca. 1 mm long,<br />
prominulous above, prominent beneath; petioles persistent, tomentellous on exterior, entire,<br />
3-6 mm long, sparsely tomentellous, weakly can- eglandular. Flowers ca. 2.5 mm long, sessile on<br />
aliculate. Stipules caducous, not seen. Inflores- primary and secondary branches of inflorescences<br />
of terminal or subterminal racemose pan- cence. Receptacle broadly campanulate, tomenicles,<br />
7-12 cm long, the rachis and branches tose on exterior, pilose within. Calyx lobes five,<br />
sericeous-tomentellous. Bracts and bracteoles acute, tomentellous on exterior, puberulous<br />
triangular, eglandular, ca. 1 mm long, caducous. within. Petals absent. Stamens 10-12, inserted<br />
Flowers ca. 2 mm long. Receptacle campanulate, in a complete circle; filaments far exceeding calyx<br />
sessile or with short pedicel to 1.5 mm long, lobes, free to base, glabrous. Ovary inserted at<br />
tomentose on exterior, pilose within. Calyx lobes base of receptacle, villous around base, but glafive,<br />
acute, tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals brous above. Style glabrous, equalling filaments<br />
absent. Stamens ca. 13, inserted around com- in length. Fruit not seen (25-30 mm long acplete<br />
circle, the filaments far-exserted, free to base. cording to field notes).
34 Flora Neotropica<br />
Distribution (Fig. 34). Known only from up- Licania mexicana was described from poor<br />
land forest of El Valle, Colombia.<br />
material with only old flowers present, making<br />
it difficult to relate to other<br />
Additional specimen examined. COLOMBIA. VALLE:<br />
species. It belongs to<br />
Bajo Calima, 15 km N of Buenaventura, 18 Feb 1983 subgenus Moquilea, either section Moquilea or<br />
(fl), Gentry & Juncosa 40467 (MO, NY).<br />
section Leptobalanus, depending on the presence<br />
or absence of<br />
This species from the<br />
petals, which cannot be observed<br />
highlands of Valle comes<br />
in the old flowers. It<br />
from an area in need of<br />
probably<br />
further<br />
belongs to section<br />
exploration. It is<br />
Leptobalanus and seems to be most<br />
most closely related to Licania<br />
closely reapetala<br />
and L.<br />
lated to the Central American<br />
sparsipilis, but differs from both in the<br />
species L. spardense<br />
sipilis. It differs in the short inflorescence branchbrown-lanate<br />
pubescence of the leaf undersurface,<br />
which is set in<br />
es, the less acuminate leaves with shorter<br />
the<br />
petioles,<br />
deeply reticulate secand<br />
the<br />
ondary and tertiary venation, as well as in<br />
greater number of stamens.<br />
the<br />
leaf's long cuspidate acumen, the larger petioles<br />
without the two glands ofL. sparsipilis, the brown- 2-33.1. Licania joseramosii Prance, Acta Amatomentellous<br />
pubescence of the inflorescences, z6nica 8: 581, fig. 3. 1978. Type. Brazil. Amaand<br />
the very small, broadly campanulate recep- zonas: Manaus-Caracarai Rd., km 130, 6 Jan<br />
tacle.<br />
1976 (fl), Monteiro & Ramos 29 (holotype,<br />
INPA 54340; isotype, NY).<br />
2-32.2. Licania mexicana Lundell, Wrightia 5:<br />
40. 1974; Prance, Acta Amazonica 8: 585.<br />
1978. Type. Mexico. Sinaloa: Between Rancho<br />
Del Pinio and Chele, 22 May 1943 (fl), Lundell<br />
13023 (holotype, LL; isotype, MICH).<br />
Tree 10 m tall, the young branches lanate to<br />
puberulous and soon glabrous. Leaf lamina nar-<br />
rowly oblong to lanceolate, coriaceous, 6.5-13 x<br />
2.5-4 cm, cuneate at base, gradually attenuate to<br />
acute apex, glabrous above, with a caducous lan-<br />
ate pubescence beneath when young, stomatal<br />
cavities absent; midrib prominulous above,<br />
prominent beneath; primary veins 6-8 pairs,<br />
prominulous on both surfaces, secondary vena-<br />
tion prominulous and conspicuously reticulate<br />
on both surfaces; petioles 1.5-3.5 mm long, ru-<br />
gose, terete, lanate when very young, soon be-<br />
coming glabrous. Stipules axillary, triangular,<br />
persistent, 2 mm long, lanate when young. In-<br />
florescence of terminal panicles 2-3.5 cm long,<br />
with short primary branches (only 2 old inflo-<br />
rescences seen) gray-brown, the rachis and<br />
branches tomentellous. Bracts and bracteoles<br />
small, ca. 1 mm long, persistent, tomentellous,<br />
ovate-triangular. Receptacle campanulate, to-<br />
mentellous on exterior, pilose within. Calyx lobes<br />
triangular, 1 mm long, acute, reflexed, tomen-<br />
tellous. Petals? (old flowers only present). Sta-<br />
mens 14-15, inserted around complete circle,<br />
exserted beyond calyx lobes; filaments glabrous,<br />
inserted at base of receptacle. Style glabrous. Fruit<br />
not seen.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 60). This species is known<br />
only from the type.<br />
Small tree 5 m tall, the young branches glabrous.<br />
Leaf lamina oblong to oblong-lanceolate,<br />
coriaceous, 13-20 x 4-6.5 cm, cuneate at base,<br />
finely acuminate at apex, the acumen 15-20 mm<br />
long, glabrous on both surfaces, without stomatal<br />
cavities; primary veins 9-14 pairs, prominulous<br />
on both surfaces; midrib prominent on both surfaces;<br />
petioles 4-5 mm long, rugulose tomentellous<br />
when young, terete, with two glands near<br />
junction with lamina. Stipules linear, ca. 6 mm<br />
long, hispidulous, caducous. Inflorescences of<br />
panicles with long thick central rachis and short,<br />
thin, lateral branches bearing 1-3 flowers, the<br />
rachis and branches tomentellous. Bracts and<br />
bracteoles lanceolate, subpersistent, tomentellous<br />
on exterior, glabrous within, entire, with<br />
long, thin acumen, eglandular. Flowers ca. 5 mm<br />
long. Receptacle campanulate, gray-tomentose<br />
on exterior, tomentose within. Calyx lobes five,<br />
acute, tomentose on exterior. Petals absent. Stamens<br />
ca. 19, inserted around complete circle;<br />
filaments slightly exceeding calyx lobes, free almost<br />
to base, glabrous except for pilose annular<br />
ring. Ovary inserted at base of receptacle, lanate.<br />
Style glabrous, equalling filaments in length. Fruit<br />
not seen.<br />
Licania joseramosii (distribution in Fig. 51),<br />
is a most distinct species that cannot be easily<br />
confused with any other in the genus. It is related<br />
to L. emarginata and L. calvescens but differs in<br />
a large number of characters such as the much<br />
longer leaves, the larger flowers, and the distinctive<br />
inflorescence. It differs from L. emarginata<br />
in the greater number of stamens, and from L.
Systematic Treatment 35<br />
calvescens in the flowers borne in small groups<br />
on secondary inflorescence branches and in the<br />
glabrous leaves. Superficially L. joseramosii also<br />
resembles L. longipedicellata in subgenus Moquilea<br />
section Moquilea but differs in the smaller,<br />
thicker leaves, the much less branched inflorescence,<br />
the smaller flowers, and the absence of<br />
petals.<br />
2-34. Licania calvescens Cuatrecasas, Fieldiana,<br />
Bot. 27: 64. 1950.<br />
This distinct species was known only from the<br />
type from El Valle in Prance (1972). Since then<br />
I have seen two further sterile inventory collections<br />
that may be referred to this Pacific coastal<br />
forest species (Fig. 30).<br />
2-39. Licania longistyla (Hooker f.) Fritsch, Ann.<br />
K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 4: 56. 1889.<br />
This species, common in Venezuela, the<br />
Guianas, and western and central Amazonia, has<br />
recently been collected in Panama; yet another<br />
Panama-Amazon disjunct. See Figure 58.<br />
Additional specimen examined. PANAMA. SAN BLAS:<br />
El Llano-Carti Rd., 9?19'N, 78?55'W, 300 m, 8 Jan<br />
1985 (fl), de Nevers et al. 4446 (MO, NY).<br />
2-43. Licania octandra (Hoffmannsegg ex Roemer<br />
& Schultes) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 217.<br />
1891. Fig. 68.<br />
A new subspecies was described in Prance<br />
(1974a). The three subspecies may be distin-<br />
guished by the following key.<br />
1. Leaves 3-12 x 2-4 cm, the apex obtuse to acu-<br />
minate, the acumen 1-13 mm long.<br />
2. Leaves broadly ovate to oblong, obtuse to<br />
bluntly acuminate, the acumen 1-5 mm long;<br />
upper surface of leaf drying brown; young in-<br />
florescence with sparse gray-brown tomen-<br />
tum. a. subsp. octandra.<br />
2. Leaves oblong-lanceolate with a well-devel-<br />
oped finely pointed acumen 5-13 mm long;<br />
upper surface of leaf drying gray or green;<br />
young inflorescence usually with a rufous-<br />
brown arachnoid indumentum.<br />
b. subsp. pallida.<br />
1. Leaves 14-29 x 4.5-7 cm, long-acuminate at<br />
apex, the acumen 12-28 mm long.<br />
c. subsp. grandifolia.<br />
2-43c. L. octandra subsp. grandifolia Prance,<br />
Acta Amazonica 4(1): 18. 1974. Type. Brazil.<br />
Amazonas: Rio Javari, behind Estirao de<br />
Equador, 9 Aug 1973 (fl), Lleras et al. P17270<br />
(holotype, INPA; isotype, NY).<br />
Additional specimens examined. COLOMBIA.<br />
CHoc6: Trail Tubad6 to Quibd6-Tutunendo Rd., 17 Specimens examined. COLOMBIA. AMAZONAS: Rio<br />
Jan 1979 (st), Gentry & Renteria A. 24331 (MO, NY). Loreto-Yacu (st), Glenboski 206 (NY). PERU. LORETO:<br />
VALLE: Bajo Calima, N of Buenaventura, lower Rio Rio Tacha, Curaray, 18 Sep 1972 (fl), Croat 20372<br />
San Juan, 8 Dec 1981 (st), Gentry 35478 (MO, NY). (AAU, MO, NY); Maynas, Mishana, Rio Nanay halfway<br />
between Iquitos and Santa Maria de Nanay, 31<br />
2-38. Licania albi<strong>flora</strong> Fanshawe & Maguire, May 1978 (st), Gentry et al. 22387 (NY); Maynas, Dtto.<br />
Fernando<br />
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 318. 1948.<br />
Lores, Quebrada Tamshiyacu, 10 Jan 1977<br />
(fr), McDaniel & Rimachi 21133 (NY); Maynas, Iqui-<br />
This species was known from two collections tos, Carretera de Pefia Negra, 10 Feb 1977 (fr), Rimachi<br />
Y 2797<br />
from Guyana and Surinam in Prance (1972). A (NY); Prov. Loreto: Nauta, Rio Marafion, 9<br />
Nov 1982 (fl buds), Vdsquez & Jaramillo 3444 (NY);<br />
third collection from French Guiana has recently Maynas, Pto. Almendras (Rio Nanay), 19 Feb 1985 (fl<br />
been added, showing it to be rare but widespread buds), Vasquez & Jaramillo 6243 (NY).<br />
in the Guianas. See Figure 23.<br />
Additional specimen examined. FRENCH GUIANA. Subgenus Moquilea Section Microdesmia<br />
Saiil, La Fumee Trail, 27 Mar 1983 (fr), Mori & Pipoly 2-45. Licania arborea Seemann, Bot.<br />
15411<br />
voy. Her-<br />
(NY).<br />
ald 3: 118,t. 25. 1853.<br />
This species, common from Mexico through<br />
Central America, was known by only three col-<br />
lections from South America at the time of Prance<br />
(1972). It is apparently more widespread in South<br />
America, although it may well have been intro-<br />
duced there by indigenous traders because of its<br />
use as an oilseed.<br />
Distribution. Figure 26.<br />
Additional specimens examined. COLOMBIA.<br />
CHOCO: Mun. Riosucio, Parque Nacional Los Katios,<br />
1 Dec 1976 (fr), Le6n 632 (MO).<br />
VENEZUELA. ZULIA: Aricuiza, 19 Dec 1972 (fl),<br />
Veillon 131 (US, VEN) [possibly cultivated].<br />
PERU. HUANUCO: Prov. Pachitea, Rio Pachitea nr.<br />
Miel de Abeja, 9 Mar 1967 (fr), Schunke V 1737 (COL,<br />
US); Dist. Honoria, Caserio Leoncio Prado, 29 Nov<br />
1963 (fl), Lao Magin 103 (F). LORETO: Maynas, trail<br />
from Indiana on Rio Amazonas to Rio Napo, 24 May<br />
1978 (fl), Gentry et al. 22199 (MO, NY).<br />
BRAZIL. ACRE: Rio Macaua, Mun. Sena Madureira<br />
(fl), Lima & Souza 231 (INPA, NY).
36 Flora Neotropica<br />
2-47. Licania subarachnophylla Cuatrecasas,<br />
Fieldiana, Bot. 27: 110. 1951.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 80). This little-collected<br />
species, known only from the type and one other<br />
collection, from Boyaca and Meta in Colombia,<br />
has now been found in Venezuela. It seems to<br />
be endemic to the gallery forests along the rivers<br />
of the savannas.<br />
subarachnophylla in the subgenus Moquilea section<br />
Microdesmia. These four are a closely related<br />
group of species each well separated from<br />
one another geographically or ecologically. Licania<br />
salicifolia is a montane species of Antioquia,<br />
Colombia, which differs in its much longer<br />
inflorescences with flowers in clusters and in the<br />
longer lanceolate leaves; L. subarachnophylla is<br />
a species of the gallery forests of the Llanos which<br />
Additional specimen examined. VENEZUELA. also differs in the much longer inflorescence with<br />
APURE: Distr. Pedro Camejo, along Quebrada El Porve- the flowers in clusters and in its smaller flowers;<br />
nir, 6?39'N, 67017'W, 21 Feb 1979 (fl), Davidse & Gon- L. araneosa is a species of the gallery forests of<br />
zalez 15541 (MO, NY).<br />
a restricted area of the planalto of Central Brazil,<br />
which differs in its smaller flowers, larger<br />
2-47.1. Licania tambopatensis Prance, sp. nov. branched inflorescences, and more coriaceous<br />
Type. Peru. Madre de Dios: Tambopata Na- leaves.<br />
ture Reserve, Laguna Coco Cocha, 5.2 km east This species is named for the Tambopata Naof<br />
lodge, 3 Jun 1986 (fl), V. A. Funk, B. Kahn ture Reserve, a remarkable sanctuary for the<br />
& S. Wiser 8415 (holotype, NY; isotype, species diversity of the upper Amazon region<br />
US). Fig. 6. where the highest known level of species diver-<br />
Ab L. araneosa floribus 2 mm longis, inflo- sity has been recorded for many organisms.<br />
rescentiis racemosis, foliis chartaceis differt.<br />
Shrub, the young branches tomentose becom-<br />
2-48. Licania salicifolia Cuatrecasas, Fieldiana,<br />
ing glabrous with age. Leaf lamina oblong, char-<br />
Bot. 27: 111. 1951.<br />
taceous, 3.8-6 x 1.5-2.4 cm, cuneate at base, This species was known from a single rather<br />
mucronate at apex, the mucro 1-2 mm long, gla- poor type specimen from Antioquia, Colombia.<br />
brous above except on midrib, appressed lanate- It is a high altitude endemic still only known<br />
pubescent beneath; midrib prominent beneath, from the type locality in the vicinity of Rionegro<br />
prominulous and tomentose above when young; (not the Rio Negro as erroneously stated in<br />
primary veins 11-14 pairs, prominulous be- Prance, 1972!). Espinal T. (1981) wrote a comneath,<br />
plane above; petioles 2-4 mm long, to- mentary on the rarity of this species and pointed<br />
mentose, terete, eglandular. Stipules linear, ax- out that residents of Comfama know this as "the<br />
illary, caducous, membranous. Inflorescences rare tree." See Figure 76.<br />
of terminal and axillary racemes, 2-4 cm, the<br />
rachis tomentose. Bracts and bracteoles mem- Additional specimens examined. COLOMBIA.<br />
ANTIOQUIA: Rionegro, Hacienda<br />
branous, caducous, triangular, tomentellous on<br />
Comfama, Jul 1981<br />
(st), Espinal T. et al. 4537 (MEDEL), 3 Dec 1981 (fl),<br />
exterior, glabrous within. Flowers 2-2.5 mm long, Espinal T. & A. Lenna T. 4608 (MEDEL), 3 July 1981<br />
sessile, densely packed along rachis but not clus- (fl), R. Jaramillo s.n. (COL, NY).<br />
tered. Receptacle cupuliform, sessile, brown-tomentose<br />
and lanate on exterior, densely tomen- Subgenus Licania Section Hirsuta<br />
tose within. Calyx lobes acute, triangular, lanate<br />
on both surfaces. Petals small, caducous, the 2-53. Licania hirsuta Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
margins ciliate. Stamens ca. 15, inserted around Monogr. 9: 93. 1972.<br />
complete circle, equalling or only slightly ex- This species was described from two collecceeding<br />
the calyx lobes, glabrous, free to base. tions in Central Amazonas, Brazil, and has now<br />
Ovary inserted at base of receptacle. Style gla- also been found in Amapa. See Figure 46.<br />
brous except at base. Fruit not seen.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 62). Known only from the Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. AMAPA:<br />
type collected<br />
Road<br />
along the edge of the lake.<br />
Tinguilim to BraSo, km 21, 2 Jun 1969 (fl), N.<br />
T. Silva 2096<br />
This<br />
(IAN, NY). AMAZONAS: Mun.<br />
new<br />
Humaita,<br />
species belongs close to the species rd. Humaita-Porto Velho, km 70, 5 May 1982 (fl),<br />
group of Licania araneosa, L. salicifolia, and L. Teixeira et al. 253 (INPA, NY).
Systematic Treatment 37<br />
ii~i""~~~~mm<br />
A.<br />
i K<br />
N.N<br />
FIG. 6. Licania tambopatensis (Funk et al. 8415). A, habit; B, leaf undersurface; C, inflorescence; D, bract<br />
and bracteole; E, flower; F, flower section; G, ovary.<br />
2-57.1. Licania hispida Prance, sp. nov. Type.<br />
Venezuela. Amazonas: Dept. Rio Negro, Ce-<br />
rro Aratitiyope, 2?10'N, 65?34'W, SSW of<br />
Ocamo, 990-1670 m, 24-28 Feb 1984 (fl, fr),<br />
J. A. Steyermark et al. 130185 (holotype,<br />
NY). Fig. 7.<br />
Species sectione Hirsutae pertinens, in qua ra-<br />
mulis juvenilibus, costis petiolis que hispidis,<br />
rachidibus inflorescentiarum basim versus his-<br />
pidis unica est.<br />
Tree 6 m tall, the young branches densely his-<br />
pid. Leaf lamina oblong to oblong-elliptic, co-<br />
riaceous, 7-11 x 2.5-5.2 cm, rounded and un-<br />
equal at base, apiculate or bluntly acuminate at<br />
apex, sparsely hispid on primary venation be-<br />
neath, otherwise glabrous on both surfaces; mid-<br />
rib prominulous above, prominent beneath, his-
38 Flora Neotropica<br />
,. '~~ 1cm.Y~gBB~~<br />
12cm. 1<br />
cmEE;cm.<br />
G~~. D . "" B. ,,~~0<br />
FIG. 7. Licania hispida (Steyermark 130185). A, habit; B, stem and petiole; C, leaf undersurface; D, flower;<br />
E, flower section; F, young infructescence; G, young fruit.<br />
pid beneath especially on lower portion; primary<br />
veins 9-12 pairs, plane above, prominent be-<br />
neath, the lower ones sparsely hispid; petioles 4-<br />
7 mm long, terete, eglandular, hispid. Stipules<br />
linear, 5-6 mm long, subpersistent. Inflores-<br />
cences of little-branched panicles, the lower por-<br />
tion of rachis hispid, sparsely tomentellous on<br />
upper portion and on branches. Bracts and brac-<br />
teoles 1 mm long, lanceolate, persistent, tomen-<br />
tellous. Flowers in bud ca. 1.5 mm long, sessile<br />
on primary branches of inflorescence. Receptacle<br />
campanulate, sessile, gray-tomentose on exteri-
Systematic Treatment 39<br />
or, tomentose within. Calyx lobes five, acute,<br />
tomentose on both surfaces. Petals five, minute.<br />
Stamens five, inserted around complete circle;<br />
filaments shorter than calyx lobes, free, glabrous.<br />
Ovary inserted at base of receptacle, lanate. Style<br />
glabrous except at extreme base. Fruit (immaposite<br />
to three calyx lobes, shorter than calyx<br />
lobes, the filaments connate for lower third. Ovary<br />
pilose. Style pilose. Fruit unknown.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 70). Known only from the<br />
type collection from 1400 m, collected in flower<br />
in May.<br />
ture) globose, exocarp ferrugineous-pubescent;<br />
endocarp thin, hard.<br />
2-61. Licania arachnoidea Fanshawe & Ma-<br />
Distribution (Fig. 46). Known only from the<br />
type from forest at base of high bluffs of an igneous<br />
rock mountain.<br />
This new species belongs to section Hirsuta<br />
and is closely related to the other species in that<br />
section and in section Hymenopus. It is quite<br />
distinct nonetheless, and easily distinguished by<br />
the hispid pubescence of the stems, petioles, midrib<br />
and lower part of the inflorescence rachis.<br />
This type of hispid pubescence, common in the<br />
genus Hirtella, does not occur in other species<br />
of Licania. Licania hispida, with acute or only<br />
bluntly acuminate leaves is also distinguished<br />
from related species by the leaf shape.<br />
guire, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 318. 1948.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 25). A recent collection of<br />
this species was made in Loreto Dept., Peru. Previously<br />
it was known only from the Guianas and<br />
from a single collection from western Brazil. It<br />
adds to the growing list of species disjunct in<br />
eastern and western Amazonia that are not found<br />
in Central Amazonia, such as Licania guianensis<br />
and Couepia parillo.<br />
Additional specimen examined. PERU. LORETO:<br />
Maynas, Hondococha nr. Santa Cecilia, Rio Maniti,<br />
11 Nov 1976 (fl), Encarnaci6n 970 (NY, US).<br />
2-64. Licania caudata Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 103. 1972.<br />
Subgenus Licania Section Hymenopus<br />
2-60.1. Licania pakaraimensis Prance, Brittonia<br />
28:218, fig. 6. 1976. Type. Venezuela. Bolivar:<br />
Sierra Pakaraima, headwaters of Rio Paragua,<br />
3?40'N, 63?0'W, May 1973 (fl), Steyermark<br />
107357 (holotype, NY; isotype, VEN).<br />
Fruit oblong, 25 x 8 mm; exocarp smooth and<br />
glabrous, often slightly rugulose, wrinkled when<br />
dry; mesocarp thin, 0.25 mm thick, fleshy; en-<br />
docarp thin 0.5 mm thick, bony, slightly pu-<br />
berulous within.<br />
Additional specimens examined. COLOMBIA.<br />
Tree to 10 m tall, the young branches VAUPES:<br />
sparsely Mitfi, 25 Apr 1975 (fr), Zarucchi 1278 (COL).<br />
FRENCH GUIANA.<br />
tomentellous, soon glabrate and lenticellate. Saul, Monts La Fumee, 12 Oct<br />
Leaf 1982 (st), Boom & Mori 1997 (NY).<br />
lamina narrowly oblong, coriaceous, 7.5-11.5 x PERU. LORETO: Rio Nanay above Bellavista, 1 Jun<br />
2.5-4.5 cm, cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, 1976 (fl), Rimachi Y. 2326 (NY); Dept. Sapuena, Arthe<br />
acumen 3-12 mm long, glabrous on both boretum Jenaro Herrera, 4 Jun 1974 (fl), Diaz 51-A<br />
surfaces; primary veins 11-17 pairs, plane above, (IAN); Pucallpa, 1 Aug 1980 (fr), Salazar 662 (MO,<br />
prominulous and glabrous beneath; petioles 3-5<br />
NY), 6 Jun 1960 (fl), Woytkowski 5773 (S, US). UCAYALI:<br />
Km 86 Pucallpa-Tingo Maria Rd., Jul 1978 (fr), Froehmm<br />
long, terete, rugulose, glabrous or with a few ner 362 (MO, NY).<br />
appressed hairs, eglandular. Stipules axillary, to- BRAZIL. ACRE: Cruzeiro do Sul, 12 Feb 1976 (fr),<br />
mentellous, caducous. Inflorescences of terminal Marinho 134 (IAN). AMAZONAS: Rio Cuieiras, nr. Lago<br />
de<br />
panicles with flowers grouped in small Peixe-Boi, Sep 1972 (fr), O. Pires & Honda 185<br />
cymules<br />
(INPA, NY); Manaus-Porto Velho Rd., between Rio<br />
on peduncles 1 mm long, the rachis and branches Castanho and Araca, 10 Oct 1974 (st), Prance et al.<br />
tomentellous, the rachis ca. 2 mm thick at base. 22775 (INPA, NY), 12 Jul 1972 (fl), M. F. da Silva<br />
Bracts and bracteoles ca. 0.5 mm long, triangular, 486 (INPA, NY). PARA: Rd. Oriximina to Obidos, km<br />
persistent. Flowers ca. 2.5 mm 70 at Rio<br />
long. Receptacle<br />
Cumina-Mirim, 14 Sep 1980 (fr), Cid et al.<br />
2545 (INPA, NY).<br />
campanulate, gray-tomentellous on exterior, tomentellous<br />
within; pedicels 0.25 mm long. Calyx This species was described from three colleclobes<br />
five, acute, gray-tomentellous on exterior, tions from the vicinity of Manaus. It has turned<br />
glabrous within. Petals five, caducous, remaining out to be a widespread and common Amazonian<br />
attached to one another and caducous in a single species, occurring in both inundated and terra<br />
calyptra-like unit. Stamens five, unilateral, op- firme forest. See Figure 31.
40 Flora Neotropica<br />
2-64.1. Licania miltonii Prance, Acta Amazo-<br />
nica 13: 24. 1983. Type. Brazil. Mato Grosso:<br />
Aripuana, km 238 ofrd. BR 174, Nuicleo Juina,<br />
area urbana, 17 Jan 1979 (fl), M. G. Silva &<br />
A. Pinheiro 4296 (holotype, MG; isotype, NY).<br />
Additional<br />
specimen examined. BRAZIL. MATO<br />
GROSSO: Aripuana, Nuicleo Juina, 28 May 1978 (fr),<br />
M. G. Silva & Rosario 4684 (MG).<br />
This species, most closely related to Licania<br />
caudata, differs in the much smaller, narrower,<br />
chartaceous leaves with cuspidate not caudate<br />
apices and shorter petioles, the smaller flowers<br />
with fewer stamens with free filaments, and<br />
smaller inflorescences.<br />
2-65. Licania latistipula Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 103. 1972.<br />
This species, with distinctively large stipules,<br />
was described from two collections in the Ori-<br />
noco Delta of Venezuela but also occurs in French<br />
Guiana. See Figure 54.<br />
Additional specimen examined. FRENCH GUIANA.<br />
Piste de St. Elie, 19 Oct 1977 (st), Lescure 758 (NY).<br />
Tree 5 m tall, the young branches sparsely puberulous,<br />
soon becoming glabrous. Leaf lamina<br />
narrowly oblong, chartaceous, 4-10.2 x 1.3-3.8<br />
cm, cuneate at base, cuspidate-acuminate at apex,<br />
the acumen 6-12 mm long, glabrous on both<br />
surfaces; midrib slightly prominulous above,<br />
prominent beneath, with a few stiff appressed<br />
hairs on both surfaces; primary veins 6-8 pairs,<br />
plane above, slightly prominulous beneath; petioles<br />
1-3 mm long, terete, eglandular, with few<br />
sparse appressed hairs. Stipules intrapetiolar, linear,<br />
persistent, ca. 2 mm long. Inflorescences terminal<br />
and axillary little-branched panicles 1-3<br />
cm, the rachis and branches very sparsely hirsutulous.<br />
Bracts and bracteoles minute, membranous,<br />
sparsely hirsutulous on exterior, persistent,<br />
entire. Flowers minute, 1-1.5 mm long,<br />
borne solitary on short primary branches of inflorescence.<br />
Receptacle campanulate, glabrous or<br />
sparsely hirsutulous on exterior, tomentose on<br />
exterior; pedicels 0.2 mm long. Calyx lobes five,<br />
acute, glabrous except for a few stiff appressed<br />
hairs on exterior, the margins ciliate. Petals five,<br />
tomentellous within towards apex, glabrous beneath,<br />
puberulous on outer surface. Stamens five,<br />
fertile, inserted on short thick filaments, connate<br />
at base. Ovary inserted at base of receptacle,<br />
sparsely hirsute. Fruit ellipsoid, ca. 2 cm long x<br />
2-67. Licania glabri<strong>flora</strong> Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 104. 1972.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 41). This species, described<br />
from Venezuela and French Guiana in Prance<br />
(1972), has now been collected in adjacent Brazil<br />
and Surinam, but also in Costa Rica, giving it a<br />
disjunct distribution similar to that of L. affinis.<br />
The Central American material differs only in<br />
having three rather than five stamens and often<br />
four rather than five petals. In all other respects<br />
it resembles the South American specimens studied.<br />
Additional specimens examined. COSTA RICA.<br />
HEREDIA: Finca La Selva, Rio Puerto Viejo, 14 Feb<br />
1982 (fl), Hammel 11149 (NY).<br />
SURINAM. Lely Mountains, SW plateau, 29 Sep<br />
1975 (fl), Lindeman & Stoffers 525 (S).<br />
FRENCH GUIANA. Riv. Grand Inini, Saint Batardeau,<br />
11 Sep 1970 (fl), Granville B3787 (CAY).<br />
BRAZIL. AMAPA: Between Porto Platon and Serra<br />
do Navio, Oct-Dec 1976 (st), Rosa 1165 (MG).<br />
Note that in Prance (1972: 105) this species<br />
was erroneously cited as Licania glabrifolia.<br />
2-69a. Licania heteromorpha Bentham, J. Bot.<br />
(Hooker) 2: 221. 1840. var. heteromorpha.<br />
1 cm broad; exocarp smooth, glabrous; mesocarp<br />
thin; endocarp 0.5 mm thick, glabrous within.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 64). Forest on terra firme,<br />
clay soil in Mato Grosso.<br />
This is the commonest and most collected<br />
Amazonian species of Licania. In Prance (1972)<br />
I also cited material from Rio de Janeiro for<br />
which I was uncertain if it was of cultivated or-<br />
igin or for the Glaziou specimens pirated. A new<br />
collection shows that this species is a native of<br />
the eastern Brazilian forests and is another Am-<br />
azon-eastern Brazil disjunct (Fig. 44).<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. ESPIRITO<br />
SANTO: Mun. Linhares, Res. Florestal da Cia Vale do<br />
Rio Doce, 14 Dec 1981 (fl), H. C. de Lima 1660 (NY,<br />
RB).<br />
2-69e. Licania heteromorpha Bentham var. re-<br />
voluta Prance, Acta Amazonica 13: 24. 1983.<br />
Type. Brazil. Amazonas: 20 km NW of Ma-<br />
naus, Taruma development area, 21 Mar 1981<br />
(fl), B. W. & S. P. Nelson 1058 (holotype, INPA;<br />
isotype, NY).<br />
Leaves 2-4.5 x 1.1-2.3 cm, the margins revo-<br />
lute; anthers deltoid.
Systematic Treatment 41<br />
, _A. . . _ .<br />
=:z- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l-i<br />
..<br />
0-1~~~~~~~<br />
E. C~~~~~~~~i .~<br />
FIG. 8. Licania laevigata (Irwin et al. 54990; M. Silva 80). A, habit; B, flower; C, flower section; D, petal;<br />
E, ovary; F, <strong>flora</strong>l diagram; G, young fruit.<br />
Habitat. Forest on terra firme, clay soil.<br />
This variety is quite distinct from var. heteromorpha<br />
and the other varieties of the species<br />
by its much smaller, thickly coriaceous leaves<br />
with revolute margins and a rounded to retuse<br />
apex. It is possibly a distinct species, but I hesitate<br />
to describe it as such on the basis of a single<br />
collection and in this complex, because there is<br />
a great deal of morphological variation in var.<br />
heteromorpha. It also differs from other varieties<br />
ofL. heteromorpha in the deltoid anthers, which<br />
also occur in the closely related L. intrapetiolaris.<br />
The anthers are distinctive because in the dried<br />
material the pointed apex is much darker in color<br />
than the broad basal portion.<br />
2-69.1. Licania laevigata Prance, sp. nov. Type.<br />
Brazil. Amazonas: Manaus-Caracarai Rd., km<br />
45, Reserva Biologica do INPA, 4 Apr 1972<br />
(fl), M. F. Silva & L. Coelho 80 (holotype, INPA<br />
35442; isotype, NY). Fig. 8.
42 Flora Neotropica<br />
Species sectione Hymenopus pertinens, a L.<br />
reticulata fructibus globosis exocarpio tomentellis,<br />
foliis laevigatis haud reticulatis, floribus<br />
extus brunneo tomentellis sessilibus differt.<br />
Tree to 20 m tall, the young branches glabrous.<br />
Leaf lamina oblong, coriaceous, 9-18 x 4.2-7<br />
cm, cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, the acumen<br />
4-10 mm long, glabrous on both surfaces,<br />
shiny above; midrib prominulous above, prominent<br />
beneath; primary veins 7-10 pairs, prominulous<br />
on both surfaces, widely spaced with<br />
1.2-1.8 mm between veins; petioles 5-8 mm long,<br />
with confluent leaf base, glabrous, eglandular.<br />
Stipules axillary, caducous. Inflorescences of terminal<br />
and subterminal racemose panicles, the<br />
rachis puberulous. Bracts and bracteoles minute,<br />
This species and the next (Licania occultans)<br />
are both close to Licania heteromorpha and I<br />
have previously placed some of the material<br />
within that species. The description of these<br />
species begins the dismemberment of that large<br />
and morphologically diverse species. The sepa-<br />
ration of L. laevigata and L. occultans is made<br />
possible by the collection of large population<br />
samples from the Reserva Ducke and the Re-<br />
serves of the INPA/WWF Minimum Critical Reserve<br />
Size Project near to Manaus. It is now apparent<br />
that they are different species that are easily<br />
distinguished in the field.<br />
Licania laevigata is closest to L. reticulata but<br />
differs in the smooth, not reticulate leaves that<br />
are more cuneate at the base, the round tomentose<br />
fruit rather than an ellipsoid, glabrous and<br />
costate one, the flowers borne sessile on the primary<br />
inflorescence branches and the brown tomentellous<br />
pubescence of the exterior of the<br />
flowers.<br />
2-69.2. Licania occultans Prance, sp. nov. Type.<br />
Brazil. Amazonas: Manaus-Itacoatiara Rd.,<br />
km 31, CEPLAC Research Station, 6 Nov 1973<br />
(fl), Steward & Ramos P17669 (holotype,<br />
INPA; isotype, NY). Fig. 9.<br />
triangular, tomentose, subpersistent. Flowers ca.<br />
2 mm long, inserted on primary inflorescence<br />
branches. Receptacle urceolate, brown-tomen-<br />
A L. heteromorpha foliis<br />
tellous on<br />
longe acuminatis, peexterior,<br />
tomentose within; pedicels tiolis<br />
0.5-1 mm<br />
eglandulosis, laminis confluentibus differt.<br />
long. Calyx lobes five, triangular, to-<br />
Tree to 30 m tall, the young branches glabrous,<br />
mentellous on both surfaces. Petals five, pubes- with large conspicuous lenticels. Leaf lamina obcent<br />
on exterior, with ciliate margins. Stamens<br />
long-elliptic, chartaceous, 4.5-8 x 2.5-4 cm, cu-<br />
6-7, inserted around three-fourths of circle with<br />
neate at base, acuminate at apex, the acumen 4-<br />
tooth-like staminodes opposite; filaments short-<br />
9 mm<br />
er<br />
long, cuspidate,<br />
than<br />
glabrous on both surfaces;<br />
calyx lobes, free, glabrous; anthers delmidrib<br />
prominulous above, prominent beneath;<br />
toid. Ovary inserted at base of receptacle, toprimary<br />
veins 5-7 pairs, prominulous on both<br />
mentellous on exterior; style pubescent on lower<br />
surfaces, widely spaced; petioles 2-5 mm long,<br />
portion. Young fruit globose, exocarp densely with confluent leaf base, glabrous, eglandular.<br />
short-ferrugineous-tomentellous.<br />
Stipules<br />
Distribution (Fig. 62). Terra firme<br />
axillary, small, caducous.<br />
forest<br />
Inflorescences<br />
of<br />
of terminal and subterminal racemose panicles,<br />
Central Amazonia and Surinam.<br />
the rachis sparsely gray-puberulous. Bracts and<br />
Additional material. SURINAM. Frederik Top, 3 bracteoles triangular, minute, 0.5 mm long, perkm<br />
SSE of Juliana Top, 23 Aug 1963 (young fr), Irwin sistent, puberulous. Flowers ca. 1.5 mm long,<br />
et al. 54990 (NY).<br />
inserted on<br />
BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: Sao Gabriel, 27 May 1948<br />
primary inflorescence branches. Re-<br />
(y<br />
fr), Black 48-2902 (IAN, NY); Reserva Florestal Ducke, ceptacle campanulate, sparsely puberulous on<br />
Manaus, 6 Apr 1967 (fl), Byron & Elias 67-20 (INPA, exterior, tomentellous within; pedicels ca. 0.5 mm<br />
NY), 27 Mar 1952 (fl), L. Coelho s.n. (INPA 5209, long. Calyx lobes five, triangular, puberulous on<br />
NY), 29 Sep 1976 (st), Mello s.n. (INPA 60170); 24 both surfaces. Petals five, sparsely pubescent on<br />
Sep 1976 (st), Adair de Oliveira s.n. (INPA 74791), 19<br />
Aug 1976 (st), Adair de Oliveira s. n. (INPA 60162), 16 exterior, the margins ciliate. Stamens 5-6, in-<br />
Jan 1976 (st), Adair de Oliveira s.n. (INPA 59936), 14 serted around three-fourths of circle; filaments<br />
Sep 1971 (y fr), Prance et al. 14735 (INPA, NY). shorter than calyx lobes, free, glabrous. Ovary<br />
inserted at base of receptacle, puberulous on exterior;<br />
style villous on lower half. Fruit unknown.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 62). Forest on terra firme of<br />
Central Amazonia.<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. AMAZONAS:<br />
Maues, 57?43'W, 3?23'S, 23 Jul 1983 (fl), S. R. Hill<br />
13163 (INPA, NY).<br />
This species differs from Licania heteromor-<br />
pha in the long acuminate leaves which are char-
Systematic Treatment 43<br />
3cm.[<br />
.. ' .-. . . . . .<br />
.- .<br />
~,a',,,,,? W' .,',,'4g,,i..~';/~ / .<br />
I ,4< (
44 Flora Neotropica<br />
taceous and conduplicate, and in the eglandular<br />
petioles with the leaf base confluent into them.<br />
2-72. Licania fanshawei Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 112. 1972.<br />
2-73.1. Licania marleneae Prance, Brittonia 28:<br />
218, fig. 7. 1976. Type. Brazil. Amazonas:<br />
Manaus-Porto Velho Hwy. between Rio Cas-<br />
tanho and Rio Tupana, 18 Jul 1972 (fl), M. F.<br />
da Silva 873 (holotype, INPA).<br />
actually much more widespread, but only infre-<br />
quently collected. It has been collected in several<br />
places in Colombia and Venezuela. See Figure<br />
78.<br />
Additional specimens examined. COLOMBIA. META:<br />
Sierra de la<br />
Distribution (Fig. 38). This species was de-<br />
Macarena, Central Mountains, north ridge,<br />
30 Dec 1949 (fr), Philipson & Idrobo 2005 (BM, NY).<br />
scribed from material collected in Venezuela and VENEZUELA. TACHIRA: Rio San Buena, 10 km W<br />
Guyana. Recent collections show it to be dis- of La Fundaci6n, 15 Mar 1980 (fr), Liesner et al. 9584<br />
tributed throughout the Guianas.<br />
(MO, NY, VEN). ZULIA: Km 45 of Lara-Zulia Rd., 31<br />
Mar 1979 (fl, fr), Bunting & Fucci 7124 (NY).<br />
Additional specimens examined. SURINAM. No locality,<br />
13 Nov 1971 (fr), Jimenez-Sda 1608 (LBB, NY);<br />
Fallawatra, 22 Nov 1971 (st), Jimenez-Sda 1642 (LBB, Subgenus Licania Section Cymosa<br />
NY).<br />
FRENCH GUIANA. Saiil, Monts La Fum6e, 27 2-78.1. Licania arianeae<br />
Aug<br />
Prance, sp. nov. Type.<br />
1982 (fl), Mori & Boom 14780 (NY).<br />
Brazil. Espirito Santo: Reserva Florestal<br />
CVRD, Linhares, 19 May 1980 (fl), D. A. Foli<br />
228 (holotype, RB; isotype, NY).<br />
Figs. 10, 27.<br />
Species sectione Cymosae pertinens; a L. cu-<br />
prea staminibus 6-7, stipulis 6-10 mm longis,<br />
floribus 5-6 mm longis, a L. riedelii floribus in<br />
cymulis 2-3-floris dispositis, stipulis floribusque<br />
maioribus, foliis oblongo-ellipticis differt.<br />
Tree to 15 m tall, the young branches glabrous,<br />
lenticellate. Leaf lamina, oblong-elliptic, coriaceous,<br />
5.5-9.5 x 3-4.7 cm, cuneate at base, acute Tree to 20 m tall, the young branches densely<br />
at apex, glabrous on both surfaces; midrib plane ferrugineous-tomentose. Leaf lamina oblong to<br />
above, prominulous beneath; primary veins 7- oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, 7-11 x 3.5-5 cm,<br />
11 pairs, plane or rounded to<br />
prominulous above,<br />
subcuneate at<br />
promin-<br />
base, bluntly acumiulous<br />
beneath; petioles 2-3 mm nate or acute at<br />
long, glabrous,<br />
apex, the acumen 0-5 mm long,<br />
rugulose, eglandular. Stipules acute, ca. 0.75 mm glabrous above, with conspicuous deep-set stolong,<br />
persistent, sparsely puberulous, adnate to matal cavities beneath, filled with a lanate white<br />
base of petiole. Inflorescences of terminal and pubescence; midrib impressed for entire length<br />
subterminal branched panicles; rachis sparsely above, prominent and ferrugineous-tomentose<br />
puberulous, becoming glabrous with age, the beneath; primary veins 10-15 pairs, plane above,<br />
branches puberulous. Bracts and bracteoles ca. prominent and with a few sparse hairs beneath;<br />
0.5 mm long, persistent, triangular, puberulous petioles 6-8 mm long, densely ferrugineous-puon<br />
exterior. Flowers 2-2.5 mm long. Receptacle bescent, canaliculate. Stipules 6-10 mm long, 1.5campanulate,<br />
sessile, sordid-tomentellous on ex-<br />
2 mm broad at base, lanceolate, persistent, adterior,<br />
tomentose within. Calyx lobes nate to extreme base of<br />
five, acute,<br />
petiole. Inflorescences of<br />
tomentellous on exterior, puberulous within. terminal and subterminal panicles, the rachis and<br />
Petals absent. Stamens five, unilateral, inserted branches densely ferrugineous-tomentose. Bracts<br />
opposite to three sepals; filaments<br />
and bracteoles<br />
glabrous,<br />
minute, ca. 1 mm long, persistent.<br />
shorter than calyx lobes. Flowers 5-6 mm<br />
Ovary pilose. Style gla-<br />
long, inserted in small groups<br />
brous. Fruit unknown.<br />
ofcymules attached to primary branches by short<br />
Distribution (Fig. 60). Known only from the thick peduncles; receptacle urceolate, slightly<br />
type, from rain forest on terra firme, collected in gibbous, tomentose on exterior, lanate within.<br />
flower in July.<br />
Calyx lobes acute, tomentose on both surfaces.<br />
Petals absent. Stamens 6-7, unilateral with large<br />
2-76. Licania silvae Prance, Fl.<br />
lanate<br />
Neotrop. Mono- ridge opposite bearing short staminodes,<br />
gr. 9: 115. 1972.<br />
filaments shorter than calyx lobes, unequal in<br />
length. Ovary inserted at base of receptacle, vil-<br />
This species, described from material from lous; style exceeding filaments in length, lanate<br />
Brazilian Amazonia in Para and Amazonas, is for entire length. Fruit not seen.
Systematic Treatment 45<br />
3 cm.<br />
FIG. 10. Licania arianeae (Foli 228). A, habit; B, leaf undersurface; C, flower; D, flower section; E, stamen;<br />
F, ovary.<br />
F, ovary.<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. ESPIRITO<br />
SANTO: Reserva Florestal de Linhares, 22 May 1972<br />
(fl), Lino 45 (NY, RB).<br />
This most distinct species belongs to section<br />
Cymosa, but has thicker peduncles bearing the<br />
cymules than in other species of that section. It<br />
11<br />
is closest to the Guianan species Licania cuprea,<br />
but differs in the larger flowers, larger stipules,<br />
gibbous receptacle, leaf shape, and greater number<br />
of stamens. It is one of the few species of<br />
Licania with extremely conspicuous, exposed<br />
stomatal cavities on the leafundersurface; in this
46 Flora Neotropica<br />
it superficially resembles L. riedelii, but differs<br />
in the inflorescence of cymules and the much<br />
larger stipules.<br />
2-79. Licania impressa Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr.9: 118. 1972.<br />
Distribution. Figure 49.<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL.<br />
AMAZONAS: Manaus-Itacoatiara Rd., km 69-70, 5 Sep<br />
1973 (fl), Prance et al. 17520 (INPA, NY); Rio Cuieiras,<br />
2 km below Rio Brancinho, 12 Sep 1973 (fl), Prance<br />
et al. 17820 (INPA, NY). PARA: Serra do Santar6m, 18<br />
Aug 1916 (fl), Ducke MG 16355 (MG); Tome Aqiu, 29<br />
Dec 1977 (fl), Nascimento 340 (MG, NY), 30 Dec 1977<br />
(fr), Nascimento 363 (MG, NY).<br />
2-80.1. Licania santosii Prance, Revista Brasil.<br />
Bot. 2: 28, fig. 1. 1979. Type. Brazil. Bahia:<br />
Itacare, 15 Oct 1968 (fl), J. Almeida 150 & T.<br />
S. dos Santos 150 (holotype, CEPEC; isotypes,<br />
AAU, FHO, MO, NY, U, US).<br />
Small tree 4 m tall, the young branches glabrous,<br />
conspicuously lenticellate. Leaf lamina<br />
ovate-orbicular, coriaceous, becoming thickly<br />
coriaceous with age, 6-10 x 4-6.5 cm, rounded<br />
at base, rounded to slightly acute at apex, glabrous<br />
on upper surface, the lower surface with<br />
stomatal crypts filled by dense lanate pubescence,<br />
the venation reticulate and conspicuous<br />
since it is not covered by the pubescence; midrib<br />
plane above, prominent beneath; primary veins<br />
7-8 pairs, plane above, prominent beneath; petioles<br />
8-10 mm long, terete, sparsely puberulous<br />
when young, eglandular, slightly rugulose. Stipules<br />
adnate to extreme base of petioles, persis-<br />
base of filaments, tomentose on lower half. Fruit<br />
not seen.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 77). Known only from the<br />
type collection, from the seaside.<br />
Licania santosii belongs to section Cymosa on<br />
account of the cymose inflorescence branches. It<br />
is closely related to L. dealbata, from which it<br />
differs in the broader leaves with blunter apices,<br />
the longer petioles, the pubescence of the lower<br />
surface not obscuring the venation, and the grayish-brown<br />
pubescence of the inflorescence. It differs<br />
from L. hypoleuca, another species of the<br />
same section occurring in the same region, in the<br />
stomatal crypts and conspicuously reticulate ve-<br />
nation, the rounder leaves with blunt apices, and<br />
the less branched inflorescence with larger flowers<br />
and more stamens.<br />
2-81. Licania pallida Spruce ex Sagot, Ann. Sci.<br />
Nat. Bot., ser. 6, 15: 306. 1883.<br />
The first Peruvian collection of this Guianan<br />
and eastern Amazonian species has been col-<br />
lected (Fig. 69); see also Licania arachnoidea.<br />
Additional specimen examined. PERU. AMAZONAS:<br />
Rio Santiago, 65 km N of Pinglo, 4 Dec 1979 (fl),<br />
Huashikat 1425 (MO, NY).<br />
2-84. Licania cymosa Fritsch, Ann. K. K. Na-<br />
turhist. Hofmus. 4: 47. 1889.<br />
This little known species was studied from three<br />
highly disjunct collections in 1972. Several more<br />
from Bahia now have been collected (Fig. 35).<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. BAHIA:<br />
Mun. Ilheus, Fazenda Barra do Manguinho, 29 Sep<br />
tent, lanceolate, ca. 2 mm long. Inflorescences of 1980 (fl), Mattos Silva et al. 1136 (CEPEC, NY), 5 Feb<br />
little-branched panicles 3-4 cm, the rachis and 1982 (fr), Mattos Silva et al. 1401 (CEPEC, NY); Una,<br />
branches brown-tomentellous. Bracts and brac-<br />
Oliven9a, 2 Sep 1971 (fr), Pinheiro 1558 (NY).<br />
teoles 1-2 mm long, ovate, persistent, tomen- Local name. oiti.<br />
tellous on exterior. Flowers ca. 2.5 mm long, in<br />
few-flowered cymules attached to rachis and pri- 2-87. Licania piresii Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monomary<br />
branches by long slender peduncles. Re- gr. 9: 124. 1972.<br />
ceptacle campanulate, brown-tomentellous on<br />
exterior, tomentose within; pedicels 0.2 mm long.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 73). This species was de-<br />
Calyx lobes five, acute, tomentellous-puberulous<br />
scribed from three collections from Amapa, Braon<br />
both surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens seven,<br />
zil. It has recently been collected in Guyana since<br />
inserted around complete circle, anthers and fil- my account for the <strong>flora</strong> of the Guianas was pubaments<br />
of variable size; filaments shorter than lished (Prance, 1986b).<br />
calyx lobes, glabrous, free to base. Ovary inserted Additional specimens examined. GUYANA. WEST<br />
at base of receptacle, villous. Style extending to DEMERARA REGION: Mabura Hill area, 5?20'N, 58?40'W,
Systematic Treatment 47<br />
3 Jun 1986, Pipoly 7513 (NY, US), 4 Jun 1986, Pipoly<br />
7524 (NY, US), Pipoly 7537 (NY, US).<br />
2-87.1. Licania furfuracea Prance, Brittonia 28:<br />
221, fig. 8. 1976. Type. Venezuela. Bolivar: El<br />
Dorado-Santa Elena Rd., km 251-253, 4 Jan<br />
1975 (fl), Steyermark 113900 (holotype, NY;<br />
isotype, VEN).<br />
2-90. Licania buxifolia Sandwith, Bull. Misc. In-<br />
form. 1931: 369. 1931.<br />
Distribution<br />
(Fig. 29). This species, only known<br />
from three collections in Prance (1972), is still<br />
known only from a restricted area of Guyana.<br />
Additional specimens examined. GUYANA. Mazaruni-Potaro<br />
District, Bartica-Potaro Rd., 24 mi S of<br />
Bartica, 15 Aug 1976 (fl), Mori et al. 8088 (NY); 19<br />
mi SW of Bartica, 17 Aug 1976 (fl), Mori et al. 8131<br />
(NY).<br />
2-94. Licania urceolaris Hooker f., Fl. bras. 14(2):<br />
15. 1867.<br />
This species has now been collected over a<br />
much wider area including Peru (Fig. 84).<br />
Tree to 20 m tall, the young branches sparsely<br />
puberulous, becoming glabrous and lenticellate<br />
with age. Leaf lamina oblong, chartaceous, 3.5-<br />
5.5 x 1.5-2.5 cm, subcuneate at base, acuminate<br />
at apex, the acumen 3-7 mm long, glabrous above,<br />
with a waxy pulverulent-furfuraceous pubescence<br />
beneath; midrib plane or prominulous<br />
above, prominent beneath; primary veins 9-10<br />
Additional specimens examined. COLOMBIA.<br />
CAQUETA: Florencia, Rio Orteguaza, 21 Mar 1965 (fr),<br />
Garcia-Barriga 18202 (COL), Garcia-Barriga 18209<br />
(COL, US).<br />
PERU. LORETO: Requena, Rio Ucayali, Arboretum<br />
Jenaro Herrera, Jul-Sep 1976 (fl), Bernardi 5-36 (G,<br />
NY); Yanomono, Explorama Tourist Camp, trail to<br />
Rio Napo, 19 Feb 1981 (fr), Gentry et al. 31502 (MO,<br />
NY); Maynas, Puerto Almendras, 14 Feb 1977 (fr),<br />
Revilla 2345 (MO, NY).<br />
2-95. Licania affinis Fritsch, Ann. K. K. Naturhist.<br />
Hofmus. 4: 50. 1889.<br />
pairs, plane above, prominulous beneath; petioles<br />
2.5-5 mm long, sparsely puberulous, canaliculate.<br />
Stipules axillary, 1-2 mm long,<br />
lanceolate, sparsely puberulous, persistent. Inflorescences<br />
of terminal and axillary compound<br />
panicles, the flowers borne in small 2-3-flowered<br />
cymules on short peduncles; rachis and branches<br />
puberulous. Bracts and bracteoles ca. 5 mm long,<br />
oblong, persistent, tomentellous on exterior.<br />
Flowers ca. 2 mm long. Receptacle urceolate, tomentellous<br />
on exterior, appressed-puberulous on<br />
interior; pedicels 0.25 mm long. Calyx lobes five,<br />
acute, tomentellous on exterior, puberulous<br />
within. Petals absent. Stamens five, unilateral,<br />
inserted opposite three sepals; filaments glabrous,<br />
free to base, shorter than calyx lobes. Ovary<br />
tomentose. Style puberulous. Fruit unknown.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 40). This species is known<br />
from the type gathering, collected in flower in<br />
January in tall forest, beside a small stream.<br />
Subgenus Licania Section Pulverulenta<br />
Distribution (Fig. 22). This species was described<br />
from Guyana. Quite common in the<br />
Guianas, it was reported only from that region<br />
and adjacent Brazil in Prance (1972). Later it<br />
was collected in Panama and added to the increasing<br />
list of Panama-Guiana disjuncts, as<br />
pointed out in Prance (1974a). Its Central American<br />
range has recently been expanded into Costa<br />
Rica, showing that it exists in suitable forest sites<br />
well into Central America.<br />
Additional specimens examined. COSTA RICA.<br />
HEREDIA: Rio Peje, SW sector of La Selva, 24 May<br />
1982 (fl), Hammel 12476 (NY).<br />
PANAMA. PANAMA: El Llano-Carti Rd., 10 km N<br />
of Pan American Hwy., 12 Dec 1973 (fl), Gentry 8884<br />
(MO, NY). COLON: Santa Rita, Feb 1968 (fl), G6mez-<br />
Pompa et al. 3347 (MEXU), Gomez-Pompa et al. 3354<br />
(MEXU), 10 Aug 1971 (fr), Lao et al. 10 (MO, NY).<br />
2-95.1. Licania teixeirae Prance, sp. nov. Type.<br />
Brazil. Rondonia: Minera~ao Santa Barbara,<br />
25 May 1982 (fl), L. O. A. Teixeira 728 (holotype,<br />
INPA 104465; isotypes, FHO, NY).<br />
Fig. 11.<br />
Species sectione Pulverulentae pertinens, L.<br />
urceolaria affinis, foliis chartaceis 4-5.5 mm longis,<br />
apice caudato, receptaculo urceolato, extus<br />
brunneo-tomentoso differt.<br />
Tree, the young branches glabrous, lenticellate.<br />
Leaf lamina narrowly ovate, chartaceous, 4-5.5<br />
x 1.7-2.3 cm, subcuneate and slightly unequal<br />
at base, caudate at apex, the acumen 1.2-1.8 mm<br />
long, glabrous above, with a waxy pulverulentfarinaceous<br />
pubescence beneath; midrib gla-
48 Flora Neotropica<br />
D.<br />
?..-n . .. 2mm t r<br />
FIG. 11. Licania teixeirae (Teixeira 728). A, habit; B, flower; C, flower section; D, apical view of flower;<br />
E, leaf undersurface<br />
showing pulverulent pubescence.<br />
brous and plane above, prominent beneath; primary<br />
veins 7-9 pairs, inconspicuous on both<br />
surfaces; petioles 4-6 mm long, glabrous, canaliculate.<br />
Stipules linear, 1 mm long, adnate to<br />
base of petiole. Inflorescences of terminal and<br />
axillary little-branched racemose panicles or racemes,<br />
the rachis and branches tomentellous, the<br />
apical panicles 3-4 cm long, the axillary racemes<br />
1-2 cm long. Bracts and bracteoles lanceolate,<br />
persistent, ca. 0.5 mm long, tomentellous. Flowers<br />
ca. 3 mm long, sessile on primary branches<br />
of inflorescence. Receptacle urceolate, sessile, rufous-brown-tomentellous<br />
on exterior, densely<br />
tomentellous within. Calyx lobes five, acute, rufous-brown-tomentellous<br />
on exterior contrasting<br />
sharply with gray-white-tomentellous pubescence<br />
of inner surface. Petals absent. Stamens<br />
five, inserted around 2/3 of circle, the filaments<br />
shorter than calyx lobes, tomentellous. Ovary<br />
inserted at base of receptacle, sparsely tomen-<br />
tellous on exterior. Style equalling filaments, la-<br />
nate-pubescent. Fruit unknown.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 81). Known only from the<br />
type collection.<br />
This species is quite distinct from other species<br />
of Licania and is easily recognized in the dry<br />
condition by the contrasting colors of the recep-<br />
tacle and interior of the calyx lobes. It is a mem-<br />
ber of section Pulverulenta and differs from all<br />
other species in the leaf shape and the thin char-<br />
taceous leaves. This species comes from the same<br />
locality as another recently described species of<br />
Licania, L. bellingtonii.<br />
Subgenus Licania Section Licania<br />
2-100. Licania couepiifolia Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 134. 1972.
Systematic Treatment 49<br />
Distribution (Fig. 32). This species was described<br />
from a single collection from Guyana. A<br />
second collection from Surinam extends its range.<br />
Additional specimen examined. SURINAM. Sipaliwini<br />
area (fr), Oldenburger et al. 1256 (LBB).<br />
2-104. Licania hebantha Martius ex Hooker f.,<br />
Fl. bras. 14(2): 17. 1867.<br />
Distribution. Figure 46.<br />
Additional specimens examined. COLOMBIA.<br />
AMAZONAS: Monochoa, Sabana de Mosco, 30 Dec 1976<br />
(fl), Sastre & Reaichel D. 5060 (P); Rio Caqueta, Araracuara,<br />
7 Jan 1977 (fl), Sastre & Reaichel D. 5178 (NY,<br />
P).<br />
2-105. Licania steyermarkii Maguire, Fieldiana,<br />
Bot. 28: 254. 1952.<br />
Distribution. Figure 80.<br />
Additional specimens examined. VENEZUELA.<br />
AMAZONAS: Dept. Rio Negro, lower Rio Pacimoni, 8<br />
Feb 1981 (fl), Huber & Medina 5847 (NY, VEN).<br />
BOLiVAR: Between km 251.5 and 253 road El Dorado,<br />
Santa Elena, 4 Jan 1975 (st), Steyermark 111391 (NY);<br />
4.5 km SW of Icabaru, Quebrada Los Brasileros, 16<br />
Dec 1978 (fl), Steyermark et al. 117776 (NY).<br />
2-107. Licania crassivenia Spruce ex Hooker f.,<br />
Fl. bras. 14(2): 14. 1867; Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 137. 1972. Fig. 32.<br />
Until recently this species was known only from<br />
the Spruce type. The material cited below keys<br />
to L. crassivenia and is included there for the<br />
present, but has much larger leaves than the type<br />
(10-13 x 4-5.5 cm as Distr., Falawatra, Nov 1971 (fl), Jimenez-Sda<br />
1549 (holotype, NY; isotype, LBB 14282).<br />
Tree to 26 m tall, the young branches tomentellous<br />
soon becoming glabrous. Leaf lamina oblong-elliptic,<br />
chartaceous, 14-19 x 6-7.5 cm; base<br />
subcuneate, apex acuminate, the acumen 10-18<br />
mm long, glabrous above, densely lanate beneath,<br />
deeply reticulate venation beneath; midrib<br />
impressed above, tomentellous towards base,<br />
prominent beneath; secondary veins 9-11 pairs,<br />
plane above, prominent beneath; petioles 15-20<br />
mm long, weakly canaliculate, shortly tomentellous,<br />
with two to many glands towards base.<br />
Stipules not seen. Inflorescences of terminal and<br />
axillary panicles, ca. 2.5 cm long; rachis and<br />
branches tomentellous. Bracts and bracteoles<br />
ovate-lanceolate, 0.6 mm long, persistent, pubescent.<br />
Flowers 1.5 mm long. Receptacle campanulate,<br />
tomentellous on exterior, tomentose<br />
within; pedicels 0.4 mm long. Calyx lobes five,<br />
tomentose. Petals absent. Stamens seven, unilateral,<br />
included, three large and fertile, four<br />
smaller and sterile; filaments glabrous, free to<br />
base. Ovary lanate-pubescent. Style lanate. Fruits<br />
pyriform, to 5 cm long including stipe of 1.5-2<br />
cm; exocarp velutinous, ferrugineous-pubescent;<br />
mesocarp thin; endocarp 1 mm thick, hard and<br />
fibrous, sparsely hirsute within.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 50). Known only from the<br />
rain forests of Guyana and Surinam.<br />
Additional specimens examined. GUYANA. Murudi<br />
Mts., Mazoa Hill, 2?15'N, 59?10'W, 12 Nov 1982<br />
(fl), Stoffers et al. 30143 (NY, U).<br />
SURINAM. Sipaliwini Savanna area, forest W of<br />
compared to 5-8 x 1.5- Meyers farm, Jan 1970 (fr), Oldenburger et al. 1213<br />
3.8) and a yellow-brown-tomentellous inflores- (NY, U), Oldenburger et al. 1225 (NY, U).<br />
cence rather than gray. The leaves of the Her- Local name. rode kwepi.<br />
ndndez & Dezzeo material are exactly the same This species is most distinct and not easily<br />
shape as those of the type, gradually tapering confused with any other species. The numerous<br />
towards the apex from near to the base; they also axillary inflorescences, and the two types of stahave<br />
the extremely conspicuous stomatal cavi- mens distinguish this species. The larger stamens<br />
ties that are made obvious by the surrounding are fertile, the smaller ones have well-developed<br />
glabrous venation. This could be two different anthers but abortive pollen. Licaniajimenezii is<br />
species but I hesitate to describe another one probably closest to L. alba and L. robusta. It<br />
until further material is collected to show the differs from L. alba in the much smaller bracmorphological<br />
variation.<br />
teoles and flowers, the less conspicuous leaf re-<br />
Additional specimen examined. VENEZUELA. ticulation, the longer petioles, and the stamens,<br />
BOLiVAR: Sorochoroyen, Sifontes Dept., 5?13'N, and from L. robusta in the smaller flowers, the<br />
611 1'W, 20 Apr 1985 (fl), Herndndez & Dezzeo 128 pubescent inflorescence, the glandular petioles,<br />
(MYF, NY).<br />
the caducous stipules, and the impressed midrib.<br />
2-108.1. Licania jimenezii Prance, Acta Ama-<br />
zonica 2(1): 7. 1972. Type. Surinam. Nickerie<br />
2-117. Licania ovalifolia Kleinhoonte, Recueil<br />
Trav. Bot. Neerl. 30: 180. 1933. Fig. 69.
50 Flora Neotropica<br />
Additional specimens examined. SURINAM. Fal-<br />
lawatra, 7 Jan 1972 (st), Jimenez-Sda 1688 (LBB, NY).<br />
BRAZIL. AMAPA: Contagem, Oct-Dec 1976 (st), Rosa<br />
1061 (MG).<br />
2-119.1. Licania stewardii Prance, Brittonia 28:<br />
223, fig. 9. 1976. Type. Brazil. Amazonas:<br />
Manaus-Caracarai Rd., km 130, 13 Feb 1974<br />
(fl), Steward et al. P20251 (holotype, INPA;<br />
isotypes, FHO, NY, US).<br />
Small tree 3-5 m tall, the young branches puberulous,<br />
soon glabrate. Leaf lamina oblong,<br />
chartaceous, 4-8 x 2.2-4 cm, rounded or subcordate<br />
at base, rounded, acute or retuse at apex,<br />
glabrous above with a waxy lanate appressed pubescence<br />
beneath; midrib slightly impressed<br />
above, prominent beneath; primary veins 7-9<br />
pairs, plane above, prominent beneath, the secondary<br />
venation conspicuously reticulate; petioles<br />
1.5-2.5 mm long, terete, eglandular, tomen-<br />
tellous when young. Stipules linear, 2-3 mm long,<br />
persistent, tomentellous, adnate to petioles. Inflorescences<br />
of terminal or subterminal little<br />
branched racemose panicles or simple racemes<br />
2-7 cm long; rachis and branches gray-tomentellous.<br />
Bracts and bracteoles narrowly lanceolate,<br />
1-2 mm long, tomentellous on exterior, persistent.<br />
Flowers 3-3.5 mm long. Receptacle<br />
campanulate, gray-tomentellous on exterior, lanate<br />
within; pedicels 0.25-0.5 mm long. Calyx<br />
lobes five, acute, gray-tomentellous on exterior,<br />
puberulous within. Petals absent. Stamens 9-11,<br />
inserted around complete circle, shorter than calyx<br />
lobes; filaments connate at base, the united<br />
part lanate. Ovary densely lanate. Style equalling<br />
filaments. Fruit unknown.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 80). This species is known<br />
only from the vicinity of the type locality where<br />
it was very common in low campina forest around<br />
a sandstone rock outcrop in an area where the<br />
original forest has now been destroyed.<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL.<br />
AMAZONAS: Manaus-Caracarai Rd., km 130, 16 Dec<br />
1975 (fl), D. Coelho et al. 708 (INPA 54246, NY), 25<br />
Aug 1976 (fl), Davis & D. Coelho 60303 (UEC), 13 Feb<br />
1974 (fl), A. Loureiro et al. s.n. (INPA 47911, NY), 15<br />
Feb 1974 (fl), INPA 47955 (INPA), 6 Jan 1976 (fl),<br />
Monteiro & Ramos 33 (INPA 54344, NY), 25 May<br />
1974 Rodrigues et al. 9284 (INPA), 22 Mar 1978 (y<br />
fr), N. T. Silva 4578 (MG, NY); km 350, 18 Nov 1977<br />
(fl), Steward 88 (INPA, NY), 14 Feb 1974 (fl), Steward<br />
P20326 (FHO, INPA, NY), 16 Feb 1974 (fl), Steward<br />
P20401 (FHO, INPA, NY), 4 Oct 1977 (fl), Ramos &<br />
D. Coelho 755 (INPA).<br />
2-121.1. Licania tocantina Prance, Acta Ama-<br />
zonica 13: 28. 1983. Type. Brazil. Para: Rio<br />
Tocantins, Tucurui, Breu Branco, 11 May 1978<br />
(fl), M. G. Silva & R. Bahia 3508 (holotype,<br />
MG; isotypes, INPA, NY). Fig. 82.<br />
Tree 20 m tall, the young branches sparsely<br />
puberulous, soon glabrate. Leaf lamina elliptic,<br />
chartaceous, 8-15 x 3.5-7.2 cm, subcuneate at<br />
base, acuminate at apex, the acumen 7-12 mm<br />
long, glabrous above, with stomatal cavities filled<br />
by dense lanate pubescence beneath; midrib plane<br />
or slightly impressed above; petioles 4-6 mm<br />
long, with two large conspicuous glands when<br />
young, canaliculate, tomentellous when young,<br />
becoming glabrous and rugulose with age. Stip-<br />
ules triangular, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 2.5 mm broad<br />
at base, inserted on base of petioles, persistent.<br />
Inflorescences of terminal and subterminal racemose<br />
panicles, the rachis and branches puberulous.<br />
Bracts and bracteoles 1-2 mm long,<br />
triangular, persistent, puberulous on both surfaces.<br />
Flowers ca. 1.5 mm long, sessile on primary<br />
branches of inflorescence. Receptacle campanulate,<br />
sessile, tomentose on exterior and<br />
within. Calyx lobes five, acute, puberulous on<br />
both surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens three, unilateral;<br />
filaments shorter than calyx lobes, glabrous.<br />
Ovary inserted at base of receptacle, pilose.<br />
Style equalling filaments, hirsute threefourths<br />
of length. Fruit pyriform ca. 2 cm long<br />
(5 cm stipe); exocarp ferrugineous-pubescent;<br />
mesocarp thin; endocarp hard, granular, 1 mm<br />
thick.<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. PARA: Rio<br />
Tocantins, Tucurui, Igarap6 Cagancho, 2 Feb 1980 (fl),<br />
Lisboa et al. 1382 (MG, NY), 21 Aug 1980 (fr), Rodrigues<br />
et al. 10259 (INPA).<br />
This species is most closely related to Licania<br />
triandra, from which it differs in the thinner,<br />
chartaceous leaves with deep stomatal cavities<br />
covered by a lanate pubescence, which also ex-<br />
tends over the venation, making the cavities much<br />
less conspicuous than in L. triandra. It also dif-<br />
fers in the broader stipules adnate to the petiole<br />
and in the petiole rather than leaf bases glan-<br />
dular.
Systematic Treatment51<br />
2-124. Licania micrantha Miquel, Stirp. suri-<br />
nam. select. 20. 1850.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 63). This species is wide-<br />
spread in Venezuela, Amazonia, and the Guia-<br />
nas. Its known range has now been extended west<br />
of the Andes from recent collections from Choc6<br />
and Valle in Colombia, and also to Atlantic<br />
coastal Brazil in the forests of Bahia.<br />
2-126.1. Licania aracaensis Prance, Brittonia 28:<br />
223, fig. 10. 1976. Type. Brazil. Amazonas:<br />
Serra Araca, 1?N, 63?W, 10 Feb 1975 (fl), Pires<br />
15027 (holotype, IAN; isotypes, INPA, NY).<br />
Tree 2 m tall, the young branches puberulous,<br />
soon becoming glabrous and lenticellate. Leaf<br />
lamina oblong, conduplicate, coriaceous, 3-5.5<br />
x 2-2.8 cm, subcuneate at base, acute to bluntly<br />
acuminate at apex, the acumen 2-6 mm long,<br />
glabrous above, densely lanate-tomentose beneath;<br />
midrib plane above, prominulous beneath;<br />
primary veins 6-8 pairs, plane above,<br />
prominulous beneath; petioles 3-4 mm long, terete,<br />
sparsely puberulous, eglandular. Stipules<br />
persistent, lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm long, adnate to<br />
base of petiole. Inflorescences terminal and subterminal<br />
racemose panicles, 4-7.5 cm long; rachis<br />
and branches puberulous. Bracts and bracteoles<br />
triangular, persistent, tomentose on<br />
exterior, ca. 0.75 mm long. Flowers ca. 2 mm<br />
long. Receptacle urceolate, sessile, yellow-tomentellous<br />
on exterior, tomentose towards base<br />
and glabrous above on interior. Calyx lobes five,<br />
acute, tomentellous on exterior, puberulous<br />
within. Petals absent. Stamens three, unilateral,<br />
opposite three calyx lobes; filaments glabrous,<br />
shorter than calyx lobes. Ovary tomentose. Style<br />
puberulous, shorter than calyx lobes. Fruit pyr-<br />
iform; exocarp glabrous, wrinkled when dry, the<br />
stipe 5-10 mm in dry fruit.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 25). This species is appar-<br />
ently endemic to the summit of the sandstone<br />
mountain Serra Araca at about 1000 m, flow-<br />
ering in February.<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL.<br />
AMAZONAS: Serra Araca, 1 Feb 1978 (fr), Rosa & Lira<br />
2337 (IAN, NY), 22 Feb 1984 (fr), Tavares et al. 114<br />
(INPA, NY).<br />
Additional specimens examined. COLOMBIA.<br />
CHOCO: Rio Fujiad6, afluente del Rio San Juan, 4?36'N, 2-128. Licania bracteata<br />
76?54'W, 7 Apr 1979 (fl), Forero et al. 4788 Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
(COL,<br />
MO). VALLE: Mun. Buenaventura, Concesi6n Cart6n Monogr. 9:155. 1972.<br />
de Colombia, 15 Nov 1979 (fl), van Rooden et al. 358<br />
Distribution<br />
(NY, U), 6 Dec 1979 (fl), van Rooden et al. 553 (Fig. 29). This species was de-<br />
(NY,<br />
U).<br />
scribed from considerable material from the vi-<br />
BRAZIL. BAHIA: Mun. Una, Maruim, 28 Apr 1981 cinity of Manaus, Brazil, where it is quite com-<br />
(st), Mori et al. 13774 (CEPEC, NY), 1 May 1981 (st), mon in the forests on terra firme. Recently it has<br />
Mori et al. 13884 (NY), 13 May 1981 (st), Mori et al. also been collected in Peru.<br />
14000 (NY); Esta;ao Experimental Lemos Maia, 24<br />
Oct 1980 (fr), Rylands 42/80 (NY), 11 Nov 1980 (st), Additional specimens examined. PERU. LORETO: Rio<br />
Rylands 56/80 (NY).<br />
Nanay, Santa Maria, 30 May 1963 (fl, fr), Ar6stegui V.<br />
105 (US); Rio Nanay, 28 Oct 1965 (fl), A. G. Ruiz 224<br />
(NY, US).<br />
Local name. Peru: parinari.<br />
2-130.1. Licania lamentanda Prance, sp. nov.<br />
Type. Brazil. Bahia: Municipality of Ilheus, 4<br />
km N of Oliven9a on road to Ilheus, 19 Apr<br />
1981 (fl), S. A. Mori et al. 13673 (holotype,<br />
CEPEC; isotype, NY). Fig. 12.<br />
Species sectione Licania pertinens. Folia 12-<br />
16.5 cm longa, petiolo 1.1-1.5 cm longo, velu-<br />
tino-tomentello. Flores 4.5-5.5 mm longi, sta-<br />
minibus 6-7, ovario densissime tomentoso.<br />
Tree, the young branches shortly tomentellous,<br />
becoming glabrous with age. Leaf lamina ob-<br />
long-elliptic, coriaceous, 12-16.5 x 6-8.5 cm,<br />
subcuneate to rounded at base, rounded to apic-<br />
ulate at apex, glabrous above, with a short ap-<br />
pressed-lanate brown pubescence beneath; mid-<br />
rib prominulous above, prominent beneath;<br />
primary veins 10-12 pairs, prominulous above,<br />
prominent beneath, secondary venation promi-<br />
nulous, ca. more or less parallel at 90? to primary<br />
veins; petioles 1.1-1.5 cm long, velutinous-to-<br />
mentellous, terete or weakly canaliculate above,<br />
eglandular. Stipules caducous (not seen). Inflo-<br />
rescences of racemose panicles, 10-14 cm long,<br />
the rachis and branches shortly tomentellous.<br />
Bracts and bracteoles membranous, persistent,
52 Flora Neotropica<br />
F.in(t3A, ;Clwr,foeeo. ai;B efudr<br />
3 cnr.l \I ~~~s~~llj Illit 'CV<br />
I 111<br />
I , . . . . . . . .<br />
FIG. 12. Licania lamentanda (Mori et al. 13673). A, habit; B, leaf undersurface; C, flower; D, flower section.
Systematic Treatment 53<br />
ovate, 1.5-3 mm long, tomentellous on exterior, Distribution (Fig. 56). This species, common<br />
puberulous within. Flowers 4.5-5.5 mm long. along river margins in the Guianas and northern<br />
Receptacle campanulate, 3.5 mm long, tomen- Para, has recently been found to be disjunct in<br />
tellous on exterior, tomentose within, subsessile. Atlantic Coastal Brazil, where it also grows on<br />
Calyx lobes five, acute, triangular, ca. 1.5 mm river margins. This adds yet another Amazolong,<br />
tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals ab- nian-Bahian disjunct, similar in distribution to<br />
sent. Stamens 6-7, shorter than calyx lobes, in- Licania cymosa which, however, is rarer in Amaserted<br />
around three-fourths of a circle. Ovary zonia.<br />
extremely densely tomentose, thick-walled. Style Additional<br />
pubescent on lower portion, glabrous above. Fruit<br />
specimen examined. BRAZIL. BAHIA: Rio<br />
Sto. Antonio, Mun. Andarai, 19 Jun 1984 (fl), Hatschellipsoid,<br />
5-6.5 mm long x 4-4.5 cm broad; bach & Kummrow 48068 (MBM, NY).<br />
exocarp densely velutinous tomentellous; pericarp<br />
hard, woody, ca. 6 mm thick, lanate within.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 53). Restinga on 2-135.1. Licania nelsonii<br />
sandy soil,<br />
Prance, sp. nov. Type.<br />
25 m altitude, growing with many individuals of Brazil. Amazonas: 3 km south of Serra Araca,<br />
piaCaba palm in Bahia.<br />
0?49'N, 63?19'W, 29 Feb 1984 (fl), W. A. Rodrigues<br />
et al. 10501 (holotype, INPA; isotype,<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. BAHIA: NY). Figs. 13, 62.<br />
Mun. Ilheus, Fazenda Barra do Manquinho, km 10<br />
road Pontal-Olivenca, 5 Feb 1982 (fl, fr), L. A. Mattos Species a sectio Licania pertinens, a L. incana<br />
Silva et al. 1440 (CEPEC, NY); Mun. Uruguca, 28 km et L. leptostachya foliis subtus conspicae reti-<br />
NE of Urucuca on road to Serra Grande, 2 Dec 1979<br />
(fr), Mori et al. 13063 culatis, stipulis a base peciolarum adnatis, re-<br />
(CEPEC, NY).<br />
ceptaculo rufo-pubescente, floris dense fascicu-<br />
This most distinct new species is not easily latis, arboribus grandis differt.<br />
confused with others. It differs from related Tree to 30 m tall, the young branches brownspecies<br />
in section Licania in the large flowers and tomentose. Leaf lamina oblong-elliptic, chartaleaves.<br />
The thick-walled ovary with a dense al- ceous to coriaceous, 3-6.5 x 1.8-3.2 cm, roundmost<br />
wall-like covering of hair and the seven ed to slightly subcordate at base, acuminate at<br />
stamens also distinguish it from most species of apex, the acumen 1-3 mm long, densely whitethe<br />
section. The long petioles differentiate it from lanate pubescent beneath; midrib slightly imall<br />
except L. robusta, which has glabrous inflo- pressed above, prominent beneath; primary veins<br />
rescence branches and many other differences. 5-7 pairs, plane to lightly impressed above,<br />
The specific epithet, meaning "fit to be prominent beneath; venation conspicuously remourned,"<br />
is derived from the pitiful state of the ticulate beneath in mature leaves; petioles 1-2<br />
forests of eastern Brazil where most of the ex- mm long, terete, eglandular, tomentose when<br />
citing novelties like this species are lamentably young. Stipules adnate to base of petioles, linear,<br />
on the verge of extinction.<br />
persistent, to 3 mm long. Inflorescences of terminal<br />
and axillary densely crowded spikes, 1-<br />
2-131. Licania lanceolata Prance, Fl. Neotrop. 4.5 cm long, the rachis densely tomentose. Bracts<br />
Monogr. 9:158. 1972.<br />
and bracteoles ovate, persistent, rufous-pubes-<br />
Distribution (Fig. 53). This species, common cent, ca. 1 mm long. Flowers ca. 2 mm long,<br />
in the Venezuelan Amazonian savannas, is acsessile<br />
and densely clustered along inflorescence<br />
tually more widespread. It has now been colrachis.<br />
Receptacle campanulate, sessile, rufous<br />
lected in the savannas of Roraima, Brazil, an<br />
tomentose on exterior, tomentose within. Calyx<br />
interesting distribution that is seen for a number<br />
lobes five, acute, cream when fresh, rufous-toof<br />
different species, for example Barcella odora<br />
mentose on exterior when dry, pale brown-to-<br />
(Trail) Drude<br />
mentose on interior. Petals absent. Stamens five,<br />
(Arecaceae).<br />
inserted opposite three calyx lobes; filaments<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. RORAIMA: shorter than calyx lobes, free, glabrous. Ovary<br />
Manaus-Caracarai Rd., km 530, in basin of Rio Ana- inserted at base of receptacle, densely pilose. Fruit<br />
ua, 12 Feb 1979 (fl), Rodrigues et al. 10129 (INPA). unknown.<br />
Habitat. Igap6 forest in sandy soil.<br />
2-134. Licania leptostachya Bentham, J. Bot.<br />
(Hooker) 2: 220. 1840.<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. AMAZONAS:
54 Flora Neotropica<br />
~i c, B. n<br />
FIG. 13. Licania nelsonii (Rodrigues 10501). A, habit; B, leaf undersurface; C, inflorescence; D, flower and<br />
bracteole; E, flower section; F, ovary; G, <strong>flora</strong>l diagram.<br />
3 km south of Serra Araca, 0?49'N, 63?19'W, 16 Mar<br />
1984 (fl), Miralha 67 (INPA, NY).<br />
This species belongs to section Licania and is<br />
most closely related to L. incana and L. leptostachya.<br />
It is a much larger tree than either of<br />
those species and differs in the densely crowded<br />
inflorescences with a rufous pubescence when dry,<br />
in the stipules which are adnate to the petioles<br />
rather than axillary, in the leaves which are<br />
broadest quite near to their base, and in the conspicuously<br />
reticulate leaf undersurface.<br />
This species is named for Bruce Walker Nel-<br />
son, whose work in Brazil has made possible the<br />
Projeto Flora Amazonica series of expeditions,<br />
one of which collected the material of this new<br />
species.<br />
2-136. Licania paraensis Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 163. 1972.<br />
This poorly known species was described from<br />
material collected near Santarem, Brazil (Ducke
Systematic Treatment55<br />
RB 18818) and in Pando, Bolivia (Prance et al.<br />
6532) (Fig. 70). One collection from Manaus,<br />
originally assigned to this species, belongs to Li-<br />
cania impressa Prance. Rodrigues & Loureiro<br />
7236 (INPA 15798) is actually the latter species.<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. PARA: Rio<br />
Jari, Monte Dourado, 30 Nov 1978 (fl), Santos 444<br />
(MG, NY); Estrada Caracaru to Munguba, 17 Oct 1969<br />
(fl), N. T. Silva 2826 (NY).<br />
2-137. Licania vaupesiana Killip & Cuatrecasas,<br />
Fieldiana, Bot. 27: 105. 1951.<br />
2-144.1. Licania harlingii Prance, Fl. Ecuador<br />
10: 9-10, fig. 2. 1979. Type. Ecuador. Napo:<br />
Ca. 6 km S of Puerto Napo, 8 Apr 1969 (fl),<br />
H. Lugo S. 1054 (holotype, GB; isotype, NY).<br />
Tree to 26 m tall, the young branches puberulous,<br />
soon becoming glabrous and lenticellate<br />
with age. Leaf lamina ovate-elliptic, chartaceous,<br />
7-10 x 3-5 cm, subcuneate at base, acuminate<br />
at apex, the acumen 8-12 mm long, glabrous<br />
above, densely lanate-pubescent below with<br />
puberulous conspicuous venation; midrib slightly<br />
impressed above, prominent beneath; secondary<br />
veins 8-11 pairs, plane above, impressed be-<br />
plorama Camp, Rio Amazonas, 14 Jul 1983 (st), Gentry<br />
et al. 43029 (MO, NY). SAN MARTIN: Distrito Tocache<br />
Nuevo, Quebrada de Cachiyacu, 500-600 m, 9<br />
May 1975 (fl), Schunke V. 8439 (MO, NY).<br />
This species is close to Licania blackii of east-<br />
ern Amazonia, it differs in the small axillary,<br />
caducous stipules, the greater number of primary<br />
veins, and the shorter, darker pubescence of the<br />
flowers. It is also close to the Venezuelan L. crue-<br />
geriana, but differs in the larger leaves with a<br />
more acuminate apex, the smaller stipules, and<br />
the laxer, less branched inflorescence.<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. AMAZONAS:<br />
Mun. Serrinha, igarap6 de Serrinha, 12 Nov 1977 (fl), 2-145. Licania cruegeriana Urban, Symb. An-<br />
Damido 2637 (INPA).<br />
till. 5: 352. 1908.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 34). Common in Trinidad<br />
and northern Venezuela, this species is also dis-<br />
junct in Panama.<br />
Additional specimens examined. PANAMA. COLON:<br />
23 Feb 1968 (fr), Duke 15256 (MO, NY). PANAMA: 5-<br />
6 mi N of El Llano, 8 Sep 1972 (fl), Gentry 5800 (MO,<br />
NY).<br />
2-146. Licania belemii Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 172. 1972.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 27). This species was described<br />
from a single specimen from Belmonte<br />
in Bahia. It appears still to be quite common in<br />
neath; petioles 5-6 mm long, tomentellous, terete. the forests of eastern Brazil since several new<br />
Stipules small, ca. 1 mm, axillary, caducous. In- collections have been made there.<br />
florescences of terminal racemose panicles, the Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. BAHIA:<br />
rachis and branches yellow-brown, puberulous. Between Uruguca and Serra Grande, 16 Jul 1978 (y<br />
Bracts and bracteoles small, triangular-hastate, fr), Mori et al. 10252 (CEPEC, NY); Niicleo Colonial<br />
persistent, tomentellous on exterior. Flowers ca. de Una, between BR 101 Sao Jose and BA 265, 29 Oct<br />
1978 (fr), Mori & Thompson 11033 (CEPEC, NY);<br />
1.5 mm long, borne solitary along primary Una, Fazenda Sao Rafael, 16 Dec 1968 (fl), Santos 320<br />
branches of inflorescence. Receptacle globose, (NY); Camaca, estrada Rio Branco, 28 Jan 1971 (fl),<br />
sessile, brown-tomentellous on exterior, lanate Santos 1444 (NY). ESPIRITO SANTO: Linares, Reserva<br />
within. Calyx lobes acute, tomentellous on both CVRD, 11 Jan 1979 (fl), Foli 61/79 (INPA); Rio Doce,<br />
surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens 5-6, slightly uni- Lag6a do Durao, 14 May 1934 (fr), Kuhlmann 208<br />
(RB 35360).<br />
lateral; filaments free, shorter than calyx lobes,<br />
glabrous. Ovary inserted at base of receptacle, Local names. oiti, milho-torrado-amarelo.<br />
tomentellous. Style equalling filaments, glabrous<br />
or with a few hairs only. Fruit not seen. 2-148. Licania veneralensis Cuatrecasas, Field-<br />
Distribution (Fig. 43). Western Amazonia, in iana, Bot. 27: 109. 1951; Prance, Brittonia 28:<br />
Ecuador and Peru.<br />
212-215. 1976.<br />
Additional specimens examined. ECUADOR. NAPO: This species, poorly known at the time of the<br />
Apuya, ca. 6 km S of Puerto Napo, 6 Apr 1969 (fl), monograph, has been described in detail (Prance,<br />
Lugo S. 1039 (GB, NY). PERU. MADRE DE DIOS: Prov.<br />
Manu, Cerro de Pantiacolla, Rio Palatoa, 13 Dec 1985<br />
1976), and several additional collections have<br />
(fl), Foster 10996 (F, NY); Tambopata, Rio Tambonow<br />
been studied. It has now been shown to<br />
pata, 12?49'S, 18 Feb 1984 (fl), Gentry et al. 45582 belong to the L. durifolia complex, see p. 20.<br />
(MO, NY). LORETO: Maynas Prov. Yanamono Ex- Distribution. Figure 85.
56<br />
2-149. Licania amapaensis Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 174. 1972. Fig. 23.<br />
Inflorescence paniculate, the flowers borne in<br />
small cymules on short secondary branches.<br />
Young fruit ovoid, densely ferrugineous-veluti-<br />
nous-tomentose, longitudinally striate when dry;<br />
Flora Neotropica<br />
Additional specimens examined. COLOMBIA. mesocarp thin and fleshy; endocarp hard, 1.5<br />
CHOCO: Cabo Corrientes, Rio Parguera, 27 May 1974 mm thick in young fruit, glabrous within.<br />
(st), Warner 299 (COL). NARI/O: Tumaco, vic. of Sa- This<br />
lahonda, 5 Jul 1955 (fr), Romero C. 5270 (COL). vALLE:<br />
very distinct species with large stipules<br />
Bajo Calima, 9 May 1961 (fl bud), Cabrera R. 553 was described from a single specimen with young<br />
(COL), 18 Jul 1961 (fl), Cabrera R. 600 (COL). flower buds only. A recent collection, while also<br />
only in bud, does have fruit and also adds to<br />
inflorescence characters.<br />
Additional specimens examined. FRENCH<br />
GUIANA. Sail, Monts La Fum6e, 4 Nov 1982 (st),<br />
Mori & Boom 15161 (NY).<br />
BRAZIL. TERR. AMAPA: Agua Fria, 23 Oct 1979 (fl,<br />
fr), Austin et al. 7180 (MG, NY). PARA: Belem, 2 Mar<br />
1955 (st), T. N. Guedes 311 (IAN).<br />
3. Parinari Aublet<br />
Key to the American Species of Parinari<br />
1. Stipules (5-)10-40 mm long, persistent, semiamplexicaul.<br />
2. Leaf base subcordate to cordate, the apex blunt; inflorescence densely crowded. 3.1. P. alvimii.<br />
2. Leaf base rounded to acute, the apex acuminate, inflorescence laxer.<br />
3. Young branches with short soft pubescence; leaf base rounded to cordate. 1. P. campestris.<br />
3. Young branches with dense stiff ferrugineous-brown hairs; leaf base cuneate to subcuneate.<br />
3. P. rodolphii.<br />
1. Stipules small, 1-4 mm long, caducous, axillary and not clasping stem.<br />
4. Leaf undersurface white-lanate, the pubescence obscuring the stomatal cavities; subshrub or small<br />
shrub. 16. P. obtusifolia.<br />
4. Leaf undersurface with gray-brown pubescence not entirely obscuring the stomatal cavities; large<br />
shrubs or trees.<br />
5. Midrib distinctly impressed on leaf upper surface for entire length.<br />
6. Leaf apex rounded to apiculate or bluntly acuminate on some leaves, with acumen to 3 mm<br />
long; primary leaf veins 9-20 pairs.<br />
7. Leaves orbicular to broadly elliptic, 2.5-6 cm long, 1.5-4.5 cm broad, the primary veins<br />
9-14 pairs.<br />
10. P. maguirei.<br />
7. Leaves elliptic, 6.5-7.5 cm long, 3-4 cm broad, the primary veins 15-20 pairs.<br />
11. P. littoralis.<br />
6. Leaf apex with a well-developed acumen 7-15 mm long; primary leaf veins 21-30 pairs.<br />
8. Leaves 9-17 cm long; petioles usually with two pairs of glands; flowers 6-9 mm long;<br />
primary leaf veins more than 3 mm apart.<br />
2. P. montana.<br />
8. Leaves 2-7.5 cm long; petioles without distinct glands; flowers 5-6 mm long; primary leaf<br />
veins 1-2 mm apart.<br />
12. P. parvifolia.<br />
5. Midrib impressed only on lower portion of upper surface, or not impressed.<br />
9. Leaf base distinctly cordate or subcordate.<br />
10. Leaves ovate, the acumen 10-12 mm long; petioles 6-12 mm long, glandular; inflorescences<br />
much-branched, 5-6 cm long.<br />
13. P. cardiophylla.<br />
10. Leaves oblong, the acumen 1-3 mm long; petioles 3-4 mm long, eglandular; inflorescences<br />
little-branched, 2-4 cm long.<br />
17. P. romeroi.<br />
9. Leaf base rounded to cuneate.<br />
11. Primary leaf veins 28-35. 14. P. parilis.<br />
11. Primary leaf veins 12-26.<br />
12. Inflorescence a dense many-flowered corymbose panicle.<br />
13. Inflorescence and flowers with yellow-brown pubescence; leaf apex acute or<br />
short-acuminate, the acumen 0-4 mm long; young branches with short pubescence<br />
only. 5. P. occidentalis.<br />
13. Inflorescence and flowers with silver-gray pubescence; leaf apex with acumen<br />
8-13 mm long; young branches with both short pubescence and long stiff hairs.<br />
9. P. klugii.<br />
12. Inflorescence a lax panicle, not corymbose.<br />
14. Leaf ovate, with a well-developed slender acumen 9-16 mm long. 6. P. sprucei.<br />
14. Leaf elliptic to oblong-lanate, the acumen 0-12 mm long.
Systematic Treatment 57<br />
Additional Notes and Descriptions<br />
of Species of Parinari<br />
15. Primary veins 22-26 pairs; leaves 7.5-16 cm long.<br />
16. Upper surface of midrib slightly prominent; petioles terete.<br />
8. P. brasiliensis.<br />
16. Upper surface of midrib slightly impressed on lower portion; petioles<br />
canaliculate. 15. P. chocoensis.<br />
15. Primary veins 16-21 pairs; leaves 3-9.5 cm long.<br />
17. Young petioles canaliculate; leaf reticulation prominent on upper surface.<br />
7. P. pachyphylla.<br />
17. Young petioles terete; leaf reticulation inconspicuous on upper surface.<br />
4. P. excelsa.<br />
The distribution of Parinari as a whole is shown<br />
in Figure 86.<br />
3-3.1. Parinari alvimii Prance, Revista Brasil.<br />
Bot. 2: 37, fig. 6. 1979. Type. Brazil. Bahia:<br />
Una, Fazenda Sao Rafael, 29 Oct 1969 (fl), T.<br />
S. dos Santos 457 (holotype, CEPEC; isotypes,<br />
FHO, NY).<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL: BAHIA: 8<br />
km S of Itacare, 16 Oct 1968 (fl), Almeida & T. S. dos<br />
Santos 164 (CEPEC, NY); 2 km S of Itacare, 14 Jun<br />
1972 (fl), T. S. dos Santos 2305 (CEPEC, NY); 28 km<br />
from Urucuca on rd. to Serra Grande, 15 Jul 1978 (fl),<br />
Mori et al. 10243 (CEPEC, NY); Bom Gosto, Ilheus,<br />
Mar 1943 (st), Fr6es 12711/80 (A).<br />
Local name. oiti-mirim.<br />
Parinari alvimii differs from all species of Par-<br />
inari, except P. rodolphii and P. campestris, in<br />
its large, amplexicaul stipules. It is quite different<br />
from these two species in the inflorescence, which<br />
Tree to 20 m tall, the young branches densely is compact and smaller with densely crowded<br />
ferrugineous-tomentose, becoming glabrous and flowers, in the larger flowers, and the leaf shape,<br />
conspicuously lenticellate with age. Leaf lamina cordate at base and blunt at apex. Parinari aloblong<br />
to ovate, coriaceous, 5-12 x 4-10 cm, vimii differs from P. littoralis in the stipules, the<br />
subcordate to cordate at base, rounded to very larger leaves, the thicker, rufous petioles, the<br />
bluntly acute at apex glabrous above except on larger bracts and flowers, and the denser inflomidrib,<br />
tomentose and with stomatal cavities rescences. It differs from two eastern Brazilian<br />
obscured by dense pubescence beneath, fre- species, P. excelsa and P. brasiliensis, in the stipquently<br />
with two glands at junction with petiole, ules and bracts, the leaf shape, and the compact<br />
midrib prominent beneath, slightly impressed and inflorescence.<br />
tomentose above; primary veins 17-25 pairs, extremely<br />
prominent beneath, impressed above; 3-9. Parinari klugii Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monopetioles<br />
3-8 mm long, tomentose, terete. Stipules gr. 9: 190. 1972.<br />
20-35 mm long, semiamplexicaul, persistent,<br />
membranous, exterior pilose-tomentose at cen- Fruit narrowly oblong, 4-6 x 2.2-2.5 cm; exoter<br />
of base, gray-lanate over rest of surface, but carp minutely lenticellate; mesocarp thin, fleshy;<br />
with a few pilose appressed hairs, glabrous with- endocarp hard and fibrous, pubescent within.<br />
in. Inflorescences of terminal and subterminal Distribution (Fig. 88). This species was dedense-flowered<br />
panicles, 3-5 cm long, the rachis scribed from a single collection from the Deand<br />
branches light brown tomentose. Bracts to partment of San Martin, Peru. Recent collections<br />
1 cm long, persistent, ferrugineous, tomentose indicate that it is quite common in Loreto Deon<br />
exterior, enclosing flower buds in small groups. partment.<br />
Receptacle subcampanulate-turbinate, brown- Habitat. It occurs on riverside temporarily<br />
tomentose on exterior, tomentose within. Petals flooded forests and upland terra firme.<br />
five, white, slightly shorter than calyx lobes. Stamens<br />
5-7, unilateral, with short tooth-like stam- Representative additional specimens examined.<br />
inodes opposite them. Ovary and lower two- PERU. AMAZONAS: Huambisha, Rio Santiago, below<br />
thirds of style densely pilose. Fruit unknown. Caterpiza, 20 Nov 1979 (fr), Tunqui 105 (MO, NY).<br />
LORETO: Prov. Requena, Rio Ucayali, Arboretum Je-<br />
Distribution (Fig. 87). Known only from coast- naro Herrera, Jul-Sep 1976 (fl), Bernardi 16334 (G,<br />
al Bahia.<br />
NY); Rio Tacsha, Curaray, 19 Sep 1972 (fl), Croat<br />
Habitat. Littoral forest.<br />
20443 (MO, NY); Rio Itaya nr. Palo Seca, 20 Mar
58 Flora Neotropica<br />
1977 (fr), Gentry et al. 18466 (MO, NY). MADRE DE<br />
DIOS: Rio Manfi, Pakitza Station, 19 Nov 1980 (fr),<br />
Foster 5774 (F).<br />
Local name. yakuku.<br />
3-10. Parinari maguirei Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 190. 1972, descr. emend. Type.<br />
Guyana. Kaieteur Savannas, 11 May 1944 (fr),<br />
Maguire & Fanshawe 23390 (holotype, NY;<br />
isotypes, F, M, US).<br />
(Steyermark et al. 117792). However, there is no<br />
reason to believe that this represents any diversification<br />
since neither collection has a complete,<br />
intact inflorescence. The flowers of this species<br />
are typical for any Parinari, the only notable feature<br />
being the extremely long pubescence of the<br />
style.<br />
3-11. Parinari littoralis Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Mongr. 9: 191. 1972.<br />
Tree to 15 m tall, the young branches tomen- Distribution (Fig. 88). This distinct species was<br />
tellous, becoming glabrous with age. Leaf lamina described from a single collection from Marau,<br />
orbicular to elliptic, coriaceous, 2.5-6 cm x 1.5- Bahia. It appears to be confined to a small area<br />
4.5 cm, rounded to subcordate at base, rounded of the coastal restinga forests of Bahia.<br />
to apiculate at apex, glabrous above, tomentose<br />
Additional<br />
and with stomatal cavities beneath; midrib<br />
specimens examined. BRAZIL. BAHIA:<br />
Belmonte to Itapebi Rd., km 21, 18 May 1979 (fl),<br />
slightly impressed on upper surface, prominent Mattos Silva et al. 386 (CEPEC, NY); Marau, 3 Aug<br />
beneath; primary veins 9-14 pairs, plane above, 1967 (fl), da Vinha 12 (NY); 5 km S of Marai (fl), Mori<br />
prominent beneath; petioles 2-6 mm long, terete,<br />
& Carvalho 12001 (CEPEC, NY); Ilh6us, 21 km from<br />
tomentose. Stipules axillary, lanceolate, 1-3 mm Olivenqa, 25 Oct 1972 (fl), Pinheiro 1948 (NY).<br />
long, caducous. Inflorescences of terminal and Local name. oiti.<br />
subterminal panicles to 8 cm long, the rachis and The field notes of Mori & Carvalho 12001 note<br />
branches gray-brown-tomentellous. Receptacle that "the fruits are covered by billions of black<br />
subcampanulate-turbinate, tomentose on exte- bees (Melipona) which remove the pericarp."<br />
rior, densely pilose within and around throat and<br />
sparsely puberulous at base; pedicels 0.5 mm 3-14. Parinari parilis Macbride, Candollea 5:<br />
long. Petals five, equalling calyx lobes. Stamens 367. 1934.<br />
6-7, unilateral, with short tooth-like staminodes<br />
opposite them. Ovary inserted at mouth of re-<br />
This species, known in 1972 only by two colceptacle,<br />
pilose; style long-hirsute. Fruit elliplections,<br />
the holotype and a paratype, has now<br />
soid, 4-5 cm x 3-3.5<br />
been re-collected several times<br />
cm; exocarp verrucose;<br />
(Fig. 91).<br />
mesocarp thin, fleshy; endocarp hard, thick, ex-<br />
Habitat. It appears to be confined to the seaternally<br />
fibrous and granular, densely lanate sonally flooded tahuampa forest.<br />
within.<br />
Representative additional specimens examined.<br />
PERU. LORETO: Rio Mazan above La Libertad, 10 Jul<br />
Distribution (Fig. 90). Venezuela and Guyana 1976 (fl), Gentry & Revilla 16638 (MO, NY); Rio Naon<br />
the plateau shared by these two countries. nay opposite Santa Clara, 7 Apr 1977 (fr), Gentry 19094<br />
Habitat. Collected in savanna margin and gal- (MO, NY); Rio Napo, Quebrada de Zucusari, 5 Apr<br />
1979<br />
lery forest.<br />
(fr), Rimachi Y. 4378 (NY); Rio Loreto-Yacu, 10<br />
km from Colombian frontier, 6 Feb 1969 (fl), Sastre<br />
Additional specimens examined. VENEZUELA. & Echeverry 641 (P); Rio Tacsha, Curaray, 12 Sep 1972<br />
BOLiVAR: E of Icabaru, 18 Dec 1978 (fl), Steyermark (fl), Croat 20367 (AAU, MO); Rio Yaguasyaca, tribet<br />
al. 117792 (NY, VEN), 18 Dec 1978 (fl, fr), Stey- utary of Rio Ampiyacu, 7 Nov 1977 (fr), Gentry &<br />
ermark et al. 117824 Revilla 20371<br />
(NY, VEN).<br />
(MO, NY).<br />
This species, described from two fruiting col-<br />
Local names. parinari, parinari blanco.<br />
lections from Guyana, has now been collected in<br />
flower in nearby Venezuela. The new collections<br />
have characteristic small orbicular leaves with a<br />
3-15. Parinari chocoensis Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 194. 1972.<br />
blunt apex which distinguish it from all other<br />
<strong>neotropica</strong>l species of Parinari. The inflorescence<br />
is rather lax in one collection (Steyermark et al.<br />
117824) and compact and clustered in the other<br />
Distribution (Fig. 88). This species, described<br />
from a single collection from the Rio Baudo in<br />
Choc6, Colombia, has now been collected in the<br />
Rio San Juan region of the same department.
Systematic Treatment 59<br />
Additional specimens examined. COLOMBIA.<br />
CHOCO: Hoya del Rio San Juan, Quebrada Cunperro,<br />
below Noanama, 8 Apr 1979 (fr), Forero et al. 4862<br />
(COL, MO, NY); basin of Rio San Juan, Rio Taparal,<br />
Nov-Dec 1979 (fr), van Rooden et al. 586 (COL, MO,<br />
NY).<br />
3-17. Parinari romeroi Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 400. 1972.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 92). This species, described<br />
4. Exellodendron Prance<br />
from two collections from the Department of<br />
Narifto, Colombia, is now also known from the<br />
nearby forests of Esmeraldas, Ecuador.<br />
Additional specimen examined. ECUADOR. ESME-<br />
RALDAS: Borb6n, 8 Sep 1965 (fr), Little & Dixon 21014<br />
(NY, US).<br />
Local name. cuero de sapo.<br />
The distribution of the genus is shown in Figure 93, that of Exellodendron barbatum and E.<br />
cordatum in Figure 94, and E. coriaceum, E. gardneri, and E. gracile in Figure 95.<br />
4-5. Exellodendron<br />
gracile (Kuhlmann) Prance,<br />
Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 200. 1972.<br />
This most distinctive species of Exellodendron<br />
was known only by the fruiting type in Prance<br />
(1972). It is obviously now very rare, since it<br />
occurs only in the much destroyed forest of Es-<br />
pirito Santo, Brazil. A new collection shows that<br />
E. gracile has flowers typical of the genus.<br />
5-1. Maranthes panamensis (Standley) Prance &<br />
White, Brittonia 37: 76. 1985. Fig. 153.<br />
5. Maranthes Blume<br />
Distribution. This species was placed in synonymy<br />
under the Malesian Maranthes corymbosa<br />
by Prance (1972) and appeared to be restricted<br />
to Cerro Jefe in Panama in this<br />
hemisphere. It has now been collected in the<br />
province of Heredia in Costa Rica and in Nicaragua,<br />
and so, like Licania affinis, occurs in these<br />
moist forested areas of Central America. This<br />
confirms that M. panamensis is native to Central<br />
America and not introduced, as originally suggested<br />
by Prance (1968). The good material now<br />
available confirms that the single <strong>neotropica</strong>l<br />
6. Couepia Aublet<br />
Revised Key to Species of Couepia<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. ESPiRITO<br />
SANTO: Reserva Florestal Linhares, Estrada 161, 22<br />
Jan 1973 (fl), Spada 151 (INPA, RB 162365).<br />
Local name. guaiti-mirim.<br />
This is noted as a tree 34 m tall of the "mata<br />
de taboleiro."<br />
species of this otherwise African and Malesian<br />
genus is quite distinct.<br />
Additional specimens examined. NICARAGUA.<br />
ZELAYA: Rio Barbereba, 5 km from Nueva Guinea,<br />
16?47'N, 84?29'W, 27 Aug 1982 (fr), Araquistain 3149<br />
(MO).<br />
COSTA RICA. HEREDIA: Finca la Selva, Rio Puerto<br />
Viejo, 25 Feb 1982 (fl), Hammel 11260 (NY), 5 Apr<br />
1982 (fr), Hammel & Schatz 11577 (NY).<br />
PANAMA. PANAMA: Cerro Jefe, 8 Aug 1968 (fr),<br />
Correa & Dressier 958 (MO, NY), 29 Jul 1967 (fr),<br />
Dwyer & Gauger 7324 (COL); Cerro Azure, 11 Mar<br />
1977 (fl), Folsom et al. 1949 (MO, NY). CANAL ZONE:<br />
Pipeline Rd., 9 km NW of Gamboa, 29 Oct 1973 (fr),<br />
Nee 7675 (MO, NY).<br />
1. Inflorescence a raceme or spike.<br />
2. Leaves prominently reticulate beneath, with conspicuous parallel primary veins; exocarp often tomentellous.<br />
3. Inflorescence with short silver-gray pubescence; receptacle turbinate; bracteoles caducous.<br />
28. C. elata.<br />
3. Inflorescence with dense ferrugineous or gray-puberulous pubescence; receptacle cylindrical to<br />
obconical; bracteoles usually persistent.
60 Flora Neotropica<br />
4. Inflorescence gray puberulous; leaf venation only prominulous; fruit exterior glabrous and<br />
smooth. 6.1. C. bernardii.<br />
4. Inflorescence densely ferrugineous; leaf venation prominent; fruit exterior verrucose or tomentose.<br />
5. Leaf undersurface with distinct stomatal cavities; fruit exterior verrucose. 10. C. foveolata.<br />
5. Leafundersurface reticulate, but without stomatal cavities; fruit exterior usually pubescent,<br />
rarely verrucose.<br />
6. Leaf acumen 5.5-18 mm long; receptacle long and slender, 11-22 mm long. 7. C. parillo.<br />
6. Leaf acumen 1-12 mm long; receptacle short and thick, 3-10 mm long.<br />
7. Inflorescence many-flowered; leaves ovate to oblong-elliptic 8.5-18 cm long.<br />
9. C. canomensis.<br />
7. Inflorescence few-flowered; leaves elliptic, 2-6.5 cm long.<br />
8. Leaves elliptic, 2.7-4 cm broad, lower surface with pubescence not covering<br />
entire surface, the venation conspicuous.<br />
8. C. steyermarkii.<br />
8. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-3.2 cm broad, lower surface with lanate<br />
pubescence covering entire surface and obscuring reticulate venation.<br />
8.1. C. canescens.<br />
2. Leaves not prominently reticulate beneath; fruit exocarp always glabrous, smooth or verrucose.<br />
9. Bracteoles persistent, and at least 3/4 the length of receptacle or more than 10 mm long.<br />
10. Flowers not more than 4 mm long.<br />
14. C. spicata.<br />
10. Flowers 6 mm long or more.<br />
11. Flowers 16-75 mm long; stamens more than 50; leaves 14-26 cm long.<br />
12. Primary leaf veins distinctly anastomosing at margins to form a marginal vein;<br />
leaves with rounded to subcordate bases; receptacle subcylindrical or tubular, 30-<br />
50 mm long.<br />
13. Flowers 16-18 mm long; receptacle subcylindrical, glabrous except for reflexed<br />
hairs at apex; stipules to 15 mm long, caducous. 32. C. insignis.<br />
13. Flowers 60-75 mm long; receptacle tubular, tomentose within almost to base;<br />
stipules 20-35 mm long, persistent.<br />
32.1. C cidiana.<br />
12. Primary leaf veins not anastomosing; leaf base cuneate to rounded; receptacle tubular,<br />
12-15 mm long.<br />
14. Leaves elliptic, 6-10.5 cm broad; primary veins 10-12 pairs; receptacle 20-25<br />
mm long.<br />
30. C. martinii.<br />
14. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3.5-7 cm broad; primary veins 17-25 pairs; receptacle<br />
12-15 mm long.<br />
31. C. bondarii.<br />
11. Flowers 6-12 mm long; stamens 15-28; leaves 6-18 cm long.<br />
15. Leaves 10-18 cm long, caudate-acuminate; exterior of receptacle with red-brown<br />
pubescence; stamens 15-19; style pubescent at base only.<br />
12. C. exflexa.<br />
15. Leaves 6-13 cm long, apex acuminate; exterior of receptacle with light-brown sericeous<br />
pubescence; stamens ca. 25; style pubescent for /4 of length. 13. C. habrantha.<br />
9. Bracteoles caducous or less than half the length of receptacle, under 10 mm long.<br />
16. Receptacle pubescent inside to the base; filaments hirsute; leaves hirsute beneath.<br />
33. C. recurva.<br />
16. Receptacle glabrous inside except at throat; filaments glabrous; leaves with arachnoid indumentum<br />
or glabrous beneath.<br />
17. Stamens less than 40.<br />
18. Receptacle subcylindrical, densely ferrugineous-sericeous.<br />
19. Leaves 2.5-5 cm long; primary veins 8-14 pairs, slightly impressed; petioles<br />
2-5 mm long. 13.1. C. scottmorii.<br />
19. Leaves 7-24 cm long; primary veins 15-20 pairs, plane or slightly impressed;<br />
petioles 6-10 mm long.<br />
20. Leaves narrowly oblong, 7-10 cm long, 2-3.3 cm broad, glabrous beneath;<br />
receptacle light-brown on exterior; stamens ca. 35. 13.2. C. carautae.<br />
20. Leaves broadly oblong, 12-24 cm long, 4.5-8.5 cm broad, ferrugineouslanate-pubescent<br />
beneath; receptacle ferrugineous on exterior; stamens ca.<br />
25. 11. C. magnoliifolia.<br />
18. Receptacle cylindrical, with sparse appressed pubescence only.<br />
21. Leaves obovate, 2.5-10 cm long, bluntly acuminate; bracteoles persistent or<br />
subpersistent; stamens in complete circle. 34. C. obovata.<br />
21. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 9-15 cm long, with long acumen; bracteoles caducous;<br />
stamens unilateral. 1. C. guianensis.<br />
17. Stamens numerous (more than 60).<br />
22. Receptacle glabrous or with sparse appressed gray tomentum on exterior.
Systematic Treatment 61<br />
23. Leaves 9-17 cm long, densely appressed-lanate pubescent beneath; primary<br />
veins 12-15 pairs.<br />
35. C. williamsii.<br />
23. Leaves 5-8 cm long, sparsely pubescent beneath; primary veins 7-10 pairs.<br />
35.2. C. marleneae.<br />
22. Receptacle with dense brown pubescence on exterior.<br />
24. Leaves oblong-lanceolate.<br />
23. C. krukovii.<br />
24. Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic.<br />
25. Primary veins 24-30 pairs.<br />
22. C. macrophylla.<br />
25. Primary veins 16-20 pairs.<br />
26. Leaf apex with prominent well-developed acumen. 36. C. chrysocalyx.<br />
26. Leaf apex rounded to bluntly acuminate. 24. C. latifolia.<br />
1. Inflorescence a panicle.<br />
27. Bracts and bracteoles persistent at flowering, at least half as long as receptacle.<br />
28. Flowers 20-25 mm long; exterior of receptacle and calyx lobes with a long ferrugineous sericeous<br />
pubescence; leaves glabrous (rarely glabrescent) beneath. 37. C. eriantha.<br />
28. Flowers 7-20 mm long; exterior of receptacle shortly brown- to gray-tomentose; leaves arachnoid-pubescent<br />
beneath.<br />
29. Leaves thick and coriaceous; bracteoles always persisting through flowering; rachis of<br />
inflorescence and receptacle longitudinally striate, or if not, petioles 13-18 mm long.<br />
30. Flowers 7-15 mm long; leaf bases subcordate, rarely rounded; rachis and receptacle<br />
with longitudinal striations. 15. C. bracteosa.<br />
30. Flowers 18-22 mm long; leaf bases rounded to subcuneate; rachis and receptacle not<br />
longitudinally striate. 17. C. belemii.<br />
29. Leaves thin and membranous; bracteoles persistent only in bud; rachis and receptacle not<br />
longitudinally striate; petioles 4-8 mm long.<br />
31. Stamens connate at base for at least 1 mm; receptacle tapering to base, subturbinate.<br />
38. C. trapezioana.<br />
31. Stamens free almost to base; receptacle subcylindrical.<br />
16. C. subcordata.<br />
27. Bracts and bracteoles not persistent at flowering, or small and inconspicuous.<br />
32. Interior of receptacle filled with hairs to base.<br />
33. Primary veins 10-15; exterior of receptacle and calyx lobes with sparse appressed pubescence<br />
not completely covering surface. 3. C. paraensis.<br />
33. Primary veins 17-28; exterior of receptacle and calyx lobes densely pubescent, completely<br />
covering surface.<br />
34. Petioles canaliculate above; flowers 12-17 mm long; exterior of receptacle and calyx<br />
lobes with short brown pubescence; stamens 38-40. 19. C. excelsa.<br />
34. Petioles not canaliculate; flowers 8-12 mm long; exterior of receptacle and calyx lobes<br />
with sparse short gray pubescence; stamens 20-35. 18. C. caryophylloides.<br />
32. Interior of receptacle glabrous except for deflexed hairs at throat.<br />
35. Leaf underside completely glabrous; exterior of receptacle usually almost glabrous.<br />
36. Peduncles elongated (30-80 cm long); exterior of calyx lobes with 2 sessile glands.<br />
37. Exterior of receptacle pubescent; calyx tube 14-22 mm long, cylindrical-turbinate;<br />
stamens ca. 32; petioles 4-8 mm long.<br />
41. C. longipendula.<br />
37. Exterior of receptacle glabrous or almost so; calyx tube campanulate, 4-6 mm<br />
long; stamens 16-21; petioles 10-12 mm long.<br />
41.1. C. dolichopoda.<br />
36. Peduncles short (less than 10 cm long); exterior of calyx lobes eglandular.<br />
38. Inflorescence a much-branched corymbose panicle, rachis and branches glabrous;<br />
petioles 1.5-2.5 cm long; stamens 17-20; disc very thick with only small central<br />
cavity.<br />
8-4. Acioa edulis.<br />
38. Inflorescence little or much-branched, not corymbose; rachis and branches sparsely<br />
puberulous; petioles 4-12 mm long; stamens 25-120; disc thin with large central<br />
cavity.<br />
39. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, prominently acuminate; inflorescence<br />
little-branched, almost racemose; petioles 8-12 mm; stamens ca. 110.<br />
35.1. C. glabra.<br />
39. Leaves ovate to elliptic, bluntly acuminate; inflorescence much-branched;<br />
petioles 4-7 mm; stamens 25-45. 3. C. paraensis.<br />
35. Leaf undersurface lanate; exterior of receptacle pubescent.<br />
40. Exterior of receptacle and calyx lobes sparsely appressed-puberulous, the pubescence<br />
not forming a complete covering.<br />
41. Stipules persistent, adnate to the base of petiole; rachis of inflorescence 3-5 mm<br />
thick; petal margins glabrous.<br />
39. C. stipularis.
62 Flora Neotropica<br />
41. Stipules caducous, not adnate to base of petiole; rachis of inflorescence 1-2.5 mm<br />
thick; petal margins ciliate.<br />
42. Leaf undersurface with distinct, prominulous, parallel secondary venation,<br />
90? to primary veins. 6.1. C. bernardii.<br />
42. Leaf undersurface densely lanate pubescent and smooth, venation obscured<br />
beneath pubescence.<br />
43. Leaves bluntly or shortly acuminate to obtuse; receptacle subcampanulate,<br />
3-5 mm thick at top; inflorescence a much-branched panicle.<br />
44. Leaves ovate to oblong, 2.5-8.5 cm broad. 3. C. paraensis.<br />
44. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-4 cm broad. 5. C. maguirei.<br />
43. Leaves prominently acuminate; receptacle cylindrical, ca. 2 mm thick<br />
at top; inflorescence often with only short 2-3 flowered branches.<br />
45. Inflorescences erect, much-branched, predominantly terminal panicles.<br />
1. C. guianensis.<br />
45. Inflorescences little-branched racemose panicles, axillary or predominantly<br />
axillary, but with a small terminal branch.<br />
46. Inflorescences single racemose, reflexed panicles; bracteoles<br />
persistent.<br />
40. C. reflexa.<br />
46. Inflorescences erect, terminal and in the upper 2-6 axils; bracteoles<br />
caducous. 1. C. guianensis.<br />
40. Exterior of receptacle and calyx lobes with dense pubescence forming a complete<br />
covering.<br />
47. Leaf undersurface prominently reticulate.<br />
48. Leaves with deep, well-defined stomatal cavities, 2.5-6 cm long, bluntly acute<br />
at apex.<br />
29.1. C. amaralae.<br />
48. Leaves without stomatal cavities, acuminate at apex, or with poorly defined<br />
shallow cavities, then exceeding 6 cm in length.<br />
49. Receptacle gradually tapering to a long slender pedicel; exterior of receptacle<br />
rufous-pubescent; primary veins not impressed on upper leaf<br />
surface. 42. C. cognata.<br />
49. Receptacle changing abruptly to a short thick pedicel; exterior of receptacle<br />
brown-pubescent; primary veins impressed on upper leaf surface.<br />
29. C. racemosa.<br />
47. Leaf undersurface with plane to prominent venation but not prominently reticulate.<br />
50. Receptacle slightly curved anteriorly in bud.<br />
51. Leaf with midrib much impressed above. 42. C. cognata.<br />
51. Leaf with midrib plane above.<br />
52. Leaves 4-7 cm long; primary veins 7-10. 53. C. pernambucensis.<br />
52. Leaves 9-18.5 cm long; primary veins 12-23.<br />
53. Exterior of receptacle and calyx lobes gray-puberulous; primary<br />
leaf veins 18-23, slightly impressed above. 51. C. impressa.<br />
53. Exterior of receptacle and calyx lobes brown-tomentose; primary<br />
leaf veins 12-14, plane above. 43. C. multi<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
50. Receptacle erect, not curved in bud.<br />
54. Outer surface of petals distinctly pubescent.<br />
55. Leaves 2.5-5.5 cm long; primary veins 5-9.<br />
56. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to oblong, acumen 5-7 mm long, base<br />
cuneate; petioles 5-7 mm long.<br />
55. C. parvifolia.<br />
56. Leaves orbicular to elliptic, acumen 0-3 mm long, base rounded<br />
to cordate; petioles 2 mm long.<br />
20. C. uiti.<br />
55. Leaves (4-)6-16 cm long; primary veins 9-17.<br />
57. Flowers 6-12 mm long; receptacle cylindrical, ca. 2 mm thick<br />
at top below calyx lobes.<br />
58. Inflorescence and flowers densely ferrugineous-sericeous;<br />
flowers 8-12 mm long; petioles 5-10 mm long; receptacle<br />
not striate on exterior. 52. C. meridionalis.<br />
58. Inflorescence and flowers with short gray pubescence; flowers<br />
6-8 mm long; petioles 3-7 mm long; exterior of receptacle<br />
longitudinally striate. 44. C. ulei.<br />
57. Flowers 12-20 mm long; receptacle subcampanulate, 4-6 mm<br />
thick.
Systematic Treatment 63<br />
59. Pedicels 6-15 mm long; exterior of receptacle and calyx<br />
lobes short gray-sordid-I erulent. 21. C. cataractae.<br />
59. Pedicels not exceeding 6 mm in length; exterior of receptacle<br />
and calyx lobes spreading brown-tomentose.<br />
60. Leaves 4-8.5 cm long, 2-3.8 cm broad, rufous-pubescent<br />
beneath, graying with age. 45. C. comosa.<br />
60. Leaves 7.5-18 cm long, 3.5-9 cm broad, gray-pubescent<br />
beneath.<br />
61. Leaves coriaceous, rounded to bluntly acuminate<br />
at apex.<br />
27. C. grandi<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
61. Leaves chartaceous, prominently acuminate.<br />
46. C. venosa.<br />
54. Petals glabrous except for ciliate margins.<br />
62. Receptacle cylindrical or subcylindrical.<br />
63. Inflorescence of densely clustered glomerules; primary leaf veins<br />
impressed above. 52.1. C. coarctata.<br />
63. Inflorescence a loosely branched panicle; primary leaf veins<br />
plane to prominent above.<br />
64. Stamens ca. 35; leaf base subcordate to rounded.<br />
16. C. subcordata.<br />
64. Stamens 15-28; leaf base rounded to cuneate.<br />
65. Flowers borne on distinctly articulated pedicels with<br />
lower part of pedicel persistent after fall of some flowers.<br />
6.2. C. monteclarensis.<br />
65. Pedicels not conspicuously articulated and no part remaining<br />
after flower fall.<br />
66. Leaves 10-16 cm long, rounded at base; primary<br />
veins 14-19 pairs.<br />
67. Receptacle cylindrical, usually glabrous at base<br />
within; stamens ca. 24. 38. C. trapezioana.<br />
67. Receptacle subcylindrical, pubescent within<br />
to base; stamens ca. 16. 47.1. C. nutans.<br />
66. Leaves 4.5-13 cm long, cuneate to rounded at<br />
base; primary veins 8-15 pairs.<br />
68. Receptacle cylindrical; stamens 20-28.<br />
6. C. sandwithii.<br />
68. Receptacle subcylindrical; stamens 11-21.<br />
47. C. polyandra.<br />
62. Receptacle broadly campanulate or turbinate.<br />
69. Stamens 14-20.<br />
70. Leaves ovate, 4-9 cm long; primary veins 11-15; flowers<br />
8-12 mm long; petioles 4-8 mm long. 25. C. ovalifolia.<br />
70. Leaves oblong, 10-18 cm long; primary veins 16-20; flowers<br />
11-15 mm long; petioles 10-15 mm long. 26. C. schottii.<br />
69. Stamens more than 28.<br />
71. Receptacle broadly turbinate, flattened, 3 mm long, almost<br />
solid. 48. C. platycalyx.<br />
71. Receptacle subcampanulate, not flattened, 4-12 mm long,<br />
hollow.<br />
72. Petioles 14-18 mm long; inflorescence densely crowded.<br />
52.2. C. longipetiolata.<br />
72. Petioles 2-10 mm long; inflorescence lax.<br />
73. Leaves 2.5-5.5 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm broad.<br />
20. C. uiti.<br />
73. Leaves 9-27 cm long, 4-12 cm broad.<br />
74. Leaf margins undulate and revolute.<br />
49. C. rufa.<br />
74. Leaf margins plane.<br />
75. Leaf with short and blunt acumen, the<br />
lower surface rufous-pubescent; calyx<br />
lobes rufous-pubescent on exterior and
64 Flora Neotropica<br />
Additional Notes and Descriptions<br />
of Species of Couepia<br />
Distribution of Couepia as a whole is shown<br />
in Figure 96.<br />
yellow-brown-pubescent within.<br />
50. C. robusta.<br />
75. Leaf with finely pointed acumen, 8-14<br />
mm long, the lower surface gray-pubescent;<br />
calyx lobes gray-pubescent on both<br />
surfaces. 54. C. froesii.<br />
In Prance (1981) the circumscription of this<br />
species was changed considerably from that in<br />
Prance (1972). Three species recognized in 1972<br />
were merged and are treated as subspecies of this<br />
now rather well defined but variable species.<br />
6-1. Couepia guianensis Aublet, Hist. pl. Guiane<br />
1: 519, t. 207. 1775. Type. French Guiana. Key ta Subspecies of Couepia guianensis<br />
Aublet s.n. (lectotype, BM).<br />
1. Infloresnces of racemes (rarely with a few short<br />
Acia amara Willdenow, Linn, Sp. pi. ed. 4. 3(1): 7117. branctsB bearing 2 flowers), usually in at least 3<br />
1800.<br />
axils bulw the apex of branch; leaf lamina 9-<br />
Acioa amara Steudel, NomencLf bot. ed. 1. 9. 1821.. 16.3 crmlksng, chartaceous; petioles 6-9 mm long,<br />
Moquilea couepia Steudel, Nomeid. bot. ed. 2.2: 15. receptadleatways narrowly cylindrical. Plants of<br />
1849.<br />
terra firnrm. a. subsp. guianensis.<br />
1. Infloresemmes of panicles, usually only 1 or 2<br />
Tree to 25 m tall, the young branches puber- axils beliw apex; leaf lamina 5-10.5 cm long,<br />
ulous, soon becoming glabrous. Leaf lamina ob- coriaceoussa chartaceous; petioles 3-6 mm long;<br />
receptacle<br />
long to oblong-lanceolate, membranous to coc%lindrical<br />
or subcampanulate. Plants<br />
of terra firme or flooded river banks.<br />
riaceous, 4.5-16.5 x 2.5-5.5 cm, rounded to 2. Leaves chartaceous, the underside glabrous<br />
subcuneate at base, acuminate at apex, the acu- or sparsely pubescent, plants of flooded river<br />
men 5-18 mm long, glabrous above, densely<br />
banks.<br />
grayb.<br />
subsp. glandulosm.<br />
2. Leaves<br />
to brown-lanate, or glabrous, or with a thickLy coriaceous, the undersidte<br />
sparse<br />
densely lanate-lgpuescent, plant ofterra firme:.<br />
caducous pubescence beneath, frequently with<br />
c.. subsp. divaricatm.<br />
two glands atjunction with petioae; primary veiins<br />
10-15 pairs, plane above, prominent beneath;<br />
6-la.<br />
midrib prominulous above, prominent beneath;<br />
Couepia g_i ensis AutIlf subsp. _punensis.<br />
petioles 3-9 mm long, canaliculate<br />
Fig.. isM.<br />
above, pubescent<br />
when young, becoming glabrous and ru- Couepia leptostachyi Bentham ex Hooker f., FR. lmas.<br />
gose with age. Stipules 1-3 mm long, linear, early 14(2): 44.. 1867. Type. Brazil. Amazonas: Maumus<br />
caducous. Inflorescences terminal and (fl), Spruce 15(hiolotype, K; isotypes, BM, Q,GGE,<br />
axillary GOET, LE, M1 NY, OXF, P))<br />
little-branched panicles or racemes, the rachis Couepia IvtolorBenoist, Bull Mus. Hist. NatL (aris)<br />
and branches sparsely puberulous to glabrous. 29: 596. 1923. Type. French Guiana (fl), M&linon<br />
Bracts and bracteoles minute, membranous, s.n. (holotype, P).<br />
ovate, caducous. Receptacle cylindrical to sub- Couepiasurinamensis Kleinhoonte, Recueil Trav. Bot.<br />
Needr 22: 390. 1925.<br />
campanulate, 4.5-10(12) mm long, 1-2.5 mm<br />
Type. Surinam. Sectie O (fl),<br />
B. W. 3080 (lectotype, U; isolectotypes, K, NY).<br />
broad below calyx, sparsely puberulous to glabrous<br />
externally, glabrous within except for de- Leaf lamina chartaceous, 9-16.3 cm long, the<br />
flexed hairs around throat; pedicels 0.5-4 mm lower surface densely lanate-pubescent; petioles<br />
long. Calyx lobes five, rounded, 2-2.5 mm long, 6-9 mm long. Inflorescence mainly of terminal<br />
puberulous or glabrous externally. Petals five, axillary racemes, usually in several axils below<br />
white, ciliate. Stamens 14-30, unilateral, insert- the apex, a few with short branches bearing two<br />
ed around half of a circle with short staminodes or three flowers. Receptacle 7-12 mm long, alopposite<br />
them. Ovary villous. Style pubescent ways narrowly cylindrical. Plants of terra firme.<br />
for at least half its length. Fruit rounded to ovoid,<br />
3-4 cm long, 2.5-3 cm broad; exocarp smooth, 6-lb. Couepia guianensis Aublet subsp. glanglabrous;<br />
mesocarp thin, fleshy; endocarp thin, dulosa (Miquel) Prance, Brittonia 33: 350.<br />
fragile, granular in texture, glabrous within. 1981. Fig. 105.
Systematic Treatment 65<br />
Couepia glandulosa Miquel, Stirp. surinam. select. 28.<br />
1851. Type. Suriname (fl), Hostmann & Kappler 859<br />
(holotype, U; isotypes, BM, GH, GOET, K, LE, M,<br />
P, S).<br />
Moquilea glandulosa (Miquel) Walpers, Ann. 2: 463.<br />
1852.<br />
Couepia myrtifolia Bentham ex Hooker f., Fl. bras.<br />
14(2): 44. 1867. Type. Venezuela. Amazonas: San<br />
Carlos (fl), Spruce 3681 (holotype, K; isotypes, BM,<br />
BR, F, GH, GOET, LD, LE, NY, P).<br />
Leaf lamina chartaceous to thinly coriaceous,<br />
5-10.5 cm long, the lower surface glabrous or<br />
sparsely lanate-pubescent; petioles 3-6 mm long.<br />
Inflorescences of terminal and axillary panicles<br />
with small few-flowered branches, in only one or<br />
two axils below the apex of branch. Receptacle<br />
5-10 mm, subcampanulate to narrowly cylindrical.<br />
Plants of flooded river banks.<br />
6-1c. Couepia guianensis Aublet subsp. divaricata<br />
(Huber) Prance, Brittonia 33: 351.<br />
1981. Fig. 104.<br />
Couepia divaricata Huber, Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist.<br />
Nat. 6: 75. 1910. Type. Brazil. Para: Belem, 14 May<br />
1901 (fl), Huber MG 2030 (holotype, MG; isotype,<br />
BM).<br />
Couepia divaricata Huber var. strictiuscula Huber, Bol.<br />
Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. 6: 76. 1910. Type. Brazil.<br />
Para: Peixe-Boi, Sep 1908 (fl), R. S. Rodrigues MG<br />
8274 (lectotype, MG; isolectotypes, BM, P, RB 15104,<br />
neate at base, apiculate at apex, the acumen 2-<br />
8 mm long, glabrous above, with a short appressed-lanate<br />
caducous pubescence beneath,<br />
midrib prominent on both surfaces, primary veins<br />
12-14 pairs, plane above, prominent beneath,<br />
secondary venation prominulous, more or less<br />
parallel and 90? to primary veins; petioles 4-7<br />
mm long, tomentellous, becoming glabrous with<br />
age, rugulose, canaliculate above, eglandular.<br />
Stipules linear-lanceolate, tomentellous, to 6 mm<br />
long, caducous. Inflorescences of terminal and<br />
axillary little-branched panicles with central<br />
rachis and short 2-3 flowered branches, or of<br />
racemes, the rachis and branches puberulous.<br />
Receptacle cylindrical, 7-8 mm long, sparsely<br />
gray-puberulous externally, glabrous within except<br />
for deflexed hairs at throat; pedicels ca. 1<br />
mm long. Calyx lobes five, rounded, 2.5 mm<br />
long, puberulous externally. Petals five, white,<br />
the margins ciliate. Stamens 20-23, unilateral,<br />
the arc of the circle opposite to them toothed.<br />
Ovary tomentose. Style pubescent on lower portion<br />
only. Fruit ovoid, ca. 5 cm long, 4 cm broad;<br />
exocarp hard and smooth or crustaceous when<br />
dry, glabrous; mesocarp woody, 6-10 mm thick<br />
when dry; endocarp thin and bony, glabrous<br />
within.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 97). Western Amazonia.<br />
U).<br />
Parinari krukovii Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 55:<br />
353. 1933. Type. Brazil. Terr. Rondania: Rio Machado,<br />
Tabajara, Nov-Dec 1931 (fl), Krukoff 1362<br />
(holotype, NY; isotypes, K, MICH).<br />
Representative specimens examined. PERU. LORETO:<br />
Prov. Requena, Rio Ucayali, Arboretum Jenaro Herrera,<br />
Jul-Sep 1974 (fr), Bernardi 7-84 (G, NY), 27 Aug<br />
1976 (fl bud), Bernardi 16219 (G, NY).<br />
BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: Mun. Humaita, Livramento,<br />
Oct-Nov 1934 (fr), Krukoff6635 (NY, US); Tres Casas,<br />
Sep-Oct 1934 (fr), Krukoff6381 (NY, US).<br />
Leaf lamina coriaceous, 6-10.5 cm long, the<br />
lower surface densely lanate-pubescent; petioles<br />
3-6 mm long. Inflorescences of terminal and ax-<br />
illary panicles with small few-flowered branches<br />
in only one or two axils below the apex of branch.<br />
Receptacle 5-7 mm long, cylindrical. Plants of<br />
terra firme.<br />
Specimen citations for these three subspecies<br />
were given in Prance (1981).<br />
6-6.1. Couepia bernardii Prance, Brittonia 33:<br />
347. 1981. Type. Peru. Loreto: Prov. Requena,<br />
Rio Ucayali, Arboretum Jenaro Herrera,<br />
4?55'S, 73?45'W, Tree Number 6-6, Jul-Sep<br />
1974 (fl), Bernardi 6-6 (holotype, NY; isotype,<br />
G).<br />
Tree, the young branches puberulous, soon be-<br />
coming glabrous. Leaf lamina elliptic, charta-<br />
ceous, 9-16 x 3.5-6.5 cm, rounded to subcu-<br />
Local names. Brazil: uchirana. Peru: parinari<br />
blanco.<br />
The closely related species Couepia bernardii,<br />
C. obovata, C. reflexa, and C. sandwithii form a<br />
superspecies (see Prance, 1972, for other similar<br />
groups in Couepia). The greater amount of material<br />
available now enables me to group these<br />
species together more clearly than was possible<br />
in 1972. They are characterized by the almost<br />
racemose inflorescence with small groups of<br />
flowers on short branches, thus technically panicles,<br />
the long tubular receptacle that is curved<br />
in bud at the apex, and the reticulate leaf undersurface<br />
with parallel secondary venation in<br />
all species except C. reflexa. I am maintaining<br />
all four species at present since they do appear<br />
to be distinct. Since C. reflexa is only known by
66 Flora Neotropica<br />
Table II<br />
Differences between species of the Couepia obovata species group<br />
C. bernardii C. obovata C. reflexa C. sandwithii<br />
Leaf laminae (cm) 9-16<br />
Apex acuminate<br />
Acumen length 2-8<br />
4-10<br />
apiculate or acuminate<br />
2-5<br />
11-14<br />
acuminate<br />
8-10<br />
4.5-9<br />
acuminate, rounded or<br />
apiculate<br />
5-6<br />
(mm)<br />
Flower<br />
exterior<br />
Leaves<br />
sparsely puberulous<br />
coriaceous<br />
glabrous or sparsely<br />
puberulous<br />
chartaceous to coriaceous<br />
sparsely puberulous<br />
chartaceous<br />
densely tomentellous<br />
coriaceous<br />
a single type collection it is still hard to evaluate. 6-6.2. Couepia monteclarensis Prance, sp. nov.<br />
The other species appear to be separate. They Type. Brazil. Minas Gerais: Estagao Biologica<br />
have distinct geographical distributions, al- Caratinga, 19 Feb 1984 (fl), M. A. Lopes 113<br />
though C. obovata and C. bernardii are sympatric (holotype, BHCB; isotype, NY). Fig. 14.<br />
in Amazonian Peru. C. obovata is much more<br />
widespread, in Central Amazonia and the South<br />
Species C. sandwithii et C. bernardii affinis,<br />
inflorescentiis<br />
of the Guianas, however. C. sandwithii is allolaxioribus,<br />
floribus, cum pedicellis<br />
articulatis munitis<br />
patric, found in the Orinoco Delta region and<br />
(1-5 mm longis), petiolis 8-<br />
10 mm<br />
Guyana. These species can be differentiated<br />
longis diversa.<br />
by<br />
the characters given in Table II and in the<br />
Tree, the young branches glabrous, conspicukey<br />
which follows. In the original description of C.<br />
ously lenticellate. Leaf lamina oblong, chartabernardii<br />
(Prance, 1981) I referred two collecceous,<br />
7.5-11 x 3.3-4.6 cm, subcuneate at base,<br />
tions from Venezuela to that species. These two<br />
apiculate at apex, the apex 4-6 mm long, glabrous<br />
collections<br />
above, with a short-brown-lanate<br />
(Steyermark 87610,<br />
pubes-<br />
88108) actually cence<br />
belong to C. sandwithii.<br />
beneath; midrib prominulous above,<br />
The species Couepia monteclarensis is also<br />
prominent beneath; primary veins 8-10 pairs,<br />
closely related to this group of species, but is<br />
plane above, prominent beneath; petioles 8-10<br />
mm<br />
more distinct. For differences see under that long, glabrescent, canaliculate, with a single<br />
gland on one side or eglandular. Stipules caspecies.<br />
ducous (not seen). Inflorescences of terminal<br />
panicles, 6-8 cm long, with a central rachis and<br />
short dichotomous branches bearing 2 to 4 flow-<br />
Key to Species of Couepia obovata ers, the rachis and branches gray-puberulous. Re-<br />
Species Group<br />
ceptacle cylindrical, 5-7 mm long, gray puberulous<br />
externally, glabrous within except for<br />
1. Flower exterior densely tomentellous, forming a deflexed hairs at<br />
complete covering; leaf underside usually ferru-<br />
throat; pedicels 3-5 mm long,<br />
gineous-brown-tomentose C. sandwithii. articulated at middle and with lower part per-<br />
1. Flower exterior glabrous or sparsely puberulous, sistent after flower dehiscence. Calyx lobes five,<br />
not forming a complete covering; leaf underside rounded to slightly acute, 2-3 mm long, gray<br />
gray-puberulous.<br />
2.<br />
puberulous on exterior. Petals<br />
Leaves membranous, venation smooth and<br />
five, white, glanot<br />
reticulate beneath, the apex with long acubrous<br />
except for ciliate margins. Stamens 18-20,<br />
men 8-10 mm long<br />
C. reflexa. inserted almost around complete circle. Ovary<br />
2. Leaves chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, re- inserted near mouth of tube, lanate. Style hirsute<br />
ticulate beneath with parallel secondary ve- for three-fourths of<br />
nation, the<br />
length. Young fruit ovoid;<br />
apex bluntly acute to acuminate.<br />
3. Leaf lamina 4-10 cm long, oblong to el- exocarp smooth, glabrous; mesocarp granular;<br />
liptic, the apex acuminate C. obovata. endocarp bony, glabrous within.<br />
3. Leaf lamina 9-16 cm long, obovate, the Distribution. Atlantic coast forest of Minas<br />
apex usually apiculate C. bernardii. Gerais.
Systematic Treatment 67<br />
\I I 3cm. '1'1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
PA ]-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.<br />
.-t I<br />
t GNllp^ 15<br />
a<br />
nwated;eclarem"' I<br />
mm !l t<br />
FIG. 14. Couepia monteclarensis (Lopes 113). A, habit; B, flower; C, flower section; D, petal; E, <strong>flora</strong>l<br />
diagram; F, young fruit; G, fruit cross-section.<br />
E.
68 Flora Neotropica<br />
Additional specimen studied. BRAZIL. MINAS GERAIS:<br />
Estacao Biol6gica de Caratinga, 22 May 1984 (y fr), P.<br />
M. Andrade 252 (BHCB, NY).<br />
This species is named for the Monteclaro Reserve<br />
where it occurs in a vestige of Atlantic<br />
coastal forest that harbors this and many other<br />
severely endangered species.<br />
This species is most closely related to Couepia<br />
sandwithii from the Guianas and C. bernardii<br />
from western Amazonia. It differs primarily in<br />
the larger flowers and in the inflorescence which<br />
is much more open and with the flowers borne<br />
in pairs on long articulated pedicels. In addition,<br />
the petioles of C. monteclarensis are much longer<br />
and the secondary veins wider apart. This is a<br />
most distinct and easily recognized species. The<br />
two collections come from a small remnant of<br />
the Brazilian Atlantic coastal forest on the Fazenda<br />
Montes Claros in eastern Minas Gerais.<br />
The fact that new species are still being collected<br />
in what is left of those forests emphasizes the<br />
importance of their conservation. It is fortunate<br />
that World Wildlife Fund and the Fundaqao<br />
Brasileira para a Conservaqao da Natureza have<br />
a project at Montes Claros. It is to be hoped that<br />
this important tract of land can be permanently<br />
preserved.<br />
6-8.1. Couepia canescens (Gleason) Prance, Acta<br />
Bot. Venez. 9: 119-120. 1974. Type. Vene-<br />
zuela. Amazonas: Cerro Duida (fl), Tate 870<br />
(holotype, NY; isotype, K).<br />
Parinari canescens Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 59:<br />
370. 1931.<br />
Couepia cognata (Steudel) Fritsch var. cognata pro parte<br />
sensu Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 149. 1972.<br />
Tree to 10 m tall, the young branches tomentellous.<br />
Leaf lamina oblong to oblong-lanceolate,<br />
coriaceous, 2-6.5 x 1.5-3.2 cm, cuneate to<br />
rounded at base, acuminate at apex with acumen<br />
2-5 mm long, glabrous above except on midrib,<br />
densely brown-lanate pubescent beneath, the pubescence<br />
obscuring rather prominent venation<br />
with parallel primary veins; midrib impressed<br />
and tomentellous towards base above, prominent<br />
and lanate pubescent beneath; primary veins<br />
10-12 pairs, plane or slightly impressed above,<br />
prominent beneath; petioles 2-3 mm long,<br />
densely tomentose, terete. Stipules ca. 1 mm long,<br />
linear, tomentose, caducous. Inflorescences terminal<br />
and subterminal racemes 1.5-3 cm long,<br />
the rachis densely brown tomentose. Bracts and<br />
bracteoles elliptic, ca. 1 mm long, tomentose on<br />
exterior, caducous. Receptacle campanulate,<br />
straight, not curved, 3-4 mm long, brown-to-<br />
mentose on exterior, glabrous within except for<br />
deflexed hairs at throat; pedicels 0.5-1 mm long.<br />
Calyx lobes five, acute, tomentose on exterior.<br />
Petals five, white, glabrous. Stamens 12-16, uni-<br />
lateral with a few short staminodes opposite them.<br />
Ovary villous. Style glabrous except at extreme<br />
base. Fruit globose; exocarp glabrous and ver-<br />
rucose when mature; pericarp hard and thick,<br />
undifferentiated, densely lanate within.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 98). Guayana Highland region<br />
of Venezuela.<br />
Additional specimens examined. VENEZUELA.<br />
AMAZONAS: Cerro Duida, Serra Parima, 54 km NW of<br />
Rio Orinoco, 2?27'N, 63?56'W, 18-23 May 1972 (fr),<br />
Steyermark 106117 (NY), (fl), Steyermark 105936<br />
(NY). BOLIVAR: Km 119 S of El Dorado, 12 Jan 1964<br />
(fr), Steyermark & Dunsterville 93035 (NY, VEN); SE<br />
bluffs of Chimanta-tepui, 21 May 1953 (fr), Steyermark<br />
75526 (NY); Abucapa-tepui, NW of Chimanta,<br />
18 Apr 1955 (st), Steyermark 75127 (NY).<br />
Couepia canescens is closest to C. cognata, but<br />
differs in the shorter racemose inflorescence, the<br />
shorter thicker pedicels, the calyx tube that is<br />
campanulate and erect, not curved, the shorter<br />
and caducous bracteoles, and the shorter pubescence<br />
of the inflorescence and flowers. In Couepia<br />
cognata the inflorescence is nearly always a<br />
slightly branched panicle; only rarely is it reduced<br />
to a raceme and then it is longer than that<br />
of C. canescens. These two species are ecologically<br />
distinct. Couepia cognata is a small tree of<br />
the forest on higher mountain slopes.<br />
6-13.1. Couepia scottmorii Prance, sp. nov. Type.<br />
Panama. Prov. Panama: Cerro Jefe, 1000 m,<br />
14 Jul 1975 (fl), Mori 7116 (holotype, NY;<br />
isotype, MO). Fig. 15.<br />
Species C. magnoliifoliae affinis, sed foliis mi-<br />
noribus, 2.5-5 cm longis, nervis primariis 8-14<br />
jugis, petiolis 2-5 mm diversa; a C. habrantha<br />
foliis minoribus, bracteolis minoribus caducis,<br />
nervis primariis impressis differt.<br />
Tree to 15 m tall, the young branches sparsely<br />
puberulous. Leaf lamina elliptic, thickly coria-<br />
ceous, 2.5-5 x 1.6-3 cm, rounded to slightly<br />
subcordate at base, apiculate to bluntly acumin-<br />
ate at apex, the acumen 0-5 mm long, glabrous
Systematic Treatment 69<br />
Fi<br />
71 ?':~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ m<br />
scodmor<br />
FI.1.Cupasctmri(oi716.A ai;B rut ,la nesufc;D lwr E lwrscin<br />
F, petals.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'~3<br />
FIG. 15. Couepia scottmorii (Mori 7116). A, habit; B, fruit; C, leaf undersurface; D, flower; E, flower section;<br />
F, petals.
70 Flora Neotropica<br />
above, densely brown-arachnoid pubescent be- midrib prominulous above, prominent and alneath;<br />
midrib prominulous above, prominent most glabrous beneath, with only a few short stiff<br />
beneath; primary veins 8-14 pairs, slightly im- hairs; primary veins 16-20 pairs, plane above,<br />
pressed above, prominulous beneath; petioles 2- prominent beneath; petioles 6-10 mm long, gla-<br />
5 mm long, canaliculate, rugulose, puberulous. brous, rugulose, terete. Stipules linear, to 1 mm<br />
Stipules minute, lanceolate, caducous. Inflores- long, subpersistent. Inflorescences terminal and<br />
cences terminal and subterminal racemes 3.5- subterminal racemes, the rachis densely yellow-<br />
5.5 cm long, the rachis densely yellow-brown- brown-sericeous-tomentose. Bracteoles ovate, 6-<br />
tomentellous. Bracts and bracteoles caducous. 7 mm long, tomentose on exterior, caducous.<br />
Receptacle subcylindrical, 4-6 mm long, densely Receptacle subcylindrical, 7-8 mm long, yellowtomentellous<br />
on exterior, glabrous within except brown-sericeous on exterior, glabrous within;<br />
for deflexed hairs at throat. Calyx lobes five, acute. pedicels 0.5 mm long. Calyx lobes five, acute.<br />
Petals five, sparsely pubescent on exterior, with Petals five, glabrous on exterior, the margins cilciliate<br />
margins. Stamens ca. 26, inserted around iate. Stamens ca. 35, inserted around complete<br />
complete circle, glabrous except for mass of hair circle, filaments exserted. Ovary pilose. Style<br />
around interior of united bases of filaments. Style densely hirsute to apex. Fruit not seen.<br />
densely pubescent for three-fourths of its length. Habitat. Rain forest on clay soil.<br />
Ovary densely lanate. Fruit ellipsoid, 5 x 3 cm; Local name. milho torrado.<br />
exocarp smooth, glabrous; mesocarp thin, fleshy; Uses. The wood is used for railroad ties.<br />
pericarp ca. 3 mm thick.<br />
This species belongs to the Couepia magno-<br />
Distribution and habitat (Fig. 115). Cloud for- liifolia superspecies and is the first of that group<br />
est dominated by Clusia and Colpothrinax cookii to be found in eastern Brazil. The four related<br />
at 1000 m, on Cerro Jefe, Panama.<br />
species occur in Amazonia and the Guianas. It<br />
differs from C.<br />
Additional specimens examined. PANAMA. PANAMA:<br />
spicata and C. habrantha in the<br />
Cerro Jefe, 1000 m, Sep 1972 (fr), Gentry 6172 smaller and<br />
(MO,<br />
caducous bracteoles, the narrow<br />
NY); Cerro Jefe trail on ridge NE from summit, 1000 leaves and the greater number of stamens. It difm,<br />
18 Dec 1974 (fr), Mori & Nee 3741 (MO, NY). fers from C. magnoliifolia and C. reflexa in the<br />
This species also belongs to the smaller,<br />
Couepia magnarrowly<br />
oblong leaves, the glabrous,<br />
not<br />
noliifolia superspecies and extends that ferrugineous-pubescent, lower surface of the<br />
group<br />
from the Guianas to Panama. It is related to, but leaves, and in the greater number of stamens. It<br />
quite distinct from, C. habrantha and<br />
is<br />
C.<br />
most<br />
magclosely<br />
related to the Central Amazonian<br />
noliifolia, differing in the much smaller<br />
C.<br />
leaves<br />
habrantha. Couepia carautae is completely<br />
with fewer primary veins and shorter petioles. It<br />
different from the only two other species of eastdiffers<br />
from C. carautae in the small and<br />
ern Brazil with racemose<br />
elliptic<br />
inflorescences, C. inleaves<br />
with a densely pubescent undersurface. signis and C. bondarii, both of which have much<br />
larger leaves and flowers. Couepia carautae is one<br />
6-13.2. Couepia carautae<br />
of<br />
Prance, sp. nov.<br />
the few species of Couepia without a lanate<br />
Type.<br />
Brazil. Espirito Santo: Linhares, Reserva Flo- pubescence on the lower leaf surfaces and in this<br />
restal de CVRD, Estrada 143A6, km<br />
character it differs from all other eastern Brazil-<br />
1.430,<br />
Talhao 601, 24<br />
ian<br />
Jan 1978 (fl), J. Spada 31/78 species.<br />
It is with<br />
(holotype, INPA; isotype, NY). Figs. 16, 99.<br />
pleasure that I name this species for<br />
Dr. Pedro Carauta of Rio de Janeiro, who has<br />
Species C. magnoliifoliae affinis, sed foliis sub- done much to provide interesting material for<br />
tus glabris minoribus oblongo-lanceolatis, stami- my studies of Chrysobalanaceae.<br />
nibus 35, receptaculo extus brunneo-tomentoso<br />
differt; a C. habranthae foliis subtus glabris, brac-<br />
6-14.<br />
teolis minoribus caducis, staminibus 35 differt.<br />
Couepia spicata Ducke, Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg.<br />
2:<br />
Tree 22 m<br />
36. 1935.<br />
tall, the young branches glabrous.<br />
Leaf lamina narrowly oblong, coriaceous, 7-10 Distribution (Fig. 115). This species, known in<br />
x 2-3.3 cm, subcuneate at base, acuminate at 1972 only from the type found near Manaus,<br />
apex, the acumen 4-7 mm long, finely pointed, appears to be rather widely distributed.<br />
glabrous above, glabrous and waxy beneath; Habitat. It is a species of forest on terra firme.
Systematic Treatment 71<br />
'"<br />
GouAO,P<br />
caraute<br />
3cm.<br />
.<br />
A<br />
5% mm.<br />
FIG. 16. Couepia carautae Prance (Spada 31/78). A, habit; B, leaf undersurface; C, flower; D, flower section;<br />
E, petal.<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL.<br />
AMAZONAS: Manaus-Itacoatiara Rd., km 135, 11 Jul<br />
1975 (fl), Monteiro s.n. (INPA 50017); Novo Aripauna,<br />
Nova Prainha, 23 Jul 1976 (fr), Mota & Monteiro s.n.<br />
(INPA 60724), 31 Jul 1976 (fl), Mota & Monteiro s.n.<br />
(INPA 60898), 10 Aug 1976 (fl), Mota & Monteiro s.n.<br />
(INPA 61341).<br />
6-17. Couepia belemii Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 228. 1972.
72<br />
Distribution (Fig. 97). This species, described<br />
from two collections from coastal Bahia, appears<br />
to be quite common in the remnants of the south-<br />
ern Bahia wet forest.<br />
6-23. Couepia krukovii Standley, Publ. Field<br />
Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 250. 1937.<br />
Distribution and habitat (Fig. 107). In 1972<br />
this species was still known only from the two<br />
type collections, the type and a paratype, from<br />
the Rio Madeira region. It appears to be confined<br />
to varzea forests of the central part of the basins<br />
of the Rios Madeira and Purus, extending into<br />
Bolivia.<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL.<br />
AMAZONAS: Rio Purus betwen Redencao and Itaboca,<br />
22 Nov 1971 (fl), Prance et al. 16315 (FHO, INPA,<br />
MG, NY, US).<br />
BOLIVIA. BENI: Rio Beni, Cachuela Esperanza, 28<br />
Feb 1924 (fl), Meyer 46 (Z).<br />
Flora Neotropica<br />
6-29.1. Couepia amaralae Prance, sp. nov. Type.<br />
Brazil. Amazonas: Base of Serra Araca, 3 km<br />
E of Rio Jauari, 0?49'N, 63?19'W, 27 Feb 1984<br />
(fl), Prance et al. 29261 (holotype, INPA; iso-<br />
type, NY). Figs. 17, 97.<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. BAHIA:<br />
Marau, 18 Jan 1967 (fl), Belem 3169 (IAN, NY, UB); Species C. racemosae affinis, foliis minoribus<br />
20 km NW of Una, 27 Feb 1978 (fl), Mori et al. 9336 2.5-6 cm<br />
(CEPEC, NY). ESPIRITO SANTO: Reserva Florestal<br />
longis, subtus cavis stomatalis profun-<br />
CVRD, Linhares, 8 Nov 1977 (fl), Spada 007/77 dis, petiolis 4-5 mm longis differt.<br />
(INPA).<br />
Shrub 1-4 m tall, the young branches appressed<br />
lanate pubescent, becoming glabrous with<br />
6-18b. Couepia caryophylloides Benoist subsp. age. Leaf lamina oblong to oblong-elliptic, coglabra<br />
Prance, subsp. nov. Type. Brazil. Para: riaceous, 2.5-6 x 1.5-3.2 cm, rounded at base,<br />
Santarem-Cuiabfa Hwy., km 82, 30 Mar 1984 acute or bluntly acuminate at apex, glabrous<br />
(fl), Medeiros & Marinho 58 (holotype, IAN). above, prominently reticulate beneath with con-<br />
Fig. 99. spicuous deep stomatal cavities filled with short<br />
gray pubescence; midrib prominent and sparsely<br />
A subsp. caryophylloide receptaculo intus gla- lanate beneath, slightly impressed above; pribro<br />
differt.<br />
mary veins 9-10 pairs, prominent and lanate be-<br />
This material is identical to subsp. caryophyl- neath, plane to slightly impressed above; petioles<br />
loides except for the glabrous interior of the re-<br />
4-5 mm long, lanate when young, rugulose, terete,<br />
ceptacle, a consistent character in Couepia; I have<br />
eglandular. Stipules caducous. Inflorescences of<br />
thus recognized the new taxon, which is geo- little branched panicles or racemes, axillary and<br />
graphically distant from subsp. caryophylloides, terminal, the rachis and branches brown-tomenat<br />
the subspecific level.<br />
tose. Bracts and bracteoles ovate, caducous, tomentellous<br />
on both surfaces. Receptacle cam-<br />
6-22. Couepia macrophylla Spruce ex Hooker f.,<br />
panulate-turbinate, 3-4 mm long, tomentellous<br />
Fl. bras. 14(2): 43. 1867.<br />
on exterior, glabrous within except for deflexed<br />
Distribution (Fig. 108). The range of this species hairs at throat. Calyx lobes five, acute, 2 mm<br />
has been considerably extended by recent col- long, tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals five,<br />
lections.<br />
white, glabrous. Stamens 35-40, inserted around<br />
half of circle. Ovary densely villous. Style gla-<br />
Additional specimens examined. PANAMA. DARIEN:<br />
Rio Ucurganti, 7 Jul 1967 (fl), Bristan 1121<br />
brous except for deflexed hairs at base. Fruit<br />
(MO, NY).<br />
glo-<br />
BRAZIL. ACRE: Rio Caete, tributary of Rio laco, 25 bose, 5 cm diam.; exocarp glabrous, lenticellate;<br />
Sep 1978 (fl), J. Ramos et al. 651 (INPA).<br />
pericarp 2-2.5 mm thick, hard and woody, tomentose<br />
within.<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL.<br />
AMAZONAS: Margin of Rio Jauari, Araca, 1 Mar 1977<br />
(fr), Rosa & Cordeiro 1713 (MG, NY); Rio Araca, 4<br />
Nov 1952 (fr), Fr6es 29277; 3 km S of Serra Araca,<br />
0?49'N, 63?19'W (fl), Rodrigues et al. 10509 (INPA,<br />
NY), Rodrigues et al. 10528 (INPA, NY).<br />
This distinctive new species belongs to the<br />
Couepia species group with deeply reticulate<br />
leaves. The lower leaf surface has deep stomatal<br />
cavities more similar to those that occur in Par-<br />
inari and a few species of Licania than to those<br />
of other species of Couepia. It differs from C.<br />
foveolata, which also has stomatal cavities, in the<br />
branched inflorescence and in the short blunt<br />
leaves, and from C. steyermarkii and C. canes-
Systematic Treatment 73<br />
W,.
74 Flora Neotropica<br />
cens in the branched inflorescence, the stomatal<br />
cavities and the leaf shape. It differs from C.<br />
racemosa in the much smaller, blunt leaves, the<br />
deep well-defined stomatal cavities, the shorter<br />
petioles and the lanate pubescence of the leaf<br />
venation below.<br />
It is with pleasure that this species is dedicated<br />
to Ieda L. do Amaral, the Brazilian botanist who<br />
was leader of the Araca expedition on which the<br />
type was collected.<br />
6-32. Couepia insignis Fritsch, Ann. K. K. Na-<br />
turhist. Hofmus. 5: 11. 1890. Fig. 106.<br />
This distinctive species was described from<br />
scant material, all from Bahia, Brazil but without<br />
precise locality, in Prance (1972). The nineteenth<br />
century material is now complemented by two<br />
recent collections indicating that this species still<br />
survives in the coastal forest.<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. BAHIA:<br />
Mun. de Una, 27 km S of Olivenqa, 2 Dec 1981 (fl),<br />
Carvalho & Lewis 858 (CEPEC, NY); Restinga de Olivenca,<br />
1 Dec 1979 (fl), Mello Filho 3061 (CEPEC).<br />
6-32.1. Couepia cidiana Prance, Acta Amaz6n-<br />
ica 13: 21. 1983. Type. Brazil. Para: Mun. de<br />
Oriximina, Rio Paru do Oeste, left margin of<br />
Cachoeira Chuvisco, 7 Sep 1980 (fl), C. A. Cid<br />
et al. 2261 (holotype, INPA 96602; isotypes,<br />
FHO, NY).<br />
Treelet 8-10 m tall, the young branches tomentose.<br />
Leaf lamina oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous,<br />
15-26 x 7-9.5 cm broad, subcordate at<br />
base, acuminate at apex, the acumen 7-10 mm<br />
long, glabrous above, densely gray short-lanate<br />
beneath with contrasting brown-tomentose venation;<br />
midrib prominulous above, tomentellous<br />
when young; primary veins 26-35 pairs, lightly<br />
impressed above, prominent and tomentose beneath,<br />
anastomosing ca. 3 mm from margin to<br />
form a conspicuous marginal vein; secondary<br />
veins more or less parallel, prominulous; petioles<br />
5-7 mm long, terete, eglandular, densely tomentose.<br />
Stipules linear, membranous, 2-2.5 cm long,<br />
persistent. Inflorescences few-flowered racemes,<br />
the rachis tomentose. Bracts and bracteoles persistent,<br />
2-3.6 cm long, tomentose on exterior,<br />
glabrous within, ovate, acuminate. Flowers 60-<br />
75 mm long. Receptacle cylindrical, 3-4 cm long,<br />
densely velutinous-tomentellous on exterior, tomentose<br />
within to base, sessile. Calyx lobes five,<br />
triangular, acute, tomentose on exterior, tomentose<br />
within except for glabrous lower portion,<br />
10-13 mm long. petals five, white, glabrous on<br />
exterior, the margins ciliate. Stamens ca. 165,<br />
inserted around a complete circle, fused at base<br />
to form a ring ca. 5 mm tall, the stamens inserted<br />
in several rows on exterior of ring, the interior<br />
of ring densely tomentose. Ovary inserted near<br />
mouth of tube, densely villous. Style sparsely<br />
hirsute pubescent on lower third. Fruit not seen.<br />
Distribution and habitat (Fig. 99). Forest on<br />
terra firme of western Para, Brazil.<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. PARA: Rio<br />
Cachorro, Serra do Cachorro, 16 km NW of Cachoeira<br />
Porteira, 22 Jun 1980 (fl), Martinelli 7052 (INPA, NY).<br />
This species is closest to Couepia insignis, C.<br />
martinii, and C. bondarii. It differs from all three<br />
in the tomentose interior of the receptacle, an<br />
uncommon feature in the genus, occurring in only<br />
one other species with a racemose inflorescence,<br />
the Andean C. recurva, which is otherwise very<br />
different. Couepia cidiana also differs from its<br />
three closest relatives in the much longer flowers,<br />
the persistent and longer stipules and the large<br />
number (26-35) of primary leaf veins.<br />
6-33. Couepia recurva Spruce ex Prance, Fl.<br />
Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 242. 1972.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 114). This species was de-<br />
scribed from a single Spruce collection from Ec-<br />
uador without locality. A second collection from<br />
the Ecuadorean Andes has now been examined.<br />
Additional specimen examined. ECUADOR.<br />
TUNGURAHUA: La Victoria, valley of Rio Pastaza, 1300<br />
m, 1 Dec 1939, Asplund 10055 (S).<br />
6-35.1. Couepia glabra Prance, Acta Amazonica<br />
2(1): 10. 1973. Type. Brazil. Amazonas: Rio<br />
Cuieiras, just below mouth of Rio Branquin-<br />
ho, Sep 1971 (fl), Prance, D. Coelho & Mon-<br />
teiro 14942 (holotype, NY; isotypes, FHO,<br />
INPA).<br />
Tree 10 m tall, the young branches glabrous.<br />
Leaf lamina oblong to oblong-lanceolate, coria-<br />
ceous, 11-21 x 4-7 cm, base subcuneate, apex<br />
acuminate, the acumen 5-9 mm long, usually<br />
curved, glabrous on both surfaces; midrib prominent<br />
on both surfaces; primary veins 16-17 pairs,<br />
prominulous or plane above, prominent beneath;<br />
petioles 8-12 mm long, glabrous, canalic-
Systematic Treatment75<br />
ulate, rugose, eglandular. Stipules lanceolate,<br />
membranous, ca. 2 mm long, caducous. Inflorescences<br />
of terminal and axillary panicles, 4.5-<br />
9 cm long, or rarely of unbranched racemes; rachis<br />
and branches with minute sparse pubescence.<br />
Bracts and bracteoles receptacle cylindrical-turbinate,<br />
15-20 mm long, sparsely<br />
puberulous in bud, soon becoming glabrous, glabrous<br />
within except for dense deflexed hairs<br />
around throat. Calyx lobes five, sparsely puberulous<br />
when young, soon becoming glabrous,<br />
the margins ciliate. Petals five, glabrous, caducous.<br />
Stamens ca. 110, inserted around a complete<br />
circle, the filaments tomentose around base,<br />
glabrous for most of length. Ovary pilose. Style<br />
pilose at base, glabrous above. Fruit unknown.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 103). Known only from the<br />
lower Rio Negro region of Brazil.<br />
Habitat. Forest on terra firme.<br />
Small tree to 8 m tall, the young branches<br />
sparsely puberulous soon becoming glabrous.<br />
Leaf lamina oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, 5-8<br />
x 1.5-2.4 cm, base subcuneate, apex acuminate,<br />
the acumen 5-15 mm long, with two glands towards<br />
base at junction with petiole, glabrous<br />
above, with sparsely lanate pubescence beneath;<br />
midrib glabrous and prominulous above, prominent<br />
beneath; primary veins 7-10 pairs, prominent<br />
beneath; petioles 4-7 mm long, sparsely<br />
puberulous or glabrous, canaliculate above. Stipules<br />
triangular, 1 mm long. Inflorescences of ter-<br />
minal racemes, the rachis gray-puberulous. Bracts<br />
small and caducous. Receptacle cylindrical,<br />
swollen towards base, 15-18 mm long, sparsely<br />
puberulous on exterior, glabrous within except<br />
for dense pilosity around base of stamens. Calyx<br />
lobes five, rounded, sparsely puberulous on ex-<br />
terior, the margins ciliate. Petals five, white, the<br />
margins ciliate. Stamens numerous, inserted<br />
around a complete circle. Ovary densely pilose.<br />
Style pilose for half of length. Youngfruit ovoid,<br />
exocarp smooth, glabrous; mesocarp fleshy; en-<br />
docarp hard, fragile.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 108). Known only from south<br />
of Manaus.<br />
Habitat. Forest on terra firme.<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL.<br />
AMAZONAS: Manaus-Porto Velho Hwy., between Rios<br />
Castanho and Araca, 12 Jul 1972 (st), M. F. da Silva<br />
et al. 490 (INPA, NY), 11 Jul 1972 (fl), M. F. da Silva<br />
467 (INPA, NY); km 113, 12 Jul 1972 (fl), M. F. da<br />
Silva et al. 267 (INPA); Furo de Castanho, estrada<br />
Araca, 22 Jul 1972 (fl), M. F. da Silva 1027 (NY); Nova<br />
Olinda, Rio Paca, tributary of Rio Marimari, 2 Jul<br />
1983 (fl), Todzia 2295 (INPA, NY).<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: Couepia marleneae is most closely related to<br />
Manaus-Caracarai Rd., km 115, Rio Urubu, 13 Aug C. williamsii,<br />
1974 (fl), Prance et al.<br />
differing in the much smaller leaves<br />
21636 (INPA, NY). and few primary nerves, the sparse pubescence<br />
Couepia glabra is quite unlike any of the species and more reticulate venation of the leaf underalready<br />
described, but it is probably closest to C. surface, and the more prominent conspicuous<br />
williamsii from which it differs in the usually glands at the junction of the lamina and the petpaniculate<br />
inflorescence, the larger leaves, the iole of the leaves. In C. williamsii the leaves are<br />
almost glabrous style, the glabrous underside of 9-18 cm long, and 2.5-5.5 cm broad, and have<br />
the leaves, as well as in a number of additional 12-15 pairs of primary veins. Couepia marlenesmall<br />
characters.<br />
ae is also rather similar to C. glabra, but it is not<br />
so closely related, differing in the unbranched<br />
6-35.2. Couepia marleneae Prance, Acta Ama- racemose inflorescence, the much smaller leaves,<br />
z6nica 4(1): 17. 1974. Type. Brazil. Amazonas: the very sparse but definite pubescence of the<br />
Manaus-Porto Velho Rd., between Rios Cas- exterior of the flowers, and the glands at the lamtanho<br />
and Tupana, 17 Jul 1972 (fl), M. F. da ina base.<br />
Silva et al. 822 (holotype, INPA; isotype, NY).<br />
6-38. Couepia trapezioana Cuatrecasas, Brittonia8:<br />
197. 1956. Fig. 118.<br />
Additional specimens examined. PERU. LORETO: Rio<br />
Ampiacu, Puca Urquillo, 24 Sep 1972 (fl), Croat 20663<br />
(MO, NY); Rio Nanay, Mishana, 16 Aug 1978 (fl),<br />
Ramirez C. 87 (MO, NY).<br />
6-41.1. Couepia dolichopoda Prance, Brittonia<br />
26: 302. 1974. Type. Peru. Loreto: Varadura<br />
de Mazan, from Rio Amazonas to Rio Napo<br />
(fl), Croat 19382 (holotype, NY; isotype, MO).<br />
Tree to 30 m tall, the young branches com-<br />
pletely glabrous. Leaf lamina elliptic, coria-<br />
ceous, 9-11.5 x 3.8-5.3 cm, cuneate at base,<br />
acuminate at apex, the acumen 10-15 mm long,<br />
glabrous on both surfaces; midrib prominulous
76<br />
on both surfaces, glabrous; primary veins 6-8<br />
pairs, almost plane on both surfaces; petioles 10-<br />
12 mm long, glabrous, shallowly canaliculate.<br />
Stipules not seen. Inflorescences of pendulous<br />
panicles on long peduncles up to 75 cm, the rachis<br />
and branches glabrous, branches small and<br />
numerous. Bracts and bracteoles 0.5-1.5 mm<br />
long, acute, glabrous except for the sparsely ciliate<br />
margins, subpersistent. Receptacle campanulate,<br />
the tube 4-6 mm long when mature, contracted<br />
into pedicels 10-15 mm long, glabrous<br />
within and without. Calyx lobes five, rounded,<br />
Flora Neotropica<br />
Additional specimens examined. VENEZUELA.<br />
BOLIVAR: Reserva Forestal Imataca, Rio Cuyuni Sector<br />
Caiio Negro, 15 Jan 1983 (fl), Stergios et al. 4991 (MO,<br />
NY); El Dorado, 3 May 1957 (fl), Couret 243 (US).<br />
647.1. Couepia nutans Prance, Brittonia 31: 248,<br />
fig. 1. 1979. Type. Colombia. El Valle: Alto<br />
Yunda, Rio Anchicaya, 1000 m, May 1973<br />
(fl), HiltyA-1 (holotype, US; isotypes, NY, UC).<br />
Tree to 25 m, the young branches sparsely pu-<br />
berulous, soon becoming glabrous. Leaf lamina<br />
elliptic, coriaceous, 13-16 x 5-7.5 cm, rounded<br />
at the base, acuminate at the apex, the acumen<br />
4-5 mm long, glabrous above, densely arach-<br />
noid-pubescent beneath; midrib prominulous<br />
above, prominent beneath; primary veins 17-19<br />
pairs, plane above, prominent beneath; petioles<br />
5-8 mm long, weakly canaliculate above, pu-<br />
unequal, two considerably longer than the other<br />
three, sparsely puberulous when young, the margins<br />
ciliate, the exterior with two sessile conspicuous<br />
glands. Petals five, glabrous, caducous,<br />
red. Stamens 16-21, unilateral, with ca. eight<br />
tooth-like staminodes opposite to them. Ovary<br />
sparsely villous. Style glabrous. Fruit obpyri- berulous, with two glands. Stipules caducous, not<br />
form, 4.5 cm long, 3.5 cm wide at broadest point seen. Inflorescences of terminal and axillary panwhich<br />
is well below mid-point, exocarp smooth, icles to 7 cm long, the rachis and branches with<br />
glabrous; mesocarp thick, hard, fibrous; endo- short light brown tomentellous pubescence. Bracts<br />
carp thin and bony.<br />
ovate, membranous, ca. 5 mm long, caducous;<br />
Distribution (Fig. 101). Western Amazonia in bracteoles oblong, 2-3 mm long, puberulous on<br />
the Peru-Brazil frontier region.<br />
exterior, membranous, subpersistent. Receptacle<br />
Habitat. Forest on terra firme.<br />
subcylindrical, ca. 5 mm long, shortly tomentellous<br />
on the exterior, glabrous within except for<br />
Additional specimens examined. PERU. LORETO:<br />
Maynas, nr. Brilla Nueva, Rio Yaguasyacu, 8 Nov 1977<br />
deflexed hairs at the throat. Calyx lobes five,<br />
(fr), Gentry & Revilla 20385 (MO, NY); Quebrada Su- rounded, tomentellous. Petals five, white, glacusari,<br />
N side of Rio Napo below Mazan, 6 Nov 1979 brous except for the ciliate margins. Stamens ca.<br />
(fr), Gentry et al. 27591 (MO, NY).<br />
16, inserted in a complete circle. Ovary villous.<br />
BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: Rio Javari, 10 Aug 1973 (fl),<br />
Lleras et al. P17294 (INPA, NY), 17 Dec 1975 (fr), N.<br />
Style tomentose on lower third only. Fruit not<br />
T. Silva 4028<br />
seen.<br />
(IAN).<br />
Distribution (Fig. 109). Known only from the<br />
Uses. The fruit (cotyledons) is edible. type gathering.<br />
Couepia dolichopoda is closest to C. longipen- Habitat. Collected at an altitude of 1000 m,<br />
dula but differs in the larger petioles, the reduced where it is an uncommon upland species.<br />
number of stamens, the glabrous peduncles, the Couepia nutans is closely related to C. polyanshorter<br />
campanulate calyx tube and the mark- dra, a Mexican and Central American species,<br />
edly unequal calyx lobes.<br />
the range of which extends south into Costa Rica.<br />
Couepia nutans differs from C. polyandra in the<br />
6-45. Couepia comosa Bentham, J. Bot. (Hook- larger leaves with a great number of primary<br />
er) 2: 215. 1840.<br />
veins, the slightly canaliculate petioles, the slightly<br />
Distribution and habitat (Fig. 100). This larger flowers with a darker brown pubescence,<br />
species<br />
and the<br />
was known until recently only from Guyana. It pendulous leaves.<br />
has now been collected in Venezuela and is not<br />
cited for that country in<br />
6-48.<br />
my account for the Flora Couepia platycalyx Cuatrecasas, Fieldde<br />
Venezuela (Prance, 1982b). The Guyana ma- iana, Bot. 27: 66. 1950.<br />
terial is from rocky places beside rivers and one This is one of the most distinctive species of<br />
of the Venezuelan collections (Stergios et al. 4991) Couepia because of the flattened, almost solid<br />
is from rain forest. There is no doubt that the receptacle. A third and fourth collection add to<br />
material of this distinct species is conspecific. the two studied in 1972.
Systematic Treatment 77<br />
Distribution and habitat (Fig. 111). It is con- lenticellate. Leaflamina oblong to oblong-ellipfined<br />
to the high altitude Andean forests of Co- tic, thickly coriaceous, 6-13 x 3.5-5.5 cm, sublombia<br />
and Venezuela.<br />
cordate to rounded at base, apex rounded, acute<br />
or bluntly acuminate, glabrous and lustrous<br />
above, densely velutinous-arachnoid-ferrugineous<br />
beneath; midrib slightly impressed above,<br />
prominent and lanate beneath; primary veins 9-<br />
13 pairs, impressed above, prominent beneath;<br />
petioles 6-10 mm long, lanate, with two glands<br />
at base<br />
6-51. Cnmepia imipessa Prance, Fl.<br />
(visible in young petioles only) becoming<br />
Neotrop.<br />
Mongr. 9: 255. 1972. Fig. 106. rugulose with age. Stipules 1-2 mm long, ovate,<br />
membranous, caducous. Inflorescences of ter-<br />
This species is now divided into two subspe- minal densely crowded panicles with many short<br />
cies, diiinguished in the following key. branches only, the rachis and branches puberulous.<br />
Bracts and bracteoles<br />
1. Leaves oblong-ovate, 19-22 cm long, 4-8.5 cm<br />
small, membranous,<br />
broad- primary veins 19-22 pairs.<br />
very early caducous. Receptacle cylindrical, 7-9<br />
a. subsp. impressa. mm long, with short dense puberulous pubes-<br />
1. Leaves ovate, 9-13 cm long, 4-7.5 cm broad; cence on exterior, glabrous within except for deprimary<br />
veins 14-19 pairs. b. subsp. cabraliae. flexed hairs at throat and dense lanate pubescence<br />
around stamen bases; pedicels 2-6 mm<br />
6-51b. C. impressa Prance subsp. cabraliae<br />
long, thin. Calyx lobes five, acute, with sessile<br />
Prance, Revista Brasil. Bot. 2: 31. 1979. Type. glands around margins. Petals five, glabrous ex-<br />
Brazil. Bahia: Santa Cruz de Cabralia, 5 Nov<br />
cept for ciliate margins. Stamens ca. 17, inserted<br />
1966 (fl), Belkn & Pinheiro 2837 (holotype, around a complete circle. Ovary densely lanate.<br />
CEPEC; isotypes, MG, NY).<br />
Style pubescent for three-fourths of its length.<br />
Leaves ovate, 9-13 cm long, 4-7.5 cm broad; Fruit elipsoid-pyriform, tapering towards apex,<br />
primary veins 14-19 pairs; petioles 7-10 cm long 4.5 cm long, 3 cm broad; exocarp smooth, glabrous;<br />
pericarp hard, fibrous 3 mm thick, gla-<br />
Additional specimens examined. COLOMBIA.<br />
ANTIOQIA. Mun El Retiro, nr. quebrada La Aguadelo,<br />
2200-2300 m, 12 Apr 1980 (fr), Bernal & Galeano 142<br />
(HUA).<br />
VENEZUELA. LAA 8 km from Sanare, 1500-1800<br />
m, 29 Jul 1979 (f), Meijer et al. VEN92 (NY).<br />
Representative specimens examined. BRAZIL. BA- brous within.<br />
HIA: Santa Crz de Cabralia, 4 Nov 1966 (fl), BeIMm<br />
& Pinheiro 2846 (CEPEC, NY), 8 Feb 1967 (y fr),<br />
Habitat. Restinga.<br />
Belem & PineMro 3315 (CEPEC, NY), 21 Oct 1978<br />
Additional<br />
(fl), MFri et al. 10934 (CEPEC, NY); 9 km E of specimens examined. BRAZIL. BAHIA:<br />
Una, Mun.<br />
3 Dec 1981 (t Carwvao & Lewis 877 Marau, rd. to Porto de Campinhos, 17 km from<br />
(CEPEC, NY);<br />
Porto de Campinhos-Marai Rd., km 11, 26 Feb 1980<br />
Marau, 7 Jan 1982 (fl), Carvalho & Lewis 1106 (CE-<br />
(fr), Carmlko et al. 216 (NY); km 12, rd. Porto PEC, NY); km 11, Porto de Campinhos-Marai, 26<br />
Seguro Feb 1980<br />
to EunlpoEis, 9 Nov 1972 fr), Euponino 309<br />
(fl), Carvalho et al. 194 (CEPEC, NY).<br />
(CEPEC,<br />
NY), 7-9 km W of Porto Seguro, 1 Dec 1978 (fl),<br />
Eupoino 405 (CEPEC, NY); 4 km N of Uruguca, 4<br />
Nov 1978 (fl), Mori 11037 (CEPEC, NY); Ilheus, 12<br />
Nov 1979 (fl), T. S. dos Santos 1279 (CEPEC, NY).<br />
This is a common subspecies of restinga.<br />
Local name: oiti mirim.<br />
6-52.1. Couepia coarctata Prance, sp. nov. Type.<br />
Brazil. Bahia: Mun. de Marafu, 10 km S of<br />
Porto de Campinhos on rd. to Ubaitaba, 7 Jan<br />
1982 (fl, fr), Carvalho & Lewis 1116 (holotype,<br />
CEPEC; isotype, NY). Figs. 18, 100.<br />
Species a C. meridionali affinis, petalis extus<br />
glabris, nervis primariis supra impressis, calycis<br />
lobis glandulis sessilibus munitis differt.<br />
Small tree to 6 m tall, the young branches<br />
sparsely puberulous, soon becoming glabrous and<br />
This species is best distinguished by the dense-<br />
ly clustered inflorescence with numerous short<br />
branches, also by the small sessile glands around<br />
the margin of the calyx lobes, and the extremely<br />
lustrous leaf upper surfaces. It is probably most<br />
closely related to the more southerly C. merid-<br />
ionalis, from which it also differs in the im-<br />
pressed venation of the leaf upper surface and<br />
the glabrous petals. Couepia coarctata is named<br />
for the crowded, clustered inflorescence. It is not<br />
easily confused with any other species of the genus.<br />
It was collected in two places on coastal<br />
restinga on the small peninsula that runs north<br />
from Marau.<br />
6-52.2. Couepia longipetiolata Prance, Revista<br />
Brasil. Bot. 2: 31, fig. 3. 1979. Type. Brazil.
.~?<br />
'"<br />
?.<br />
'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.'; ..<br />
Y~~~~~~~~~~~~~X<br />
l<br />
?? I /? I ?1 ----I , ,?=, E<br />
"r;~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
?:~ ~~~~Cup.. . ~ ~ .-<br />
FIG. 18. Coucpia coarctata Carvalho & Zwwi$1 ] ] d). A habit; B, fruit; C, leaf udersurface; ]D, flower bud<br />
E, glandular margin of calyx lobe; F, flower section; G, petal.~~~~~?<br />
eoa<br />
CO4C&t,,1<br />
FIG. 18. Couepia coarctata (Carvaho & Lewis 16). A, habit; B, fruit; C, leaf undersurface; D, flower bud;<br />
E, glandular margin of calyx lobe; F, flower section; G, petal.<br />
78<br />
.<br />
78~~~~~~~~:
Systematic Treatment 79<br />
Bahia: Itacare, Estrada do Aeroporto, 28 Feb<br />
1975 (fl), T. S. dos Santos 2935 (holotype, CE-<br />
PEC; isotypes, FHO, NY).<br />
Tree 8 m tall, the young branches glabrous,<br />
conspicuously lenticellate. Leaf lamina oblong,<br />
coriaceous, 12-15 x 4-4.5 cm, cuneate at base,<br />
shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, the acumen<br />
2-3 mm long, glabrous above except on<br />
midrib, lanate brown-pubescent beneath, appearing<br />
smooth but pubescence covering a deeply<br />
reticulate venation with stomatal crypts, midrib<br />
prominent beneath, slightly impressed and<br />
lanate on basal half above; primary veins 11-13<br />
pairs, slightly prominent beneath, slightly impressed<br />
to plane above; petioles 14-18 mm long,<br />
canaliculate on upper surface, lanate pubescent,<br />
transversely rugose, 2-3 mm thick. Stipules small,<br />
ovate, membranous, caducous. Inflorescences of<br />
terminal and subterminal panicles, densely<br />
crowded, short branched, the rachis and branches<br />
rufous-tomentellous. Bracts caducous, to 5 mm<br />
long, membranous, glabrous; bracteoles caducous,<br />
ca. 1 mm long tomentellous on e : rior.<br />
Receptacle campanulate-turbinate, 4-5 mm long,<br />
rufous tomentellous on exterior, glabrous within<br />
except for deflexed hairs at throat. Calyx lobes<br />
acute, tomentellous on both surfaces. Petals five,<br />
cream, glabrous with ciliate margins. Stamens ca.<br />
30, inserted around a complete circle, far exserted.<br />
Ovary villous-pubescent. Style pilose-tomen-<br />
7. Hirtella L.<br />
Distribution of Hirtella as a whole is shown in Figure 119.<br />
Key to Groups of Hirtella<br />
tose almost to apex, slightly exceeding the filaments.<br />
Fruit not seen.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 107). Known only from two<br />
collections from the forests of Bahia.<br />
Habitat. Littoral forest.<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. BAHIA: 22<br />
km E of Ubaitaba, 25 Aug 1979 (st), Mori 12749 (NY).<br />
Local name. oiti.<br />
Couepia longipetiolata is related to the more<br />
southern species C. meridionalis, differing in the<br />
narrower leaves, the much denser inflorescence,<br />
the longer petioles and the glabrous exterior of<br />
the petals. It differs from C. schottii in the longer<br />
petioles, the fewer primary leaf veins, the dense<br />
inflorescence, and the greater number of stamens<br />
inserted around a complete circle. Couepia longipetiolata<br />
is not easily confused with any other<br />
eastern Brazilian species because of its long petioles<br />
and distinctive, densely crowded, shortbranched<br />
inflorescence.<br />
6-53. Couepia pernambucensis Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 256. 1972.<br />
Distribution<br />
(Fig. 111). This species, described<br />
from a single collection from Pernambuco, has<br />
now also been collected in Bahia.<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. BAHIA: Una,<br />
Fazenda Sao Rafael, 16 Dec 1968 (fl), T. S. dos Santos<br />
322 (CEPEC, NY).<br />
1. Leaf base with myrmecophilous swellings. Group A: Section Myrmecophila.<br />
1. Leaf base without myrmecophilous swellings.<br />
Section Hirtella.<br />
2. Inflorescence a panicle (branched). Group B.<br />
2. Inflorescence a raceme (unbranched). Group C.<br />
Key to Group A: Hirtella Section Myrmecophila<br />
1. Inflorescence fasciculate (bunched racemes) sometimes cauliflorous.<br />
2. Stamens 4-5; ovary inserted at middle of receptacle; leaves 9-19 cm long, coriaceous, the lower<br />
surface bullate. 1. H. myrmecophila.<br />
2. Stamens 6-7; ovary inserted at mouth of receptacle; leaves 17-30 cm long, membranous, the lower<br />
surface not bullate. 2. H. physophora.<br />
1. Inflorescence an elongate raceme or panicle, never cauline.<br />
3. Inflorescence a panicle, sometimes only slightly branched at base.<br />
4. Inflorescence only slightly branched at base; leaves oblong-lanceolate; bracts eglandular.<br />
3. H. vesiculosa.<br />
4. Inflorescence with many small lateral branches; leaves ovate; bracts glandular. 4. H. dorvalii.
80 Flora Neotropica<br />
3. Inflorescence an elongate raceme, never branched.<br />
5. Exterior of receptacle and calyx lobes hirsutulous; inflorescence 15-30 cm long. 5. H. guainiae.<br />
5. Exterior of receptacle and calyx lobes hispid only; inflorescence 2-12 cm long.<br />
6. Pedicels 4-6 mm, with sparse hirsute pubescence.<br />
6. H. duckei.<br />
6. Pedicels 8-15 mm with dense hirsute pubescence. 6.1. H. revillae.<br />
Key to Hirtella Group B: Species without myrmecophilous swellings at<br />
leaf base and with a paniculate inflorescence.<br />
1. Bracts and/or pedicels glandular (with stalked or sessile glands).<br />
2. Leaves glabrous beneath when mature, or rarely with a few short stiff appressed hairs.<br />
3. Stamens 6-7.<br />
4. Bracts with a few sessile glands only; inflorescence rachis and branches, and flower exterior<br />
glabrous or only sparsely hirsutulous.<br />
5. Inflorescence a spreading branched panicle, the rachis and branches glabrous.<br />
7. H. macrosepala.<br />
5. Flowers borne in clusters of 2-3 along a central rachis rather than a branched inflorescence,<br />
giving a racemose appearance, the rachis and branches hirsutulous.<br />
6. Leaf lamina 6-9.5 cm long, 2.5-3.8 cm broad, the acumen 9-14 mm long; petioles 2-<br />
2.5 mm long.<br />
11.1. H. barnebyi.<br />
6. Leaf lamina 21-27 cm long, 6-9 cm broad, the acumen 1-5.5 mm long; petioles 8-10<br />
mm long.<br />
11.2. H. margae.<br />
4. Bracts with numerous stalked glands; inflorescence rachis and branches, and flower exterior<br />
pubescent.<br />
7. Leaves 3.5-8.5 cm long, 1.4-4.5 cm broad; stipules linear, to 6 mm long (Africa).<br />
90. H. zanzibarica.<br />
7. Leaves (6.4-)8-13 cm long, 4-7 cm broad; stipules deltoid, to 2 mm long (neotropics).<br />
8. Calyx lobes glandular; bract glands small, ca. 0.1 mm in diameter; rachis and branches<br />
of inflorescence sparsely puberulous; leaves glabrous beneath. 8. H. ulei.<br />
8. Calyx lobes eglandular; bract glands large, ca. 0.5 mm in diam.; rachis and branches<br />
of inflorescence tomentellous; leaves sparsely appressed pubescent beneath.<br />
9. H. glabrata.<br />
3. Stamens 3-5.<br />
9. Glands large and solitary on a long stalk, arising from pedicel or junction of inflorescence;<br />
inflorescence distinctly thyrsoid.<br />
10. H. carbonaria.<br />
9. Glands usually numerous, long or short stalked, arising from the margins of bracts and<br />
bracteoles; inflorescence not thyrsoid.<br />
10. Inflorescence a long rachis bearing small clusters of flowers on very short branches; leaves<br />
oblong-lanceolate.<br />
11. H. araguariensis.<br />
10. Inflorescence spreading, with many distinct lateral branches, flowers not in distinct clusters;<br />
leaves oblong to elliptic.<br />
11. Leaves 3-5.5 cm long, cordate at base; inflorescence scarcely branched, hirsutulous.<br />
12. H. cordifolia.<br />
11. Leaves usually cuneate or subcuneate at base (if subcordate then 7-17 cm long and<br />
inflorescence glabrescent); inflorescences usually much branched.<br />
12. Bracteolar glands few, usually either sessile on margins or a single gland terminating<br />
apex; inflorescence usually pilose or if glabrescent then corymbose; leaf<br />
apex acuminate.<br />
13. Leaves 12-17 cm long, rounded to subcordate at base; fertile stamens 5.<br />
13. H. insignis.<br />
13. Leaves 3.5-15 cm long, cuneate at base; fertile stamens 3.<br />
14. Leaves 10-15 cm long; bracts membranous, the glands several, borne<br />
on margins; inflorescence 7-18 cm long, terminal. 14. H. tocantina.<br />
14. Leaves 4-9 cm long; bracts coriaceous, with single reflexed apical gland<br />
only; inflorescence 3-11 cm long, axillary or terminal. 15. H. piresii.<br />
12. Bracteolar glands numerous, borne on the margins, usually short-stalked; inflorescence<br />
spreading but not corymbose, usually glabrescent, if tomentellous then<br />
leaf apex rounded to acute.<br />
15. Leaves 1.8-4.5 cm long, rounded to acuminate at apex, thickly coriaceous;<br />
primary veins 4-7 pairs. 37. H. bahiensis.<br />
15. Leaves 6-13.5 cm long, acuminate at apex, thinly coriaceous; primary veins<br />
9-10 pairs.
Systematic Treatment 81<br />
16. Stamens 3; bracteoles coriaceous, ovate; petioles 3-4 mm long.<br />
16. H. davisii.<br />
16. Stamens 4; bracteoles membranous, lanceolate; petioles 1-2 mm long.<br />
17. H. subglanduligera.<br />
2. Leaves hirsute beneath at least on principal venation, usually more generally so.<br />
17. Calyx lobes with small stipitate glands.<br />
18. Leaves orbicular to ovate-elliptic, 3-6.5 cm long, retuse to mucronate at apex (rarely acuminate);<br />
trunk with corky bark; receptacle pubescent within to base. 18. H. ciliata.<br />
18. Leaves oblong to ovate, 4.5-23 cm long, acute to acuminate at apex; trunk with thin bark;<br />
receptacle glabrous within except at throat.<br />
19. Venation of leaves prominulous above; inflorescence subcorymbose, bearing numerous<br />
tightly clustered flowers; stamens 7. 19. H. hoehnei.<br />
19. Venation of leaves impressed or prominulous above; inflorescence lax, spreading, not<br />
subcorymbose, the flowers loosely arranged; stamens 3-5.<br />
20. Leaves subcordate at base, subconduplicate, the lower surface merely sparsely<br />
appressed-pubescent.<br />
29. H. adderleyi.<br />
20. Leaves rounded to cuneate at base, rarely weakly subcordate but never subconduplicate,<br />
the lower surface hirsute. 20. H. glandulosa.<br />
17. Calyx lobes eglandular.<br />
21. Venation of leaves impressed above, or the leaf surface bullate.<br />
22. Inflorescence and flowers rufous-tomentose; bracts bearing very few sessile glands, these<br />
often obscured by pubescence.<br />
42. H. obidensis.<br />
22. Inflorescence and flowers tomentellous to puberulous, not rufous; bracts bearing many<br />
obvious stalked or sessile glands.<br />
23. Leaf surface usually distinctly bullate, the base usually subcordate. 21. H. bullata.<br />
23. Leaf upper surface plane, but with impressed venation, the base rounded to subcuneate.<br />
24. Bracteolar glands ca. 0.5 mm in diam., sessile or slightly stipitate; bracteoles<br />
distinct, ovate. 22. H. americana.<br />
24. Bracteolar glands ca. 0.1 mm in diam., on slender stalks; bracteoles reduced<br />
to a mass of glands with a slightly connate base. 27. H. tentaculata.<br />
21. Venation of leaves prominulous or plane above, the leaf surface never bullate.<br />
25. Stamens 3.<br />
26. Bracteolar glands large, numerous, apparent; inflorescence tomentellous, manyflowered;<br />
exocarp glabrescent; endocarp thin and bony. 22. H. americana.<br />
26. Bracteolar glands small, few; inflorescence hispid, few-flowered; exocarp tomentose;<br />
endocarp thick and fibrous. 23. H. guatemalensis.<br />
25. Stamens 4-7.<br />
27. Exocarp tomentose; endocarp thick and fibrous; bracts with few inconspicuous<br />
stipitate or sessile glands.<br />
28. Inflorescence hispid, the flowers lax; bracts with small short-stipitate glands;<br />
stamens 4. 23. H. guatemalensis.<br />
28. Inflorescence tomentellous, bearing small clusters of flowers on a long thick<br />
rachis; bracts with a few large sessile glands or a single terminal gland; stamens<br />
6. 24. H. eriandra.<br />
27. Exocarp glabrescent; endocarp thin and bony; bracts with many conspicuous stipitate<br />
glands, except in H. liesneri.<br />
29. Inflorescence hispid-hirsute; bracts with short-stalked glands arising from their<br />
margins, the secretory tip small, ellipsoid.<br />
30. Inflorescences predominantly terminal; leaf bases rounded to weakly subcordate.<br />
25. H. paniculata.<br />
30. Inflorescences predominantly axillary; leaf bases deeply cordate.<br />
26. H. deflexa.<br />
29. Inflorescence puberulous to tomentellous; bracts either reduced to numerous,<br />
long-stalked clavate glands arising from the junction of the pedicels with the<br />
stem, or ovate with glands borne on their margins, the secretory tip large,<br />
flattened, forming an expanded head.<br />
31. Glands arising from junction of pedicel and stem, with a long slender<br />
stalk and a small secretory tip, the whole appearing clavate; young stems<br />
puberulous or sparsely tomentellous. 28. H. macrophylla.<br />
31. Glands arising from the bracts, each gland with a thick stalk and a large<br />
secretory tip, flattened to form an expanded head; young stems with short<br />
dense compact puberulence.
82 Flora Neotropica<br />
32. Leaves 4-7 cm long, conduplicate; inflorescence 3.5-8 cm long; stipules<br />
lanceolate. 29. H. adderleyi.<br />
32. Leaves 6.5-15 cm long, not folded; inflorescence 12-19 cm long;<br />
stipules deltoid or linear-lanceolate.<br />
33. Inflorescences ca. 19 cm long, with very short lateral branches<br />
giving a racemose appearance; glands scarce, many bracts with<br />
single stalked gland at apex; inflorescence rachis sparsely hispid<br />
at base. 11.3. H. liesneri.<br />
33. Inflorescences 12-15 cm long, not appearing racemose; glands<br />
numerous on bracteoles; inflorescence rachis tomentellous, never<br />
hispid.<br />
34. Leaves cordate at base; petioles 1-3 mm long; stipules linear,<br />
5 mm long; flowers densely crowded. 9.1. H. conferti<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
34. Leaves rounded to subcordate at base; petioles 5-7 mm long;<br />
stipules deltoid, to 2 mm long; flowers laxly arranged.<br />
9. H. glabrata.<br />
1. Bracts and pedicels eglandular.<br />
35. Leaf apex retuse, rounded, or acute, never acuminate.<br />
36. Stamens 5-6; leaf apex mostly rounded to retuse (or mucronulate). 30. H. punctillata.<br />
36. Stamens 3-4; leaf apex acute.<br />
37. Leaves elliptic, thick-coriaceous; inflorescence compact, to 3 cm long. 31. H. corymbosa.<br />
37. Leaves oblong, chartaceous; inflorescence lax and spreading, 3.5-17 cm long.<br />
36. H. triandra.<br />
35. Leaf apex distinctly acuminate, sometimes abruptly so and mucronate or cuspidate.<br />
38. Stamens 3.<br />
39. Leaf base subcordate; inflorescence 25-55 cm long, pendulous.<br />
33. H. pendula.<br />
39. Leaf base rounded to cuneate; inflorescence 1-15 cm long, erect.<br />
40. Leaves lanceolate, at least three times longer than broad; inflorescence and exterior<br />
of flowers glabrescent.<br />
32. H. barrosoi.<br />
40. Leaves oblong to elliptic, not exceeding 2.5 times longer than broad; inflorescence<br />
and exterior of flowers usually pubescent, rarely glabrous.<br />
41. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers glabrous or glabrescent, or leaf apex distinctly<br />
cuspidate with a long fine acumen; inflorescences 1-4 cm long, predominantly<br />
axillary.<br />
50. H. bicornis.<br />
41. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers pubescent or tomentose; leaf apex acuminate<br />
but never cuspidate; inflorescences 2-17 cm long, predominantly terminal.<br />
42. Inflorescence and young stem hispid; calyx tube ca. 6 mm long, the lobes ca.<br />
5 mm long; corolla lobes ca. 8 mm long; stipules 6-10 mm long.<br />
34. H. leonotis.<br />
42. Inflorescence usually puberulous, rarely weakly hirsute; young stem glabrous<br />
to tomentellous; calyx tube to 4 mm long, the lobes to 3 mm long; corolla<br />
lobes to 5 mm long; stipules 2-6 mm long.<br />
43. Inflorescence little-branched, almost racemose, but with a few branches<br />
bearing two flowers, others one flower and a single pair of bracts at<br />
junction with pedicel.<br />
35. H. mutisii.<br />
43. Inflorescence much-branched, the branches usually bearing many bracts.<br />
44. Leaves 4-14.5 cm long, 2-5.5 cm broad; pedicels 1-3 mm long.<br />
36. H. triandra.<br />
44. Leaves 15-17 cm long, 8-10 cm broad; pedicels 0-0.5 mm long.<br />
38. H. latifolia.<br />
38. Stamens 4-9.<br />
45. Inflorescence appearing racemose, but in fact either a long central rachis bearing groups<br />
of flowers on short branches, or with a few branches with only three flowers each; leaf<br />
base sometimes cordate.<br />
46. Inflorescence almost a raceme, but with a few branches bearing two or three flowers;<br />
flowers laxly arranged, not borne in distinct groups.<br />
85. H. hebeclada.<br />
46. Inflorescence a long central rachis with groups of flowers on short branches.<br />
47. Bracteoles exceeding receptacle in length, persistent, enclosing buds; leaf base<br />
subcuneate; exocarp glabrous.<br />
39. H. suffulta.<br />
47. Bracteoles much shorter than receptacle, not persistent, not enclosing buds, leaf<br />
bases subcordate to subcuneate; exocarp tomentose or glabrous.<br />
48. Leaves 18-40 cm long, 8-16.5 cm broad, with 14-18 pairs of primary veins,<br />
and 2 glands at junction of upper surface of lamina and petiole; inflorescence<br />
rufous-tomentellous. 40.1. H. magnifolia.
Systematic Treatment 83<br />
48. Leaves 8-23 cm long, 3.3-8 cm broad, with 10-13 pairs of primary veins,<br />
the lamina base eglandular; inflorescence gray-puberulous or brown-tomentellous.<br />
49. Leaves subcordate at base, the lower surface glabrescent; exocarp glabrous.<br />
40. H. elongata.<br />
49. Leaves rounded to subcuneate at base, the lower surface sparsely pilosehirsute;<br />
exocarp tomentose. 24. H. eriandra.<br />
45. Inflorescence a much-branched panicle without a long central rachis; leaf base rounded to<br />
cuneate.<br />
50. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers tomentose, hirsute, or hispid, usually rufous to<br />
golden-brown.<br />
51. Inflorescence and young branches sparsely hispid; leaves membranous.<br />
41. H. rodriguesii.<br />
51. Inflorescence and young branches tomentose or hirsute; leaves chartaceous to<br />
coriaceous.<br />
52. Venation of leaves slightly impressed above; inflorescence rufous-tomentose.<br />
42. H. obidensis.<br />
52. Venation of leaves plane or prominulous above; inflorescence brown-tomentose<br />
or hirsute.<br />
53. Leaves 2.5-6 cm long; inflorescence 0.8-4 cm long.<br />
54. Inflorescence 0.8-1.5 cm long, clustered; leaves ovate, rounded at<br />
base; stamens 7. 43. H. cowanii.<br />
54. Inflorescence 2-4 cm long, lax; leaves orbicular to oblong-orbicular,<br />
usually subcordate at base; stamens 5. 44. H. orbicularis.<br />
53. Leaves 5.5-17 cm long; inflorescence 4-11 cm long.<br />
55. Bracts 4-6 mm long, ovate, up to half the length of receptacle; leaves<br />
ovate, thick-coriaceous, shortly mucronate at apex; inflorescence<br />
tomentose. 45. H. guyanensis.<br />
55. Bracts 1-3 mm long, oblong, to base of receptacle only; leaves elliptic,<br />
subcoriaceous, acuminate (never mucronate) at apex; inflorescence<br />
hirsutulous-tomentose. 46. H. lightioides.<br />
50. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers gray-puberulous to glabrescent.<br />
56. Inflorescence a subcorymbose panicle 4-6.5 cm long; petioles 7-8 mm long.<br />
47. H. aramangensis.<br />
56. Inflorescence a spreading panicle (not subcorymbose); petioles 0.5-5 mm long.<br />
57. Lamina 9-15 cm long, with distinct basal glands; inflorescence lax and spreading,<br />
7-19 cm long.<br />
48. H. rasa.<br />
57. Lamina 2.5-8(-9.5) cm long, the base eglandular or with indistinct glands;<br />
inflorescence short and compact, 1-8 cm long.<br />
58. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers densely puberulous; leaves thick<br />
and coriaceous, with prominent venation, the apex acuminate but never<br />
cuspidate.<br />
49. H. scabra.<br />
58. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers glabrescent to puberulous; leaves<br />
chartaceous, with plane to prominulous venation, the apex acuminate<br />
to cuspidate.<br />
50. H. bicornis.<br />
Key to Hirtella Group C: Species without myrmecophilous swellings at<br />
leaf base and with a racemose inflorescence.<br />
1. Glands present on bracts and bracteoles or pedicels (either stipitate or sessile).<br />
2. Leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, 5.5-18 cm long, 0.5-2.2 cm broad; rheophytic.<br />
51. H. angustissima.<br />
2. Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 3-30 cm long, 1.5-10 cm broad; not rheophytic.<br />
3. Bracts and bracteoles bearing sessile glands only or with translucent glandular excretions, the<br />
glands often covering entire surface, most frequently paired toward bases of bracts and bracteoles;<br />
stipitate glands absent from bracts and pedicels, but bract apex occasionally glandular.<br />
4. Leaves oblong-lanceolate.<br />
5. Leaves 9-14 cm long; young stems puberulous; pedicels 5-10 mm long; stipules eglandular.<br />
52. H. tenuifolia.<br />
5. Leaves 5-8 cm long; young stems hispid; pedicels 12-16 mm long; stipules with numerous<br />
stipitate glands.<br />
52.1. H. radamii.<br />
4. Leaves oblong to ovate.<br />
6. Young stem hispid; inflorescence rachis sparsely puberulous.<br />
56. H. racemosa.
84 Flora Neotropica<br />
6. Young stem and inflorescence rachis pilose or puberulous, never hispid.<br />
7. Young stem and inflorescence thick-pilose or pilose-tomentose, the stem with persistent<br />
hairs 2-3 mm long; stamens 3-6.<br />
8. Leaf margins hispid-ciliate; stamens 5-6; pedicels 1.5-3 mm long; bracts axillary.<br />
53. H. pilosissima.<br />
8. Leaf margins eciliate; stamens 3; pedicels 3-6 mm long; bracts inserted on pedicels.<br />
34. H. leonotis.<br />
7. Young stem and inflorescence usually puberulous, sometimes tomentellous; stamens<br />
4-6.<br />
9. Leaves thin, membranous; stamens 4-5; ovary inserted midway up receptacle.<br />
41. H. rodriguesii.<br />
9. Leaves thick, coriaceous; stamens 5-6; ovary inserted at mouth of receptacle.<br />
10. Bracts and bracteoles caducous, with minute translucent secretions, sessile glands<br />
present or absent; pedicels 6-25 mm long.<br />
11. Bracts with sessile glands in addition to translucent secretion; pedicels 6-<br />
16 mm long, thick; inflorescence 4.5-14 cm long; leaves sparsely appressedpubescent<br />
on venation or glabrescent beneath. 54. H. gracilipes.<br />
11. Bracts with translucent glandular secretions only, other glands absent; pedicels<br />
12-25 mm long, very slender; inflorescence 1.5-5 cm long; leaves<br />
glabrous beneath. 55. H. brachystachya.<br />
10. Bracts and bracteoles persistent, with sessile glands only; pedicels 1.5-10.5 mm<br />
long.<br />
12. Primary veins 6-10 pairs; leaves 3.5-18.5(-19.5) cm long, glabrous or<br />
sparsely appressed-pubescent beneath; mature leaves plane, not bullate.<br />
56. H. racemosa.<br />
12. Primary veins 11-15 pairs; leaves 19.5-25 cm long or if smaller (7-13 cm<br />
long) then hirsutulous beneath; mature leaves slightly bullate.<br />
13. Leaves 19.5-25 cm long; primary veins 13-15 pairs; lower surface<br />
with few sparse appressed hairs. 57. H. juruensis.<br />
13. Leaves 7-13 cm long; primary veins 11-13 pairs; lower surface hirsutulous.<br />
58. H. kuhlmannii.<br />
3. Either bracts and bracteoles bearing stipitate glands, or with one or more solitary stipitate glands<br />
arising from some pedicels, and bracts often glandular at apex only.<br />
14. Bracts and bracteoles eglandular, or with sessile glands and a glandular apex only; some<br />
pedicels with 1-3 stipitate glands.<br />
15. Leaves ovate, cordate at base; bracts and bracteoles with a few sessile glands.<br />
59. H. standleyi.<br />
15. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, usually rounded to subcuneate at base, rarely subcordate;<br />
bracts and bracteoles eglandular or with sessile glands.<br />
16. Primary veins 17-19 pairs; leaves 19-26 cm long; pedicels 8-12 mm long.<br />
60. H. longifolia.<br />
16. Primary veins 8-15 pairs; leaves 8-18 cm long (to 24 cm in one species with short<br />
pedicels 0.5-2 mm long); pedicels 0.5-9 mm long.<br />
17. Pedicels slender, 4.5-9 mm long (or if 3.5-5 mm then leaf constricted above<br />
base); leaves glabrous beneath except for pubescence on midrib and margin of<br />
extreme base of lamina; bracteoles eglandular or glandular.<br />
18. Fertile stamens 3; leaves oblong-elliptic; bracts with apical glands.<br />
61. H. lemsii.<br />
18. Fertile stamens 5-7; leaves elliptic to oblong-lanceolate; bracts glandular<br />
or eglandular.<br />
19. Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 3.5-8 cm long; bracts usually with<br />
sessile and apical glands.<br />
56. H. racemosa.<br />
19. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 8-18 cm long; bracts eglandular.<br />
20. Leaves subauriculate because of slight constriction above base;<br />
primary veins 11-13 pairs; ovary inserted near mouth of receptacle;<br />
fertile stamens 5. 62. H. schultesii.<br />
20. Leaves not constricted above base; primary veins 8-15 pairs;<br />
ovary inserted at mouth or middle of receptacle; fertile stamens<br />
4 or 6.<br />
21. Primary veins 12-15 pairs; secondary venation slightly impressed;<br />
ovary inserted midway up receptacle; fertile stamens<br />
4. 63. H. paraensis.
Systematic Treatment 85<br />
21. Primary veins 8-10 pairs; tertiary venation prominulous;<br />
ovary inserted at mouth of receptacle; fertile stamens 6.<br />
64. H. sprucei.<br />
17. Pedicels 1-3 mm long, thick; leaves hirsute beneath or glabrous with hirsute<br />
margin and midrib; bracteoles with glandular apex and often sessile glands.<br />
22. Leaves bullate above, with distinctly impressed venation, secondary venation<br />
and reticulations extremely prominent beneath. 65. H. lancifolia.<br />
22. Leaves not bullate above, the venation prominent or plane, secondary<br />
venation and reticulations prominulous only beneath.<br />
23. Leaves acuminate at apex, the lower surface glabrous to sparsely hirsute.<br />
66. H. burchellii.<br />
23. Leaves usually mucronate at apex, the lower surface densely hirsute<br />
or glabrous.<br />
24. Inflorescence densely tomentose; leaves mucronate at apex, hirsute<br />
beneath. 67. H. mucronata.<br />
24. Inflorescence sparsely puberulous; leaves acuminate at apex, glabrescent<br />
beneath. 56. H. racemosa.<br />
14. Bracts and bracteoles with numerous stipitate glands; pedicels eglandular.<br />
25. Receptacle cylindrical, elongate.<br />
79. H. couepii<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
25. Receptacle campanulate.<br />
26. Leaves bullate above, with impressed venation. 21. H. bullata.<br />
26. Leaves plane, not bullate above, with plane or prominulous venation.<br />
27. Leaves orbicular, rounded to retuse at apex; pedicels 7-20 mm long.<br />
68. H. longipedicellata.<br />
27. Leaves oblong to elliptic, acuminate at apex; pedicels 4-11(-15) mm long.<br />
28. Stipules bearing numerous stipitate glands.<br />
69. H. glandistipula.<br />
28. Stipules eglandular.<br />
29. Inflorescence short, compact, densely flowered, 3-7 cm long; calyx<br />
bearing numerous glands; leaves drying gray. 70. H. martiana.<br />
29. Inflorescence lax, 3-28 cm long; calyx eglandular or the glands scarce;<br />
leaves drying green to brown.<br />
30. Calyx lobes 5-6 mm long; stamens 7-8; flowers 8-9 mm long.<br />
82. H. angustifolia.<br />
30. Calyx lobes 1.5-4 mm long; stamens 3-6; flowers usually 4-6 mm<br />
long (7-9 mm in H. santosii).<br />
31. Young branches and lower part ofinflorescence rachis hispidsetose.<br />
32. Leaves 2.5-6.5 cm long; inflorescence 3-5 cm long.<br />
71. H. pimichina.<br />
32. Leaves 6-15 cm long; inflorescence 6-28 cm long.<br />
33. Leaves entirely glabrous beneath, dried material with<br />
silver metallic sheen. 72. H. subscandens.<br />
33. Leaves hirsute beneath, especially on principal venation,<br />
dried material without silver metallic sheen.<br />
34. Bracteoles oblong, broad toward base, chartaceous,<br />
with short-stalked glands, the apices terminating<br />
in a short-stalked gland.<br />
25. H. paniculata.<br />
34. Bracteoles linear-lanceolate, coriaceous, with<br />
long-stalked glands, the apices always terminating<br />
in a long-stalked gland. 73. H. hispidula.<br />
31. Young branches tomentellous to puberulous; lower part of<br />
inflorescence glabrous to puberulous or tomentellous.<br />
35. Inflorescence tomentose or tomentellous.<br />
36. Inflorescence tomentellous, 4.5-27 cm long, leaves<br />
broadest above middle, primary veins 8-12 pairs;<br />
bract glands predominantly stipitate; stipules 2-3<br />
mm long.<br />
74. H. silicea.<br />
36. Inflorescence tomentose, 6-10 cm long; leaves<br />
broadest at middle, primary veins 15-19 pairs; pedicels<br />
5-6 mm long; bract glands predominantly sessile;<br />
stipules 4-5 mm long. 22.1. H. santosii.
86 Flora Neotropica<br />
35. Inflorescence glabrescent or very sparsely setose.<br />
37. Stamens 3; calyx glandular. 75. H. excelsa.<br />
37. Stamens 5-6; calyx eglandular.<br />
38. Leaf gradually tapered to apex from near base;<br />
pedicels 3-5 mm long. 76. H. adenophora.<br />
38. Leaf apex cuspidate; pedicels 8-15 mm long.<br />
77. H. caduca.<br />
1. Bracts and pedicels eglandular.<br />
39. Inflorescence clustered, fasciculate; leaves slightly bullate, 8-12.5 cm long; ovary inserted near base<br />
of receptacle.<br />
78. H. fasciculata.<br />
39. Inflorescence of elongate racemes; leaves usually plane, if bullate then small; ovary inserted at or<br />
near mouth of receptacle.<br />
40. Receptacle elongate-cylindrical; calyx lobes glandular.<br />
41. Inflorescences densely tomentose; leaves 10-15 cm long; flowers 17-20 mm long.<br />
79. H. couepii<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
41. Inflorescences sparsely puberulous; leaves to 8.5 cm long; flowers 7-9 mm long.<br />
80. H. tubi<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
40. Receptacle campanulate; calyx lobes eglandular.<br />
42. Leaves orbicular, predominantly retuse to rounded at apex; pedicels 7-20 mm long.<br />
68. H. longipedicellata.<br />
42. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acuminate at apex; pedicels to 15 mm long, usually<br />
shorter.<br />
43. Lower surface of leaf hirsute, pilose or hispid at least on primary and secondary<br />
venation.<br />
44. Leaves oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate, the venation sometimes deeply<br />
impressed above; fertile stamens 7-9.<br />
45. Leaves oblong, 3.5-8 cm long, venation deeply impressed above; flowers 4<br />
mm long.<br />
81. H. floribunda.<br />
45. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5-15 cm long; venation plane above;<br />
flowers ca. 6 mm long.<br />
82. H. angustifolia.<br />
44. Leaves ovate to elliptic, the venation usually prominent above, rarely slightly<br />
impressed but then leaves broadly ovate; fertile stamens 3-9.<br />
46. Leaf venation slightly impressed above; leaves broadest near base, 2.5-8 cm<br />
long, subcordate at base; inflorescence densely crowded, with short rachis.<br />
83. H. rugosa.<br />
46. Leaf venation level to slightly prominent above; leaves broadest at or above<br />
middle, subcuneate to rounded at base; inflorescence lax with longer rachis.<br />
47. Stamens 3. 35. H. mutisii.<br />
47. Stamens 5-7.<br />
48. Leaf apex mucronate to abruptly acuminate; pedicels 2-3 mm long.<br />
84. H. scaberula.<br />
48. Leaf apex acute to acuminate but never mucronate or abruptly<br />
acuminate; pedicels 5-8 mm long.<br />
49. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers densely tomentose; flowers<br />
5-8 mm long.<br />
85. H. hebeclada.<br />
49. Inflorescence and exterior of flowers puberulous, flowers 4-5<br />
mm long.<br />
56. H. racemosa.<br />
43. Lower surface of leaf glabrous or with few sparse appressed hairs on midrib and<br />
primary veins.<br />
50. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 5.5-18 cm long, 0.5-2.2 cm broad.<br />
51. H. angustissima.<br />
50. Leaves ovate to oblong.<br />
51. Fertile stamens 7-9.<br />
52. Petals slightly clawed, leaf base subcuneate; young branches glabrescent;<br />
inflorescence of densely crowded racemes. 70.1. H. parviunguis.<br />
52. Petals not clawed; leaf base subcordate to subcuneate; young branches<br />
puberulous to hispid; inflorescence of single racemes.<br />
53. Leaf base subcordate; calyx lobes 4-6 mm long; young branches<br />
sparsely hispid. 82. H. angustifolia.<br />
53. Leaf base subcuneate to rounded; calyx lobes 1.5-2.5 mm long;<br />
young branches sparsely puberulous.<br />
86. H. enneandra.<br />
51. Fertile stamens 3-6.<br />
54. Fertile stamens 3; inflorescence either 2-3-flowered or densely manyflowered<br />
and tomentose; filaments only slightly exceeding calyx lobes.
Systematic Treatment 87<br />
Additional Notes and Descriptions<br />
of Species of Hirtella<br />
7-4. Hirtella dorvalii Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 273. 1972.<br />
55. Leaves 7-13 cm long, 3-5 cm broad, chartaceous; inflorescence 2-<br />
3-flowered. 87. H. pauci<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
55. Leaves 3.5-5.5 cm long, 1.5-2.7 cm broad, thick-coriaceous; inflorescence<br />
many-flowered.<br />
88. H. glaziovii.<br />
54. Fertile stamens 4-6; inflorescence puberulous to tomentellous, manyflowered;<br />
filaments far exceeding calyx lobes.<br />
56. Leaves thick coriaceous; inflorescence 4-15 cm long. 56. H. racemosa.<br />
56. Leaves chartaceous; inflorescence 2-4 cm long.<br />
57. Leaf apex bluntly acuminate or acute; petioles 0.5-1 mm; flow-<br />
ers ca. 3 mm long.<br />
Distribution and habitat (Fig. 128). This little<br />
known myrmecophilous species was described<br />
from a single specimen by Prance (1972). Further<br />
collections, all from the same area, near Cara-<br />
carai, indicate that this is a locally abundant<br />
species occurring only in low caatinga forest on<br />
sandy soils.<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. TERR.<br />
RORAIMA: Rio Ajarani, 28 May 1974 (fl), Pires & Cavalcante<br />
14375 (IAN, INPA), 1 Jul 1974 (fl), Pires & Leite<br />
14849 (IAN, INPA); Caracarai, 27 Apr 1974 (fl), Pires<br />
& Cavalcante 14360 (IAN, NY).<br />
7-6.1. Hirtella revillae Prance, Acta Amazonica<br />
8: 587, 89, fig. 6. 1979. Type. Peru. Loreto:<br />
Maynas, Rio Nanay, 4 km from Mishana, 150<br />
m, 19 Jan 1975 (fl), Gentry, Ayala & Revilla<br />
15807 (holotype, NY; isotype, MO).<br />
55.1. H. arenosa.<br />
57. Leaf apex caudate; petioles 1.5-2.5 mm; flowers ca. 6 mm long.<br />
55.2. H. conduplicata.<br />
in even at throat except around base of ovary;<br />
pedicels 8-15 mm long, hirsute. Calyx lobes five,<br />
lanceolate, hispid on exterior. Petals five, white,<br />
glabrous. Stamens six, the filaments far exceeding<br />
calyx lobes. Style hirsute on lower portion<br />
only. Ovary inserted at mouth of receptacle, glabrous<br />
around base. Fruit not seen.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 128) and phenology. Known<br />
only from the Rio Nanay in Peru, collected in<br />
flower from November through March.<br />
Habitat. Upland forest on white sand, poorly<br />
drained, swampy.<br />
Additional specimens examined. PERU. LORETO:<br />
Maynas, Mishana, Rio Nanay between Iquitos and<br />
Santa Maria de Nanay, 13 Nov 1977 (fl), Gentry 20678<br />
(NY), 25 Feb 1981 (fl), Gentry et al 31725 (MO, NY),<br />
19 Mar 1982 (fl), Gentry et al. 36438 (MO, NY).<br />
Hirtella revillae belongs to the section Myrmecophila,<br />
in which the swollen ant cavities at<br />
the leaf bases, and hispid pubescence are characteristic<br />
of all members. It differs from the other<br />
species in the section in the very long pedicels<br />
and in the distinctive dense hirsute pubescence<br />
of the pedicels and flowers, and the glabrous ovary<br />
and mouth of the<br />
Trees 8 m tall, the young branches<br />
receptacle. It is most closely<br />
hispid. Leaf<br />
related to H.<br />
lamina oblong, chartaceous-membranous, 19-22<br />
physophora.<br />
x<br />
The inflorescence is of rather intermediate<br />
8-10 cm, rounded at base and bearing two<br />
swollen ant cavities, abruptly acuminate at length in comparison to other species of section<br />
apex,<br />
the acumen 7-10 mm long, hirsute on venation Myrmecophila, which have either much more<br />
beneath, with sparse appressed hairs on compact fasciculate inflorescences or elongate raupper<br />
cemes or<br />
surface; midrib<br />
panicles. Only Hirtella duckei has raprominent<br />
beneath, prominucemose<br />
inflorescences as short as H. revillae but<br />
lous above, hirsute on both surfaces; primary<br />
H. duckei differs in<br />
veins 13-17<br />
many other ways.<br />
pairs, prominent beneath, prominulous<br />
above. Stipules linear, persistent, hispid.<br />
7-9.1. Hirtella conferti<strong>flora</strong><br />
Inflorescences of axillary racemes 5-6 cm<br />
Prance, Brittonia 33:<br />
long, 354. 1981.<br />
the rachis light brown hispid, the lower Type. Venezuela. Amazonas: Rio<br />
pedicels<br />
longer than the upper ones giving a slightly cor-<br />
Coro-Coro, 5?35'N, 50?10'W, 22 Feb 1979 (fl),<br />
ymbose appearance. Bracts and bracteoles<br />
Steyermark et al. 117921 (holotype, NY; isolinear,<br />
persistent, hispid. Flowers 8-10 mm types, MO, VEN).<br />
long (excluding<br />
pedicels). Receptacle campanulate, light Tree 4 m tall, the young branches densely ferbrown<br />
hispid-hirsute on exterior, glabrous with- rugineous tomentose. Leaf lamina oblong-ellip-
88 Flora Neotropica<br />
tic, coriaceous, 10.5-12 x 4.8-5.7 cm, cordate 7-11.1. Hirtella barnebyi Prance, Brittonia 33:<br />
at base, shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, 352. 1981. Type. Brazil. Rond6nia: Point 22<br />
the acumen 1-3 mm long, glabrous and shiny of RADAM SC-20-XD, margin of Rio Preto<br />
above, with sparse appressed hirsute pubescence nr. rapids, 30 Aug 1975 (fl), M. dos R. Cordeiro<br />
on lower surface; midrib prominulous above, 703 (holotype, INPA 57032; isotypes, IAN,<br />
prominent and appressed beneath; primary veins INPA 54595). Fig. 122.<br />
10-13 pairs, prominulous above, prominent be-<br />
Shrub 2 m<br />
neath, secondary venation prominulous on both<br />
tall, the young branches sparsely<br />
surfaces; petioles 1-3 mm long, terete, tomenhirsutulous,<br />
soon becoming glabrous. Leaf lamina<br />
tellous. Stipules lanceolate, to 5 cm long, ca- oblong, chartaceous, 6-9.5 x 2.5-3.8 cm,<br />
rounded at<br />
ducous, eglandular. Inflorescences of terminal and<br />
base, acuminate at apex, the acumen<br />
9-14 mm<br />
axillary panicles with central rachis and short long, glabrous beneath except for a few<br />
stiff<br />
densely clustered lateral branches bearing 2-4 appressed hairs on venation; primary veins<br />
8-11<br />
flowers, 12-15 cm long, the rachis and branches<br />
pairs, prominulous on both surfaces; midrib<br />
tomentellous. Bracts and bracteoles 1-3 mm prominulous above, prominent beneath; petlong,<br />
ioles 2-2.5 mm<br />
triangular to lanceolate, persistent, with numerlong,<br />
sparsely tomentellous, teous<br />
stipitate tack-like glands. Flowers 5-7 mm<br />
rete, eglandular. Stipules minute, persistent, ca.<br />
1 mm<br />
long. Receptacle campanulate, tomentellous ex- long, tomentellous. Inflorescences 8-12<br />
cm<br />
ternally, glabrous within except for reflexed hairs long, of little-branched panicles with a central<br />
rachis and small lateral branches<br />
at throat; pedicels 3-7 mm long. Calyx lobes<br />
bearing 2-3<br />
five, flowers<br />
acute, eglandular, tomentellous<br />
only, the rachis and branches very sparseexternally,puberulous<br />
within. Petals five. Stamens six, unily<br />
hirsutulous. Bracts and bracteoles 1-1.5 mm<br />
lateral, the filaments far exceeding calyx lobes.<br />
long, lanceolate, persistent, with sessile glands<br />
on<br />
Style sparsely hirsute on lower fourth. Ovary insome,<br />
and caducous bracteoles with large terminal<br />
serted at mouth of receptacle, pilose. Fruit not<br />
gland present only in bud. Flowers 6-7<br />
mm<br />
seen.<br />
long. Receptacle campanulate, with a few<br />
Distribution (Fig. 126). Known only from the<br />
sparse appressed hairs on exterior, glabrous within<br />
type collection, from gallery forest bordering tree<br />
except at throat; pedicels 5-7 mm long, sparsesavanna.<br />
ly appressed hirsute. Calyx lobes five, reflexed in<br />
This species is closest to Hirtella glabrata, but<br />
open flowers, acute, hirsutulous externally,<br />
differs in the shorter, more compact inflores- densely gray-tomentellous within, the margins<br />
cence, the oblong leaves, the distinctly cordate eglandular. Petals five, glabrous. Stamens six,<br />
leaf base, the shorter petioles and the long linear<br />
unilateral, the filaments glabrous, or with a few<br />
hairs on lower 10<br />
stipules. H. conferti<strong>flora</strong> is also close to H. admm,<br />
free to base, far exceeding<br />
lobes.<br />
derleyi, but differs in the longer leaves that are Style hirsute up to one third of length.<br />
not conduplicate, in the compact inflorescence<br />
Ovary inserted near mouth of receptacle, villous.<br />
Fruit not seen.<br />
with shorter, weaker branches, and in the longer This is most<br />
secretory tip of the bracts.<br />
closely related to Hirtella araguariensis<br />
which has a similar subracemose inflorescence<br />
with a central rachis and short<br />
7-11. Hirtella araguariensis Prance, Fl. Neo- branches bearing 2-3 flowers. This type of inflotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 278. 1972.<br />
rescence occurs in only a few species such as H.<br />
eriandra and H. elongata, which are otherwise<br />
Distribution (Fig. 121). This species, described quite distinct from H. barnebyi. This species diffrom<br />
a type collection from Amapa, is much fers from H. araguariensis in the smaller, less<br />
more widely distributed, ranging from north of lanceolate leaves with rounded, not subcordate,<br />
Manaus, east to Amapa.<br />
bases, in the sparsely hirsutulous inflorescence<br />
and flowers, and in the much smaller stipules<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. AMAPA: and bracteoles.<br />
Porto Grande, 29 Nov 1976 (fl), Rosa 1052 (MG, NY).<br />
AMAZONAS: Rio Uatuma, Mun. Itapiranga, Igarap6 Catita,<br />
21 Aug 1979 (fl), Cid et al. 640 (INPA, NY); Rio 7-11.2. Hirtella margae Prance, Proc. Kon. Ned.<br />
Pitinga, 27 Aug 1979 (fl), Cid et al. 860 (INPA, NY). Akad. Wetensch. Ser. C. 89: 111-113. 1986.
Systematic Treatment 89<br />
Type. Suriname. Brokopondo Distr.: Browns-<br />
berg Nature Park, 21 Jan 1978 (fl, fr), Roberts<br />
LBB16303 (holotype, NY). Fig. 138.<br />
Local name. Guyana: bokobokotokon.<br />
This species, closest to Hirtella araguariensis<br />
is distinguished by the larger, more coriaceous<br />
leaves, the hirsutulous dark pubescence of the<br />
inflorescence, and the less grouped flowers of the<br />
inflorescence.<br />
7-11.3. Hirtella liesneri Prance, sp. nov. Type.<br />
Venezuela. Tachira: Rio San Buena, 10 km W<br />
of La Fundaci6n, 7?47'N, 71046'W, 13-15 Mar<br />
1980 (fl), R. Liesner et al. 9633 (holotype, NY;<br />
isotypes, MO, VEN). Figs. 19, 136.<br />
Species H. araguariensi affinis, inflorescentiis<br />
Small trees to 3 m tall, the young branches puberulis versus basim hispidis, bracteolis glanglabrous,<br />
becoming lenticellate with age. Leaf duligeris, foliisque chartaceis diversa.<br />
lamina oblong to oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, Tree 7 m tall, the young branches sparsely his-<br />
21-27 x 6-9 cm, rounded to subcordate at base, pid, becoming glabrous with age. Leaf lamina<br />
acuminate at apex, the acumen 1-5.5 cm long, oblong, chartaceous, 10-15 x 3.5-5 cm, subglabrous<br />
beneath except for a few stiff appressed cordate at base, acuminate at apex, the acumen<br />
hairs on venation; midrib prominulous and gla- 10-15 mm long, the lower surface with sparse<br />
brous above; prominent and with sparse ap- appressed hairs, especially on venation; midrib<br />
pressed pubescence beneath; primary veins 15- prominulous above, prominent and appressed<br />
18 pairs, prominulous above, prominent be- pubescent beneath; primary veins 12-16 pairs,<br />
neath; petioles 8-10 mm long, rugulose, with ap- prominulous on both surfaces; petioles ca. 2 mm<br />
pressed pubescence of stiff long hairs, terete, long, terete, sparsely hispid when young. Stipules<br />
eglandular. Stipules linear-lanceolate, persistent, linear, persistent, ca. 3 mm long, eglandular. In-<br />
7-9 mm long, eglandular, appressed pubescent. florescences ofterminal and axillary panicles, with<br />
Inflorescences of little-branched panicles with a a long central rachis and very short 3-5 flowered<br />
central rachis and small groups of flowers on lateral branches, giving a racemose appearance,<br />
short branches and solitary flowers; the rachis 20-22 cm long, the rachis puberulous, the lower<br />
dark brown-tomentellous. Bracts and bracteoles part sparsely hispid. Bracteoles triangular, mem-<br />
3-6 mm long, lanceolate, persistent, appressed branous, the apex terminating in a stalked gland.<br />
tomentellous, with few sessile glands on margins Flowers 6-7 mm long. Receptacle campanulate,<br />
of most bracteoles. Flowers 5-7 mm long, soli- sparsely hispid on exterior, glabrous within extary<br />
or in small clusters on central rachis. Re- cept for ring of deflexed hairs at throat; pedicels<br />
ceptacle campanulate, appressed hirsutulous on 2-4 mm long. Calyx lobes five, acute, eglandular,<br />
exterior, glabrous within except for pilose de- sparsely hirsute on exterior, puberulous within.<br />
flexed hairs around throat. Calyx lobes five, acute, Petals five, glabrous. Stamens six, unilateral, the<br />
appressed hirsutulous on exterior, gray-tomen- filaments far exceeding calyx lobes. Style hirsute<br />
tellous within, eglandular. Petals five, pale pur- on lower third. Ovary inserted at mouth of reple,<br />
glabrous. Stamens six, unilateral; filaments ceptacle, pilose. Young fruit ellipsoid; exocarp<br />
far exceeding calyx lobes. Style pilose on lower<br />
sparsely appressed pubescent, becoming glaportion,<br />
glabrous above. Ovary inserted near to brous with age.<br />
mouth of receptacle, pilose. Fruit ovoid, ca. 3 Habitat. Primary forested area on sandy soil,<br />
mm long, 1.8-2.5 cm broad, appressed-hirsu- 700-1000 m.<br />
tulous on exterior; mesocarp thin, fleshy; endo- This species is quite distinct in its inflorescarp<br />
thin, hard-bony, densely hirsute within. cence, and is one of the few hirtellas with a shortbranched<br />
Additional specimen examined. GUYANA. Puruni,<br />
elongated paniculate inflorescence that<br />
2 Apr 1953 (fr), J. Boyan 75 (FD 7749) (NY).<br />
resembles a raceme. It is probably closest to Hirtella<br />
araguariensis from which it differs in the<br />
sparsely hispid to puberulous (not tomentellous)<br />
inflorescence, the larger branches and pedicels,<br />
the fewer glands on the bracteoles, and the larger<br />
chartaceous leaves.<br />
7-13. Hirtella insignis Briquet ex Prance, Fl.<br />
Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 279. 1972.<br />
Distribution<br />
(Fig. 135). This species, described<br />
from just two collections, appears to be quite
90 Flora Neotropica<br />
G. 19. Hirtella liesneri (Liesner et a 9633). A, habit; B, bracteole; C, flower and petal; , flower section.<br />
FIG. 19. Hirtella liesneri (Liesner et al. 9633). A, habit; B, bracteole; C, flower and petal; D, flower section.
Systematic Treatment 91<br />
common in Atlantic coastal forests of Bahia and<br />
Espirito Santo.<br />
teoles ovate, persistent, tomentose with numerous<br />
sessile or shortly stipitate glands around margins.<br />
Flowers 7-9 mm long. Receptacle<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. BAHIA: Km<br />
9, rd. Porto Seguro to Eunopolis, 8 Feb 1972 (fl), Eu- campanulate, tomentellous on exterior, glabrous<br />
ponino 212 (NY); 5 km N ofComandatuba, SE of Una, within except for deflexed hairs at throat; pedi-<br />
25 Jan 1977 (fl), Harley 18256 (K); rd. Porto Seguro cels 5-6 mm long, tomentose, eglandular except<br />
to Santa Cruz de Cabralia, 20 May 1971 (fl), T. S. dos on paired bracteoles. Calyx lobes five, acute, to-<br />
Santos 1677 (NY); Camaca, 24 May 1971 (fl), T. S.<br />
dos Santos 1695 (NY); Km 10, rd. Valenqa to<br />
mentose on<br />
Guabim,<br />
exterior, densely tomentose on in-<br />
22 Feb 1975 (fl), T. S. dos Santos 2898 (CEPEC, NY).<br />
terior. Petals five, glabrous. Stamens six, unilat-<br />
ESPiRITO SANTO: Reserva Florestal da CVRD, Lin- eral. Ovary inserted in middle of receptacle,<br />
hares, 8 May 1979 (fl), Foli 76/79 (INPA). pilose. Style pilose at base glabrous above. Fruit<br />
not seen.<br />
7-16. Hirtella davisii Sandwith, Bull. Misc. In- Distribution (Fig. 147). Known only from the<br />
form. 1935: 125. 1935. Fig. 128. type collection.<br />
This species, previously known from Vene-<br />
Habitat. Forest.<br />
zuela, Guyana, and Brazil, has recently been col-<br />
This species is close to the Caribbean Hirtella<br />
lected in Nicaragua and is another example of a<br />
americana but differs in the unbranched inflo-<br />
Guiana-Central America disjunction. Perhaps it rescence, the less impressed leaf venation, and<br />
has been overlooked, because it is a<br />
in<br />
large tree,<br />
many other minor characters. It is not easily<br />
30 m tall, unlike most other species of Hirtella<br />
confused with other species of Hirtella.<br />
which are shrubs and small understory trees. This<br />
species is noted as 30 m tall in both the Nicara- 7-29. Hirtella adderleyi Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
guan and Guyanan collections.<br />
Monogr. 9: 296. 1972. Fig. 120.<br />
Additional specimens examined. NICARAGUA. RIO Representative additional specimens examined.<br />
SAN JUAN: Rio Santa Cruz, 1101 'N, 84?24'W, 22 Mar VENEZUELA. AMAZONAS: Depto. Atures, E of Sa-<br />
1985 (fl), Moreno 25541 (MO); Rio Sabalo, 11?02'N, nariapo, Apr 1979 (fl), Davidse et al. 6753 (NY); Cas-<br />
84?28'W, 23 Mar 1985 (fl), Moreno 25614 erio de<br />
(MO).<br />
Canaripo, 22 Aug 1978 (fl), Huber 2439 (NY,<br />
VEN); SE foot of Cerro Moriche, 19 Feb 1979 (fl),<br />
Huber 3205 (NY, VEN); Rio Ventuari, 10 km E of<br />
7-22.1. Hirtella santosii Prance, Revista Brasil. Carmelitas, 20 Feb 1979 (fl), Huber 3253 (NY); 22 km<br />
Bot. 2: 34, fig. 5. 1979. Type. Brazil. Bahia: S of confluence of Rios Manapiare and Ventuari, 27<br />
Una, Fazenda Sao Rafael, 10 Dec 1968 (fl), T. Feb 1979 (fl), Huber 3469 (NY); Serrania del Parfi, N<br />
S. dos Santos 300<br />
of<br />
(holotype, CEPEC; isotype,<br />
upper Rio Pari, 2 Mar 1979 (fl), Huber 3589 (NY);<br />
4 km N of Rio Sipapo, 28 Jul 1980 (fl), Huber 5577<br />
NY).<br />
(NY, VEN); E slopes of Cerro Calentura, 5?56'N,<br />
Tree 8 m tall, the young branches tomentel- 65?40'W, 11 Apr 1974 (fl), Jangoux 10111 (NY).<br />
lous, becoming glabrous with age, not conspicuously<br />
lenticellate. Leaf lamina elliptic, coria- 7-30. Hirtella punctillata Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot.<br />
ceous, 7-12.5 x 2-5.5 cm, rounded to subcuneate Rio de Janeiro 3: 268. 1922; Prance, Fl. Neoat<br />
base, acuminate at apex, the acumen 4-10 mm trop. Monogr. 9: 296. 1972. Fig. 143.<br />
long, hirsute beneath on venation; midrib pro- This rather common species of the Guayana<br />
minulous above but in impressed channel, prom- Highland and the sandy caatingas of the upper<br />
inent and densely hirsute beneath; primary veins Rio Negro is interesting because in several col-<br />
15-19 pairs, prominulous above but in im- lections (for example Huber 10313 and 10875)<br />
pressed channel, prominent and densely hirsute most of the leaves are opposite. It is the only<br />
beneath; secondary venation slightly impressed species of Chrysobalanaceae known to have opabove<br />
giving lightly bullate appearance, promin- posite leaves.<br />
ulous beneath; petioles 3-4 mm long, terete, tomentellous,<br />
eglandular. Stipules linear, 4-5 mm<br />
7-31. Hirtella<br />
long, subpersistent, tomentellous.<br />
corymbosa Chamisso & Schlech-<br />
Inflorescences<br />
of terminal racemes to 6-10 cm long, the rachis<br />
tendal, Linnaea 2: 545. 1827. Fig. 127.<br />
and branches densely rufous-tomentose. Bracts Habitat. Growing on open restinga with sasmall,<br />
persistent, lanceolate, tomentose; brac- vannas.
92 Flora Neotropica<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. BAHIA:<br />
Mun. de Mucuri, 7 km NW of Mucuri, 14 Sep 1978<br />
(fl), Mori et al. 10470 (CEPEC, NY).<br />
7-34. Hirtella leonotis Pittier, Arb. Arbust. Ve-<br />
nez. 2: 23. 1923.<br />
Fruit ovoid, ca. 2 cm in diam.; exocarp densely<br />
tomentellous.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 136). Forests of northern<br />
Colombia and Venezuela; in Venezuela only in<br />
the Federal District and State of Miranda.<br />
This species was known only from the type in<br />
1972. Recent collections from Cerros de Ba-<br />
chiller and Guatopo show that it is a most dis-<br />
tinct species. The fruit can now be described. It<br />
is one of the few species of Hirtella that has a<br />
densely tomentose exocarp.<br />
7-37. Hirtella bahiensis Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 307. 1972. Fig. 122.<br />
Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL. BAHIA: Nr.<br />
Santa Cruz de Cabralia, 21 Oct 1978 (fl), Mori 10936<br />
(CEPEC, NY); Ilh6us Rd. to Olivenga, 12 Nov 1970<br />
(fl), T. S. dos Santos 1284 (NY). ESPIRITO SANTO: Reserva<br />
Florestal CVRD, Linhares, 24 Nov 1978 (fl), I.<br />
A. Silva 30 (INPA).<br />
7-40.1 Hirtella magnifolia Prance, Acta Ama-<br />
zonica 8: 585, 587, fig. 5. 1979. Type. Brazil.<br />
Amazonas: Rio Javari, Estirao do Equador,<br />
21 Oct 1976 (fl), Prance et al. 23974 (holotype,<br />
INPA; isotypes, FHO, MG, MO, NY, US).<br />
Tree to 10 m tall, the young branches shortly<br />
tomentellous becoming glabrous and conspicu-<br />
ously lenticellate with age. Leaf lamina oblong-<br />
elliptic, chartaceous, 18-40 x 8-16 cm, the base<br />
rounded, abruptly acuminate at apex, the acu-<br />
men 7-13 mm long, curved, glabrous above, with<br />
a few stiff appressed hairs beneath on venation,<br />
with two glands at junction of upper surface of<br />
lamina and the petioles; primary veins 14-18<br />
pairs, prominent beneath, prominulous above;<br />
midrib prominent beneath, prominulous above,<br />
tomentellous on both surfaces; petioles 5-9 mm<br />
long, 3.5-6 mm thick, tomentellous, eglandular,<br />
terete. Stipules early caducous (not seen). Inflorescences<br />
terminal panicles with a long central<br />
rachis 12-18 cm long and many short few-flowered<br />
lateral primary branches, the rachis and<br />
branches rufous-tomentellous. Bracts and bracteoles<br />
ovate, persistent, gray-brown-tomentellous<br />
on both surfaces, eglandular. Flowers 5-6<br />
mm long. Receptacle campanulate, tomentellous<br />
Additional specimens examined. COLOMBIA. on<br />
ANTIOQUIA: Buenos Aires forest above rd. to Anori, 26 exterior, glabrous within except for sparsely<br />
Apr 1973 (fl), Soejarto et al. 4025 (MO); Autopista pilose area around throat; pedicels 1-2 mm long,<br />
Medellin-Bogoti, Setor Rio Samara-Rio Claro, 400- tomentellous. Calyx lobes five, acute, gray-to-<br />
1000 m, 19 Mar 1982 (fl), Herndndez & Albert de E. mentellous on both surfaces. Petals five, white,<br />
244 (HUA).<br />
glabrous. Stamens 5-7, unilateral with toothed<br />
VENEZUELA. MIRANDA: Parque Nacional de Guatopo<br />
(fr), Aristeguieta 7096 (VEN); Cerros del Ba- portion of ring opposite to them, filaments far<br />
chiller, 25 Mar 1978 (st), Steyermark & Davidse 116868 exceeding calyx lobes. Ovary inserted at mouth<br />
(MO, NY, VEN), 25 Mar 1978 (fl, fr), Steyermark & of receptacle, pilose. Style glabrous. Fruit not<br />
Davidse 116933 (MO, NY, VEN).<br />
seen.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 138). Known only from Loreto,<br />
Peru, and adjacent Brazil.<br />
Habitat. Upland forest on terra firme, understory<br />
in open clearings.<br />
Additional specimens examined. PERU. LORETO:<br />
Prov. Requena, Arboretum Jenaro Herrera, Jul-Sep<br />
1976 (fl), Bernardi 1-56 (G, NY), 15 Nov 1974 (fl),<br />
Diaz s.n. (G), 7 Dec 1977 (st), Gentry et al. 21213<br />
(MO, NY).<br />
Hirtella magnifolia has the largest leaves of<br />
any described species of the genus, often attain-<br />
ing 40 cm in length on the fertile branches. It is<br />
most closely related to H. elongata and H. er-<br />
iandra, but differs from both in the larger leaves<br />
with a greater number of primary veins. It differs<br />
further from H. elongata in the rufous-tomen-<br />
tellous pubescence of the inflorescence, the two<br />
glands at the junction of the upper surface of the<br />
leaf lamina and the petioles, the rounded not<br />
subcordate leaf bases, and the longer inflores-<br />
cence branches; and further from H. eriandra in<br />
the inflorescence branching and the laminar<br />
glands.<br />
7-48. Hirtella rasa Standley, Publ. Field Mus.<br />
Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 252. 1937. Fig. 146.<br />
Additional specimen examined. PERU. LORETO: Pu-<br />
callpa, km 75, 9 Sep 1980 (fl), Angelo 11 (MO, NY).<br />
Local name. lobo apacharama.
Systematic Treatment 93<br />
7-52.1. Hirtella radamii Prance, Acta Amaz6-<br />
nica 12: 22. 1983. Type. Brazil. Rond6nia: Iga-<br />
rape Preto, RADAM SC-20-XA-Ponto 27,<br />
62?14'W, 8?58'S, 30 Jun 1975 (fl),J. C. daSilva<br />
100 (holotype, MG). Fig. 143.<br />
Shrub 3 m tall, the young branches hispid. Leaf<br />
lamina oblong-lanceolate, chartaceous, 5-8 x<br />
1.5-2.3 cm, subcordate at base, acuminate at<br />
apex, the acumen 3-5 mm long, glabrous on both<br />
surfaces; midrib prominulous above, prominent<br />
beneath; primary veins 10-12 pairs, prominulous<br />
and glabrous on both surfaces; petioles 1-<br />
1.5 mm long terete, sparsely hispid, eglandular.<br />
Stipules lanceolate, to 5 mm long, membranous,<br />
caducous, with numerous long-stipitate glands.<br />
acuminate at apex, the acumen 0-4 mm long,<br />
glabrous above, glabrous beneath except for<br />
appressed pubescence on midrib; midrib prom-<br />
inulous above, prominent beneath; primary veins<br />
8-10 pairs prominulous on both surfaces; peti-<br />
oles 0.5-1 mm long, terete, eglandular, glabrous<br />
or with a few adpressed hairs. Stipules 2 mm<br />
long, linear, subpersistent. Inflorescences ter-<br />
minal and subterminal racemes, 3-4 cm long,<br />
the rachis sparsely hispid. Bracts and bracteoles<br />
narrowly triangular, persistent, eglandular, ca. 1<br />
mm long, sparsely hispid on exterior. Flowers 3<br />
mm long. Receptacle campanulate, sparsely hispid<br />
on exterior, almost glabrous within except<br />
for a few appressed hairs with a ring of long<br />
deflexed hairs around base of staminal<br />
Inflorescences of terminal racemes to 12 cm ring; pedlong,<br />
icels 5-7 mm<br />
the rachis glabrous. Bracts and bracteoles 1.5-3<br />
long, eglandular, sparsely hispid.<br />
mm long, oblong, with two sessile glands toward<br />
Calyx lobes five, acute, reflexed, sparsely hispid<br />
on<br />
apex, a few of the youngest bracteoles with one<br />
exterior, densely gray-puberulous on interior.<br />
Petals<br />
or two stipitate glands in addition to the sessile<br />
five, purple, glabrous. Stamens 5-6, unipaired<br />
glands. Flowers ca. 5 mm<br />
lateral, far exserted. Ovary tomentose, inserted<br />
long. Receptacle at mouth of<br />
campanulate, glabrous on<br />
receptacle. Style pilose. Fruit unexterior,<br />
glabrous known.<br />
within except for deflexed hairs at throat; pedi- Habitat and<br />
cels 12-16 mm<br />
phenology. This species is known<br />
long, extremely slender, eglan- from two white sand<br />
dular. Calyx lobes five, acute, glabrous on extecampinas<br />
of Central Amazonia.<br />
Collected in flower in<br />
rior, puberulous within, eglandular. Petals<br />
July.<br />
five,<br />
glabrous. Stamens six, unilateral, the filaments Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL.<br />
far exceeding the calyx lobes, glabrous. Style hir- AMAZONAS: Manacapuru, Igarap6 Branco, 6 Jul 1958<br />
sute for half of length. Ovary inserted at mouth (fl), Ferreira 58-320 (INPA, NY); Serra dos 6 Lagos,<br />
18 Jul 1979<br />
of receptacle, pilose. Fruit not seen.<br />
(fl), Maia et al. 663 (INPA).<br />
Local name. caripe torrado.<br />
7-55.2. Hirtella conduplicata Prance, Brittonia<br />
This species is closest to Hirtella tenuifolia, 28: 227, fig. 12. 1976. Type. Brazil. Amazonas:<br />
from which it differs in the smaller leaves, the<br />
Lago de Castanho-Mirim, 25 Jun 1973 (fl), B.<br />
hispid pubescence of the young stem, and the<br />
Albuquerque et al. 887 (holotype, INPA).<br />
much longer pedicels. It differs from H. racemosa<br />
Fig. 125.<br />
in the narrow, oblong-lanceolate leaves, the long<br />
pedicels and the hispid young stems. It differs Tree to 20 m tall, the young branches sparsely<br />
from H. sprucei in the smaller leaves, the long hispid. Leaf lamina conduplicate, oblong-ellippedicels,<br />
the bracteolar glands and the absence tic, chartaceous, 3.5-5.5 x 2-2.5 cm, subcordate<br />
of pedicel glands.<br />
at base, caudate at apex, the acumen 8-15 mm<br />
long, glabrous above, glabrous or with sparse ap-<br />
7-55.1. Hirtella arenosa Prance, Brittonia 28:<br />
pressed pubescence on veins beneath, midrib<br />
227, fig. 11. 1976. Type. Brazil. Amazonas:<br />
prominulous on both surfaces; primary veins 5-<br />
7<br />
Manaus-Itacoatiara Rd., km 180, 7 Jul 1980<br />
pairs, prominulous on both surfaces; petioles<br />
1.5-2.5 mm<br />
(fl), W. A. Rodrigues et al. 8257<br />
long, terete, eglandular, sparsely his-<br />
(holotype,<br />
INPA). Fig. 122.<br />
pid. Stipules ca. 1 mm long, caducous, hispid.<br />
Inflorescences of terminal and axillary racemes<br />
Shrub to 3 m tall, the young branches puber- 2-3.5 cm long, the rachis sparsely hispid. Bracts<br />
ulous, soon becoming glabrous. Leaf lamina and bracteoles ca. 1 mm long, oblong, acute,<br />
oblong-elliptic, chartaceous, 3-5.5 x 1.2-2 cm, eglandular, sparsely hirsute. Flowers 5-6 mm<br />
cuneate at base, acute, rounded, or shortly long. Receptacle campanulate, sparsely hirsute
94 Flora Neotropica<br />
on exterior, glabrous within except for circle of Amazonia. Although it is quite distinct by its<br />
deflexed pilose hairs around staminal ring; ped- long, bracteate inflorescence, it is little collected<br />
icels 6-10 mm long, eglandular, sparsely hirsute, and apparently rare. One recent collection has<br />
thick. Calyx lobes five, rounded, reflexed, sparse- been made.<br />
ly hirsute on exterior, densely gray-puberulous<br />
Additional<br />
within. Petals five, glabrous, white. Stamens<br />
specimen studied: BRAZIL. PARA: Mun.<br />
six, de Itaituba, Santar6m-Cuiaba Hwy., km 780, Serra do<br />
unilateral, far exserted, purple, connate and hir- Cachimbo, 9?22'S, 54?54'W, 29 Apr 1983 (fl), Amaral<br />
sute towards base. Ovary pilose, inserted near et al. 1041 (INPA, NY).<br />
mouth of receptacle. Style hirsute. Fruit unknown.<br />
7-61. Hirtella lemsii L. O. Williams & Prance,<br />
Habitat and phenology. This species was col- Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 334. 1972. Fig. 136.<br />
lected only at the type locality in rain forest on<br />
terra firme, flowering in June.<br />
This species, described from a single collection<br />
from Costa Rica, appears to be quite common<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: in that<br />
Lago de Castanho-Mirim, 25 Jun 1973 country, and the fruit is described for the<br />
(fl), Albuquerque<br />
et al. 886 first time.<br />
(INPA, NY).<br />
Fruit oblong, ridged, and with two small protrusions<br />
when dry, slightly tapered towards base,<br />
2.5-3 cm long; exocarp sparsely tomentose when<br />
young; mesocarp thin and fleshy; endocarp hard,<br />
thin.<br />
7-56d. Hirtella racemosa Lam. var. hispida<br />
Prance, Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetenschapp.<br />
Ser. C. 89: 113. 1986. Type. Brazil. Amapa:<br />
Rio Falsino, 10 km above Rio Araguari, 26<br />
Aug 1983 (fl), B. V. Rabelo et al. 2381 (ho-<br />
lotype, MG; isotype, NY). Fig. 146.<br />
The young branches hispid. Leaf lamina 15-<br />
22 x 6-7.5 cm; pedicels thin, 8-12 mm long.<br />
Habitat. Variety hispida is a small shrub of<br />
1.5 m of the understory of forest on terra firme.<br />
Additional specimens examined. FRENCH<br />
GUIANA. Haut Crique Baboune, 2 Aug 1981 (fl), de<br />
Granville 4723 (NY).<br />
BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: Mun. de Axinim, lower Rio<br />
Paca, 4?07'S, 58?58'W, 1 Jul 1983 (fl), Zarucchi et al.<br />
2920 (INPA, NY). AMAPA: Rio Oiapoque, Mt. Alikene,<br />
nr. Riv. Camopi, 30 Sep 1960 (fl), Irwin 48589a (NY).<br />
This variety was described to accommodate<br />
specimens of Hirtella racemosa that are distinctly<br />
hispid on the young stems. It has the large<br />
leaves characteristic of var. racemosa but the<br />
long thin pedicels characteristic of var. hexandra.<br />
The latter character is almost constant to separate<br />
the two varieties, although a few collections<br />
placed in var. racemosa have long thin pedicels<br />
(e.g., Chagas 1252, INPA, NY). The above material<br />
is obviously closest to H. racemosa and is<br />
best regarded as a variety until further collections<br />
and field studies are made.<br />
7-58. Hirtella kuhlmannii Pilger, Notizbl. Bot.<br />
Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 538. 1923. Fig. 135.<br />
This species was known in the monograph from<br />
the type and one other collection from southern<br />
Additional specimens examined. COSTA RICA.<br />
HEREDIA: Rio Puerto Viejo, 2 km above Rio Sarapiqui,<br />
14 Jun 1968 (fl), Burger & Stolze 5784 (F); Finca La<br />
Selva, Puerto Viejo, 17 Sep 1969 (fl), Frankie 398C<br />
(F), 7 Mar 1970 (fl), Hartshorn 809 (NY), Sep 1974<br />
(fl), Hartshorn 1523 (NY), 13 Aug 1961 (fl), Rosbach<br />
3719 (GH). PUNTARENAS: Ridge between Banegas and<br />
Rio Riyito, 7 km W of Rinc6n de Osa, 8 Oct 1984 (fr),<br />
Grayum 4090 (MO, NY); Llorona trail to San Pedrillo,<br />
Corcovado National Park, 21 Jul 1977 (fr), Hartshorn<br />
1878 (NY).<br />
7-67. Hirtella mucronata Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 339. 1972.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 139). This species was based<br />
on a type from southern Guyana and two col-<br />
lections from the Rio Negro region of Brazil.<br />
New material adds to this range.<br />
Additional specimens examined. SURINAME. Lely<br />
Mountains, 175 km SSE of Paramaribo, 12 Oct 1976<br />
(fl), Mori & Bolten 8459 (NY).<br />
BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: Manaus-Itacoatiara Rd., km<br />
185, 15 Dec 1966 (fl), Prance et al. 3653 (MG); Manaus-Caracarai<br />
Rd., km 220, Santo Ant6nio de Abonari,<br />
24 Nov 1976 (fl), Prance et al. 24257 (INPA,<br />
NY).<br />
7-70.1. Hirtella parviunguis Prance, Revista<br />
Brasil. Bot. 2: 34, fig. 4. 1979. Type. Brazil.<br />
Espirito Santo: Linhares, estrada da Povoa-ao<br />
ao Linhares, 30 Mar 1971 (fl), T. S. dos Santos<br />
1512 (holotype, CEPEC; isotypes, FHO, NY).
Systematic Treatment 95<br />
Tree to 12 m tall, the young branches sparsely<br />
appressed puberulous, glabrescent, lenticellate.<br />
Leaf lamina narrowly oblong, coriaceous, 4-7 x<br />
1.8-2.5 cm, cuneate to subcuneate at base, acuminate<br />
at apex, with acumen 2-5 mm long, glabrous<br />
beneath; primary veins 10-14 pairs, prominulous<br />
on both surfaces; midrib prominulous<br />
above, prominent beneath, venation papillose on<br />
upper surface; petioles 3-4 mm long, terete,<br />
eglandular, sparsely puberulous when young, rugulose.<br />
Stipules lanceolate 2-4 mm long, puberulous<br />
when young, subpersistent, adnate to extreme<br />
base of petiole, eglandular. Inflorescences<br />
of terminal and axillary densely crowded racemes<br />
3-5.5 cm long, the rachis sparsely tomentellous.<br />
Bracts and bracteoles ovate, 1.5-2.5 mm<br />
long, persistent membranous, eglandular. Flowers<br />
ca. 7 mm long. Receptacle campanulate,<br />
sparsely puberulous on exterior, glabrous within<br />
except for deflexed hairs at throat; pedicels 3-6<br />
mm long. Calyx lobes five, acute, sparsely puberulous<br />
on exterior, tomentellous within, the<br />
margins eglandular. Petals five, glabrous, with<br />
minute claw at base. Stamens seven, unilateral,<br />
the filaments glabrous, far exceeding the calyx<br />
lobes. Style pilose, with a few hairs on lower half.<br />
Ovary inserted at mouth of receptacle, pilose.<br />
Fruit not seen.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 141). Atlantic coastal forest<br />
and cacao plantations.<br />
7-75. Hirtella excelsa Standley ex Prance, Fl.<br />
Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 345. 1972. Fig. 130.<br />
Additional specimens examined. PERU. HUANUCO:<br />
Prov. Pachitea, Bosque Nacional de Iparia, Rio Pachi-<br />
tea, 8 Aug 1967 (fr), Schunke V. 2137 (NY); Dist.<br />
Honoria, Carretera Miel de Abejas, km 1.5, 8 Aug 1967<br />
(fr), Schunke V. 10 (F). SAN MARTIN: Santa Margarita,<br />
W of Nueva Aspusana, 6 Aug 1962 (fr), Mathias &<br />
Taylor 6108 (F).<br />
BRAZIL. ACRE: Between Porangaba and Papagaio,<br />
Rio Jurua-Mirim, 18 May 1981 (fl), Maas et al. P13134<br />
(INPA, NY). MATO GROSSO: Rio Tucunazinho, BR 174,<br />
km 330, 8 Jun 1979 (fr), M. G. Silva & Rosdrio 4826<br />
(MG), 10 Jun 1979 (fr), M. G. Silva & Rosdrio 4845<br />
(MG, NY).<br />
Local name. Peru: apacharama amarillo.<br />
7-79. Hirtella couepii<strong>flora</strong> Prance, Fl. Neotrop.<br />
Monogr. 9: 350. 1972. Fig. 127.<br />
Additional specimens examined. FRENCH<br />
GUIANA. Riv. Oyapock, Petit Toucouchi, Lagon Trois<br />
Pitons, 6 Aug 1969 (fl), Oldeman T447 (CAY).<br />
BRAZIL. AMAPA: Clevelandia, Aug 1960 (st), Pires<br />
7700 (IAN).<br />
Local name. Fr. Guiana: gaulette.<br />
7-80. Hirtella tubi<strong>flora</strong> Cuatrecasas, Fieldiana,<br />
Bot. 27: 59. 1950.<br />
Distribution (Fig. 150). This species was known<br />
only from the type collection from the coastal<br />
lowlands of Valle in Colombia at 30-50 m, in<br />
the Rio Calima region. Recently, four collections<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. ESPiRITO<br />
SANTO: CVRD Linhares, 10 Jul 1979 (fl), Foli 80 have been made from the wet forests of Panama<br />
(INPA).<br />
at about 800 m altitude, showing an interesting<br />
Local name. macucurana.<br />
distribution pattern.<br />
Hirtella parviunguis is distinct from all related<br />
species by the small slightly clawed petals. It is<br />
most closely related to H. martiana, a Planalto<br />
species, but, it differs not only in the petals but<br />
also in the eglandular bracteoles and calyx lobes,<br />
and the less pubescent inflorescence and style. It<br />
differs from H. angustifolia, another eastern Brazilian<br />
species, in the inflorescences of densely<br />
Additional specimens examined. PANAMA. PANAMA:<br />
Cerro Jefe, 26 Sep 1975 (fl), J. T. & F. Witherspoon<br />
8543 (MO, NY), 15 Feb 1982 (fl), Knapp 3525 (MO,<br />
NY). SAN BLAS: El Llano-Carti Rd., km 19.1, 11 Mar<br />
1985 (fl), Nevers & Herrera 5106 (MO, NY). VERAGUAS:<br />
3-4 km W of Santa F6, 2500' (fl), Nee 11288 (MO,<br />
NY).<br />
COLOMBIA. CHOCO: Colombia-Panama frontier,<br />
24 Sep 1979 (fl), Barbosa 1213 (COL).<br />
crowded short racemes, the subcuneate leaf bases,<br />
and the puberulous (not hispid), young<br />
branches and inflorescences. This species also<br />
resembles H. glaziovii from the same region, but<br />
differs in the petals, the greater number of stamens,<br />
the much less tomentose inflorescence and<br />
flowers, the larger flowers, and the more crowded<br />
inflorescences.<br />
7-87. Hirtella pauci<strong>flora</strong> Little, J. Wash. Acad.<br />
Sci. 38: 88. 1948. Fig. 141.<br />
Additional specimens examined. ECUADOR. LOS<br />
RIOS: Jauneche forest, Canton Vinces, 1 Oct 1979 (fl),<br />
Dodson et al. 8655 (NY); Rio Palenque Biological Station,<br />
km 56, Quevedo to Santo Domingo, 6 Mar 1974<br />
(fl), Dodson 5464 (US).<br />
Local name. coquito.
96 Flora Neotropica<br />
Additional Notes and Descriptions<br />
of Species of Acioa<br />
Distribution of Acioa as a whole is seen in<br />
Figure 153.<br />
8-1. Acioa guianensis Aublet, Hist. pl. Guiane<br />
2: 698, t. 280. 1775.<br />
Acioa remains the most poorly known genus<br />
of <strong>neotropica</strong>l Chrysobalanaceae. Very few col-<br />
lections have been made of this apparently very<br />
rare species.<br />
A recent collection of A. guianensis from the<br />
Municipality of Manicore on the Madeira River<br />
is the first reliable collection from Central Ama-<br />
zonia and confirms the likelihood that seeds col-<br />
lected by Ducke and grown in the Botanical Gar-<br />
den of Rio de Janeiro are really from the Rio<br />
Purus region. All previous collections of this<br />
species had been made in French Guiana and<br />
adjacent Amapa. See Figure 154.<br />
8. Acioa Aublet<br />
Tree 25 m tall, the trunk slightly buttressed to<br />
0.5 m, the young branches glabrous. Leaf lamina<br />
oblong, thickly coriaceous, 7-17 x 4.5-12 cm,<br />
rounded at base, acuminate at apex, the acumen<br />
2-6 mm long, glabrous on both surfaces, with<br />
two glands near to base of lower surface; midrib<br />
prominulous above, prominent beneath; primary<br />
veins 9-11 pairs, prominent on both surfaces;<br />
secondary venation prominent on both<br />
surfaces. Stipules linear, membranous, 5-8 mm<br />
long, glabrous, caducous. Inflorescences muchbranched,<br />
slightly corymbose panicles, 5-10 cm<br />
long, the rachis and branches glabrous. Receptacle<br />
conical and slightly curved near base, 6-7<br />
mm long, glabrous on exterior, the interior lined<br />
by an extremely thick disc with only a small<br />
hollow, the interior with pilose hairs below insertion<br />
of style, glabrous on other side. Calyx<br />
lobes five, rounded, unequal, 3-5 mm long, glabrous<br />
with two glands on exterior, the margins<br />
ciliate, appressed-puberulous on interior. Petals<br />
five, white, caducous, glabrous, the margins cil-<br />
Additional specimen examined. BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: iate. Stamens<br />
Mun. of Manicore: RADAM SB-20-XA, Point<br />
17-20, inserted in two rows around<br />
9,<br />
60?53'W, 6?50'S (fl), C. D. A. Mota s.n. half of the thick staminal<br />
(INPA 61659).<br />
ring, the other half of<br />
the ring with staminodes, with a circle ofdeflexed<br />
8-3. Acioa schultesii Maguire, Brittonia 7: 272. hairs inserted on interior at base of staminal ring,<br />
1951.<br />
the filaments glabrous, the anthers dorsifixed.<br />
Ovary inserted at mouth of receptacle on the<br />
This species was known until recently only from same side as stamens, glabrous on exterior, glathe<br />
type collection from the Rio Dimite in Brazil. brous within, unilocular; ovules two. Style in-<br />
It has now been collected from the region of San serted at base of ovary towards interior, the swol-<br />
Carlos de Rio Negro in Venezuela, where it is len base pilose, the filamentous portion glabrous,<br />
apparently quite common, occurring frequently equalling stamens in length. Fruit ellipsoid, 6-<br />
in the IVIC ecological study sites in the region 7.5 cm long, 4-5 cm broad, exocarp glabrous,<br />
(see Fig. 154). It is a tree 20-40 m tall, flowering lenticellate; mesocarp 12-14 mm thick; endoin<br />
June-August and known locally as pasista. carp thin and bony, fragile, glabrous within, the<br />
cotyledons completely filling the central cavity.<br />
Additional specimens examined. VENEZUELA. Germination<br />
AMAZONAS: 4.3 km NE of San Carlos de Rio<br />
epigeal, first leaves opposite.<br />
Negro,<br />
1?56'N, 67?3'W, 19 Jun 1978 (fl), Clark &<br />
Distribution.<br />
Maquirino<br />
Mainly in the basin of the Rio<br />
6661 (FHO, NY), 20 Jul 1978 (fl), Clark & Maquirino<br />
Purus and the central Solimoes.<br />
6737 (FHO, NY), 3 Aug 1978 (fl), Clark & Maquirino Habitat. Forest on terra firme.<br />
6740 (FHO, NY), 25 Jul 1978 (fl), Clark & Maquirino<br />
6753 (fl) (NY), 25 Aug 1981 (fl), Clark 8211(NY), 5 Additional<br />
km N<br />
specimens examined. BRAZIL.<br />
of Boca de Casiquiare, 1?57'N, 67008'W, 5 Feb AMAZONAS: Coari, 11<br />
1980 (fr), Liesner & Clark 9107<br />
May 1974 (fr), CampbellP21130<br />
(MO, NY).<br />
(INPA, NY); 10 Feb 1975 (fl), Ramos P23251 (FHO,<br />
INPA, MG, NY); Lago de Tefe, 9 May 1974 (st),<br />
8-4. Acioa edulis Prance, Acta Amaz6nica<br />
Campbell P21129 (INPA, NY), 20 Nov 1959 (fr), Ro-<br />
2(1):<br />
drigues & L. Coelho 1408 (INPA); Rio Ituxi, Boca do<br />
12-16. 1971. Couepia edulis (Prance) Prance, Remanzinho, 1933 (fl bud), Krukoff5822A (NY); Ma-<br />
Acta Amazonica 5: 143. 1975.<br />
nua, Lago de Tefe, 13 Jul 1973 (fr), Lleras et al. P16655
Systematic Treatment 97<br />
(INPA, NY); Santo Ant6nio de Iga, 19 Aug 1973 (fr),<br />
Lleras et al. P17397 (INPA, NY).<br />
Local name. castanha de cotia.<br />
Uses. The fleshy cotyledons are edible and the<br />
fruits are gathered in large numbers by Brazilians<br />
in the Rio Ituxi region. The kernel is eaten raw<br />
or is crushed and added to their tapioca cakes<br />
(beiju). Its oil is also extracted and used for cooking<br />
and soap making.<br />
The fact that I have already placed this most<br />
distinctive new species in two genera indicates<br />
9-1. Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance in<br />
F. White, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat. 46: 308. 1976.<br />
The eight genera treated above are those in-<br />
digenous to the neotropics. The monotypic West<br />
African genus Neocarya is grown at the Summit<br />
Botanical Garden in Panama and so it is men-<br />
tioned briefly here. Neocarya is described in full<br />
in Prance and White (1988), and is a segregate<br />
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS<br />
its problematic nature. It is quite unlike any others.<br />
It resembles Acioa vegetatively and in many<br />
<strong>flora</strong>l features, but does not have what was previously<br />
considered to be the central, uniting character<br />
of the genus: the stamens fused into a ligule.<br />
A recent review of the genera (Prance & White,<br />
1988) showed that it is best placed inAcioa rather<br />
than Couepia even though it does not have the<br />
fused stamens. This species forms a link with<br />
Couepia, a genus in which fused stamens never<br />
occur.<br />
9. Neocarya Prance<br />
I am especially grateful to Mrs. Edith Topfler<br />
for the preparation of most of the distribution<br />
maps and for many hours of painstaking vol-<br />
unteer work for this project. I also particularly<br />
thank Carol Gracie for the preparation of the<br />
final version of the maps, and Bobbi Angell for<br />
drawings of the new species. I am grateful to<br />
Rosemary Lawlor and Mickey Maroncelli for the<br />
typing and word processing of various drafts of<br />
this manuscript and to H. David Hammond,<br />
William R. Anderson, and two anonymous re-<br />
viewers for reviewing an earlier draft. Most of<br />
from the closely related genus Parinari. It differs<br />
in the large gibbous receptacle, the greater num-<br />
ber of stamens and the very different fruit struc-<br />
ture.<br />
Specimen examined. PANAMA. CANAL AREA: Sum-<br />
mit Garden, 6 May 1986 (fl), de Nevers et al. 7726<br />
(MO, NY).<br />
LITERATURE CITED<br />
Berlin, B. & G. T. Prance. 1978. Insect galls and<br />
human ornamentation. The ethnobotanical significance<br />
of a new species of Licania from Amazonas,<br />
Peru. Biotropica 10: 81-86.<br />
Demchenko, N. I. 1973. The pollen morphology of<br />
the family Chrysobalanaceae. Pages 69-73 in Pollen<br />
and spore morphology of recent plants (in Russian).<br />
Proc. 3rd Int. Palynol. Conf., Acad. Sci.<br />
USSR.<br />
Espinal T., S. 1981. El frbol raro de Comfama en<br />
Rionegro. Flora Antioquenia 1: 1-3.<br />
Goulding, M. 1980. The fishes and the forest: Explorations<br />
in Amazonian natural history. University<br />
of California Press, Berkeley.<br />
my fieldwork, which has been essential for an Letouzey, R. & F. White. 1976. Chrysobalanacees<br />
understanding for the family, has been supported nouvelles du Cameroun et du Gabon. Adansonia,<br />
by a series of grants from the National Science Ser. 2, 16: 229-243.<br />
--<br />
Foundation, lately by grant BSR-8409536 which<br />
& . 1978a. Chrysobalanacees. In Flore<br />
du Cameroun 20: 1-128, 237-247. Museum Nais<br />
gratefully acknowledged. I am grateful to col- tional d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.<br />
laborators in many <strong>neotropica</strong>l herbaria and bo- & . 1978b. Chrysobalanacees. In Flore<br />
tanical institutions, especially to the directors and du Gabon 24: 138, 194-201. Museum National<br />
staffs of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.<br />
Amaz6nia (INPA) in Manaus, Brazil, and of the Mori, S. A., B. M. Boom & G. T. Prance. 1981. Distribution<br />
patterns and conservation of eastern Bra-<br />
Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MG) in Belem, zilian coast forest tree species. Brittonia 33: 233-<br />
Brazil. I am especially grateful to David Johnson 245.<br />
for much editorial assistance.<br />
Patel, V., J. J. Skvarla & P. H. Raven. 1983. Pollen
98 Flora Neotropica<br />
ultrastructure of Chrysobalanaceae. Vidya 26: 1- tropical species with relation to history, dispersal<br />
10.<br />
and ecology, with special reference to Chrysobala-<br />
Prance, G. T. 1968. Maranthes (Chrysobalanaceae), naceae, Caryocaraceae and Lecythidaceae. Pages<br />
a new generic record for America. Brittonia 20: 59-87 in K. Larsen & L. B. Holm-Nielsen (eds.),<br />
203-204.<br />
Tropical botany. Academic Press, New York.<br />
. 1970. The genera of Chrysobalanaceae in the . 1981. Notes on Couepia and Hirtella (Chryssoutheastern<br />
United States. J. Arold Arbor. 51: obalanaceae). Brittonia 33: 347-356.<br />
521-528.<br />
. 1982a. Forest refuges: Evidences from woody<br />
. 1972. Monograph of Chrysobalanaceae. Fl. angiosperms. Pages 137-151 in G. T. Prance (ed.),<br />
Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 1-406.<br />
Biological diversification in the tropics. Columbia<br />
. 1973. New and interesting Chrysobalanaceae University Press, New York.<br />
from Amazonia. Acta Amaz6nica 2(1): 7-16.<br />
. 1982b. Chrysobalanaceae. Flora de Vene-<br />
. 1974a. Supplementary studies of American zuela 14(2): 325-487.<br />
Chrysobalanaceae. Acta Amaz6nica 4(1): 17-23.<br />
1984. New taxa of Amazonian Chrysobala-<br />
1974b. A new Peruvian species of chirop- naceae. Acta Amaz6nica 13: 21-30.<br />
terophilous Couepia (Chrysobalanaceae). Britto- 1986a. Studies on the <strong>flora</strong> of the Guianas.<br />
nia 26: 302-304.<br />
19: New taxa of Chrysobalanaceae for the <strong>flora</strong> of<br />
1974c. A note on Couepia cognata (Steud.) the Guianas. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch.,<br />
Fritsch and related species (Chrysobalanaceae). Ser. C. 89: 111-116.<br />
Acta Bot. Venez. 9: 119-122.<br />
. 986b. Flora of the Guianas Series A: Pha-<br />
1974d. Phytogeographic support for the the- nerogams. Family 85. Chrysobalanaceae. Koeltz<br />
ory of Pleistocene forest refuges in the Amazon Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Federal Republic of<br />
Basin based on evidence for distribution patterns Germany.<br />
in Caryocaraceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Dichapeta- . 1987. Notulae de Chrysobalanaceis Malelaceae<br />
and Lecythidaceae. Acta Amaz6nica 3(3): sianis Praecursoriae. Brittonia 39: 364-370.<br />
5-28.<br />
. In press. Chrysobalanaceae. In C. Kalkman<br />
1975. The correct name for castanha de cutia (ed.), Flora Malesiana.<br />
(Couepia edulis (Prance) Prance-Chrysobalana- - & A. R. A. Gorts van Rijn. 1976. Chrysobalceae).<br />
Acta Amaz6nica 5(2): 39-41.<br />
anaceae. Pages 524-555 in J. Lanjouw & A. L.<br />
. 1976. Additions to <strong>neotropica</strong>l Chrysobal- Stoffers. Additions and corrections to the Flora of<br />
anaceae. Brittonia 28: 209-230.<br />
Suriname 2(2).<br />
.1977a. Two new species for the <strong>flora</strong> of Pan- -& S. A. Mori. 1983. Dispersal and distribuama.<br />
Brittonia 29: 154-158.<br />
tion of Lecythidaceae and Chrysobalanaceae. Son-<br />
. 977b. The phytogeographic subdivisions of derb. Naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg 7: 163-186.<br />
Amazonia and their influence on the selection of & F. White. 1979. Resurrection of the genus<br />
biological reserves. Pages 195-213 in G. T. Prance Dactyladenia (Chrysobalanaceae). Brittonia 31:<br />
& T. S. Elias (eds.), Extinction is forever. The New 483-487.<br />
York Botanical Garden, New York.<br />
& . 1988. A generic monograph of the<br />
.1979a. New genera and species of Chryso- Chrysobalanaceae and its relevance to practical<br />
balanaceae from Malesia and Oceania. Brittonia and theoretical taxonomy and evolutionary biol-<br />
31: 79-95.<br />
ogy. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B. 320: 1-184.<br />
. 1979b. Two new species of <strong>neotropica</strong>l Spichiger, R. & D. Masson. 1984. The Chrysobalana-<br />
Chrysobalanaceae. Brittonia 31: 248-252.<br />
ceae of the Arboretum Jenaro Herrera. 5th Con-<br />
.1979c. New and interesting species of Chrys- tribution to the study of the <strong>flora</strong> and vegetation<br />
obalanaceae. Acta Amaz6nica 8: 577-589.<br />
of the Peruvian Amazon. Candollea 39: 13-44.<br />
. 1979d. Chrysobalanaceae. In G. Harling & Tobe, H. & P. H. Raven. 1984. An embryological<br />
B. Sparre (eds.), Flora of Ecuador 10: 1-24. Stock- contribution to systematics of the Chrysobalanaholm,<br />
Sweden.<br />
ceae I. Tribe Chrysobalaneae. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo)<br />
1979e. The taxonomy and phytogeography 97:397-411.<br />
of the Chrysobalanaceae of the Atlantic coastal White, F. 1976. The taxonomy, ecology and chorolforests<br />
of Brazil. Revis. Brasil. Bot. 2: 19-39. ogy of the African Chrysobalanaceae (excluding<br />
1979f. Distribution patterns of lowland neo- Acioa). Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat. 46: 265-350.
Numerical List of Taxa 99<br />
Numerical List of Taxa, Collecting History, Status of Endangerment and Figure<br />
Numbers. Taxa in boldface described since 1972<br />
Map Number of Exsiccatae<br />
Fig.<br />
No. 1972 May 1987 Status'<br />
1. Chrysobalanus<br />
1.<br />
2.<br />
3.<br />
C. icaco L. ............. ................................................... 20<br />
C. cuspidatus Griseb. ex. Duss............................................ . 21<br />
C. venezuelanus Prance .....................................................21<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
0<br />
217<br />
3<br />
5 R<br />
2. Licania<br />
1. L. michauxii Prance .......-............ ..... ..... 61 >10<br />
2. L. boliviensis Prance ................................. ....... ... 28 3<br />
3. L. m aritim a Prance .................................................................... 59 3<br />
4. L. durifolia Cuatrec. ............-....................... .......<br />
36 4<br />
4.1. L. filomenoi Prance ............................................ . 38 -<br />
4.2. L. grandibracteata Prance ................................................. 38 -<br />
5. L. macrocarpa Cuatrec ......................... .......... .........42 2<br />
5.1. L. gentryi Prance ........................................ ....................40 -<br />
5.2. L. cabrerae Prance .............-...................... 30 -<br />
5.3. L. fasciculata Prance ..........................-.......... 38 -<br />
5.4. L. montana Prance .................................................... 65 -1<br />
6. L. salzmannii (Hook. f.) Fritsch .- ............................. 77 5<br />
7. L. klugii Prance ..............................................<br />
-51 1<br />
8. L. guianensis (Aubl.) Griseb .....................-............. .. 43 >10<br />
9. L. retifolia Blake .... ................. ..........................73 ...<br />
2<br />
10. L. longipedicellata Ducke ..........................-........... 57 2<br />
11. L. tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch ....................-................ 82 >10<br />
12. L. pyrifolia Griseb ............. -73 ............................ .<br />
>10<br />
13. L. leucosepala Griseb. .......................................................55 10<br />
13.1. L. dodsonii Prance ........................................ ..................155 -<br />
14. L. angustata Prance .............................................. . 23 2<br />
14.1. L. anneae Prance ........................................... . 23 -<br />
15. L. platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch ............-....................... 72 >10<br />
16. L. gonzalezii Miranda .................-......................... 42 2<br />
17. L. egleri Prance ...................-............... ... 37 >10<br />
18. L. minuti<strong>flora</strong> (Sagot) Fritsch ...................-................... 64 >10<br />
18.1. L. chiriquiensis Prance .......................................... . 33 -<br />
18.2. L. kallunkiae Prance .....................-.........-.. ......................51 -<br />
18.3. L. guatemalensis Lundell .........................-................... 43 -<br />
19. L. maranhensis Prance ...................................................... 60 1<br />
20. L. fritschii Prance ............................................... . 39 4<br />
21. L. britteniana Fritsch ....-...................... ...<br />
.. 29 >10<br />
21.1. L. cecidiophora Prance ..................................................30 -<br />
22. L. unguiculata Prance .-......................... ....... .<br />
83 8<br />
23. L. longipetala Prance ....................-.......-.....-..-- . 57 3<br />
23.1. L. tachirensis Prance .....................-........................ . 81 -<br />
24. L. wurdackii Prance .........................-........... .. 85 -<br />
25. L. turbinata Benth. ....................................... ...................84 9<br />
26. L. lata Macbr .................... ............................. 53 >10<br />
46<br />
0<br />
1<br />
6<br />
1<br />
4<br />
10<br />
1<br />
1<br />
3<br />
3<br />
2<br />
14<br />
1<br />
2<br />
11<br />
24<br />
14<br />
2<br />
0<br />
1<br />
31<br />
2<br />
45<br />
16<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0<br />
15<br />
4<br />
15<br />
7<br />
1<br />
12<br />
2<br />
21<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R, E<br />
R<br />
R, E<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R, E<br />
R<br />
R<br />
27. L. apetala (E. Mey.) Fritsch<br />
a. var. apetala ..--.........................--....... 24<br />
b. var. aperta (Benth.) Prance .......................-............ 24<br />
27.1. L. granvillei Prance ....................................................... . 42<br />
28. L. parvifolia Huber ............-.............................. 71<br />
29. L. maguirei Prance .......................................... 59<br />
30. L. gardneri (Hook. f.) Fritsch ....................................... 40<br />
31. L. cuspidata (Rusby) Prance ....................................... 34<br />
31.1. L. jefensis Prance .......................................-...... . 50<br />
31.2. L. morii Prance ..............-........-............... 65<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
-13<br />
-45<br />
3<br />
>10<br />
1<br />
-<br />
-<br />
132<br />
65<br />
0<br />
22<br />
0<br />
6<br />
1<br />
R<br />
R, E<br />
R
100 Flora Neotropica<br />
Continued<br />
Map<br />
Fig.<br />
No.<br />
Number of Exsiccatae<br />
1972 May 1987 Status'<br />
32. L. sparsipilis Blake .................................................................................<br />
79 7<br />
32.1. L. cuatrecasasii Prance ....................................................................... 34-<br />
6<br />
2<br />
32.2. L. mexicana Lundell .............................................................................<br />
60- 1 R<br />
33. L. emarginata Hook. f. ...................................................................... 389 2<br />
33.1. L. joseramosii Prance .............................. ................ .. .............. ... 51- 1<br />
34. L. calvescens Cuatrec. ..-.--.............-....-...... ......... 30 2 2<br />
35. L. persaudii Fanshawe & Maguire . ............................................ 71 9 1<br />
36. L. sprucei (Hook. f.) Fritsch . ............. ..... 79 >10 21<br />
37. L. sclerophylla (Mart. ex Hook. f.) Fritsch ......................... 78 >10 30<br />
38. L. albi<strong>flora</strong> Fanshawe & Maguire .................................... 23 2 0<br />
39. L. longistyla (Hook. f.) Fritsch . .................................. 58 >10 47<br />
40. L. fuchsii Prance ....................................... ....................................... 39 1 0<br />
41. L. humilis Cham. & Schlecht. ............................ ... 47 >10 34<br />
42. L. foveolata Prance ............................................................................ 39 2 0<br />
43. L. octandra (Hoffmgg. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze<br />
a. subsp. octandra .................................................................................<br />
67 >10 63<br />
b. subsp. pallida (Hook. f.) Prance ........................................... 68 >10 76<br />
c. subsp. grandifolia Prance ......................................................... 68 0 8<br />
44. L. rigida Benth. .......................................................................................<br />
74 >10 9<br />
45. L. arborea Seem. .....................................................................................<br />
26 >10 60<br />
46. L. velata Cuatrec . ....................................................................................<br />
85 1 3<br />
47. L. subarachnophylla Cuatrec. ........................................................ 80 2 2<br />
47.1. L. tambopatensis Prance .................................................................... 62- 1<br />
48. L. salicifolia Cuatrec ...........................................................................<br />
76 1 4<br />
49. L. araneosa Taub. ....................... ................................................ 25 4 0<br />
50. L. silvatica Glaziou ex Prance . .....................................................<br />
79 1 0<br />
51. L. chocoensis Cuatrec. ......................................................................... 33 3 4<br />
52. L. licanii<strong>flora</strong> (Sagot) Blake . ........................................ 56 >10 27<br />
53. L. hirsuta Prance . ................................... .. 46 2 7<br />
54. L. costaricensis Standl. & Steyerm . .............................. 32 1 0<br />
55. L. krukovii Standl. .................. ...............................................................<br />
51 4 4<br />
56. L. lasseri Maguire ....................... ............................. ......... 54 8 14<br />
57. L. latifolia Benth. ex Hook. f. ....................................................... 54 >10 31<br />
57.1. L. hispida Prance ....................................................................................<br />
46 -1<br />
58. L. minuscula Cuatrec .......................................................... 63 1 1<br />
59. L. operculipetala Standl. & L. 0. Wms. 68 2 0<br />
60. L. reticulata Prance ...............................................................................<br />
75 >10 21<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R, E<br />
R, E<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R, E<br />
60.1. L. pakaraimensis Prance ............................................................... 70-<br />
61. L. arachnoidea Fanshawe & Maguire . ...................-- ...... 25 2<br />
62. L. oblongifolia Standl ....i.... .......................................... 66 >10<br />
63. L. macrophylla Benth. .................... ................................. 58 >10<br />
64. L. caudata Prance ..................................................................................<br />
31 3<br />
5<br />
1<br />
20<br />
27<br />
24<br />
R<br />
64.1. L. miltonii Prance ................................................................................ 64-<br />
65. L. latistipula Prance ..............................................................................<br />
54 4<br />
66. L. divaricata Benth. ..............................................................................<br />
36 >10<br />
2<br />
2<br />
5<br />
67. L. glabrifora Prance .............................................................................<br />
41 5<br />
68. L. intrapetiolaris Spruce ex Hook. f. ........................................ 50 8<br />
69. L. heteromorpha Benth.<br />
a. var. heteromorpha ........................................................................ 44 >10<br />
b. var. glabra (Mart. ex Hook. f.) Prance ........................... 45 >10<br />
c. var. subcordata Fritsch ................................................................ 45 4<br />
d. var. perplexans Sandw. ............................................................... 45 >10<br />
e. var. revoluta Prance .......................................................................-<br />
69.1. L. laevigata Prance -..............................-......... -<br />
62-9<br />
69.2. L. occultans Prance .......................................................................... 62-<br />
70. L. glazioviana Warm ..........................................................................<br />
41 2<br />
4<br />
31<br />
213<br />
93<br />
1<br />
0<br />
1<br />
2<br />
1<br />
R<br />
R
Numerical List of Taxa 101<br />
Continued<br />
Map<br />
Fig.<br />
No.<br />
Number of Exsiccatae<br />
1972 May 1987 Status'<br />
71. L. littoralis Warm.<br />
a. var. littoralis ....................................................................................<br />
57 8<br />
b. var. cuneata Kuhlm .....................................................................<br />
72. L. fanshawei Prance .............................................................................<br />
38 5<br />
73. L. irwinii Prance ......................................................................................<br />
503<br />
73.1. L. marleneae Prance ..............................................................................<br />
60-<br />
74. L. cyathodes R. Ben .................................................... 35 4<br />
75. L. polita Spruce ex Hook. f. ..................-............................ 72 >10<br />
76. L. silvae Prance ........................................................................................<br />
78 3<br />
77. L. densi<strong>flora</strong> Kleinh ..............................................................................<br />
36 >10<br />
78. L. cuprea Sandw ....................................................................................<br />
34 8<br />
78.1. L. arianeae ...................................................................................................<br />
27 -2<br />
79. L. impressa Prance ...............................................................................<br />
49 4<br />
80. L. dealbata Hook. f ........................................................................... 35 >10<br />
80.1. L. santosii Prance ........................................................................... 77-<br />
81. L. pallida Spruce ex Sagot ............................................................... 69 >10<br />
82. L. gracilipes Taub .................................................................................<br />
42 >10<br />
83. L. parvifructa Fanshawe & M aguire .. .................................... 71 7<br />
84. L. cymosa Fritsch -............. - .............. .......... 35 3<br />
85. L. ternatensis Hook. f. ex Duss ..-............... ............ 82 >10<br />
86. L. membranacea Sagot ex Lanes .............................................. 61 >10<br />
87. L. piresii Prance .......................................................................................<br />
73 3<br />
87.1. L.furfuracea Prance .............................................................................<br />
40-<br />
88. L. hypoleuca Benth.<br />
a. var. hypoleuca .........-.............................. 48 >10<br />
b. var. foveolata Prance ................................................................2<br />
89. L. boyanii Tutin ..-........................... ......... 28 5<br />
90. L. buxifolia Sandw ...............................................................................<br />
29 3<br />
91. L. orbicularis Spruce ex Hook. f. ................................................ 69 7<br />
92. L. niloi Prance ......................................................................................<br />
66 1<br />
93. L. coriacea Benth ................................................................................<br />
32 >10<br />
94. L. urceolaris Hook. f. ..........................................................................<br />
84 8<br />
95. L. affinis Fritsch .......................................................................................<br />
22 >10<br />
95.1. L. teixeirae Prance .................................................................................<br />
81 -1<br />
96. L. glauca Cuatrec ..................................................................................<br />
41 3<br />
97. L. davillifolia Benoist ....................................... 35 >10<br />
98. L. elliptica Standl. ..................................................................................<br />
37 7<br />
99. L. canescens Benoist .............................................................................<br />
31 >10<br />
100. L. couepiifolia Prance ..........................................................................<br />
32 1<br />
100.1. L. naviculistipula Prance ...................................... 65 2<br />
101. L. trigonioides M acbr. ....................................... 82 1<br />
102. L. cordata Prance ............................................................................... 33 5<br />
103. L. foldatsii Prance ..................................................................................<br />
39 8<br />
104. L. hebantha M art. ex Hook. f. ........................................ 46 3<br />
105. L. steyermarkii M aguire ..............-........................ 80 5<br />
106. L. subrotundata M aguire ................................................................ 81 7<br />
107. L. crassivenia Spruce ex Hook. f. ............................................... 32 1<br />
108. L. majuscula Sagot ................................................................................<br />
59 >10<br />
108.1. L. jimenezii Prance ................................................................................<br />
50 -<br />
109. L. alba (Bern.) Cuatrec ..................................................................... 22 >10<br />
110. L. hitchcockii M aguire ....................................................................... 46 2<br />
111. L. sandwithii Prance ......................................................................... 77 1<br />
112. L. laxi<strong>flora</strong> Fritsch .............................................................................. 55 >10<br />
113. L. rufescens Klotzsch ex Fritsch ................................... 76 >10<br />
114. L. kunthiana Hook. f. ......................................................................... 52 >10<br />
115. L. bellingtonii Prance ...........................................................................<br />
27 1<br />
6<br />
0<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
13<br />
10<br />
35<br />
1<br />
6<br />
22<br />
4<br />
46<br />
8<br />
14<br />
5<br />
3<br />
20<br />
3<br />
1<br />
103<br />
0<br />
4<br />
4<br />
3<br />
1<br />
8<br />
17<br />
5<br />
2<br />
5<br />
9<br />
89<br />
1<br />
0<br />
0<br />
3<br />
3<br />
2<br />
4<br />
2<br />
8<br />
15<br />
4<br />
27<br />
0<br />
0<br />
11<br />
5<br />
60<br />
0<br />
R, E<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R, E<br />
R, E<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R, E<br />
R, E<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R, E
102 Flora Neotropica<br />
Continued<br />
Map Number of Exsiccatae<br />
Fig.<br />
No. 1972 May 1987 Status'<br />
116. L. compacta Fritsch ....-.......................... ..... 33 1<br />
117. L. ovalifolia Kleinh ......................................................... . 69 9<br />
118. L. caldasiana Cuatrec. ......................................................30 3<br />
119. L. savannarum Prance .......................................................77 >10<br />
119.1. L. stewardii Prance ...........................................................80 -<br />
120. L. microphylla Fanshawe & Maguire ..................................... 61 1<br />
121. L. triandra Mart. ex Hook. f. ................................ 83 7<br />
121.1. L. tocantina Prance ...............................................................................<br />
82 -<br />
122. L. discolor Pilg............................................................... 36 >10<br />
123. L. apiculata Prance ............................................. . 25 3<br />
124. L. micrantha Miq .................................................................................<br />
63 0<br />
125. L. pruinosa Benoist ...............................................................................<br />
73 5<br />
126. L. nitida Hook. f. .................. ................. ........... 66 9<br />
126.1. L. aracaensis Prance .................................................. 25 -<br />
127. L. riedelii Prance .....................................................................................<br />
75 4<br />
128. L. bracteata Prance ......................................... .......................... 29 8<br />
129. L. parvi<strong>flora</strong> Benth ......................................................... 70 >10<br />
130. L. robusta Sagot .................................................... ... 75 8<br />
130.1. L. lamentanda Prance ................................................ 53 -<br />
131. L. lanceolata Prance ............................................... 53 2<br />
132. L. spicata Hook. f. ........................................................... 79 >10<br />
133. L. stricta Kleinh ........................................................... 80 1<br />
134. L. leptostachya Benth ...................................................... . 56 >10<br />
135. L. incana Aubl. .....................................................................................<br />
49 >10<br />
135.1. L. nelsonii Prance ...........................................................62 -<br />
136. L. paraensis Prance ...........................................................70 4<br />
137. L. vaupesiana Killip & Cuatrec. ....................................... 84 3<br />
138. L. bahiensis Prance ....................... ............ ...... ... 27 1<br />
139. L. maxima Prance .. .................. 60 1<br />
140. L. mollis Benth. .......................................................................................<br />
65 >10<br />
141. L. blackii Prance .................................................. 28 >10<br />
142. L. rodriguesii Prance ........................................ . 76 8<br />
143. L. indurata Pilg .............................................. 49 2<br />
144. L. hoehneiPilg. ...............................................................47 >10<br />
144.1. L. harlingii Prance ...........................................................43 -<br />
145. L. cruegeriana Urb ......................................................... 34 >10<br />
146. L. belemii Prance ..................................................................................<br />
27 1<br />
147. L. splendens (Korth.) Prance ........................-............<br />
.......-- Asiatic<br />
147.1. L. palawanensis Prance ................................................................. - Asiatic<br />
147.2. L. fusicarpa (Kosterm.) Prance ....................................... - Asiatic<br />
148. L. veneralensis Cuatrec. ........................................................... 85 1<br />
149. L. amapaensis Prance ...................................................... . 23 1<br />
150. L. tepuiensis Prance ..........................................................81 1<br />
151. L. obtusifolia Fritsch -1.....................................-<br />
152. L. roraimensis Standl ..................................................... . 76 1<br />
3. Parinari<br />
0<br />
3<br />
0<br />
21<br />
16<br />
0<br />
7<br />
3<br />
12<br />
0<br />
64<br />
0<br />
5<br />
4<br />
2<br />
8<br />
33<br />
3<br />
3<br />
23<br />
1<br />
0<br />
46<br />
21<br />
2<br />
6<br />
1<br />
1<br />
1<br />
43<br />
19<br />
6<br />
1<br />
15<br />
8<br />
10<br />
6<br />
11<br />
4<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R, E<br />
E<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R, E<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
1. P. campestris Aubl. .................................. .................. . 87 >10<br />
2. P. montana Aubl ....................................... 90 >10<br />
3. P. rodolphii Huber .................................................. 92 >10<br />
3.1. P. alvimii Prance ..................................................... . 87-<br />
4. P. excelsa Sabine ................................................. .... 89 >10<br />
5. P. occidentalis Prance ........................................................91 4<br />
6. P. sprucei Hook. f. ................................................................................<br />
92 7<br />
7. P. pachyphylla Rusby ..........................................................................<br />
91 >10<br />
8. P. brasiliensis (Schott) Hook. f. .......................................... 87 2<br />
9. P. klugii Prance ...............................................................88 1<br />
29<br />
14<br />
15<br />
2<br />
126<br />
8<br />
21<br />
35<br />
3<br />
11<br />
R
Numerical List of Taxa 103<br />
Continued<br />
Map<br />
Fig.<br />
Number of Exsiccatae<br />
No. 1972 May 1987 Status'<br />
10.<br />
11.<br />
P. maguirei Prance ...........................................................<br />
P. littoralis Prance ........................................................<br />
90<br />
88<br />
2<br />
1<br />
3<br />
6<br />
12.<br />
13.<br />
14.<br />
15.<br />
P. parvifolia Sandw. .................................... .................. 91<br />
P. cardiophylla Ducke .................. ................. ................... 88<br />
P. parilis Macbr ...................................................................................... 91<br />
P. chocoensis Prance ................................................... ............. ......... ... 88<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
1<br />
0<br />
12<br />
4<br />
R<br />
16.<br />
17.<br />
P. obtusifolia Hook. f. ....................-................<br />
P. romeroi Prance .......................................................<br />
90<br />
92<br />
>10<br />
2<br />
28<br />
3<br />
4. Exellodendron<br />
1.<br />
2.<br />
3.<br />
4.<br />
5.<br />
E. coriaceum (Benth.) Prance ............................................... 95<br />
E. cordatum (Hook. f.) Prance .............................................. 94<br />
E. barbatum (Ducke) Prance ........................................................ 94<br />
E. gardneri (Hook. f.) Prance .................................................. 95<br />
E. gracile (Kuhlm.) Prance .............................................................. 95<br />
>10<br />
5<br />
>10<br />
6<br />
1<br />
24<br />
18<br />
30<br />
10<br />
2 R, E<br />
5. Maranthes<br />
1. M. panamensis (Standl.) Prance & White 153 4 12<br />
6. Couepia<br />
1.<br />
(2.)<br />
C. guianensis Aubl.<br />
a. var. guianensis 1>.......10................................................ 105 >10<br />
b. var. glandulosa (Miq.) Prance ............................................... 105 >10<br />
c. var. divaricata (Hub.) Prance ............................................ 104 >10<br />
C. glandulosa Miq.<br />
66<br />
18<br />
14<br />
= 3.<br />
(4.)<br />
C. guianensis var. glandulosa .. -<br />
C. paraensis (Mart. & Zucc.) Benth.<br />
a. subsp. paraensis .............................................................................. 112 >10<br />
b. subsp. glaucescens (Spruce ex Hook. f.) Prance ....... 112 4<br />
c. subsp. cerradoana Prance ................................................ 112 4<br />
C. leptostachya Benth. ex Hook. f. =<br />
C. guianensis var. guianensis .............................................<br />
36<br />
114<br />
4<br />
-<br />
5.<br />
6.<br />
C. maguirei Prance .................................... .<br />
....... 108 4<br />
C. sandwithii Prance 1.. 115 4<br />
1<br />
4<br />
6.1. C. bernardii Prance ........................................................ 97 - 14<br />
6.2. C. monteclarensis Prance .......2................................... - 2<br />
7. C. parillo DC ................................................................. 115<br />
8. C. steyermarkii Maguire ................................... ......... 116<br />
8.1. C. canescens (Gleason) Prance . ................. .................. 98<br />
9. C. canomensis (Mart.) Benth. ex Hook. f. .......................... 98<br />
10. C. foveolata Prance ......................................................... . 103<br />
11. C. magnoliifolia Benth. ex Hook. f. ........................................ 108<br />
12. C. exflexa Fanshawe & Maguire ........................................... 103<br />
13. C. habrantha Standl . ....................................................... 106<br />
>10<br />
1<br />
1<br />
>10<br />
7<br />
>10<br />
3<br />
>10<br />
32<br />
3<br />
21<br />
3<br />
21<br />
0<br />
7<br />
R<br />
13.1. C. scottmorii Prance .......................................................... 115 - I R, E<br />
13.2. C. carautae Prance ................................ ...... . 99<br />
14. C. spicata Ducke ................................................... 115<br />
15. C. bracteosa Benth. ........................... ................... . 98<br />
16. C. subcordata Benth. ex Hook. f. .................................... . 116<br />
17. C. belemii Prance .................................................... . 97<br />
-<br />
1<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
3<br />
1<br />
7<br />
40<br />
11<br />
6<br />
R, E<br />
18.<br />
19.<br />
C. caryophylloides Benoist ................................................. .<br />
a. subsp. caryophylloides ...............................<br />
b. subsp. glabra Prance ....................................... ............ .-<br />
C. excelsa Ducke ...............................................102<br />
99<br />
>10<br />
4<br />
>10<br />
1<br />
2<br />
20.<br />
21.<br />
22.<br />
23.<br />
C. uiti (Mart. & Zucc.) Benth. ex Hook. f. ......................... 117<br />
C. cataractae Ducke ................................................ 99<br />
C. macrophylla Spruce ex Hook. f. ........................................ 108<br />
C. krukovii Standl ................................. ........ ............ .... 107<br />
>10<br />
8<br />
9<br />
2<br />
10<br />
16<br />
3<br />
2
104 Flora Neotropica<br />
Continued<br />
Map<br />
Number of Exsiccatae<br />
Fig.<br />
No. 1972 May 1987 Status'<br />
24. C. latifolia Standl. ............................................................... 107<br />
25. C. ovalifolia (Schott) Benth .......................................1..... 111<br />
26. C. schottii Fritsch ................................................................. . 115<br />
27. C. grandi<strong>flora</strong> (Mart. & Zucc.) Benth. ex Hook. f........ 104<br />
28. C. elata Ducke ..................................................... 102<br />
29. C. racemosa Benth. ex Hook. f. ............................. ........... . 113<br />
29.1. C. amaralae Prance ............................................... . . 97<br />
2<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
-<br />
1<br />
23<br />
8<br />
27<br />
7<br />
34<br />
12<br />
30. C. martinii Prance .......................................................... . 109<br />
31. C. bondarii Prance ................................... 97<br />
32. C. insignis Fritsch ..........................................................106<br />
32.1. C. cidiana Prance .................................................. 99<br />
33. C. recurva Spruce ex Prance ................................................. 114<br />
34. C. obovata Ducke ............................................. .. 110<br />
35. C. williamsii M acbr ......................................................... . 118<br />
35.1. C. glabra Prance .......................................................103<br />
35.2. C. marleneae Prance .......................................... 108<br />
36. C. chrysocalyx (Poepp. & Endl.) Benth. ex Hook. f. ...100<br />
37. C. eriantha Spruce ex Hook. f............................................ 102<br />
38. C. trapezioana Cuatrec ......................... ............. 118<br />
39. C. stipularis Ducke ................................ ... 116<br />
40. C. reflexa Ducke ...................................................114<br />
41. C. longipendula Pilg .............................................. ... 107<br />
41.1. C. dolichopoda Prance .......................<br />
. . 101<br />
42. C. cognata (Steud.) Fritsch<br />
a. var. cognata ............................................................101<br />
b. var. major Prance ................................... 101<br />
c. var. membranacea Prance .................................. .. . 101<br />
43. C. multi<strong>flora</strong> Benth. ......... ...................................... . 109<br />
44. C. uleiPilg ..................................................... 117<br />
45. C. comosa Benth .................. ........... . .. .<br />
100<br />
46. C. venosa Prance ...................................................... 118<br />
47. C. polyandra (Kunth) Rose ................................... 113<br />
47.1. C. nutans Prance ........................................... .<br />
109<br />
48. C. platycalyx Cuatrec ............................... ...... 111<br />
49. C. rufa Ducke ......................................................... 114<br />
50. C. robustaHuber .................................................114<br />
51. C. impressa Prance<br />
a. subsp. impressa ........................................ ................ . 106<br />
b. subsp. cabraliae Prance . ....................................... 100<br />
52. C. meridionalis Prance ..............................................109<br />
52.1. C. coarctata Prance ......................................... 100<br />
52.2. C. longipetiolata Prance .................................... 107<br />
53. C. pernambucensis Prance ................ .................... 111<br />
54. C. froesii Prance ........................................................... 103<br />
55. C. parvifolia Prance .........................................................111<br />
7. Hirtella<br />
1<br />
2<br />
5<br />
-<br />
1<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
-2<br />
-<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
4<br />
2<br />
1<br />
>10<br />
-<br />
>10<br />
3<br />
2<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
9<br />
>10<br />
-<br />
2<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
4<br />
-<br />
1<br />
-<br />
-<br />
1<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0<br />
2<br />
2<br />
1<br />
15<br />
22<br />
8<br />
42<br />
5<br />
4<br />
0<br />
0<br />
12<br />
11<br />
3<br />
0<br />
0<br />
5<br />
52<br />
3<br />
1<br />
21<br />
1<br />
4<br />
1<br />
22<br />
3<br />
10<br />
0<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
0<br />
R, E<br />
R, E<br />
R, E<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R, E<br />
E<br />
R, E<br />
R, E<br />
R<br />
R, E<br />
1. H. myrmecophila Pilg .......................... ....... 139<br />
2. H. physophora Mart. & Zucc ............................................. . 142<br />
3. H. vesiculosa Suesseng. ................................................... . 152<br />
4. H. dorvalii Prance ............................... ..... 128<br />
5. H. guainiae Spruce ex Hook. f. ............................................. 132<br />
6. H. duckei Huber . ......................................... .................. . 128<br />
6.1. H. revillae Prance ............................................146<br />
7. H. macrosepala Sandw ........ ........................... 137<br />
8. H. ulei Pilg. .................................................... . 152<br />
9. H. glabrata Pilg ............................................................. 132<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
2<br />
13<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
-<br />
6<br />
10<br />
>10<br />
17<br />
51<br />
0<br />
35<br />
28<br />
2<br />
3<br />
20<br />
11<br />
R
Numerical List of Taxa 105<br />
Continued<br />
Map Number of Exsiccatae<br />
Fig.<br />
No. 1972 May 1987 Status'<br />
9.1. H. conferti<strong>flora</strong> Prance ........................................ 126 - 1 R<br />
10. H. carbonaria Little . ...................... ................ 125 >10 3<br />
11. H. araguariensis Prance ...................................................... 121<br />
11.1. H. barnebyi Prance .......................................................... . 122<br />
11.2. H. m argae Prance .................................................................................. 138<br />
11.3. H. liesneri Prance ............................................. 136<br />
1<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
4<br />
2<br />
3<br />
1<br />
12.<br />
13.<br />
14.<br />
H. cordifolia Prance . ................ .............................................................<br />
126 2<br />
H. insignis Briq. ex Prance 15-----.......................................... 135 2<br />
H. tocantina Ducke 103-----------.. ...................................150 3<br />
0<br />
7<br />
3<br />
R<br />
15. H. piresii Prance ----....................................... 130--<br />
143 0 8<br />
16. H. davisii Sandw ................................8... ........................1280 9<br />
17.<br />
18.<br />
H. subglanduligera Pilg ..................410................... 149<br />
H. ciliata Mart. & Zucc. ..................................................... 126<br />
1<br />
>10<br />
0<br />
45<br />
R, E<br />
19.<br />
20.<br />
21.<br />
H. hoehneiPilg. .............................................................134<br />
H. glandulosa Spreng. ..........................11 >0......... 131<br />
H. bullata Benth ............................................................124<br />
8<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
6<br />
99<br />
54<br />
22. H. americanaL ............................................... . 120<br />
22.1. H. santosii Prance ........ ............................................... 147<br />
23. H. guatemalensis Standl ................................. 133<br />
24. H. eriandra Benth .................. ............................ ........... 129<br />
>10<br />
-<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
65<br />
1<br />
17<br />
49<br />
R, E<br />
25.<br />
26.<br />
27.<br />
28.<br />
29.<br />
30.<br />
31.<br />
32.<br />
33.<br />
34.<br />
35.<br />
H. paniculata Sw ... ........................... 140 >10<br />
H. deflexa Maguire ...................................... .127 1<br />
H. tentaculata Poepp. & Endl .................................................... 150 >10<br />
H. macrophylla Benth. ex Hook. f. ..................................... 138 >10<br />
H. adderleyi Prance .... .......................................... .<br />
120 2<br />
H. punctillata Ducke ............................ ............. ... 143 >10<br />
H. corymbosa Cham. & Schlecht ........................................ 127 4<br />
H. barrosoi Prance .. ........... . 122 >10<br />
H. pendula Soland. ex Lam .................... ................... 141 2<br />
H. leonotis Pittier . . .... ......... 136 1<br />
H. mutisii Cuatrec ....................................... 139 8<br />
78<br />
4<br />
1<br />
8<br />
15<br />
18<br />
0<br />
0<br />
1<br />
7<br />
5<br />
R<br />
36. H. triandra Sw.<br />
37.<br />
a. subsp. triandra ................................. .... 151<br />
b. subsp. punctulata (Miq.) Prance ........................... 152<br />
c. subsp. media (Standl.) Prance ........................................... 152<br />
H. bahiensis Prance ............................................... 122<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
3<br />
187<br />
8<br />
15<br />
3<br />
38. H. latifolia Prance .. .1.......................................136 .<br />
2 14<br />
39.<br />
40.<br />
40.1<br />
41.<br />
42.<br />
43.<br />
44.<br />
45.<br />
46.<br />
47.<br />
48.<br />
H. suffulta Prance . ..................................................................................<br />
149 6<br />
H. elongata Mart. & Zucc ................ .................... 129 >10<br />
H. magnifolia Prance . .......................................138 .<br />
-<br />
H. rodriguesii Prance . ......................................147 5<br />
H. obidensis Ducke ............................................... 140 >10<br />
H. cowanii Prance & Maguire ..-...-........................... . 127 5<br />
H. orbicularis Prance . ......................................140 3<br />
H. guyanensis (Fritsch) Sandw............................................ .... 133 8<br />
H. lightioides Rusby . ............................................................................<br />
137 3<br />
H. aramangensis Prance .-. ...................... .. 121 1<br />
H. rasa Standl ........ ...................... 146 2<br />
15<br />
64<br />
6<br />
12<br />
14<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0<br />
8<br />
0<br />
1<br />
R<br />
R, E<br />
49. H. scabra Benth. .................................................... 148 >10 26<br />
50. H. bicornis Mart. & Zucc.<br />
a. var. bicornis ......................................................123 >10 29<br />
b. var. pubescens Ducke ............................................ . 123 >10 45<br />
51. H. angustissima Sandw ............................ ....... 121 8<br />
52. H. tenuifolia Prance .... . .. 150 3<br />
52.1. H. radamii Prance . ...............................................................................<br />
143 -<br />
1<br />
17<br />
1<br />
53. H. pilosissima Mart. & Zucc ............... ..................... 142 >10 22
106 Flora Neotropica<br />
Continued<br />
Map Number of Exsiccatae<br />
Fig.<br />
No. 1972 May 1987 Status'<br />
54. H. gracilipes (Hook. f.) Prance ............................................. . 143<br />
55. H. brachystachya Spruce ex Benth........................................ 125<br />
55.1. H. arenosa Prance ...................... ...... .. 122<br />
55.2. H. conduplicata Prance ............................................................. 125-<br />
56. H. racemosa Lam.<br />
>10<br />
>10<br />
-<br />
67<br />
10<br />
4<br />
2<br />
57.<br />
58.<br />
59.<br />
60.<br />
61.<br />
62.<br />
63.<br />
64.<br />
65.<br />
66.<br />
67.<br />
a. var. racemosa ........................................................ ... 145 >10<br />
b. var. hexandra (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Prance 144 >10<br />
c. var. glandipedicellata Prance .................................................. 146 2<br />
d. var. hispida Prance ....................................................................... 146 -<br />
H. juruensis Pilg ................................................................................<br />
135 3<br />
H. kuhlmannii Pilg ......................................................... .... 135 2<br />
H. standleyi Baehni & Macbr ..................... ......................... 149 2<br />
H. longifolia Benth. ex Hook. f. .-......................................... 137 1<br />
H. lemsii L. O. Wms. & Prance ........................................... 136 1<br />
H. schultesii Prance .........................-...-......................... 148 7<br />
H. paraensis Prance ..-.............-..-..................... . 141 >10<br />
H. sprucei Benth ....................................................................................<br />
148 >10<br />
H. lancifolia Ducke ...........................-................. .. 135 5<br />
H. burchellii Britton .....-....................-......................... 124 >10<br />
H. mucronata Prance ..................-............................. ..... 139 3<br />
282<br />
340<br />
0<br />
3<br />
1<br />
1<br />
7<br />
0<br />
10<br />
31<br />
10<br />
6<br />
2<br />
24<br />
3<br />
R, E<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R, E<br />
68. H. longipedicellata Prance .-.................................. ............... 137 6<br />
69. H. glandistipula Ducke ................ ................. 132 8<br />
70. H. martiana Hook. f. .........................................................................<br />
139 >10<br />
70.1. H. parviunguis Prance ................. ................ ........... 141 -<br />
71. H. pimichina Lasser & Maguire .................................................. 143 4<br />
72. H. subscandens Spruce ex Hook. f .............................-.......... 149 4<br />
73. H. hispidula Miq ............................................................. 134 >10<br />
74. H. silicea Griseb .....................-............... . ....... ................ 148 >10<br />
75. H. excelsa Standl. ex Prance ............................ ....... 130 4<br />
5<br />
2<br />
11<br />
2<br />
1<br />
1<br />
78<br />
19<br />
10<br />
76.<br />
77.<br />
78.<br />
79.<br />
80.<br />
81.<br />
82.<br />
83.<br />
84.<br />
85.<br />
86.<br />
H. adenophora Cuatrec. ................. ............... ............ 120 3<br />
H. caduca Fanshawe & Maguire ................................................. 125 6<br />
H. fasciculata Prance . -................................................ .. 130 2<br />
H. couepii<strong>flora</strong> Prance .........-............................................. 127 2<br />
H. tubi<strong>flora</strong> Cuatrec .............................. ........................... 150 1<br />
H. floribunda Cham. & Schlecht ......................................... 130 >10<br />
H. angustifolia Schott ....................................................... 121 >10<br />
H. rugosa Thuill. ex Pers ...........................-...................... 147 >10<br />
H. scaberula Spruce ex Hook. f. .................................-.......... 147 1<br />
H. hebeclada Moric. ex DC. .......................-..-............... . 134 >10<br />
H. enneandra Cuatrec ....................... .......-....... .. ...... ...... 130 1<br />
0<br />
1<br />
1<br />
2<br />
6<br />
0<br />
8<br />
10<br />
0<br />
11<br />
0<br />
R<br />
R<br />
R<br />
87.<br />
88.<br />
89.<br />
90.<br />
91.<br />
92.<br />
8. Acioa<br />
H. pauci<strong>flora</strong> Little .............................. .............. ........... 141 1<br />
H. glaziovii Taub ...................................-....................... 132 7<br />
H. megacarpa R. A. Grah. ............................. ........ .. - African<br />
H. zanzibarica Oliv ............................ ...........................African<br />
H. cliffortiana Veil .......................................................... . - I<br />
H. pohlii Hook. f. ......................... .....-..... 1<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
R<br />
R<br />
1.<br />
2.<br />
3.<br />
4.<br />
A. guianensis Aubl .......................................................... . 154<br />
A. somnolens Maguire ...................................................... 154<br />
A. schultesii Maguire ......................................................... 154<br />
A. edulis Prance ..................................................... ........ 102<br />
7<br />
1<br />
2<br />
-<br />
1<br />
0<br />
10<br />
8<br />
R<br />
9. Neocarya<br />
1. N. macrophylla (Sabine) Prance ..............................-......... . - 1<br />
(African<br />
sp.)<br />
'R = rare; E = endangered.
Supplemental List of Exsiccatae 107<br />
SUPPLEMENTAL LIST OF EXSICCATAE<br />
This list includes material not cited in Prance (1972), largely recent collections made since that<br />
date and a few older ones not seen previously.<br />
Abadie, B., 50T (6-44)<br />
Acero, E. et al., 57 (7-50b); 195 (2-27b); 729 (2-121)<br />
Acevedo R., P. et al., 1657 (20-13.1)<br />
Ackerly, D. 0., 07 (7-2); 152 (7-50a); 161 (7-56b)<br />
Acosta M., A., 1 (2-17)<br />
Adair de Oliveira, INPA59936, INPA60162 (2-69.1);<br />
INPA73467 (6-41); INPA73471, INPA73472 (2-62);<br />
INPA73476, INPA73477 (2-69a); INPA73483 (2-<br />
64); INPA73484 (6-la); INPA74791 (2-69.1); INPA<br />
s.n. (2-69a)<br />
Adams, C. D. A., 14572 (1-1); YSB 86 (7-74)<br />
Agostini, G., 305 (2-77); 1104 (7-36a)<br />
Albert de Escobar, L. et al., 1414 (7-36a); 3282 (2-51);<br />
3525 (1-1)<br />
Albuquerque, B. W. P. de et al., 646 (7-56a); 671 (7-<br />
6); 672 (2-69b); 798 (2-81); 841 (2-36); 876 (7-2);<br />
886 (7-55.2); 67/20 (2-69.1); 887 (7-55.2); 919 (2-<br />
17); 950 (2-69b); 954 (2-81); 956 (2-69b); 998 (2-<br />
81); 1010 (2-39); 1048 (2-81)<br />
Alencar, L., 26 (7-56a); 89 (7-24); 112 (2-69b); 161 (7-<br />
56b); 238 (2-129); 249 (2-88); 251 (6-lb); 260 (2-<br />
88); 390 (7-5); 486, 499 (3-6); 570 (7-55); 616 (3-<br />
41); 725 (2-129)<br />
Allem, A. et al., 7, 2324, 2391 (6-20); 2489 (2-28)<br />
Allen, P. H., 3019 (2-68)<br />
Almeida, E. de F. et al., 275 (2-80.1); 283 (4-2)<br />
Almeida, J. et al., 150 (2-80.1); 164 (3-1.3); 185 (7-<br />
36a); 1308, 1791 (6-25)<br />
Aluisio de Sousa, J., INPA59853 (2-99); s.n.<br />
INPA61445 (7-1); INPA59853 (2-99); INPA61868<br />
(6-4); INPA61951 (7-6); 70666 (2-62); 70678 (6-11);<br />
70679 (7-1); 70682 (6-34); INPA-s.n. (2-43b)<br />
Amaral, D. L., 728 (7-20)<br />
Amaral, I. L. et al., 11 (6-3b); 39 (7-40); 40 (2-75); 43<br />
(2-129); 102 (2-27a); 56 (6-29); 131 (2-69a); 176 (7-<br />
73); 186 (2-124); 216 (2-75); 333 (2-114); 353 (3-4;<br />
390 (2-69b); 466 (2-26); 535 (2-129); 588 (2-26) 596<br />
(2-129); 602 (2-114); 703 (7-56a); 729 (7-40); 864<br />
(7-20); 909 (7-56a); 1006 (7-19); 1022 (7-50a); 1041<br />
(7-58); 1050 (7-36a); 1105(2-17); 1119(7-20); 1193<br />
(7-56b); 1271 (7-73); 1368 (2-43b); 1396 (2-57); 1435<br />
(7-25); 1448 (6-43); 1498 (6-15); 1695, 1697, 1698<br />
(6-7); 1708 (2-119.1); 1757 (7-11)<br />
Ancuash, E., 4, 354 (6-36); 752 (2-21.1); 1282 (7-21)<br />
Anderson, A. B., 207 (7-9); 354 (6-29)<br />
Anderson, C. W., 14 (2-109); 57 (2-77); 325 (3-1)<br />
Anderson, W. R., 6248, 6259 (2-80); 6873 (4-4); 7281<br />
(7-54); 7420 (2-30); 7543 (2-54); 7898, 8085 (2-80);<br />
8702 (7-20); 10071 (3-16); 10653 (7-24); 10771 (6-<br />
9); 11037 (2-27a); 11065 (6-9); 11037 (2-27a); 11065<br />
(6-9); 11921 (7-24); 12064 (2-27b); 12079 (2-69b);<br />
12208 (2-43b); 12303 (7-54)<br />
Andrade, P. M. et al., 252 (6-6.2); 420 (6260) (2-114);<br />
621 (6541) (7-64)<br />
Andrews, L. M., 911 (2-1); 3-103 (2-40)<br />
Angelo, L., 11 (7-48); 11 (2-7)<br />
Antonio, T., 2384 (7-56b); 3763 (7-56a); 4324 (7-56b);<br />
4599, 4665 (7-36a)<br />
Aranda, A., 60 (2-15); 73 (7-36a)<br />
Araquistain, M., 34 (1-1); 2181 (7-22); 3128 (7-36a);<br />
3149 (5-1)<br />
Arafijo, D., 1425 (7-85); 2151 (1-1); 4041 (7-36b); 4146<br />
(1-1); 4536 (7-36b); 4719 (6-26); 4727 (6-25); 4736<br />
(1-1); 4932, 5261 (6-26); 5834, 6309, 6337 (1-1);<br />
6400 (6-25); 6408, 7517 (1-1)<br />
Araijo et al., s.n. INPA94326 (7-73)<br />
Araijo, J. da S., 72 (2-6); 104 (7-56b)<br />
Argent, G. C., 6479 (2-41)<br />
Aristeguieta, L. et al., 4493 (7-56b); 4990 (2-27); 5131<br />
(2-27b); 6433 (2-12); 6477 (7-56b); 6493 (6-3); 6867<br />
(1-1); 6908 (7-36a); 6977 (3-7); 7096 (7-34); 12529<br />
(7-22)<br />
Armond, 175 (3-4)<br />
Ar6stegui V., A., 105 (2-128)<br />
Asplund, E., 10055 (6-33); 12538 (2-4)<br />
Assis, J. S., 52 (4-2); 188 (2-80); s.n. (4-2)<br />
Atwood, J. T., 4526, 4723, 5261 (1-1)<br />
Austin, D. F. et al., 6994 (7-24); 6995 (2-43a); 7058<br />
(7-50a); 7180 (2-149); 7185 (2-109); 7251 (2-134);<br />
7315 (2-69a); 7368 (2-109); 7394 (2-43a); 7396<br />
(3-4)<br />
Avalone, C. L. et al., 26 (2-41)<br />
Ayala, F., 615 (2-39); 2888 (6-16)<br />
Aymard, G. et al., 371 (2-77); 2536, 2637 (7-36a); 3230<br />
(6-3b); 3343 (7-40); 3483 (7-56b); 3900 (2-109); 3911<br />
(7-74); 4074 (2-145); 4076 (2-109); 4142 (7-56)<br />
Badillo, V. M., 1559 (7-56b)<br />
BAFOG, 119 (3-1)<br />
Bagazo, N., 166 (7-56a)<br />
Bahia, R. P., 54 (7-56b)<br />
Bahia, T. R., 129 (2-124); 130 (7-53); 145 (6-3b); 191<br />
(2-62); 198 (2-124); 215 (6-41)<br />
Baker, M. A., 6056, 6112 (6-36)<br />
Baldwin, A. A., s.n. (2-1)<br />
Balee, W. L. et al., 17 (6-la); 44 (2-99); 46 (2-86); 125<br />
(2-99); 174 (2-114); 175, 182 (2-69a); 218 (2-99);<br />
228 (2-86); 243, 256, 286 (2-69a); 308 (6-la); 325,<br />
326 (4-3); 336 (2-69a); 339, 354 (2-86); 421 (2-57);<br />
426 (2-99); 501 (2-69a); 508 (2-99); 581 (2-114); 599<br />
(2-69a); 664 (6-la); 948 (2-27a); 975 (2-99); 1053<br />
(2-69a); 1058 (7-56a); 1087 (6-lc); 1089 (6-la); 1107<br />
(2-99); 1116 (2-63); 1124 (6-la); 1157 (3-3); 1170,<br />
1179 (2-99); 1186 (6-la); 1191 (2-63); 1273 (3-3);<br />
1276 (2-99); 1296, 1316 (6-lc); 1359 (2-114); 1375,<br />
1378, 1429 (6-la); 1439 (2-99); 1451, 1455 (6-la);<br />
1484 (2-99); 1501, 1509, 1516, 1518, 1520, 1521,<br />
1522, 1524 (6-la); 1550 (7-56b); 1656, 1685, 1747<br />
(7-63); 1786 (7-14); 1804 (2-69a); 1806 (2-8); 1861<br />
(2-27a); 1934 (7-66); 3808 (2-17); 4063 (2-124)<br />
Bamps, P., 5378 (7-6)<br />
Barbosa, C., 1213 (7-80)<br />
Barbour, P. J., 5478 (7-56b); 5505 (7-36a); 5764 (7-<br />
56a)<br />
Barclay, A. S. et al., 3701 (7-22)<br />
Barlow, F. D., 30/62B (7-56a)
108<br />
Barrier, S. et al., 2618 (7-56a); 3863 (7-39); 3989, 4259<br />
(2-86)<br />
Barros, S., 79 (6-3c)<br />
Barroso, G. M. et al., 181, 290 (7-18); 355 (7-56b)<br />
Bastos, N. C. et al., 79 (7-20); 87, 117 (2-43a); 127 (7-<br />
56b)<br />
Bautista, H. P., 34 (3-2); 48 (2-135); 52, 55 (7-56b)<br />
Bawa, K. S., 383 (6-15)<br />
Beaman, J. H., 6092 (6-47); 6263, 6333 (7-36c); 6423<br />
(6-47)<br />
Beck, C. H., s.n. (2-1)<br />
Beck, S. G., 1480 (7-56a); 4049, 6915, 7158, 8319 (7-<br />
36a); 10158, 10172 (2-28); 12247 (7-26a)<br />
Becker, R., 54 (7-54)<br />
Begazo, N., 38 (2-64); 88 (2-27a); 144 (7-50b); 159,<br />
166, 201 (7-56a)<br />
Belem, R. P. et al., 2837, 2846 (6-5lb); 3169 (6-17);<br />
3315 (6-5 lb)<br />
Bellido, L. C., 2, 35 (2-27a)<br />
Bena, P., 1317 (2-27a); 1328 (2-52); 1757 (7-36a)<br />
Benitez de Rojas, C. E., 2578 (2-89); 2579 (2-81)<br />
Benson, W. W., 5671 (7-50); INPA92145 (7-50a)<br />
Berg, C. C., 221 (6-25); 617 (2-17); 684 (6-21); 686 (4-<br />
3); 697 (2-81); 712 (2-69a); 719 (2-81); P18449 (7-<br />
54); P18452, P18565 (2-28); P18654 (2-75); P18678<br />
(3-4); P18693 (2-28); P19462 (2-60); P19751 (2-28);<br />
P19793 (6-3b); P19796 (7-73); P19922 (2-99);<br />
P19928 (2-sp.); P19940 (2-28)<br />
Berlin, B., 354 (6-36); 902, 976, 1799 (2-21.1); 3529<br />
(7-56b)<br />
Bermudez, B., 6 (1-1)<br />
Bernal, C. et al., 142 (6-48)<br />
Bernardi, A. L., 1-56 (7-40.1); 1-95 (2-64); 1-163 (6-<br />
15); 2-109 (6-44); 2-162, 2-163 (2-17); 3-51 (2-55);<br />
3-99 (6-44); 3-124 (6-34); 4-142 (6-15); 5-36 (2-94);<br />
5-120 (2-124); 6-6 (6-6.1); 6-74 (6-44); 6-123 (7-41);<br />
6-148 (2-141); 6-189 (2-27a); 6-192 (2-27); 7-2 (7-<br />
6); 7-84 (6-6.1); 7-89 (7-41); 8-30 (2-94); 8-128 (6-<br />
15); 8-139 (2-60); 8-151 (2-55); 9-78 (6-15); 9-157<br />
(2-141); 1624 (3-4); 2030 (2-13); 2127 (3-3); 2777<br />
(1-3); 3069 (7-21); 3081 (7-56d); 6628, 6682 (3-4);<br />
6760 (7-25); 7111 (7-16); 7356 (2-122); 7394 (7-<br />
56b); 7416, 7672 (7-36a); 7824 (6-3b); 7825, 7828<br />
(2-77); 8011 (2-122); 16219 (6-6.1); 16233 (7-6);<br />
16334 (3-9)<br />
Berry, P. E., 600 (2-69b); 633 (7-62); 662 (7-56); 737<br />
(7-62); 1352 (7-50b); 1519 (2-69a); 2066 (2-27a);<br />
2073 (2-69a); 2149 (7-49); 2231 (3-4); 3383 (3-7)<br />
Bethancourt, A. et al., 91 (7-56b)<br />
Bhorai, M., 8781 (2-44)<br />
Billiet, F. et al., 1023 (7-25); 1180 (2-69a); 1201 (2-<br />
108); 1234 (2-124); 1265 (1-1); 1298 (7-25)<br />
Bisby, F. etal., P18071 (2-69a); P18077 (2-82); P18085,<br />
P18102 (4-3); P18107 (7-56a); P18123 (2-56a)<br />
Bitaillon, C., 64 (3 sp.)<br />
Black, G. A., 48-2902 (2-69.1); 48-3610 (2-63); 49-<br />
8473 (3-3)<br />
Blanco C., C. A., 55 (2-113); 67 (7-20); 194, 254 (2-<br />
77); 421 (2-109); 533 (7-20); 673 (7-16); 764 (7-56b);<br />
766 (2-27b); 885 (7-36a); 1105 (2-17); 1112 (7-56);<br />
1141 (2-17); 1157 (6-4); 1166a(2-77); 1166b(2-93);<br />
1204 (3-6); 1221 (6-4); 1255 (2-140)<br />
Bokermann, W., 5732 (7-82)<br />
Boom, B. et al., 1997 (2-64); 4087 (7-53); 4167 (7-46);<br />
Flora Neotropica<br />
4178 (7-56a); 4245 (7-46); 4335, 4338, 4343, 4346,<br />
4386,4387,4395 (2-43b); 4424 (7-46); 4426 (2-43b);<br />
4428 (2-21); 4461 (2-43b); 4464 (7-46); 4473 (2-<br />
43b); 4497 (7-46); 4630 (7-53); 4700, 4729 (7-56a);<br />
4940 (6-14); 5084 (2-43b); 5367 (7-62); 5868 (2-<br />
27.1); 5919, 5952 (2-26); 6032 (7-56b); 6089 (2-88);<br />
6263 (3-4); 6359 (2-145); 6490 (2-13); 6492 (2-99);<br />
6514 (3-4); 6534 (2-88); 6536 (2-43a); 6542 (7-20);<br />
6551 (3-4); 6574 (7-56b); 6587 (3-4); 6592 (2-13);<br />
6607 (2-99); 6623 (2-13); 6633 (2-145); 6636 (2-99);<br />
6641 (2-43a); 6660 (2-145); 6676 (2-99); 6677 (2-<br />
88); 6685 (2-99); 6838 (7-83)<br />
Borjas M., G., 175 (7-27)<br />
Bossio, H., 34 (2-69b)<br />
Boucas, P. R. P. et al., 13 (2-52); 17 (2-114); 148 (7-<br />
56b)<br />
Boyan, J., 75 FD7749 (7-11.2)<br />
Braga, M. M. N. et al., 145 (6-3a)<br />
Braga, P. I. S. et al., 3127 (2-10); 3347 (7-56a)<br />
Brand, J., 971 (3-7); 992 (2-45)<br />
Brandbyge, J. et al., 30575 (7-40); 31228 (7-56b); 32659<br />
(6-36); 35032 (2-8); 36119 (7-53); 36177 (7-22)<br />
Breedlove, D. E. et al., 20898 (1-1); 34086 (7-22); 34130<br />
(7-56b); 58466 (7-22)<br />
Breteler, F. J., 4606 (3-7); 4799 (7-50b); 4881 (7-40);<br />
4883 (7-56b); 4959, 4961 (2-77); 4994 (2-109); 5043<br />
(2-27a); 5078 (2-77); 5123 (2-13); 5133 (3-4); 5134<br />
(7-16)<br />
Bristan, N., 1121 (6-22); 1131 (7-36a)<br />
Brown, S. et al., 1639 (1-1)<br />
Bruijn, J. de, 1252 (3-7); 1626 (3-3); 1635 (2-77); 1638<br />
(2-88); 1664 (7-36a); 1688 (3-4); 1694(2-109); 1696,<br />
1698 (3-4); 1716 (2-77); 1729 (2-114); 1735, 1736<br />
(2-88)<br />
Brumbach, W. C., 8332 (2-1); 9263, 9327, 9655, 9739<br />
(1-1)<br />
Briinig, E. et al., 160 (2-68)<br />
Bunting, G. S. et al., 3505 (7-25); 3744 (2-69a); 3746,<br />
3825 (7-28); 4002 (1-68); 4032 (3-1); 4084 (2-88a);<br />
4091 (2-119); 4231 (2-83); 5521 (3-7); 5655 (7-22);<br />
5889 (3-7); 5947 (2-12); 6224 (3-7); 6225 (7-22);<br />
6543 (3-7); 6682 (1-1); 6854 (2-43a); 7055 (3-7);<br />
7124 (2-76); 7152 (7-22); 7219 (2-43a); 7321 (7-20);<br />
8457 (3-7); 8725 (7-36a); 8750 (2-76); 8758 (7-22);<br />
8763 (2-76); 8764 (3-7); 8797 (7-36a); 8836 (7-56b);<br />
8949 (7-36a); 8954, 9192 (3-7); 9832 (2-114); 10151,<br />
10216 (7-36a); 10587 (7-56b); 10759 (2-43a); 10800<br />
(3-7); 10929 (7-56a); 11036 (2-43a); 11274 (3-7);<br />
11507 (2-114); 11529 (2-43a); 11992 (7-36a)<br />
Burch, D., 3409 (1-1)<br />
Burger, W. C. et al., 5784 (7-61)<br />
Buschbacher, R. J., 39 (21)<br />
Busey, P., 354 (7-56a)<br />
B. W., 3371 (6-1a); 3404 (7-50b); 3827 (2-130); 4818<br />
(7-25)<br />
Byron et al. (=Albuquerque, B. W. P. de), 67-20 (2-<br />
69.1); 67-34 (6-15); 67-59 (2-39); 67-70 (2-69a); 264<br />
(6-3); 370 (3-6); 372 (7-50a); 377 (2-27a); 509 (6-<br />
3b); 577 (2-1); 592 (2-28); 594 (6-3b); 633 (7-40);<br />
886 (7-55b); 924 (2-57); 927 (2-17); 946 (2-28)<br />
Cabrera, E., 3138 (1-1)<br />
Cabrera R., I., 94 (2-5.2); 553, 600 (2-148); 2590 (3-<br />
4); 2597 (7-56b); 3217 (7-56a); 3359 (2-69a)<br />
Cain, S. A., 12 (7-36a)
Supplemental List of Exsiccatae 109<br />
Caldas, T. S. P., 21 (6-27)<br />
Calder6n, C., 79-105 (2-88a); 2521 (7-53); 2534 (7-<br />
56a); 2542, 2591 (6-29); 2634 (7-9); 2806 (7-56a);<br />
2820 (2-37); 2936 (2-17); 2938 (2-88); 2944 (2-60)<br />
Calder6n, M., 34 (1-1)<br />
Calzada, J. I. et al., 868 (6-47); 7166 (1-1); 8542 (2-<br />
45<br />
Cambar, I., 111 (1-1)<br />
Campbell, D. G. et al., 6254 (2-99); 6341 (2-43b); 6540<br />
(7-21); 6476 (2-114); 6503 (2-64); 6543 (2-99); 6573<br />
(2-43b); 7020 (7-50b); P20826 (7-55); P20859 (6-<br />
11); P20868 (2-69b); P20872 (2-140); P20887 (7-6);<br />
P20896 (2-99); P20897 (7-2); P21129, P21130 (8-<br />
4); P21210 (7-36a); P21834 (2-140); P21918 (2-14);<br />
P21963 (2-57); P21976 (2-27a); P22052 (6-3);<br />
P22126 (6-9); P22271 (2-99); P22302 (2-36); P22305<br />
(7-56a); P22313 (2-134); P22314 (2-13); P22315 (6-<br />
3); P22336 (7-56a); P22370 (7-52); P22389 (2-134);<br />
P22404 (2-36); P22457 (7-56b); P22470 (2-36);<br />
P22563 (6-29)<br />
Capus, F., 147 (2-114)<br />
Carauta, J. P. P., 973 (7-56b); 2319 (7-85); 3391 (2-<br />
11)<br />
Cardona, F., 2489, 2555 (6-10)<br />
Carnevali, G. et al., 1480 (7-9)<br />
Carrasquilla, L., 363 (1-1)<br />
Carreira, L. et al., 724 (7-66); 850 (7-73)<br />
Carvalho, A.M. de et al., 193 (6-25); 194(6-52.1); 216<br />
(6-51b); 353 (2-80a); 469 (7-20); 609 (1-1); 647 (7-<br />
82); 858 (6-32); 877 (6-51b); 1046 (7-20); 1077 (4-<br />
4); 1106, 1116 (6-52.1); 1366 (2-11)<br />
Casari, M. B. et al., 277 (6-25); 1073 (2-18)<br />
Castellanos, A., s.n. INPA27546 (6-16); 24054 (7-54);<br />
24110, 24150, 24180 (6-27); 24185, 24280 (2-41);<br />
25263 (2-43a)<br />
Castilla, A., 152 (2-27a)<br />
Castillo, A., 31 (6-6a); 422 (2-27b); 692, 705 (7-36a);<br />
736, 742 (7-56a); 1311 (3-4); 1407, 1417(2-77); 1526<br />
(7-25); 1535 (6-3b); 1592 (2-83); 1798, 1848 (7-25)<br />
Castro, J. H., s.n. (2-32)<br />
Castro, M., 10 (2-45)<br />
Cavalcante, P. B., 441 (7-56a); 1789 (6-3b); 2309 (2-<br />
81); 2441 (7-56b); 2065, 2276 (6-15); 2477 (7-25);<br />
2764 (6-15); 2768 (6-41); 2809, 2889, 2951 (7-56a);<br />
3041 (6-36); 3088 (2-69b); 3202 (6 sp.); 3276 (2-<br />
27b); 3308 (3-6); 3371 (7-56b); 3373 (7-20); 3378<br />
(2-43a)<br />
Cedillo T., R., 577 (2-45)<br />
Cerrato, B. C. A., 141 (1-1)<br />
Cesar, A., 1 (7-73)<br />
Cezario & M. G. Vieira, s.n. INPA 20606 (6-15)<br />
Champagne, H., 49-1 (2-130); 49-2 (2-86), 49-3 (2-<br />
109); 49-4 (2-86)<br />
Chan, C. et al., 813, 1483, 1615 (1-1)<br />
Chavelas P., J. et al., ES2059, ES2124, ES2144, 2600<br />
(7-56b); ES2818 (7-36); ES2960, 3343 (2-15)<br />
Chiang, F. et al., 510 (2-45)<br />
Christenson, G. M. et al., 1155 (2-114); 1161 (2-27);<br />
1399 (2-69b); 1430 (2-140)<br />
Chrostowski, M. S., 70-398 (7-73)<br />
Churchill, H. W. et al., 4345 (7-56b)<br />
Cid, C. A. et al., 59 (7-52); 228 (7-56a); 278 (2-88);<br />
317 (7-56a); 365 (3-4); 428 (2-75); 431 (7-52); 487<br />
(7-8); 489 (7-56a); 516 (3-4); 640 (7-11); 704 (7-56a);<br />
860 (7-11); 1059 (6-41); 1131 (7-2); 1139 (2-93);<br />
1153 (2-134); 1201 (6-29); 1230 (2-134); 1281 (6-<br />
15); 1433, 1549 (7-56b); 1579 (6-3a); 1627 (4-3);<br />
1644 (7-50b); 1645 (7-56a); 1671 (7-56b); 1769 (6-<br />
3a); 1797 (7-56a); 1899(7-1); 1912 (7-56a); 1916(2-<br />
43b); 1971 (7-15); 2089 (2-134); 2207 (6-3a); 2217<br />
(7-56a); 2261 (6-32.1); 2333 (6-3a); 2437 (7-50a);<br />
2534 (2-64); 2542 (7-56a); 2545 (7-66); 2665, 2792,<br />
2798 (7-56a); 2946 (7-66); 3048 (2-69a); 3184 (6-<br />
29); 3211 (6-36); 3226 (2-69a); 3296 (6-29); 3349<br />
(2-75); 3427 (7-62); 3509 (2-52); 3514 (2-69b); 3555<br />
(6-3b); 3556 (2-52); 3575 (2-27a); 3633 (2-129); 3650<br />
(2-27a); 3688 (2-129); 3696 (6-3b); 3728 (2-124);<br />
3747 (2-129); 3778 (6-lb); 3810 (6-3b); 3856 (6-9);<br />
3869 (7-9); 3948 (2-69b); 3895 (7-6); 3949 (7-56b);<br />
3953 (2-69a); 3993 (7-2); 4003 (7-56b); 4088 (6-36);<br />
4162 (7-52); 4181 (7-56b); 4252 (2-69b); 4258 (6-<br />
3a); 4340, 4434, 4474 (2-41); 4500 (7-56b); 4530 (7-<br />
73); 4536, 4574 (7-36a); 4600, 4656 (7-56a); 4661<br />
(7-36a); 4682 (7-73); 4685 (7-56a); 4724, 4729 (7-<br />
56b); 4768, 4831, 4956 (7-36a); 4995 (7-56a); 5065<br />
(6-la); 5259 (7-5); 5336 (6-7); 5343 (2-121); 5589<br />
(2-83); 5662, 5860 (2-43b); 5956 (2-16); 5982 (7-<br />
50b); 6052 (3-16); 6093 (6-27); 6103 (3-16); 6135<br />
(7-20); 6137 (6-27); 6170 (2-124); 6218 (7-56a); 6228<br />
(2-30); 6232 (7-54); 6253 (2-37); 6318 (2-124); 6341<br />
(7-15); 6368 (6-3c); 6380 (2-37); 6434, 6477 (2-114);<br />
6501 (2-141); 6503 (2-27a); 6505 (2-141); 6521 (2-<br />
27a); 6571 (7-66)<br />
Clark, H. L., 6491 (3-4); 6661, 6737, 6740, 6753 (8-<br />
3); 6963 (2-69a); 7033 (2-82); 7113 (2-27a); 7165<br />
(2-39); 7250 (2-69a); 7290 (7-8); 7337 (2-69a); 7342<br />
(2-82); 7362 (2-69a); 7406 (2-62); 7473 (7-21); 7508<br />
(2-69a); 7527, 7629 (2-36); 7669 (3-6); 7778 (2-69a);<br />
7779 (7-8); 7783 (2-57); 7789 (7-8); 7811 (2-39);<br />
7817 (2-69b); 7846 (2-57); 7924 (2-39); 7926 (2-76);<br />
7926 (2-94); 7928 (2-24); 7981 (2-27a); 8019 (2-<br />
129); 8032 (2-27a); 8057, 8063 (8-3); 8082 (3-la);<br />
8157 (6-la); 8211 (8-3); 8232 (2-24); 8327 (7-8)<br />
Clausen, R. T. et al., 6238 (2-1)<br />
Coelho, D. et al., 356, 380 (2-52); 395 (6-3a); 406 (2-<br />
27a); 411 (6-3a); 708 (2-119.1); 817 (7-8); 843 (2-<br />
36); 861 (2-64); INPA5332 (2-124); s.n. INPA51497<br />
(7-73); INPA53263 (7-40); INPA53289 (7-56);<br />
INPA53292 (6-3b); INPA53295 (2-23); INPA53339<br />
(2-43b); INPA92490 (7-6)<br />
Coelho, L. et al., 17 (7-6); 92 (2-43b); 134 (7-73); 206<br />
(2-109); 308 (2-94); 361 (7-6); 382 (6-41); 432 (7-<br />
6); 479 (2-69b); 492 (2-57); 496 (3-6); 522 (2-60a);<br />
533 (2-69b); 561, 572, 650 (2-81); 651 (6-29); 708<br />
(2-119a); 835 (2-69a); 1837 (7-54); 1955 (2-43b);<br />
1975 (7-56b); 1979 (7-56a); 1986 (2-79); 5209 (2-<br />
69.1); INPA25903 (2-112); s.n. INPA42005 (6-21);<br />
s.n. INPA42095 (7-25); s.n. INPA42141 (7-20); s.n.<br />
INPA42161, s.n. INPA42171 (6-3a); INPA53292<br />
(6-3b)<br />
Coker, W. C., s.n. (2-1)<br />
Collares, J. E. R. et al., 110 (7-18); 121 (2-80)<br />
Cominote, J., 84 (3-4)<br />
Conant, D. S., 993 (7-56a); 1100 (7-1)<br />
Conejos, J., 24 (2-77); 28 (3-3); 43 (3-4)<br />
Contreras, E., 10715, 10716 (7-23); 10719 (7-56b);<br />
10729 (7-23); 10742 (2-18.3)<br />
Coradin, L. et al., 75 (7-20); 689 (7-25); 781, 784, 785
110 Flora Neotropica<br />
(7-56b); 1051 (7-25); 1080 (7-73); 4876 (7-25); 4880,<br />
5022,5023, 5068 (7-56b); 6434 (2-80); 6471 (7-56b);<br />
7425 (2-80)<br />
Cordeiro, I. et al., 89 (4-1); 98 (2-91); 119 (2-69a); 147<br />
(2-99); 175 (6-la); 285 (7-49); 289 (2-165); 300 (2-<br />
99); 306 (3-6); CFSC6544 (2-144); CFSC6782,<br />
CFSC7551 (7-54)<br />
Cordeiro, M. dos R., 14 (2-99); 82 (2-43b); 100 (6-20);<br />
105 (2-43b); 153 (3-4); 159 (2-43b); 169 (7-73); 263<br />
(2-98); 468 (6-21); 497 (7-56b); 535 (2-43b); 626 (2-<br />
62); 695 (6-3b); 703 (7-11.1); 755 (2-22); 759 (2-62);<br />
814(2-37); 1027 (2-69a); 1156(2-144); 1162(2-17);<br />
1270 (2-27b); 4679 (2-15)<br />
Correa A., M.D. et al., 689 (7-38); 958 (5-1); 1815 (2-<br />
5.3); 4679 (2-15)<br />
Correll, D. S. & H. B., 35873, 42500 (2-1); 45500,<br />
49992 (1-1); 51946, 52557 (2-1)<br />
Costich, D. et al., 809 (7-2); 847 (7-1); 927 (2-114);<br />
961 (6-9)<br />
Couret, 18 (7-73); 243 (6-45); 263 (2-18); 264 (2-77)<br />
Cowan, C. et al., 2253 (1-1)<br />
Cox, D. K., 3304 (7-56b)<br />
Cremers, G., 4628 (7-73); 5091 (7-69a); 5338 (7-25);<br />
5367 (2-134); 6498, 6538 (7-56a); 6546 (7-74); 7011<br />
(2-114); 7711 (1-1)<br />
Croat, T. B., 8129 (7-36a); 10018 (1-1); 13246 (7-36a);<br />
14648 (2-88); 16751 (7-36a); 17723 (6-44); 17750<br />
(2-69b); 17867 (6-44); 18574 (7-56a); 19382 (6-41.1);<br />
19883 (2-39); 20014 (2-17); 20218 (2-69b); 20332<br />
(6-22); 20367 (3-14); 20372 (2-43c); 20410 (7-56a);<br />
20443 (3-9); 20663 (6-38); 20673 (2-69b); 23256,<br />
24187, 24211 (1-1); 24289 (7-36a); 24492, 24977<br />
(1-1); 33627 (7-36a); 39057 (1-1); 45746 (2-45);<br />
54099 (7-21); 54147 (7-49); 51405 (7-36a); 57982<br />
(6-36); 59199 (7-56b); 61008 (1-1)<br />
Cuadros V., H., 2133, 2181 (7-22)<br />
Cruz, A. et al., 21 (7-36a); 151 (7-21); 170 (7-36a)<br />
Cumana, L. J. et al., 779 (1-1)<br />
Curran, H. M., 2M57, 2M74 (1-1)<br />
Daly, D. C. et al., 141 (7-56a); 149 (4-3); 158 (7-56a);<br />
181 (2-114); 259 (7-16); 369 (2-56b); 509 (2-141);<br />
639 (2-56b); 679 (2-69a); 681 (7-52); 703 (7-20); 709<br />
(7-18); 814 (2-108); 820 (2-69a); 831 (6-50); 833 (2-<br />
81); 839 (2-56b); 862 (2-63); 875 (2-56b); 882 (2-<br />
63); 898 (2-27a); 992 (7-56b); 1028 (7-24); 1056 (7-<br />
56b); 1115 (6-1); 1117 (2-114); 1342 (2-69a); 1373<br />
(2-27a); 1374 (7-56a); 1413 (7-24); 1511 (2-69a);<br />
1516, 1552 (2-24); 2035 (7-56a); 2069 (7-36a); 2928<br />
(2-99); 3825, 3850, 3927 (2-69a); 3931 (7-24); 3943<br />
(6-la); 3968 (2-39); 4037 (2-108)<br />
Dambros, L. A., 82, 86 (6-27); 87, 119 (2-41); 138 (7-<br />
54)<br />
Damiao, C., 593 (6-34); 594 (2-22); 600 (6-15); 616<br />
(2-99); 619 (6-44); 621 (6-3b); 633 (7-50b); 656 (2-<br />
128); 674 (2-114); 695 (2-124); 702 (6-44); 718 (7-<br />
50b) 2491 (2-69b); 2513 (2-124); 2527 (2-69b); 2531,<br />
2579 (6-3b); 2587, 2599 (2-27a); 2637 (2-137); 2712<br />
(3-4); 2784 (2-69b); 2884, 2898 (2-27a); 2904 (6-<br />
3b); 2908 (7-56a); 2924 (6-15); 3034 (6-36); 3067<br />
(2-124); 3071 (6-lb); 3079 (2-27a); 3081 (2-69b)<br />
Danin, A., 76-35-5 (2-45); 77-3-6 (7-56b)<br />
Dantas, M., 12374 (6-3b); 12382 (7-40); 12391 (2-<br />
124); 12392 (7-29)<br />
D'Arcy, W. G. et al., 13662 (7-56a); 14273, 14297,<br />
14329, 14548 (7-56b); 14559 (1-1); 14596, 14653,<br />
15015 (7-56b)<br />
Daubenmire, R., 95 (2-15); 392 (7-56b); 489 (2-45);<br />
716 (7-56b)<br />
Davidse, G. et al., 2327 (1-1); 4306 (7-40); 4358 (2-<br />
12); 4446 (7-56a); 4466 (3-7); 5415 (2-69b); 6753,<br />
6953 (7-29); 12132A, 12208A (2-27b); 12260A (2-<br />
69b); 12354 (7-56b); 12361 (2-18); 12385A (3-7);<br />
12402 (2-69b); 12423 (7-56a); 12429, 12435 (6-3b);<br />
12517 (7-56b); 12531, 12535 (2-27b); 12538 (2-69);<br />
12540 (2-27b); 12553 (6-3b); 12625 (2-69b); 12637,<br />
12714 (2-27b); 12737 (6-3b); 12807, 12855 (2-27b);<br />
13015 (6-3b); 13055 (7-56b); 13109 (2-69); 13148<br />
(2-27); 13243,13414 (2-27b); 13838 (7-56b); 13852,<br />
13944 (2-88a); 13953 (2-27b); 13979 (2-134); 13981<br />
(7-56b); 14090 (2-69b); 14180(7-40); 14305 (2-88a);<br />
14327 (2-60b); 14366, 14393 (2-27b); 14536 (2-88a);<br />
14546 (2-69b); 14654 (2-88a); 14708 (2-27b); 14711<br />
(6-3b); 14765, 14842(2-27b); 15107 (2-56b); 15118,<br />
15212 (6-3b); 15292 (7-56b); 15451 (6-3b); 15490<br />
(2-88a); 15491 (7-56b); 15541 (2-47); 15550 (7-40);<br />
15619 (2-140); 15662 (7-56); 15665 (2-69b); 15756<br />
(2-140); 15761 (7-56a); 15768(2-140); 15769 (6-3b);<br />
15788, 15894 (2-69b); 15907, 16005 (6-3b); 16022<br />
(3-7); 16025 (7-56b); 16027 (2-88a); 16030 (2-134);<br />
16093 (7-40); 16150 (2-69b); 16176 (3-7); 16184 (2-<br />
27b); 16265, 16308 (2-122); 16276 (7-56b); 16291<br />
(3-1); 16363 (2-43a); 16420 (7-20); 16426 (2-13);<br />
16432, 17476 (2-77); 16753 (7-29); 16889 (2-121);<br />
16979 (7-62); 17010 (2-27b); 17032 (2-119); 17088<br />
(2-28); 17098 (2-131); 17144 (2-119); 17219 (6-3b);<br />
17329 (2-69b); 17387 (2-28); 17389 (2-119); 17409<br />
(2-131); 17666 (2-141); 17721 (2-39); 17837 (1-1);<br />
18056 (2-52); 18304 (7-50a); 18372 (7-22); 18575<br />
(2-114); 19155, 19188, 19482 (7-36a); 20227 (1-1);<br />
20999 (7-36a); 22578a, 22747 (7-21); 22903 (7-25);<br />
22962 (7-56a); 23267 (2-45); 23705 (2-88); 27217<br />
(6-7); 27627 (2-27a); 27671 (2-140); 27730 (2-27a);<br />
27735 (2-102); 27740 (2-88); 27852 (7-8); 27883 (2-<br />
27b); 27886 (2-88); 27888 (2-69b); 27951 (7-40);<br />
30157 (2-45)<br />
Davidson, C. et al., 5206 (7-5); 5357 (7-53); 5437 (2-<br />
140); 8516 (7-36a); 9774 (7-40); 9848 (6-44); 10581<br />
(7-56a); 10604 (6-29)<br />
Davila, H. R. et al., 2 (7-56b)<br />
Davis, D. H., 180 (7-25); 204 (2-39); 814 (6-43); 890<br />
(7-56b); 1657 (6-43)<br />
Davis, E. W. et al., 1080 (7-56b)<br />
Davis, H. A., 15609 (1-1)<br />
Davis, P. H. et al., 2259 (7-20); 60303 (2-119.1); 60326<br />
(7-56a); 60337 (6-28)<br />
De La Cruz, J. S., 3406 (2-66)<br />
Delascio, F. C. et al., 5534 (2-27b); 7361 (4-3); 9662<br />
(2-140); 11135 (6-3b); 11187 (7-56b); 11190 (6-3b);<br />
11349 (7-56b); 11350, 11409 (6-3b)<br />
Denslow, J. et al., 76 (6-57); 79-25 (7-61)<br />
Dept. de Botanica USP, 3 (7-56a)<br />
Deward, G. 155 (2-134)<br />
Dezzeo, N., 293 (7-56a)<br />
Dias, A. A., 46 (2-30)<br />
Diaz, C. et al., 68 (7-5); 288 (6-3b); 397 (6-35); 438<br />
(2-140); 638 (7-40); 916 (2-68); 944 (7-40); 1527 (6-<br />
44); 1751-18 (7-75); 1739-118 (2-43c); 1758-32,<br />
1758-22 (2-27a)
Supplemental List of Exsiccatae 111<br />
Diaz, M., 2-A (6-44); 51-A (2-64); 87A (2-141); 127A<br />
(6-44); 162A (7-41); 6-52 (7-40.1)<br />
Dieckman, L., 318 (2-88a)<br />
Dionisio et al., 120 (6-46)<br />
Dios Holmquist, J. de, 60 (6-3b)<br />
Dodson, C. H. et al., 1170 (7-35); 2945 (2-69a); 5464<br />
(7-87); 7516 (2-5); 8655 (7-87); 8672, 12407 (2-5)<br />
Dressier, R. L., 3322 (7-38); 3416 (7-36a); 3736 (7-<br />
38); 4622 (2-88)<br />
Duarte, A. P., 5420 (2-4); 5607 (2-71a)<br />
Ducke, A., HPB1550 (7-18); MG7367 (2-129);<br />
MG7876 (7-63); MG10563 (2-57); MG10966 (2-<br />
43a); MG12221 (2-129); MG15289 (2-76);<br />
MG16153, MG16260 (2-43a); MG16355 (2-79);<br />
MG16430 (2-60); MG16525 (2-43a); RB15137 (6-<br />
18)<br />
Duke, J. A., 5682 (7-56); 13513 (7-36a); 15256 (2-145)<br />
Dunbar, P. L., s.n. (1-1)<br />
Duran, A. R. Camacho, 147 (7-56b)<br />
Dwyer, J. D. et al., 511, 592 (1-1); 1047 (2-31.1); 4298<br />
(7-56b); 5047 (2-31.1); 7324 (5-1); 10986 (1-1);<br />
12252, 15138 (7-56b)<br />
Echeverry E., R., 2078 (2-56)<br />
Egler, W. A., 577 (2-36)<br />
Ehrendorfer, F., 74108-25 (2-122)<br />
Eiten, G. & L., 3253 (2-41); 4665 (4-2); 8389 (6-27);<br />
8461 (7-19); 8503, 8734 (7-20); 8904 (2-27a); 9764<br />
Fernmndez C., J., 3844 (6-27)<br />
Fernandez, M. M. et al., 5 (2-80)<br />
Fernmndez P., A. et al., 6124 (2-24); 6975, 7005 (7-21)<br />
Ferrari, G., 1231 (2-27a); 1272 (2-12)<br />
Ferreira, E., 58-320 (7-55.1)<br />
Ferreyra, R., 4603, 4636 (7-56b)<br />
Feucht, S. P., 743 (1-1)<br />
Feuillet, C., 487 (7-74); 985 (7-52); 1089 (2-124); 2303<br />
(2-86); 2314 (2-52)<br />
Filho, L. C. de O., 27 (7-18); 28 (7-20)<br />
Figueroa, V., 122 (7-56b)<br />
Flores, J. S., 8256, 8322, 8800, 9323, 9867 (1-1)<br />
Florschiitz, P. A. et al., 2810 (7-1 lb)<br />
Foli, D. A., 49 (3-4); 61/79 (2-146); 76/79 (7-13); 80<br />
(7-70.1); 89 (7-70a); 120 (2-6); 228 (2-78.1)<br />
Folsom, J. P. et al., 1435 (2-5.3); 1932 (7-36a); 1949<br />
(5-1); 1996 (2-31.1); 2774 (1-1); 3508 (2-88); 3539<br />
(7-36a); 5672 (6-47); 6781 (7-36a)<br />
Fonseca, S., 350 (2-30)<br />
Fonseca, W. N., 129 (4-2)<br />
Fontella, J., 2275 (1-1)<br />
Forero, E. et al., 4005 (2-58); 4410, 4424 (7-10); 4684<br />
(7-35); 4788 (2-124); 4862 (3-15)<br />
Forero P., L., s.n. (1-1)<br />
Forest Service, French Guiana, 3511 (2-134); 3513 (6-<br />
18); 3758 (7-25); 4237 (7-56a); 4503 (7-25); 6097<br />
(2-52); 6231, 6440 (2-69a); 7259 (7-7); 7786, 7793<br />
(6-27)<br />
Elburg, J., LBB9373 (6-18); LBB9387 (3-1); LBB9440<br />
(2-134); LBB9815 (7-56a)<br />
Elcoro, S. et al., 210 (7-56a); 223 (2-56); 233 bis (2-<br />
69a)<br />
Emmerich, M., 4579 (2-41); 4601 (7-54); 4638 (7-20)<br />
Emygdio, L. (see Mello Filho, L. E.)<br />
Encarnaci6n, F., 970 (2-61); E1060 (2-69a); 1243 (2-<br />
23); 1254 (6-44); 25033 (2-27a); 25037 (6-3b); 25041<br />
(2-27a); 26124(7-41); 26183 (7-36a); 26201 (2-121);<br />
26303 (6-38); 26369 (2-27a); 26392 (2-69a); 26409<br />
(2-98)<br />
Erlanson, C. O., 78 (1-1)<br />
Espejel, I., 5-3, 404 (1-1)<br />
Espina, J. et al., 205 (6-36); 207 (3-6)<br />
Espinal, M., 163 (7-56b)<br />
Espinal T., S. et al., 4110 (2-4); 4537, 4608 (2-48)<br />
Estrada, U. et al., 11 (2-45)<br />
Euponino, A., 195 (7-64); 212 (7-13); 309 (6-5 lb); 361<br />
(7-50); 405 (6-51b)<br />
Faircloth, W. R., 1077 (2-1)<br />
Falcao, M. et al., 143 (2-43b); 192 (6-15)<br />
Fanshawe, D. B., 621, 638 (6-6)<br />
Farifias, M. et al., 299 (2-88); 330 (7-21); 471 (7-8);<br />
658 (2-69b); 661 (2-27a)<br />
Farney, C., 1101 (6-26)<br />
Fennell, J. L. et al., 955 (1-1)<br />
Fernandez, A. et al., 1021 (7-74); 1618 (7-25); 1706<br />
(2-27a); 1738 (7-56b); 1779 (2-27a); 1783 (6-3b);<br />
1784 (2-27a); 2855, 2872 (7-56b); 2873 (7-21); 3022<br />
(7-40); 3531 (2-69a); 3561 (3-1); HPB2517 (7-18);<br />
HPB3075 (1-1); HPB3453 (2-44); HPB3782 (2-43a);<br />
HPB6908 (6-51a); HPB8066 (7-56b); HPB7221,<br />
HPB8811, HPB9032 (7-18); HPB9373 (2-37);<br />
HPB 10015 (4-2); HPB 10016 (7-18); HPB 10051 (2-<br />
30); HPB 10723 (6-27); HPB 10724 (7-20); HPB 10595<br />
(2-30); HPB10928 (2-27a); s.n. (1985) (2-28)<br />
(6-2)<br />
Foresta, H. de, 190 (2-109); 202 (2-69a); 277 (2-109);<br />
555 (7-2); 630 (7-74); 642 (7-25); 692 (2-149); 746<br />
(7-56a); 750 (2-134); 751 (2-63)<br />
Fortin et al., 8565 (6-47)<br />
Fosberg, F. R. et al., 29203 (6-44); 42591 (7-56b);<br />
53830, 54087 (1-1)<br />
Foster, R. B. et al., 2252 (2-15); 3091 (7-36a); 3725<br />
(6-36); 4043 (7-5); 4074 (6-35); 4299 (7-2); 4385 (7-<br />
53); 4568 (6-36); 4570 (3-14); 4683 (6-35); 4709,<br />
4788 (7-56a); 5623 (2-21); 5774 (3-9); 5909 (2-21);<br />
7961 (2-5); 8021 (6-36); 8733, 8926 (7-73); 10942<br />
(2-88); 10996 (2-144.1)<br />
Fournet, A., 445 (2-56b)<br />
Frame, D., 201 (7-56a)<br />
Frankie, G. W., 259C, 292C (7-56b); 398C (7-61)<br />
Freeland, J. et al., 112 (6-47)<br />
Freeman, O. M., s.n. (1-1); s.n. (2-1)<br />
Froehner, C., 361 (2-39); 362 (2-64)<br />
Fr6es, R. L., 41 (2-88); 12711/80 (3-3.1); 21321 (6-<br />
35); 22431 (6-lb); 22645 (6-la); 24434 (7-73); 25483<br />
(6-9); 25505 (4-1); 25928 (2-63); 27517 (3-4); 29044<br />
(6-3b); 29277 (6-29.1); 29562 (7-24); 30435, 30654,<br />
30688 (6-lb); 31898 (2-66); 32159 (2-97); 32311 (2-<br />
63); 33653 (6-la); 34168 (2-97); 34888 (6-lb)<br />
Funk, V. A. et al., 8415 (2-47.1)<br />
Furlan, A. et al., CFSC7513 (6-27); CFCR7138 (7-20)<br />
Garcia, C., 30 (2-45)<br />
Garcia-Barriga, H. et al., 3431 (2-27b); 18202, 18207,<br />
18209 (2-94); 18457 (2-129); 18528 (2-12); 18924<br />
(7-36a); 20323 (7-56b)<br />
Gamier, 76 (7-56b); 79 (6-7)<br />
Gasche, J. et al., 28 (7-24); 103 (2-69b); 154 (7-5); 211<br />
(2-37); 216 (6-29)<br />
Genelle, P. et al., 261 (2-1)<br />
Gentry, A. H. et al., 385 (2-45); 388 (3-45); 5800 (2-<br />
145); 6172 (6-13.1); 7605 (2-88); 7723, 8364 (7-22);
112 Flora Neotropica<br />
8884 (2-95); 10418 (2-27a); 10780 (7-35); 10831 (6-<br />
3b); 10835 (7-21); 10863 (2-68); 10936 (7-40); 10966<br />
(2-24); 12905 (2-27a); 13306 (7-56b); 13439 (7-38);<br />
14554 (7-56b); 14570 (7-25); 14624 (2-140);14641<br />
(7-56b); 14943 (7-74); 15536 (6-3b); 15767 (2-27);<br />
15807 (7-6.1); 16638 (3-14); 16701 (7-40); 17224<br />
(1-1); 17482 (7-10); 18140, 18148 (7-22); 18318,<br />
18455 (6-44); 18466 (3-9); 18527 (2-52); 18543 (7-<br />
40); 19094 (3-14); 19098 (2-21); 20371 (3-14); 20385<br />
(6-41.1); 20678 (7-6.1); 20679 (7-5); 20834 (2-43b);<br />
20842 (6-3b); 21045 (7-5); 21130 (6-15); 21209 (2-<br />
43b); 21213 (7-40.1); 21452 (3-16); 22199 (2-45);<br />
23387 (2-43c); 24116 (3-14); 24331 (2-34); 24962<br />
(6-7); 25012 (2 sp.); 25057 (6-35); 25064 (3-14);<br />
25069 (6-35); 25073 (2-124); 25193 (7-53); 25203<br />
(7-5); 25310 (6-35); 25613 (7-21); 25665 (2-4.1);<br />
25845 (7-56b); 25866A (2-140); 25913 (3-14); 26030<br />
(6-44); 26035 (2-140); 26072, 26173 (6-7); 26202<br />
(2-69b); 26866 (7-36a); 27591 (6-41.1); 27642 (7-<br />
62); 29704 (3-9); 30147, 30201 (2-51); 30324 (2-5);<br />
31284 (7-56a); 31502 (2-94); 31657 (2-69a); 31701<br />
(6-35); 31725 (7-6.1); 31733 (3 sp.); 31824 (7-50b);<br />
31936 (7-73); 32085 (6-44); 32617 (6-47); 35478 (2-<br />
34); 36188 (7-56a); 36227 (2-43b); 36238 (7-62);<br />
36269 (2-43b); 36275 (7-62); 36291, 36304 (2-99);<br />
36311 (7-50b); 36438 (7-6.1); 36440 (6-35); 36626<br />
(7-73); 37115 (6-36); 37252 (7-56a); 38047, 38059<br />
(7-36a); 38077 (3-4); 39243, 39318, 39329 (2-26);<br />
39350 (2-69a); 39408 (2-128); 39412 (2-99); 39471<br />
(2-124); 40274 (2-46); 40355 (2-5.1); 40416 (2-124);<br />
40467 (2-32.1); 40474 (7-56a); 41138 (3-7); 41332<br />
(7-56b); 41569 (7-53); 41600 (2-69a); 41608 (2-124;<br />
41682 (2-123); 41712 (3 sp.); 41731 (2 sp.); 41895<br />
(7-53); 41939 (3 sp.); 42074 (7-56a); 42805 (2-5);<br />
43029 (2-144.1); 43178 (6-44); 43195 (2-21); 43351<br />
(7-36a); 43403 (3-5); 43576 (6-24); 43653 (3-5);<br />
43687 (7-46); 43754 (2 sp.); 43777 (2-21); 43811 (6-<br />
36); 44539 (3-5); 45582 (2-144.1); 45669 (7-75);<br />
46170 (2-99); 46213 (2-43b); 46275 (6-36); 46277,<br />
46278 (2-27b); 46290 (2-83); 46377 (2-69a); 46457<br />
(6-lb); 46471 (7-21); 47062 (2-63); 47121 (2-27.1);<br />
47379 (2-69b); 47385 (3-1); 47551 (7-22); 47821 (3-<br />
17); 47961 (2-148); 48461 (2-15); 48513 (7-61); 48953<br />
(2-124); 48978 (6-la); 48988 (2-114); 49015 (6-la);<br />
49045 (7-63); 49103 (2-63); 50319 (7-56a); 51140<br />
(2-69a); 51214 (7-56a); 51396 (2-94); 51556 (2-21);<br />
52175 (2-158)<br />
Gibbs, P. et al., 2708 (7-54); 2738 (3-16); 2839 (7-20);<br />
3363 (6-27); 3522 (7-82); 3524 (2-126); 3837 (2-<br />
114); 5087 (2-80); 5165 (7-20)<br />
Giovanni, F. di, 2 (2-69a); 77 (7-40); 80 (2-140)<br />
Giulietti, A. M. et al., CFCR2254 (2-144); CFCR3552,<br />
CFCR6760 (7-20)<br />
Glaziou, A. F. M. et al., 5689, 7602, 9391, 13796<br />
(3-4)<br />
Glenboski, L., 206 (2-43c)<br />
Godfrey, R. K. et al., 52402 (2-1); 53779, 58121 (1-1)<br />
G6es, O. C. et al., 152 (2-143); 943, 1046 (3-4)<br />
Goesnner, F., s.n. (6-3b)<br />
Gomes, M. et al., 8, 92 (7-56a); 106 (7-56b); 145 (2-<br />
37); 156 (3-4); 195 (2-37); 226 (7-56a); 381 (2-37);<br />
432 (3-4); 447 (6-3b); 448, 476 (2-28); 477 (2-27a);<br />
554, 867, 1015 (7-50b); 1114 (6-la); 1252, 1479,<br />
1484 (7-50b)<br />
G6mez, L. D. etal., 18927 (7-56b); 20461 (2-95); 21178<br />
(7-56b); 23057 (6-47); 23356 (2-15); 24100 (7-36a)<br />
G6mez-Pompa, A. et al., 1283 (2-15); 3347, 3354 (2-<br />
95); s.n. (2-88)<br />
Gonggrijp, J. W., 284 (2-69a)<br />
Gongora, E., 438, 518 (1-1)<br />
Gonzales, A., 1159(2-21)<br />
Gonzales L., L. A., 4752, 4757 (7-56b)<br />
Gonziles-Quintero, L., 3435 (7-56b); 3505 (7-36a)<br />
Goodland, R., 289 (7-56b); 712 (2-41); 755 (7-56b);<br />
894 (6-27); 927 (3-16); 949 (7-18); 963 (7-54); 1074<br />
(2-135)<br />
Goodrum, P., 9 (2-1)<br />
Gordon, B. L., 9 (2-15)<br />
Gottsberger, G., 16-28782 (7-18); 16-29782, 18-29782<br />
(4-2); 22-81182 (7-18); 15-15183 (6-21)<br />
Gottsberger, I. S. et al., 225 (2-41); 368, 152-25771<br />
(6-27)<br />
Goulding, M., 29, 54 (2-23); 153 (6-44); 183 (6-23)<br />
G6mez, L. D. et al., 23356 (2-15)<br />
Grant, G. B., s.n. (2-1)<br />
Granville, J. J. de, C-2 (7-74); C-17 (7-56a); 21 (2-60);<br />
C-51 (7-56a); 115 (7-2); C-143 (7-74); 488 (2-27b);<br />
509 (7-2); 582 (2-134); 599 (2-50b); 951, 1090 (7-<br />
56a); T1203 (7-52); 1250 (7-2); 1436, 1739 (7-73);<br />
1740, 1791 (7-56a); 1802 (7-25); 1883 (2-88); 1946<br />
(7-56a); 2682 (6-7); 3134 (7-52); 3140 (7-73); 3249,<br />
3673 (7-2); 3726 (2-88a); 4028, 4136 (7-2); 4321 (7-<br />
25); 4606 (7-52); 4684 (2-134); 4687 (2-69a); 4700<br />
(7-56a); 4723 (7-56d); 4731 (2-88); 4838 (7-73); 4867<br />
(2-69a); 4875 (2-99); 4979 (2-93); 5051 (7-2); 5234<br />
(2-88); 5242, 5429 (7-2); 5537 (7-56a); 5652 (7-50b);<br />
5719, 5722 (2-124); 6121 (4-3); 6124, 6171 (7-74);<br />
6181 (7-2); 6183 (2-114); 6259 (7-2); 6271, 6571 (2-<br />
64); 6727, 6954 (7-56a); 6993 (2-88); 7177 (7-52)<br />
B3637 (2-77); B3704 (7-2); B3732 (6-lc); B3785 (7-<br />
56a); B3787 (2-67); B4499 (7-73); B4507 (7-2); B4611<br />
(7-56a); B4673 (2-8); 4684 (2-134); B4797 (7-2);<br />
B4849 (2-88); B4856 (7-56a); B4891 (6-2); B4906<br />
(7-56a); B5061 (7-2); B5263 (6-18); B5376 (7-73);<br />
B6326 (2-135); BC101 (2-109)<br />
Grayum, M. et al., 4090 (7-61); 4971 (7-36a)<br />
Greenman, J. M. et al., 5739, 5833 (1-1)<br />
Grenand, P., 38 (2-99); 139, 227 (2-69a); 547 (7-20);<br />
548, 614 (2-124); 642 (2-69b); 967 (3-2); 1506 (3-<br />
3); 1582 (7-52); 1718 (2-134); 1774 (6-7); 1818 (2-<br />
25); 1905 (2-69a); 2037 (7-50b); 2083 (7-73); 2138<br />
(7-51); 2459 (2-140)<br />
Grijalva, A., s.n. (1-1); 2308 (2-15); 3443, 3546 (2-45);<br />
3760 (7-36a); 3890 (2-15)<br />
Grubb, P. J. et al., 1045 (2-5)<br />
Guanchez, F. et al., 108 (7-25); 251 (2-88); 252 (2-12);<br />
396 (6-29); 409 (7-40); 423 (7-25); 510 (7-62); 720<br />
(2-81); 734, 793 (2-69a); 804 (7-30); 943 (2-83); 965<br />
(2-103); 989 (2-81); 1098 (7-49); 1228 (2-69b); 1249<br />
(3-6); 3258 (7-49); 3375 (3-1); 3454 (7-9); 3480 (2-<br />
121); 3501 (2-140); 3536 (7-49); 3647 (2-99)<br />
Guarim Neto, G. et al., 38 (7-6); 312 (2-43a)<br />
Guedes, T. N., 311 (2-149)<br />
Guevara, L. C. de, 1400, 2125 (2-12)
Supplemental List of Exsiccatae 113<br />
Guimarbes, J. G., 17 (7-66); 1150, 1462 (2-41)<br />
Gunn, C. R., 3357 (2-1)<br />
Gutierrez V., G., 638 (7-40); 2784 (2-17)<br />
Guzman & Castro, 60 (1-1); 156 (2-45); 559 (1-1)<br />
Guzman B., R., s.n. (2-15)<br />
Hage, J. L. et al., 285 (7-20); 564 (7-36a); 1896 (2-11)<br />
Hahn, W. et al., 444 (1-1)<br />
Halle, F., 494 (7-52); 2807 (7-73)<br />
Hammel, B. et al., 975, B1768 (7-56b); 4823 (2-18.1);<br />
11149 (2-67); 11260, 11577 (5-1); 12476 (2-95);<br />
14137 (5-1)<br />
Hamilton, C. et al., 2965 (7-56b); 3281 (7-36a)<br />
Hansen, B. et al., 9268 (7-83)<br />
Hanke, W., 73 (6-4)<br />
Harley, R. M. etal., 15752 (6-25); 16097 (2-114); 17120<br />
(1-1); 17370(7-20); 17401 (2-88): 18067 (1-1); 18256<br />
(7-13); 18581 (7-20); 18585 (7-56b); 19058 (7-18);<br />
19083 (6-20); 20074 (7-20); 21645 (2-30); 21649 (7-<br />
54); 21735, 21751 (2-80); 21779 (7-18); 22240 (7-<br />
56b); CFCR7352 (4-4); CFCR7515 (7-18)<br />
Harling, G. et al., 19409 (7-35)<br />
Harriman, N. A. 16126 (7-56b)<br />
Harschberger, J. N., s.n. (2-1)<br />
Hartmann, R. L., 12005 (7-36a); 12178 (7-56a)<br />
Hartshorn, G., 809 (7-61); 886 (2-15); 1287 (6-47);<br />
1523 (7-61); 1625 (2-88a); 1803 (7-56b); 1850 (6-<br />
47); 1878 (7-61); 2414 (7-56a); 2659 (7-41); 2662,<br />
2670 (2-27a); 2742 (7-50b)<br />
de Hass Sr. et al., 136 (7-54); 152 (2-126); 154 (2-43a);<br />
229 (2-126); 232 (7-70)<br />
Hatschbach, G., 17886, 20216 (7-85); 21790 (2-41);<br />
24241 (7-54); 24595 (2-30); 24632 (6-27); 25298 (7-<br />
66); 29890 (7-54); 30202 (7-20); 31917 (3-16); 32418<br />
(2-30); 32424 (7-20); 33215 (2-30); 34633 (2-41);<br />
34674 (2-30); 34686 (7-19); 35405 (7-20); 38466 (7-<br />
56b); 38936 (6-20); 40137 (2-37); 41243 (7-20);<br />
41689 (7-54); 43158 (2-114); 43760, 43796 (2-41);<br />
44093 (7-20); 44112 (7-18); 46750 (1-1); 47027 (7-<br />
31); 47033 (1-1); 47303 (3-16); 47791 (7-31); 48068<br />
(2-134); s.n. (2-144)<br />
Hazlett, D., 3270 (6-47)<br />
Heithaus, E. R., 48 (7-56b)<br />
Henderson, A. et al., 267 (7-53); 278 (7-14); 343 (7-<br />
52); 359 (7-78); 412 (3-4); 448 (7-56a); 477 (6-3b).<br />
Hendrix, L., 196 (7-5)<br />
Hensold, N. et al., SPF20850 (6-27)<br />
Herb. Forestal del Peru, 125 (2-17)<br />
Heringer, E. P. et al., 1247, 1430, 1492, 1498 (7-54);<br />
1626 (7-20); 1631, 1687 (7-70); 1761 (2-43a); 1770<br />
(7-54); 1782 (7-70); 1815 (2-41); 1894 (7-20); 1902,<br />
1918 (2-43a); 1923, 1934 (7-54); 1957 (7-70); 2067<br />
(7-54); 2243 (7-20); 2279 (7-66); 2419 (7-70); 2439<br />
(2-126); 2760 (3-4); 2813 (2-132); 3200 (2-27a); 4527,<br />
4584, 4805 (7-54); 5021, 5114 (7-20); 5197 (7-70);<br />
5324 (2-43a); 5399 (7-70); 5409 (2-114); 5445 (6-<br />
27); 5598, 5604 (2-27a); 5625 (2-41); 5628 (2-27a);<br />
5696 (2-41); 6258, 6367 (3-16); 6980 (2-43); 7079<br />
(3-16); 7121 (7-20); 14074 (2-114); 14098, 15109<br />
(7-54); 15181 (2-43a); 16852, 17520 (7-20); 17533<br />
(6-27); 17658, 17792 (7-54); 17837 (2-27a); 17856<br />
(7-54); 18075 (3-16); 18514 (7-54); 18549 (6-49)<br />
Heringer Salles, A. E., 170 (7-56b)<br />
Hermann, F. J., 11001 (7-40)<br />
Hemrndez, H. S., s.n. (1-1)<br />
Hernmndez, J. J. et al., 244 (7-34)<br />
Hernndez, L. et al., 112 (6-8); 128 (2-107); 160 (3-1);<br />
187 (2-69a); 188 (2-43a); 304 (2-69a); 337 (7-25);<br />
405 (2-113); 442 (3-4)<br />
Hemnandez, R., 83176 (2-45)<br />
Heyde, N. M. et al., 179 (7-20)<br />
Hilario, L., 32 (7-56b)<br />
Hill, S. R. et al., 2421 (1-1); 12784 (7-9); 12945 (7-<br />
56a); 13163 (2-69.2)<br />
Hilty, S., A-1 (6-47.1); 0-1 (2-32.1)<br />
Hoehne, W., 6171 (2-144)<br />
Holdridge, L. R. etal., 2517 (7-36a); 6457 (2-15); 6526<br />
(7-38)<br />
Holm-Nielsen, L. et al., 19678 (7-56b); 20051 (6-44)<br />
Hoist, B. et al., 2220 (7-49); 2235 (2-56); 2403 (2-68);<br />
2592 (7-56b); 2665 (2-91); 2669 (6-10); 2788 (1-3);<br />
2813 (2-124); 2817 (2-91); 2839 (2-135)<br />
Honda, M. et al., s.n. (2-69a); s.n. (6-37)<br />
Hoock, D. K., s.n. (7-18); s.n. (7-25)<br />
Hopkins, M. J. G. et al., 508 (7-56a); 733 (3-4)<br />
Howard, R. A. et al., 18133 (7-36a); 18538(1-1); 18675<br />
(1-2); 18881, 19004, 19389 (7-36a); 19406, 20001<br />
(1-2)<br />
Huashikat, V., 622 (2-10); 663 (7 sp.); 783, 946 (7-24);<br />
1425 (2-81)<br />
Huber, O. et al., 442, 443 (2-24); 450 (7-68); 524 (2-<br />
69b); 578 (6-56b); 598 (7-56b); 692 (3-4); 1021 (1-<br />
1); 1217, 1243 (7-68); 1345, 1425 (7-56b); 1470 (7-<br />
9); 1553 (2-119); 1561 (6-3b); 1574 (2-119); 1580<br />
(2-27a); 1628 (2-131); 1669 (2-69b); 1788, 1805 (2-<br />
119); 1868 (7-71); 2035 (2-131); 2355 (7-49); 2439<br />
(7-29); 2481 (2-68); 2744 (2-88a); 2747 (6-3b); 2755<br />
(2-119); 2757 (6-3b); 2763 (7-49); 2821 (2-119); 2870<br />
(2-39); 3037 (7-49); 3038 (6-3b); 3048 (7-49); 3078<br />
(7-56b); 3083 (2-140); 3165 (2-131); 3205 (7-29);<br />
3229 (7-59); 3253 (7-29); 3263 (7-59); 3274 (2-131);<br />
3276 (2-119); 3280 (6-3b); 3288 (7-59); 3298, 3333<br />
(2-131); 3337 (7-25); 3344 (2-27b); 3366 (2-27a);<br />
3397 (2-119); 3441, 3449 (7-29); 3466 (7-21); 3469<br />
(7-29); 3476 (7-59); 3589 (7-29); 3663 (2-131); 3678<br />
(7-29); 3685 (2-28); 3690, 3740 (2-119); 3853 (7-<br />
59); 3886 (2-68); 3914 (2-131); 3932 (2-68); 3960<br />
(2-131); 4093 (2-68); 4112 (6-3b); 4114 (7-211); 4735<br />
(2-88); 4744 (7-56b); 4760 (6-3b); 4792 (7-56b); 4795<br />
(2-83); 4871 (7-59); 4899 (2-88); 4921 (2-131); 5011<br />
(7-8); 5079 (7-59); 5086, 5151 (2-68); 5162 (2-131);<br />
5163 (7-29); 5179 (7-56b); 5185 (2-83); 5191 (2-<br />
27b); 5314, 5343 (2-68); 5360 (7-8); 5412 (2-68);<br />
5523 (2-131); 5577 (7-29); 5578 (2-68); 5820 (2-<br />
27a); 5821 (2-119); 5834 (2-88a); 5847 (2-105); 5870<br />
(2-119); 5944,6076,6088 (2-131); 6155 (7-29); 6210<br />
(7-21); 6287 (7-56b); 6288 (3-7); 6326 (6-36a); 6670,<br />
7277 (7-49); 8231 (2-56); 8288 (7-20); 8399 (7-2);<br />
8433 (2-105); 8448 (7-56b); 8554 (2-56); 9138 (2-<br />
69a); 9152 (6-8); 9238 (2-69a); 9396 (7-21); 9655<br />
(3-10); 9696 (7-49); 9899 (7-21); 10253 (7-49); 10286<br />
(7-21); 10313 (7-30); 10680 (7-8); 10682 (2-119a);<br />
10852 (2-56); 10875 (7-30)<br />
Huft, M. et al., 1954, 1982 (7-36a)<br />
Hume, H. H., s.n. (2-1)
114 Flora Neotropica<br />
Hunt, D. R., 5506 (3-16)<br />
Ibarra M., G., 660, 857 (6-47)<br />
Irwin, H. S. et al., 6070 (2-80); 18231 (7-20); 21229<br />
(7-56b); 25543, 25651 (3-16); 26068 (7-54); 26586<br />
(2-27); 27405 (2-126); 28029 (2-144); 30786 (4-4);<br />
30895 (2-80); 30916 (4-4); 30917 (2-80); 31037 (7-<br />
56b); 31065 (4-4); 31363, 31376, 31563 (4-2); 47423<br />
(2-60); 48589a (7-56d); 54990 (2-69.1)<br />
Isern, J., 1179 (6-44)<br />
Jacquemin, H., 1403 (7-56a); 1408 (2-109)<br />
Jangoux, J. et al., 6 (2-134); 30 (7-24); 40 (4-3); 52 (2-<br />
81); 80 (2-27a); 105 (6-8a); 152 (6-lc); 273 (7-56a);<br />
296 (7-24); 372 (7-56b); 375, 479, 495 (2-27a); 644<br />
(7-24); 656 (7-56a); 687 (2-134); 900 (7-56b); 973,<br />
977 (7-56a); 1008 (7-56b); 1011 (6-lc); 1159 (7-56a);<br />
1519(2-134); 1604,1629 (7-56a); 1691 (6-3a); 10111<br />
(7-29)<br />
Janssen, A. et al., 464 (2-37); 469 (7-73); 478 (7-53);<br />
523, 545 (7-66); 546 (7-24); s.n. on 17 VI 1980 (2-<br />
43b)<br />
Jaramillo, J., 6672 (2-4.2); 6861 (2 sp.); 6960, 7413,<br />
7527 (2-4.2); s.n. (2-48)<br />
Jaramillo M., R. et al., 8257 (2-48)<br />
Jenssen, J., E., 41fr, 54fr (2-69a)<br />
Jesus, J. A. de, 505 (6-51b); 594 (7-20)<br />
Jim6nez-Saa, H., 1207 (7-50b); 1246 (7-36a); 1260 (2-<br />
27a); 1293 (7-22); 1294 (2-27a); 1518 (3-4); 1526<br />
(2-134); 1543 (3-1); 1540(2-112); 1547 (2-88); 1549<br />
(2-108.1); 1556 (6-1); 1572 (7-42); 1577, 1586 (2-<br />
77); 1592 (2-88); 1599 (4-3); 1608 (2-72); 1612 (2-<br />
88); 1642 (2-72); 1643 (2-43a); 1652 (2-69a); 1656<br />
(3-11); 1673(2-108); 1683 (2-98); 1688 (2-117); 1691<br />
(2-112); 1692 (2-134); 1693 (2-108); LBB14332 (4-<br />
3)<br />
Judziewicz, E. J., 4481 (7-56b)<br />
Juncosa, A., 1394 (2-4)<br />
Jones, G. C. et al., 3418 (2-32)<br />
de Jong et al., 15784 (2-77)<br />
Judd, W. S., 1330 (1-1)<br />
Kalloo, M. B., B.240 (2-86)<br />
Kayap, R., 49 (7-56a); 674 (6-36)<br />
Keel, S., 218 (2-27a); 222 (6-3b); 304 (7-24)<br />
King, S. R., 426 (7-40)<br />
Kirkbride, J. H. et al., 1000 (2-45); 1133 (7-36a); 1365<br />
(7-36); 1447, 1448, 2527 (7-36a); 2915 (7-50a)<br />
Klug, G., 2503 (6-3b)<br />
Knapp, S. et al., 1255, 1896, 2271, 2785 (7-56b); 2786<br />
(7-18); 2876 (7-25); 2974, 3017, 3270, 3368 (7-56b);<br />
3525 (7-80); 3935 (7-36a)<br />
Kosei, I., 10 (7-56a)<br />
Koyama, T. et al., 7292 (7-56b)<br />
Kral, R., 31346, 35228, 35683, 35691 (2-1)<br />
Krieger, P. L. et al., 12609 (2-27a); 12766 (6-3b); 12795<br />
(6-29); 12228 (6-3b); 12256 (7-73); 12816 (2-129)<br />
Krukoff, B. A., 5822A (8-4); 6227, 6361 (2-81); 6381,<br />
6635 (6-6.1); 6709 (6-3b); 7088 (2-17)<br />
Kruse, H., 104 (2-45); 261 (2-9); 625 (2-16); 1256 (2-<br />
9); s.n. (6-47)<br />
Kubitzki, K., 75-53 (2-96b); 75-54 (6-44); 75-85 (6-<br />
3b); 79-241 (7-25); 21726 (2-140); 85-30 (3-3)<br />
Kuhlmann, J. G., 154 (3-4); 208 (2-146).<br />
Kuhlmann, M. et al., 58 (6-4); 92 (6-la); 161 (6-lc)<br />
Labroy, s.n. (6-2); s.n. (6-9)<br />
Lacerda, P. et al., 95 (7-56b); 137 (2-52)<br />
Laguna, A., 16, 41 (7-36a)<br />
Lamonica Freire, E. M. de, 15 (7-66)<br />
Landrum, L. R., 4114 (7-85)<br />
Lane, F., s.n. (7-54)<br />
Lanna Sobrinho, J. P., 280 (6-25); 346 (6-16); 385 (7-<br />
54); 642 (2-70); 686, 890 (3-4)<br />
Lao, E. et al., 10 (2-95)<br />
Lao Magin, R., 61, 62 (2-39); 72 (7-75); 103 (2-45);<br />
5059 (2-43c)<br />
Laughlin, R. M., 292 (2-45)<br />
Lawesson, J. E., 43446 (6-36)<br />
L.B.B. (Lands Bosbeheer Suriname), 11049 (7-15)<br />
Leeds, A. N., 432 (1-1)<br />
Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 11837 (2-69a)<br />
Leitao-Filho, H. F., 2074, 2091, 2161, 5742 (2-41);<br />
7980 (7-20); 8281 (2-41); 12476 (7-54); 13118 (7-<br />
85)<br />
Leite, I. et al., 14 (6-44)<br />
Lems, K., 5250 (2-130); 5272 (2-69a); 5373 (3-1);<br />
64021702 (2-135); 650127 (7-61)<br />
Lent, R. W., 2258 (2-88); 2319 (7-36c)<br />
Le6n, H., 632 (2-45)<br />
Lescure, J. P., 307 (7-56a); 390 (7-50b); 708 (7-18);<br />
758 (2-65)<br />
Lewis, G. P. et al., 1142 (6-20); CFCR6988 (4-4)<br />
Lewton, F. L., s.n. (2-1)<br />
Liesner, R. L. et al., 370 (7-36a); 3016 (2-15); 3374 (7-<br />
8); 3580 (6-lc); 3591 (7-21); 3654 (2-69c); 3678 (7-<br />
62); 3897 (6-36); 3940 (7-6); 3948 (7-40); 3970 (7-<br />
5); 4052 (6-lc); 4104 (2-69a); 4191 (2-140); 5223 (7-<br />
36a); 5572 (2-27b); 5780 (7-25); 5876 (2-77); 5885<br />
(7-56a); 5921 (2-77); 5957 (7-25); 6087 (7-21); 6130<br />
(7-62); 6378 (7-5); 6492 (6-36); 6530 (2-140); 6716<br />
(7-62); 6903 (2-68); 6917, 7014 (2-69b); 7069 (6-<br />
lb); 7136 (2-69b); 7209 (6-lb); 7236 (7-49); 7350<br />
(2-39); 7451 (7-5); 7581 (7-21); 8466 (7-62); 8530<br />
(7-5); 8550 (7-21); 8615 (2-69a); 8621, 8638 (2-24);<br />
8715 (7-40); 8742 (7-21); 8851 (2-69b); 8875 (2-<br />
112); 8907 (2-27b); 8913 (6-13); 8917 (7-40); 9050<br />
(7-55); 9107 (8-3); 9114 (2-68); 9143 (2-24); 9177<br />
(7-36a); 9361 (2-43b); 9392 (7-22); 9434 (7-36a);<br />
9507 (2-68); 9538 (7-56a); 9563 (6-3b); 9580 (7-56);<br />
9584 (2-76); 9606 (2-23.1); 9633 (7-102); 9887 (2-<br />
114); 10404 (7-56a); 10424 (7-56b); 11009 (2-43a);<br />
11027 (7-56b); 11085 (2-122); 11095 (7-36a); 11170<br />
(7-56a); 11195 (2-13); 11219 (7-25); 11293 (7-25);<br />
11343 (2-122); 11345 (7-20); 11442, 11455 (7-56a);<br />
12437 (3-7); 12471 (7-36a); 13063, 13354 (7-22);<br />
13339 (2-43a); 13660 (7-36a); 13990 (2-68); 14051<br />
(2-129); 14060 (2-77); 14070 (7-73); 14445 (7-36a);<br />
16615 (7-30); 16624 (2-68); 17107 (3-1); 17231 (7-<br />
56b); 17576 (7-25); 17847 (7-73); 17927 (2-83);<br />
18344 (7-21); 18626 (7-43); 18666 (7-25); 19484 (2-<br />
69a); 19507 (2-13); 19612 (7-56a); 19724 (7-49);<br />
19796 (7-56a); 19852 (7-49); 19919 (1-3); 20100 (7-<br />
56a); 20133 (7-21); 20192 (1-3); 20517 (7-56a); 20527<br />
(2-56); 20562, 20627 (2-81); 20648 (2-56); 20675<br />
(7-30); 20744 (2-135); 20811 (7-25); 20888 (2-56);<br />
20943 (2-124); 20952 (2-81)<br />
Lima, A., 390-68 (2-141)
Supplemental List of Exsiccatae 115<br />
Lima, D. A., 65-4367 (7-50); 67-5059 (7-54); 68-5458<br />
(7-18); 69-5595 (7-50)<br />
Lima, D. P., 13083 (3-11)<br />
Lima, E. et al., 45 (2-81)<br />
Lima, H. C. de et al., 415 (2-144); 1019 (7-20); 1039<br />
(7-54); 1040 (7-20); 1600 (2-69a); 2178 (2-127); 2275<br />
(2-114); 2683 (3-4)<br />
Lima, J. et al., 147, 160, 208 (7-56a); 231 (2-45); 269<br />
(7-56a); 493 (2-18); 550 (7-56a)<br />
Lima, J. P. de S., 89 (2-41); 101 (2-28); 104 (7-54)<br />
Lima, R., 105 (2-114)<br />
Lindeman, J. C., 64 (7-7); 162 (3-1); 223 (6-7); 235 (7-<br />
73); 257 (2-88); 329 (7-73); 384 (7-56a); 479 (6-4);<br />
503 (7-56a); 525 (2-67); 531 (7-73); 677 (7-56a);<br />
7947 (2-18); LBB15315 (2-63)<br />
Lino, A. M., 9 (6-26); 45 (2-78.1); 71 (2-71)<br />
Liogier, A. H. et al., 19025, 28174 (7-36a); 28322 (7-<br />
83); 29196, 29296 (1-1); 31856 (7-36a); 32784 (7-<br />
83); 34476 (7-36a); 35577 (2-44); s.n. (1-1);<br />
Lisboa, P. et al., 235 (7-73); 481 (2-75); 522 (7-73);<br />
595 (2-114); 621 (2-141); 630 (6-3b); 712 (7-54);<br />
1132(3-4); 1205 (7-56b); 1377(2-24); 1382(2-121.1);<br />
1485 (2-27a); INPA52980, INPA53023 (7-56a);<br />
INPA53045 (2-43b); INPA53135 (7-56a);<br />
INPA53161 (2-99); INPA53215 (3-4); INPA53233<br />
(2-37); INPA53235 (2-30); INPA53238 (2-28)<br />
Little, E. L. et al., 443 (7-36); 13775, 20668 (1-1);<br />
21014 (3-17); 21659, 21660, 23787, 25013 (1-1);<br />
25020 (7-22); 25052 (2-88); 25053 (7-56b); 25058<br />
(7-22); 25070 (7-36a); 25101 (7-22); 25194 (7-36c);<br />
25307 (7-36a); 25313 (7-88); 25314 (3-36c); 25326<br />
(7-56b); 25386 (7-23)<br />
Lizot, J., s.n. (2-81); 66 (2-68); 75/46 (2-43b)<br />
Lleras, E. etal., P16597 (7-56b); P16639 (6-34); P16655<br />
(8-4); P16665 (6-3b); P16893 (6-36); P16962 (6-35);<br />
P16977 (2-62); P17025 (7-6); P17058, P17142 (7-<br />
62); P17196 (3-5); P17216 (7-95); P17270 (2-43c);<br />
P17294 (6-41.1); P17392 (6-16); P17397 (8-4);<br />
P17483 (6-29); P17488 (7-40); P17501 (2-124);<br />
P17508 (7-73); P17561 (7-1); P17564 (7-56a);<br />
P17569 (7-8); P19571 (2-57); P19665 (2-69b);<br />
P19676 (7-6)<br />
Lobo, M. G. A. et al., 3, 38, 70, 120, 163 (7-56b); 174<br />
(6-15); 184 (2-114); 270 (4-3); 314 (7-24); 1102 (2-<br />
43a)<br />
L6pes-Forment, W., 1356 (6-47)<br />
Lopes, M. A. et al., 113 (6-6.2); 176 (6261) (2-114)<br />
Lopez-Palacios, S. et al., 4467 (6-3b); 4479 (2-12)<br />
Loureiro, A. et al., s.n. (2-28); s.n. (2-29); s.n. (2-43);<br />
s.n. (2-69a); s.n. (2-81); s.n. (3-4); s.n. (6-3a); s.n. (6-<br />
4); s.n. (6-9); s.n. (6-11); s.n., s.n. (6-15); s.n. (6-28);<br />
s.n. (6-29); s.n., s.n. (7-73); INPA37544 (7-56b);<br />
INPA37629 (7-2); INPA37826 (2-27a); INPA37848<br />
(7-56a); INPA38099 (3-2); INPA38929 (2-28);<br />
INPA38985 (7-56b); INPA39510 (7-56a); INPA-<br />
47911, INPA47955 (2-119.1); INPA47967 (6-4);<br />
INPA47973 (2-27a); INPA48112 (2-57); INPA48136<br />
(3-4); INPA48139 (2-43b); INPA48149 (2-69b);<br />
INPA48160, INPA48165 (2-43b); INPA48206 (2-<br />
57); INPA48600 (2-140)<br />
Loureiro, R. L., 11 (2-18)<br />
Lourteig, A., 2340 (7-85)<br />
Lowrie, S. R. et al., 115 (7-24); 284, 302 (7-56a); 483<br />
(2-141); 545, 567 (7-66); 568, 706 (7-56a)<br />
Luetzelburg, P. von, 28349 (2-44)<br />
Lugo, H. S., 1039, 1054 (2-144.1); 2144, 2160, 2202,<br />
3230 (7-56a); 3491, 3576 (6-36); 3681, 3715, 3775<br />
(7-56b); 4286 (7-28)<br />
Lundell, C. L., 13023 (2-32.2)<br />
Luteyn, J. L., 8622, 8979, 8997 (6-36); 9234 (7-36a);<br />
11506 (7-83)<br />
Maas, P. J. M. et al., 386 (2-98); 391, 1757 (7-56a);<br />
3517, 3576 (6-15); 3656 (7-56b); 3799 (7-73); 3822<br />
(2-77); 3817, 3836, 3872 (7-25); 4527 (7-21); 5187<br />
(2-106); 5171 (7-68); 5490, 5544 (7-25) 5838 (2-56);<br />
P12658 (2-114); P12696 (7-73); P12762 (3-2);<br />
P12846 (2-22); P13041 (7-56a); P13076 (7-40);<br />
P13107 (7-5); P13134 (7-75); LBB10811 (2-134)<br />
Maasola, J., 9 (7-22)<br />
MacBryde, B. et al., 1376 (6-36)<br />
MacDougall, T., s.n., s.n., s.n. (7-56b)<br />
Macedo, M. et al., 150 (7-54); 235 (2-28); 282 (2-41);<br />
480 (2-56a); 495 (6-21); 553 (7-20); 609 (2-37); 846<br />
(3-15); 1169 (2-11); 1297, 1395 (7-54); 1629, 1630<br />
(2-28)<br />
Macedo, R., s.n. INPA55750 (6-50)<br />
Maciel, A., 124 (2-28); 128 (7-54); 326 (7-19)<br />
Maciel, G., 5 (1-1)<br />
Maciel, U. N. et al., 72 (7-56b); 83 (6-3a); 88 (7-24);<br />
127 (7-50a); 133 (2-27a); 166 (6-3a); 260, 303 (7-<br />
56b); 321 (4-1); 477 (2-69a); 717 (2-8)<br />
Madison, M. T. et al., 135 (7-56a); 175 (2-69b); 195<br />
(2-88); PFE211 (6-3b); PFE303 (7-2); 358, 650 (7-<br />
62); 6175 (2-69b); 6195 (2-88); 6211 (3-3b); 6303<br />
(7-5)<br />
Magnago, H., 107 (2-124); 112,230 (3-16); 272 (2-41);<br />
s.n. INPA58151 (2-129)<br />
Maguire, B. et al., 30975 (6-3b); 37707 (7-56b); 47080<br />
(2-36)<br />
Maia, L. A. et al., 26 (7-56a); 112 (2-69b); 161 (7-56b);<br />
189 (7-24); 238 (2-129); 458 (2-35); 486 (3-6); 570<br />
(7-55); 663 (7-55.1); 725 (2-129)<br />
Makrinius, E., 691 (7-56b)<br />
Malpica, A. A., 1 (2-17)<br />
Mantovani, W., 993 (6-27)<br />
Marcano Berti, L. A. et al., 119 (3-4); 211 (2-99); 284<br />
(2-77); 575 (2-12); 652 (2-88); 682, 687, 792 (2-77);<br />
861 (7-36a); 896 (7-22); 918 (7-36a); 1523 (3-7);<br />
2603 (3-4); 2521 (6-3b); 2617 (2-73); 2620 (7-56b);<br />
2858 (2-27); 2951 (7-22); 3029 (7-36a); 21-1-77 (3-<br />
1); 67-1-77, 52-2-77 (2-39); 56-2-77 (7-25); 67-2-77<br />
(1-1); 77-2-77 (3-4); 13-3-77 (7-25); 6-10-78 (2-114);<br />
64-979 (2-69a); 86-979 (8-3); 164-979 (3-7); 468-<br />
979 (7-36a); 19-980 (6-la); 41-980 (2-27b); 54-980<br />
(7-56b); 58-980 (3-7); 60-980 (7-56b); 43-981 (2-68);<br />
47-981 (3-4); 89-981, 99-981 (2-69a); 135-981 (7-<br />
49); 178-981 (3-7); 200-981, 216-981 (2-43a); 290-<br />
981 (2-12); 982-157 (7-36a); 983-018 (2-114); 983-<br />
022 (3-7); 983-075 (2-43a)<br />
Marinho, L. R., 125 (2-27); 134 (2-64); 158 (2-26); 248<br />
(6-35); 267 (2-99); 382 (2-129); 395 (2-69b); 405 (2-<br />
57); 447 (3-6); 472 (2-69b); 473 (2-57); 502 (2-69a);<br />
561 (7-5)<br />
Marshall, S. A. et al., 6562 (1-1)
116 Flora Neotropica<br />
Martin, R. T. et al., 1329 (7-56a); 1380, 1672 (2-1);<br />
1676 (6-9); 5387 (7-56b)<br />
Martinelli, G. et al., 80 (6-25); 372 (7-29); 2189 (4-5);<br />
4114 (6-25); 6121 (2-71a); 6789 (7-42); 6859 (2-<br />
135); 6904 (7-25); 7052 (6-32.1); 7095 (6-3b); 7156,<br />
7166 (2-134); 7177 (3-4); 7226 (2-99); 7231 (2-134);<br />
7234 (2-99); 7244 (2-129); 7374 (6-3a); 7375 (7-<br />
56b); 7470 (7-54); 8466 (3-4); 8739 (7-54); 9649 (7-<br />
20); 9671 (6-51b)<br />
Martinez S., E., 1539 (1-1); 5798 (7-56b)<br />
Martins, H. F., 336 (2-11); 354, 414 (6-25)<br />
Martins, O., MG8155 (2-99)<br />
Martins, T., 18 (2-41)<br />
Martius, K. P. F. von, s.n. (3-4); 1840 (3-16)<br />
Mathias, M. E. et al., 6108 (7-75)<br />
Mattos Filho, A., 345 (7-54); 348 (7-20)<br />
Mattos Silva, L. A. et al., 386 (3-11); 390 (7-20); 1072<br />
(2-?); 1073 (6-?); 1136 (2-84); 1176 (1-1); 1196 (2-<br />
71); 1211 (2-80a); 1401,1402(2-84); 1440(2-130.1);<br />
1586 (7-20); 1700 (6-51b); 1839 (2-84); 1870 (2-<br />
71a); 1920 (2-88); 1984 (2-114)<br />
Maury, C., 277 (3-16)<br />
Mautone, L. et al., 118 (6-25)<br />
Mazzeo, P. M., 199 (2-1)<br />
McDaniel, S., 2660, 2496 (6-3b); 16280 (7-40); 17187<br />
(2-8); 20530 (6-44); 21133 (2-43c); 22346 (6-44)<br />
McPherson, G., 6979, 8017 (7-36a); 8213 (7-56a); 8231<br />
(7-36a); 8457 (7-56a); 8479 (2-15); 8577 (7-38); 8771<br />
(7-36a); 9015 (7-38); 9498 (2-31.1); 9612 (7-80)<br />
Medeiros et al., 58 (6-18b)<br />
Medina, E., 291 (7-40); 322 (2-27a); 533 (2-119); 542<br />
(2-103)<br />
Meehan, s.n. (1-1)<br />
Meijer, W. et al., VEN92 (6-48)<br />
Meijeraan, J. W., 19 (7-7)<br />
Mejia, M. et al., 6254, 6581, 10197 (1-1); 11174 (7-<br />
36a); 23689 (1-1)<br />
Melin, D., 41 (6-3a); 173 (2-27)<br />
Mello, F. et al., 2 (6-11); 16 (2-69a); 24 (7-50b); 25 (3-<br />
4); 43, 45 (2-64); 48 (2-69a); 55 (7-41); 71 (7-24);<br />
114 (7-56b); s.n. INPA51803 (6-3b); INPA55359 (2-<br />
69a); INPA53361, INPA57834 (6-50); INPA57842<br />
(2-39); INPA57898 (6-34); INPA57962 (6-35);<br />
INPA57963 (7-24); INPA57971 (2-129); INPA60170<br />
(2-69.1)<br />
Mello Filho, L. E., 3061 (6-32); 3618 (7-54)<br />
Mello Silva, R. et al., CFCR7548 (7-18); CFCR8313<br />
(7-54); CFCR8397 (7-70)<br />
Mendonsa, S., 2 (7-73)<br />
Meneces, E. et al., 340 (3-5); 669 (7-50b); 706 (2-99);<br />
2061 (2 sp.)<br />
Meneces, S., 360 (2-21); 669 (7-50a)<br />
Mennega, A. M. W. et al., 882 (2-135)<br />
Mercado, R., 9 (6-47)<br />
Meredith, H. B., s.n. (2-1); s.n. (1-1)<br />
Meyer, G., 46 (6-23); 78 (2-43b); 105 (7-66); 202 (7-<br />
56a); 294 (2-43b)<br />
Miers, H., RB179792 (7-85)<br />
Mileski, E., 66 (7-66); 155 (6-3c); 168 (7-54); 171 (2-<br />
27a); 187 (6-3c); 350 (6-3a)<br />
Miralha, J. M. S., 49 (7-2); 63 (7-8); 67 (2-135.1); 74,<br />
84, 87, 92 (2-43a)<br />
Miranda, C. A., 168 (2-80); 199 (4-2)<br />
Miranda, F. E. et al., 299 (2-134); 309 (7-56a); 378 (2-<br />
136); 407 (7-30); 491 (2-69a); 539 (7-56b); 595 (6-<br />
lb); 614 (7-24); 700 (7-56b)<br />
Mocquerys, 1021 (1-1)<br />
Molina, D., 139 (7-22)<br />
Molina, R., B-3 (2-18); 31 (3-6)<br />
Molino, I., G416 (1-1)<br />
Monsalve B., M., 152 (2-124); 481 (2-148); 445, 467<br />
(2-46); 523 (3-15); 651 (2-148); 758 (2 sp.); 805 (2-<br />
148)<br />
Montalvo, E A., 4450 (7-56b)<br />
Monteiro, O. P. et al., 19 (2-124); 29 (2-33.1); 32, 33<br />
(2-119.1); 45 (1-1); 127 (6-3b); 133 (2-39); 162 (2-<br />
88); 187 (7-56a); 375 (2-26); 412 (7-56b); 454 (6-<br />
36); 516 (6-35); 532 (7-2); 779 (2-43b); 781 (7-56a);<br />
803 (7-24); 804 (2-75); 877 (2-43b); 895 (7-56a); 922<br />
(6-34); 925 (6-9); 931 (2-43b); 936 (2-62); 945 (2-<br />
142); 1032 (7-50b); 1059, 1067 (2-43b); 1071 (3-4);<br />
1245 (7-1); 1270 (6-44); 1291 (2-27); 1363 (2-62);<br />
1419 (2-69b); 1458 (6-3b); s.n. INPA50017 (6-14);<br />
s.n. INPA50852 (2-43b); INPA50875 (2-69a); s.n.<br />
INPA53419 (7-56a); INPA53534 (7-1); s.n. INPA-<br />
50017 (6-14); s.n. (6-34)<br />
Montouchet, P., 2202 (7-56b)<br />
Mora, L. E., 2515 (1-1); 4424 (6-36)<br />
Moreno, P. P. etal., 7263, 12059b, 12072 (1-1); 12173,<br />
14570, 14612 (7-56b); 15205 (1-1); 16078B (7-22);<br />
22530, 22830, 22876, 22957 (2-45); 23014, 23072<br />
(7-23); 23130 (7-36c); 23166 (2-88); 23233 (7-36c);<br />
23258 (7-23); 23449 (2-45); 23567 (7-22); 23748 (7-<br />
36a); 23994 (7-22); 24061 (7-36a); 24627, 24980 (7-<br />
56b); 25541 (7-16); 25576 (7-56a); 25614 (7-16)<br />
Moretti, C., 1264 (3-4); 4510 (6-7)<br />
Mori, S. A. et al., 2075, 2370 (7-38); 2876 (7-56a);<br />
3653 (7-38); 3741 (6-13.1); 4091 (7-56a); 4188 (2-<br />
95); 4665 (2-31.2); 4914 (2-31.2); 5052 (2-18.2); 5148<br />
(7-38); 5171 (2-88); 5306 (7-36a); 5543 (7-56a); 6532<br />
(2-31.1); 7116 (6-13.1); 7778 (2-18.1); 7990 (2-31.1);<br />
8015 (2-66); 8048 (2-135); 8064 (6-15); 8081 (2-89);<br />
8088 (2-90) 8107 (2-109); 8131 (2-90); 8140 (7-25);<br />
8158 (3-1); 8181 (2-39); 8217 (2-109); 8218 (2-113);<br />
8224 (7-56a); 8231 (2-77); 8306, 8330 (2-135); 8401<br />
(2-108); 8459 (7-67); 8532 (6-7); 8536 (7-56a); 8573<br />
(6-2); 8590 (7-2); 8672 (7-56a); 8678 (4-3); 8862 (2-<br />
112); 8880 (2-69a); 9002 (7-24); 9003 (2-129); 9008<br />
(6-29); 9009 (2-129); 9010 (7-40); 9015 (6-3b); 9065<br />
(6-44); 9115 (7-40); 9234 (6-44); 9336 (6-17); 9598<br />
(6-25); 9757 (1-1); 10241 (2-146); 10243 (3-3.1);<br />
10252 (2-146); 10470 (7-31); 10871, 10934 (6-51b);<br />
10936 (7-37); 11033 (2-146); 11037 (6-51b); 12001<br />
(3-11); 12246 (7-20); 12354 (7-70); 12749 (6-52.2);<br />
13063, 13673 (2-130.1); 13774 (2-124); 13819 (2-<br />
144); 13884(2-124); 13989(2-88); 13995(2-6); 14000<br />
(2-124); 14017 (6-17); 14575 (1-1); 14718 (2-109);<br />
14763 (2-69a); 14764, 14772(2-27.1); 14780(2-72);<br />
14782 (2-43a); 14783 (7-39); 14790 (2-27.1); 14791<br />
(2-43a); 14814 (2-99); 14821 (6-7); 14828 (2-27.1);<br />
14830 (2-99); 14835 (7-73); 14870 (7-56a); 14897<br />
(7-74); 14963 (7-39); 14978 (2-69a); 15160 (3-2);<br />
15161 (2-149); 15201 (2-69a); 15230 (7-39); 15232<br />
(2-112); 15244 (2-86); 15254(2-112); 15285 (7-20);
Supplemental List of Exsiccatae 117<br />
15299 (2-69a); 15403 (1-112); 15411 (2-38); 15428<br />
(2-27.1); 15435 (2-27a); 15461 (2-108); 15476 (2-<br />
27.1); 15501 (2-99); 15523 (2-27.1); 15650 (2-8);<br />
15796 (7-42); 15802 (2-99); 15822 (2-112); 15840<br />
(2-76); 15855 (7-50b); 15859 (6-19); 15879 (7-24);<br />
15902 (2-124); 15944 (2-69a); 16006 (2-17); 15975,<br />
16007 (6-50); 16038, 16089 (7-42); 16120 (2-88a);<br />
16143 (7-42); 16172 (2-39); 16177, 16180 (7-42);<br />
16181 (2-108); 16214 (7-42); 16228 (2-99); 16234<br />
(2-88a); 16290 (6-50); 16313 (2-99); 16312 (2-124);<br />
16316 (7-24); 16323 (6-50); 16349 (2-69a); 16398<br />
(6-50); 16402 (7-24); 16414 (2-43a); 16424 (7-42);<br />
16444 (7-24); 16468 (7-42); 16476 (2-99); 16516 (2-<br />
27a); 16528(2-63); 16762(7-20); 16792 (3-16); 16842<br />
(7-20); 16843 (7-51); 17186 (6-7); 17193 (2-141);<br />
17201 (7-2); 17216 (2-64); 17219 (6-15); 17224 (2-<br />
69a); 17238 (7-2); 17244 (3-12); 17245 (7-50b);<br />
17290, 17332, 17380, 17422 (2-69a); 17476 (2-39);<br />
17500 (7-24); 17547 (2-109); 17553 (2-99); 17578<br />
(2-69a); 17579 (7-20); 17606 (2-39); 17658 (7-20);<br />
17707 (2-109); 17713 (7-20); 17731 (2-86); 17961<br />
(7-39); 17977 (2-27c); 17980 (2-109); 18012(2-27.1);<br />
18049 (2-99); 18080 (1-13); 18116 (7-50a); 18186<br />
(2-69a)<br />
Morillo, G. et al., 3460 (7-55); 3650 (2-99); 5121 (2-<br />
69a); 5135 (7-21); 5314 (7-5); 5436 (7-21); 6948 (6-<br />
3b)<br />
Mosier, C. A. et al. 49 (1-1)<br />
Mota, C. D. et al., 86 (2-22); 89 (2-62); 138 (6-3b);<br />
191 (2-37); 246 (7-5); 739 (2-124); s.n. INPA60383<br />
(2-141); INPA s.n., INPA60396 (2-69a); INPA60444,<br />
INPA60480 (7-56b); INPA60611 (7-56a); INPA-<br />
60614, INPA60635 (6-29); INPA60656 (6-13);<br />
INPA60676 (7-64); INPA60721 (2-69a); INPA60724<br />
(6-14); INPA60732 (7-50a); INPA60869 (7-56a);<br />
INPA60898 (6-14); INPA60927 (7-56a); INPA60933<br />
(6-29); INPA61336 (7-30); INPA61341 (6-14);<br />
INPA61558 (7-25); INPA61609 (2-62); INPA61613<br />
(2-36); INPA61659 (8-1); INPA61672 (6-3a); s.n.<br />
(6-29); s.n. (7-56a)<br />
Museu Goeldi, Belem, 9628 (2-57)<br />
Narvaez, E., 633 (1-1)<br />
Nascimento, O. C. et al., 20 (6-44); 29 (6-28); 191 (2-<br />
69b); 250 (6-2); 259 (2-69b); 279 (7-21); 340 (2-79);<br />
352 (7-24); 363 (2-79); 453 (7-56a); 560 (6-3b); 571<br />
(7-56b); 604 (2-69b); 611 (2-88a); 811 (6-lb); 867<br />
(7-20); 875 (2-43a)<br />
Nee, M. et al., 7675 (5-1); 11288 (7-80); 17773 (2-81);<br />
24631 (2-15); 27960 (2-45); 28191 (6-47); 28329 (2-<br />
15); 28850 (1-1); 30848, 30999 (2-26); 31863 (6-3b)<br />
Nehlin, S. 0., s.n. (7-33)<br />
Neill, D., 1794 (7-36a); 1896 (7-2); 2829, 3103, 3136<br />
(2-45); 3755 (7-23); 3795 (7-22); 4044 (7-23); 4104<br />
(7-22); 4124 (7-56b); 4174 (7-36a); 4175, 4318 (7-<br />
22); 4338 (7-23); 4508 (7-56b); 4566 (1-1)<br />
Nelson, B. W. et al., 344 (6-27); 630 (3-5); 804 (2-27b);<br />
807 (2-69a); 862 (7-73); 871 (6-la); 913 (2-140); 931<br />
(2-27a); 933, 939 (2-140); 956 (2-27a); 1058 (2-69e);<br />
1075 (7-56b); 1185 (6-3a); 1401 (7-56b); 2617 (2-<br />
1); P21071 (2-57)<br />
Nelson, C. et al., 4253 (7-56b)<br />
Nelson, E. B., 4481, 4533 (1-1)<br />
Nepomuceno, V., HPB2489 (2-43a)<br />
Nevers, G. de et al., 3816 (7-38); 4446 (2-39); 4618<br />
(1-1); 4773 (7-56b); 5106 (7-80); 5440 (2-5); 5767,<br />
5840 (2-95); 6446, 6558 (7-56b); 7112 (2-145); 7124<br />
(2-88a); 7553, 7581, 7603 (5-1); 7726 (9-1)<br />
Nevling, L. R. et al., 2604 (7-56b)<br />
Noblick, L. R., 1622, 2164 (7-18); 2864 (7-20); 3088<br />
(7-18)<br />
Nunes, E., HPB5947 (4-2)<br />
Obando, R., 17 (1-1)<br />
Oldeman, R. A. A. et al., 11 (2-4); 198 (2-27a); 291<br />
(7-2); 1650, 1672 (7-56a); 1839 (6-18); 1871 (2-97);<br />
1954, 2166 (2-99); 2237 (2-69a); 2773 (7-2); 2868<br />
(7-56a); 3097 (2-134); 3223 (7-2); B492 (7-73); B551<br />
(2-52); B898 (7-2); B1298 (2-69a); B1712 (2-97);<br />
B1734A(7-50b); B1771 (7-56a); B1875 (7-74); B2031<br />
(2-69a); B2514 (6-18); B2524 (7-50b); B2676 (6-7);<br />
B2668 (2-129); B2688 (2-26); B3389 (6-2); B3458<br />
(7-56a); B3464 (2-134); B3507 (7-56b); B3538 (2-<br />
98); B3993 (7-2); B3999 (7-73); B4065 (2-86); B4353<br />
(2-8); T226 (2-97); T280 (2-69a); T351 (2-97); T370<br />
(7-50b); T447 (7-79); T486 (2-27a); T593 (2-27b);<br />
T597, T648 (2-27c); T726 (2-124); T741 (6-2); T761<br />
(2-69a); T919 (7-2); T933 (6-7)<br />
Oldenburger, F. H. F. et al., 99 (7-56); 232 (7-20); 479<br />
(2-122); 483 (2-108); 620 (7-56b); 961 (2-39); 1179<br />
(2-112); 1213, 1225 (2-108.1); 1244 (7-56a); 1256<br />
(2-100); 1416 (7-50a)<br />
Oliveira, A. R. de, INPA58658 (6-4); INPA58700 (2-<br />
99); INPA59593 (6-9); INPA59622 (2-27);<br />
INPA59668 (2-43b); INPA59761, INPA59774 (2-<br />
62); INPA59825 (6-15); INPA59877 (2-124);<br />
INPA59908 (6-9); INPA59936 (2-69.1); INPA59967<br />
(2-27); INPA59901 (2-69b); INPA60162, INPA-<br />
73491 (2-69.1)<br />
Oliveira, E. de, 302 (6-lc); 455 (4-3); 2130 (6-1b); 2655<br />
(6-la); 3586, 4054 (2-69a); 4343 (2-63); 4471 (2-<br />
69a); 5111 (7-56b); 5666 (3-1); 5617 (6-la); 5639<br />
(6-1c); 5709 (2-124); 5721 (6-lb); 5840 (6-50); 5962<br />
(2-52); 6217, 6230 (7-56b); 6283 (2-69a); 6379 (7-<br />
56b); 6494 (2-52)<br />
Oliveira, H. B., 9(2-82)<br />
Oliveira, M., 3017 (2-69); 3792 (2-43); 3922 (2-99);<br />
3973 (2-136); 4909 (7-20); 5325 (7-56b); 5378 (2-<br />
52); 6210 (2-43)<br />
Oliveira, M. C. C., 2 (6-25)<br />
Oliveira, P. E., 3 (7-54)<br />
Oliveira, P. I., 508 (4-2)<br />
Oliveira, R. F. de, 485 (1-1)<br />
Ongley, J. C., P21739 (2-60)<br />
O'Neill, H., 8625, 8626, 8627 (7-56b)<br />
Oren, D. C., 3 (7-30)<br />
Orlandi, R. P., 66 (2-80); 599 (4-2)<br />
Ortega U., A., 33 (2 sp.); 73, 74 (2-88); 76 (2-27a); 110<br />
(2-144.1); 146 (6-36); 154 (2-27a)<br />
Ortega, F., 565 (1-1); 768 (2-12); 1691, 2517 (7-36a)<br />
Ortiz, F., 1383 (7-23); 1974 (7-22)<br />
Ortiz, R. T., 592, 1024 (7-56b); 2638 (7-22)<br />
Osmarino (P. Monteiro) et al., s.n. (6-4); s.n. (6-44)<br />
Pab6n E., M., s.n. (7-30)<br />
Pabst, G., 5219 (3-4); 9559 (2-44)<br />
Palacios, W. et al., 827 (6-36)
118 Flora Neotropica<br />
Paray, L., 523, 1817 (7-56b); 1944 (7-36a); 2017 (6-<br />
47)<br />
Passos, B. C. dos, 1073 (7-20); 1082 (6-3b)<br />
Paula, J. Elias de, 684 (7-20); 1180 (1-1); 1497 (2-11);<br />
1725 (6-20)<br />
Pedrosa, J. S. et al., 1107 (1-1)<br />
Pena, B. S., 73 (7-56b); 82 (3-4); 99 (2-52); 184 (7-24);<br />
242 (7-50b); 262 (7-50a); 324 (2-69a); 338 (7-25);<br />
409 (6-3a); 464 (2-27a); 484 (2-37); 486 (7-54); 542<br />
(6-la); 688 (2-62); 2002 (7-20)<br />
Pennington, T. D. et al., 10152 (2-45); 10687 (6-16);<br />
21675 (7-8)<br />
Pereira, B. A. S., 59, 64 (6-27); 318 (2-43a)<br />
Perez, J. L. A. et al., 4837 (7-56a)<br />
Perez, P., s.n. (2-3)<br />
Peters, C., 39 (6-44); 188 (6-16); 60-84 (6-41.1); 84-<br />
11 (6-44)<br />
Phelps, K. D., 511 (7-43)<br />
Philcox, D., 3573 (2-17); 7774 (1-1); 7966 (7-25)<br />
Philipson, W. R. et al., 2005 (2-76)<br />
Pic6n, G. et al., 914 (7-25); 1045 (7-49)<br />
Pinheiro, R. S., 448 (2-11); 1016 (2-36a); 1177 (3-36a);<br />
1492 (2-11); 1558 (2-84); 1948 (3-11); 2078 (2-138);<br />
2120 (7-36b)<br />
Pinto, G. C. P., 176/81 (4-2); 54/82 (7-54)<br />
Pinto, P. et al., 828 (7-40); 1172 (2-69b); 1244 (7-56b);<br />
1256 (2-69b); 1269, 1317, 1344 (7-56b); 1345 (2-<br />
69b); 1472 (7-56b); 1574 (2-69b); 1674 (7-22); 1902<br />
(1-1)<br />
Piniate, P. et al., s.n. (6-36); 1017 (3-6)<br />
Pio, L. C., 13 (6-27)<br />
Pipoly, J. J., 4535, 4692, 4795 (7-22); 4992 (7-56b);<br />
6724 (2-39); 6730 (6-15); 6743 (4-3); 6751 (2-122);<br />
6758, 6778 (2-43a); 6780 (2-102); 6788 (6-29.1);<br />
6798 (6-7); 6823 (2-57); 6828 (2-17); 6892 (2-122);<br />
7372 (2-135); 7356 (6-15); 7360 (6-42a); 7374 (6-<br />
15); 7426 (6-42a); 7440 (2-90); 7446 (7-56a); 7497<br />
(2-93); 7507 (2-109); 7513, 7524, 7537 (2-87); 7701,<br />
7760 (2-135); 7820 (7-21); 7828, 7927 (2-135); 7941<br />
(7-21)<br />
Pirani, J. R. et al., 1216 (7-20); 1217 (2-37); 1250 (2-<br />
114); 1292 (2-37); 1341 (3-16); 1352 (2-27a);<br />
CFCR461, CFCR864 (7-20); CFCR877, CFSC7971<br />
(7-54); CFCR8277 (6-27); CFCR8282 (7-20)<br />
Pires, J. M. et al., 74 (3-4); 108 (7-1); 184 (2-69a); 185<br />
(2-64); 197 (6-3a); 210 (6-lc); 290 (6-34); 1622 (6-<br />
3c); 2914 (2-144); 3195, 3544 (7-40); 4146, 4923 (6-<br />
la); 5293 (2-98); 5409 (2-63); 5864 (2-36); 5978 (2-<br />
98); 6326 (2-17); 7124 (3-3); 7184 (2-69a); 7700 (7-<br />
79); 7925 (6-9); 10302 (6-la); 10543 (2-99); 10695<br />
(4-3); 10755 (2-69a); 10781 (4-3); 10844 (2-69a);<br />
10938 (2-63); 11005 (2-69a); 11012 (2-63); 11014<br />
(6-la); 11029 (2-69a); 11055, 11065, 11066, 11137<br />
(2-63); 11265 (2-69a); 11296 (2-52); 11359 (2-8);<br />
11484(4-3); 11786(2-8); 11903 (3-2); 11931 (6-la);<br />
12189 (2-69a); 12196 (2-18); 12214, 12245 (7-36a);<br />
12394 (7-56a); 12556 (2-81); 12573 (7-36a); 12581<br />
(7-56a); 12676 (2-23); 13077 (6-36); 13120 (6-50);<br />
13149 (3-1); 13291 (2-86); 13295 (6-4); 13342 (7-<br />
18); 13649 (6-4); 13737 (2-8); 13739 (7-36a); 13868<br />
(2-99); 13915 (4-1); 13921 (2-27a); 13952 (6-7);<br />
13957 (2-140); 13970A (4-1); 13972 (2-69b); 13977<br />
(6-3); 13991 (2-140); 14008 (3-6); 14022 (4-1); 14044<br />
(2-27a); 14059 (6-7); 14064 (2-141); 14072 (2-57);<br />
14088 (2-75); 14157 (2-88); 14172 (2-93); 14192 (7-<br />
49); 14206, 14217 (2-88); 14239 (6-7); 14249 (3-4);<br />
14272 (2-93); 14360, 14375 (7-4); 14440 (6-3b);<br />
14508 (3-1); 14542 (2-69a); 14548 (2-88); 14597 (3-<br />
1); 14658 (6-3); 14755 (2-27a); 14760 (4-1); 14761<br />
(7-25); 14738 (2-69b); 14783 (2-69a); 14849 (7-4);<br />
14910(2-114); 15027 (2-126.1); 15939(7-20); 16135<br />
(7-18); 16215 (6-3c); 16414 (7-66); 16560 (3-4);<br />
16641 (6-27); 16713 (2-27b); 16811 (2-18); 16832<br />
(3-4); 16930 (2-18); 16939 (7-21); 16967 (7-54);<br />
17066 (7-66); 17135 (2-30); 50346 (6-7); 50930 (6-<br />
10)<br />
Plowman, T. et al., 7003 (2-69b); 7016 (7-40); 7699<br />
(3-7); 7736 (2-27b); 7739 (7-56a); 7784 (7-56b); 9591<br />
(7-63); 9674 (7-56b); 9837 (7-63); 10001 (3-16);<br />
11371 (7-54); 11452, 11466 (7-56a); 12224 (7-5);<br />
12390 (2-69a); 12397 (2-129); 12414(2-124); 12448<br />
(7-73); 12457 (2-129); 12458 (6-3b); 12466 (3-4);<br />
12489 (7-40); 12525 (2-99); 12533 (7-56); 12725 (7-<br />
20)<br />
Poole, J. M., 1679 (2-69b); 1797 (2-88); 1798 (6-lb);<br />
1804 (2-88); 1855 (7-56a); 1995 (2-27a); 2092 (3-6);<br />
2094 (2-129); 2118 (2-124)<br />
Popenoe, J., 103 (6-47); 161, 242 (1-1); 718 (2-1)<br />
Porter, D. M., 4078 (7-36a)<br />
Poterima, L. B., 6385 (3-4)<br />
Prance, G. T. et al., 3653 (7-67); 8821 (3-4); 10492 (2-<br />
77); 10614(7-73); 10675, 10694(3-4); 10883 (2-18);<br />
11144, 11323 (7-56a); 11460 (2-18); 11471 (4-1);<br />
11480 (2-27a); 11492 (7-56a); 11506 (6-3); 11513<br />
(2-27a); 11585 (6-3a); 11631 (6-29); 11793 (3-2);<br />
11842 (7-5); 11883 (2-43); 11939 (2-94); 11943 (6-<br />
28); 12058 (6-35); 12079 (6-36); 12151 (7-56b);<br />
12227 (2-99); 12228, 12344 (7-73); 12345 (7-56b);<br />
12560 (6-36); 13336 (7-56a); 13348 (2-88); 13349<br />
(6-44); 13353 (2-36); 13404 (3-4); 13419 (7-56a);<br />
13462 (7-56b); 13507 (2-27a); 13638 (2-77); 13693<br />
(3-4); 13732 (7-56a); 13849 (7-6); 13868 (7-40);<br />
13882 (7-6); 13883 (7-56a); 13925 (6-29); 13963,<br />
13975 (2-69b); 13990 (7-56a); 14015 (8-4); 14024<br />
(2-43b); 14070 (2-81); 14077 (7-6); 14079 (7-40);<br />
14092 (2-17); 14095 (6-34); 14155 (7-40); 14158 (2-<br />
94); 14159 (2-62); 14169 (2-17); 14172 (2-99); 14178<br />
(2-43b); 14194 (2-88); 14252 (2-17); 14276 (2-43b);<br />
14320 (2-99); 14324 (7-56b); 14374 (6-4); 14388 (2-<br />
56b); 14644 (2-69a); 14719, 14720 (1-1); 14735 (2-<br />
69.1); 14755 (7-36a); 14787 (6-3a); 14839 (6-29);<br />
14924 (6-3b); 14931 (2-27a); 14942 (6-35.1); 14981<br />
(7-2); 14987 (2-27a); 14995 (2-36); 15001 (2-88);<br />
15012 (6-15); 15013 (2-69a); 15018 (2-88); 15026<br />
(2-98); 15030 (2-69a); 15043 (2-99); 15053 (6-3a);<br />
15150 (2-69a); 15116 (6-3b); 15134 (7-24); 15166<br />
(7-56a); 15265 (2-77); 15271 (7-56b); 15274 (6-2);<br />
15336 (2-69a); 15388 (7-62); 15397 (2-77); 15426<br />
(2-24); 15433 (6-3b); 15463 (2-88); 15503 (2-93);<br />
15505 (4-1); 15604 (7-72); 15745 (2-52); 15820 (7-<br />
62); 15935 (6-34); 16014 (6-2); 16035 (6-5); 16040<br />
(2-99); 16048 (7-62); 16055 (2-22); 16141 (7-41);<br />
16143 (6-41); 16167 (2-88); 16196 (4-1) 16215 (2-<br />
27a); 16229 (2-69b); 16315 (6-23); 16368 (6-37);
Supplemental List of Exsiccatae 119<br />
16401 (7-56); 16408 (2-39); 16452 (7-62); 16518 (6-<br />
44); 16521 (6-41); 16524 (2-43b); 16526(7-2); 16529<br />
(6-29); 16540, 16542 (1-1); 16545 (2-1); 16548 (7-<br />
21); 16562(6-42a); 16563(6-15); 16564(2-78); 16772<br />
(7-36a); 17519 (6-4); 17520 (2-79); 17541 (2-69a);<br />
17575 (7-2); 17750 (7-1); 17751, 17800 (2-69a);<br />
17816 (2-119); 17820 (2-79) 17828 (7-73); 17897<br />
(2-124); 17948 (2-82); 17950(2-60); 17985 (2-27a);<br />
18000, 18001 (2-69a); 18051 (6-29); 18237 (7-56a);<br />
18301 (2-69a); 18304 (6-3b); 18310 (2-17); 18727<br />
(7-1); 18739(6-4); 18747 (6-9); 18759 (6-15); 18840<br />
(6-27); 18920 (3-16); 19040 (2-114); 19061 (7-54);<br />
19078 (7-20); 19161 (2-144); 19329 (2-37); 19361<br />
(7-66); 20012 (2-68); 20199 (7-56a); 20555 (7-6);<br />
20591 (2-69b); 20592 (2-28); 20611 (2-69a); 20626<br />
(6-3b); 20633 (2-88); 20729 (6-11); 20768 (6-15);<br />
21006 (6-16); 21007 (2-85); 21032 (7-8); 21629 (7-<br />
6); 21636 (6-35.1); 21639 (7-8); 21652 (6-29); 21653<br />
(7-56a); 21661 (7-2); 21670 (2-114); 22611 (2-64);<br />
22622 (6-41); 22658 (7-56a); 22682 (7-73); 22693<br />
(2-39); 22721 (2-22); 22775 (2-64); 22807 (2-121);<br />
22822 (2-17); 22832 (2-99); 22843 (2-21); 22850 (2-<br />
124); 22858 (2-43b); 22939 (2-28); 22972 (2-33);<br />
22977 (7-56b); 22986 (2-43b); 23028 (2-64); 29997<br />
(2-17); 23131 (4-1); 23253 (2-26); 23366 (7-2); 23379<br />
(6-11); 23395 (6-9); 23481 (6-29); 23505 (2-26);<br />
23508 (7-9); 23548 (7-56b); 23595 (6-9); 23601 (7-<br />
1); 23762 (6-35); 23789 (7-62); 23816 (6-35); 23826<br />
(7-41); 23860 (7-56a); 23938 (6-7); 23971 (6-29);<br />
23974 (7-40.1); 24123 (7-56a); 24163 (7-62); 24166<br />
(7-40); 24177 (7-62); 24215 (2-27a); 24216 (4-1);<br />
24238 (7-56b); 24251 (2-124); 24257 (7-67); 24268<br />
(2-36); 24269 (6-41); 24287 (6-4); 24297 (4-3); 24539<br />
(2-129); 24574 (7-2); 24731 (7-63); 24759 (2-28);<br />
24800 (2-141); 24875 (2-75); 24895 (7-20); 25001<br />
(7-50a); 25065 (2-57); 25087 (2-81); 25140 (2-75);<br />
25190 (7-20); 25264 (2-75); 25190 (7-20); 25264 (2-<br />
17); 25531 (2-69a); 25574 (4-3); 25575 (2-27b); 25642<br />
(2-39); 25652 (2-14.1); 25677 (2-99); 25789 (7-2);<br />
25843 (2-69a); 25885 (4-3); 26127 (2-43b); 26130,<br />
26190 (2-28); 26219 (2-43b); 26302 (6-20); 26318<br />
(6-3b); 26319, 26323 (4-1); 26324 (6-3a); 26327 (4-<br />
1); 26343 (6-21); 26352,26359 (2-27a); 26372,26509<br />
(7-36a); 26564 (2-8); 26630 (6-16); 27992 (7-56b);<br />
28053 (2-51); 28076 (1-1); 28134 (2-11); 28154 (1-<br />
1); 28078 (7-2); 28100 (7-74); 28154 (1-1); 28510<br />
(7-56b); 28171 (2-145); 28373 (7-21); 28376 (7-25);<br />
28399 (7-21); 28448 (2-56); 28453 (2-69b); 28472<br />
(7-56b); 28693 (2-23); 28762 (2-114); 28868 (6-29);<br />
28869 (7-49); 28875 (2-93); 28903 (2-57); 28908 (4-<br />
3); 28919 (2-43a); 28941,29000 (7-30); 29037,29091<br />
(2-135); 29098 (2-69a); 29137 (2-135); 29163 (7-49);<br />
29181 (2-69a); 29261 (6-29.1); 29331 (6-57); 29357,<br />
29389 (7-83); 29420 (6-29.1); 29443 (6-la); 29469<br />
(7-62); 29513 (6-9); 29663 (2-69a); 29675 (6-29a);<br />
29715 (6-9); 29721 (7-49); 29738 (2-37); 29741 (2-<br />
36); 29749 (6-29.1); 29766 (7-49); 29768 (6-29a);<br />
29809, 29815 (2-119a); 29834 (2-131); 29843 (6-<br />
29.1); 29856 (4-1); 29877 (2-39); 29913 (2-18); 29931<br />
(2-140); 29947 (7-56a); 29941 (2-88); 30011 (2-140);<br />
30053 (7-25); 30110 (7-36a)<br />
Prevost, M. F. et al., 311 (2-56a); 343 (7-25); 355 (2-<br />
109); 358 (2-86); 378 (7-56a); 393 (2-114); 437 (2-<br />
36); 448 (2-56a); 932 (3 sp.); 1059 (2-134); 1168 (7-<br />
52); 1201 (2-114); 1495 (6-7); 1518 (7-52); 1574 (2-<br />
69a)<br />
Procter, J., 4737 (7-56a); 4738 (2-135)<br />
Pruski, J., 1511 (1-1)<br />
Pulle, A. A., 182 (3-1)<br />
Pulle-Lutz, 1130 (7-36b)<br />
Pyron, J. H. et al., 3145 (2-1)<br />
Quintero, A., 2204 (7-36a)<br />
Rabelo, B., 152 (2-43a); 164 (3-4); 230 (2-36); 605 (7-<br />
18); 1528 (7-25); 1827 (3-4); 1839 (2-39); 2181 (7-<br />
56a); 2193 (2-39); 2249 (3-4); 2275 (2-43a); 2285<br />
(7-52); 2380 (7-50b); 2381 (7-56d); 2475 (2-18); 2477<br />
(7-24); 2478,2480,2482 (2-43a); 2486 (7-50b); 2491<br />
(2-114); 2660 (2-39); 2695 (3-4); 2712 (2-8); 2774<br />
(3-4); 2792 (6 sp.); 2885 (2-114); 2922 (7-18); 2925<br />
(2-69a); 2928 (7-56a); 2931 (2-69); 2938 (2-69a) 2976<br />
(2-43a); 2990 (2-69a); 3018 (3-2); 3020 (6-50); 3029<br />
(2-69a); 3038 (3-2); 3058 (2-39); 3072 (2-69a); 3128<br />
(2-109); 3135 (6-15); 3147 (2-69a); 3197 (6-la); 3223<br />
(3-2)<br />
Ramcharan, E. K., 438 (1-1)<br />
Ramia, M., 7176 (2-27b)<br />
Ramirez C., R., 4 (6-34); 18 (7-40); 87 (6-38); 104 (2-<br />
5); 1083 (7-40); 1094 (2-140)<br />
Ramos, J. F. et al., 90 (6-41); 138 (7-56a); 157 (2-26);<br />
378 (2-69a); 382 (6-11); 429, 433 (7-5); 637 (7-56a);<br />
646 (7-66); 651 (6-22); 755 (2-119.1); 792 (7-65);<br />
851 (2-17); 865 (7-56a); 877 (7-30); 914 (2-63); 940<br />
(3-3); 942 (2-136); 945 (2-114); 1048 (2-63); 1087<br />
(2-27a); 1090 (2-17); 1154 (7-56b); 1165, 1196 (2-<br />
69a); 1507 (7-63); 1589 (2-81); 1668 (7-63); P21800<br />
(6-11); P23251 (8-4); INPA62116 (7-50a); INPA2157<br />
(6-9); INPA62177 (7-56b); INPA62187 (7-56a);<br />
INPA62246 (7-56b); INPA62279, INPA62293 (7-<br />
24); INPA62319 (6-34)<br />
Ramos, R., 174 (7-22)<br />
Ramsey, G. W. et al., 137 (2-1)<br />
Rankin, J., 27 (2-64); 29 (2-69a); 137 (2-108)<br />
Ratter, J. A., 2074, 2163 (2-41); 3232 (2-30); 3557 (7-<br />
66); 3619 (6-27); 3739 (3-16); 3845 (2-4); 3941 (2-<br />
30); 3956 (2-28); 4439 (2-27a); 4441 (2-30); 5076<br />
(2-18)<br />
Rau, E. A., s.n. (2-1)<br />
Ravelo, O., 33 (2-113)<br />
Reeder et al., LBB12309 (2-69a)<br />
Reis, G., 149 (2-43a)<br />
Reis, L. Q., s.n. INPA57832, s.n. INPA57833 (6-50)<br />
Reitz, R. et al., 18086 (3-4)<br />
Renteria A., H., 1460 (1-1)<br />
Renteria, E. et al., 2186 (2-56a)<br />
Revilla, J., 171 (7-40); 359 (2-27a); 383 (2-27); 402<br />
(6-3b); 406 (2-37); 479, 580, 676 (6-44); 690 (2-69b);<br />
698 (6-3b); 816 (6-14); 1120 (7-56b); 1167 (6-6a);<br />
1483 (7-5); 1666 (2-17); 1814 (7-40); 1843 (7-56b);<br />
1903 (2-140); 2138 (6-la); 2218, 2247 (2-140); 2345<br />
(2-94); 2421 (6-44); 2465, 4071, 4075 (6-3b); 4156<br />
(4-1); 4537 (7-56a); 7062 (2-22); 7086 (2-128); 7106<br />
(2-57); 8372 (7-24); 8380 (2-69a); 8414 (2-17); 8416<br />
(2-67); 8421 (2-136); 8433 (2-63); 8434 (2-17); 8529,<br />
8531 (7-56b); 8666 (6-21)
120 Flora Neotropica<br />
Reyna R., N., 31, 132-I (2-128)<br />
Reynel R., C., 366 (2-21); 422 (7-73); 444 (7-36a); 498<br />
(3-9); 558 (2-27a); 566 (7-41); 643 (2-43b); 653 (7-<br />
41); 695 (2-45); 850a (7-56a); 967 (7-36a)<br />
Riba, R. et al., 292 (2-15)<br />
Ribanov, J. et al., 151 (2-43b); 169, 205 (2-108); 218,<br />
245 (2-88); 268 (7-56a); 277 (7-50b); 281 (2-108);<br />
295, 303 (3-4); 319 (2-81); 325 (2-124); 345 (2-81);<br />
347 (7-50b); 353 (7-1); 390 (2-36); 391 (2-69a)<br />
Ribeiro, B. G. S., 142 (6-13); 151 (6-la); 183 (2-52);<br />
273 (7-56b); 277, 299 (6-21); 307 (7-56a); 447 (6-<br />
3a); 484 (6-37); 752 (2-119); 844, 1013 (7-8); 1090<br />
(7-50a); 1105, 1107 (2-52); 1307 (3-1); 1511 (7-18);<br />
1548 (7-24); 1584 (7-56a); 1608 (7-24); s.n. (7-30)<br />
Richardson, W. D., 744 (7-25)<br />
Rico Gray, V., 124, 444 (1-1)<br />
Riedel, L., s.n. (3-16); 405 (2-25); 1111 (2-30); 1521<br />
(2-27b); 1869 (7-85); 2319 (3-16); 2841 (6-27)<br />
Riedel, W. D., 1371 (6-16); 1667 (3-4)<br />
Rimachi Y., M., 1803 (2-52); 1807 (7-40); 1854 (2-<br />
69b); 1861 (2-60); 1881 (2-140); 1884 (7-40); 2264<br />
(6-35); 2302 (7-40); 2324 (7-53); 2326 (2-64); 2424<br />
(6-3b); 2740 (7-53); 2789 (6-35); 2797 (2-43c); 2809<br />
(6-44); 2838, 2866 (2-23); 3136 (2-69b); 3165 (2-<br />
52); 3250 (6-36); 3260 (6-26); 3274 (2-7); 3277 (2-<br />
69b); 3357 (6-44); 3374 (7-56b); 3391 (7-5); 3465<br />
(6-lb); 3472 (2-26); 3493 (3-9); 3643 (7-56a); 3681<br />
(2-69a); 3685 (3-4); 4208 (7-24); 4257 (2 sp.); 4267<br />
(6-3b); 4378 (3-14); 4622 (2-26); 4681 (7-40)<br />
Rizzini, G. M., 158 (7-36a)<br />
Rizzo, J. A. et al., 2990 (2-114); 4312 (7-54)<br />
Roa, A., 365 (6-41.1); 435 (2-82)<br />
Robbins, S. B., 5793 (1-1)<br />
Robert, A., 567b (6-27)<br />
Roberts, L., LBB14763 (2-117); LBB16303 (7-11.2)<br />
Robertson, K. R. et al., 243 (2-77)<br />
Robleto, W., 8 (1-1); 194 (2-15); 372, 408 (2-45); 641<br />
(7-22); 739 (6-47)<br />
Rodrigues, I. A., 234 (7-54)<br />
Rodrigues, R. S., MG8813 (2-86)<br />
Rodrigues, W. A. et al., 887f(2-124); 1408 (8-4); 5402<br />
(6-la); 7263 (2-136); 8257 (7-55.1); 8353 (2-27a);<br />
8770 (2-22); 8815 (2-27a); 8832 (4-1); 9064 (6-28);<br />
9097 (2-53); 9278 (2-88); 9284 (2-119.1); 9317 (7-<br />
8); 9405 (7-56a); 9408 (7-54); 9411 (7-50a); 9621<br />
(2-69a); 10064 (2-43); 10129 (2-131); 10224 (2-57);<br />
10230 (7-56b); 10259 (2-121.1); 10497 (2-57); 10501<br />
(2-135.1); 10505 (6-15); 10509, 10528 (6-29.1);<br />
10542 (2-37); 10556 (2-69a); 10559 (6-7); 10609,<br />
10616 (2-57); 10630 (6-15); 10635, 10642 (2-57)<br />
Rodriguez A., A. A. et al., 57 (7-56b)<br />
Rodriguez, B., 1419 (7-15)<br />
Rogers, G., 27 (7-5)<br />
Rojac, C., 4117 (3-16)<br />
Rojas, M., 50 (2-15)<br />
Romero Castafieda, R., 1212 (7-21); 5270 (2-148); 5570<br />
(3-17); 8445 (7-56a)<br />
Rombouts, H. E., 321 (7-20)<br />
Rooden, J. van et al., 358 (2-124); 536 (2-32); 553 (2-<br />
124); 586 (3-15)<br />
Rosa, M., 74 (7-36b)<br />
Rosa, N. A. et al., 33 (2-134); 76 (7-56a); 170 (2-28);<br />
242 (2-37); 373 (2-140); 378 (2-24); 381 (2-27a); 384<br />
(3-6); 436 (6-21); 513(2-94); 540 (6-41); 672 (2-141);<br />
732 (2-69a); 847 (7-56a); 882 (7-50a); 888 (2-37);<br />
914 (7-20); 916 (2-43b); 961, 988 (7-18); 1006 (2-<br />
63); 1052 (7-11); 1061 (2-117); 1133 (7-50b); 1134<br />
(2-109); 1163 (7-20); 1165 (2-67); 1353 (7-69); 1423<br />
(6-43); 1452 (7-56b); 1467 (2-27b); 1498 (7-25); 1564<br />
(2-119.1); 1622(2-28); 1689 (2-36); 1697 (4-3); 1707<br />
(7-8); 1713(6-29.1); 1795 (2-112); 1799 (2-109); 1926<br />
(3-9); 1931 (3-4); 1967 (2-75); 1988 (2-28); 2025 (7-<br />
54); 2046 (2-43b); 2098 (7-73); 2210 (3-4); 2308 (2-<br />
114); 2310 (2-69a); 2331 (7-56a); 2337 (2-126.1);<br />
2405 (6-50); 2568 (2-56b); 2708 (2-86); 2724 (7-<br />
56a); 2727 (2-79a); 2753 (2-99); 2848 (2-86); 2891<br />
(2-37); 2923 (7-24); 2924 (2-99); 2930 (6-12); 2942<br />
(2-27a); 2954 (2-134); 3097 (2-27b); 3120 (2-122);<br />
3124 (2-18); 3148 (3-3); 3155 (6-50); 3157 (2-81);<br />
3310, 3586 (7-36a); 3651 (7-53); 3655 (7-14); 3607<br />
(7-28)<br />
Rosario, C. da S., 9 (7-73)<br />
Rosario T., A. J., 82 (2-45)<br />
Rosbach, G. B., 3719 (7-61)<br />
Ruiz, A. G. et al., 224 (2-128)<br />
Ruiz C., J., 30 (2-43c); 500 (2-22)<br />
Ruiz, D., 182 (7-22)<br />
Ruiz, T. et al., 3949 (2-69b)<br />
Rutkis, E., 55 (2-26); 285 (6-3b); 712 (2-27b)<br />
Rylands, A., 42/80 (2-124); 53 (2-99); 56/80 (2-124)<br />
Rzedowski, J., 22516 (2-15)<br />
Sabatier, D., 50 (2-63); 75 (2-69a); 71 (2-65); 110 (2-<br />
99); 119 (6-7); 130 (2-35); 205 (6-la)<br />
Safford, W. E., s.n. (2-1)<br />
Sagastegui A., A., 550, 6866 (7-56b)<br />
Salazar, A., 2, 662 (2-64)<br />
Saldana, 655 (3-4)<br />
Sanchez, E., 8 (1-1)<br />
Sanchez V., P. et al., 424 (7-36a)<br />
Sandino, J. C. et al., 797 (1-1); 1822 (2-45); 2239 (1-<br />
1); 2678 (7-22); 3012 (1-1); 3630 (2-15); 3949, 4046<br />
(1-1); 4312 (6-47); 4395, 4407 (2-15); 4447 (2-45);<br />
4746 (7-22); 4772 (7-36c); 4963 (2-45)<br />
Santino, 284 (7-54)<br />
Santos, A., 84 (7-36a)<br />
Santos, F. S., 193 (6-49); 409 (2-lOOa)<br />
Santos, J. L. dos et al., 681 (2-119.1); 717 (2-131); 758<br />
(2-165)<br />
Santos, J. U., 255 (7-73)<br />
Santos, M. R., 11 (2-69b); 57 (2-22); 120 (2-69b); 162<br />
(2-129); 166 (3-4); 281 (2-69a); 286 (7-24); 309 (7-<br />
56a); 377 (2-39); 396 (2-27a); 444 (2-136); 466 (7-<br />
50b); 472 (2-69a); 485 (2-27a); 507 (2-99); 532 (7-<br />
63); 569 (7-56a); 643 (2-69a); 652 (3-4); 686 (2-39)<br />
Santos, R. R., 49 (4-3)<br />
Santos, T. S. dos et al., 164 (3-18); 300 (7-22.1); 309<br />
(6-26); 311 (3-18); 320 (2-146); 322 (6-53); 326 (2-<br />
114); 457 (3-3.1); 526 (7-36a); 570 (7-64); 945 (2-<br />
43a); 1279 (6-51b); 1284 (7-37); 1402 (7-20); 1441<br />
(7-36a); 1444 (2-146); 1512 (7-70.1); 1677, 1695 (7-<br />
13); 1837 (2-43a); 1995 (7-36a); 2287 (7-20); 2305<br />
(3-3.1); 2349, 2468 (2-43a); 2693 (7-36a); 2898 (7-<br />
13); 2935 (6-52.2); 2984 (7-20)<br />
Sarmiento, A. C., 604 (4-2); 614/80, 651 (7-18)<br />
Sastre, C. et al., 514 (6-44); 641 (3-14); 671 (7-56a);<br />
839, 854 (7-40); 872 (7-56b); 1027 (7-40); 1311 (2-
Supplemental List of Exsiccatae 121<br />
69a); 1363 (7-56a); 1397, 1415 (7-73); 1617, 1816<br />
(7-56a); 2357 (7-62); 2427 (2-69b); 2436 (7-62); 2437<br />
(2-68); 3127 (7-5); 3268 (7-56b); 3273 (7-35); 3350<br />
(2-69b); 3358 (7-55); 3370 (7-56b); 3443 (3-1); 3486<br />
(2-68); 4107 (7-73); 4156(7-18); 4348 (2-134); 4426,<br />
4536 (2-112); 5060 (2-104); 5070 (7-5); 5106 (7-2);<br />
5178 (2-104); 5225 (7-40); 5587, 5674 (7-73); 5688<br />
(7-56a); 5990 (7-18); 5991 (7-56a); 6110 (3-1)<br />
Saunders, J., 153, 223 (1-1); J 233 (7-22); 417 (1-1);<br />
530, 574 (7-56b); 743 (1-1); 1197 (7-23); 1304 (7-<br />
56b)<br />
Sauvain, M., 156 (2-88)<br />
Schatz, G. E. et al., 779 (7-56b)<br />
Scheiner, P., 50 (2-114); 58 (7-54)<br />
Schmidt, E., 26 (3-5)<br />
Schnell, R., 11129 (7-25); 11134 (1-1); 11425 (7-56);<br />
11728 bis (7-56a); 11751 (7-2); 11849 (7-56); 11899<br />
(7-73); 12040 (3-1); 12069 (6-lb); 12089 (6-1c);<br />
12114(3-1)<br />
Schomburgk, R. H., 318 (2-134)<br />
Schubert, B. G., 42 (1-1)<br />
Schultes, R. E. et al., 6520 (6-3b); 12979 (3-6); 13416<br />
(2-69b); 14913(2-39); 15456, 15660(2-27.1); 16856<br />
(2-69b); 19161 (7-21); 19398 (7-56b); 19421 (7-5);<br />
19602 (2-69b); 26038 (7-56b); 26106 (6-9); 26139a<br />
(6-13); 26184a (7-28)<br />
Schunke V., J., 10 (7-75); 16 (2-68); 1737 (2-45); 2008<br />
(7-36a); 2050 (2-43b); 2063 (7-56a); 2137 (7-75);<br />
2187 (2-69a); 2194 (7-56a); 2587 (2-43b); 3344 (6-<br />
36); 3525 (7-56a); 3794 (7-28); 4103 (2-141); 4128<br />
(7-56a); 4389, 4610 (7-36a); 4767 (6-36); 4900 (2-<br />
129); 5622, 6210 (7-21); 6247 (6-16); 6314 (2-129);<br />
6447 (7-73); 6502 (2-7); 6518 (7-28); 6637 (7-56a);<br />
6671, 7222 (7-21); 8439 (2-144.1); 11926 (6-34)<br />
Schwacke, C. A. W., 256, 4256 (3-4)<br />
SEF (Studies ofEcuadorean Forests), 9269 (2-60); 10321<br />
(6-36)<br />
Seymour, F. C., 3787 (7-56b); 4593, 5957 (1-1)<br />
Shepherd, G. J., 7443 (7-19)<br />
Shepherd, J. D., 197 (7-34)<br />
Shepherd, W. O., 62, 145 (2-1)<br />
Sidney, (Fonseca) et al., 199 (7-54); 1302, 424 (2-30)<br />
Silva, A. F., s.n. INPA68839 (6-29)<br />
Silva, A. S. L. da et al., 8 (2-99); 65 (2-141); 132 (2-<br />
129); 134 (2-81); 144 (2-56b); 220 (6-4); 426 (3-2);<br />
452 (6-57); 511 (6-14); 534 (6-13); 540 (7-5); 569<br />
(6-9); 1980 (2-134)<br />
Silva, F. C. F. da, 35 (7-54); 82 (2-144); 237 (2-44)<br />
Silva, I. A., 8 (2-69a); 30 (7-37); 94 (2-114); 131 (7-<br />
85); 136 (7-64); 267, 268 (3-4); 283 (6-17)<br />
Silva, J. A., 105 (7-56b); 178 (2-124); 193 (2-99); 202<br />
(2-27b); 242 (2-81); 278 (3-4); 290 (2-17); 301 (6-<br />
3b); 338 (2-27a); 356 (2-129)<br />
Silva, J. C. da, 40 (7-19); 100 (7-52.1)<br />
Silva, M. F. F. etal., 1102 (2-43a); 1382 (2-134); 1404,<br />
1446 (7-56a)<br />
Silva, Manoel, s.n. INPA27688 (2-112)<br />
Silva, Marlene F. da et al., 45 (2-57); 46 (7-56a); 50<br />
(2-62); 80 (2-69.1); 127 (4-1); 135 (6-3b); 146 (4-1);<br />
177 (7-73); 193 (7-2); 223 (6-15); 224 (2-124); 228,<br />
243 (2-69a); 248 (6-29); 262 (2-83); 267 (6-35.2);<br />
337 (2-43b); 348 (2-17); 360 (2-142); 391 (2-69b);<br />
465 (6-15); 467 (6-35.2); 486 (2-64); 490 (6-69.1);<br />
516 (2-69a); 527 (7-1); 535 (7-56b); 562 (2-75); 569<br />
(7-6); 705 (2-99); 732 (7-1); 782 (7-20); 788 (7-1);<br />
791 (7-6); 822 (6-35.2); 824 (2-83); 828 (2-142); 873<br />
(2-73.1); 874 (2-21); 901 (2-83); 914, 922 (3-2); 930<br />
(2-99); 942 (3-2); 967 (6-34) 981 (2-88); 993 (6-29);<br />
1027 (6-35.2); 1151 (7-56a); 1186 (2-28); 1207 (2-<br />
69b); 1228 (3-6); 1339 (2-27a); 1365 (2-140); 1466<br />
(3-6); 1474 (7-62); 1510 (7-21); 1532 (2-140); 1538<br />
(2-27a); 1618 (7-55); 1620 (7-56a); 1630(2-28); 1671<br />
(7-55); 1701 (2-69a); 1815, 1866(2-69b); 1918, 1932<br />
(3-4); 2043 (2-27b); 2230 (6-15)<br />
Silva, Milton G. da et al., 716 (2-86); 892 (6-3a); 936,<br />
945 (2-27a); 1147 (2-60); 1181 (6-37); 1220 (2-81);<br />
1304 (6-3a); 1408 (6-37); 1914 (2-69a); 2190 (6-21);<br />
2345, 2471,2686 (7-56a); 2716 (7-24); 2718 (7-56a);<br />
2759 (7-18); 2818 (1-1); 2837 (7-56b); 3122 (3-4);<br />
3128 (7-15); 3217 (2-17); 3230 (2-37); 3269 (2-30);<br />
3327 (2-37); 3408 (2-63); 3496 (7-56b); 3508 (2-<br />
121.1); 3527 (2-37); 3554 (2-69a); 3570, 3599 (7-<br />
53); 3620 (6-3a); 3630 (2-129); 3705 (7-56a); 3754<br />
(7-24); 3792 (2-27a); 3793 (6-21); 3805 (2-22); 3825<br />
(6-3a); 3873 (6-21); 3962 (2-52); 4281 (2-27); 4296<br />
(2-64.1); 4586 (2-41); 4662 (2-57); 4684 (2-64.1);<br />
4744 (7-56a); 4746 (3-4); 4753 (7-20); 4826, 4845<br />
(7-75); 4892 (7-20); 4906 (2-41); 4945 (7-54); 5008<br />
(2-41); 5020 (6-27); 5026 (2-41); 5207 (7-30); 5237<br />
(6-1c); 5279 (7-30); 5324 (2-81); 5348 (6-lc); 5402<br />
(2-43b); 5442 (2-81); 5455 (7-56a); 5489 (2-69a);<br />
5498 (6-50); 5500 (2-57); 5513 (7-56a); 5522 (2-81);<br />
5524 (7-69); 5528 (7-42); 5534, 5535 (6-50); 5537<br />
(6-la); 6574 (2-92); 6589 (2-53); 7121 (6-29.1); 7122<br />
(2-119.1)<br />
Silva, M. N., 271 (7-20); 390 (3-4); 403 (7-56b)<br />
Silva, N. T. da, 593 (6-lc); 838 (2-8); 1045 (6-50); 1756<br />
(3-4); 1796 (4-3); 1825 (2-114); 1831 (7-24); 1841<br />
(6-la); 1857 (3-4); 1881 (6-50); 1901 (7-36a); 1969<br />
(7-50b); 2093 (2-39); 2096 (2-53); 2170 (7-27); 2203<br />
(2-53); 2215 (7-42); 2294 (6-la); 2329 (2-83); 2380<br />
(3-4); 2385 (7-15); 2386 (7-42); 2408 (6-la); 2420<br />
(7-56a); 2512 (7-42); 2517 (6-1a); 2547 (7-56a); 2621<br />
(6-7); 2683 (6-la); 2768, 2782 (2-69a); 2826 (2-136);<br />
2833 (6-la); 2879, 2911, 2925 (2-124); 2950 (7-24);<br />
3170 (6-lc); 3203 (3-4); 3223 (6-la); 3241 (3-4);<br />
3292 (7-50b); 3296 (6-la); 3310 (3-2); 3311 (3-4);<br />
3316 (6-la); 3342 (6-50); 3391 (7-36a); 3424 (6-la);<br />
3556 (2-17); 3615 (2-141); 3631 (2-17); 3727 (2-75);<br />
3742 (2-129); 3874 (2-140); 3894 (7-21); 3897 (7-<br />
8); 3926 (2-43a); 3950 (6-la); 3978 (2-99); 4028 (6-<br />
41.1); 4174 (7-62); 4456 (7-56b); 4459 (2-17); 4490<br />
(2-27a); 4492 (2-129); 4521 (6-lb); 4578 (2-119.1);<br />
4609 (2-43b); 4612 (2-36); 4753 (2-69a); 4755 (2-<br />
142); 4764 (6-21); 4796, 4805 (6-3a); 4810 (2-30);<br />
4817 (7-56b); 4821 (2-27a); 4827 (6-20); 4837 (7-<br />
54); 5064 (2-37); 5086 (7-24); 57170 (3-16); 60697<br />
(2-27.1)<br />
Silva, S. B. da et al., 383 (7-18)<br />
Silva Costa, J. da, 1221 (2-28)<br />
Simpson, D. R. et al., 51 (2-43b); 76 (7-40); 732 (7-<br />
53); 761 (7-40)<br />
Skog, L. et al., 5643 (7-56b)<br />
Slane, V., 12 (1-1)<br />
Smith, C. E., Jr., 6034 (6-3b); 6054 (2-12)
122 Flora Neotropica<br />
Smith, D. et al., 1173 (2-98); 8409 (7-56b)<br />
Smith, E., 8 (2-21)<br />
Smith, F. D., Jr., s.n. (2-12)<br />
Smith, R. F., V1592 (2-76); 4301, 4302 (2-12)<br />
Smith, S. F. et al., 121, 190, 234, 297, 340, 381 (7-<br />
56a); 590 (7-53); 7856 (2-69b)<br />
Snow, D. W., 8 (7-25); 21 (7-26); 37 (7-25)<br />
Soares, S. et al., s.n. on 18 II 1985 (2-122)<br />
Sobrinho, J. F. et al., 322 (7-18); 890 (3-4)<br />
Soejarto, D. D. et al., 360 (1-1); 449 (2-12); 694 (2-<br />
69a); 2396 (6-la); 4025 (7-34)<br />
Solomon, J. C., 6111 (7-56a); 6205 (7-66); 6509, 7605<br />
(7-36a); 7659 (7-56b); 7788 (7-53); 7856 (2-69b);<br />
7944 (7-66); 8502 (7-46); 8784 (7-36a); 9393 (7-46)<br />
Sonkin, L., 340 (3-4)<br />
Soria S., M. A., 20 (2-22)<br />
Soto Nuiiez, J. C. et al., 32 (2-45)<br />
Souza, A. B. de, 78 (6-25); 83 (4-2)<br />
Souza, D. S., 242 (1-1)<br />
Souza, J. L., 69 (7-56a)<br />
Souza, H. M. de, IAC21452 (7-54)<br />
Spada, J., 007/77 (6-17); 148 (6-26); 151 (4-5); 193 (2-<br />
43a); 210 (7-13); 329 (2-114); 31/78 (6-13.2); 67/78<br />
(2-43a); 79/78 (2-71)<br />
Sperling, C. et al., 5792 (7-56a); 5794 (7-36a); 5940<br />
(2-43a); 5942 (3-4); 5945, 5977 (2-99); 6029 (7-36a);<br />
6028 (7-53); 6048 (7-36a); 6072 (7-73); 6102 (7-15);<br />
6124 (2-134); 6176 (7-73); 6178 (7-15); 6251 (2-17);<br />
6327 (7-65); 6334 (2-43b); 6370 (7-36a); 6437,6443,<br />
6640 (7-56a)<br />
Spetzman, L. A., 539 (1-1)<br />
Spichiger et al., 1004 (7-41); 1170 (7-40)<br />
Spongberg, S. A. et al., 17197 (2-1)<br />
Stahel, G., 322 (2-88); 353 (2-18)<br />
Stannard, B. et al., CFCR5960 (2-144)<br />
Stein, B A. et al., 1329 (7-56b); 1369 (7-36a); 1471 (7-<br />
55); 1486 (7-62)<br />
Stergios, B. et al., 2683 (3-1); 2787 (7-56a); 3179 (2-<br />
69b); 3464 (1-1); 4112 (2-88); 4208 (7-5); 4420 (7-<br />
21); 4685, 4881 (7-36a); 4991 (6-45); 5535 (2-27b);<br />
5718 (7-22); 5793 (7-36a); 6175 (6-45); 7944 (3 sp.);<br />
8455, 8460 (7-40); 8470 (2-27); 8619, 8623 (7-56b)<br />
Stevens, W. D. et al., 5453 (2-45); 7204, 7478 (7-22);<br />
7555, 7634 (7-23); 7642 (7-56b); 7714 (1-1); 7802<br />
(7-22); 7818 (1-1); 7853 (7-56b); 7866 (2-88); 7902<br />
(1-1); 8811 (2-22); 8152 (7-56b); 8283 (7-36c); 8469<br />
(7-56b); 9669 (2-45); 10473 (1-1); 10475 (7-56b);<br />
10478, 10686 (1-1); 12104, 12769 (7-56b); 17147<br />
(2-45); 17560 (2-15); 17746 (1-1); 18644 (7-56b);<br />
19456, 19563, 19584, 19606 (1-1); 19826 (2-88);<br />
19828 (7-56b); 19993 (1-1); 20058 (2-88); 20075 (7-<br />
56b); 20635 (2-88); 20636 (7-56b); 20875 (1-1);<br />
21460 (7-22); 23357 (2-15)<br />
Stevenson, N. S., YALE10697 (7-23)<br />
Steward, W. C. et al., 36 (2-69a); 38 (2-36); 54 (6-19);<br />
61 (7-73); 88 (2-119.1); 110(2-33); 130(2-134); 134<br />
(6-3b); 174 (7-21); 289 (2-27); 341 (2-27a); 390 (2-<br />
69b); 511 (7-56a); P17669 (2-69.2); P17680 (3-4);<br />
P17697 (7-8); P20128 (6-29); P20241 (2-69a);<br />
P20251 (2-119.1); P20304 (6-4); P20310 (2-27);<br />
P20326 (2-119.1); P20328 (2-88); P20369 (2-36);<br />
P20401 (2-119.1)<br />
Steyermark, J. A. et al., 52829 (2-4.2); 75127, 75526<br />
(6-8.1); 86613 (3-3); 87137 (7-74); 87610, 88108 (6-<br />
6); 93035 (6-8.1); 101826 (3-7); 102626 (3-1); 102951<br />
(2-27a); 102953 (2-119); 102974 (2-27a); 103013 (7-<br />
21); 103225 (6-3b); 103247 (2-131); 103260(2-119);<br />
104154 (2-56); 104223 (7-26); 104352 (2-124);<br />
104492 (7-26); 104547 (2-69a); 104777 (7-22);<br />
105503 (2-56); 105936 (6-8.1); 106087 (2-69a);<br />
106117 (6-8.1); 106359 (7-49); 106411 (2-26);<br />
106412(2-28); 106645 (7-49); 106847 (7-22); 107132<br />
(7-50b); 107357 (2-60.1); 107456 (2-68); 108611 (7-<br />
56b); 108939,109173(2-135); 109900(2-12); 111391<br />
(2-105); 111507 (2-69a); 111512 (2-145); 111541 (2-<br />
5.4); 111609(7-22); 112386 (7-21); 113206, 113240<br />
(2-89); 113875 (6-3b); 113900 (2-87.1); 114424 (3-<br />
1); 114811 (2-39); 115119 (7-73); 115131 (2-8);<br />
115141(2-39); 115545(3-7); 116339 (7-36a); 116506<br />
(3-7); 116808 (2-86); 116841 (2-114); 116868,<br />
116931, 116933 (7-34); 117028 (2-39); 117588 (2-<br />
56); 117617 (2-68); 117651 (7-50b); 117696 (1-3);<br />
117776 (2-105); 117792, 117824 (3-10); 117839 (7-<br />
25); 117921 (7-9.1); 118135 (2 sp.); 119155 (6-3b);<br />
119388 (2-43a); 119397 (2-57); 119454, 119576 (6la);<br />
119749 (7-36a); 120004 (7-22); 120609 (2-69a);<br />
120732 (7-74); 121338 (7-36a); 121636 (2-69a);<br />
121703 (7-74); 121791 (7-36a); 121800 (7-22);<br />
121858 (7-36a); 122046 (2 sp.); 122072 (2-106);<br />
122405 (6 sp.); 122715, 122853, 122913, 123127,<br />
123184, 123300 (7-36a); 123392 (3-7); 123659 (7-<br />
68); 124598, 124638 (7-36a); 124748 (6 sp.); 124924<br />
(7-36a); 125670 (2-88); 125859, 126219 (2-68);<br />
129177 (3-4); 129367 (2-124); 130185 (2-57.1);<br />
130873 (2-124); 130906A (2-99); 131173 (2-27b);<br />
131203 (3-4); 131406 (6-3b); 131527 (7-25); 131653<br />
(3-4); 131676 (7-56b); 131888 (2-68); 131889 (7-<br />
56a); 131957 (2-81); 132163 (2-135)<br />
Stoffers, A. L. et al., 114 (2-108); 140 (2-90); 178 (7-<br />
56b); 222 (7-36a); 254 (7-73); 300 (2-108a); 404,<br />
492, 513 (7-25); 517 (6-43); 3659 (7-56a); 30143 (2-<br />
108.1)<br />
Strang, H. E., 208 (6-25)<br />
Strudwick, J. J. et al., 3042 (7-56b); 3347 (2-134); 3587,<br />
3589, 3614, 3689 (7-56b); 3766 (2-134); 3789 (7-<br />
20); 4047 (7-56b); 4245 (7-50a); 4352 (7-20); 4395,<br />
4450 (7-56b)<br />
Sucre, D., 1053 (6-25); 3525 (7-36b); 3949 (1-1); 4275<br />
(7-85); 5730 (7-36b); 6384 (7-82); 7939 (6-25); 9350,<br />
9384 (7-56b); 9579 (6-25); 10248 (1-1); 10299 (2-<br />
44); 11352 (7-36b)<br />
Svensson, B. et al., 685 (1-1)<br />
Sytsma, K. J. et al., 1551 (7-38); 3183, 3258, 3325,<br />
3335, 3557, (7-56b)<br />
Takeuchi, s.n. INPA7809 (2-22)<br />
Tamashiro, J. Y., 6554 (2-30); 8765 (7-82)<br />
Tamayo, F., 3541 (2-27a)<br />
Tate, G., 870 (6-8.1)<br />
Tavares, A. S., 114 (2-126.1)<br />
Tawjoeran, J. A., LBB14443 (4-3)<br />
Taylor, E. L., 1298 (7-18); 1301 (7-56a)<br />
Teixeira, L. O. A., 43 (7-56b); 122 (2-36); 157 (6-34);<br />
253 (2-53); 563 (7-56a); 728 (2-95.1); 798 (7-55a);<br />
804 (7-56b); 927 (6-la); 975 (7-6); 1201 (7-50b);<br />
1203 (6-9); 1222 (2 sp.); 1238 (2-69a); 1246 (3-4);<br />
1365 (7-66); 1511 (7-56a); 1581 (2-60)
Supplemental List of Exsiccatae 123<br />
Tellez, O., 2002, 2098 (7-22)<br />
Terceros, W. et al., 21 (7-36a)<br />
Terezo, E. F., s.n. INPA139843 (7-25)<br />
Thomas, W. W., 3195 (7-30); 3575 (2-32); 3598, 3672<br />
(7-56b); 3747 (6-47); 3808 (2-17); 3810 (2-124); 3836<br />
(2-37); 3876 (2-144); 4091 (2-56a); 4095 (2-27a);<br />
4154 (7-20); 4309 (2-30); 4324 (2-37); 4329 (7-20);<br />
4404 (2-114); 4457 (7-20); 4506, 4523, 4525 (2-27a);<br />
4572 (2-28); 4656 (7-66)<br />
Thore, R. F. et al., 57938, 57955 (2-1)<br />
Tidestrom, I., 4182 (1-1)<br />
Tjon Lim San, R., LBB14813 (6-1)<br />
Todzia, C. et al., 2212 (6-9); 2226 (7-9); 2283 (7-6);<br />
2295 (6-35.2); 2328 (2-129)<br />
Torres, A.M., 1804 (1-1)<br />
Torres C., R., 639 (6-47)<br />
Torres, J., 85 (6-16); 93 (6-35); 290 (6-3b); 830 (2-<br />
140); 919 (6-36)<br />
Trigos, R. C. (see Cedillo T., R.)<br />
Trinidade, L., 30070 (2-127)<br />
Troth, R. G., 1117 (2-12)<br />
Trujillo, B. et al., 3663 (7-74); 3765 (7-56a); 3789 (2-<br />
12); 4497 (7-56a); 4534 (7-25); 4655, 5323 (2-12);<br />
5518 (7-20); 5774 (6-3b); 5816, 5847 (7-56b); 5940<br />
(7-25); 6058 (2-26); 14980 (7-40); 15043, 15168,<br />
15243 (7-25); 15262 (7-56b); 15316a (6-3b); 15338<br />
(2-114); 15361a (2-88a); 15381 (7-56b); 15458 (3-<br />
4); 15473 (2-69a); 16224 (2-39); 17354 (7-25)<br />
Tunqui, S., 105 (3-9)<br />
Tyson, E. L., 7367 (7-56b)<br />
Ucan ek, E et al., 627, 1084 (1-1)<br />
Uhl, C. F., 458 (7-56a)<br />
Ule, E., 4214 (6-50)<br />
Univ. Brasilia, Taxonomy Class, 189 (2-114); 519 (3-<br />
16)<br />
Uribe U., L., 127 (7-25)<br />
Utley, J. et al., 5488 (2-18.2)<br />
Utrera, A., 81 (7-49)<br />
Valle, M. A., 46 (2-69b); 149 (7-56b)<br />
Van der Werff, H. et al., 6998 (2-88); 9540 (2-13.1)<br />
Van Hall, C. J. B., 47 (2-66); 49a (6-1); 49b (2-135);<br />
51 (2-27a)<br />
Varela, J. R. C., s.n. (1-1)<br />
Vasconcelos, H. L., C2-7, H13 (2-69a); H16 (2-81);<br />
H19 (6-28); J7 (2-76); J38 (7-50b); J53 (2-76); J59<br />
(2-142); S20 (2-69a)<br />
Vasquez, R. et al., 110 (6-44); 182 (2-27); 184 (6-3b);<br />
1008 (6-6.1); 1102 (6-44); 1220 (7-56b); 1547 (2-99);<br />
1255 (6-44); 1309 (6-6a); 1392 (2-99); 2085 (6-6a);<br />
3387 (7-56a); 3463 (6-7); 3444 (2-43c); 3472 (7-5);<br />
3479 (7-40); 3488 (2-69a); 3572 (7-56b); 3599, 3640<br />
(2-27b); 3696 (6-44); 3759 (2-52); 3762 (6-29); 3860<br />
(2-36a); 3976 (2-26); 3995 (2-69a); 3997 (6-34); 4000,<br />
4011, 4023, 4043 (2-69a); 4263 (6-3a); 4312 (2-21);<br />
4460 (2-39); 4492 (7-5); 4681 (6-36); 4788 (2-43b);<br />
4973 (7-36a); 5204 (6-36); 5255 (6-3b); 5263 (2-52);<br />
5267 (2-60); 5271, 5497 (7-53); 5637 (7-24); 5650<br />
(7-56b); 5655, 5656 (6-35); 5698 (2-62); 5782 (6-<br />
35); 5812 (2-39); 6124 (2-128); 6127 (7-5); 6135 (2-<br />
88a); 6147 (2-69a); 6152 (2-94); 6166 (7-53); 6197<br />
(6-62); 6220 (2-88a); 6243 (2-43c); 6411 (3-4); 6435<br />
(2-23); 6467 (6-44); 6622 (2-22)<br />
Vaz, A. M. S. F., 158 (7-18)<br />
Veillon, J. P., 2/v (2-27); 57 (7-36a); 131 (2-45)<br />
Velasquez, N., 28 (2-45)<br />
Vellow, 299 (3-4)<br />
Ventura A., F., 976 (7-36); 19786 (7-36c); 20011 (7-<br />
36a); 20203 (7-36c)<br />
Viera, M. G. et al., 8, 13 (7-56a); 72 (2-124); 123 (6-<br />
3a); 134 (7-50a); 151 (7-20); 281 (7-56a); 633 (2-<br />
41); 750 (2-57); 877 (2-114); 929 (2-82); 949 (6-27);<br />
977 (2-17); 995 (4-4)<br />
Vilhena, R., 46 (7-56a); 143 (7-50a); 144 (6-3a); 147<br />
(4-1); 211, 266 (7-50a); 289 (4-1); 304 (2-27b); 305<br />
(6-3a)<br />
Vincelli, P. C., 532 (2-88); 586 (1-1) 966 (7-25); 1012<br />
(2-124); 1055 (2-69a); 1066 (2-39)<br />
Vinha, S. G. da, 12 (3-11)<br />
Vital, D. M. et al., s.n. (1981) (7-54)<br />
Voeks, R., 28 (2-130.1); 53 (6-51b); 72 (7-37)<br />
Vogl, C., s.n. (3-7)<br />
Wachenheim, 115 (2-69a)<br />
Wagner, R. J., 1747 (7-83)<br />
Warer, R. H., 299 (2-148)<br />
Webster, G. L. et al., 9806 (2-69a)<br />
Wendt, T. et al., 3302 (7-36c); 3325 (2-15); 3724 (7-<br />
36c); 3899 (7-56b)<br />
Wessels Boer, J. G., 2073 (2-109); 2074 (7-56a); 2317<br />
(6-13); 2334 (7-21); 2405 (7-62)<br />
West, E., s.n. (2-44)<br />
Wherren, L., 16 (7-73); 105 (2-98)<br />
Whetstone, R. D., 13350, 14376 (2-1); 14501 (1-1);<br />
14514 (2-1)<br />
White, S. et al., 460 (7-22)<br />
Whitefoord, C., 2761 (2-88a); 2828 (7-56b); 3084 (1-<br />
1); 3151 (7-56b); 3290 (7-36a)<br />
Widgren, J. F., s.n. (3-4)<br />
Wilbur, R. L. et al., 10847 (2-14)<br />
Williams, LI., 3173 (6-16); 12510 (2-27); 14914 (4-1);<br />
16049 (2-69b)<br />
Williams, L. O. et al., 15962 (6-3b); 26513 (2-45)<br />
Williamson, C. S., s.n. (2-1)<br />
Witherspoon, J. T. & F., 8543 (7-80)<br />
Witsberger, D., 813 (2-9)<br />
Wolfe, F., 12181 (7-36a)<br />
Wood, C. W., 292, 410 (2-145)<br />
Woodbury, R. O., s.n., 30464 (7-83)<br />
Worthington, R. D., 13561 (1-1)<br />
Woytkowski, F., 5773 (2-64); 6318 (6-44)<br />
Young, K. et al., 146 (7-56a); 1037 (7-75); 1047 (7-<br />
56a)<br />
Zaandam, C., 6764 (6-la)<br />
Zabala, A., 80, 102, 162 (7-16)<br />
Zanoni, T. et al., 12668, 15904, 17737, 21206, 25782<br />
(1-1)<br />
Zappi, D. C. et al., CFCR8476 (2-43a)<br />
Zarucchi, J. L. et al., 1221 (6-9); 1278 (2-64); 1944 (3-<br />
6); 1983 (7-25); 2038 (7-25); 2548 (7-8); 2574 (2-<br />
57); 2580 (2-124); 2585 (7-20); 2858 (7-1); 2862 (7-<br />
9); 2920 (7-56d); 3079, 3100 (35.2); 3162 (2-129);<br />
3174, 3186 (2-140); 3396A (2-69b); 3401 (2-27b);<br />
3452 (2-83); 3491 (2-69b); 3533 (2-39); 3529 (7-40);<br />
3583 (3-4); 3626 (6-36); 3630 (2-24); 3634 (7-56b);<br />
3666 (6-3b); 3667 (2-69b); 3689 (2-140); 3698 (2-<br />
69a); 3773 (3-4)
124 Flora Neotropica<br />
SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL LIST OF EXSICCATAE<br />
Acevedo, P. et al., 1607 (7-2); 1657 (2-13.1)<br />
Acosta P., R. et al., 1653 (7-56b)<br />
Alvarez, H. J. et al., 34 (1-1)<br />
Amaral, I. L. et al., IG2-6-173, TF-2-15 (2-57)<br />
Aumeeruddy, 73 (2-114); 92 (2-109)<br />
Axelrod, F., 610 (7-83)<br />
Ayala, F. et al., 2888 (6-16); 3023 (2-43b); 3572 (7-<br />
56b)<br />
Aymard C., G. et al., 4825 (2-68); 4872 (7-49); 5355,<br />
5425 (7-25); 5552 (7-36a)<br />
Bal6e, W. et al., 2658 (7-24); 2737, 2829, 2836, 2836,<br />
2882 (6-la); 2894 (2-69a); 2902, 2925, 2928, 2929<br />
(6-la); 2943 (2-67); 2982, 3004 (6-la); 3018 (6-lc);<br />
3031 (7-56b); 3056 (6-lc)<br />
Bamps, P., 5478 (6-27)<br />
Barrier, S., 3863 (7-16); 3989,4259, 4814 (2-77); 4976<br />
(7-20); 5003 (7-50b); 5022 (2-114); 5183 (7-16); 5191,<br />
5058 (2-77)<br />
Beck, S. G., 10013 (2-69b); 10160 (2-69b)<br />
Billiet, F. et al., 1457 (2-135); 1458 (7-18); 1809 (2-<br />
109)<br />
Boom, B. M., 6838, 6881 (7-83); 7119 (2-135); 7127<br />
(6-7); 7136 (2-78); 7142,7145 (6-42a); 7363 (2-108);<br />
7529 (7-74)<br />
Brant, A. E. et al., 1055 (7-56b)<br />
Calzada, J. I., 5997 (7-56b)<br />
Castillo, A., 1340, 1518 (7-25); 1653 (2-81); 1859 (2-<br />
137); 2094, 2173 (7-25); 2208 (6-34); 2305 (2-83);<br />
2306 (2-121); 2317 (2-83); 2414 (7-56b); 2438 (3-4)<br />
Cid Ferreira, C. A., 5463 (7-50a); 5490 (2-43b); 5668<br />
(7-28); 5706, 5762 (2-43b); 5847, 5848 (7-56b); 5981<br />
(7-1); 6660 (2-62); 6674 (2-124); 6689 (2-129); 6696<br />
(2-52); 6737 (2-97); 6833 (6-7); 6844 (2-75); 6850<br />
(2-81); 6894 (2-39); 6897 (3-4); 6903 (2-27); 6911,<br />
6916 (3-4); 6917 (2-8); 6946 (7-11); 7033 (6-la);<br />
7064 (6-lb); 7070 (2-27b); 7078 (3-4); 7105 (2-140);<br />
7143 (2-119); 7145 (7-55); 7160 (2-27b); 7185 (6-<br />
44); 7209 (3-9); 7248 (6-44); 7254 (2-69b); 7262 (2-<br />
124); 7291 (3-9); 7326 (6-3b); 7650 (2-134); 7663<br />
(2-93); 7681 (3-4); 7703 (2-93); 7709 (7-56a); 7719<br />
(7-39); 7750, 7766 (2-36); 7770 (2-83); 7783 (3-4);<br />
7795 (6-3b); 7812 (2-36); 7820 (2-88); 7856 (7-50b);<br />
7857 (6-la); 7863 (7-56b); 7917 (4-3); 7949 (6-la);<br />
7957 (7-56a); 7968 (2-134); 7978 (6-3a); 8039 (2-<br />
134); 8041 (2-52); 8054 (6-19); 8073 (2-97); 8143<br />
(3-4); 8167 (2-75); 8180 (7-52); 8183 (3-4); 8190 (2-<br />
69a); 8194 (7-9); 8214 (7-1)<br />
Coradin, L. et al., 5809 (7-18); 6132 (7-56b)<br />
Cremers, G., 4664 (2-63); 9945 (7-2)<br />
Croat, T. B. et al., 64503 (7-56b)<br />
Daly, D. C. et al., 4348 (8-4); 4387 (6-44.1); 4390 (2-<br />
27b); 4408 (6-9); 4461 (2-69a); 5210 (2-4.2); 5426<br />
(2-69a); 5447 (2-22); 5565 (7-55); 5568 (4-1); 5635<br />
(6-34); 5670 (2-46b)<br />
Davidse, G. et al., 30899, 30941 (1-1); 31993 (7-56b);<br />
32033, 32393 (7-36a); 32745, 32934, 33165 (1-1)<br />
Descoings, B. et al., 20068 (6-7)<br />
Diaz S., C. et al., 2483 (6-3a)<br />
Dodson, C. et al., 14621 (6-la)<br />
Dubs, B., 44 (6-27); 237 (2-28); 351 (6-20); 358, 398<br />
(2-18); 458 (2-28)<br />
Faber-Langendoen, D. et al., 287 (2-124); 352 (2-96);<br />
439 (7-56a); 572 (2-148); 660 (2-144.1); 663 (3-17);<br />
689 (2-46); 693 (3-15); 867 (2-148); 883 (2-124); 979<br />
(2-148); 1084 (2-51)<br />
Farney, C. et al., 1218 (6-46); 1451 (6-13.2)<br />
Fernandez, A., 2942 (7-25); 3311 (2-68); 3339 (7-28)<br />
Fernmndez Casas et al., 4065 (2-41)<br />
Feuillet, C., 1089 (2-77); 1374 (2-135); 1388 (3-1);<br />
1419 (2-124); 1445 (2-69a); 2262 (7-56b); 2303 (2-<br />
124); 3579 (7-25); 3809 (7-2); 3866 (7-52); 4034 (7-<br />
25); 4297 (7-2)<br />
Filho, A. C. et al., 4672 (3-8)<br />
Fleury, M., 327 (2-124)<br />
Foresta, H. de, 228 (2-149); 618 (7-52); 733 (2-69a);<br />
750 (2-134)<br />
Forget, 279 (7-25); 323, 324, 327 (2-77); 377 (7-74)<br />
Fournet, A., 211 (7-52)<br />
Foster, R. B. et al., 11562 (7-21)<br />
Garcia, R. et al., 335 (1-1)<br />
Garcia-Barriga H., 20911 (7-8)<br />
Garwood, N. et al., 231 (7-36a)<br />
Gentry, A. etal., 25069 (6-35); 53381 (2-32.1); 53676<br />
(3-15); 53738 (2-5.1); 53780 (2-148); 54188 (2-64);<br />
54361 (2-5); 54458 (6-22); 54965 (2-43b); 56813 (2-<br />
144.1); 56842 (7-35); 56884 (2-148); 56892 (2-40);<br />
56919 (2-46); 56947 (7-35); 56973 (2-124); 57015<br />
(7-10); 57018 (2-46); 57062 (2-148); 57063 (2-124);<br />
57516 (7-56a); 57675 (7-75); 57677 (7-56a); 57951<br />
(7-75)<br />
G6mez, L. D. et al., 23350 (7-22)<br />
G6mez, S., 178 (7-22)<br />
Granville, J. J. de et al., 604 (7-73); B.3787 (2-67);<br />
5484 (2-56a); 5719, 5722 (2-77); 6121 (4-3); 6183<br />
(2-77); 6423 (2-67); 6641 (2-27a); 7366 (7-73); 7407<br />
(7-2); 7467 (2-88); 7651 (7-52); 7786, 8004 (7-74);<br />
8019 (2-88); 8035 (7-52); 8087 (2-77); 8144 (2-88);<br />
8201 (2-77); 8678 (7-74); 8820 (7-2); 9072 (6-7);<br />
9184 (7-52); 9254 (7-56b); 9638 (6-lb); 10243 (7-<br />
25)<br />
Grayum, M. H. et al., 5731 (7-36a); 6252 (7-56b)<br />
Guanchez, F. et al., 4575 (2-83); 4606 (2-43a); 4796<br />
(2-69a); 4799 (6-3b)<br />
Haase, R., 634 (2-69b)<br />
Hammel, B. et al., 7972 (7-61); 11048 (2-88); 14427<br />
(2-13.1); 14490 (5-1); 14586 (7-36c)<br />
Hartshorn, G. et al., 2919 (7-50a)<br />
Henderson, A. et al., 461 (2-115)<br />
Heringer, E. P., 17167 (3-16)<br />
Hernmndez, L. et al., 128 (2-107); 175 (2-68); 479 (2-<br />
107); 550 (7-20)<br />
Hoff, M., 5002 (1-1)<br />
Hoist, B. et al., 2640 (7-74); 3046 (7-68); 3052 (7-56b);<br />
3199 (2-83); 3260 (7-25); 3436 (2-69a)<br />
Huber, O. et al., 11774 (7-26); 11778 (2-57); 11798<br />
(3-10); 11973 (6-7); 12062 (2-69b)<br />
Ibarra M., G. et al., 2284 (7-36c)<br />
Jacquemin, H., 2016 (7-50b)<br />
Jansen-Jacobs, M. J. et al., 75 (7-56b); 136 (6-43); 210<br />
(2-134); 231 (7-56a); 238 (2-135); 347 (7-36a); 495<br />
(2-27b); 496 (6-15)<br />
Jaramillo, J., 7457 (2-4.2); 9036 (2-27a); 9066 (7-22)
Second Supplemental List of Exsiccatae 125<br />
Keel, S. et al., 264 (6-3b)<br />
587 (6-7); 589 (2-35); 624 (2-69a); 671, 731, 735,<br />
Kral, R., 72077 (7-49)<br />
766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 804 (2-77); 830 (1-1); 841<br />
Kubitzki, K. et al., 79-105 (2-88); 79-43 (7-20); 84- (3-3); 872 (6-la); 890 (2-77); 1090 (2-109)<br />
293 (6-3b)<br />
Rivas, R. M., 122 (1-1)<br />
Kvist, L. P. et al., 187A (7-51)<br />
Rivero, R., 883 (7-36a)<br />
Lane, C. & R. Gieschen, 50 (1-1)<br />
Rodrigues, W. A., IG1-8A-589 (2-57); IG1-10-464 (6-<br />
Le6n, H. et al., 1347 (7-35); 1561 (7-10)<br />
15); IL8-22 (2-119.1)<br />
Liesner, R. et al., 21204 (2-83); 21216 (7-21); 21384 Roosmalen, M. van, 12 (7-73)<br />
(7-68); 21511 (7-21); 21836 (2-83); 21839 (7-25); Rosa, N. A. et al., 4287 (7-24); 4392 (3-4)<br />
21873 (2-105)<br />
Rosales, J. et al., 15, 17 (6-3b); 19 (2-27a); 33 (7-25);<br />
Lima, H. C. de, 2689 (6-41); 3155 (4-5)<br />
52 (7-56b); 84, 109 (6-3b)<br />
Lindeman, J. C. et al., 784 (2-108)<br />
Rosario, C. S., 96 (7-24); 101 (7-56a); 137 (7-18)<br />
Maguire, B. et al., 37515 (2-119); 56834 (6-27) Rutkis, E. & K. Udris, 634 (3-7)<br />
Maciel, U. N. et al., 720 (7-36a); 810 (7-75); 823 (7- Sabatier, D., 88 (2-27.1); 165 (2-86); 484 (2-77); 509,<br />
20); 829 (7-18)<br />
572 (7-15); 644, 676 (7-15); 725 (2-77); 830 (7-74);<br />
Martinelli, G. et al., 11935 (6-46)<br />
849 (2-134); 866 (2-95); 893 (2-86); 925 (2-77); 939<br />
McPherson, G., 7449 (2-31.1); 10024 (2-18.2); 10222 (7-16); 1003(2-63); 1022(2-124); 1028 (2-27.1); 1066<br />
(2-88); 10272 (7-56b); 10278 (2-88); 10588 (6-13.1); (2-97); 1072 (7-73); 1104 (2-99)<br />
10610 (2-5.3); 10647 (2-31.1); 10804 (2-88) Santos, J. L. dos et al., 681 (2-119.1); 717 (2-131); 732<br />
Miralha, J. M. S. et al., BO-1-81, BO-1-114, BO-2- (4-1); 758 (2-119.1)<br />
190 (2-43a)<br />
Sastre, C. et al., 8016 (7-25); 8129 (7-56b)<br />
MonsalveB.,M., 1128 (2-5.1); 1278 (2-40); 1297, 1308 Sauvein, M., 218 (2-8); 401 (2-77); 589 (7-56a)<br />
(2-124); 1503 (2-148)<br />
Serv. Forestier (Fr. Guiana), 85M (2-124)<br />
Moraes, M., 513 (7-66); 524 (7-73)<br />
Sherman, C., 151 (7-22)<br />
Moretti, C., 872 (6-7); 925 (2-86); 985 (2-69a) Silva, M. G. et al., 3122 (3-4); 4684 (2-64); 5827 (2-<br />
Mori, S. A. et al., 15152 (2-64); 18484 (7-74); 18534 88); 6216 (7-56a); 6301 (2-30)<br />
(7-50b); 18522 (6-34)<br />
Silva, N. T. et al., 4594 (2-128)<br />
Nee, M., 31393 (7-56a)<br />
Skog, L. et al., 7476 (7-18)<br />
Neill, D. et al., 7269 (7-53); 7217 (2-45); 7462 (7-50b); Smith, Damon, 193 (7-61)<br />
7471 (7-56a); 7667 (2-5)<br />
Smith, S. F. et al., 1074 (7-66)<br />
Nelson, B. W. et al., 301 (7-9, 7-56a); 445, 454, 467 Sobel, G. L. et al., 4568 (2-69a); 4569 (2-39); 4643 (2-<br />
(6-3b)<br />
141); 4671A (2-69a); 4673A (2-124); 4704 (2-52);<br />
Nevers, G. de et al., 7519 (2-31.2); 7589 (2-88) 4759 (2-39); 4764 (6-36); 4818 (2-39); 4836 (2-27a);<br />
Nunez, P. et al., 5370 (7-36a); 5828 (7-66); 6181 (7- 4860 (3-4)<br />
75)<br />
Solabarrieta, S., 155 (7-22)<br />
Oldeman, R. A. A., 1535 (2-134); 1825 (2-63); 2433 Stein, B. A. et al., 3936 (6-44); 3945A (7-5)<br />
(2-69a); B.2819 (2-27a); B.2278 (2-86); B3119 (2- Stergios, B. et al., 5073 (2-69a); 7319 (7-40); 7419 (2-<br />
87); B3127 (2-27.1); B3559, T655 (6-lb)<br />
102); 7472 (2-69b); 7473 (3-6); 7549 (2-140); 7550<br />
Padilla, F., 191 (7-22)<br />
(7-56a); 7580 (2-24); 7609 (6-36); 8066 (2-24); 8084<br />
Palacios, W. et al., 1122 (2-64); 1159 (7-53); 1269 (6- (7-40); 8157 (2-27a); 8175 (2-69b); 9863 (2-68)<br />
36); 1484 (7-50b)<br />
Stevens, W. D., 24575 (2-88); 24627 (7-36c); 24628<br />
Pennington, T. D. et al., 12230 (6-36)<br />
(2-95)<br />
Pimentel, J. & R. Garcia, 97-A (1-1)<br />
Steyermark, J. A. et al., 125689 (2-77); 125863 (2-27a);<br />
Pipoly, J. J. et al., 8024 (2-77); 8146 (7-56a); 8179 (2- 126228 (2-77)<br />
69b); 8181, 8241 (2-108); 8337 (2-86); 8428 (6-42a); Taylor, C. M., 7633 (1-1)<br />
8429 (6-15); 8432 (2-135); 8438 (6-42a); 8444 (2- Thomas, W. W. et al., 4926 (2-43b); 4951 (7-56a); 4969<br />
73); 8445 (2-135); 8462 (6-42a); 8583 (2-90); 8589 (7-53); 5005 (2-43b); 5050 (6-15); 5070 (7-50b); 5163<br />
(3-12); 8597 (2-99); 8815 (2-69.1); 8704 (2-90); 8849 (2-17); 5192 (2-99); 5194 (7-56a); 5275, 5258 (2-<br />
(2-68); 8850 (2-69a); 8853 (2-109); 8929 (2-69a); 99); 5340 (7-9); 5343 (2-69a); 5414 (7-56b); 5439<br />
8930 (2-68); 8934 (2-112); 8940 (2-124); 8942 (2- (7-42); 5442 (2-99); 5456 (7-56a); 5458 (2-88); 5612<br />
109); 8945 (2-124); 8955 (2-108); 8959 (6-15); 8962 (6-27)<br />
(2-108); 9140 (2-135); 9159 (6-15); 9334, 9394 (7- Thorne, R. F. et al., 48111 (1-1); 48566 (2-1)<br />
25); 9432 (3-1); 9536 (2-93); 9562,9581 (2-78); 9596 Torres, G. A., 117(1-1)<br />
(6-15); 10741 (2-69a); 10842 (7-21)<br />
Torres C., R. et al., 86 (7-56b)<br />
Prevost, M. F., 1201 (2-114); 1301 (2-134); 1574 (2- Valdespino, I. A. et al., 254, 377 (2-88a)<br />
69a); 1698 (3-1); 1806 (7-2)<br />
Vasquez, R. et al., 2411 (7-53); 2412 (2-10); 2729 (2-<br />
Proctor, G. R., 41577 (7-83)<br />
5); 2788 (6-41a); 2808 (6-7); 2821 (6-35); 2898 (2-<br />
Pruski, J. et al., 3205 (7-1); 3352 (2-63); 3381 (2-18); 26); 2949 (2-52); 3168 (7-40); 3213, 6050 (7-36a);<br />
3354 (7-56a)<br />
6648, 6694 (2-8); 6769 (2-124); 6780 (6-6.1); 6832,<br />
Puig, H., 10256 (2-35)<br />
6856 (7-5); 7150 (2-144.1); 7192 (2-62); 7446 (2-<br />
Queiroz, L. P. de, 1825 (7-56b); 1827 (7-20)<br />
69a); 7457 (2-39); 7517 (2-69a); 7610 (2-140); 7615<br />
Ramirez, J. O. et al., 28 (2-114)<br />
(2-88); 7622 (7-41); 7628 (7-40); 7660 (2-140); 7679<br />
Riera, 49 (2-77); 450 (6-15); 514 (6-la); 586 (7-50b); (7-5); 7868 (7-56); 7909 (2-27a); 7916 (7-40); 7926
126 Flora Neotropica<br />
(2-69b); 7963, 8031 (2-69a); 8098 (6-36); 8112 (6-<br />
41.1); 8177 (2-5); 8188, 8203 (2-43b)<br />
Ventura, E. & E. Lopez, 781, 811, 838 (7-56b)<br />
Ventura A., F., 20795, 21298, 21541 (7-56b)<br />
Vera, S. E. N., 215 (2-68)<br />
Viellescazes, A., 447,471, 502 (2-77); 513 (7-50b); 534<br />
(7-56b)<br />
Villiers, J. J., 2246 (2-114); 2729 (7-15); 3719, 3780,<br />
3781, 3786, 3787, 3788, 3797, 3830, 3843, 3859 (2-<br />
77); 3884 (7-16); 3947, 6064 (2-77); 6603 (7-16)<br />
Wendt, T. et al., 3373 (2-32)<br />
Werff, H. van der et al., 540 (2-13.1)<br />
Woodbury, R. O. et al., 1-71 (1-1)<br />
Zanoni, T. et al., 11795 (1-1); 29406 (6-36a); 32064,<br />
32446 (1-1); 32568 (7-36a)<br />
Zarucchi, J. L. et al., 3593 (2-69b); 4889 (2-88)<br />
Zaruma, J., 558 (7-53); 753 (6-36); 809 (7-50b)<br />
Zona, S., 136 (2-1)
90 80 70 60 50<br />
0.b o o s<br />
50m --------
128 Flora Neotropica<br />
_? ^^*60 . ._____ __60_<br />
V-' cs' C. cuspidatus C. venezuelanus<br />
IS<br />
FIG. 2.DtitooCrsa<br />
?C4<br />
""lau u C e0<br />
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _0 0<br />
0 HABITAT 0 HABITAT<br />
Slope forest _ ______Terra firme forest _ |<br />
JFIM1 AI - stibuJti AO fN o C a ui JF MAIMnd C j nAISIOn D<br />
FRUIT I I I III I IIIIFRU IT r<br />
FLOWER_I I I I 1 I I I - I/ IFLOW W ER I<br />
_60<br />
1 60<br />
FIG. 21. Distribution of Chrysobalanus cuspidatus and C. venezuelanus.
Distribution Maps<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
0<br />
/^\ ^ L. affinis<br />
0<br />
1 o<br />
FRUIT I<br />
80 70 60<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
I\ ~L. alba<br />
0<br />
'"<br />
HABI.itAT.o~ -y -^<br />
Terra irme forest<br />
FRUITM*ii I /.. I<br />
. . ..<br />
80 70 60 b<br />
FIG. 22. Distribution of Licania affinis and L. alba.<br />
0<br />
10<br />
129
130 Flora Neotropica<br />
10<br />
60 50 60 50<br />
0o L. albi<strong>flora</strong> 0 1 L. amapaensis<br />
0<br />
00 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0<br />
1S-<br />
0<br />
--------------- ~------<br />
RUIT aifra L.<br />
70 60 50<br />
FIG. 23 Dstbution of Licania albilora, L. amapaensis, L. angustata, and L. anneae<br />
HABITAT<br />
Fi--<br />
~<br />
.\ HABITAT . ...<br />
.<br />
Terra firme forest - Seasonally floode orest<br />
J FIM A MIIJIJIAIS INDJ<br />
'1J 1~~FRUIT~ ~ ~ l ~~ ~FRUIT ~<br />
CFLOWER:::^: JY~ 10<br />
IFIMIAMIJ IJ IAIS OINID<br />
I I I I I I I I /<br />
FLOWERi i I II i il<br />
Iig L_<br />
i<br />
70 60 60 __ 50<br />
FIG. 23. Distribution of Licania albi<strong>flora</strong>, L. amapaensis, L. angustata, and L. anneae.
Distribution Maps<br />
Ic<br />
ol<br />
70 60 50 40<br />
L ^<br />
o-<br />
CC^""'^<br />
L. apetala var aperta<br />
Savanna margins<br />
Seasonally flooded<br />
_____<br />
forest \'<br />
+ v qf \<br />
v^- |/<br />
/'1 5 \\\/)<br />
/ \ /} ( ; /- \^<br />
\ /^<br />
10<br />
JF \FM /A/ J/J A<br />
FRUIT d<br />
FLOWER I ************ X |<br />
IO II I<br />
s\< | /<br />
I<br />
\ N^<br />
:<br />
v<br />
\<br />
Savanna 0<br />
10 TT^<br />
70 60 50 40<br />
~--L.<br />
i<br />
apetala var. apetala<br />
( 'u0<br />
FFABITAT<br />
Beaches<br />
24. Distribution of.Licania.apet<br />
Gallery forest"<br />
Savanna margins<br />
}\<br />
Seasonally flooded forest<br />
"JFMIAIM<br />
J JJ IAIS O0 N Q<br />
FLOWER;:<br />
70<br />
-<br />
60<br />
.... . ..<br />
50 40<br />
FIG. 24. Distribution of Licania apetala.<br />
131
132 Flora Neotropica<br />
I'<br />
60O 50 __<br />
' L. apiculata<br />
.----- 1 0<br />
60<br />
L. aracaensis<br />
lC?--- ,<br />
10<br />
_ _ _ _ _ _ I o . _<br />
_<br />
i<br />
ABITAT I BITAT I<br />
Beaches ( , Montane & Cloud forest (.<br />
FRUIT<br />
7JF_MAjJ J A S CN1Q _ (<br />
I FRUII I I<br />
J FIMAIMIJIJIAS IOI NIDI<br />
I I ) 1<br />
FIG. 2 D , a .. . ar<br />
"I iI<br />
50w )50<br />
Terra firme forest __<br />
L ~ JIFIMIAiM.JoJIA<br />
" _ S_ND. \<br />
0FRUIT T<br />
' ^\<br />
1111~1 1 1 1 1 1<br />
FLOWERR<br />
/\ \^<br />
&<br />
S (<br />
.../ 2. JF.MAIMJTJ IJAIS.N<br />
/ I LIFRUIT :l<br />
11 i<br />
10 1 1I "<br />
L I I/ ____ 1<br />
1<br />
70 60 50<br />
FIG. 25. Distribution of Licania apiculata, L. aracaensis, L. arachnoidea, and L. araneosa.<br />
50
Distribution Maps<br />
100 90 80<br />
-.^r^^'f "VL. *arborea<br />
0 /<br />
0 0aOo:<br />
Dry forest, semideciduous FIG. 26. Distribution \ of Licania arborea.<br />
IJIFIMINJIJIAIS<br />
?~~~~~~~~R)rj~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
? ?<br />
SIOND A<br />
100 90 80 70<br />
o<br />
h<br />
133
134 Flora Neotropica<br />
50 40 50 40<br />
arianeae L. bahiensis<br />
./-~. ..-<br />
0r<br />
J<br />
-------- - --<br />
-^-.."'"^^' ' l<br />
IF_IMIAIMJIJIAISIOINIDI<br />
T r forest<br />
Terra firme<br />
FRUIT | | | | i<br />
|<br />
I I I<br />
i i i | 'O HABITAT \ :|/<br />
IVJ IJJASS<br />
F<br />
IND I<br />
2 .FLOWER I I I I II! I<br />
I 2: 1<br />
E<br />
1Te firm<br />
2C FLOWER *<br />
? ...MIA~JIJAI SIOINlol ,.f......I\.SIN<br />
I I I JFABWJJAT<br />
forest___...... ~~';Terra - firme forest -<br />
~"~"~ZIIg'0<br />
n ^<br />
--H--444--^---J>:FW I 11 1<br />
\ V - I0 _- // I FRUIT I<br />
: I<br />
40 50<br />
FIG. 27. Distribution of Licania Licania arianeae, L. bahiensis, L. belemii, and L. bellingtonii.<br />
.
Distribution Maps<br />
V<br />
o o 70 ITX<br />
Gallery forest<br />
70 60 50<br />
?_60 ' /<br />
5 h_L. blackii<br />
Seasonally flooded forest \ )<br />
'"<br />
JFMAMJJ M I J......?/.. ASOND .. JK s -? /<br />
FRUIT 0--^ | g l | | | | | 0 1@1@1 1 ) /\ s X -. |. . .<br />
FLOWER :::ggi^ ,.<br />
m.,<br />
ylUUl | , J<br />
r<br />
- 70 ___60<br />
/ \<br />
i<br />
50<br />
(<br />
J<br />
><br />
.<br />
(<br />
70 60 60 50<br />
",^L. boliviensiso<br />
L. boyanii<br />
Terra firme forest White sand forest or campina > (<br />
FRUIT .AT 2 D it i a FR IT,. b nJ L. b n<br />
FLOWER MN I II :II 1 g _<br />
>s FLOWER I _ :................. *<br />
770<br />
r~~~~~~~~~~~~~c~',-<br />
FIG. 28 sr D i o f bto Li c a b i cii L.blvess , n.byni<br />
~<br />
bU -50<br />
FIG. 28. Distribution of Licania blackii, L. boliviensis, and L. boyanii.<br />
135
136 Flora Neotropica<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
T<br />
IIw '<br />
?"<br />
- --<br />
^<br />
L. bracteata<br />
"JIF AIMIJIJIAISIOIN<br />
_ - D Y 0\ ( S ?<br />
FRUIT I I /I I I , I ,\<br />
FLOWER,<br />
*<br />
*- 1T1z1 I _ y<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
L. britteniana<br />
Terra firme forest \ / ///<br />
Seasonally flooded forest \<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
cli S^X -' _. -L. buxifolia 0<br />
White sand forest or campina _ -' / /- .'- \<br />
FLOWER<br />
- I _<br />
" __ \;\( > ---n<br />
_- 8U - 70 i60 U 0<br />
FIG. 29. Distribution of Licania bracteata, L. britteniana, and L. buxifolia.<br />
|
Distribution Maps<br />
H<br />
L. cabrerae L. caldasiana<br />
o0 o<br />
0<br />
Montane & Cloud forest T o te (<br />
JF MAM,J A S C5ND<br />
J<br />
FRUIT | _ | X X IR T \<br />
0<br />
''''^^ 71<br />
. __<br />
70 80 70<br />
F L OWE-R I I I FLOWER~~~<br />
8070807<br />
80<br />
__0<br />
70__<br />
80 70<br />
FIG. 30. Distribution of Licania cabrerae, L. caldasiana (exact locality in Colombia unknown), L. calvescens,<br />
and L. cecidiophora.<br />
137
138 Flora Neotropica<br />
Sersonally<br />
70 60 50<br />
L..-. aL. canescens<br />
f looded forest X /<br />
) 1 / x \ f<br />
\<br />
~\\ZZZL , S^Mi^AsonD/ I- /<br />
..................... ^.^ ,<br />
Licaiaan1e<br />
FI.3.Dstiuino<br />
FRUIT _*_* ____** .. l<br />
\ . /<br />
FLOWER ___W * __ '*<br />
/ \<br />
FIG. FI.3.Dsrbto 3 1. Distribution of fLcni Licania canescens aecn and n L. .cuaa0 caudata.<br />
'<br />
p '
Distribution Maps<br />
60<br />
____80 70<br />
^10 ^L. coriacea 0<br />
;yL.<br />
_ 60 0<br />
_ 800<br />
o _ __ - _ __ _ __ _ 6 _<br />
_0__<br />
oTerra 3 rine forest ain A<br />
c i<br />
costaricensis<br />
6L0ueioi0<br />
L<br />
FIG I. IIoI o e I . I I I I a L a i<br />
FIG. 32. Distribution of Licania co uepiifolia, and L.<br />
crassivenia.<br />
6<br />
139
140 Flora Neotropica<br />
80 70 80 70<br />
L. chiriquiensis L. chocoensis<br />
6^<br />
0^',<br />
v<br />
) "<br />
0<br />
HABITAT<br />
Montane & Cloud forest __ Terra firme forest'-<br />
U /. "1"1<br />
I I I I I I FRUIT F I U I-<br />
60II 6070<br />
0 i- L. compacta I o<br />
. -.10..<br />
0 0 6 :<br />
FIG. 33 Distbution of Liania hiriquiensis, L. hooensis, L. ompata, and L. ordata.<br />
F~~IG~~',. 3.D b f a u L. chocesavannas,Loata.<br />
FIG. 33. Distribution of Licania chiriquiensis, L. chocoensis, L.<br />
compacta,<br />
L. and cordata.<br />
o
Distribution Maps 141<br />
_70 60 70 60<br />
L. cruegeriana L. cuatrecasasii<br />
Terra trine forest M & Clu fores<br />
|FLOWEFI| I II I 101E _ 1 1<br />
I A<br />
60 5 70 6<br />
00<br />
I<br />
?<br />
o o~~~~~~<br />
o o~~~~~~~<br />
B I ^<br />
7"I<br />
^ "<br />
^0<br />
FI.3. itibto f iaiacugein,L.careaaii .cpra ndL usiaa<br />
FIG. 34. Distribution of Licania cuatrecasas,i, cruegeriana, L.<br />
L. cuprea, and L. cuspidata.<br />
6 0<br />
_^g_
142 Flora Neotropica<br />
L. cyathodes L. cymosa<br />
HABITAT<br />
/~J/ ~~I~-~ 'THABITAT "<br />
f<br />
Seasonally flooded forest Terra firme forest<br />
IJIFIMIAIMIJIJIAISIOINIDI<br />
) I | IJIFIMAIMIJIJIAISOINI DI<br />
FRUIT I I I i1 I 1 I- 1- / - IFRUIT II I I II<br />
[FLOWERI 1 Il I I I I I I<br />
L. davillifolia L. dealbata<br />
Terra firme forest HABIT<br />
Seasonally flooded forest Cerrado<br />
FI I3 I AIMIJJ I AISIO N D i<br />
FRUIT I A<br />
thJoFdL.ALMsJaJ IAaSIOA NID L<br />
J-<br />
1 I /<br />
FLIWERFLOWER :: :g lI<br />
i FRUIT<br />
!_1FLOWER :<br />
I<br />
g<br />
I<br />
I I<br />
FIG. 35. Distribution of Licania cyathodes, L. cymosa, L. davillifolia, and L. dealbata.
Distribution Maps 143<br />
_60 _60 50<br />
Terra firme forest __ ( \<br />
JIFIMIATJIJIAIS IONID / /)<br />
I E *<br />
\0<br />
I<br />
on ntTerra M fnrme forestudforest<br />
IJIFIMIAI^^J IIAISIOINDI /-^1<br />
FRUIT I I I I I<br />
I1 1<br />
10 FLOWER I1Ig g11 1 , 1 X,^ i . FLOWER _<br />
60 60 '*60 50<br />
FIG.^^ L. divarica ra . ds durifolia<br />
1 I1ABIT AT<br />
F 60 50 80 70or Ld_ c L d l<br />
Savanna_______________ It ) / I ABITAT<br />
Terra firme forest- rrMontane e Cloudf & forest _<br />
JIFIMIA - 0JJ JASND-- JAFIM - NJIMAAs, -\<br />
, AM , J<br />
D /<br />
FRUIT<br />
/y /<br />
-<br />
j<br />
IFRUIT<br />
----I I<br />
--I-I/I<br />
FLOWERE *gg g l WWI ....... I FLOWER gI I mm I gI<br />
60 50 80 70<br />
Lica0ia FIG. 36. Distribution of densi<strong>flora</strong>,L. discolor, L. divaricata, and L. durifolia.
144 Flora Neotropica<br />
's"<br />
-<br />
80 70 60_50<br />
--0<br />
f o;<br />
i .<br />
'<br />
'<br />
L egleri<br />
HLABITAT \ (''"*/ ^ ......<br />
i^r-^Q......... . . . .<br />
Secondary forest t , : ,<br />
g ? , -) - )<br />
U Terra firme forest _ < - - / .<br />
,_ W / .\- - 1<br />
Seasonally flooded forest / ^ > I \ I t /<br />
JFMAM _ /A _ J J AS * N D 1D<br />
v \ . f|<br />
_<br />
-<br />
FRU I I I<br />
o<br />
^<br />
Ter im oet __^ j ^- U \ \ \<br />
- - JFAM -- jA'O - D *'I / /\ N i^K/ ,f) ^ V-<br />
FR T<br />
o . A<br />
-g<br />
^<br />
/--< \\ '\ I L^?/<br />
I I I g |^, ( I \ ,) )_<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
FIG. 37. Distribution of Licania egleri and L. elliptica.
Distribution Maps<br />
/^P^;<br />
0<br />
7______0<br />
?<br />
60 70<br />
Terra|irmeforetTera firme forest<br />
10^^^-__ 1<br />
L. fasciculata fir L. lomenoi<br />
_LEFIMAIJ I I J lNIDI 0<br />
80 7IF0MI<br />
HABITAT MAM^i^SQNDHABITAT<br />
8070IJ<br />
HABIT AT 11\<br />
r H~ I \<br />
I.ABIT<br />
JATf<br />
-<br />
rT^A J )\\ (<br />
|<br />
FIG.38. Distribution of Liania L.. emargnata, fanshaW ::i ::L.fa :ilata,andL. ..........<br />
70 60 60 --0<br />
80 70 80 70<br />
L. fasciculata L. filomenoi.<br />
UV'^ / ~ ":;t'RUI ~ ~ ~ ~ ~X<br />
'<br />
FRUIT | \ |Terra | | firme | forest /<br />
.1<br />
~~~T<br />
Terra firme forest-<br />
HABIT AT =2JIF5yAJAZ1A<br />
Terra firme forestFRUIT<br />
I<br />
FLlOW iER<br />
SIOINID<br />
FLOWER I - \ ' "<br />
7 ^ 0<br />
8 0<br />
____7 0 80 70<br />
FIG. 38. Distribution of Licania emarginata, L. fanshawei, L. fasciculata, and L. filomenoi.<br />
5<br />
145<br />
p
146 Flora Neotropica<br />
70 60 70 60<br />
10 o 2<br />
L. foldatsii L. foveolata<br />
'-^-^-^, ,~ .....-'-^-f i,'^' (e^^^--^J--------- -<br />
Savanna ____ _ .. HABITAT .<br />
Savanna margins _/ I Slope forest<br />
JIFIMAIMIJIJIAISONIDI J IFIMAIMJIJIASONrISI N<br />
FRUIT |Ai le | | [ 1 I<br />
\ / FRUIT<br />
.<br />
.<br />
10 0o<br />
70 -0 70 60<br />
60 50 80 7<br />
o o L. fritschii L. fuchsii<br />
? !U8_______7<br />
0IG 3 Dtuof fot,fvaLftiaLf<br />
HABIT<br />
Seasonally flooded forest Terra firme forest<br />
FRUIT I9 ID I I I<br />
FLOW ER 101 I I I I1<br />
oI I<br />
I<br />
I f dI<br />
i i!1I<br />
f a I .fr<br />
W LO ER<br />
I I<br />
I I I<br />
80 70<br />
FIG. 39. Distribution of Licania foldatsii, L. foveolata, L. fritschii, and L. fuchsii.
Distribution Maps<br />
7!F-<br />
70 60 50 0 07<br />
~.0.<br />
1 0<br />
Seasonally flooded forest ( ' I , y Terra firme forest / / /<br />
Seasonally flooded forest<br />
FRUIT<br />
FLO W ERI Jll<br />
II<br />
.I..!.i. !<br />
6 0 50 5 80 70<br />
IlFRIT f |I | | | | ||II T _ ___<br />
FIG. 40. Distbuton of Lcanfurfuracea L. gentryiand L. gardneri.<br />
147
148 Flora Neotropica<br />
10<br />
I<br />
. 70 ...7<br />
Q<br />
eL.<br />
4<br />
glabri<strong>flora</strong><br />
FRUIT *<br />
^UIT<br />
-
Distribution Maps<br />
11Q___ i_m ______ ^ B M60<br />
L. gonzalezii .. L. gracilipes<br />
FRUIT _ _RUIT T__i__ / I<br />
FLOWER _i ll I _ 1 1i| II |..OWER..... ! -<br />
110 1(0 _<br />
_60<br />
_<br />
0 ~<br />
80__________70 70 60<br />
L. grandibracteata d-- L. granvillei<br />
011<br />
FLOWERI<br />
I 14 I I! I 1 FOWER::<br />
JIFMI 1MJ JIISO II D h(--l----- f<br />
ol77ArS~ i<br />
FRUIT I I I1 I II I I I I~j I-IIRU IT I j~ I I IJr-' ~cr 0<br />
FLWE J II 1 I1 I1~ "~~..:: ??Lnl IIL0 E<br />
~ 0 1 7<br />
0I.4.Dsrbto fL ozlzi .gaiie,L rnivcet,adL rnili<br />
80 ' 70 670 7'<br />
_<br />
FIG. 42. Distribution ofL. gonzalezii, L. gracilipes, L. grandibracteata, and L. granvillei.<br />
149
150 Flora Neotropica<br />
0 .<br />
0<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
90 0<br />
'^<br />
% ,?<br />
, ? L. guianensis<br />
0 z /t X<br />
=60(09(0000 6<br />
L. guatemalensis, and L. harlingii<br />
Terra firmme forest / \<br />
HABITAT<br />
HABITAT<br />
Terra firme forest Terra firme forest<br />
I FRUIT I - _ T/ / / IFRUIT I l I el l I i le!l Io I (<br />
I FLOWER| l JIFiMAuIMI J aJAISOINDI n o Ies L a LA.MJA i an lng<br />
FRUIT I V<br />
FRUIT I I I I 1 I I /<br />
FLOWER ? 1 _ _ _ - ?/ 0<br />
IFLOWERJOIJ,I FOWEIIl?, J. Sl... '... -?" J} l mole O _ _^<br />
FIG. 43. Distribution of Licania guianensis, L. guatemalensis, and L. harlingii.
Distribution Maps 151<br />
700<br />
50<br />
0<br />
- ^ o?L. heteromorpha<br />
-v ? N ^ var.y heteromorpha<br />
.,-'Y .... 0'-^S?,< 4^^B^ ' . I ^<br />
.....<br />
l. '^.<br />
FRUIT,;,,** ******* ^J0. . \ \<br />
FLOWER .. .<br />
..<br />
FIG. 44. Distribution of Licania heteromorpha var. heteromorpha.<br />
FRUITA T - 1 1 1 O y I
152 Flora Neotropica<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
o;-N , =_ U^-"L. heteromorpha O<br />
:'^ '<br />
y //o I<br />
var. glabra<br />
60 50 0<br />
Seasona Il flooded forest . A Sao ly \\ forest ( \ \<br />
10 FIMIAIMJ JJALS OINID ^\<br />
---<br />
^ --aij^ 7 p'--<br />
1|FRUIT I I - 1 F I (0<br />
I I I IFLOWERIaS I \ I<br />
_60_ 8<br />
50<br />
HABITAT<br />
G var. perplexans var. subcordata 0<br />
Terraf foirm o e forest Sd<br />
60FRUTT *<br />
*"; . ..... 1RUT 4 k<br />
FLOWER u OW E....<br />
FIG. 45. Distribution of Licania heteromorpha vars. glabra, perplexans, and subcordata.<br />
AI
Distribution Maps<br />
70 60 650<br />
L. hebantha L. hirsuta<br />
I HA ITAT ^/y-Terra Iirme forest<br />
0 /<br />
Amazonian caatinga Seasonally flooded forest /i<br />
FLOWERI I e I I I I EI I<br />
E<br />
1 - I<br />
_ 70 60: 70 60<br />
FL. L. hispida , L. hitchcockii<br />
?1<br />
Montane & Cloud forest Slope forest<br />
0<br />
0 0 0<br />
FRUIT 1 IS I IFRUIT 1 *<br />
A<br />
760 7- g..70 60<br />
FIG. 46. Distribution of Licania hebantha, L. hirsuta, L. hispida, and L. hitchcockii.<br />
153
154 Flora Neotropica<br />
70 60 50 40<br />
^ ^ ^ ^FMAM ^<br />
< *i (\^ L. humilis<br />
Terra firme forest I ) t 1 '-<br />
'FLOWERI _ 1 _ 111 g _ _111,_ I ^a<br />
I __/ _<br />
2CiS~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
ITAT<br />
ASOND ****-***<br />
...../<br />
!!ss^^ j^/...<br />
70 60 50 40<br />
0<br />
i h<br />
FIG. 47. Distrbution ofLicania hoehnei and L. humilis.
90 80 70 60<br />
0<br />
00 0 .<br />
_jS^--- T^ t^l00 *<br />
HABITAT~~~~~~~~~<br />
var.. hypoleuca (^(/<br />
~JSavanna margins HABITAToveola var foveolatata<br />
1FRUIT IOI*IIOI@I@I@I*I'<br />
/{ ^ ^10<br />
FIG. 48. Distribution of Licania hypoleu.a.<br />
I<br />
HA BITGAT var. hypoleuca o h<br />
Savanna I<br />
Savanna margins FIABITAT, v ar. foveolai<br />
Terra firme forest ____ Terra firme forest<br />
____ V^l /<br />
JF JIFIMAMIJIJ AMJJA 1AIs AS NID \ F M<br />
***** FRUIT I(J A J A AS IONI<br />
FRUIT 101 10 FRUIT IJIFI--I ..,\I.IAIsMNIDI<br />
A0<br />
IFLOWERgS0 FLIII -1010<br />
ggg*0<br />
Z~LLI Jg* _FLOWER:^: \ FOWER<br />
^gI 0<br />
""J':^-~\<br />
9080 50 ~~~80 70 60<br />
/<br />
"<br />
FIG. 48. Distribution of Licania hypoleuca.
156 Flora Neotropica<br />
60 50<br />
0 0 L. impressa 0 0 L. incana<br />
Iv ,'<br />
0 40<br />
FRUIT I I~ I I I I I^ it I0 I In R<br />
p e<br />
FLOWER IG. 1D :: i I I Ln.... FLOWERi<br />
and<br />
50 40 __ 60<br />
4 D L. indurata( a L. inpae<br />
.. A . ........ .<br />
l~ ~~oy~r ~ ~ r<br />
^<br />
y<br />
~-~. Gallery forest<br />
Montane & Cloud forest<br />
:<br />
JIFIMIAIMIJ<br />
I<br />
- - - IJIAIS - IOR NID<br />
RI T i H-11- FRUIT<br />
FL OWER -<br />
Distribution Maps<br />
i L. intrapetiolaris o ^<br />
\ J<br />
^.\<br />
A y r / r<br />
1uTerra firme forest ____ (<br />
J FMALMJJASOIN D<br />
FRUIT * *<br />
FLOWER R _i8"""_ _"_ I<br />
'<br />
T \<br />
( \<br />
\ ;^<br />
I I I _<br />
0 Soefrest<br />
JF_IA<br />
1 FRUIT _*<br />
I LFLOWER __I _<br />
______<br />
IAJjAISiO5ND<br />
fI<br />
\<br />
A)<br />
1__<br />
70 70 1J1<br />
60<br />
FIG. 5 Dsi t iaL n . f je i fe n ns it is p<br />
L . jim and e ne z ii<br />
FiABIT AT<br />
0~~~~~~~<br />
Montane& Clou forest Terra fire forest<br />
JIFIMIAI14JIJIAIS lo(IN<br />
FRUIT<br />
FLOWER<br />
I i I I FIJEI<br />
FRUIT IrJIRU n I J<br />
14<br />
J IIJAIS IOIN D<br />
I I I<br />
OWER<br />
?T II I~l I 1.E I I I I<br />
bu 1_ 0 bu<br />
FI.5.Ditiuin fLcna nrptilrs rii,L. jefensisanL.jm .<br />
0 b<br />
FI.5.Dsrbto f iai nrptoais .iwni .jfnss n .jmnzi<br />
ez.<br />
157
158 Flora Neotropica<br />
0<br />
"<br />
7-O-?<br />
L. joseramAosii r I L. kallunkia<br />
_ I<br />
60 _ _<br />
.<br />
^ 70<br />
FIA I Ftbi o iABliTATe L kru<br />
0 D<br />
FIG. 51. 51 Distribution of Licania joseramosii, L. kallunkiae, kallunkiae L. L. kiug klugii, and L L. krukovii.<br />
10<br />
700<br />
10
Distribution Maps 159<br />
,M..,J<br />
C|:<br />
FLAITA<br />
70 60 50 40<br />
--- -----__ L.<br />
J7<br />
kunthiana<br />
........<br />
FL 1 O00111<br />
7060504<br />
Seasonally flooded forest O<br />
0<br />
0<br />
F. . sbo fc a na 0<br />
i \ ~~ L1 I Y?\<br />
`?-~<br />
.i.<br />
... ..<br />
A'ON<br />
??,I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
/ f<br />
o?/<br />
........<br />
?- ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.....<br />
c.c? ~ ~ FG.5.Dsrbuino ianaknhaa<br />
70 60 50 40<br />
FIG. 52. Distribution of Licania kunthiana.
160 Flora Neotropica<br />
50 40_ 70<br />
0 L. lamentanda L. lanceolata<br />
805 70 0- 0 0<br />
Terrda trme forest . 4~~
Distribution Maps 161<br />
op-AI<br />
70 60 50<br />
L. latifolia<br />
Terra firme forest ....... . 7. .<br />
J_FIMIAMjJSO J\ N D J<br />
FRUIT I1<br />
FLOWER," _;g I 1 Wv 1 1 1W |F V<br />
60<br />
m<br />
A /<br />
5O<br />
II<br />
60 50 60 50<br />
0 o<br />
/3^^-<br />
--lo --10 ^^<br />
Slope forest HABITAT ,<br />
Gallery forest___________ /<br />
IJFIG. 54. FasAIMIJ,adL D stbuin o Lcni<br />
FRUIT ji ~i I I<br />
I<br />
I I<br />
I<br />
OI<br />
FLOWER I__. J. ___ J J<br />
' ,<br />
'-6-0..............<br />
50 '<br />
Terra firme forest.<br />
a . J<br />
FRUIT 111 III<br />
FLOWER _ J<br />
60<br />
J Ai SOINpDl<br />
I ! ! !!/!<br />
50<br />
FIG. 54. Distribution of Licania latifolia, L. lasseri, and L. latistipula.<br />
1 0
162 Flora Neotropica<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
.Tea firme forest :i . / i'<br />
/<br />
J<br />
F<br />
FRUIT M..........<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
FIG.L laoL. I leucosepala<br />
i<br />
FLO WER I I- L**'Jol<br />
I<br />
.,jyl<br />
Terra firme forest --- ~ :<br />
~.<br />
I<br />
..80 . ...70 60 50<br />
FIG. 55. Distribution of Licania laxifora and L. leucosepala.<br />
0<br />
I<br />
f
Distribution Maps<br />
70 60 5 0 40<br />
0aN1 1 FLOER10 HABrI t TAT {<br />
Gallery forest<br />
)\ 7<br />
70 60 50<br />
_____)40 _<br />
.0 r70 60 50<br />
Seasonally flooded forest i1 I \<br />
. 0<br />
Gallety forest<br />
FIG. 56. Distribution of Licania leptostachya and L. icanifor a<br />
Seasonally flooded forest / p/<br />
FRUIT<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
FIG. 56. Distribution of Licania leptostachya and L. licanii<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
163
164 Flora Neotropica<br />
50 40<br />
| L. littoralis L. longipedicellata<br />
4<br />
010. / .6.0 L<br />
I. 5<br />
HABIT AT : o<br />
Restinga<br />
'-,J<br />
HABITA<br />
Sesn---al flo de foSeasonally I<br />
flooded forest<br />
JIF1MAIM J JJ IA S OINID IJ IA ISIO N D<br />
FLOWER _ 1!l I I I<br />
50 40<br />
iJ<br />
WER -<br />
"Y \))6 ?^ ^ ^ r'~l L.Jongipetala<br />
FRUIT II! ! !el F I |<br />
Seasonally flooded forest<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
FIG. 57. Distribution of Licania littoralis, L. longipedicellata, and L. longipetala.<br />
70
Distribution Maps 165<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
L '.<br />
10~~,,,? ~0<br />
Gallery forest<br />
Seasonally flooded forest<br />
FRUI 1<br />
M I- I I I I I<br />
,k ^^- ~ L. longistyla<br />
/* ^<br />
a u 70 60 50<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
FIG.<br />
/... "'. O 58. o Distribution of<br />
Seasonally flooded forest<br />
"<br />
L.<br />
Licania longistyla and<br />
\\<br />
macrophylla<br />
uu.. 73 60 50<br />
FIG. 58. Distribution of Licania longistyla and L. macrophylla.<br />
0
166 Flora Neotropica<br />
60 70 560 50<br />
^ ?L. macrocarpa 0- L maguirei<br />
...................1<br />
1 o -~-<br />
Distribution Maps 167<br />
50 40 60 50<br />
o L. maranhensis -JL. marleneae<br />
0<br />
...<br />
..........It I I i' 7~7"t~-' ..<br />
0 0<br />
20 HABITAT<br />
Gallery forest<br />
TR\fJFI<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
TAFIMIAMIJ(<br />
JIA IS /<br />
|<br />
50 40 _ ~60 50<br />
60 5 110<br />
FIG. 6 D L. maxiamaar\ L.m- L aa mexicana.<br />
FIG. 6~~~~0<br />
HABIT AT<br />
Terra firme forest H10 ABITAT<br />
IIIJIFIM "IAS^OND J<br />
~Z ZZ l J MIAIMIJIJIA ISIO NID<br />
FRUIT<br />
iFRUIT<br />
i<br />
J 1<br />
JFLOWERi.! ,I!!I_I I I IFLOWER i/<br />
60<br />
_ 50 110 100<br />
FIG. 60. Distribution of Licania maranhensis, L. marleneae, L. maxima, and L. mexicana.<br />
0
168 Flora Neotropica<br />
70 60 50<br />
i fo oI L. membranacea<br />
Terra firme forest \ )<br />
10<br />
FLOWER ___ _ *_ I \ ** I A /I / * * :<br />
...........10 I 1<br />
60 50<br />
90_______8 _____s60 50<br />
r - L. michauxii L. microphyllal10<br />
3;0 3 00I<br />
oABITA HABITI<br />
FRUIT T-II I I 1<br />
.WE 066 g I fFLOWAERg Ig<br />
FRUIT<br />
I<br />
:<br />
/ /<br />
YU 80 60 bU<br />
FIG. 61. Distribution of Licania membranacea, L. michauxii, and L. microphylla.
Distribution Maps 169<br />
60 60<br />
0. L. laevigata LL. nelsonii<br />
1<br />
0<br />
HABITAT HABITA<br />
Terra firme forest /\ Swamps j \<br />
IFRUIT<br />
FLOWER<br />
NDA-| I/ M<br />
I:<br />
\<br />
\ I<br />
FRUIT I I |I I<br />
FOWER' I\ L I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
-<br />
I<br />
60<br />
G. . Ditibton o c 50<br />
l a . o L c<br />
70 n .<br />
0<br />
-- - ------<br />
L. occultanso L. tambopatensis<br />
?<br />
'<br />
1 0<br />
""<br />
FRUIT I::I: :::<br />
60 50 70<br />
FIG. 62. Distribution of Licania laevigata, L. nelsonii, L. occultans, and L. tambopatensis.<br />
:
170 Flora Neotropica<br />
70 O<br />
508<br />
0 !<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
L. micrantha<br />
FRUIT 99 i? 9<br />
FLowERgs I j4N-1 0 '0<br />
70<br />
-^ ?/ /'^<br />
60<br />
^<br />
/"**..-...-.o... :' j<br />
50 40<br />
I 90 r _<br />
LI<br />
^<br />
HABITAT0~~ o 0<br />
^<br />
-)A -<br />
FLOWER<br />
0 80 70 60<br />
FIG. 63. Distribution of Licania micrantha and L. minuscula.<br />
0
Distribution Maps<br />
70 6050 40<br />
-<br />
~'-ye<br />
" ei::, O-L. ....<br />
minuti<strong>flora</strong><br />
TERr I r f t 1 1 . 1 - t.---E-l -<br />
I<br />
yj~ -..... ':....L ....1/l' " '<br />
0 Terra firme forest<br />
.. .... .<br />
"JIFIMAMJIJ'IISIOI'I 1<br />
_ 60 50 40<br />
FIG 64 Dstrbuionof icniamiutilor ad L mltoii<br />
miltonii<br />
0 _<br />
F I G. 64. Distribution minutifora of-Licania<br />
and L. miltonii.<br />
10<br />
171
172 Flora Neotropica<br />
70__<br />
L. montana , o<br />
f )<br />
70o_<br />
HABITAT<br />
FHABITAT<br />
Beaches<br />
Montane & Cloud forest / Seasonally flooded forest .<br />
oxw L. mollis<br />
JRFIMIAIMIJIJ oAISINIDI1 1 FA J IAIS<br />
I<br />
FLOWERUI i I I I I I<br />
FLOWER g "I<br />
Il<br />
FLOWER<br />
-<br />
70<br />
U<br />
D<br />
W<br />
80 _ 50 40<br />
L. morii y L. naviculistipula<br />
:<br />
f 10<br />
FIG. 65. Distribution of Licania montana, L. mollis, L. morEi, and L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.........<br />
....n u l<br />
HABITAT BITATI<br />
Terra firme forest, Terra firme forest<br />
J. FMA F MJJA,M JJ ,A S ON, J IFIMIAI J IJ A - IS FND<br />
FRUIT FRUIT11-<br />
FLOWER FLOWER '<br />
I I I<br />
?<br />
7 0 o 4U<br />
FIG. 65. Distribution of Licania montana, L. mollis, L. morii, and L. naviculistipula.
Distribution Maps<br />
70 50 40<br />
L._niloi 10 L. nitida<br />
_' 0<br />
HABITAT<br />
T Cerra fr fIrme forest Or<br />
HABITAT<br />
rrado<br />
IJ FMAMIJIJASI JIFIMIAIMIJI-J IAISIOINIDI<br />
FL I OWERI +...gg.. L______<br />
10 70<br />
40<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
?/,){j^l ?~"-'v-~}<br />
L. oblongifolia<br />
o --~ . , . ,,.: e ,.<br />
.......... .. .....<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
FRUIT<br />
J FMAIMIJJIASOI NIDU<br />
I<br />
iee<br />
illlle ;.0-"<br />
,, ',:, .<br />
o)-....<br />
...o<br />
.........<br />
('<br />
......./ '<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
FIG. 66. Distribution of Licania nilo, L. nitida, and L. oblongifolia.<br />
173
174 Flora Neotropica<br />
70 60 50 40<br />
, I.<br />
,C L. octandra subsp. octandra<br />
.. . .<br />
.._.J~-':MAMJ /' D :: < / . ........<br />
70 60 50 40<br />
..........<br />
HAB T ... ...... ?<br />
Gallery-|@/,O<br />
IGallery f, 1 O fI<br />
forest . / "
Distribution Maps<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
Jz<br />
r L . o ctandra subsp. pallidal<br />
D,.I > \
176 Flora Neotropica<br />
0~~<br />
70 60 _ 60 50<br />
0<br />
0<br />
670 60 50<br />
)Jo^<br />
o ,.^~~~ . .<br />
%L.<br />
pallida<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
lFI<br />
FRUIT<br />
FLOWER<br />
AMJ IJIAISI<br />
M<br />
F) w i<br />
D \i \<br />
\<br />
a<br />
i.) ~-/(<br />
--?<br />
\<br />
.<br />
V<br />
< ; 7I<br />
/<br />
_ -770 60 50<br />
FIG. 69. Distribution of Licania orbicularis, L. ovalifolia, and L. pal/ida.<br />
pallida.
Distribution Maps<br />
70 606 _ 0<br />
, L. pakaraimensis L. paraensis<br />
12 C<br />
?TFRUIT<br />
HABI'TAT /J^-r ^ ,/4 ^,._ally<br />
flood d f r s _<br />
:3!MAMliASOND^-^-'.^i/<br />
?r o l ***<br />
[ijgsissftg-^<br />
8U<br />
7 3<br />
* -<br />
.^^^\k)/ 7<br />
^ ^^<br />
X . . 1<br />
^ _<br />
Jff/\77z^^:-7t^^^~~~,?<br />
( A<br />
/ iO^w /A<br />
' ^ ^ -^ ^' / 'M<br />
/<br />
/^<br />
M S onalne FIG 70 flooded itiuino forest iaapkriess .preni,adL avfoa<br />
\FRUIT/ of |L1n a L aap/ /<br />
FIG. 70. Distribution of Licania pakaraimensis, L. paraensis, L. and parvi<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
177
178 Flora Neotropica<br />
0<br />
o<br />
'r1<br />
Iz 2 "<br />
v v<br />
Seasonally flooded forest<br />
70 60 50<br />
~<br />
F A J A [ N<br />
I~~~~ ~~FRUIT J|F|M|A*MJ|J|A|SI y........<br />
}\ ~...<br />
FRUIT<br />
x, L. parvifolia<br />
r.' '""' ....<br />
.<br />
.<br />
X ' L<br />
Gallery forest ~ ~ 0 1<br />
) /<br />
7O, ~~~ 70<br />
-<br />
60~ 60 0 ' 5 50 0 60<br />
,IG 7 parvifructa L.<br />
L. a persaudi<br />
FIG. 71. Distribution of Licania parvfolia, L. parvifructa, and L. persaudi.<br />
e1<br />
HABITAT~<br />
/ /<br />
/~ A<br />
~<br />
r :erra firme i.Terra forest ___ ><br />
firme forest _<br />
FIG.__ 6<br />
7iboiaiapf,L________6<br />
60
Distribution Maps 179<br />
..<br />
A 0ITT<br />
100 90 80<br />
_ - -----<br />
Gallery forest<br />
IFIMJ A|MIJ IJIASlO NID I<br />
. .. ..L. platypus<br />
_8_?__10 0 9 0 70<br />
__ 80_ _____70 60 50<br />
FIG. 72. Distribution of Licania platypus and L. polita<br />
Seasonally flooded forest 0/ / ? >\ 1 j *\ 7 ] / / 1<br />
JFMA JJASO ND // /<br />
_ Y t00 . ) (<br />
(
180 Flora Neotropica<br />
50 50<br />
Terra firme foreso t :; ___ *'"' ........5"y " " ^ S ...easonally. . flooded : forest<br />
FRUI____T_I!i<br />
M<br />
FRUIT<br />
iM<br />
FLOWER i _lll _<br />
_FMAIMJlAIS ASN N<br />
I _ !<br />
)<br />
/<br />
I<br />
I _<br />
FRUIT<br />
IFLOWER /i _<br />
50 lOiND<br />
/ i<br />
0<br />
,ro^<br />
..5050<br />
70 60 100 90<br />
L. pyrifolia . .--.- .<br />
7_Bo~~<br />
- ..---,<br />
HABITAT 'ABITAT<br />
Gallery forest Gallery forest<br />
Terra firme forest Terra firme forest<br />
0<br />
.'<br />
L. retifolia<br />
J IFA<br />
FRUIT I i<br />
IMJ JASOND jNID<br />
FRUIT<br />
J AIS NID<br />
FLOWER FLOWE<br />
m7<br />
o<br />
'_ 60-uo u90<br />
FIG. 73. Distribution of Licania piresii, L. pruinosa, L. pyrifolia, and L. retifolia.
Distribution Maps<br />
70 60 50 40<br />
^ ^ .or.r ?. .L. rigida2o<br />
"? 0<br />
o 50 4<br />
Arid formations, caatinQa ai ....<br />
/<br />
FRUIT<br />
I / ' ~ o L. rigida (cultivated)<br />
0 80 70 60---<br />
FIG. 74. Distribution of Licania rigida.<br />
~'"<br />
"<br />
181
182 Flora Neotropica<br />
80 70 60<br />
.0*^ ^^ o Y L. reticulata<br />
0<br />
Terra firme forest - --<br />
Seasonally flooded forest - - 10<br />
J A S D I<br />
;FRUIT * 7 ) \I<br />
,,__70 ? 8^<br />
-60 50<br />
50 40 50<br />
L. riedelii L. robusta<br />
10<br />
0<br />
'HAAHATT 0 10<br />
""**....^ ^ ~"~\~"~~'~---^Terra firme forest<br />
FIG. 75. Distribution of Licania reticulata, L. riedelii, and L. robusta.
Distribution Maps<br />
60 50<br />
I<br />
60 50<br />
.: L. rodriguesii L. roraimensis<br />
10'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\ I~?c-1<br />
HA^^BITAT1 V A ( ILHABITAT F<br />
10<br />
Terra firm st ontane Cloud C d forest f<br />
J F1AMJJASIOND )/.ONDMJ F J S ND<br />
IFRUIT i /e / I FRUIT _ ../ _<br />
FLOWER * 1"i I *le* : I I I * . .J '" IFLOWER ! J<br />
60 560 b<br />
^_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __60 _<br />
80 70<br />
FIG -. . L. rufescens o<br />
L. salicifolia<br />
Slope forest<br />
'<br />
) \ Gallery forest /,<br />
/<br />
/<br />
'<br />
JFMA'ND -"-- /[\ f ' I JIFMIAIMIJIJ<br />
--- ! IAI S NID./<br />
10 FRUI T_ -------^ I1- -1 FRUIT I i I- /,;) I ~<br />
PLOWgR~":::^^ij|_j~~7r----lo IFLOWERI II I i i II -<br />
bo o L 7o 80<br />
FIG. 76. Distribution of Licania rodriguesii,L. roraimensis, L. rufescens, and L. salicifolia.<br />
o<br />
183
184 Flora Neotropica<br />
50 40 __60<br />
L. salzmannii L. sandwithii<br />
FIG. 77. Distribution of Licania sazmannii, L. sandwithii, L. santsii, and L. savannarum.<br />
Restinga Terra firme forest<br />
FRUIT IFRUIT II<br />
! I I i<br />
FLOWERI I i I i?iI<br />
L<br />
IW .. I I .... I<br />
50 40 60<br />
Rest5nga 4020<br />
Terra<br />
7mr0<br />
s<br />
50 40 70 | 60 A \<br />
FIGL 7.DsrbtooLiaiLsadih- L. santos. . . L. . savannarum and<br />
b) 4070 (0<br />
i<br />
L. santosii -? L. savannarum<br />
FIG. 77. Distribution of Licania salzmannii, L. sandwithii, L. santosii, and L. savannarum.
Distribution Maps 185<br />
Cerrado : '<br />
70'Gallery forest<br />
,'~ ~l:~)~,<br />
f.,/~ ,t<br />
/<br />
L."sclerophylla<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
Savanna margins<br />
Seasonally flooded forest<br />
./ .<br />
.<br />
1\)<br />
\ )<br />
,<br />
\<br />
*<br />
I //<br />
_//j<br />
/<br />
////<br />
/<br />
) .<br />
;:<br />
/<br />
/<br />
/ /<br />
JFiMAJJJASOND /I J VJjA: N<br />
; /<br />
/', I<br />
FLOWER F<br />
|<br />
________1<br />
''<br />
--.(<br />
.<br />
:<br />
70 _____ 60 40--<br />
50<br />
70 60 50<br />
.T) \^ / ?<br />
I~~L. silvae<br />
70 60 b<br />
FIG. 78. Distribution of Licania sclerophylla and L. silvae.<br />
50<br />
0<br />
0
186 Flora Neotropica<br />
5Q 40 . ... _90_ _ 80<br />
L. silvatica<br />
10,; , 0; V6610
Distribution Maps<br />
60 70 60<br />
L. stewardii.. L. steyermarkii<br />
0 0<br />
' % . .... 1.o ... ...<br />
i I I I<br />
A I jFM wi MA/ 1 ]MIJIJAIAISO<br />
IStjr 101 ND NDJ \<br />
-<br />
iFLOWER<br />
FLOWER I iJ<br />
S ND<br />
FRUIT _ _!1 I *(I ITI I I _ *<br />
60<br />
, L. stricta L. subarachnophylla<br />
....... HABITA<br />
60bU<br />
10 HABIT Gallery forest<br />
Seasonally floodd flooded forest Terra firme forest<br />
IJ IFIMIAMJIJIAISONID Ja<br />
FRUIT<br />
FLWR IFLOWER ":<br />
FRUIT<br />
I<br />
IFIMA MJIJIAISO<br />
I 1 l 1<br />
1H<br />
FIG. 80. Distribution of Licania stewardii, L. steyermarkii, L. stricta, and L. subarachnophylla.<br />
60<br />
..<br />
187
188 Flora Neotropica<br />
o<br />
70 60 __70<br />
70 7<br />
-,... .....<br />
^<br />
HABITAT^ \ \^ J)<br />
HABITAT<br />
( '^^<br />
Montane & Cloud forest N / Slope forest|M|AIM|J rS I<br />
- ~<br />
-<br />
FRUIT --FLOWER Ig 1-----l-1 \ I FLOWERI II--<br />
- -- I I I I I I I I I I 1 1FRUIT I I I I I I \/<br />
:FL:OWER I I I: 1 1 ,I I ,FLOWER _ I I, : I I<br />
70_0 0<br />
_ /v^ L. teixeirae L. tepuiensis<br />
Terra Cfirmest Soe forest \<br />
FIG. 0 81. Distribution of Licania subrotundata, teixeirae, L. tachirensis, L. and tepuiensis L.<br />
Terra firme forest ?, Montane-& Cloud forest<br />
JIFMIAIMIJ AISIOND / J F MAM JJAS III [JF ! nD<br />
AM IJIFIMIAIMIJJAIJSI^ISOIFNID<br />
S!qlNID ! . f I<br />
FRUIT I III<br />
I<br />
WER I I I MMI I<br />
FLOWER<br />
FIG. 81. Distribution of Licania subrotundata, L. tachirensis, L. teixeirae, and L. tepuiensis.<br />
o<br />
.
Distribution Maps 189<br />
I?,<br />
60 so<br />
L. ternatensis L. tocantina<br />
1 00<br />
Slope forest<br />
\ ^^'Terra<br />
firme forest- 0<br />
JIFIMIAM J J AIS ONID 5J FlMAWMAJSJNA1r 1<br />
~<br />
FRUIT i~*~ _<br />
S_FRUIT<br />
FLOWER _I :ggg_ ff:I /t FLOWE _ _ _ _----H/<br />
50 40 I 80 70<br />
I<br />
tomentosa, ,, L.<br />
HAFITAT BI / \ \ \<br />
Restinga<br />
FRUIT-<br />
10 HAB ITAT<br />
LOWER! I IIi$11Ig$1 . I Terra firme forest<br />
/<br />
FIG8.i<br />
4U 4U80<br />
s o tiu<br />
JIFIMIAIMJIJIAISlOtNID<br />
FRUIT<br />
L<br />
Linatnts,LtcnnFLOWER igid<br />
70I 11FLOWERI I I I 1N1 1 1 1 1:1 1 1
190 Flora Neotropica<br />
'^<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
*<br />
.... . ... . L. triandra<br />
..,. ~<br />
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ..<br />
Terra BITAT~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
firme forest _ \ \ I i \ ~<br />
A<br />
J FMAltJ J AISIOND -<br />
I )<br />
^<br />
rl \ \ > (<br />
FLOWER_III_* ! , ^ /^ S^\ V / L / //I I<br />
?U 70 60 50<br />
80<br />
___ 70 ____60 _______50<br />
~~ I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
"~~~~'~/~ ooj<br />
0!?-.:~-<br />
L.unguiculata<br />
FLW FR i-g o<br />
" " " _ (.; /^ v In \? /y//<br />
HABITAT " '""T<br />
~<br />
FI Terra firme foresta .<br />
Seasonally flooded forest "\ r<br />
.<br />
.<br />
.. ...<br />
y<br />
^<br />
(<br />
....<br />
> /<br />
JFIMAIMJ J A SND^- )^ / V M t (<br />
8U 60 50_<br />
FIG. 83. Distribution of Licania triandra and L. unguiculata.
Distribution Maps<br />
/L. turbinata ] L. urceolaris<br />
1 O<br />
u
192 Flora Neotropica<br />
80 70 80 70<br />
L. velata L. veneralensis<br />
10..-/ ~",~c~~,o11~....-10 /' ol10<br />
~<br />
Io ____ J o .<br />
?<br />
...%~. ~<br />
?<br />
--<br />
o<br />
'-.J.=,--- 0,<br />
~, ~ ::<br />
HABITA^ - -<br />
^r^^V<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
/^<br />
'-<br />
^ HABITAT-<br />
Terra firme forest -- I<br />
l JIFIMIAIMIJ J O .'I 'JFI<br />
I F!1.FRUITII I I I '~ I<br />
!FLOWER Ill i I!1 lel a I ...... 1<br />
I<br />
:LFLOWER<br />
I<br />
I I FRUIT<br />
I I I<br />
I<br />
I PI!!"..<br />
_1 U 80 70 60<br />
0', 0 -<br />
L. wurdackii<br />
10~1 0<br />
10 0<br />
'0 o"'I<br />
i--L---4T.--0<br />
o o<br />
FL {, O A (X1<br />
JIFMAIMIJIJASND A\ .H , I I<br />
L ggE 11 11 1II!I I . ) t. I I f . (\ /I // )f v1<br />
8U ~ ~~70 60<br />
FIG. 85. Distribution of Licania velata, L. veneralensis, and L. wurdackii.<br />
0-<br />
-<br />
"- I
Distribution Maps 193<br />
8 0 60 50<br />
CParinari Composite Map<br />
.0 0<br />
o<br />
0<br />
F W-EROO." *@ @-@'@<br />
u.. I<br />
f<br />
8 un... D .fh<br />
0<br />
0<br />
O<br />
^^ Fs IV \ ^^ I\ ~<br />
" ; ?~~~<br />
................. e */-^^ 7^^ r*^>^ . ..<br />
h~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..1<br />
30 FRUIT **** 0 10 ** ** ,<br />
rY- /<br />
/
194 Flora Neotropica<br />
50 40 50 40<br />
P. alvimii (7|.)<br />
P. brasiliensis<br />
l J ~F s sJ A J S~.. i .. .....<br />
Terra firm forest e<br />
_ _ _<br />
FRUIT _ _---<br />
FLOWER _r _ _ _ _ _;____ I I<br />
50 40<br />
201 HABITAT I<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
4<br />
j<br />
70 60 50<br />
8 Dr on of Prri al P. campestris<br />
Gallery forest'- 1-<br />
10 FLOWER<br />
gigBigSgtigg^ /JTTJ7\)-"-7'-----^^ .....-^-)<br />
~70 60~ 0<br />
FIG. 87. Distribution of Parinari alvimii, P. brasiliensis, and P. campestris.
Distribution Maps 195<br />
"''HEITAD FHA<br />
60 50 80 70<br />
P. cardiophylla<br />
0;~~~i o<br />
M 7<br />
;T<br />
0<br />
P. chocoensis<br />
10 10<br />
10*<br />
AISIOINIDI<br />
Terra firme forest y Terra firme forest 2__.<br />
JI J IAISIAOINIQI<br />
FRUIT II I I I I I I I I IFRU<br />
[FLOWER I:II<br />
60 50<br />
\<br />
I I<br />
I<br />
!<br />
IT<br />
8"<br />
IJIFIMIA8J IJ|AISIO NI<br />
! ~... I I I i<br />
0 70<br />
80 8 b 70<br />
50 40<br />
70<br />
FIG. /.Dsrbtonof p. klugiio a P. i P. littoralis<br />
\' 0 10<br />
V^T \0 AT ;\<br />
* HABITAT<br />
HABITAT, Restinga<br />
Terra s<br />
firme<br />
firme<br />
.t<br />
^ AF MI - J-J AISFOND IS<br />
FRUIT i<br />
v '<br />
\o ov<br />
FLOWER Eir J<br />
\<br />
Terra forest<br />
1 J J'FM A J J A S OINID<br />
FRUIT<br />
FLOWER<br />
2<br />
, 70 50 40<br />
FIG. 88. Distribution of Parinari cardiophylla, P. chocoensis, P. klugii, and P. littoralis.
196 Flora Neotropica<br />
10<br />
1~0<br />
o<br />
HABITAT<br />
0<br />
3C Terra firme forest<br />
______<br />
70 605<br />
o<br />
P. excelsa<br />
.<br />
....... ___1_ _ _<br />
FG89Distri b u i o of Pa rn a e xcelsa..?? r -<br />
JAFMAMJJASOND \<br />
70 60 50 40<br />
FIG. 89. Distribution of Parinari excelsa.<br />
10
Distribution Maps 197<br />
HABITAT<br />
.......<br />
P. maguirei P. obtusifolia<br />
............................<br />
HABITAT<br />
JIFIMIA J JJIA SCN<br />
FRUIT _-- --<br />
I I I -<br />
FLOWER = I I<br />
60<br />
D IXA<br />
I<br />
JIFI MIA_ ,71J,A S C N DI<br />
FRUIT * _"i * g _<br />
FLOWERgg ogiggg1gS<br />
/<br />
/<br />
/<br />
40<br />
7 ,o0 50<br />
FIG.'^ 90 Dsrbto P iP. montana<br />
! / ~ c . .....<br />
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c~~<br />
oJ<br />
F A J'" . N D .-' /<br />
...........-'t<br />
FLOWER" : . ... . . . . . . ... .<br />
Terra firme forest I<br />
FRUIT 9<br />
"<br />
* * ( ,71 f \ 7 A /<br />
0<br />
70 60 50<br />
FIG. 90. Distribution of<br />
Parinari Parinari maguirei, P. obtusifolia, and P. montana.<br />
montana
198 Flora Neotropica<br />
Semideciduous forest ___ . Seasonally flooded forest J< <<br />
IFRU<br />
0P'~~~60<br />
JF MAMJJASOIND/ 50<br />
TA_re____/'_<br />
.-<br />
HA_ FRUI<br />
7 F 0 EAMJJAs .<br />
oND<br />
_i~_ _ _ ~//_<br />
O )/<br />
\11<br />
70 60 _<br />
OWI. R ^P p/ l rv |If^li<br />
,~ 0<br />
P. par la P. P occidentalis<br />
^ ^<br />
~~HABITAT-- ~7Z-:--74-JL_': /{ -^ HABITATY' ^ ^ '^^^ J<br />
FIG. 91. Distribution of Parinari pachyphya, P. parvifoia, P. pariis,<br />
P. and o cciden talis<br />
Terra firme forest Tera a e for<br />
FRUIT 9 i o P1 o a ay ---c FRUIT A a P id ai<br />
~ ~^\
Distribution Maps<br />
FRU<br />
-<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
' / / )/ (<br />
P. rodolphii<br />
80 70 70 60<br />
FIG 92 Distribution of Parinari rodolphii, P. romeroi, and P. sprucei.ucei<br />
HABITAT HABITT<br />
Terra firme forest Seasonally flooded forest<br />
J,FMAM,1 JI1AISOD JF A J AS D<br />
FRUIT<br />
FLOWER<br />
'<br />
8U 70 70 6'<br />
FIG. 92. Distribution of Parinari rodolphii, P. romeroi, and P. sprucei.<br />
199
200 Flora Neotropica<br />
0.<br />
70 650 40'<br />
_ 70 0 60 460<br />
50<br />
Exellodendron Composite Map<br />
FIG 93 Exellodendron.-.<br />
Distbution of the genus<br />
;<br />
JFIM:iA J/ ]AND/ i<br />
FIG. 93. Distribution of the genus Exellodendron.
Distribution Maps<br />
0<br />
70 60 .0<br />
"Y~<br />
...:: _... E. barbatum<br />
1E I<br />
60 50 40<br />
7 70 5 40<br />
' '7 0 60 5 0 40<br />
FIG. 94. Distribution of Exellodendron Exellodendron barbatum and E. cordatum.<br />
201
202 Flora Neotropica<br />
70 60 50<br />
.o gr E. grE. coriaceum<br />
Gallery<br />
forest... . .'<br />
Savanna mar ins<br />
Seasonally flooded forest<br />
-<br />
' ......<br />
.. .<br />
FRUIT _ i<br />
FRUIT -<br />
60 50<br />
50 40 50 40<br />
E. gardneri E. gracile<br />
FLOWER_I __ __ -<br />
-_ LOWER I I i I I I<br />
HABITAT^ )<br />
?<br />
^--j~l HABITAT 2<br />
Cerrado_______________ Gallery forest<br />
JFIMAMJ IJA SIOINIDI cr JFM AMIJ J A S gOiND<br />
FRUIT<br />
FLOWER<br />
gm I 11 I I [-<br />
I8I<br />
--IFRU RUI IT ?<br />
FLOWER<br />
* I I<br />
II:II<br />
-<br />
40 4'<br />
FIG. 95. Distribution of Exellodendron coriaceum, E. gardneri, and E. gracile.
0<br />
___ 100_____ 90 80 ___ 70 __ _ __ 60<br />
\ -onianca^itin aCouepia /<br />
r<br />
O0<br />
0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~eF<br />
|Seondary&Clu forest ___ ______ - Slop ire forest<br />
\ - - --V iX - 3 .s^9. X / T ap |\^ X7. "<br />
|Becodr<br />
Terr fims fres<br />
Montane & Cloud forest~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I<br />
White sand fo /rest or campina<br />
forest<br />
____ \<br />
SeaIsonally tlooded forest j-<br />
y<br />
^'<br />
^<br />
\ ^^- . ^ 'f a ; I/ W<br />
j?|<br />
4 l &4.<br />
,/
204 Flora Neotropica<br />
60 504n<br />
10o --' C. amaralae 1 C. belemii<br />
10 HABITAT<br />
"" Ar<br />
(\ A \ i ) f Z"^?~HAI I / TATA j<br />
J| Jii J S-<br />
Savanna margins ) OI FRUIT _I ___ I<br />
Amazonian caatinga__ __<br />
60<br />
4F5'<br />
70 50 40<br />
10 .<br />
C. bernardii 10<br />
C. bondarii<br />
' '7 0 '<br />
'~~~~~~~~~~<br />
FIG. 9 . Dsrbto fCupaaaaa,C eei,C enri,adC odri<br />
T1erra firme forest .. .........<br />
IG. 97 J I Is o C m C b . / . .<br />
FRUIT .':" " '""""'4<br />
FLOWER. I I I II II 'M I
Distribution Maps<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
^.~3 .: -<br />
C. bracteosa<br />
,,t_J___f^.f'y<br />
[FLOWER X - _ -. I<br />
*.jo .,,<br />
Secondary forest<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
iA)l<br />
80 70 7<br />
60<br />
50<br />
60 70 60<br />
C. canescens<br />
"<br />
o?<br />
C. canomensis<br />
p' ^ "o o 0 /IiS ^ C<br />
./ ']<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
.<br />
.\<br />
Slope<br />
HABITA r i o o C b , c e adCcnoes.<br />
orest<br />
60 70 60<br />
'<br />
/ f<br />
FIG. 98. Distribution of Couepia bracteosa, C. canescens, and C. canomensis.<br />
205
206 Flora Neotropica<br />
50 40 60 50<br />
1 / C. carautae C. caryophylloides<br />
HABIT HABITAT--7<br />
Terra firme forest Terra frme forest 0<br />
FRUIT J IF IMIAMI<br />
(<br />
J IJ N I I J JIA S OIND<br />
-FRUIT I Ik II FRUIT I Im 1 /A<br />
IFLOWER M I I I I I 1Im1[1@1 1 I.L|| IFLOWERI I I I I I i11 1 I '<br />
40 60 50<br />
60 50 60<br />
F 9. is C. cataractae andC. cidiana<br />
Beaches<br />
Rheophyte<br />
Seasonally flooded forest<br />
H/A "0 A<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
J F M AMJAJIJoINAI<br />
FRUIT<br />
Li /I<br />
FLOWER_ IM01g<br />
/I<br />
I 1_J<br />
yJ<br />
....' FRUIT<br />
FLOWER<br />
FIMIAIMJIJIAISIOMNIDT<br />
660<br />
50<br />
FIG. 99. Distribution of Couepia carautae, C. caryophylloides, C. cataractae, and C. cidiana.
Distribution Maps<br />
FRUBITAT';., 1 r / C. chrysocalyx<br />
'<br />
0 0" ' ' '-<br />
0<br />
'<br />
FLoWERI" -'--. z 1E1zzE1 ..... J ' :.. ? -e .v<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
Secondary forest<br />
I J, F'A'J I I I<br />
FRUIT l<br />
FLOWER '"" iil l<br />
?<br />
AI<br />
,-<br />
, .<br />
.<br />
( 3<br />
l '".'''**<br />
/~~ /,.<br />
J<br />
o-<br />
''''_<br />
-<br />
~<br />
-<br />
' /<br />
.<br />
'1<br />
)<br />
:<br />
80 _ 70 W0 50<br />
540 4060 50<br />
.^<br />
..0~~<br />
FI.. C.<br />
Ducoarctatoua c , C. C. comosa<br />
\<br />
^<br />
- - ^ *K<br />
. .......... ......<br />
.....<br />
..':'<br />
HA<br />
B T T<br />
)<br />
HABITATi 7^?P^~^--^<br />
Beaches<br />
Restinga<br />
heophyte<br />
JIF^M2 J<br />
AFR|)|JJST--<br />
J A S I---<br />
FRUIT<br />
IF A IMI J IJA SO ND<br />
I<br />
---<br />
40 60 50<br />
FIG. 100. Distribution of Couepia chrysocalyx, C. coarctata, and C. comosa.<br />
_<br />
207
208<br />
60 60<br />
loi, C. cognata C. cognata<br />
Flora Neotropica<br />
-"-... ~-var. cognata10 7' (, var. major<br />
/: .<br />
?"-<br />
'.i> M.<br />
Savanna margins ( 1 0 HABITAT<br />
Secondary forest/ \ Terra firme forest 0<br />
J|F|M|A|M|JJ|A|S|O|NP \<br />
JFMAMJ JJASO D D\<br />
60 80 70<br />
0 C. cognata / C. dolichopoda<br />
var. membranacea<br />
Savanna ___ \) ) / \ Terra firme forest ,<br />
JIFIM|AiJ|JA|S|O|ND /iD<br />
0'FRUIT -I<br />
I<br />
'<br />
1 i.........F<br />
|IFLOWER<br />
_IIII l I I<br />
)<br />
I<br />
I<br />
IJIFIMAIMIJIJIAISIONID<br />
I \I I<br />
FLOWER<br />
O6080 70<br />
FIG. 101. Distribution of Couepia cognata and C. dolichopoda.<br />
o<br />
(
Distribution Maps 209<br />
60 60<br />
C. eriantha Acioa edulis<br />
XHABIToAT.......0<br />
HABITAT<br />
Seasonally flooded forest Terra firme forest<br />
FRUIT<br />
JFIMAMJIJLAISoD<br />
I I<br />
\<br />
\<br />
FRUIT<br />
JFMMJ<br />
*<br />
J A S 0 N<br />
**<br />
^1<br />
FLOWER gg___<br />
Oi_0<br />
I // //1 FLOWER _g__ _ __ 2 \)/J<br />
1 0^<br />
70 60 60_50<br />
^0<br />
HABITAT, HABITAT<br />
Terra firme forest Terra firme forest<br />
.... ....<br />
JFIMA^ JIJIAISONID ASN0JFMA'J ||<br />
FRUIT 1 1 hdIII 1 1 I T<br />
FLOWERI 1 1 1 1 1E\\)<br />
1<br />
I<br />
IAISIONID<br />
|IFLOWER<br />
/ (<br />
60___ 70<br />
60 50<br />
FIG. 102. Distribution of Couepia eriantha, Acioa edulis, C. elata, and C. excelsa.<br />
0<br />
0
210 Flora Neotropica<br />
60 60<br />
00 0 . exflexa C. foveolata<br />
0 1o0o<br />
HABITAT 3 D o ui e ABITAT<br />
. i a C<br />
Terra firme forest \ TSeasonally flooded forest<br />
JIF MAMAIS.ND D i C. FfeaAIMI JJIAISd Cl<br />
FRUIT I I IIIIcIIII_I<br />
FLOWER<br />
I 6N<br />
-^ 60 . _<br />
I0sioaa.oC.<br />
FLOWWER I(^<br />
froesii C. glabra<br />
FHABITAT/...........<br />
HABITAT<br />
Terra firme forest Terra firme forest<br />
FRUIT _ n [f FRUIT<br />
FLOWER FLOW II I:I is/<br />
60<br />
^^^^^^^^^__^^___60<br />
FIG. 103. Distribution of Couepia exflexa, C. foveolata, C. froesii, and C glabra.
Distribution Maps<br />
70 60 50 40<br />
..:erra...~... ...fi...foe..::: 70 .. ;.~_.. ......f .^- ..... . ..<br />
,?-. .<br />
HABIT I I I I<br />
FRU<br />
7 ?60 50t?4<br />
ISO<br />
...............<br />
JIFMAM IJIJI A IN<br />
FIG. 104. Distribution of Couepia grandi<strong>flora</strong> an<br />
F ER W<br />
............ :<br />
I<br />
7060 60 5 0<br />
FIG. 104. Distribution of Couepia<br />
grandifora<br />
and C<br />
guianensis subsp. divaricata.<br />
.....<br />
211
212 Flora Neotropica<br />
70 60 50<br />
I o. . --. - C. guianensis subsp. glandulosa<br />
Seasonally floded forest<br />
o\3<br />
yo<br />
.,,.,-<br />
-<br />
FG 1C. guianensis subsp. guianensis<br />
0 0<br />
\<br />
70 60 50 0<br />
FG105 DisrbtoofCupaginnisus.gadlsansus.uaess<br />
70 60 5O<br />
FIG. 105. Distribution of Couepia guianensis subsp. glandulosa and<br />
subsp. guianensis.<br />
.<br />
10
Distribution Maps 213<br />
I:::'<br />
01<br />
60 50 40<br />
C. habrantha \ C. impressa :<br />
cabraliae<br />
f ' 0 ?subsp.<br />
'<br />
. . . . ..I.C 1<br />
HABITAT S V/HATT<br />
0 Terra firme forest TerrHABITAT for-e-<br />
Seasonally flooded forest / Restinga -<br />
J FIMAIM JIJ AISIOINID JIF1\M AMJIJ IAIS N D<br />
FLOWERgggJ_I ~<br />
-<br />
_ I I Ii /j / TFLOWERUI R<br />
50 40 50 40<br />
C. impressa | .'.i , C. insignis<br />
subsp. impressa<br />
/ :..............<br />
HiABITAt, Restinga<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
2f-g ITerra firme forest 20<br />
IE<br />
FRUIT<br />
IJFIMIAIJ IJIAISIOINIDI<br />
I I I I I I IFRUIT<br />
I I<br />
IJFIMIAMJIJIAISIOINID<br />
-- --<br />
FLOWERI |I I I I I I IMll-E25<br />
4U<br />
---<br />
4U<br />
FIG. 106. Distribution of Couepia habrantha, C. impressa, and C. insignis.
214 Flora Neotropica<br />
~""~'~ ~.. , I///' ~. ~<br />
............ ' '<br />
~0'.. I-.~'~ latifolia<br />
C .<br />
HABLTAT C, HABITAT 10<br />
Seasonall flooded forest Terra R firme forest<br />
FT-MTA<br />
JO.1 I JIFIMIAIM J J J A SNIIND<br />
FRUIT ,<br />
*__****,* I ! FRUIT I<br />
:::WER :<br />
__=:; _S_ _ \YVFLOWER<br />
E- -B<br />
IG C.<br />
l.ongipendulao<br />
60 50 40<br />
ICo longipetiolat C.<br />
Terra firme<br />
forestJ s<br />
T esringa f<br />
1 JFMAMJJ AI<br />
10 FRUIT<br />
IongIpenIa<br />
FLOWER<br />
60<br />
.....i.......... 2J MA<br />
0/ 10 FRUIT IM<br />
F<br />
J J AIS0 ND -<br />
I -I<br />
I: H-H<br />
40<br />
FIG. 107. Distribution of Couepia krukovii, C. latifolia, C. longipendula, and C. longipetiolata.
Distribution Maps<br />
70 60 60 50<br />
1^^^C. macrophylla 0 1 C. magnolifolia 0<br />
.......... ... .........<br />
i 0<br />
Terra firme forest..^ Terra firme forest )<br />
20 . JFMA__ JASJOJ N D , _-2C 10 IJ FIfAIMIJIJIAISOND ,/ |<br />
FRUIT I _ _FRUIT<br />
I 110 _ _<br />
I.____________________60 6_<br />
d'<br />
_ 60<br />
0<br />
^C. maguirei marl. C. 'eneae<br />
0 HABI<br />
0I<br />
C magnoliifolia, C. magiei, and C maleneae.<br />
Rheophyte ________ _ ) ) / Terra firme forest //<br />
I JIFIA>JIJIAIO "<br />
1C IFRUIT 1 1 I L<br />
FLOWER<br />
X<br />
//<br />
./. z<br />
10<br />
I IJIFIMIAIJJASNDI<br />
IFRUIT I I IIII1 11111<br />
FLOWER I I I I I I<br />
f .1) \<br />
//<br />
/<br />
/A<br />
- I60 60 O<br />
________060<br />
FIG. 108. Distribution of Couepia macrophylla, C. magnoliifolia, C. maguirei, and C. marleneae.<br />
215
216 Flora Neotropica<br />
60 50 50<br />
C. martinii / LC. meridionalis<br />
. Terra firme forest<br />
JF|MAIMIJIJIAISE NID1<br />
FRUIT<br />
FLOWER<br />
XI<br />
JFIAIM<br />
FRUIT_<br />
JJAS ND<br />
/<br />
~ - FLOWER<br />
60 -50 50 40<br />
60 80 70<br />
F-IG.<br />
1 C. multi<strong>flora</strong> C. nutans<br />
0<br />
........--------<br />
0 ^ ^ ^^ --\~~~~~~~~~;<br />
6O\ 5^-^/''-<br />
.0<br />
'0 5 O 40^ -<br />
HABITAT<br />
savanna<br />
Savanna margins<br />
IFCABITAT.<br />
Montane & Cloud forest<br />
F JG1 M0 D sibIAISoOIN uiD JIFa ji MAli J iSDloND<br />
FLOWERJ 1.J 1? -WE-7R "i IE<br />
I_,1_60<br />
800<br />
FIG. 109. Distribution ofCouepia martinii, C. meridionalis, C multi<strong>flora</strong>, and C. nutans.
Distribution Maps 217<br />
.0<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
^ .0 S.^ o,o&tA c. obovata<br />
0A--<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
0 0<br />
....;<br />
'<br />
N ,,,/ ,,/<br />
-<br />
1.<br />
)r<br />
\ /<br />
-<br />
FRUIT<br />
CRg<br />
- * : vf . A /1 \ / / /<br />
FLOWi ./ 1__/K //' j .J \<br />
______ 80___ 70 60 50<br />
8F 1 tf701O i oCu60aObat ad50<br />
1:<br />
2 I<br />
Savanna__________-'-"I<br />
FIG.1 10. DistributionofCouepiaobovata npa rillo,l<br />
IFNIAIMIJIJIAISIOINID<br />
l<br />
L<br />
...........<br />
FRUITA Terra firme forest .-/<br />
Secondary forest ________ -- x-^ -j .. . ..,..<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
FIG. 110. Distribution of Couepia obovata and C. parillo.
218 Flora Neotropica<br />
~<br />
C. ovalifolias C. parvifolia<br />
HABITATk P I IHABITAT<br />
~~FLOWERI g"g"~SMg" ......E| *FLOWERg"""" ,'<br />
.__...........<br />
T ) C. pernambucensis . C. platycalyx<br />
FIG 11 .. b fo ..... f C o . b s .<br />
firme Terra forest Montane&<br />
_<br />
FRUIT<br />
JIFMIAIMIJ<br />
I I JIAISIO NIDI<br />
I -p- I 1 I 1111|1<br />
-II<br />
FIRUIT<br />
IJ IFIMIAIMIJIAISIOI NI -/<br />
FIG. IFLOWER 11. Distribution I of Couepia :I ovalifolia, I I.1-. I C. II parvifolia, FLOWER C. pernambucensis, and plat70calyx. C.<br />
40<br />
FIG. 111. Distribution of Couepia ovalifolia, C. parvifolia, C. pernambucensis, and C. platycalyx.
Distribution Maps<br />
_ 0 70 60<br />
?k?^Vy<br />
0 Bec<br />
/.es~<br />
C<br />
.t^C.<br />
.,/.<br />
paraensi1<br />
220 Flora Neotropica<br />
V<br />
300 (<br />
^]<br />
HABITAT<br />
100 90 80<br />
C. polyandra<br />
Gallery forest _ 'o 5 1<br />
Terra firme forest \ /<br />
IJFMAMJJAS I i I ND<br />
f<br />
FRUIT gi _0I ,<br />
/<br />
110 100 90 80<br />
80 70 6030<br />
HABITAT \<br />
10 Terra firme forest -<br />
C. racemosa<br />
Seasonally flooded forest<br />
Secondary forest<br />
'/ \ L<br />
White sand forest or campina / \ / ///<br />
| tJ]FMMIAIMIJM|J|ASS ) IQI A ) \<br />
L1I<br />
\<br />
L<br />
FG80 1.Dsrb60 70<br />
50<br />
FIG. 113. Distribution of Couepia polyandra and C. racemosa.
Distribution Maps 221<br />
80 70 5<br />
C. recurva C. reflexa<br />
'1 O0<br />
0 HABIT^__AT RinHABITAT<br />
Montane & Cloud forest Terra firme forest<br />
JIFIM_AMJ J JASOND JA<br />
FRUIT ____I _i_<br />
FLOWER _ *<br />
_<br />
/<br />
/<br />
_ / _ =_ _<br />
IJ JFIMIAIMIJIJIAISO ND<br />
IFRUIT I I<br />
IFLOWER _ I Il G!<br />
/<br />
/<br />
I u<br />
70u<br />
60 50 50 40<br />
FIG. 14. Distribution of Couepia recurva, C. robusta, C. refexa, and C. rufa.<br />
^V^ V HABITAT<br />
HABITAT<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
Restinga<br />
^<br />
__<br />
~<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
JFIMIAIMIJIJ IAISIOINIDI JJ'' '''t JFMAMJJASJND A - 1 - -<br />
FRUIT I I I I I /I IFRUIT I<br />
LFLOWE^ 4 : 1 i"i:iii ll FLowER-g I --:<br />
bUG 14Dsiu 50 ru 40<br />
FIG. 114. Distribution of Couepia recurva, C. reflexa, C. robusta, and C. rufa.<br />
g
222 Flora Neotropica<br />
~_______0__________ 50 40<br />
C. sandwithii C. schottii<br />
10<br />
0<br />
c. scottmorii 00 c.?i~~~~~~~ ..... s<br />
\<br />
HABITAT J ,<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
./ . . .HABITAT<br />
I Terra firme forest<br />
F<br />
JIG IM<br />
AtJIAISION D<br />
\s IhIFI IJIFIMAIMIJ JIAISId NID<br />
FRUIT I i I I I 1 I I<br />
FLOWERI i I ll I i<br />
60<br />
FRUI I I T<br />
ll I FLOWERS<br />
1_<br />
40<br />
.__ 80 70 60<br />
FI 1 C. scottmorii and spicatai C.<br />
HABITAT HABITAT ..<br />
Montane & Cloud forest 10 Terra firme forest. . .........<br />
FRUIT I II<br />
FLOWER ::::::g:FSII::<br />
II<br />
ler<br />
I I FRUIT HIT 1/<br />
-LOWER<br />
80 70 go<br />
FIG. 115. Distribution of Couepia sandwithii, C. schottii, C. scottmorii, and C spicata.
Distribution Maps<br />
10 1o<br />
60 ,<br />
C. steyermarkii C. stipularis<br />
I -<br />
(<br />
Montane oud forest\ Terra firme forest<br />
FRUIT<br />
_-<br />
--- IFIMAIM JAso<br />
I I I<br />
_<br />
ND<br />
_<br />
/)<br />
- -<br />
I<br />
_<br />
/ FRUIT<br />
___<br />
JIFIMAMJIJ IAI S<br />
Il /I) I<br />
I<br />
N \<br />
60<br />
60<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
{err/ ,;M:jAO:<br />
JFR MA! l i IAI<br />
-:<br />
/y'.<br />
I<br />
'<br />
\-'. sub/rd C.<br />
80 . .o<br />
o 7<br />
50 ..<br />
FIG. 116. Distribution of Couepia steyermarkii, C. stipularis, and C subcordata.<br />
60<br />
223
224 Flora Neotropica<br />
50<br />
70 60 504<br />
HABITAT<br />
C. ulti<br />
^ ilFMIMIJIJ (A)S\ N<br />
--- -; A<br />
2<br />
FRUIT | \TELw R: BiiSjai5i^.)-<br />
|."._<br />
|N|D| . 'I<br />
-.-._<br />
t '--<br />
_ FLO\VER_ : g B <br />
-__<br />
_ ___<br />
-><br />
/<br />
FIG. 117. Distribution of Couepia uiti and C. ulei.<br />
^ -~^<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
FIG. 117. Distbution of Couepia uti and C. ule.
Distribution Maps<br />
60 50 40<br />
C. trapezioana f /jC. venosa<br />
1O ' 0<br />
10.HABITAT<br />
-<br />
--$--hOl I HABITAT<br />
0^nffi^flS^<br />
t030 ^<br />
FLOWERI I I I I I I I * I I I L\ FLOWER g I 111 _<br />
FI.180 Do 70no 6CtCvna adCwlimi<br />
i 0<br />
60 4U 50<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
225
100 90 80 70 60<br />
-----------<br />
HABITAT<br />
10 Rheophyte<br />
Montane & Cloud forest<br />
0<br />
------------- H<br />
A 0;S 0<br />
10 White sand orest or campina Atazonian caatinga<br />
avanna margins<br />
Savanna<br />
Cerrado.......<br />
.<br />
Secondary forest<br />
Coastal thickets ____<br />
Arid formations. caatinaa<br />
2 White sand forest or campina<br />
Terra firma forest<br />
\ - -<br />
Gallery forest Distributionoe<br />
margenus<br />
Slope forest<br />
Beaches<br />
Restinga<br />
Seasonally flooded forest<br />
FIG. 119.<br />
100 90 80 70 050<br />
FIG. 119. Distribution of the genus
Distribution Maps<br />
in<br />
70 60 80<br />
H. adderleyi H. adenophora<br />
7.\^-^^-^g^ ______^ 10-- r,, - ----- T. - - -<br />
0.<br />
JIFIMAIJM,A SOND . ? ^ VIFIMIA JJ AS N ID<br />
FRUIT | IVE (I|FRUIT |II ;<br />
II<br />
!<br />
I I<br />
- FRUIT<br />
1, 1.|,/ I!<br />
,<br />
FLOWER<br />
^^<br />
-<br />
ggggssass8--<br />
US^^<br />
\<br />
-<br />
--O<br />
FL l<br />
IcT OWE0 T I<br />
0<br />
I-<br />
10<br />
90 800 60<br />
10<br />
90 80 70<br />
G. 120. Distribution of Hirtella adderley, H. adenophora, and H. americana.<br />
FRUIT.i<br />
FLOWER 0i<br />
O ,6 o ~ ~ 80706<br />
FIG.120 Ditriutin o Hitela aderlyi,H. denphoa, nd . aeriana<br />
FIG. Distribution 120. of Hirtella adderleyi, H. adenophora, and ame H. ricana.<br />
227<br />
o r o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
lkz v
228 Flora Neotropica<br />
I<br />
. -- -.? , 50 -- ___4__50 40 1 60 50<br />
/ H. angustifolia H. angustissima<br />
~(-'-I)~I<br />
HABITAT /<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
1 HABITAT<br />
TRhophyte<br />
-<br />
FRUI<br />
1~FRUIT<br />
FLOWER I I I 11<br />
fL I I I IFIAIMIJ<br />
I I<br />
JAIS<br />
I I I<br />
ER<br />
ND<br />
60<br />
5^^0 ________4_____508 ,50 0___________0_0______ 80 70<br />
: H. araguariensis H. aramangensis<br />
FiBA<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
F7-- "'^:' T^~ 10<br />
/ yTerra<br />
HABITAT<br />
firme forest<br />
JIFI MAIMJJI|J IAS<br />
FRUIT I<br />
FLOWER .<br />
_FRUI 1--1/<br />
X<br />
I1I I<br />
JAISJOINIDI II IJIF MIAM J<br />
IFRU I J<br />
LOWER i<br />
( oo<br />
i<br />
60 50<br />
I I I i I<br />
80 70<br />
FIG. 121. Distribution of Hirtella angustifolia, H. angustissima, H. araguariensis, and H. aramangensis.<br />
o
Distribution Maps<br />
60 50 40<br />
.-.-'H. arenosa H. bahiensis<br />
10<br />
HABITAT F(AB / ( ( (<br />
White sand forest or campina<br />
J1<br />
HABITAT<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
FRI JIFIMMAI|J IJIAIS oIOIN<br />
'f---j<br />
FRUIT I I I I I I-I IF I I I II<br />
WE'_-<br />
RII<br />
IFLOWER - I I<br />
14/ T-l-I-I ell ,I I I<br />
604U<br />
1170fiAIMIJJ AISIOINIDI<br />
70 _ 50 40<br />
H. barnebyi, H.H. and barrosoi<br />
ID<br />
HABITAT _ ----- >- ---I- F ABITAT<br />
Terra firme forest Terra firme forest<br />
FLOWERIG 12 isrbt o Hrel a , HFL.OahEnRs<br />
FIG. 122. Distribution of Hirtella arenosa, H. bahiensis, H. barnebyi, and H. barrosoi.<br />
2<br />
~<br />
229
230 Flora Neotropica<br />
O<br />
70 60 50 40<br />
ELOWER I/^^ IH. \<br />
bicornis<br />
var. bicornis<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
Restinga<br />
Beaches<br />
Savanna margins<br />
FRUIT<br />
FLOWER<br />
H *<br />
*<br />
f<br />
)<br />
________0<br />
40<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
^V^,^?^J S"^H. bicornis<br />
ST (/ ^var.<br />
pubescens<br />
oO^<br />
^l^ ?<br />
1 Terra firme forest<br />
FIG. 123. Distribution of Hirtella bicornis.<br />
0
Distribution Maps<br />
__?^^"*^^70 80 60 70 60 50<br />
..<br />
........... ......;.'.....~ .<br />
~<br />
JF"IG1Dsb o o( H 70 l<br />
60<br />
1 .1<br />
Gallery forest _<br />
Gallery -^~~` forest M.^^ '^?2<br />
____________<br />
- T^^S.""^ : ^<br />
'erra~~~~~<br />
. ~ .. .<br />
--T^ ^ -<br />
-/- _ _ " _j V<br />
"v *^- -^<br />
fim oet ____ / //^Y( /<br />
"^^- ^ ^ ^<br />
Terra firme forest ..<br />
HG 24 itrbton of HIrelblatan fbucl<br />
Savanna G. 124. Distribution of Hirtella bullata and H. burcheli.<br />
0<br />
231<br />
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
232 Flora Neotropica<br />
70 70 00<br />
Gallery forestGaller<br />
Seasonally flooded forest / -Savanna<br />
forest<br />
margins /<br />
\<br />
) f \<br />
(<br />
70 . _I6 60<br />
,,60<br />
I<br />
, m<br />
/ H. carbonaria io _H. conduplicata10<br />
0 0<br />
\I 0<br />
JIFIMIAMJIJjAISIOINIDI-_ JI JFMA J /F/.' SN<br />
FRUIT FRUIT<br />
FLOWER 15 isl<br />
tggri FbOWER H<br />
c<br />
80<br />
70_60 50<br />
FIG. 125. Distribution of Hirtella brachystachya, H. caduca, H. carbonaria, and conduplicata. H.<br />
FCoastal thicketsI ,_\<br />
HABITAT<br />
Mangallove margins I TGallerra frme forest<br />
FIG. 125. Distribution of Hirtella brachystachya, H. caduca, H. carbonaria, and H. conduplicata.<br />
1<br />
"
Distribution Maps 233<br />
70 60 50 4<br />
^'^X^ -H. ciliata<br />
0 S r 'i 0<br />
HABIT ATi |giii * ^ V<br />
706060 60<br />
H. conferti<strong>flora</strong> O C H. cordifolia<br />
FHABITATG 126.<br />
Gallery forest<br />
Dtbi HiABITAT<br />
&\\''- Savanna<br />
fr a H orflia.<br />
W<br />
0 JIFIMIAMJ IJiAIS OFN D<br />
FRUIT I II A |<br />
FLOFLWERI I I<br />
0 FRUIT<br />
ELWE I I<br />
J F M A JJAS<br />
I<br />
I I :I I /<br />
ND<br />
I > -<br />
FIG. 126. Distribution of Hirtella ciliata, H. conferti<strong>flora</strong>, and H. cordifolia.
234 Flora Neotropica<br />
s40 50<br />
'?.i i<br />
B<br />
H. corymbosa H. couepii<strong>flora</strong><br />
60<br />
60_____________________<br />
40 50 iS-0<br />
_50<br />
o, o H. cowanii o H. deflexa<br />
FHABITATG. 12. D b /fi . "ym HABIT AT<br />
Montane & Clou forestGaller foreste :<br />
JFMAMJJASNP J FIMIAIJ IJASON \[<br />
FRUIT<br />
1) I<br />
FRUIT __I___ I<br />
\<br />
FLOWERI li I /(1 lI_<br />
( FLOWER _~_~__ _ _ ~_ I ( \<br />
60 _ 60<br />
FIG. 127. Distribution of Hirtella corymbosa, H. couepii<strong>flora</strong>, H. cowanii, and H. deflexa.<br />
FIG. 127. Distribution of Hirtella corymbosa, H. couepiifiora, H. cowantii, and H. defiexa.
Distribution Maps<br />
i0m~~~~70<br />
00, .. o H. davisii<br />
Terra firme forest / / / /<br />
80 7 0 60 5 0<br />
"^^H^^'^MB^^"B^^B^^50 0<br />
70 60<br />
rf<br />
1 01<br />
? H. dorvali H. duckei<br />
IW: : F/LOWEg g I I I \<br />
F<br />
FIG. 128. Distribution of Hirtella davisii, H. dorvalii, and H. duckei.<br />
G. 128. Distribution of Hirtella. ds, H. dra, and H. ducke.<br />
235
236<br />
80 70<br />
70<br />
Flora Neotropica<br />
'- H. elongata<br />
Gallery forest Y* 3*3i R<br />
7(, ,2i0 * |<br />
FLO<br />
| ER 80 80 7.0 60 60 50 50 0<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
01 ~ ~ FG 129 Ditiuino itlaeogtn. ...........<br />
Secondary forestI<br />
'<br />
D st riuto1 o l e t an H<br />
Seasonally flooded forest \<br />
JIFIMAIM Jl IAIS OINIDI O N D \ \ I<br />
FRUIT *Ig~ I "~i"' H 1 14 ^\<br />
r<br />
Y-<br />
1<br />
^<br />
\<br />
V<br />
w ^<br />
8U 70 60 50<br />
FIG. 129. Distribution of Hirtella elongata and H. eriandra.
Distribution Maps<br />
80 70 70<br />
?t AH. enneandra ; .. "<br />
H. excels<br />
FRI Y~3 I v I'-v/ _ I I II *y_<br />
y I R<br />
Montane & Cloud forest Terra firme forest-<br />
FRUIT ! I1 I 11 ! FRUIT ? --:7-"'- --<br />
IFLOWER 8 _/__ 0<br />
1 1 I 1<br />
.<br />
i<br />
7 -J<br />
i FLOWER I<br />
0.70<br />
_ 60 , 50 50 40<br />
o H. fasiculata H floribunda<br />
1 FIG.O~~~~~~~~~~~~!<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
. /<br />
\ '<br />
FJI3FIMIAAMIj IJ ^IS ONIDI30IN<br />
J<br />
FRUIT<br />
-<br />
I I -'1 FRUIT I I' I I I<br />
FLOWER_ I I i I)' _ II I :I _<br />
::1 FgLOWER ! I<br />
U 5 74U<br />
FIG. 130. Distribution of Hirtella enneandra, H. excelsa, H. fasciculata, and H. floribunda.<br />
!<br />
237
238 Flora Neotropica<br />
70 60 50<br />
^^^ l-^o^^ ~~~~~~~~~~<br />
1~~~~~~<br />
0~~~~~~~~<br />
0~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
0<br />
1<br />
--<br />
?e<br />
0<br />
O<br />
io '^^^^<br />
3C Savan,a<br />
f<br />
"^ --<br />
FRUIT ~ ~~ ~<br />
0<br />
/<br />
H. glandulosa<br />
o 0<br />
. ... . .. .. .. ........::<br />
BITAT~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
J F A J JA<br />
'p ^ 7 - ~ Y ~ - V -T^ -<br />
:;_____________\ ^--( .... ..<br />
----<br />
1 y Y *<br />
I I<br />
!Savanna margins _____ iip~ Y7 ^ - ~ - - ~ ^<br />
i<br />
,FLOWERlell!iillell!l~ele!tel iele!ll elel30 llllel ...._F l RUIT<br />
70 60 50 40<br />
7-<br />
1<br />
....<br />
..........<br />
------^ '^Z // ~-- -<br />
FIG. 131. Distribution of Hirtella glandulosa.
Distribution Maps 239<br />
60 50<br />
10. btH. glabrata,1 H. glandistipula<br />
HABITAT<br />
avanna<br />
econdary forest HABITA<br />
hite sand forest or campina<br />
1 JFMAF M A Ml J AIS 0 NIDI J-I<br />
FRUIT<br />
FLOWER B 1 /I E 1<br />
6050<br />
0<br />
Terra firme<br />
FRUIT<br />
I FLOWER<br />
forest<br />
MAIMIJIJ IA SkND I )<br />
10<br />
H. glaziovii<br />
5I .-^^ ^^ 8^T^0 ^^0 ^<br />
0<br />
H. guainiae<br />
HABITAT<br />
BITAT<br />
Terra firme forest Terra firme forest<br />
JF AMJJ AS ONDJ<br />
FRUIT I I I I I I I I I<br />
FLOWER ________lgft<br />
____I-I<br />
L_^^^^^^^ ^^40 ^<br />
_<br />
|pFRU ITI<br />
FLOWER<br />
_80<br />
fM J<br />
III /I<br />
M"[ gbbI<br />
SN<br />
1-SSl<br />
-U<br />
0<br />
|<br />
FIG. 132. Distribution of Hirtella glabrata, H. glandistipula, H. glaziovii, and H. guainiae.<br />
0
240 Flora Neotropica<br />
70 60 50<br />
A/ / -/ ',,\H. . gracilipes<br />
1~_ ____ 90_________ 80 _ _ __ 60__ 0<br />
1<br />
F iraH. guatemalensis H. a guyanensis<br />
L<br />
WER f:g<br />
FIG0 I<br />
. ::<br />
.. :'<br />
.......... .<br />
FIG.90 133. D n of0 l<br />
60<br />
FIG. 133. Distribution of Hirtella H. guatemalensis, gracilipes,<br />
and H. guyanensis.
Distribution Maps<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
^^^^:^?<br />
4<br />
0<br />
H. hispidula 10<br />
FRU IT<br />
aiFLOWER<br />
50__.o 80<br />
iFLOWER<br />
70<br />
FLOWER<br />
60<br />
50 4 40<br />
_<br />
60 50<br />
0<br />
FIG. 134. Distribution of Hirtella hispidula, H. hebeclada, and H hoeh nei<br />
H.hoHAeIThAT-<br />
50 40 1 60 50<br />
0<br />
241
242 Flora Neotropica<br />
50 40 60 %/ ir50u<br />
H. insignis<br />
H. juruensis<br />
10~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~10<br />
AT.T.-..<br />
.. . . ....<br />
1 0<br />
BITAT<br />
Restinga - J/ I<br />
FRUIT<br />
FLOWERI Ii- 1I1111 ____<br />
FRUIT<br />
'FLOWER<br />
I<br />
40__ 60 50<br />
60 50 50 40<br />
H. kuhimannii H. lancifolia<br />
0 ABITAT 10<br />
HABSecondary<br />
forest<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
IJFMIAIMIJJIAISOINID<br />
FRUIT<br />
/n\<br />
!FRUIT I II<br />
FLOWER _I _ /<br />
60 50<br />
(<br />
I_<br />
I<br />
T erra firme forest<br />
JFMA^JJA -/,IS A s<br />
I!<br />
)FLOWER .<br />
_ 50<br />
^<br />
o<br />
40<br />
/<br />
FIG. 135. Distribution of Hirtella insignis, H. juruensis, H. kuhlmannii, and H. lancifolia.<br />
0<br />
0
Distribution Maps<br />
80 70 80<br />
{FLOWER-- -H. = latifolia<br />
H. lemsii<br />
10 -M 010 0<br />
70<br />
0<br />
V<br />
0/D~~ 0<br />
Terra firme forest Terra firme forest<br />
H. leonotis H. liesneri<br />
Terra firme forest Slope forest /<br />
FRI<br />
J3FM. AJDJAoND I IJFM JAI SH N sn .<br />
II<br />
|FLOWER _I- 1Fl<br />
70^<br />
I I I I I LOWE II<br />
7 - I<br />
O I I I I FRUIT I-I I I [:L -<br />
FIG. 136. Distribution of Hirtella latifolia, H. lemsii, H. leonotis, and H. liesneri.<br />
0<br />
243
244 Flora Neotropica<br />
70 70<br />
- H. lightioides H. longifolia<br />
10, 7 6-- 10<br />
Terra firme forestfHtligod,H Amazonian caatinga t,a .<br />
FRUIT I FRUIT<br />
70 70__________<br />
____7_______60 _60_______________ 50<br />
HABIT AT L '<br />
H. longipedicellata 0 H. macrosepala 0<br />
Savanna margins F _ITAT<br />
Slope forest Terra firme forest<br />
J(FIMMAIMIJJAS OND J JASON D .....<br />
FRUIT<br />
FLOWER<br />
L:::I:<br />
I_^ I ^ .w<br />
"<br />
\<br />
TR-U RUT- --------R 10I I<br />
FLOWER<br />
_60 70 60<br />
50<br />
FIG. 137. Distribution of Hirtella lightioides, H. longifolia, H. longipedicellata, and H. macrosepala.<br />
0<br />
3
Distribution Maps<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
_0 _Secondary ,<br />
forest :<br />
........,,<br />
H. magnifoliaS:7-<br />
.<br />
H. macrophylla H.<br />
880 70 60 50<br />
.<br />
1. H. magnifolia a nd H. margae<br />
Seasona firme foodrest Terra fe fos ' 0<br />
I IJIFFIMIAIMIJI JIAISO\ NII<br />
/<br />
~<br />
rFLOWERFI I I = = =II _\ = il !.'?"<br />
F<br />
b o<br />
G80 70<br />
HABITAT \<br />
F0A<br />
Terra firme forest Terra firme forest<br />
FRUIT<br />
FLOWER<br />
____________<br />
_ _<br />
^\ )<br />
--<br />
FRUIT *_ I<br />
FLOWER_<br />
80 70 6U 56<br />
FIG. 138. Distribution of Hirtella macroPhylla, H. magnifolia, and H. margae.<br />
.<br />
245
246 Flora Neotropica<br />
?10F<br />
50 40 60 50<br />
- H-. martiana > H. mucronata<br />
0<br />
..<br />
........<br />
HABITAT- - .....<br />
Swamps<br />
Gallery forest .<br />
I HABITAT<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
10<br />
|J|FIM|A|MIJJ IJIAISIA |A|S|O|N|D| NID I<br />
FRUIT 1 1 1 I I<br />
FLOWERI 0g;ggg I lO 1 1<br />
I I<br />
J F_ AIQJ<br />
FRUIT _<br />
LFLOWER<br />
F<br />
_<br />
-----<br />
40<br />
g<br />
50<br />
J<br />
10<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
.0<br />
H. mutisii H. myrmecophila<br />
10<br />
'erra firme forest __[erra firme forest 1 j<br />
0<br />
"~/U<br />
b'HABIT_T U<br />
....o<br />
FIG. 139. Distribution of Hirtella martiana, H. mucronata, H. mutis, and<br />
H. myrmecophla.<br />
FIG. 139. Distribution of Hirtella martiana, H. mucronata, H. mutisii, and H. myrmecophila.
Distribution Maps<br />
(,.<br />
60 50 60<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
H. obidensis H. orbicularis<br />
%<br />
o ,<br />
Montane & Cloud forest<br />
HG. 10 itbtnbor s H. paniculata<br />
1 03<br />
FRU II F L O,...<br />
80 7060 50<br />
FIG. 140. Distribution of Hirtella obidensis, H. orbicularis, and H. paniculata.<br />
FIG. 140. Distribution of Hirtella obidensis, H. orbicularis, and H. paniculata.<br />
247
248 Flora Neotropica<br />
0.<br />
50 50 40<br />
,)<br />
:<br />
H. paraensis<br />
FHABITAT / /I HABTij<br />
50 50<br />
--<br />
0<br />
H. parviunguis<br />
402<br />
90 80 70 60<br />
G 1 H. pauci<strong>flora</strong> C<br />
' H. pendula<br />
0 (.<br />
0 0<br />
1j^^V^-\J^ Id. HABII-AT t-II0HABITAT ^ -^'0 0<br />
Terra firme forest . Terra firme forest<br />
ZZZZ J AIJ I J I A NID0 0 "^<br />
/
Distribution Maps 249<br />
0<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
Terrafirme for t,,.<br />
F 2 i7<br />
I IJIFIG. JIJ IoI S li<br />
6.<br />
..<br />
. 5<br />
FIG 142. Distribution of Hirtella ilosissima and H. physophora.<br />
FG14.Dsrbto n of Hit piloism el n Hhspoa
250 Flora Neotropica<br />
70 60 60 50<br />
H. pimichina H. piresi<br />
l ..<br />
HABITAT? // /J -HABITA.. /r^<br />
Savanna margins<br />
/ _ _,__.~_T .......f^<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
1FRUI<br />
JFIF AM AJ T J AS N ND)<br />
1FMAJ F=<br />
FRUI T<br />
AI<br />
I I II I I<br />
1 ~i10 ^s:^.<br />
0~~~O7<br />
---<br />
FIGOW 143. . Distributn of H . a p<br />
pii H. p til , ad H. r mii<br />
'C<br />
60 50 70<br />
FIG. 143. Distribution of Hirtella pimichina, H. piresii, H. punctillata, and H. radamii.<br />
0
100 90<br />
l2( C^^^^^--^^ .~ C:<br />
10<br />
10: BI TATI<br />
80,<br />
70 60<br />
o , H. r<br />
....' .......<br />
White sand forest or campina( /<br />
Terra JSav '7nna firme forest'-' " =l )<br />
/---i- -J<br />
\<br />
Savanna margins~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^<br />
FRUIT -I i ***__* **, ,\ . ;<br />
FLOWER<br />
100 90 80 70 60<br />
FIG. 144. Distribution of Hirtella racemosa var. hexandra.
252 Flora Neotropica<br />
10 10<br />
^^^P^^^ ?^<br />
10 '[<br />
80 70 60 50<br />
*
Distribution Maps 253<br />
80 70 50<br />
/ H. racemosa H. racemosa<br />
var. glandipedicellata var. hispida<br />
80 - 10 .. ....<br />
l , (e<br />
20 HABITAT-<br />
-<br />
20<br />
FRUIT II11I<br />
FLOWER<br />
II I I<br />
~<br />
I<br />
F<br />
80 70 ...... 50<br />
80 70 80 70<br />
? ^<br />
.<br />
.0<br />
rasa<br />
' 0<br />
Ho e H -H. rasa revillae<br />
0<br />
| | | | /: H. revillae<br />
20 HABITAT<br />
Terra SlopTerra firme fiorest forest<br />
..<br />
( ,\ '<br />
BITAT<br />
White White sand forest or campina campi'"'<br />
JIFIMAMJ IJIAS - JFMAJJASND"<br />
FIG. 146. Distribution of Hirtella racemosa var. glandipedicellata, H. racemosa var. hispida, H. rasa, and<br />
H. revillae.<br />
'<br />
/U<br />
sIa'!j;l~ 7h'te<br />
; o0<br />
IJ;ANi.,'<br />
FRUIT UIT I<br />
FLOWER! i I IFLOWRI I I I I,<br />
70 80
254 Flora Neotropica<br />
70 60 70 60<br />
H. rodriguesii<br />
''I Wl" I I0I<br />
HAB17AT-^4' /Bi\ 'TTHABITAT ~<br />
><br />
f<br />
Terra firme forest \Montane & Cloud forest -<br />
JIFIMIAIMIJIJIAISND\ J IIAIMJ IAISoNI<br />
H. rugosa<br />
50 40 I 80 70<br />
G 1... H. santosii r a H. a scaberula<br />
^0 0<br />
HABITAT^k \ --:????./<br />
0.ABITAT<br />
Terra firme forest Amazonian caatinga<br />
J IFIMIAI JI As A oN NJIFIMIA1J I I<br />
I<br />
IJIAISND<br />
FRUIT IFRUIT I I I I I_ I I I<br />
FLOWER __I I I I I I I I ^- FLOWER I_______I I I<br />
4U80 Tu70<br />
FIG. 147. Distribution of Hirtella rodriguesii, H. rugosa, H. santosii, and H. scaberula.<br />
0<br />
I"<br />
.
Distribution Maps 255<br />
10<br />
g H. scabra H. schultesii<br />
10I 120^ .. I I I . y<br />
/<br />
HABITAT<br />
v<br />
^/ ^<br />
Savanna IJ F M J JWSTerra \<br />
firme foresi t<br />
HABITHAT<br />
FRUIT I J i<br />
0<br />
10C0<br />
AS<br />
FLOWER FOlO_WE_ll<br />
I<br />
iT J( Is I<br />
FIG. 148. Distribution of Hirtella scabra,H. H. silicea, schultesi, and H. sprucei<br />
vTerra time forest .Terra firme forest<br />
_~60 _ - bU _ _ 4u<br />
G. 148. Distribution oHirtlla scabra, H. schultesii, silicea, H. and H. sprucei.<br />
FIG. 148. Distribution of Hirtella scabra, H. schultesii, H. silicea, and H. sprucei.<br />
A<br />
.e_<br />
70<br />
M^<br />
'/2<br />
.
256 Flora Neotropica<br />
80 70 70<br />
r H. standleyi H. subglanduligera<br />
~~>FRUIT . LFRUIT- I I- I I _<br />
01r 1 -?c'HxIAS0<br />
__ 8_ 7 _<br />
750_=<br />
71 0 0 -606<br />
0<br />
60 60<br />
HABIT 11\IAT 1<br />
/I I \T-A I L I I I I<br />
NIFLOlWER ___g__ I __I |I<br />
1FLWE T<br />
IE I S I<br />
FIG. 149. Distribution of Hirtella standleyi, H. subglanduligera, H. subscandens, and H. suffulta.<br />
50
Distribution Maps 257<br />
60 50 60 50<br />
H. tentaculata H. tocantina<br />
Seasonally flooded forest<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
JIFIMIAIMI JIJ IAISIOIN eJ<br />
tubifBITAT H.<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
FMAIMIJ IJIAIS I<br />
X<br />
FRUIT _ _ _ _ 6___<br />
FLOWER _ _:_I '*ggS_rl<br />
_<br />
I @1 1I<br />
FRUIT<br />
I =IFL I<br />
//<br />
J<br />
60 50 50<br />
60 50 80<br />
r'oLH. tenuifolia H. tubi<strong>flora</strong><br />
Secondary forest .----^ 1 HABITAT^ -_ /== s<br />
Terra firme forest / . . Terra firme forest >1<br />
IFRUIT I|I I| I IIJ||IN1 1 I l Y JM X 2/ 1 ^^ 1<br />
FIG. 150. Distribution of Hirtella tentaculata, H. tocantina, H. tenuifolia, and H. tubi<strong>flora</strong>.
0<br />
100<br />
/ "I ^ ~<br />
90_ 80 70<br />
Distribution Maps<br />
90 50 40<br />
-H. triandra H triandra<br />
subsp. media20 1 subsp. punctulata<br />
.. .............<br />
HABITAT<br />
Terra firme forestSlope<br />
HABITAT<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
lope forest<br />
forest -<br />
JIFIMIAIMI JJ IAIS OIND<br />
FRUIT<br />
-<br />
_ -- -<br />
L -FRUIT<br />
FLOWER FL~OWERI __ 1 I I@ T1 1l I 1 ___ I I 1 ___ I @<br />
90<br />
I<br />
IJ IFIMAIMIJIJ IAIOI N ID<br />
I I I I I I I I<br />
rILOWERI FLOWERi:::I I I r Bs*g 1 L<br />
40<br />
__<br />
U'-60 70 60<br />
' .. - JH. ulei H. vesiculosa<br />
- 0<br />
-o- -- 0<br />
HABITAT .. ..<br />
Savanna .....<br />
White sand forest or campina /0<br />
Beaches<br />
FRUIT=<br />
FLOWER :<br />
'!<br />
:FLOWER<br />
FR!<br />
70<br />
1 I I I<br />
. I II<br />
I I I<br />
I I /<br />
FIG. 152. Distribution of Hirtella triandra subsp. media, H. triandra subsp. punctulata, H. ulei, and H.<br />
vesiculosa.<br />
,<br />
259
260 Flora Neotropica<br />
ol F RUI<br />
o 1^\-_ ^^<br />
90 8070<br />
-JMaranthes<br />
0 ~~ ~ I-rr<br />
FLOWER I _ _ _<br />
o<br />
_<br />
panamensis 0<br />
Slope forest<br />
Amazonian caatinga<br />
Terra firme forest<br />
__I-80____-70_ _ 60<br />
1<br />
50<br />
FIG. 153. Distribution of Maranthes panamensis and the genus Acioa.<br />
_.<br />
_
Distribution Maps<br />
60 0 o , I50 _7 60_I<br />
-
262 Flora Neotropica<br />
HABITA<br />
'Ir\ 1 )'II i JI)I MJIJ<br />
1' II( ) EL1<br />
\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7<br />
FI.15<br />
sectin; E petl; Lcnadosni(Aeeo& F,ovar andstyl. Inst: dstriutionof ay159.A L ait dodonii<br />
,oenn lwe u;C,foe; ,foe<br />
FIG. 155. Licania dodsonii (Acevedo & Daly 1659). A, habit; B, opening flower bud; C, flower; D, flower<br />
section; E, petal; F, ovary and style. Inset: distribution of L. dodsonii.
Index of Scientific Names 263<br />
apacharama amarillo (Peru) 95<br />
bokobokotokon 89<br />
carip6 torrado 93<br />
castanha de cotia 97<br />
coquito 95<br />
cuero de sapo 59<br />
duship 30<br />
gaulette (Fr. Guiana) 95<br />
guaiti-mirim 59<br />
INDEX OF LOCAL NAMES<br />
lobo apacharama 92<br />
macucurana 95<br />
maeneyowaie (Auka Indian) 20<br />
milho torrado 70<br />
milho-torrado-amarelo 55<br />
mulo (El Salvador) 27<br />
oiti 46, 55, 58<br />
oiti-mirim 57, 77<br />
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES<br />
parinari 58<br />
parinari (Peru) 51<br />
parinari blanco 58, 65<br />
pasista 96<br />
rode kwepi 49<br />
uchirana (Brazil) 65<br />
yakuku 58<br />
yukuku (Peru) 27<br />
New names and combinations are in bold face and synonyms are in italic. Page numbers in bold<br />
face indicate primary page references. Page numbers with an asterisk (*) indicate pages with illus-<br />
trations or maps.<br />
Acia amara 64<br />
Acioa 2, 3, 96, 97, 260*<br />
amara 64<br />
edulis 96, 106, 209*<br />
guianensis 96, 106, 261*<br />
schultesii 96, 106, 261*<br />
somnolens 106, 261*<br />
Arecaceae 53<br />
Barcella odora 53<br />
Caryocaraceae 2<br />
Chrysobalanaceae 2, 3, 4, 91<br />
Chrysobalaneae 3<br />
Chrysobalanus 3, 4<br />
cuspidatus 6, 99, 128*<br />
icaco 3, 4, 6, 99, 127*<br />
interior 4<br />
venezuelanus 4, 5*, 6, 99, 128*<br />
Clusia 70<br />
Colpothrinax cookii 70<br />
Couepia 59, 64, 65, 72, 97, 203*<br />
amaralae 72, 73*, 104, 204*<br />
belemii 71, 103, 204*<br />
bernardii 65, 66, 68, 103, 204*<br />
bondarii 70, 74, 104, 204*<br />
bracteosa 103, 205*<br />
canescens 68, 72, 103, 205*<br />
canomensis 103, 205*<br />
carautae 70, 71*, 103, 206*<br />
caryophylloides 72, 103, 206*<br />
subsp. caryophylloides 72, 103<br />
subsp. glabra 72, 103<br />
cataractae 103, 206*<br />
chrysocalyx 104, 207*<br />
cidiana 74, 104, 206*<br />
coarctata 77, 78*, 104, 207*<br />
cognata 68, 104, 208*<br />
var. cognata 68, 104, 208*<br />
var. major 104, 208*<br />
var. membranacea 104, 208*<br />
comosa 76, 104, 207*<br />
divaricata 65<br />
divaricata var. strictiuscula 65<br />
dolichopoda 75, 76, 104, 208*<br />
edulis 2, 96<br />
elata 104, 209*<br />
eriantha 104, 209*<br />
excelsa 103, 209*<br />
exflexa 103, 210*<br />
foveolata 72, 103, 210*<br />
froesii 104, 210*<br />
glabra 74, 75, 104, 210*<br />
glandulosa 65, 103<br />
grandi<strong>flora</strong> 104, 211*<br />
guianensis 64<br />
subsp. divaricata 65, 103, 211*<br />
subsp. glandulosa 64, 103, 212*<br />
subsp. guianensis 64, 103, 212*<br />
habrantha 70, 103, 213*<br />
impressa 77, 104, 213*<br />
subsp. cabraliae 77, 104, 213*<br />
subsp. impressa 104, 213*<br />
insignis 70, 74, 104, 213*<br />
krukovii 72, 103, 214*<br />
latifolia 104, 214*<br />
leptostachya 64, 103<br />
longipendula 76, 104, 214*<br />
longipetiolata 77, 79, 104, 214*<br />
macrophylla 72, 103, 215*<br />
magnoliifolia 70, 103, 215*<br />
maguirei 103, 215*<br />
marleneae 75, 104, 215*<br />
martinii 74, 104, 216*<br />
meridionalis 77, 79, 104, 216*<br />
monteclarensis 66, 67*, 68, 103<br />
multi<strong>flora</strong> 104, 216*<br />
myrtifolia 65<br />
nutans 76, 104, 216*<br />
obovata 65, 66, 104, 217*<br />
ovalifolia 104, 218*<br />
paraensis 219*
264<br />
subsp. cerradoanda 103, 219*<br />
subsp. glaucescens 103, 219<br />
subsp. paraensis 103, 219*<br />
parillo 39, 103, 217*<br />
parvifolia 104, 218*<br />
perambucensis 79, 104, 218*<br />
platycalyx 76, 104, 218*<br />
polyandra 76, 104, 220*<br />
racemosa 104, 220*<br />
recurva 74, 104, 221*<br />
reflexa 65, 70, 104, 221*<br />
robusta 104, 221*<br />
rufa 104, 221*<br />
sandwithii 65, 66, 68, 103, 222*<br />
schottii 79, 104, 222*<br />
scottmorii 68, 69*, 103, 222*<br />
spicata 70, 103, 222*<br />
steyermarkii 72, 103, 223*<br />
stipularis 104, 223*<br />
subcordata 103, 223*<br />
surinamensis 64<br />
trapezioana 75, 104, 225*<br />
uiti 103, 224*<br />
ulei 104, 224*<br />
venosa 104, 225*<br />
versicolor 64<br />
williamsii 75, 104, 225*<br />
Dactyladenia 2, 3<br />
Dichapetalaceae 2<br />
Exellodendron 59, 200*<br />
barbatum 59, 103, 201*<br />
cordatum 59, 103, 201*<br />
coriaceum 59, 103, 202*<br />
gardneri 59, 103, 202*<br />
gracile 59, 103, 202*<br />
Hirtella 79, 91, 92, 226*<br />
adderleyi 88, 91, 105, 227*<br />
adenophora 106, 227*<br />
americana 91, 105, 227*<br />
angustifolia 95, 106, 228*<br />
angustissima 105, 228*<br />
araguariensis 88, 89, 105, 228*<br />
aramangensis 105, 228*<br />
arenosa 93, 106, 229*<br />
bahiensis 92, 105, 229*<br />
bamebyi 88, 105, 229*<br />
barrosoi 105, 229*<br />
bicoris 105, 230*<br />
var. bicomis 105, 230*<br />
var. pubescens 105, 230*<br />
brachystachya 106, 232*<br />
bullata 105, 231*<br />
burchellii 106, 231*<br />
caduca 106, 232*<br />
carbonaria 105, 232*<br />
ciliata 105, 223*<br />
cliffortiana 106<br />
condifolia 105, 233*<br />
conduplicata 93, 106, 232*<br />
conferti<strong>flora</strong> 87, 88, 105, 233*<br />
cordifolia 105, 233*<br />
corymbosa 91, 105, 234*<br />
couepii<strong>flora</strong> 95, 106, 234*<br />
cowanii 105, 234*<br />
davisii 91, 105, 235*<br />
deflexa 105, 234*<br />
dorvalii 87, 104, 235*<br />
duckei 87, 104, 235*<br />
elongata 88, 92, 105, 236*<br />
enneandra 106, 237*<br />
eriandra 88, 92, 105, 236*<br />
excelsa 95, 106, 237*<br />
fasciculata 106, 237*<br />
floribunda 106, 237*<br />
glabrata 88, 104, 239*<br />
glandistipula 106, 239*<br />
glandulosa 105, 238*<br />
glaziovii 95, 106, 239*<br />
gracilipes 106, 240*<br />
guainiae 104, 239*<br />
guatemalensis 105, 240*<br />
guyanensis 105, 240*<br />
hebeclada 106, 241*<br />
hispidula 106, 241*<br />
hoehnei 105, 241*<br />
insignis 89, 105, 242*<br />
juruensis 106, 242*<br />
kuhlmannii 94, 106, 242*<br />
lancifolia 106, 242*<br />
latifolia 105, 243*<br />
lemsii 94, 106, 243*<br />
leonotis 92, 105, 243*<br />
liesneri 89, 90*, 105, 243*<br />
lightioides 105, 244*<br />
longifolia 106, 244*<br />
longipedicellata 106, 244*<br />
macrophylla 105, 245*<br />
macrosepala 104, 244*<br />
magnifolia 92, 105, 245*<br />
margae 88, 105, 245*<br />
martiana 95, 106, 246*<br />
megacarpa 106<br />
mucronata 94, 106, 246*<br />
mutisii 105, 246*<br />
myrmecophila 104, 246*<br />
obidensis 105, 247*<br />
orbicularis 105, 247*<br />
paniculata 105, 247*<br />
paraensis 106, 248*<br />
parviunguis 94, 95, 106, 248*<br />
pauci<strong>flora</strong> 95, 106, 248*<br />
pendula 105, 248*<br />
physophora 87, 104, 249*<br />
pilosissima 105, 249*<br />
pimichina 106, 250*<br />
piresii 105, 250*<br />
pohlii 106<br />
punctillata 91, 105, 250*<br />
racemosa 93, 106<br />
var. glandipedicellata 106, 253*<br />
var. hexandra 94, 106, 251*<br />
var. hispida 94, 106, 253*<br />
var. racemosa 94, 106, 252*<br />
radamii 93, 105, 250*<br />
rasa 92, 105, 253*<br />
revillae 87, 104, 253*<br />
rodriguesii 105, 254*<br />
rugosa 106, 254*<br />
santosii 91, 105, 254*<br />
scaberula 106, 254*<br />
Flora Neotropica
Index of Scientific Names 265<br />
scabra 105, 255*<br />
schultesii 106, 255*<br />
sect. Myrmecophila 79, 87<br />
silicea 106, 255*<br />
sprucei 106, 255*<br />
standleyi 106, 256*<br />
subglanduligera 105, 256*<br />
subscandens 106, 256*<br />
suffulta 105, 256*<br />
tentaculata 105, 257*<br />
tenuifolia 93, 105, 257*<br />
tocantina 105, 257*<br />
triandra 105<br />
subsp. media 105, 259*<br />
subsp. punctulata 105, 259*<br />
subsp. triandra 105, 258*<br />
tubi<strong>flora</strong> 95, 106, 257*<br />
ulei 104, 259*<br />
vesiculosa 104, 259*<br />
zanzibarica 106<br />
Licania 3, 6, 39, 72<br />
subg. Licania 36, 39, 44, 47, 48<br />
sect. Cymosa 44, 45, 46<br />
sect. Hirsuta 36, 39<br />
sect. Hymenopus 39<br />
sect. Licania 48, 53, 54<br />
sect. Pulverulenta 47, 48<br />
subg. Moquilea 19, 24, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36<br />
sect. Leptobalanus 32, 34<br />
sect. Microdesmia 30, 35, 36<br />
sect. Moquilea 19, 20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35<br />
subg. Parinariopsis 6, 11<br />
affinis 47, 59, 101, 129*<br />
alba 101, 129*<br />
albi<strong>flora</strong> 35, 100, 130*<br />
amapaensis 56, 102, 130*<br />
angustata 28, 99, 130*<br />
anneae 27, 99, 130*<br />
apetala 3, 32, 34, 99<br />
var. aperta 32, 99, 131*<br />
var. apetala 99, 131*<br />
apiculata 102, 132*<br />
aracaensis 51, 102, 132*<br />
arachnoidea 39, 46, 100, 132*<br />
araneosa 36, 100, 132*<br />
arborea 35, 100, 133*<br />
arianeae 44, 45*, 101, 134*<br />
bahiensis 102, 134*<br />
belemii 55, 102, 134*<br />
bellingtonii 48, 101, 134*<br />
blackii 55, 102, 135*<br />
boliviensis 99, 135*<br />
boyanii 101, 135*<br />
bracteata 51, 102, 136*<br />
britteniana 99, 136*<br />
buxifolia 47, 101, 136*<br />
cabrerae 20, 24, 26, 99, 137*<br />
caldasiana 102, 137*<br />
calvescens 35, 100, 137*<br />
canescens 101, 138*<br />
caudata 39, 40, 100, 138*<br />
cecidiophora 29, 30, 99, 137*<br />
chiriquiensis 28, 29, 99, 140*<br />
chocoensis 100, 140*<br />
compacta 102, 140*<br />
cordata 101, 140*<br />
coriacea 101, 139*<br />
costaricensis 100, 139*<br />
couepiifolia 48, 101, 139*<br />
crassivenia 49, 101, 139*<br />
cruegeriana 55, 102, 141*<br />
cuatrecasasii 33, 100, 141*<br />
cuprea 45, 101, 141*<br />
cuspidata 99, 141*<br />
cyathodes 101, 142*<br />
cymosa 46, 53, 101, 142*<br />
davillifolia 101, 142*<br />
dealbata 46, 101, 142*<br />
densi<strong>flora</strong> 101, 143*<br />
discolor 102, 143*<br />
divaricata 100, 143*<br />
dodsonii 27, 99, 262*<br />
durifolia 20, 22, 26, 55, 99, 143*<br />
egleri 99, 144*<br />
elliptica 101, 144*<br />
emarginata 100, 145*<br />
fanshawei 44, 101, 145*<br />
fasciculata 24, 26, 99, 145*<br />
filomenoi 20, 21*, 22, 99, 145*<br />
foldatsii 101, 146*<br />
foveolata 100, 146*<br />
fritschii 99, 146*<br />
fuchsii 100, 146*<br />
furfuracea 47, 101, 147*<br />
fusicarpa 102<br />
gardneri 99, 147*<br />
gentryi 20, 24, 99, 147*<br />
glabri<strong>flora</strong> 40, 100, 148*<br />
glabrifolia (sphalm.) 40<br />
glauca 101, 148*<br />
glazioviana 100, 148*<br />
gonzalezii 28, 99, 149*<br />
gracilipes 101, 149*<br />
grandibracteata 20, 22, 23*, 99, 149*<br />
granvillei 32, 99, 149*<br />
guatemalensis 29, 99, 150*<br />
guianensis 39, 99, 150*<br />
harlingii 55, 102, 150*<br />
hebantha 49, 101, 153*<br />
heteromorpha 40, 41, 42<br />
var. glabra 100, 152*<br />
var. heteromorpha 100, 151*<br />
var. perplexans 100, 152*<br />
var. revoluta 40, 100<br />
var. subcordata 100, 152*<br />
hirsuta 36, 100, 153*<br />
hispida 37, 38*, 100, 153*<br />
hitchcockii 101, 153*<br />
hoehnei 102, 154*<br />
humilis 100, 154*<br />
hypoleuca 46, 101, 155*<br />
var. foveolata 101, 155*<br />
var. hypoleuca 101, 155*<br />
impressa 46, 55, 101, 156*<br />
incana 54, 102, 156*<br />
indurata 102, 156*<br />
inpae 156*<br />
intrapetiolaris 41, 100, 157*<br />
irwinii 101, 157*<br />
jefensis 32, 99, 157*
266 Flora Neotropica<br />
jimenezii 49, 101, 157*<br />
joseramosii 34, 100, 158*<br />
kallunkiae 28, 29, 99, 158*<br />
klugii 26, 99, 158*<br />
krukovii 100, 158*<br />
kunthiana 101, 159*<br />
laevigata 41*, 42, 100, 169*<br />
lamentanda 51, 52*, 102, 160*<br />
lanceolata 53, 102, 160*<br />
lasseri 100, 161*<br />
lata 99, 160*<br />
latifolia 100, 161*<br />
latistipula 40, 100, 161*<br />
laxi<strong>flora</strong> 101, 162*<br />
leptostachya 53, 54, 102, 163*<br />
leucosepala 27, 99, 162*<br />
licanii<strong>flora</strong> 100, 163*<br />
littoralis 101, 164*<br />
var. cuneata 101<br />
var. littoralis 101<br />
longipedicellata 27, 35, 99, 164*<br />
longipetala 30, 99, 164*<br />
longistyla 35, 100, 165*<br />
macrocarpa 19, 20, 22, 26, 99, 166*<br />
macrophylla 100, 165*<br />
maguirei 99, 166*<br />
majuscula 101, 166*<br />
maranhensis 99*, 167*<br />
maritima 19, 20, 26, 99, 166*<br />
marleneae 44, 101, 167*<br />
maxima 102, 167*<br />
membranacea 101, 168*<br />
mexicana 34, 100, 167*<br />
michauxii 3, 99, 168*<br />
micrantha 51, 102, 170*<br />
microphylla 102, 168*<br />
miltonii 40, 100, 171*<br />
minuscula 100, 170*<br />
minuti<strong>flora</strong> 27, 28, 29, 99, 171*<br />
mollis 102, 172*<br />
montana 20, 26, 99, 172*<br />
morii 33, 99, 172*<br />
naviculistipula 101, 172*<br />
nelsonii 53, 54*, 102, 169*<br />
niloi 101, 173*<br />
nitida 102, 173*<br />
oblongifolia 100, 173*<br />
obtusifolia 102<br />
occultans 42, 100, 169*<br />
octandra 35<br />
subsp. grandifolia 35, 100, 175*<br />
subsp. octandra 35, 100, 174*<br />
subsp. pallida 35, 100, 175*<br />
operculipetala 100, 175<br />
orbicularis 101, 176*<br />
ovalifolia 49, 102, 176*<br />
pakaraimensis 39, 100, 177*<br />
palawanensis 102<br />
pallida 46, 101, 176*<br />
paraensis 54, 102, 177*<br />
parvi<strong>flora</strong> 102, 177*<br />
parvifolia 99, 178*<br />
parvifructa 101, 178*<br />
persaudii 100, 178*<br />
piresii 46, 101, 180*<br />
platypus 99, 179*<br />
polita 101, 179*<br />
pruinosa 102, 180*<br />
pyrifolia 99, 180*<br />
reticulata 26, 42, 100, 182*<br />
retifolia 99, 180*<br />
riedelii 46, 102, 182*<br />
rigida 100, 181*<br />
robusta 53, 102, 182*<br />
rodriguesii 102, 183*<br />
roraimensis 102, 183*<br />
rufescens 101, 183*<br />
salicifolia 36, 100, 183*<br />
salzmannii 99, 184*<br />
sandwithii 101, 184*<br />
santosii 46, 101, 184*<br />
savannarum 102, 184*<br />
sclerophylla 100, 185*<br />
silvae 44, 101, 185*<br />
silvatica 100, 186*<br />
sparsipilis 33, 34, 100, 186*<br />
spicata 102, 186*<br />
splendens 102<br />
sprucei 100, 186*<br />
stewardii 50, 102, 187*<br />
steyermarkii 49, 101, 187*<br />
stricta 102, 187*<br />
subarachnophylla 36, 100, 187*<br />
subrotundata 101, 188*<br />
tachirensis 30, 31*, 99, 188*<br />
tambopatensis 36, 37*, 100, 169*<br />
teixeirae 47, 48*, 101, 188*<br />
tepuiensis 102, 188*<br />
teratensis 101, 189*<br />
tocantina 50, 102, 189*<br />
tomentosa 99, 189*<br />
triandra 50, 102, 190*<br />
trigonioides 101, 189*<br />
turbinata 99, 191*<br />
unguiculata 30, 99, 190*<br />
urceolaris 47, 101, 191*<br />
vaupesiana 55, 102, 191*<br />
velata 20, 100, 192*<br />
veneralensis 20, 26, 55, 102, 192*<br />
wurdackii 99, 192*<br />
Maranthes 59<br />
corymbosa 59<br />
panamensis 59, 103, 260*<br />
Moquilea 64<br />
couepia 64<br />
glandulosa 65<br />
Myrtales 3<br />
Neocarya 97<br />
macrophylla 97, 106<br />
Parinari 56, 57, 58, 72, 97, 193*<br />
alvimii 57, 102, 194*<br />
brasiliensis 57, 102, 194*<br />
campestris 57, 102, 194*<br />
canescens 68<br />
cardiophylla 103, 195*<br />
chocoensis 58, 103, 195*
Index of Scientific Names 267<br />
excelsa 57, 102, 196*<br />
klugii 57, 102, 195*<br />
krukovii 65<br />
littoralis 57, 58, 103, 195*<br />
maguirei 58, 103, 197*<br />
montana 102, 197*<br />
obtusifolia 103, 197*<br />
occidentalis 102, 198*<br />
pachyphylla 102, 198*<br />
parilis 58, 103, 198*<br />
parvifolia 103, 198*<br />
rodolphii 57, 102, 199*<br />
romeroi 59, 103, 199*<br />
sprucei 102, 199*<br />
Rosaceae 3<br />
Theales 3
GHILLEAN T. PRANCE<br />
Ghillean T. Prance was born in Suffolk, England. He was educated at Malvern<br />
College in Worcestershire and holds a B.A., M.A., and D.Phil. from Oxford<br />
University.<br />
From 1963 to 1988 he was a staff member of the New York Botanical Garden<br />
and during that time conducted a series of botanical expeditions in Brazilian<br />
Amazonia. He has published 8 books and over 180 scientific and general articles<br />
on plant systematics, plant ecology, ethnobotany and conservation. He is author<br />
of four previous monographs in Flora Neotropica: Chrysobalanaceae (1972), Dichapetalaceae<br />
and Rhabdodendraceae (1972) and Caryocaraceae (1973). He is coauthor<br />
of Lecythidaceae with Scott A. Mori (Part I, 1979 and Part II, in press).<br />
He holds a Fil.Dr. (honoris causa) from Goteborg University and is a Fellow of<br />
the Linnean Society of London and the Explorers Club, a corresponding member<br />
of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and a foreign member of the Royal Danish<br />
Academy of Sciences and Letters. He was Executive Director of Flora Neotropica<br />
from 1975 to 1988 and Director of the New York Botanical Garden Institute of<br />
Economic Botany from 1981 to 1988. He is currently Director of the Royal Botanic<br />
Gardens, Kew, Great Britain.
FLORA NEOTROPICA<br />
Flora Neotropica is designed to present in monographic form taxonomic<br />
accounts of all plants growing spontaneously within the Western Hemisphere<br />
tropics. Geographic, ecologic, cytologic, anatomic, morphologic, chemical, and<br />
economic data will provide complementary information for each contribution.<br />
Bibliography, citation of specimens, and indexes are intended to facilitate con-<br />
sultation.<br />
Monographs of Flora Neotropica will be issued separately without regard to<br />
taxonomic sequence. Each author will be wholly responsible for his or her own<br />
contribution, being restricted only by the general style and form of the work.<br />
Those interested in preparing a monograph for Flora Neotropica must consult<br />
the Staff Committee:<br />
Cryptogams:<br />
Dr. S. Rob Gradstein<br />
Institute of Systematic Botany<br />
Heidelberglaan 2<br />
P.O. Box 80.102<br />
3508 TC Utrecht<br />
The Netherlands<br />
Phanerogams:<br />
Dr. Enrique Forero<br />
Herbarium<br />
Missouri Botanical Garden<br />
P.O. Box 299<br />
St. Louis, Missouri 63166<br />
For further information write to Scott A. Mori, Executive Director, Orga-<br />
nization for Flora Neotropica, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, N.Y.<br />
10458, U.S.A.<br />
Flora Neotropica<br />
Monograph<br />
1 Cowan, B. Swartzia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, $15.00<br />
Swartzieae) (Reprinted 1987)<br />
2 Cuatrecasas, J. Brunelliaceae (Reprinted 1984) $15.00<br />
2 sup. Cuatrecasas, J. Brunelliaceae (Supplement) $21.00<br />
3-5 Singer, R. Omphalinae-Phaeocollybia- $13.00<br />
Strobilomycetaceae<br />
6 Lowy, B. Tremellales (Reprinted 1987) $13.00<br />
6 sup. Lowy, B. Tremellales (Supplement) $ 4.50<br />
7 Berg, C. C. Moraceae, Olmedieae & Brosimeae $18.00<br />
(Reprinted 1985)<br />
8 Maas, P. J. M. Zingiberaceae: Costoideae $13.95<br />
9 Prance, G. T. Chrysobalanaceae $27.95<br />
9S Prance, G. T. Chrysobalanaceae $<br />
10-11 Prance, G. T. Dichapetalaceae & Rhabdodendraceae $13.95<br />
12 Prance, G. T. & Caryocaraceae $ 9.95<br />
Silva, M. F.<br />
13 Rogers, D. J. & Manihot, Manihotoides (Euphorbiaceae) $23.95<br />
Appun, S. G.<br />
14(1) Smith, L. B. & Pitcairioideae (Bromeliaceae) $45.00<br />
Downs, R. J.<br />
14(2) Smith, L. B. & Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) $49.50<br />
Downs, R. J.<br />
14(3) Smith, L. B. & Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae) $65.00<br />
Downs, R. J. (Reprinted 1983)<br />
15 Morley, T. Memecyleae (Melastomataceae) $22.00<br />
16 Farr, M. L. Myxomycetes $22.50<br />
17 Singer, R. Marasmieae (Tricholomataceae) $25.00<br />
18 Maas, P. J. M. Renealmia (Zingiberaceae- $21.00<br />
Zingiberoideae), Costoideae (Additions)<br />
19 Lleras, E. Trigoniaceae $ 7.25<br />
20 Johnston, M. C. & Rhamnus $10.00<br />
Johnston, L. A.
Continued from Cover 3<br />
21 Prance, G. T. & Lecythidaceae-Part I (Asteranthos, $28.00<br />
Mori, S. A. Gustavia, Grias, Allantoma &<br />
Cariniana)<br />
22 Sleumer, H. 0. Flacourtiaceae $47.50<br />
23 Hansen, B. Balanophoraceae $10.50<br />
24 Buritica, P. & Pucciniosireae (Uredinales, Pucciniaceae) $ 7.75<br />
Hennen, J. F.<br />
25 Gentry, A. H. Bignoniaceae-Part I (Crescentieae & $15.75<br />
Tourretieae)<br />
26 Mesa, A. Nolanaceae $12.00<br />
27 Poppendieck, H-H. Cochlospermaceae $ 6.50<br />
28 Pennington, T. D. Meliaceae $65.00<br />
29 Landrum, L. R. Myrceugenia (Myrtaceae) $20.00<br />
30 Gates, B. Banisteriopsis, Diplopterys (Malpighiaceae) $35.00<br />
31 Kubitzki, K. & Lauraceae I (Aniba and Aiouea) $22.50<br />
Renner, S.<br />
32 Singer, R. Hydropus (Basidiomycetes) $25.00<br />
33 Kaastra, R. C. Pilocarpineae (Rutaceae) $31.50<br />
34 Daniel, T. Carlowrightia (Acanthaceae) $20.50<br />
35 Luteyn, J. L. Cavendishia (Ericaceae) $41.00<br />
36 Forero, E. Connaraceae $37.00<br />
37 Paden, J. W. Sarcosomataceae (Pezizales $ 5.50<br />
Sarcoscyphineae)<br />
38 Sleumer, H. 0. Olacaceae $26.00<br />
39 Rogers, G. K. Henriquezieae (Rubiaceae) $25.00<br />
40-42 Maas, P. J. M. et al. Saprophytes, pro parte $49.50<br />
43, 44 Hopkins, H. C. F. Parkia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) $44.75<br />
(one vol.) da Silva, M. F. Dimorphandra (Caesalpiniaceae)<br />
45 Landrum, L. R. Campomanesia, etc. (Myrtaceae) $35.50<br />
46 Hekking, W. H. A. Violaceae. Part I-Rinorea and $40.50<br />
Rinoreocarpus<br />
47 Molau, U. Scrophulariaceae-Part I. Calceolarieae $59.00<br />
48 Todzia, C. A. Chloranthaceae: Hedyosmum $29.00<br />
49 Simpson, B. B. Krameriaceae $<br />
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