Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains

Advisory list of 

environmental weeds of 

coastal plains and heathy 

forests bioregions 

of Victoria

Heading in band 

b Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria

Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains 

and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria 

Contents 

Introduction 1 

Purpose of the list 1 

Limitations 1 

Relationship to statutory lists 1 

Composition of the list and assessment of taxa 2 

Categories of environmental weeds 5 

Arrangement of the list 5 

Column 1: Botanical Name 5 

Column 2: Common Name 5 

Column 3: Ranking Score 5 

Column 4: Listed in the CALP Act 1994 5 

Column 5: Victorian Alert Weed 5 

Column 6: National Alert Weed 5 

Column 7: Weed of National Significance 5 

Statistics 5 

Further information & feedback 6 

Your involvement 6 

Links 6 

Weed identification texts 6 

Citation 6 

Acknowledgments 6 

Bibliography 6 

Census reference 6 

Appendix 1 

Environmental weeds of coastal plains and 

heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed 

alphabetically within risk categories. 7 

Appendix 2 

Environmental weeds of coastal plains 


listed by botanical name. 19 

Appendix 3 

Environmental weeds of coastal plains 


listed by common name. 31 

Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria 

i

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 

Melbourne, March2008 

© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2009 

This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. 

Authorised by the Victorian Government, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne. 

ISBN 978-0-0751362-7-0 

For more information contact the DSE Customer Service Centre 136 186 

Disclaimer 

This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any 

kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise 

from you relying on any information in this publication. 

Accessibility 

If you would like to receive this publication in an accessible format, such as large print or audio, please telephone 136 186, 1800 122 969 (TTY), or 

email customer.service@dse.vic.gov.au 

www.dse.vic.gov.au/weeds 

ii Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria

Introduction 

Weeds are one of the greatest risks to our native bushland, 

national parks and forests. In a global context, invasive plants 

are the second greatest threat to maintenance of biodiversity, 

as they compete with and displace native species, disrupt 

ecological processes such as fire and soil erosion patterns, 

and may alter the genetic composition of native plant 

poulations (Carr 1993). This advisory list will help everyone 

who protects these values by assisting them to understand 

the relative risks posed by different invasive plant species 

and to concentrate their efforts on the species that pose the 

highest risk. 

Preventing new weeds from becoming established is 

the highest priority. This can be done by remaining 

alert and reporting new occurrences. This list may not 

include species in this category, as they are yet to be 

assessed. (EWWG 2007) 

There are at least 970 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, 

hybrids) of weeds that are established in native vegetation 

in Victoria. Around 580 of these threaten biodiversity, 

landscape and/or social values. These species are the subject 

of the advisory lists. A species may be a high risk to coastal 

vegetation but may be much less significant as a weed in 

a wet forest. The relative risk each weed poses has been 

assessed based on the potential effects they have in different 

bioregions. 

Many more species have been introduced to the State and 

some of these are likely to escape their current confines, 

such as a garden or aquarium, and establish in the wild. As 

around 10 new species of plant naturalise in Australia each 

year (Groves et al. 2005), any advice concerning the status 

of weeds in Victoria must be considered as dynamic and will 

be further refined over time as our knowledge about weeds 

improves. 

This list is based on expert opinion. We welcome and value 

feedback about the impacts of weeds in different ecosystems 

so that the list can be further refined. 

In Australia, invasive plants cost the economy $4 billion 

per annum in lost production, contamination and control 

costs with most of these costs occurring in food production 

regions (Sinden et al. 2004). In 2006-2007 in Victoria, 

invasive plants were estimated to cost the agricultural sector 

$253 million per annum with costs mostly attributed to 

reduced productivity and direct costs of control (Australian 

Bureau of Statistics). Although the impact of invasive plants 

on biodiversity assets is enormous, the financial value of 

these losses defies ready calculation. Current costs of invasive 

plants to the Victorian economy are conservatively estimated 

at $300 million per annum. 

Purpose of the list 

This list is intended to provide general advice on the current 

and potential risk associated with plants naturalised in native 

vegetation. 

The information in these lists may assist in the development 

of weed management plans, priority allocation of tasks and 

resources associated with weed control, management and 

extension activities, and policy development. 

Weed lists of this type serve to increase awareness of weed 

invasions and may encourage community members, nongovernment 

organisations, local government and industry to 

become involved in weed management activities associated 

with invasions in native vegetation. 

These lists are relevant to the coastal plains and heathy 

forest bioregions of Victoria (Figure 1). Advisory lists are also 

available for the ranges, inland plains, and mallee bioregions 

of Victoria. A state-wide advisory list of aquatic weeds is also 

available. 

The invasive plants documented in this list are ranked 

to indicate priority for control or management in native 

vegetation. A scoring system based on five key attributes 

was used to score and group species into priority categories. 

Limitations 

• Some species will not be listed as they are new and 

emerging and have not yet been recorded as natualised. 

• Rankings are based on expert opinion and should be seen 

as a guide only. 

• Environmental changes, such as climate change, 

introduction of new pollinators or changed land-use can 

affect the risks posed by exotic plants. 

Relationship to statutory lists 

The primary piece of legislation relating to weed 

management is the Catchment and Land Protection Act 

1994 (CALP Act), which details the approach to declaring 

weeds as noxious. However, many weeds impacting on 

native vegetation have not been declared ‘noxious’. For 

these weeds, management responsibility is contained in the 

environmental objectives of a range of Acts including the 

Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (FFG Act), National 

Parks Act 1975 and Sustainable Forests (Timber) Act 2004. 

This advisory list is not the same as the statutory list of weeds 

documented under the CALP Act. There are neither legal 

requirements nor consequences that flow from inclusion 

of a species in this advisory list, unless the species is already 

listed under other legislation, where legal requirements 

are implied. The CALP Act can be viewed at the Victorian 

Legislation and Parliamentary Documents website 

http://www.dms.dpc.vic.gov.au/ 

‘The invasion of native vegetation by environmental weeds’ is 

listed as a Potentially Threatening Process under the FFG Act. 

Section 4 of the FFG Act states that it is the responsibility of 

all public authorities to have regard to the flora and fauna 

and management objectives of the Act. 


1

Introduction 

The FFG Act also lists establishment of several environmental 

weeds as Potentially Threatening Processes (Pittosporum 

undulatum, Rubus fruticosus, Spartina spp). This Act restricts 

the release or abandonment of prescribed flora into the wild. 

A full list of of Potentially Threatening Processes is published 

on the DSE website (www.dse.vic.gov.au) or is available 

from DSE offices (Customer Service Centre tel. 136 186). 

Composition of the list and assessment 

of taxa 

This advisory list contains 661 invasive plant taxa recorded 

from the Bridgewater, East Gippsland Lowlands, Gippsland 

Plain, Glenelg Plain, Greater Grampians, Otway Plain, 

Warrnambool Plain and Wilsons Promontory bioregions 

(Figure1). Collectively these are referred to as the coastal 

forests and heathy forest bioregions of Victoria. Assessment 

of invasive plants in each of the eight component bioregions 

was not undertaken due to time and budgetary constraints. 

This advisory list is not preceded by other lists, but may 

change in the future as new information on the ecology, 

distribution or impact of particular weed species becomes 

available. Most plants in this advisory list are exotic plants 

indigenous to countries other than Australia. Native plants 

naturalised beyond their pre-settlement distribution are 

included in this list. Species that are poorly known in Victoria 

or dubiously naturalised in native vegetation have been 

excluded from assessment and await further evaluation. It 

is possible that important new and emerging weeds may 

be contained in this group of poorly known plants. These 

species may require assessment as further information and 

resources become available. In this advisory list, several 

mosses are listed but no algae, liverworts, hornworts or 

lichens have been included. This is indicative of the poor 

knowledge-base associated with the distribution, status and 

impact of introduced species within these groups of plants. 

The species presented in this advisory list are recorded 

as naturalised in databases utilised by the Department 

of Sustainability and Environment (Flora Information 

System), Department of Primary Industries (Integrated Pest 

Management System) and Parks Victoria (Environmental 

Information System). While these databases contain 

extensive records of naturalised plants, they are far from 

complete. Invasive plants are generally not well represented 

in herbaria and records, particularly of cryptic, rare or 

newly arrived species, are likely to be poorly documented. 

Submission of new records substantiated with voucher 

material to the National Herbarium of Victoria is encouraged. 

The Victorian Weed Spotter Network provides details on the 

process and linkages available for recording new invasive 

taxa (see http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au). 

2 Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria 

This advisory list focuses on weeds of native vegetation. 

Invasive plants that are restricted to agricultural, horticultural 

or urban environments have been excluded from this 

assessment, although the impacts of weeds in these 

environments can be substantial. 

The ranking scores allocated to each species were generated 

by considering five key attributes: 

• potential for invasion, 

• impact on natural systems, 

• area of potential distribution, 

• range of susceptible habitat types, and 

• rate of dispersal. 

Each key attribute was allocated one of three qualitative 

values (Table 1). Using a sequential ordering process, each 

combination of scores produced a final ranking score 

that ranged from 1 to 243. Species with low final scores 

pose a higher risk to biodiversity than species with high 

final scores. The order of key attributes has a significant 

weighting effect on the final score. Attributes scored first 

carry more weight than those scored later in the process. In 

this way, high risk weeds are those that have a significant 

impact on the vegetation as a whole, not just grow in large 

numbers or replace a few native species. In addition, high 

risk weeds have the potential to spread into many more 

places than they currently occupy, and they do so faster than 

weeds of lesser importance. Therefore, long-established, 

widespread and successful invasive plants that 

occupied most of their range, will be considered less of 

a risk than those that are still increasing in numbers. 

Values allocated to each key attribute were produced by a 

consensus process using three experienced botanists with 

detailed knowledge of the naturalised flora of Victoria. 

While every attempt has been made to allocate accurate 

scoring values, consensus processes are subjective and 

can be prone to error. This scoring process addresses this 

issue by documenting individual attribute scores, allowing 

modifications and re-assessment should contradictory data 

become available. The advisory lists are therefore dynamic 

and will evolve as new information or views are taken into 

consideration. 

Formal risk evaluation using the Victorian Weed Risk 

Assessment Process (Weiss & McLaren 2002) provides a 

sophisticated, evidence-based scoring for the invasion 

potential of plants in Victoria. This process is essential for 

consideration of plants for listing under the CALP Act. 

Formal evaluation requires greater resource investment 

than the methods used for the preparation of advisory lists. 

However, advisory lists can help prioritise the selection of 

species destined for formal weed risk assessment.

Introduction 

Figure 1. Coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions 


3

Introduction 

Table 1. Score allocation criteria for five key attributes. 

Key attribute Scoring criteria 

Potential for 

invasion 

Impact on natural 

systems 

Area of potential 

distribution 

Range of susceptible 

habitat types 

A measure of the ability to invade and persist in natural ecosystems. Native species were scored in 

their naturalised and adventive 1 range only. Species considered non-invasive in native vegetation 

were excluded from further assessment. Many species were segregated for further assessment 

pending additional information or evaluation as they could not be scored with current knowledge. 

Scores 

High Species that readily establish in native vegetation. 

Medium Species with limited capacity to establish in native vegetation 

Low Species with poor ability to establish and persist in native vegetation. Species considered 

incapable of invading native vegetation were excluded from further assessment. 

A measure of the ecological consequences following invasion. 

Scores 

High Species with the ability to cause acute disruption to ecological processes dominate 

vegetation strata and cause severe loss of biodiversity. Rates of biomass accumulation are generally 

high. Multiple cases of invasion with high impact consequence are known or documented. 

Medium Species with the ability to invade native vegetation with low levels of disturbance, cause 

loss of biodiversity. Moderate to high rates of biomass accumulation. Cases of invasion are known 

or the potential to cause biodiversity losses are considered sufficient to warrant suppression. 

Low Species naturalised in native vegetation, but causing minimal disruption to ecological 

processes, losses to biodiversity or their presence is of a transient nature or minimal. 

A measure of the area of unoccupied but potentially suitable habitat available. 

Scores 

Extensive The species has occupied only a small proportion of its potential distribution In Victoria 

and few, if any constraints limit future expansion. 

Moderate The species is well established within its potential range but potential for expansion or 

in-filling is considerable. 

Limited The species has occupied most of it potential range. 

A measure of the number of susceptible vegetation communities within the study area. 

Scores 

High Broad range of vegetation communities susceptible to invasion. Some vegetation 

communities may be more vulnerable than others 

Medium A moderate range of susceptible vegetation communities 

Low Habitat specialists. While the number the vulnerable vegetation communities may be low, 

the impact within susceptible vegetation communities can be substantial. 

Rate of dispersal Human-assisted spread was avoided in this assessment and scoring was based on non-human 

means of dispersal 

Scores 

Rapid Dispersal is rapid and the species is capable of long-distance transport. This is usually 

associated with species with very small seeds, bird-dispersed seeds or wind dispersed seeds. 

Moderate Long-distance dispersal uncommon with most dispersal within confined distances 

from the parent population, for example, water dispersed seed. 

Slow Species with short dispersal ranges, mostly species that propagate only by asexual means or 

produce large seeds that are not transported widely by wind, animals or water. 

1. “Adventive”, as used here, means a species that is not native to and not fully established in a new habitat or environment; locally or temporarily 

naturalized 

4 Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria

Introduction 

An example of scoring attributes: 

Impact on Area of Range of 

Potential natural potential susceptible Rate of Ranking 

Botanical name 

for invasion systems distribution habitats dispersal score 

Senecio angulatus H H M H L 12 

Solanum linnaeanum H M M H M 38 

Solanum pseudocapsicum H M M H H 37 

Sparaxis bulbifera H H M H L 12 

Categories of environmental weeds 

Final ranking scores for environmental weeds were grouped 

into five categories. The score range for each class is as 

follows: 

Ranking Score 

range 

Name 

1–30 Very High Risk Weeds 

31–60 High Risk Weeds 

61–90 Moderately High Risk Weeds 

91–120 Medium Risk Weeds 

121–243 Lower Risk Weeds 

While final scores within each class indicate relative 

importance, it is recommended that weed categories rather 

than individual scores be used to influence management or 

policy directions. 

Arrangement of the list 

This list is presented in three formats. The first lists 

environmental weeds alphabetically within risk categories 

(Appendix 1). The second lists the same species by 

alphabetical order using their botanical name (Appendix 2). 

The third lists the same species by alphabetical order using 

their common name (Appendix 3). 

Column 1: Botanical Name 

The taxonomy amd nomenclature used in this list is based 

on A Cenus of the Vascular Plants of Victoria (Walsh & Stajsic 

2007) and subsequent advice from the National Herbarium 

of Victoria. Ranking scores for invasive plants with more than 

1 variety or cultivar have not been separately undertaken. 

Column 2: Common Name 

The common names listed are mostly those provided in 

authorative publications, particularly the Flora Information 

System of DSE, (the FIS is the only comprehensive list 

of common names in the state) Flora of Victoria (Walsh 

& Entwisle 1994, 1996, 1999), A Handbook of Plants 

in Victoria (Willis 1970, 1973) and other national, state 

and regional floras. The comprehensive text A global 

compendium of weeds (Randall 2002) was also utilised as 

a source for common names. In some cases floras from the 

country of origin of naturalised plants were utilised where no 

Australian name could be located. 

Column 3: Ranking Score 

The ranking score for each species was generated by 

considering five key attributes and allocating one of three 

qualitative values. A sequential ordering process allocated 

a score within the range of 1 to 243. This provides an 

importance rank. 

Column 4: Listed in the CALP Act 

A indicates that the species is listed in the CALP Act 

and as such there are legal requirements associated with 

its trade, spread, management or control 

(http://www.dse.vic.gov.au). 

Column 5: Victorian Alert Weed 

A indicates that the species is listed as a Victorian 

Alert Weed and is under voluntary management schemes 

organised by the Victorian Department of Primary 

Industries (http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au). 

Column 6: National Alert Weed 

A indicates that the species is listed as a National Alert 

Weed (http://www.weeds.gov.au/weeds/lists/alert.html) 

or National Sleeper Weed (http://www.weeds.gov.au/ 

weeds/lists/sleeper.html). 

Column 7: Weed of National Significance 

A indicates that the species is listed as a Weed of 

National Significance (www.weeds.org.au/natsig.htm). 

Statistics 

Category 

Total 

number of 

species 

CALP Act 

listed 

Victorian 

Alert Weeds 

National 

Alert species 

Weeds of 

National 

Significance 

Very 

High Risk 

Weeds 

High Risk 

Weeds 

Moderately 

High Risk 

Weeds 

Medium 

Risk 

Weeds 

Lower 

Risk 

Weeds 

84 43 52 123 355 

5 0 3 0 2 

4 0 3 0 1 

3 0 0 1 1 

18 0 3 0 0 


5

Introduction 

Further information & feedback 

Your involvement 

You are invited to contribute to preventing the establishment 

of new weeds and assisting in the control of established 

weeds. You can assist in prevention by addressing the 

sources of weeds (around 66% have garden origins (Groves 

et al. 2005)), volunteering to assist in Weed Spotting (see 

www.dpi.vic.gov.au) and helping land managers with weed 

control. 

We welcome comments on, and evidence supporting, the 

relative risk of species in different bioregions (DSE Customer 

Service Centre pH. 136 186). 

Links: 

• Weed identification tool – 

http://www.weeds.org.au/weedident.htm 

• Growing low impact garden plants – 

http://www.weeds.org.au/escapees.htm 

• Sustainable Gardening Australia – 

http://www.sgaonline.org.au/ 

Weed identification texts: 

• Blood, K. (2001). Environmental Weeds—A field guide 

for SE Australia. Cooperative Research Centre for Weed 

Management Systems, Adelaide. C H Jerram (Science 

Publishers), Mt Waverley, Victoria. 

• Muyt, A. (2001). Bush Invaders of South-East Australia— 

A guide to the identification and control of environmental 

weeds found in South-east Australia. RG and FJ 

Richardson, Meredith, Victoria. 

• Navie, S. and Adkins, S. (2008). Environmental Weeds of 

Australia – An interactive identification and information 

resource for over 1000 invasive plants. Centre for 

Biological Information Technology, The University of 

Queensland. 

• Richardson, F.J., Richardson, R.G. and Shepherd, R.C.H. 

(2006). Weeds of the South-east—An identification guide 

for Australia. R.G. and F.J. Richardson, Meredith, Victoria. 

• Sinden, J., Jones, R., Hester, S., Odom, D., Kalisch, 

C., James, R. and Cacho, O. (2004). The economic 

impact of weeds in Australia. CRC for Australian Weed 

Management Technical Series No. 8. pp.55. 


Citation 

Adair, R., Cheal, D., White, M. (2008). Advisory list of 

environmental weeds in coastal plains and heathy forest 

bioregions of Victoria. http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/ 

Acknowledgments 

Stephen Platt and Anne Dennis (DSE) provided guidance 

and comment in the development of this advisory list. Geoff 

Carr (Ecology Australia Pty. Ltd) and Paul Gullan (Viridans Pty 

Ltd) provided constructive critical comment on the species 

listings. This list was intitially supported with funding from 

the Weeds and Pests on Public Land Initiative. 

Bibliography 

• Environmental Weed Working Group. (2007). Guidelines 

and procedures for managing the environmental impacts 

of weeds on public land in Victoria 2007. Department of 

Sustainability and Environment, Melbourne. 

• Groves, R.H., Boden, R. and Lonsdale, W.M. (2005). 

Jumping the garden fence. Invasive garden plants in 

Australia and their environmental and agricultural 

impacts. CSIRO report prepared for WWF-Australia. 

WWF-Australia, Sydney. 

• Randall, R. (2002). A global compendium of weeds. 

R.G. & F.J. Richardson. 905 pp. 

• 

Walsh, N.G. and Entwistle, T.J. (eds) (1994, 1996, 1999). 

Flora of Victoria Vols 2–4. Inkata Press. 

• Walsh, N. G. and Stajsic, V. (2007). A Census of the 

Vascular Plants of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens and 

National Herbarium, South Yarra. 

• Weiss, J. and Mclaren, D. (2002). Victoria’s pest plant 

prioritisation process in Proceedings of the Thirteenth 

Australian Weeds Conference. 

• Willis, J.H. (1970, 1973). A Handbook of Plants in Victoria. 

Melbourne University Press.

Appendix 1 

Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests 

bioregions of Victoria listed alphabetically within risk categories. 

Botanical Name Common Name 

Ranking 

Score CALP Act 

Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 

Acacia cyclops 

VERY HIGH RISK WEEDS 

Western Coastal Wattle 29 

Acacia karroo (syn Vachellia karroo) Karroo Thorn 3 

Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae Coast Wattle 2 

Acer negundo Box-elder Maple 21 

Allium triquetrum Angled Onion 12 

Ammophila arenaria Marram Grass 24 

Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass 14 

Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper 1 

Asparagus scandens Asparagus Fern 10 

Billardiera heterophylla Bluebell Creeper 1 

Chamaecytisus palmensis Tree Lucerne 30 

Chrysanthemoides monilifera Boneseed 13 

Chrysanthemoides monilifera 

Bitou Bush 19 

subsp. rotundata 

Coprosma repens Mirror Bush 10 

Cotoneaster franchetii Grey Cotoneaster 28 

Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Bright Bead Cotoneaster 28 

Cotoneaster pannosus Velvet Cotoneaster 28 

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn 19 

Crataegus X sinaica Azzarola 19 

Crocosmia X crocosmiiflora Montbretia 12 

Cytisus scoparius English Broom 3 

Delairea odorata Cape Ivy 11 

Dipogon lignosus Common Dipogon 3 

Disa bracteata African Weed Orchid 28 

Ehrharta calycina Perennial Veldt-grass 1 

Ehrharta erecta Panic Veldt-grass 13 

Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass 13 

Equisetum spp. Horestails 21 

Eragrostis curvula African Love-grass 11 

Eragrostis mexicana Mexican Love-grass 20 

Erica baccans Berry-flower Heath 30 

Erica lusitanica Spanish Heath 2 

Erica quadrangularis Angled Heath 29 

Fraxinus angustifolia Desert Ash 11 

Genista linifolia Flax-leaf Broom 12 

Genista monspessulana Montpellier Broom 12 

Gladiolus undulatus Wild Gladiolus 12 

Glyceria declinata Manna Grass 20 

Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass 20 

Hakea drupacea Sweet Hakea 12 

Hedera helix English Ivy 10 

Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog 13 

Leptospermum laevigatum Coast Tea-tree 12 

Leycesteria formosa Himalayan Honeysuckle 10 

Ligustrum lucidum Large-leaf Privet 10 

Ligustrum sinense Chinese Privet 10 

Ligustrum vulgare European Privet 10 

Lonicera japonica Japanese Honeysuckle 11 

Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn 16 

Myosotis sylvatica Wood Forget-me-not 11 

Nassella hyalina Cane Needle-grass 22 

Nassella leucotricha Texas Needle-grass 10 

Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass 10 

Nassella tenuissima Mexican Feather Grass 10 


7

Appendix 1 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed alphabetically within risk categories. 


Ranking 



Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 

Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock 10 

Pinus pinaster Cluster Pine 3 

Pinus radiata Radiata Pine 3 

Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosprum 4 

Polygala myrtifolia Myrtle-leaf Milkwort 12 

Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup 23 

Rhamnus alaternus Italian Buckthorn 10 

Rubus anglocandicans Blackberry 13 

Rubus cissburiensis Blackberry 13 

Rubus erythrops Blackberry 13 

Rubus laciniatus Cut-leaf Bramble 13 

Rubus leucostachys Blackberry 13 

Rubus polyanthemus Blackberry 13 

Rubus ulmifolius Blackberry 13 

Rubus vestitus Blackberry 13 

Salix alba White Willow 20 

Salix cinerea Grey Sallow 10 

Salix fragilis Crack Willow 20 

Salix X rubens Basket Willow 20 

Senecio angulatus Climbing Groundsel 3 

Sparaxis bulbifera Harlequin Flower 12 

Sparaxis tricolor Tricolor Harlequin-flower 12 

Thinopyrum junceiforme Sea Wheat-grass 19 

Tradescantia fluminensis Wandering Jew 11 

Ulex europaeus Gorse 15 

Vinca major Blue Periwinkle 12 

Watsonia meriana Bulbil Watsonia 12 

Watsonia versfeldii Pink Watsonia 12 

Zantedeschia aethiopica White Arum-lily 21 

HIGH RISK WEEDS 

Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia Sallow Wattle 38 

Acacia retinodes Wirilda 51 

Agapanthus praecox Agapanthus 57 

Amblystegium serpens Creeping Feather-moss 37 

Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass 44 

Carpobrotus aequilaterus Angled Pigface 48 

Carpobrotus edulis Hottentot Fig 48 

Catapodium marinum Stiff Sand-grass 47 

Catapodium rigidum Fern Grass 50 

Centranthus ruber Red Valerian 48 

Chasmanthe floribunda African Cornflag 39 

Cortaderia jubata Pink Pampas-grass 55 

Cortaderia selloana Pampas Grass 55 

Euphorbia paralias Sea Spurge 49 

Freesia alba x Freesia leichtlinii Freesia 39 

Freesia laxa Freesia 39 

Galium aparine Cleavers 40 

Gazania linearis Gazania 39 

Gazania rigens Coastal Gazania 39 

Hainardia cylindrica Common Barb-grass 49 

Hakea sericea Silky Hakea 39 

Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris 46 

Ixia maculata Yellow Ixia 38 

Ixia paniculata Long-tube Ixia 39 

Ixia polystachya Variable Ixia 39 

Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush 49



Ranking 


Vic Alert 

Weed 

Juncus microcephalus Tiny-headed Rush 49 

Kunzea ambigua White Kunzea 39 

Melaleuca diosmifolia Green Honey-myrtle 39 

Melaleuca hypericifolia Hillock Bush 39 

Oxalis incarnata Pale Wood-sorrel 39 

Oxalis latifolia Large-leaf Wood-sorrel 39 

Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob 39 

Oxalis purpurea Large-flower Wood-sorrel 48 

Parapholis incurva Coast Barb-grass 49 

Parapholis strigosa Slender Barb-grass 49 

Paraserianthes lophantha Cape Wattle 39 

Plectranthus ciliatus African Spur-flower 48 

Puccinellia fasciculata Borrer’s Saltmarsh-grass 47 

Rorippa palustris Marsh Yellow-cress 52 

Solanum linnaeanum Apple of Sodom 38 

Solanum pseudocapsicum Madeira Winter-cherry 37 

Sporobolus africanus Rat-tail Grass 40 

MODERATELY HIGH RISK WEEDS 

Acacia elata Cedar Wattle 66 

Acacia prominens Gosford Wattle 66 

Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Maple 78 

Aptenia cordifolia Heart-leaf Ice-plant 75 

Arum italicum Italian Cuckoo-pint 75 

Carex divisa Divided Sedge 74 

Carex flacca Blue Sedge 74 

Carex punctata Dotted Sedge 74 

Clematis vitalba Old Man’s Beard 74 

Coprosma robusta Karamu 64 

Cotoneaster divaricatus Green Cotoneaster 82 

Crassula multicava Cape Province Pygmy Weed 75 

Crassula natans Crassula 73 

Crassula tetragona Shrubby Crassula 75 

Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey Cypress 65 

Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot 68 

Drosanthemum candens Rodondo Creeper 75 

Echium plantagineum Paterson’s Curse 89 

Erica arborea Tree Heath 65 

Euphorbia lathyris Caper Spurge 75 

Fallopia convolvulus Black Bindweed 73 

Fallopia japonica Japaneset Knotweed 64 

Fallopia sachalinensis Giant Knotweed 73 

Galenia pubescens Coastal Galenia 78 

Galenia secunda Galenia 75 

Gladiolus tristis Evening-flower Gladiolus 66 

Ilex aquifolium English Holly 73 

Ipheion uniflorum Spring Star-flower 66 

Ipomoea indica Blue Morning-glory 66 

Ipomoea purpurea Tall Moring-glory 66 

Lophopyrum ponticum Tall Wheat-grass 64 

Melaleuca armillaris Giant Honey-myrtle 66 

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Common Ice-plant 77 

Olea europaea Olive 64 

Opuntia aurantiaca Tiger Pear 78 

Opuntia cardiosperma Riverina Pear 78 

Opuntia puberula Blind Prickly-pear 78 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 


9



Ranking 



Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 

Opuntia robusta Wheel Cactus 78 

Opuntia stricta Common Prickly-pear 78 

Passiflora tarminiana Banana Passion-fruit 74 

Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu 66 

Pennisetum macrourum African Feather-grass 77 

Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass 68 

Pinus nigra Austrian pine 66 

Prunus cerasifera Cherry Plum 87 

Psoralea pinnata Blue Psoralea 66 

Salix babylonica Weeping Willow 74 

Salix nigra Black Willow 64 

Salix X pendulina Weeping Willow 74 

Salix X sepulcralis var. chrysocoma Golden Weeping Willow 74 

Stenotaphrum secundatum Buffalo Grass 66 

MEDIUM RISK WEEDS 

Acacia baileyana Cootamundra Wattle 93 

Acacia decurrens Early Black-wattle 120 

Acacia fimbriata Brisbane Golden Wattle 93 

Acacia saligna Golden Wreath Wattle 93 

Agrostis capillaris Brown-top Bent 106 

Agrostis castellana Bent Grass 106 

Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent 97 

Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass 115 

Aira cupaniana Quicksilver Grass 115 

Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass 115 

Aira praecox Early Hair-grass 115 

Alopecurus aequalis Orange Fox-tail 92 

Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Fox-tail 92 

Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Fox-tail 92 

Alstroemeria aurea Yellow Alstroemeria 102 

Amaryllis belladonna Belladonna Lily 102 

Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel 115 

Anagallis minima Chaffweed 115 

Anredera cordifolia Madeira Vine 102 

Aristea ecklonii Blue Stars 93 

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat Grass 93 

Artemisia verlotiorum Chinese Wormwood 100 

Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica Cane Cactus 93 

Babiana angustifolia Baboon Flower 102 

Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass 95 

Bromus diandrus Great Brome 103 

Bromus madritensis Madrid Brome 103 

Bromus rubens Red Brome 103 

Callistachys lanceolata Greenbush 93 

Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury 115 

Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury 115 

Cerastium balearicum Minor Mouse-ear 115 

Cerastium diffusum Sea Mouse-ear Chickweed 115 

Cerastium fontanum Chickweed 115 

Cerastium glomeratum Sticky Mouse-ear Chickweed 115 

Cerastium pumilum Curtis’s Mouse-ear Chickweed 115 

Cerastium semidecandrum Little Mouse-ear Chickweed 115 

Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle 115 

Cistus inflatus Rockrose 102 

Cistus monspeliensis Montpellier Cistus 102



Ranking 


Vic Alert 

Weed 

Cynodon dactylon Couch 99 

Cyperus eragrostis Drain Flat-sedge 94 

Dittrichia graveolens Stinkwort 106 

Echium vulgare Viper’s Bugloss 94 

Elytrigia repens English Couch 101 

Erodium botrys Big Heron’s-bill 106 

Erodium cicutarium Common Heron’s-bill 106 

Erodium malacoides Oval Heron’s-bill 106 

Erodium moschatum Musky Heron’s-bill 106 

Euryops abrotanifolius Winter Euryops 93 

Ferraria crispa 102 

Foeniculum vulgare Fennel 101 

Fuchsia magellanica Fuchsia 100 

Fumaria bastardii Bastard’s Fumitory 95 

Fumaria capreolata White Fumitory 95 

Fumaria densiflora Dense-flower Fumitory 92 

Fumaria indica Indian Fumitory 92 

Fumaria muralis Wall Fumitory 95 

Fumaria officinalis Fumitory 92 

Geranium dissectum Cut-leaf Crane’s-bill 104 

Geranium molle Dove’s Foot 104 

Geranium yeoi Greater Herb-Robert 104 

Hakea laurina Pincushion Hakea 93 

Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue 94 

Hypericum perforatum St John’s Wort 95 

Hypericum tetrapterum St Peter’s Wort 101 

Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat’s-ear 115 

Hypochoeris radicata Flatweed 115 

Juncus acutus Spiny Rush 107 

Juncus effusus Soft Rush 106 

Juncus fontanesii Rush 101 

Kniphofia uvaria Red-hot Poker 92 

Leontodon taraxacoides Lesser Hawkbit 115 

Lepidium africanum Common Peppercress 107 

Lepidium bonariense Argentine Cress 98 

Leucanthemum vulgare Ox-eye Daisy 95 

Lotus corniculatus Bird’s-foot Trefoil 95 

Lotus creticus Lotus 101 

Lotus subbiflorus Hairy Bird’s-foot Trefoil 95 

Lotus uliginosus Greater Bird’s-foot Trefoil 95 

Medicago arabica Spotted Medic 95 

Medicago lupulina Black Medic 107 

Melaleuca nesophila Mauve Honey Myrtle 102 

Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal 102 

Minuartia mediterranea Fine-leaved Sandwort 119 

Nasturtium microphyllum Brown Watercress 104 

Nasturtium officinale Watercress 105 

Oxalis articulata Sour Grass 102 

Oxalis brasiliensis Wood-sorrel 102 

Oxalis debilis Pink Wood-sorrel 102 

Oxalis hirta Hairy Wood-sorrel 102 

Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum 97 

Poa bulbosa Bulbous Meadow-grass 103 

Poa infirma Early Meadow-grass 103 

Podalyria sericea Silky Podalyria 93 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 


11



Ranking 


Polycarpon tetraphyllum Four-leaved Allseed 115 

Polygala virgata Purple Broom 93 

Polygonum arenastrum Wireweed 101 

Raphanus maritimus Sea Radish 101 

Sambucus nigra Common Elder 100 

Senecio jacobaea Ragwort 94 

Senecio pterophorus African Daisy 118 

Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle 115 

Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle 115 

Tribolium acutiflorum Desmazeria 101 

Tribolium obliterum Cape grass 101 

Trifolium angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover 97 

Trifolium arvense Rabbit’s Foot Clover 98 

Trifolium campestre Large Hop Clover 98 

Trifolium cernuum Drooping-flower Clover 98 

Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover 98 

Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover 98 

Trifolium ornithopodioides Birdsfoot Clover 98 

Trifolium repens White Clover 99 

Trifolium resupinatum Shaftal Clover 98 

Trifolium scabrum Rough Clover 98 

Tritonia crocata Orange Tritonia 93 

Tritonia lineata Lined Tritonia 93 

Veronica catenata Pink Water-speedwell 101 

Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue 115 

Vulpia ciliata Fringed Fescue 115 

Vulpia fasciculata Dune Fescue 115 

Vulpia muralis Wall Fescue 115 

Vulpia myuros Rat’s-tail Fescue 115 

Abelia X grandiflora Glossy Abelia 

LOWER RISK WEEDS 

216 

Acacia floribunda White Sallow-wattle 213 

Acacia howittii Sticky Wattle 201 

Acacia iteaphylla Flinders Range Wattle 228 

Acacia podalyriifolia Mount Morgan Wattle 228 

Acacia pravissima Ovens Wattle 213 

Acanthus mollis Bear’s Breeches 159 

Acetosa sagittata Rambling Dock 167 

Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel 124 

Achnatherum caudatum Espartillo 155 

Acmena smithii Lilypilly 157 

Actinotus helianthii Flannel Flower 182 

Agave mericana Century Plant 156 

Agonis flexuosa 

Western Australian Willow 

147 

Mrytle 

Agonis juniperina Juniper Myrtle 147 

Agrostis gigantea Red-top Bent 157 

Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven 156 

Aloe arborescens Candelabra Aloe 201 

Aloe maculata Common Soap Aloe 219 

Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed 211 

Anchusa arvensis Bugloss 227 

Anchusa capensis Cape Forget-me-not 227 

Anthemis cotula Stinking Mayweed 236 

Aphanes arvensis Parsley Piert 121 

Aphanes microcarpa Small Piert 122 


Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS



Ranking 


Araujia sericifera White Bladder-flower 199 

Arbutus unedo Irish Strawberry Tree 146 

Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed 205 

Arctotheca populifolia Beach Daisy 127 

Arctotis stoechadifolia White Arctotis 210 

Arenaria leptoclados Lesser Thyme-leaved Sandwort 187 

Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaf Sandwort 187 

Arundo donax Giant Reed 156 

Asparagus aethiopicus Ground Asparagus 227 

Asparagus officinalis Asparagus 184 

Asphodelus fistulosus Onion Weed 188 

Astartea heteranthera Astartea 210 

Aster subulatus Aster-weed 124 

Atriplex patula Spear Orache 185 

Atriplex prostrata Hastate Orache 185 

Avellinia michelii Avellinia 124 

Avena barbata Bearded Oat 214 

Avena fatua Wild Oat 214 

Avena sativa Oat 214 

Avena strigosa Bristle Oat 232 

Axonopus fissifolius Carpet Grass 209 

Bellis perennis English Daisy 185 

Brachypodium distachyon False Brome 236 

Brachypodium sylvaticum Slender False Brome 236 

Brassica rapa White Turnip 242 

Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass 125 

Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome 184 

Bromus tectorum Wall Brome 211 

Cakile edentula American Sea Rocket 134 

Cakile maritima European Sea Rocket 134 

Calicotome spinosa Spiny Broom 201 

Callistemon rugulosus Scarlet Bottlebrush 228 

Callitriche hamulata Thread Water-starwort 125 

Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd’s Purse 187 

Cardamine flexuosa Wood Bitter-cress 236 

Cardamine hirsuta Common Bitter-cress 236 

Carduus pycnocephalus Slender Thistle 187 

Carthamus lanatus Saffron Thistle 124 

Centaurea calcitrapa Star Thistle 238 

Centaurea melitensis Malta Thistle 178 

Centaurium maritimum Sea Centaury 124 

Centaurium pulchellum Lesser Centaury 124 

Cestrum parqui Green Poison-berry 209 

Chamaemelum nobile Common Chamomile 237 

Chenopodium album Fat Hen 187 

Chenopodium ambrosioides Mexican Tea 130 

Chenopodium murale Sowbane 187 

Chlorophytum comosum Bracket Plant 174 

Cicendia filiformis Slender Cicendia 184 

Cicendia quadrangularis Square Cicendia 184 

Ciclospermum leptophyllum Slender Celery 188 

Coleonema pulchellum Diosma 201 

Conium maculatum Hemlock 215 

Convolvulus arvensis Common Bindweed 213 

Conyza albida Tall Fleabane 124 

Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 


13



Ranking 



Vic Alert 

Weed 

Conyza bilbaoana Smooth Fleabane 124 

Conyza bonariensis Flaxleaf Fleabane 124 

Conyza canadensis Canadian Fleabane 124 

Conyza primulaefolia Rough Conyza 124 

Conyza sumatrensis Tall Fleabane 124 

Cordyline australis New Zealand Cabbage-tree 238 

Corrigiola litoralis Strapwort 181 

Corymbia maculata Spotted Gum 213 

Cotula bipinnata Ferny Cotula 212 

Cotyledon orbiculata Pig’s Ear 156 

Crassula alata Three Part Crassula 127 

Crepis capillaris Smooth Hawksbeard 178 

Crepis foetida Stinking Hawksbeard 178 

Crepis setosa Bristly Hawksbeard 178 

Crepis vesicaria Beaked Hawksbeard 178 

Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog’s-tail 175 

Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog’s-tail 175 

Danthonia decumbens Heath Grass 182 

Datura stramonium Common Thorn-apple 240 

Digitalis purpurea Foxglove 239 

Digitaria sanguinalis Summer Grass 230 

Diplotaxis muralis Wall Rocket 231 

Diplotaxis tenuifolia Sand Rocket 231 

Dipsacus fullonum Wild Teasel 216 

Dodonaea viscosa cv. purpurea Purple Hopbush 210 

Echinochloa crus-galli Barnyard Grass 239 

Eleusine indica Goose-grass 239 

Eleusine tristachya American Crows-foot Grass 239 

Emex australis Spiny Emex 130 

Epilobium ciliatum Glandular Willow-herb 130 

Epilobium hirsutum Great Willow-herb 130 

Eragrostis cilianensis Stink Grass 212 

Erigeron karvinskianus Seaside Daisy 172 

Eriobotrya japonica Loquat 210 

Erysimum cheiri Wallflower 237 

Eschscholzia californica Californian Poppy 209 

Eucalyptus astringens Brown Mallet 210 

Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar Gum 210 

Eucalyptus gomphocephala Tuart 210 

Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge 175 

Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue 149 

Festuca rubra Red Fescue 200 

Galinsoga parviflora Gallant Soldier 173 

Galium divaricatum Slender Bedstraw 130 

Galium murale Small Goosegrass 130 

Gamochaeta calviceps Silky Cudweed 238 

Gamochaeta purpurea Spoonleaf Purple Everlasting 232 

Gastridium phleoides Nit-grass 238 

Glaucium flavum Yellow Horned-poppy 133 

Gomphocarpus cancellatus Broad-leaf Cotton-bush 231 

Gomphocarpus fruticosus Swan Plant 231 

Grevillea juniperina Prickly Spiderflower 210 

Grevillea robusta Silky Oak 210 

Hakea salicifolia Willow-leaf Hakea 213 

Hedypnois cretica Cretan Hedypnois 184 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS



Ranking 


Vic Alert 

Weed 

Hirschfeldia incana Buchan Weed 203 

Holcus annuus Annual Fog 238 

Holcus mollis Creeping Fog 211 

Homalanthus populifolius Bleeding Heart Tree 239 

Hordeum distichon Two-row Barley 166 

Hordeum glaucum Northern Barley-grass 175 

Hordeum hystrix Mediterranean Barley-grass 175 

Hordeum leporinum Barley-grass 175 

Hordeum marinum Sea Barley-grass 175 

Hordeum murinum Wild Barley 175 

Hyacinthoides non-scripta English Bluebell 210 

Hydrocotyle bonariensis American Pennywort 128 

Hypericum androsaemum Tutsan 184 

Isolepis hystrix Awned Club-sedge 122 

Juncus bulbosus Bulbous Rush 172 

Juncus capillaceus String Rush 227 

Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush 226 

Juncus oxycarpus Spiny-fruit Rush 228 

Kennedia rubicunda Dusky Coral-pea 231 

Kickxia elatine Hairy Toadflax 227 

Lachenalia spp. Lachenalia 240 

Lactuca saligna Willow-leaf Lettuce 178 

Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce 178 

Lagurus ovatus Hare’s-tail Grass 124 

Lamarckia aurea Golden-top 241 

Lamium galeobdolon Aluminium Plant 213 

Lavandula stoechas Topped Lavender 216 

Lepidium didymum Lesser Swine-cress 230 

Leucanthemum maximum Shasta Daisy 240 

Lilaea scilloides Lilaea 210 

Lilium formosanum Taiwan Lily 237 

Limonium companyonis Riviera Sea-lavender 186 

Limonium hyblaeum Sicilian Sea-lavender 186 

Limonium sinuatum Notch-leaf Sea-lavender 185 

Linaria pelisseriana Pelisser’s Toad-flax 240 

Linaria vulgaris Common Toad-flax 240 

Linum trigynum French Flax 240 

Linum usitatissimum Flax 240 

Lobelia erinus Bedding Lobelia 228 

Lobularia maritima Sweet Alyssum 240 

Lolium loliaceum Stiff Rye-grass 206 

Lolium multiflorum Italian Rye-grass 206 

Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass 207 

Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass 206 

Lolium temulentum Darnel 206 

Lotus angustissimus Slender Bird’s-foot Trefoil 239 

Lupinus arboreus Tree Lupin 240 

Lycium afrum Kaffir Box-thorn 199 

Lycium barbarum Chinese Box-thorn 199 

Malus pumila Apple 238 

Malva dendromorpha Tree Mallow 228 

Malva nicaeensis Mallow of Nice 231 

Malva parviflora Small-flower Mallow 177 

Malva sylvestris High Mallow 231 

Marrubium vulgare Horehound 212 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 


15



Ranking 


Matthiola incana Stock 240 

Medicago minima Little Medic 242 

Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic 206 

Medicago truncatula Barrel Medic 206 

Melaleuca decussata Totem-poles 237 

Melaleuca incana Grey Honey Mrytle 240 

Melianthus comosus Tufted Honey-flower 216 

Melianthus major Cape Honey-flower 213 

Melilotus indicus Sweet Melilot 176 

Melissa officinalis Lemon Balm 237 

Mentha spicata Spearmint 240 

Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow 233 

Moenchia erecta Erect Chickweed 172 

Moraea flaccida One-leaf Cape-tulip 213 

Moraea miniata Two-leaf Cape-tulip 213 

Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not 239 

Myosotis discolor Yellow-and-blue Forget-me-not 212 

Myosotis laxa Bay Forget-me-not 212 

Narcissus pseudonarcissus Daffodil 228 

Narcissus tazetta Tazetta 228 

Nepeta cataria Catmint 243 

Nicotiana glauca Tree Tobacco 242 

Nonea lutea Yellow Alkanet 240 

Oenothera glazioviana Reddish Evening-primrose 185 

Oenothera stricta Common Evening Primrose 239 

Onopordum acanthium Scotch Thistle 241 

Onopordum illyricum Illyrian Thistle 232 

Ornithopus pinnatus Sand Bird’s-foot 172 

Orobanche minor Lesser Broomrape 229 

Osteospermum fruticosum Shrubby Daisybush 201 

Oxalis corniculata Yellow Woodsorrel 242 

Papaver dubium Long-headed Poppy 239 

Papaver somniferum Opium Poppy 239 

Parentucellia latifolia Red Bartsia 242 

Parentucellia viscosa Yellow Bartsia 242 

Parietaria judaica Wall Pellitory 239 

Paronychia brasiliana Whitlow Wort 228 

Paronychia franciscana Chile Nailwort 228 

Paspalum urvillei Vasey Grass 209 

Passiflora caerulea Blue Passion-fruit 210 

Passiflora edulis Black Passion-fruit 240 

Pelargonium quercifolium Oakleaf Pelargonium 216 

Pelargonium X domesticum Regal Pelargonium 216 

Pennisetum setaceum Fountain Grass 200 

Pennisetum villosum Feathertop 215 

Pentaschistis airoides False Hair Grass 133 

Persicaria maculosa Redshank 166 

Petrorhagia dubia Velvety Pink 227 

Petrorhagia nanteuilii Childling Pink 227 

Petroselinum crispum Parsley 243 

Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass 158 

Phalaris canariensis Canary Grass 158 

Phalaris coerulescens Blue Canary-grass 209 

Phalaris minor Lesser Canary-grass 158 

Phalaris paradoxa Paradoxical Canary-grass 158 


Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS



Ranking 


Phleum pratense Timothy Grass 242 

Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date-palm 159 

Physalis alkekengi Alkekengi 214 

Physalis peruviana Cape Gooseberry 199 

Physalis viscosa Sticky Ground-cherry 211 

Phytolacca octandra Red-ink Weed 163 

Pinus halepensis Aleppo Pine 147 

Pinus pinea Stone Pine 159 

Piptatherum miliaceum Rice Millet 209 

Pittosporum crassifolium Karo 212 

Pittosporum eugenioides Tarata 212 

Plantago australis Southern Plantain 182 

Plantago bellardii Silky Plantain 242 

Plantago coronopus Buck’s-horn Plantain 125 

Plantago lanceolata Ribwort 179 

Plantago major Greater Plantain 188 

Plectranthus ecklonii Blue Spurflower 216 

Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass 178 

Poa pratensis Kentucky Blue-grass 214 

Polygonum aviculare Wireweed 242 

Polypogon maritimus Mediterranean Beard Grass 131 

Polypogon monspeliensis Annual Beard-grass 131 

Polypogon viridis Water Bent 128 

Populus alba White Poplar 155 

Populus nigra ‘Italica’ Lombardy Poplar 155 

Populus X canescens Grey Poplar 155 

Potentilla anserina Silverweed 240 

Potentilla indica Indian Strawberry 209 

Pseudoscleropodium purum Neat Feather-moss 127 

Pyracantha angustifolia Orange Firethorn 235 

Ranunculus muricatus Sharp Buttercup 131 

Ranunculus parviflorus Small-flower Buttercup 239 

Ranunculus sardous Pale Hairy Buttercup 215 

Ranunculus sceleratus Celeryleaf Buttercup 242 

Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish 215 

Ricinus communis Castor Oil Plant 240 

Robinia pseudoacacia Locust Tree 213 

Romulea minutiflora Small-flower Onion-grass 242 

Romulea rosea Onion Grass 242 

Rosa canina Dog Rose 172 

Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar 172 

Rostraria cristata Annual Cat’s-tail 185 

Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock 185 

Rumex crispus Curled Dock 185 

Rumex obtusifolius Bitter Dock 185 

Rumex pulcher Fiddle-leaf Dock 185 

Sagina procumbens Spreading Pearlwort 217 

Salpichroa origanifolia Pampas Lily-of-the-Valley 210 

Salvia verbenaca Wild Sage 239 

Scabiosa atropurpurea Pincushion 128 

Schinus molle Pepper Tree 157 

Sedum praealtum Sedum 210 

Selaginella kraussiana Garden Selaginella 129 

Senecio elegans Purple Groundsel 133 

Senna multiglandulosa Downy Senna 213 

Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 


17



Ranking 


Setaria parviflora Slender Pigeon Grass 242 

Sherardia arvensis Field Madder 229 

Silene conica Striated Catchfly 236 

Silene gallica French Catchfly 236 

Silene longicaulis Portuguese Catchfly 236 

Silene nocturna Mediterranean Catchfly 236 

Silene vulgaris Bladder Campion 236 

Sinapis arvensis Charlock 239 

Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard 230 

Sisymbrium orientale Indian Hedge-mustard 230 

Sisyrinchium iridifolium Striped Rush-leaf 176 

Solanum americanum Glossy Nightshade 121 

Solanum chenopodioides Whitetip Nightshade 121 

Solanum douglasii Douglas’ Nightshade 121 

Solanum furcatum Broad Nightshade 121 

Solanum mauritianum Wild Tobacco Tree 236 

Solanum nigrum Black Nightshade 121 

Solanum physalifolium Hairy Nightshade 121 

Solanum triflorum Cut-leaf Nightshade 121 

Spartium junceum Spanish Broom 147 

Spergula arvensis Corn Spurrey 180 

Spergula pentandra Five-stamen Corn-spurrey 179 

Spergularia bocconii Bocconi’s Sand-spurrey 179 

Spergularia media Media Sand Spurrey 180 

Spergularia rubra Red Sand Spurrey 179 

Spiloxene capensis Peacock Flower 237 

Stachys arvensis Stagger Weed 230 

Stellaria media Chickweed 169 

Stellaria pallida Lesser Chickweed 169 

Suaeda baccifera Berry Seablite 127 

Taraxacum officinale Dandelion 175 

Tragopogon porrifolius Salsify 236 

Trifolium incarnatum Crimson Clover 206 

Trifolium striatum Knotted Clover 239 

Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover 240 

Trifolium tomentosum Woolly Clover 239 

Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium 210 

Ulmus aff. procera English Elm 156 

Urtica dioica Giant Nettle 187 

Urtica urens Small Nettle 187 

Valerianella eriocarpa Italian Corn-salad 239 

Vellereophyton dealbatum White Cudweed 124 

Verbascum thapsus Woolly Mullein 230 

Verbascum virgatum Twiggy Mullein 230 

Verbena bonariensis Purple-top Verbena 212 

Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue Water-speedwell 236 

Veronica arvensis Wall Speedwell 232 

Veronica persica Persian Speedwell 232 

Vicia hirsuta Tiny Vetch 239 

Vicia monantha Spurred Vetch 239 

Vicia sativa Common Vetch 239 

Vicia tetrasperma Slender Vetch 239 

Viola odorata Common Violet 240 

Watsonia borbonica Rosy Watsonia 147 


Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS

Appendix 2 

Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy 

forests bioregions of Victoria listed by botanical name. 


Ranking 


Vic Alert 

Weed 

Abelia X grandiflora Glossy Abelia 216 

Acacia baileyana Cootamundra Wattle 93 

Acacia cyclops Western Coastal Wattle 29 

Acacia decurrens Early Black-wattle 120 

Acacia elata Cedar Wattle 66 

Acacia fimbriata Brisbane Golden Wattle 93 

Acacia floribunda White Sallow-wattle 213 

Acacia howittii Sticky Wattle 201 

Acacia iteaphylla Flinders Range Wattle 228 

Acacia karroo (syn Valchellia karroo) Karroo Thorn 3 

Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia Sallow Wattle 38 

Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae Coast Wattle 2 

Acacia podalyriifolia Mount Morgan Wattle 228 

Acacia pravissima Ovens Wattle 213 

Acacia prominens Gosford Wattle 66 

Acacia retinodes Wirilda 51 

Acacia saligna Golden Wreath Wattle 93 

Acanthus mollis Bear’s Breeches 159 

Acer negundo Box-elder Maple 21 

Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Maple 78 

Acetosa sagittata Rambling Dock 167 

Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel 124 

Achnatherum caudatum Espartillo 155 

Acmena smithii Lilypilly 157 

Actinotus helianthii Flannel Flower 182 

Agapanthus praecox Agapanthus 57 

Agave mericana Century Plant 156 

Agonis flexuosa 

Western Australian Willow 

Mrytle 

147 

Agonis juniperina Juniper Myrtle 147 

Agrostis capillaris Brown-top Bent 106 

Agrostis castellana Bent Grass 106 

Agrostis gigantea Red-top Bent 157 

Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent 97 

Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven 156 

Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass 115 

Aira cupaniana Quicksilver Grass 115 

Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass 115 

Aira praecox Early Hair-grass 115 

Allium triquetrum Angled Onion 12 

Aloe arborescens Candelabra Aloe 201 

Aloe maculata Common Soap Aloe 219 

Alopecurus aequalis Orange Fox-tail 92 

Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Fox-tail 92 

Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Fox-tail 92 

Alstroemeria aurea Yellow Alstroemeria 102 

Amaryllis belladonna Belladonna Lily 102 

Amblystegium serpens Creeping Feather-moss 37 

Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed 211 

Ammophila arenaria Marram Grass 24 

Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel 115 

Anagallis minima Chaffweed 115 

Anchusa arvensis Bugloss 227 

Anchusa capensis Cape Forget-me-not 227 

Anredera cordifolia Madeira Vine 102 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 


19

Appendix 2 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed by botanical name. 


Ranking 



Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 

Anthemis cotula Stinking Mayweed 236 

Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass 14 

Aphanes arvensis Parsley Piert 121 

Aphanes microcarpa Small Piert 122 

Aptenia cordifolia Heart-leaf Ice-plant 75 

Araujia sericifera White Bladder-flower 199 

Arbutus unedo Irish Strawberry Tree 146 

Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed 205 

Arctotheca populifolia Beach Daisy 127 

Arctotis stoechadifolia White Arctotis 210 

Arenaria leptoclados Lesser Thyme-leaved Sandwort 187 

Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaf Sandwort 187 

Aristea ecklonii Blue Stars 93 

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat Grass 93 

Artemisia verlotiorum Chinese Wormwood 100 

Arum italicum Italian Cuckoo-pint 75 

Arundo donax Giant Reed 156 

Asparagus aethiopicus Ground Asparagus 227 

Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper 1 

Asparagus officinalis Asparagus 184 

Asparagus scandens Asparagus Fern 10 

Asphodelus fistulosus Onion Weed 188 

Astartea heteranthera Astartea 210 

Aster subulatus Aster-weed 124 

Atriplex patula Spear Orache 185 

Atriplex prostrata Hastate Orache 185 

Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica Cane Cactus 93 

Avellinia michelii Avellinia 124 

Avena barbata Bearded Oat 214 

Avena fatua Wild Oat 214 

Avena sativa Oat 214 

Avena strigosa Bristle Oat 232 

Axonopus fissifolius Carpet Grass 209 

Babiana angustifolia Baboon Flower 102 

Bellis perennis English Daisy 185 

Billardiera heterophylla Bluebell Creeper 1 

Brachypodium distachyon False Brome 236 

Brachypodium sylvaticum Slender False Brome 236 

Brassica rapa White Turnip 242 

Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass 44 

Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass 125 

Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass 95 

Bromus diandrus Great Brome 103 

Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome 184 

Bromus madritensis Madrid Brome 103 

Bromus rubens Red Brome 103 

Bromus tectorum Wall Brome 211 

Cakile edentula American Sea Rocket 134 

Cakile maritima European Sea Rocket 134 

Calicotome spinosa Spiny Broom 201 

Callistachys lanceolata Greenbush 93 

Callistemon rugulosus Scarlet Bottlebrush 228 

Callitriche hamulata Thread Water-starwort 125 

Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd’s Purse 187 

Cardamine flexuosa Wood Bitter-cress 236



Ranking 


Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 

Cardamine hirsuta Common Bitter-cress 236 

Carduus pycnocephalus Slender Thistle 187 

Carex divisa Divided Sedge 74 

Carex flacca Blue Sedge 74 

Carex punctata Dotted Sedge 74 

Carpobrotus aequilaterus Angled Pigface 48 

Carpobrotus edulis Hottentot Fig 48 

Carthamus lanatus Saffron Thistle 124 

Catapodium marinum Stiff Sand-grass 47 

Catapodium rigidum Fern Grass 50 

Centaurea calcitrapa Star Thistle 238 

Centaurea melitensis Malta Thistle 178 

Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury 115 

Centaurium maritimum Sea Centaury 124 

Centaurium pulchellum Lesser Centaury 124 

Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury 115 

Centranthus ruber Red Valerian 48 

Cerastium balearicum Minor Mouse-ear 115 

Cerastium diffusum Sea Mouse-ear Chickweed 115 

Cerastium fontanum Chickweed 115 

Cerastium glomeratum Sticky Mouse-ear Chickweed 115 

Cerastium pumilum Curtis’s Mouse-ear Chickweed 115 

Cerastium semidecandrum Little Mouse-ear Chickweed 115 

Cestrum parqui Green Poison-berry 209 

Chamaecytisus palmensis Tree Lucerne 30 

Chamaemelum nobile Common Chamomile 237 

Chasmanthe floribunda African Cornflag 39 

Chenopodium album Fat Hen 187 

Chenopodium ambrosioides Mexican Tea 130 

Chenopodium murale Sowbane 187 

Chlorophytum comosum Bracket Plant 174 

Chrysanthemoides monilifera Boneseed 13 

Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata Bitou Bush 19 

Cicendia filiformis Slender Cicendia 184 

Cicendia quadrangularis Square Cicendia 184 

Ciclospermum leptophyllum Slender Celery 188 

Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle 115 

Cistus inflatus Rockrose 102 

Cistus monspeliensis Montpellier Cistus 102 

Clematis vitalba Old Man’s Beard 74 

Coleonema pulchellum Diosma 201 

Conium maculatum Hemlock 215 

Convolvulus arvensis Common Bindweed 213 

Conyza albida Tall Fleabane 124 

Conyza bilbaoana Smooth Fleabane 124 

Conyza bonariensis Flaxleaf Fleabane 124 

Conyza canadensis Canadian Fleabane 124 

Conyza primulaefolia Rough Conyza 124 

Conyza sumatrensis Tall Fleabane 124 

Coprosma repens Mirror Bush 10 

Coprosma robusta Karamu 64 

Cordyline australis New Zealand Cabbage-tree 238 

Corrigiola litoralis Strapwort 181 

Cortaderia jubata Pink Pampas-grass 55 

Cortaderia selloana Pampas Grass 55 


21



Ranking 



Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 

Corymbia maculata Spotted Gum 213 

Cotoneaster divaricatus Green Cotoneaster 82 

Cotoneaster franchetii Grey Cotoneaster 28 

Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Bright Bead Cotoneaster 28 

Cotoneaster pannosus Velvet Cotoneaster 28 

Cotula bipinnata Ferny Cotula 212 

Cotyledon orbiculata Pig’s Ear 156 

Crassula alata Three Part Crassula 127 

Crassula multicava Cape Province Pygmy Weed 75 

Crassula natans Crassula 73 

Crassula tetragona Shrubby Crassula 75 

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn 19 

Crataegus X sinaica Azzarola 19 

Crepis capillaris Smooth Hawksbeard 178 

Crepis foetida Stinking Hawksbeard 178 

Crepis setosa Bristly Hawksbeard 178 

Crepis vesicaria Beaked Hawksbeard 178 

Crocosmia X crocosmiiflora Montbretia 12 

Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey Cypress 65 

Cynodon dactylon Couch 99 

Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog’s-tail 175 

Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog’s-tail 175 

Cyperus eragrostis Drain Flat-sedge 94 

Cytisus scoparius English Broom 3 

Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot 68 

Danthonia decumbens Heath Grass 182 

Datura stramonium Common Thorn-apple 240 

Delairea odorata Cape Ivy 11 

Digitalis purpurea Foxglove 239 

Digitaria sanguinalis Summer Grass 230 

Diplotaxis muralis Wall Rocket 231 

Diplotaxis tenuifolia Sand Rocket 231 

Dipogon lignosus Common Dipogon 3 

Dipsacus fullonum Wild Teasel 216 

Disa bracteata African Weed Orchid 28 

Dittrichia graveolens Stinkwort 106 

Dodonaea viscosa cv. purpurea Purple Hopbush 210 

Drosanthemum candens Rodondo Creeper 75 

Echinochloa crus-galli Barnyard Grass 239 

Echium plantagineum Paterson’s Curse 89 

Echium vulgare Viper’s Bugloss 94 

Ehrharta calycina Perennial Veldt-grass 1 

Ehrharta erecta Panic Veldt-grass 13 

Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass 13 

Eleusine indica Goose-grass 239 

Eleusine tristachya American Crows-foot Grass 239 

Elytrigia repens English Couch 101 

Emex australis Spiny Emex 130 

Epilobium ciliatum Glandular Willow-herb 130 

Epilobium hirsutum Great Willow-herb 130 

Equisetum spp. Horestails 21 

Eragrostis cilianensis Stink Grass 212 

Eragrostis curvula African Love-grass 11 

Eragrostis mexicana Mexican Love-grass 20 

Erica arborea Tree Heath 65



Ranking 


Vic Alert 

Weed 

Erica baccans Berry-flower Heath 30 

Erica lusitanica Spanish Heath 2 

Erica quadrangularis Angled Heath 29 

Erigeron karvinskianus Seaside Daisy 172 

Eriobotrya japonica Loquat 210 

Erodium botrys Big Heron’s-bill 106 

Erodium cicutarium Common Heron’s-bill 106 

Erodium malacoides Oval Heron’s-bill 106 

Erodium moschatum Musky Heron’s-bill 106 

Erysimum cheiri Wallflower 237 

Eschscholzia californica Californian Poppy 209 

Eucalyptus astringens Brown Mallet 210 

Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar Gum 210 

Eucalyptus gomphocephala Tuart 210 

Euphorbia lathyris Caper Spurge 75 

Euphorbia paralias Sea Spurge 49 

Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge 175 

Euryops abrotanifolius Winter Euryops 93 

Fallopia convolvulus Black Bindweed 73 

Fallopia japonica Japaneset Knotweed 64 

Fallopia sachalinensis Giant Knotweed 73 


Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue 149 

Festuca rubra Red Fescue 200 

Foeniculum vulgare Fennel 101 

Fraxinus angustifolia Desert Ash 11 

Freesia alba x Freesia leichtlinii Freesia 39 

Freesia laxa Freesia 39 

Fuchsia magellanica Fuchsia 100 

Fumaria bastardii Bastard’s Fumitory 95 

Fumaria capreolata White Fumitory 95 

Fumaria densiflora Dense-flower Fumitory 92 

Fumaria indica Indian Fumitory 92 

Fumaria muralis Wall Fumitory 95 

Fumaria officinalis Fumitory 92 

Galenia pubescens Coastal Galenia 78 

Galenia secunda Galenia 75 

Galinsoga parviflora Gallant Soldier 173 

Galium aparine Cleavers 40 

Galium divaricatum Slender Bedstraw 130 

Galium murale Small Goosegrass 130 

Gamochaeta calviceps Silky Cudweed 238 

Gamochaeta purpurea Spoonleaf Purple Everlasting 232 

Gastridium phleoides Nit-grass 238 

Gazania linearis Gazania 39 

Gazania rigens Coastal Gazania 39 

Genista linifolia Flax-leaf Broom 12 

Genista monspessulana Montpellier Broom 12 

Geranium dissectum Cut-leaf Crane’s-bill 104 

Geranium molle Dove’s Foot 104 

Geranium yeoi Greater Herb-Robert 104 

Gladiolus tristis Evening-flower Gladiolus 66 

Gladiolus undulatus Wild Gladiolus 12 

Glaucium flavum Yellow Horned-poppy 133 

Glyceria declinata Manna Grass 20 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 


23



Ranking 



Vic Alert 

Weed 

Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass 20 

Gomphocarpus cancellatus Broad-leaf Cotton-bush 231 

Gomphocarpus fruticosus Swan Plant 231 

Grevillea juniperina Prickly Spiderflower 210 

Grevillea robusta Silky Oak 210 

Hainardia cylindrica Common Barb-grass 49 

Hakea drupacea Sweet Hakea 12 

Hakea laurina Pincushion Hakea 93 

Hakea salicifolia Willow-leaf Hakea 213 

Hakea sericea Silky Hakea 39 

Hedera helix English Ivy 10 

Hedypnois cretica Cretan Hedypnois 184 

Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue 94 

Hirschfeldia incana Buchan Weed 203 

Holcus annuus Annual Fog 238 

Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog 13 

Holcus mollis Creeping Fog 211 

Homalanthus populifolius Bleeding Heart Tree 239 

Hordeum distichon Two-row Barley 166 

Hordeum glaucum Northern Barley-grass 175 

Hordeum hystrix Mediterranean Barley-grass 175 

Hordeum leporinum Barley-grass 175 

Hordeum marinum Sea Barley-grass 175 

Hordeum murinum Wild Barley 175 

Hyacinthoides non-scripta English Bluebell 210 

Hydrocotyle bonariensis American Pennywort 128 

Hypericum androsaemum Tutsan 184 

Hypericum perforatum St John’s Wort 95 

Hypericum tetrapterum St Peter’s Wort 101 

Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat’s-ear 115 

Hypochoeris radicata Flatweed 115 

Ilex aquifolium English Holly 73 

Ipheion uniflorum Spring Star-flower 66 

Ipomoea indica Blue Morning-glory 66 

Ipomoea purpurea Tall Moring-glory 66 

Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris 46 

Isolepis hystrix Awned Club-sedge 122 

Ixia maculata Yellow Ixia 38 

Ixia paniculata Long-tube Ixia 39 

Ixia polystachya Variable Ixia 39 

Juncus acutus Spiny Rush 107 

Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush 49 

Juncus bulbosus Bulbous Rush 172 

Juncus capillaceus String Rush 227 

Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush 226 

Juncus effusus Soft Rush 106 

Juncus fontanesii Rush 101 

Juncus microcephalus Tiny-headed Rush 49 

Juncus oxycarpus Spiny-fruit Rush 228 

Kennedia rubicunda Dusky Coral-pea 231 

Kickxia elatine Hairy Toadflax 227 

Kniphofia uvaria Red-hot Poker 92 

Kunzea ambigua White Kunzea 39 

Lachenalia spp. Lachenalia 240 

Lactuca saligna Willow-leaf Lettuce 178 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS



Ranking 


Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce 178 

Lagurus ovatus Hare’s-tail Grass 124 

Lamarckia aurea Golden-top 241 

Lamium galeobdolon Aluminium Plant 213 

Lavandula stoechas Topped Lavender 216 

Leontodon taraxacoides Lesser Hawkbit 115 

Lepidium africanum Common Peppercress 107 

Lepidium bonariense Argentine Cress 98 

Lepidium didymum Lesser Swine-cress 230 

Leptospermum laevigatum Coast Tea-tree 12 

Leucanthemum maximum Shasta Daisy 240 

Leucanthemum vulgare Ox-eye Daisy 95 

Leycesteria formosa Himalayan Honeysuckle 10 

Ligustrum lucidum Large-leaf Privet 10 

Ligustrum sinense Chinese Privet 10 

Ligustrum vulgare European Privet 10 

Lilaea scilloides Lilaea 210 

Lilium formosanum Taiwan Lily 237 

Limonium companyonis Riviera Sea-lavender 186 

Limonium hyblaeum Sicilian Sea-lavender 186 

Limonium sinuatum Notch-leaf Sea-lavender 185 

Linaria pelisseriana Pelisser’s Toad-flax 240 

Linaria vulgaris Common Toad-flax 240 

Linum trigynum French Flax 240 

Linum usitatissimum Flax 240 

Lobelia erinus Bedding Lobelia 228 

Lobularia maritima Sweet Alyssum 240 

Lolium loliaceum Stiff Rye-grass 206 

Lolium multiflorum Italian Rye-grass 206 

Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass 207 

Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass 206 

Lolium temulentum Darnel 206 

Lonicera japonica Japanese Honeysuckle 11 

Lophopyrum ponticum Tall Wheat-grass 64 

Lotus angustissimus Slender Bird’s-foot Trefoil 239 

Lotus corniculatus Bird’s-foot Trefoil 95 

Lotus creticus Lotus 101 

Lotus subbiflorus Hairy Bird’s-foot Trefoil 95 

Lotus uliginosus Greater Bird’s-foot Trefoil 95 

Lupinus arboreus Tree Lupin 240 

Lycium afrum Kaffir Box-thorn 199 

Lycium barbarum Chinese Box-thorn 199 

Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn 16 

Malus pumila Apple 238 

Malva dendromorpha Tree Mallow 228 

Malva nicaeensis Mallow of Nice 231 

Malva parviflora Small-flower Mallow 177 

Malva sylvestris High Mallow 231 

Marrubium vulgare Horehound 212 

Matthiola incana Stock 240 

Medicago arabica Spotted Medic 95 

Medicago lupulina Black Medic 107 

Medicago minima Little Medic 242 

Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic 206 

Medicago truncatula Barrel Medic 206 

Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 


25



Ranking 


Melaleuca armillaris Giant Honey-myrtle 66 

Melaleuca decussata Totem-poles 237 

Melaleuca diosmifolia Green Honey-myrtle 39 

Melaleuca hypericifolia Hillock Bush 39 

Melaleuca incana Grey Honey Mrytle 240 

Melaleuca nesophila Mauve Honey Myrtle 102 

Melianthus comosus Tufted Honey-flower 216 

Melianthus major Cape Honey-flower 213 

Melilotus indicus Sweet Melilot 176 

Melissa officinalis Lemon Balm 237 

Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal 102 

Mentha spicata Spearmint 240 

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Common Ice-plant 77 

Minuartia mediterranea Fine-leaved Sandwort 119 

Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow 233 

Moenchia erecta Erect Chickweed 172 

Moraea flaccida One-leaf Cape-tulip 213 

Moraea miniata Two-leaf Cape-tulip 213 

Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not 239 

Myosotis discolor 

Yellow-and-blue 

212 

Forget-me-not 


Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 

Myosotis laxa Bay Forget-me-not 212 

Myosotis sylvatica Wood Forget-me-not 11 

Narcissus pseudonarcissus Daffodil 228 

Narcissus tazetta Tazetta 228 

Nassella hyalina Cane Needle-grass 22 

Nassella leucotricha Texas Needle-grass 10 

Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass 10 

Nassella tenuissima Mexican Feather Grass 10 

Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock 10 

Nasturtium microphyllum Brown Watercress 104 

Nasturtium officinale Watercress 105 

Nepeta cataria Catmint 243 

Nicotiana glauca Tree Tobacco 242 

Nonea lutea Yellow Alkanet 240 

Oenothera glazioviana Reddish Evening-primrose 185 

Oenothera stricta Common Evening Primrose 239 

Olea europaea Olive 64 

Onopordum acanthium Scotch Thistle 241 

Onopordum illyricum Illyrian Thistle 232 

Opuntia aurantiaca Tiger Pear 78 

Opuntia cardiosperma Riverina Pear 78 

Opuntia puberula Blind Prickly-pear 78 

Opuntia robusta Wheel Cactus 78 

Opuntia stricta Common Prickly-pear 78 

Ornithopus pinnatus Sand Bird’s-foot 172 

Orobanche minor Lesser Broomrape 229 

Osteospermum fruticosum Shrubby Daisybush 201 

Oxalis articulata Sour Grass 102 

Oxalis brasiliensis Wood-sorrel 102 

Oxalis corniculata Yellow Woodsorrel 242 

Oxalis debilis Pink Wood-sorrel 102 

Oxalis hirta Hairy Wood-sorrel 102 

Oxalis incarnata Pale Wood-sorrel 39 

Oxalis latifolia Large-leaf Wood-sorrel 39



Ranking 


Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob 39 

Oxalis purpurea Large-flower Wood-sorrel 48 

Papaver dubium Long-headed Poppy 239 

Papaver somniferum Opium Poppy 239 

Parapholis incurva Coast Barb-grass 49 

Parapholis strigosa Slender Barb-grass 49 

Paraserianthes lophantha Cape Wattle 39 

Parentucellia latifolia Red Bartsia 242 

Parentucellia viscosa Yellow Bartsia 242 

Parietaria judaica Wall Pellitory 239 

Paronychia brasiliana Whitlow Wort 228 

Paronychia franciscana Chile Nailwort 228 

Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum 97 

Paspalum urvillei Vasey Grass 209 

Passiflora caerulea Blue Passion-fruit 210 

Passiflora edulis Black Passion-fruit 240 

Passiflora tarminiana Banana Passion-fruit 74 

Pelargonium quercifolium Oakleaf Pelargonium 216 

Pelargonium X domesticum Regal Pelargonium 216 

Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu 66 

Pennisetum macrourum African Feather-grass 77 

Pennisetum setaceum Fountain Grass 200 

Pennisetum villosum Feathertop 215 

Pentaschistis airoides False Hair Grass 133 

Persicaria maculosa Redshank 166 

Petrorhagia dubia Velvety Pink 227 

Petrorhagia nanteuilii Childling Pink 227 

Petroselinum crispum Parsley 243 

Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass 68 

Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass 158 

Phalaris canariensis Canary Grass 158 

Phalaris coerulescens Blue Canary-grass 209 

Phalaris minor Lesser Canary-grass 158 

Phalaris paradoxa Paradoxical Canary-grass 158 

Phleum pratense Timothy Grass 242 

Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date-palm 159 

Physalis alkekengi Alkekengi 214 

Physalis peruviana Cape Gooseberry 199 

Physalis viscosa Sticky Ground-cherry 211 

Phytolacca octandra Red-ink Weed 163 

Pinus halepensis Aleppo Pine 147 

Pinus nigra Austrian pine 66 

Pinus pinaster Cluster Pine 3 

Pinus pinea Stone Pine 159 

Pinus radiata Radiata Pine 3 

Piptatherum miliaceum Rice Millet 209 

Pittosporum crassifolium Karo 212 

Pittosporum eugenioides Tarata 212 

Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum 4 

Plantago australis Southern Plantain 182 

Plantago bellardii Silky Plantain 242 

Plantago coronopus Buck’s-horn Plantain 125 

Plantago lanceolata Ribwort 179 

Plantago major Greater Plantain 188 

Plectranthus ciliatus African Spur-flower 48 

Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 


27



Ranking 



Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 

Plectranthus ecklonii Blue Spurflower 216 

Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass 178 

Poa bulbosa Bulbous Meadow-grass 103 

Poa infirma Early Meadow-grass 103 

Poa pratensis Kentucky Blue-grass 214 

Podalyria sericea Silky Podalyria 93 

Polycarpon tetraphyllum Four-leaved Allseed 115 

Polygala myrtifolia Myrtle-leaf Milkwort 12 

Polygala virgata Purple Broom 93 

Polygonum arenastrum Wireweed 101 

Polygonum aviculare Wireweed 242 

Polypogon maritimus Mediterranean Beard Grass 131 

Polypogon monspeliensis Annual Beard-grass 131 

Polypogon viridis Water Bent 128 

Populus alba White Poplar 155 

Populus nigra ‘Italica’ Lombardy Poplar 155 

Populus X canescens Grey Poplar 155 

Potentilla anserina Silverweed 240 

Potentilla indica Indian Strawberry 209 

Prunus cerasifera Cherry Plum 87 

Pseudoscleropodium purum Neat Feather-moss 127 

Psoralea pinnata Blue Psoralea 66 

Puccinellia fasciculata Borrer’s Saltmarsh-grass 47 

Pyracantha angustifolia Orange Firethorn 235 

Ranunculus muricatus Sharp Buttercup 131 

Ranunculus parviflorus Small-flower Buttercup 239 

Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup 23 

Ranunculus sardous Pale Hairy Buttercup 215 

Ranunculus sceleratus Celeryleaf Buttercup 242 

Raphanus maritimus Sea Radish 101 

Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish 215 

Rhamnus alaternus Italian Buckthorn 10 

Ricinus communis Castor Oil Plant 240 

Robinia pseudoacacia Locust Tree 213 

Romulea minutiflora Small-flower Onion-grass 242 

Romulea rosea Onion Grass 242 

Rorippa palustris Marsh Yellow-cress 52 

Rosa canina Dog Rose 172 

Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar 172 

Rostraria cristata Annual Cat’s-tail 185 

Rubus anglocandicans Blackberry 13 

Rubus cissburiensis Blackberry 13 

Rubus erythrops Blackberry 13 

Rubus laciniatus Cut-leaf Bramble 13 

Rubus leucostachys Blackberry 13 

Rubus polyanthemus Blackberry 13 

Rubus ulmifolius Blackberry 13 

Rubus vestitus Blackberry 13 

Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock 185 

Rumex crispus Curled Dock 185 

Rumex obtusifolius Bitter Dock 185 

Rumex pulcher Fiddle-leaf Dock 185 

Sagina procumbens Spreading Pearlwort 217 

Salix alba White Willow 20 

Salix babylonica Weeping Willow 74



Ranking 


Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 

Salix cinerea Grey Sallow 10 

Salix fragilis Crack Willow 20 

Salix nigra Black Willow 64 

Salix X pendulina Weeping Willow 74 

Salix X rubens Basket Willow 20 

Salix X sepulcralis var. chrysocoma Golden Weeping Willow 74 

Salpichroa origanifolia Pampas Lily-of-the-Valley 210 

Salvia verbenaca Wild Sage 239 

Sambucus nigra Common Elder 100 

Scabiosa atropurpurea Pincushion 128 

Schinus molle Pepper Tree 157 

Sedum praealtum Sedum 210 

Selaginella kraussiana Garden Selaginella 129 

Senecio angulatus Climbing Groundsel 3 

Senecio elegans Purple Groundsel 133 

Senecio jacobaea Ragwort 94 

Senecio pterophorus African Daisy 118 

Senna multiglandulosa Downy Senna 213 

Setaria parviflora Slender Pigeon Grass 242 

Sherardia arvensis Field Madder 229 

Silene conica Striated Catchfly 236 

Silene gallica French Catchfly 236 

Silene longicaulis Portuguese Catchfly 236 

Silene nocturna Mediterranean Catchfly 236 

Silene vulgaris Bladder Campion 236 

Sinapis arvensis Charlock 239 

Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard 230 

Sisymbrium orientale Indian Hedge-mustard 230 

Sisyrinchium iridifolium Striped Rush-leaf 176 

Solanum americanum Glossy Nightshade 121 

Solanum chenopodioides Whitetip Nightshade 121 

Solanum douglasii Douglas’ Nightshade 121 

Solanum furcatum Broad Nightshade 121 

Solanum linnaeanum Apple of Sodom 38 

Solanum mauritianum Wild Tobacco Tree 236 

Solanum nigrum Black Nightshade 121 

Solanum physalifolium Hairy Nightshade 121 

Solanum pseudocapsicum Madeira Winter-cherry 37 

Solanum triflorum Cut-leaf Nightshade 121 

Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle 115 

Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle 115 

Sparaxis bulbifera Harlequin Flower 12 

Sparaxis tricolor Tricolor Harlequin-flower 12 

Spartium junceum Spanish Broom 147 

Spergula arvensis Corn Spurrey 180 

Spergula pentandra Five-stamen Corn-spurrey 179 

Spergularia bocconii Bocconi’s Sand-spurrey 179 

Spergularia media Media Sand Spurrey 180 

Spergularia rubra Red Sand Spurrey 179 

Spiloxene capensis Peacock Flower 237 

Sporobolus africanus Rat-tail Grass 40 

Stachys arvensis Stagger Weed 230 

Stellaria media Chickweed 169 

Stellaria pallida Lesser Chickweed 169 

Stenotaphrum secundatum Buffalo Grass 66 


29



Ranking 



Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 

Suaeda baccifera Berry Seablite 127 

Taraxacum officinale Dandelion 175 

Thinopyrum junceiforme Sea Wheat-grass 19 

Tradescantia fluminensis Wandering Jew 11 

Tragopogon porrifolius Salsify 236 

Tribolium acutiflorum Desmazeria 101 

Tribolium obliterum Cape grass 101 

Trifolium angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover 97 

Trifolium arvense Rabbit’s Foot Clover 98 

Trifolium campestre Large Hop Clover 98 

Trifolium cernuum Drooping-flower Clover 98 

Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover 98 

Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover 98 

Trifolium incarnatum Crimson Clover 206 

Trifolium ornithopodioides Birdsfoot Clover 98 

Trifolium repens White Clover 99 

Trifolium resupinatum Shaftal Clover 98 

Trifolium scabrum Rough Clover 98 

Trifolium striatum Knotted Clover 239 

Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover 240 

Trifolium tomentosum Woolly Clover 239 

Tritonia crocata Orange Tritonia 93 

Tritonia lineata Lined Tritonia 93 

Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium 210 

Ulex europaeus Gorse 15 

Ulmus aff. procera English Elm 156 

Urtica dioica Giant Nettle 187 

Urtica urens Small Nettle 187 

Valerianella eriocarpa Italian Corn-salad 239 

Vellereophyton dealbatum White Cudweed 124 

Verbascum thapsus Woolly Mullein 230 

Verbascum virgatum Twiggy Mullein 230 

Verbena bonariensis Purple-top Verbena 212 

Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue Water-speedwell 236 

Veronica arvensis Wall Speedwell 232 

Veronica catenata Pink Water-speedwell 101 

Veronica persica Persian Speedwell 232 

Vicia hirsuta Tiny Vetch 239 

Vicia monantha Spurred Vetch 239 

Vicia sativa Common Vetch 239 

Vicia tetrasperma Slender Vetch 239 

Vinca major Blue Periwinkle 12 

Viola odorata Common Violet 240 

Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue 115 

Vulpia ciliata Fringed Fescue 115 

Vulpia fasciculata Dune Fescue 115 

Vulpia muralis Wall Fescue 115 

Vulpia myuros Rat’s-tail Fescue 115 

Watsonia borbonica Rosy Watsonia 147 

Watsonia meriana Bulbil Watsonia 12 

Watsonia versfeldii Pink Watsonia 12 

Zantedeschia aethiopica White Arum-lily 21

Appendix 3 

Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy 

forests bioregions of Victoria listed by common name. 

Ranking 

Vic Alert 

National 

Alert 

Common Name Botanical Name 

Score CALP Act Weed Weed WONS 


African Box-thorn Lycium ferocissimum 16 

African Cornflag Chasmanthe floribunda 39 

African Daisy Senecio pterophorus 118 

African Feather-grass Pennisetum macrourum 77 

African Love-grass Eragrostis curvula 11 

African Spur-flower Plectranthus ciliatus 48 

African Weed Orchid Disa bracteata 28 

Agapanthus Agapanthus praecox 57 

Aleppo Pine Pinus halepensis 147 

Alkekengi Physalis alkekengi 214 

Aluminium Plant Lamium galeobdolon 213 

American Crows-foot Grass Eleusine tristachya 239 

American Pennywort Hydrocotyle bonariensis 128 

American Sea Rocket Cakile edentula 134 

Angled Heath Erica quadrangularis 29 

Angled Onion Allium triquetrum 12 

Angled Pigface Carpobrotus aequilaterus 48 

Annual Beard-grass Polypogon monspeliensis 131 

Annual Cat’s-tail Rostraria cristata 185 

Annual Fog Holcus annuus 238 

Annual Meadow-grass Poa annua 178 

Annual Veldt-grass Ehrharta longiflora 13 

Apple Malus pumila 238 

Apple of Sodom Solanum linnaeanum 38 

Argentine Cress Lepidium bonariense 98 

Asparagus Asparagus officinalis 184 

Asparagus Fern Asparagus scandens 10 

Astartea Astartea heteranthera 210 

Aster-weed Aster subulatus 124 

Austrian pine Pinus nigra 66 

Avellinia Avellinia michelii 124 

Awned Club-sedge Isolepis hystrix 122 

Azzarola Crataegus X sinaica 19 

Baboon Flower Babiana angustifolia 102 

Banana Passion-fruit Passiflora tarminiana 74 

Barley-grass Hordeum leporinum 175 

Barnyard Grass Echinochloa crus-galli 239 

Barrel Medic Medicago truncatula 206 

Basket Willow Salix X rubens 20 

Bastard’s Fumitory Fumaria bastardii 95 

Bay Forget-me-not Myosotis laxa 212 

Beach Daisy Arctotheca populifolia 127 

Beaked Hawksbeard Crepis vesicaria 178 

Bearded Oat Avena barbata 214 

Bear’s Breeches Acanthus mollis 159 

Bedding Lobelia Lobelia erinus 228 

Belladonna Lily Amaryllis belladonna 102 

Bent Grass Agrostis castellana 106 

Berry Seablite Suaeda baccifera 127 

Berry-flower Heath Erica baccans 30 

Big Heron’s-bill Erodium botrys 106 

Birdsfoot Clover Trifolium ornithopodioides 98 

Bird’s-foot Trefoil Lotus corniculatus 95 


31

Appendix 3 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed by common name. 

Ranking 



Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 


Bitou Bush 

Chrysanthemoides monilifera 

subsp. rotundata 

19 

Bitter Dock Rumex obtusifolius 185 

Black Bindweed Fallopia convolvulus 73 

Black Medic Medicago lupulina 107 

Black Nightshade Solanum nigrum 121 

Black Passion-fruit Passiflora edulis 240 

Black Willow Salix nigra 64 

Blackberry Rubus anglocandicans 13 

Blackberry Rubus cissburiensis 13 

Blackberry Rubus erythrops 13 

Blackberry Rubus leucostachys 13 

Blackberry Rubus polyanthemus 13 

Blackberry Rubus ulmifolius 13 

Blackberry Rubus vestitus 13 

Bladder Campion Silene vulgaris 236 

Bleeding Heart Tree Homalanthus populifolius 239 

Blind Prickly-pear Opuntia puberula 78 

Blue Canary-grass Phalaris coerulescens 209 

Blue Morning-glory Ipomoea indica 66 

Blue Passion-fruit Passiflora caerulea 210 

Blue Periwinkle Vinca major 12 

Blue Psoralea Psoralea pinnata 66 

Blue Sedge Carex flacca 74 

Blue Spurflower Plectranthus ecklonii 216 

Blue Stars Aristea ecklonii 93 

Blue Water-speedwell Veronica anagallis-aquatica 236 

Bluebell Creeper Billardiera heterophylla 1 

Bocconi’s Sand-spurrey Spergularia bocconii 179 

Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera 13 

Borrer’s Saltmarsh-grass Puccinellia fasciculata 47 

Box-elder Maple Acer negundo 21 

Bracket Plant Chlorophytum comosum 174 

Bridal Creeper Asparagus asparagoides 1 

Bright Bead Cotoneaster Cotoneaster glaucophyllus 28 

Brisbane Golden Wattle Acacia fimbriata 93 

Bristle Oat Avena strigosa 232 

Bristly Hawksbeard Crepis setosa 178 

Broad Nightshade Solanum furcatum 121 

Broad-leaf Cotton-bush Gomphocarpus cancellatus 231 

Brown Mallet Eucalyptus astringens 210 

Brown Watercress Nasturtium microphyllum 104 

Brown-top Bent Agrostis capillaris 106 

Buchan Weed Hirschfeldia incana 203 

Buck’s-horn Plantain Plantago coronopus 125 

Buffalo Grass Stenotaphrum secundatum 66 

Bugloss Anchusa arvensis 227 

Bulbil Watsonia Watsonia meriana 12 

Bulbous Meadow-grass Poa bulbosa 103 

Bulbous Rush Juncus bulbosus 172 

Burr Medic Medicago polymorpha 206 

Californian Poppy Eschscholzia californica 209 

Canadian Fleabane Conyza canadensis 124 

Canary Grass Phalaris canariensis 158 

Canary Island Date-palm Phoenix canariensis 159


Ranking 

Vic Alert 

National 

Alert 



Candelabra Aloe Aloe arborescens 201 

Cane Cactus Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica 93 

Cane Needle-grass Nassella hyalina 22 

Cape Forget-me-not Anchusa capensis 227 

Cape Gooseberry Physalis peruviana 199 

Cape grass Tribolium obliterum 101 

Cape Honey-flower Melianthus major 213 

Cape Ivy Delairea odorata 11 

Cape Province Pygmy Weed Crassula multicava 75 

Cape Wattle Paraserianthes lophantha 39 

Cape Weed Arctotheca calendula 205 

Caper Spurge Euphorbia lathyris 75 

Capitate Rush Juncus capitatus 226 

Carpet Grass Axonopus fissifolius 209 

Castor Oil Plant Ricinus communis 240 

Catmint Nepeta cataria 243 

Cedar Wattle Acacia elata 66 

Celeryleaf Buttercup Ranunculus sceleratus 242 

Century Plant Agave mericana 156 

Chaffweed Anagallis minima 115 

Charlock Sinapis arvensis 239 

Cherry Plum Prunus cerasifera 87 

Chickweed Cerastium fontanum 115 

Chickweed Stellaria media 169 

Childling Pink Petrorhagia nanteuilii 227 

Chile Nailwort Paronychia franciscana 228 

Chilean Needle-grass Nassella neesiana 10 

Chinese Box-thorn Lycium barbarum 199 

Chinese Privet Ligustrum sinense 10 

Chinese Wormwood Artemisia verlotiorum 100 

Cleavers Galium aparine 40 

Climbing Groundsel Senecio angulatus 3 

Cluster Clover Trifolium glomeratum 98 

Cluster Pine Pinus pinaster 3 

Clustered Dock Rumex conglomeratus 185 

Coast Barb-grass Parapholis incurva 49 

Coast Tea-tree Leptospermum laevigatum 12 

Coast Wattle 

Acacia longifolia subsp. 

sophorae 

2 

Coastal Galenia Galenia pubescens 78 

Coastal Gazania Gazania rigens 39 

Cocksfoot Dactylis glomerata 68 

Common Barb-grass Hainardia cylindrica 49 

Common Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis 213 

Common Bitter-cress Cardamine hirsuta 236 

Common Centaury Centaurium erythraea 115 

Common Chamomile Chamaemelum nobile 237 

Common Dipogon Dipogon lignosus 3 

Common Elder Sambucus nigra 100 

Common Evening Primrose Oenothera stricta 239 

Common Heron’s-bill Erodium cicutarium 106 

Common Ice-plant 

Mesembryanthemum 

crystallinum 

77 

Common Peppercress Lepidium africanum 107 

Common Prickly-pear Opuntia stricta 78 

Common Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia 211 


33


Ranking 

Vic Alert 

National 

Alert 



Common Soap Aloe Aloe maculata 219 

Common Sow-thistle Sonchus oleraceus 115 

Common Thorn-apple Datura stramonium 240 

Common Toad-flax Linaria vulgaris 240 

Common Vetch Vicia sativa 239 

Common Violet Viola odorata 240 

Cootamundra Wattle Acacia baileyana 93 

Corn Spurrey Spergula arvensis 180 

Couch Cynodon dactylon 99 

Crack Willow Salix fragilis 20 

Crassula Crassula natans 73 

Creeping Bent Agrostis stolonifera 97 

Creeping Buttercup Ranunculus repens 23 

Creeping Feather-moss Amblystegium serpens 37 

Creeping Fog Holcus mollis 211 

Crested Dog’s-tail Cynosurus cristatus 175 

Cretan Hedypnois Hedypnois cretica 184 

Crimson Clover Trifolium incarnatum 206 

Curled Dock Rumex crispus 185 

Curtis’s Mouse-ear Chickweed Cerastium pumilum 115 

Cut-leaf Bramble Rubus laciniatus 13 

Cut-leaf Crane’s-bill Geranium dissectum 104 

Cut-leaf Nightshade Solanum triflorum 121 

Daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus 228 

Dandelion Taraxacum officinale 175 

Darnel Lolium temulentum 206 

Delicate Hair-grass Aira elegantissima 115 

Dense-flower Fumitory Fumaria densiflora 92 

Desert Ash Fraxinus angustifolia 11 

Desmazeria Tribolium acutiflorum 101 

Diosma Coleonema pulchellum 201 

Divided Sedge Carex divisa 74 

Dog Rose Rosa canina 172 

Dotted Sedge Carex punctata 74 

Douglas’ Nightshade Solanum douglasii 121 

Dove’s Foot Geranium molle 104 

Downy Senna Senna multiglandulosa 213 

Drain Flat-sedge Cyperus eragrostis 94 

Drooping-flower Clover Trifolium cernuum 98 

Dune Fescue Vulpia fasciculata 115 

Dusky Coral-pea Kennedia rubicunda 231 

Early Black-wattle Acacia decurrens 120 

Early Hair-grass Aira praecox 115 

Early Meadow-grass Poa infirma 103 

English Bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta 210 

English Broom Cytisus scoparius 3 

English Couch Elytrigia repens 101 

English Daisy Bellis perennis 185 

English Elm Ulmus aff. procera 156 

English Holly Ilex aquifolium 73 

English Ivy Hedera helix 10 

Erect Chickweed Moenchia erecta 172 

Espartillo Achnatherum caudatum 155 

European Privet Ligustrum vulgare 10 

European Sea Rocket Cakile maritima 134 



Ranking 

Vic Alert 

National 

Alert 



Evening-flower Gladiolus Gladiolus tristis 66 

False Brome Brachypodium distachyon 236 

False Hair Grass Pentaschistis airoides 133 

False Oat Grass Arrhenatherum elatius 93 

Fat Hen Chenopodium album 187 

Feathertop Pennisetum villosum 215 

Fennel Foeniculum vulgare 101 

Fern Grass Catapodium rigidum 50 

Ferny Cotula Cotula bipinnata 212 

Fiddle-leaf Dock Rumex pulcher 185 

Field Forget-me-not Myosotis arvensis 239 

Field Madder Sherardia arvensis 229 

Fine-leaved Sandwort Minuartia mediterranea 119 

Five-stamen Corn-spurrey Spergula pentandra 179 

Flannel Flower Actinotus helianthii 182 

Flatweed Hypochoeris radicata 115 

Flax Linum usitatissimum 240 

Flax-leaf Broom Genista linifolia 12 

Flaxleaf Fleabane Conyza bonariensis 124 

Flinders Range Wattle Acacia iteaphylla 228 

Fountain Grass Pennisetum setaceum 200 

Four-leaved Allseed Polycarpon tetraphyllum 115 

Foxglove Digitalis purpurea 239 

Freesia Freesia alba x Freesia leichtlinii 39 

Freesia Freesia laxa 39 

French Catchfly Silene gallica 236 

French Flax Linum trigynum 240 

Fringed Fescue Vulpia ciliata 115 

Fuchsia Fuchsia magellanica 100 

Fumitory Fumaria officinalis 92 

Galenia Galenia secunda 75 

Gallant Soldier Galinsoga parviflora 173 

Garden Selaginella Selaginella kraussiana 129 

Gazania Gazania linearis 39 

Giant Honey-myrtle Melaleuca armillaris 66 

Giant Knotweed Fallopia sachalinensis 73 

Giant Nettle Urtica dioica 187 

Giant Reed Arundo donax 156 

Glandular Willow-herb Epilobium ciliatum 130 

Glossy Abelia Abelia X grandiflora 216 

Glossy Nightshade Solanum americanum 121 

Golden Weeping Willow 

Salix X sepulcralis var. 

chrysocoma 

74 

Golden Wreath Wattle Acacia saligna 93 

Golden-top Lamarckia aurea 241 

Goose-grass Eleusine indica 239 

Gorse Ulex europaeus 15 

Gosford Wattle Acacia prominens 66 

Great Brome Bromus diandrus 103 

Great Willow-herb Epilobium hirsutum 130 

Greater Bird’s-foot Trefoil Lotus uliginosus 95 

Greater Herb-Robert Geranium yeoi 104 

Greater Plantain Plantago major 188 

Green Cotoneaster Cotoneaster divaricatus 82 

Green Honey-myrtle Melaleuca diosmifolia 39 


35


Ranking 

Vic Alert 

National 

Alert 



Green Poison-berry Cestrum parqui 209 

Greenbush Callistachys lanceolata 93 

Grey Cotoneaster Cotoneaster franchetii 28 

Grey Honey Mrytle Melaleuca incana 240 

Grey Poplar Populus X canescens 155 

Grey Sallow Salix cinerea 10 

Ground Asparagus Asparagus aethiopicus 227 

Hairy Bird’s-foot Trefoil Lotus subbiflorus 95 

Hairy Nightshade Solanum physalifolium 121 

Hairy Toadflax Kickxia elatine 227 

Hairy Wood-sorrel Oxalis hirta 102 

Hare’s-tail Grass Lagurus ovatus 124 

Harlequin Flower Sparaxis bulbifera 12 

Hastate Orache Atriplex prostrata 185 

Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna 19 

Heart-leaf Ice-plant Aptenia cordifolia 75 

Heath Grass Danthonia decumbens 182 

Hedge Mustard Sisymbrium officinale 230 

Hemlock Conium maculatum 215 

High Mallow Malva sylvestris 231 

Hillock Bush Melaleuca hypericifolia 39 

Himalayan Honeysuckle Leycesteria formosa 10 

Horehound Marrubium vulgare 212 

Horestails Equisetum spp. 21 

Hottentot Fig Carpobrotus edulis 48 

Illyrian Thistle Onopordum illyricum 232 

Indian Fumitory Fumaria indica 92 

Indian Hedge-mustard Sisymbrium orientale 230 

Indian Strawberry Potentilla indica 209 

Irish Strawberry Tree Arbutus unedo 146 

Italian Buckthorn Rhamnus alaternus 10 

Italian Corn-salad Valerianella eriocarpa 239 

Italian Cuckoo-pint Arum italicum 75 

Italian Rye-grass Lolium multiflorum 206 

Japanese Honeysuckle Lonicera japonica 11 

Japaneset Knotweed Fallopia japonica 64 

Jointed Rush Juncus articulatus 49 

Juniper Myrtle Agonis juniperina 147 

Kaffir Box-thorn Lycium afrum 199 

Karamu Coprosma robusta 64 

Karo Pittosporum crassifolium 212 

Karroo Thorn Acacia karroo 3 

Kentucky Blue-grass Poa pratensis 214 

Kikuyu Pennisetum clandestinum 66 

Knotted Clover Trifolium striatum 239 

Lachenalia Lachenalia spp. 240 

Large Hop Clover Trifolium campestre 98 

Large Quaking-grass Briza maxima 44 

Large-flower Wood-sorrel Oxalis purpurea 48 

Large-leaf Privet Ligustrum lucidum 10 

Large-leaf Wood-sorrel Oxalis latifolia 39 

Lemon Balm Melissa officinalis 237 

Lesser Broomrape Orobanche minor 229 

Lesser Canary-grass Phalaris minor 158 

Lesser Centaury Centaurium pulchellum 124 



Ranking 

Vic Alert 


Score CALP Act Weed 

Lesser Chickweed Stellaria pallida 169 

Lesser Hawkbit Leontodon taraxacoides 115 

Lesser Quaking-grass Briza minor 125 

Lesser Swine-cress Lepidium didymum 230 

Lesser Thyme-leaved Sandwort Arenaria leptoclados 187 

Lilaea Lilaea scilloides 210 

Lilypilly Acmena smithii 157 

Lined Tritonia Tritonia lineata 93 

Little Medic Medicago minima 242 

Little Mouse-ear Chickweed Cerastium semidecandrum 115 

Locust Tree Robinia pseudoacacia 213 

Lombardy Poplar Populus nigra ‘Italica’ 155 

Long-headed Poppy Papaver dubium 239 

Long-tube Ixia Ixia paniculata 39 

Loquat Eriobotrya japonica 210 

Lotus Lotus creticus 101 

Madeira Vine Anredera cordifolia 102 

Madeira Winter-cherry Solanum pseudocapsicum 37 

Madrid Brome Bromus madritensis 103 

Mallow of Nice Malva nicaeensis 231 

Malta Thistle Centaurea melitensis 178 

Manna Grass Glyceria declinata 20 

Marram Grass Ammophila arenaria 24 

Marsh Fox-tail Alopecurus geniculatus 92 

Marsh Yellow-cress Rorippa palustris 52 

Mauve Honey Myrtle Melaleuca nesophila 102 

Meadow Fox-tail Alopecurus pratensis 92 

Media Sand Spurrey Spergularia media 180 

Mediterranean Barley-grass Hordeum hystrix 175 

Mediterranean Beard Grass Polypogon maritimus 131 

Mediterranean Catchfly Silene nocturna 236 

Mexican Feather Grass Nassella tenuissima 10 

Mexican Love-grass Eragrostis mexicana 20 

Mexican Tea Chenopodium ambrosioides 130 

Minor Mouse-ear Cerastium balearicum 115 

Mirror Bush Coprosma repens 10 

Montbretia Crocosmia X crocosmiiflora 12 

Monterey Cypress Cupressus macrocarpa 65 

Montpellier Broom Genista monspessulana 12 

Montpellier Cistus Cistus monspeliensis 102 

Mount Morgan Wattle Acacia podalyriifolia 228 

Musky Heron’s-bill Erodium moschatum 106 

Myrtle-leaf Milkwort Polygala myrtifolia 12 

Narrow-leaf Clover Trifolium angustifolium 97 

Nasturtium Tropaeolum majus 210 

Neat Feather-moss Pseudoscleropodium purum 127 

New Zealand Cabbage-tree Cordyline australis 238 

Nit-grass Gastridium phleoides 238 

Northern Barley-grass Hordeum glaucum 175 

Notch-leaf Sea-lavender Limonium sinuatum 185 

Oakleaf Pelargonium Pelargonium quercifolium 216 

Oat Avena sativa 214 

Old Man’s Beard Clematis vitalba 74 

Olive Olea europaea 64 

One-leaf Cape-tulip Moraea flaccida 213 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 


37



Ranking 


Onion Grass Romulea rosea 242 

Onion Weed Asphodelus fistulosus 188 

Opium Poppy Papaver somniferum 239 

Orange Firethorn Pyracantha angustifolia 235 

Orange Fox-tail Alopecurus aequalis 92 

Orange Tritonia Tritonia crocata 93 

Oval Heron’s-bill Erodium malacoides 106 

Ovens Wattle Acacia pravissima 213 

Ox-eye Daisy Leucanthemum vulgare 95 

Ox-tongue Helminthotheca echioides 94 

Pale Hairy Buttercup Ranunculus sardous 215 

Pale Wood-sorrel Oxalis incarnata 39 

Pampas Grass Cortaderia selloana 55 

Pampas Lily-of-the-Valley Salpichroa origanifolia 210 

Panic Veldt-grass Ehrharta erecta 13 

Paradoxical Canary-grass Phalaris paradoxa 158 

Parsley Petroselinum crispum 243 

Parsley Piert Aphanes arvensis 121 

Paspalum Paspalum dilatatum 97 

Paterson’s Curse Echium plantagineum 89 

Peacock Flower Spiloxene capensis 237 

Pelisser’s Toad-flax Linaria pelisseriana 240 

Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium 102 

Pepper Tree Schinus molle 157 

Perennial Rye-grass Lolium perenne 207 

Perennial Veldt-grass Ehrharta calycina 1 

Persian Speedwell Veronica persica 232 

Petty Spurge Euphorbia peplus 175 

Pig’s Ear Cotyledon orbiculata 156 

Pimpernel Anagallis arvensis 115 

Pincushion Scabiosa atropurpurea 128 

Pincushion Hakea Hakea laurina 93 

Pink Pampas-grass Cortaderia jubata 55 

Pink Water-speedwell Veronica catenata 101 

Pink Watsonia Watsonia versfeldii 12 

Pink Wood-sorrel Oxalis debilis 102 

Portuguese Catchfly Silene longicaulis 236 

Prairie Grass Bromus catharticus 95 

Prickly Lettuce Lactuca serriola 178 

Prickly Sow-thistle Sonchus asper 115 

Prickly Spiderflower Grevillea juniperina 210 

Purple Broom Polygala virgata 93 

Purple Groundsel Senecio elegans 133 

Purple Hopbush Dodonaea viscosa cv. purpurea 210 

Purple-top Verbena Verbena bonariensis 212 

Quicksilver Grass Aira cupaniana 115 

Rabbit’s Foot Clover Trifolium arvense 98 

Radiata Pine Pinus radiata 3 

Ragwort Senecio jacobaea 94 

Rambling Dock Acetosa sagittata 167 

Rat’s-tail Fescue Vulpia myuros 115 

Rat-tail Grass Sporobolus africanus 40 

Red Bartsia Parentucellia latifolia 242 

Red Brome Bromus rubens 103 

Red Fescue Festuca rubra 200 


Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS


Ranking 

Vic Alert 

National 

Alert 



Red Sand Spurrey Spergularia rubra 179 

Red Valerian Centranthus ruber 48 

Reddish Evening-primrose Oenothera glazioviana 185 

Red-flower Mallow Modiola caroliniana 233 

Red-hot Poker Kniphofia uvaria 92 

Red-ink Weed Phytolacca octandra 163 

Redshank Persicaria maculosa 166 

Red-top Bent Agrostis gigantea 157 

Reed Canary-grass Phalaris arundinacea 158 

Reed Sweet-grass Glyceria maxima 20 

Regal Pelargonium Pelargonium X domesticum 216 

Ribwort Plantago lanceolata 179 

Rice Millet Piptatherum miliaceum 209 

Riverina Pear Opuntia cardiosperma 78 

Riviera Sea-lavender Limonium companyonis 186 

Rockrose Cistus inflatus 102 

Rodondo Creeper Drosanthemum candens 75 

Rosy Watsonia Watsonia borbonica 147 

Rough Clover Trifolium scabrum 98 

Rough Conyza Conyza primulaefolia 124 

Rough Dog’s-tail Cynosurus echinatus 175 

Rush Juncus fontanesii 101 

Saffron Thistle Carthamus lanatus 124 

Sallow Wattle 

Acacia longifolia subsp. 

longifolia 

38 

Salsify Tragopogon porrifolius 236 

Sand Bird’s-foot Ornithopus pinnatus 172 

Sand Rocket Diplotaxis tenuifolia 231 

Scarlet Bottlebrush Callistemon rugulosus 228 

Scotch Thistle Onopordum acanthium 241 

Sea Barley-grass Hordeum marinum 175 

Sea Centaury Centaurium maritimum 124 

Sea Mouse-ear Chickweed Cerastium diffusum 115 

Sea Radish Raphanus maritimus 101 

Sea Spurge Euphorbia paralias 49 

Sea Wheat-grass Thinopyrum junceiforme 19 

Seaside Daisy Erigeron karvinskianus 172 

Sedum Sedum praealtum 210 

Serrated Tussock Nassella trichotoma 10 

Shaftal Clover Trifolium resupinatum 98 

Sharp Buttercup Ranunculus muricatus 131 

Shasta Daisy Leucanthemum maximum 240 

Sheep Sorrel Acetosella vulgaris 124 

Shepherd’s Purse Capsella bursa-pastoris 187 

Shrubby Crassula Crassula tetragona 75 

Shrubby Daisybush Osteospermum fruticosum 201 

Sicilian Sea-lavender Limonium hyblaeum 186 

Silky Cudweed Gamochaeta calviceps 238 

Silky Hakea Hakea sericea 39 

Silky Oak Grevillea robusta 210 

Silky Plantain Plantago bellardii 242 

Silky Podalyria Podalyria sericea 93 

Silverweed Potentilla anserina 240 

Silvery Hair-grass Aira caryophyllea 115 

Slender Barb-grass Parapholis strigosa 49 


39


Ranking 

Vic Alert 

National 

Alert 



Slender Bedstraw Galium divaricatum 130 

Slender Bird’s-foot Trefoil Lotus angustissimus 239 

Slender Celery Ciclospermum leptophyllum 188 

Slender Centaury Centaurium tenuiflorum 115 

Slender Cicendia Cicendia filiformis 184 

Slender False Brome Brachypodium sylvaticum 236 

Slender Pigeon Grass Setaria parviflora 242 

Slender Thistle Carduus pycnocephalus 187 

Slender Vetch Vicia tetrasperma 239 

Small Goosegrass Galium murale 130 

Small Nettle Urtica urens 187 

Small Piert Aphanes microcarpa 122 

Small-flower Buttercup Ranunculus parviflorus 239 

Small-flower Mallow Malva parviflora 177 

Small-flower Onion-grass Romulea minutiflora 242 

Smooth Cat’s-ear Hypochoeris glabra 115 

Smooth Fleabane Conyza bilbaoana 124 

Smooth Hawksbeard Crepis capillaris 178 

Soft Brome Bromus hordeaceus 184 

Soft Rush Juncus effusus 106 

Sour Grass Oxalis articulata 102 

Soursob Oxalis pes-caprae 39 

Southern Plantain Plantago australis 182 

Sowbane Chenopodium murale 187 

Spanish Broom Spartium junceum 147 

Spanish Heath Erica lusitanica 2 

Spear Orache Atriplex patula 185 

Spear Thistle Cirsium vulgare 115 

Spearmint Mentha spicata 240 

Spiny Broom Calicotome spinosa 201 

Spiny Emex Emex australis 130 

Spiny Rush Juncus acutus 107 

Spiny-fruit Rush Juncus oxycarpus 228 

Spoonleaf Purple Everlasting Gamochaeta purpurea 232 

Spotted Gum Corymbia maculata 213 

Spotted Medic Medicago arabica 95 

Spreading Pearlwort Sagina procumbens 217 

Spring Star-flower Ipheion uniflorum 66 

Spurred Vetch Vicia monantha 239 

Square Cicendia Cicendia quadrangularis 184 

Squirrel-tail Fescue Vulpia bromoides 115 

St John’s Wort Hypericum perforatum 95 

St Peter’s Wort Hypericum tetrapterum 101 

Stagger Weed Stachys arvensis 230 

Star Thistle Centaurea calcitrapa 238 

Sticky Ground-cherry Physalis viscosa 211 

Sticky Mouse-ear Chickweed Cerastium glomeratum 115 

Sticky Wattle Acacia howittii 201 

Stiff Rye-grass Lolium loliaceum 206 

Stiff Sand-grass Catapodium marinum 47 

Stink Grass Eragrostis cilianensis 212 

Stinking Hawksbeard Crepis foetida 178 

Stinking Mayweed Anthemis cotula 236 

Stinkwort Dittrichia graveolens 106 

Stock Matthiola incana 240 




Ranking 


Stone Pine Pinus pinea 159 

Strapwort Corrigiola litoralis 181 

Striated Catchfly Silene conica 236 

String Rush Juncus capillaceus 227 

Striped Rush-leaf Sisyrinchium iridifolium 176 

Subterranean Clover Trifolium subterraneum 240 

Suckling Clover Trifolium dubium 98 

Sugar Gum Eucalyptus cladocalyx 210 

Summer Grass Digitaria sanguinalis 230 

Swan Plant Gomphocarpus fruticosus 231 

Sweet Alyssum Lobularia maritima 240 

Sweet Briar Rosa rubiginosa 172 

Sweet Hakea Hakea drupacea 12 

Sweet Melilot Melilotus indicus 176 

Sweet Pittosporum Pittosporum undulatum 4 

Sweet Vernal-grass Anthoxanthum odoratum 14 

Sycamore Maple Acer pseudoplatanus 78 

Taiwan Lily Lilium formosanum 237 

Tall Fescue Festuca arundinacea 149 

Tall Fleabane Conyza albida 124 

Tall Fleabane Conyza sumatrensis 124 

Tall Moring-glory Ipomoea purpurea 66 

Tall Wheat-grass Lophopyrum ponticum 64 

Tarata Pittosporum eugenioides 212 

Tazetta Narcissus tazetta 228 

Texas Needle-grass Nassella leucotricha 10 

Thread Water-starwort Callitriche hamulata 125 

Three Part Crassula Crassula alata 127 

Thyme-leaf Sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia 187 

Tiger Pear Opuntia aurantiaca 78 

Timothy Grass Phleum pratense 242 

Tiny Vetch Vicia hirsuta 239 

Tiny-headed Rush Juncus microcephalus 49 

Toowoomba Canary-grass Phalaris aquatica 68 

Topped Lavender Lavandula stoechas 216 

Totem-poles Melaleuca decussata 237 

Tree Heath Erica arborea 65 

Tree Lucerne Chamaecytisus palmensis 30 

Tree Lupin Lupinus arboreus 240 

Tree Mallow Malva dendromorpha 228 

Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima 156 

Tree Tobacco Nicotiana glauca 242 

Tricolor Harlequin-flower Sparaxis tricolor 12 

Tuart Eucalyptus gomphocephala 210 

Tufted Honey-flower Melianthus comosus 216 

Tutsan Hypericum androsaemum 184 

Twiggy Mullein Verbascum virgatum 230 

Two-leaf Cape-tulip Moraea miniata 213 

Two-row Barley Hordeum distichon 166 

Variable Ixia Ixia polystachya 39 

Vasey Grass Paspalum urvillei 209 

Velvet Cotoneaster Cotoneaster pannosus 28 

Velvety Pink Petrorhagia dubia 227 

Viper’s Bugloss Echium vulgare 94 

Wall Brome Bromus tectorum 211 

Vic Alert 

Weed 

National 

Alert 

Weed WONS 


41


Ranking 

Vic Alert 

National 

Alert 



Wall Fescue Vulpia muralis 115 

Wall Fumitory Fumaria muralis 95 

Wall Pellitory Parietaria judaica 239 

Wall Rocket Diplotaxis muralis 231 

Wall Speedwell Veronica arvensis 232 

Wallflower Erysimum cheiri 237 

Wandering Jew Tradescantia fluminensis 11 

Water Bent Polypogon viridis 128 

Watercress Nasturtium officinale 105 

Weeping Willow Salix babylonica 74 

Weeping Willow Salix X pendulina 74 

Western Australian Willow Mrytle Agonis flexuosa 147 

Western Coastal Wattle Acacia cyclops 29 

Wheel Cactus Opuntia robusta 78 

White Arctotis Arctotis stoechadifolia 210 

White Arum-lily Zantedeschia aethiopica 21 

White Bladder-flower Araujia sericifera 199 

White Clover Trifolium repens 99 

White Cudweed Vellereophyton dealbatum 124 

White Fumitory Fumaria capreolata 95 

White Kunzea Kunzea ambigua 39 

White Poplar Populus alba 155 

White Sallow-wattle Acacia floribunda 213 

White Turnip Brassica rapa 242 

White Willow Salix alba 20 

Whitetip Nightshade Solanum chenopodioides 121 

Whitlow Wort Paronychia brasiliana 228 

Wild Barley Hordeum murinum 175 

Wild Gladiolus Gladiolus undulatus 12 

Wild Oat Avena fatua 214 

Wild Radish Raphanus raphanistrum 215 

Wild Sage Salvia verbenaca 239 

Wild Teasel Dipsacus fullonum 216 

Wild Tobacco Tree Solanum mauritianum 236 

Willow-leaf Hakea Hakea salicifolia 213 

Willow-leaf Lettuce Lactuca saligna 178 

Wimmera Rye-grass Lolium rigidum 206 

Winter Euryops Euryops abrotanifolius 93 

Wireweed Polygonum arenastrum 101 

Wireweed Polygonum aviculare 242 

Wirilda Acacia retinodes 51 

Wood Bitter-cress Cardamine flexuosa 236 

Wood Forget-me-not Myosotis sylvatica 11 

Wood-sorrel Oxalis brasiliensis 102 

Woolly Clover Trifolium tomentosum 239 

Woolly Mullein Verbascum thapsus 230 

Yellow Alkanet Nonea lutea 240 

Yellow Alstroemeria Alstroemeria aurea 102 

Yellow Bartsia Parentucellia viscosa 242 

Yellow Flag Iris Iris pseudacorus 46 

Yellow Horned-poppy Glaucium flavum 133 

Yellow Ixia Ixia maculata 38 

Yellow Woodsorrel Oxalis corniculata 242 

Yellow-and-blue Forget-me-not Myosotis discolor 212 

Yorkshire Fog Holcus lanatus 13 


www.dse.vic.gov.au

Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains

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