Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FLORA OF SURINAME
EDITED BY
VOL. V. PART I
MORACEAE
BY
URTICACEAE
BY
M.J.M. DE ROOIJ
LEIDEN
E. J. BRILL
1975
MORACEAEt
BY
GENE RA L R E M A R K S
to follow the traditional concept and at this moment to deal with them as
part of the M oraceae.
From the fact that recent collections have revealed the occurrence of
species new for Surinam, it may be concluded that still more species
which are new for S urinam will be found on further botanical explora
tion. A few species, expected on account of their assumed area of distri
bution are also included in this paper.
PHYTOG EOG R A P H I C A L R E M A R K S
LITERATU R E CITED
BAILLON, H., 1 875. Stirpes exoticae novae. Adansonia 1 1 : 292-3 1 2.
BERG, C.C., 1 972. Flora Neotropica Monograph 7. Olmedieae and Brosimeae
( M oraceae) . New York.
B U RGER, W.C., 1 962. S tudies in New World Moraceae: Trophis, Clarisia,
Acanthinophylum. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard . 49: 1 -34.
-, LANJOUW, J . , & J . G . WESSELS BOER, 1 962. The genus Sorocea St. Hi!.
( M orae.). Acta Bot. Neerl. 1 1 : 428-477.
CHEW WEE-LEK, 1 963. A revision of the genus Poikilospermum ( Urticaceae).
Gard. Bull. Singapore 20: 1 - 1 03.
COHEN, A. & J.J. van EIJK, 1 953. Klassificatie en ontstaan van savannen in
Suri name. Geologie en Mij nbouw l l . 1 5: 202-2 1 4.
CORNER, E.J . H . , 1 962. The classification of Moraceae. Gard. Bull. S ingapore
1 9 : 1 87-252.
DON S ELAAR, J. VAN, 1 965. An ecological and phytogeographic study of northern
Surinam savannas. The vegetation of Surinam 4.
DUCKE, A. , 1 922. Plantes nouvelles et peu connues de la region Amazonnienne.
Arch. Jard . Bot. R io de Janeiro 3 : 1 -28 1.
-, 1 939. Plantes nouvelles et peu connues de la region A mazonienne. Arq. Serv. Flor.
Rio de Janeiro 1: 1 -40.
MACBRIDE, J . F . , 19 37. Flora of Peru. M oraceae. Pub!. Field Mus. Bot. 1 3(2.2):
274-3 3 1 .
M IQU EL, F.A.W., 1 85 3. U rticineae i n Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 4( 1 ) : 76-2 1 8.
PITTIER, H . , 1 9 1 2. New and N oteworthy plants from Colombia and Central
America Ill. Moraceae. The American genera of Olmedieae. Contr. U . S .
Nat. Herb 1 3: 43 1 -443.
RENNER, 0., 1 907. Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Artocarpeen und
Conocephaleen, insondere der Gattung Ficus. Bot. Jahrb. 39: 3 1 9-448.
TRECUL, A., 1 847. Sur la famille des Artocarpees. Ann. Sci . Nat. Bot. I l l . 8: 38-
1 57.
WOODSON , R . E . , 1 960, Flora of Panama. Moraceac. Ann. M issouri Bot. Gard.
47(2): 1 1 4- 1 78.
MORACEAE 1 77
KEY TO T H E GENERAl 2
Benoist).
asperous leaves, etc., are j uvenile forms. H owever, trees from which such
leaves have been collected appear to reach the same height as those of B.
ti/iifolia. Evidence seems to indicate more and more that Bagassa has
only a single species: B. guianensis.
a. Twigs and leaves more or less scabrous, leaf tips long-acuminate I.B. guianensis
b. Twigs and leaves puberulous (white curved hairs), leaf tips short-acuminate to
acute . . . .. . . . .. .. .
. . . . . . ..
. . . . . . . .. . . .
. . . . ..
. . . . . 2. B. tiliifolia
. . . . .
Van Donselaar 1 097; Lanjouw & Lindeman 2433; LBB 1 3403; Lindeman 5958.
Laurea tiliifolia Gaudichaud, Voy. Bonite t. 88. 1844; d' Alleizette, Explication et
Description des Planches de !'Atlas de Voy. Bonite 1 57. 1866, deser.
T y p e : Gaudichaud, Voy. Bonite t. 88. 1 844; probably drawn from coil. Martin
s.n. fr om French Guiana.
In Surinam known from forests of the interior and the savanna belt.
When food is lacking people i n the forest drink the milky latex of this
tree.
3 . Clarisia Ruiz & Pavon, Prodr. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1 28 . 1 794, nom.
conserv . ; Lanj ouw, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 3 3 : 254. 1 936; Burger,
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard . 49: 1 . 1 962; Berg, Acta Bot. N eerl.
1 7: 309. 1 968.
Pavon).
Soaresia Fr . Allemao, Revista Braz. 1 : 2 1 0. 1 857 (non Soaresia Schultz Bip.).
T y p e s p e c i e s : Soaresia nitida Fr. Allenao ( Clarisia racemosa Ruiz &
=
Pavon).
Acanthinophyllum Fr. Allema o, Revista Braz. 1 : 368, 1 858.
T y p e s p e c i e s : Acanthinophyllum strepitans Fr. Allema o ( Clarisia
=
a. Costa of the leaves prominent above; uncinate hairs present; pistil late inflo-
rescences capitate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. C. ilicifolia
b. Costa of the leaves plane to sli g htly impressed above; uncinate hairs lack ing;
pistillate inflorescences uniflorous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. C. racemosa
I. Ciarisia racemosa Ruiz & Pavan, Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chi!. 25 5 .
1 798.
Fig. I Clarisia racemosa; leaf, staminate inflorescences (C. Blanco 509), pistillate
inflorescences (Ducke 1305 1 ) and infructescences (Prance et al. I 0488).
1 84 MORACEAE
BW 4968.
2. Clarisia ilicifolia (Sprengel) Lanj ouw & Rossberg, Rec. Trav. Bot.
Neerl. 33: 7 1 7. 1 936.
Excoecaria ilicifolia Sprengel, Neue Entdeckungen 2: 1 1 7. 1 82 1 .
Acanth\nophyllum ilicifo1ia (Sprenge1) W . Burger, Ann. Missouri
Bot. Gard . 49 : 27. 1 962.
Van Donselaar 1 22 1 , 1 300, 208 2 , 33 1 8 ; Florschi.itz 1 633; Jonker & Dan iels 1 079, 1 08 1 ;
Lindeman 4778, 5053 , 5 1 78 , 6 1 6 1 , 6458, 6776; Stahel Exp. Wilh. Geb. 1 20; Wessels
Boer 1 080.
2. Sorocea St. H ilaire, M em. M us. H ist. Nat. Paris 7: 473 . 1821; Burger,
Lanj ouw & Wessels Boer, Acta Bot Neerl. 11: 428. 1962.
Balanostreblus Kurz, Jour. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 42: 247. 1 873.
T y p e s p e c i e s : Balanostreblus ilicifolia Kurz ( Sorocea guilleminiana
=
Gaudichaud).
Pseudosorocea Baillon, Adan sonia 1 1 : 296. 1 875.
L e c t o t y p e s p e c i e s : Pseudosorocea bonplandii Baillon ( Sorocea bon
=
Burger).
lar vascularized part, covering a concave unfused part of the equal cotyle
dons, radicle short, deflexed .
Burger, Lanj ouw and Wessels Boer ( 1 962) revised the genus and divided
it into the subgenera Sorocea and Paraclarisia. The two closely related
species known from Surinam belong to the former subgenus. All Pseudo
sorocea species described by Baillon (Adansonia 1 1 : 295 . 1 875) proved to
belong to Sorocea. P. poeppigii was mentioned among the synonyms of
Acanthinophyllum ilicifolia by Burger (Ann. M issouri Bot. Gard. 49: 27.
1 962). Baillon's description refers at least for the greater part to a speci
men of S. muriculata. This specimen and a specimen of Clarisia ilicifolia
( Acan thinophyllum ilicifolia) were mounted on the same sheet. In 1 9 1 4
=
Rojas Acosta described Trophisomia edulis (in Bull . Geogr. Bot. 24:
2 1 1 ). The description is based on N iederlein 3359 from A rgentina
(Chaco). The vernacular name is yatita. This species is so poorly descri
bed that it is not possible to be certain about its identity; it might be con
specific with Sorocea saxicola Hassler, for which the same vernacular
name is known.
I a. Petioles 3-9 mm long, mostly with sparse, not distinctly patent, minute hairs
or almost glabrous; pistillate inflorescences 1 -4 mm long, usually subcapitate,
with 3-9 flowers; fruiting perianth ellipsoid to cylind rical 2. S. guayanensis
b. Petioles 1 .5-4(-7) mm long, usually with rather sparse, often distinctly patent,
minute hairs; pistillate inflorescences 5-25 mm long, distinctly spicate, with
6- 1 6 flowers; fruiting perianth (sub )globose, usually basally more or less
muriculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. S. muriculata
E
u
Florschiitz & Maas 2805; Oldenburger, Norde & Schulz I 1 27, 1 402; Stahel
Exp. Wilh. Geb. 1 4 3 .
Shrubs or trees up to 8 m tall. Leafy twigs 0. 5-3( -4) mm thick, sparsely mi
nutely puberulous to almost glabrous. Leaves oblong to (narrowly) lance
olate, mostly broadest above the middle and slightly inequilateral, (2. 5-)
4.5- 1 8 . 5 cm long, ( 1 -) 1 .5-7 cm broad , chartaceous to subcoriaceous, acu
minate to caudate, acute to subobtuse at the base; margin entire or more
or less slightly dentate toward s the apex; glabrovs or with sparse hairs on
the costa beneath; above the costa slightly impressed, the other veins
slightly prominent to plane, the veins beneath more or less prominent, ( 7-)
9- 1 3 pairs of secondary veins, without distinct parallel tertiary veins; pe
tioles 3-9 mm long, very sparsely and minutely puberulous to almost gla
brous; stipules 2-4 mm long, usually with sparse minute hairs.
Staminate inflorescences 2-2.5 cm long, including the 1 -2 mm long pu
berulous peduncle; flowers rather distant at anthesis, sessile; tepals 4,
MORACEAE 191
Neither the vegetative parts nor the staminate inflorescences and flowers
afford satisfactory characters for separating Sorocea guyanensis from S.
muricu/ata. H owever, the pistillate i nflorescences, especially when bear
ing fruiting perianths, do give some good differentiating characters.
Both the resemblances and the nature of the differences j ustify the ques
tion as to whether the two taxa should be regarded as distinct at the speci
fic level. Burger, Lanj ouw & Wessels Boer ( l 962) noted that S. guayanen
sis has blackish fruiting perianths; this was based on the field notes given
for some collections from Guyana. However, these collections differ
from the type collection in several characters and belong to another (still
undescribed?) species.
* The fruiting perianth turns black when fully mature at least in
(Aublet) Huber).
Ferolia Aublet, PI. Gui . Suppl. 7. 1 77 5 . nom. rejic:1)
T y p e s p e ci e s : Ferolia guianensis Aublet ( Brosimum rubescens Taubert).
=
Geij skes 5; Lanjouw & Lindeman 2945; Lindeman 446 1. s . n . (inflorescences only);
Schmidt s.n.
The leaves are often markedly convex and therefore dry irregularly
folded in the press. B. acutifolium ssp. interjectum occurs in western
Para and eastern Amazonas; B. acutifolium ssp. obovatum occurs in
Brazil (Amazon Basin, west from M anaus), Peru, and Guyana.
veins more or less prominent above, the veins beneath prominent, 1 0-20
pairs of secondary veins, a few parallel tertiary veins; petioles .5- l 0 mm
long, often blackish; stipules free, not fully amplexicaul, 6- 1 0 mm long,
sparsely puberulous, often with prominent veins, often subpersistent,
often leaving prominent scars.
Staminate inflorescences globose, 3- 1 0 mm in diameter; peduncle
1 -6 mm long, puberulous, usually a bract at the base; flowers numerous,
close together; perianth (3-)4-lobed to ( 3-)4-fid to ( 3-)4-parted, 1 . 5-2.0
mm high; stamens 2-4, mostly unequal, filaments 2-4 mm long, anthers
0.6- 1 .2 x 0. 2-0 . 5 mm, connective narrow; numerous small bracts,
long-stipitate, ea. I mm high, puberulous.
Pistillate inflorescences (sub)globose to obovoid, 3-4 mm in diameter,
sometimes lobed; peduncle 2-5 mm long, puberulous, usually a bract at
the base; receptacle almost glabrous to densely puberulous and with
uncinate hairs; flowers 1 -4; style exceeding the receptacle by up to
2 mm, stigmas 5-7 mm long. Fruiting receptacles 1 . 2- 1 .6 cm in diameter,
at maturity yellowish; fruits ea. I cm long.
In Surinam only known from the Brokopondo District and the Voltz
berg.
This widespread species varies in the number of stamens and in the pubes
cence of the leaves and inflorescences. It may prove possible to distin
guish infraspecific taxa, but it is not clear from the material seen hitherto
whether the variation is gradual or d iscontinuous. The staminate flowers
of specimens from the eastern coastal region of Brazil, Para, and north
ern Central America have 2 stamens; those of specimens from the M ato
Grosso, Colombia, and Central America have 4 stamens; while those of a
specimen from Guyana have 3-4 stamens. The two sterile specimens from
Surinam most nearly resemble those from Para.
1 98 MORACEAE
Brosimum discolor Schott in Sprengel Syst. 4 (Cur. Post. App.): 403 . 1 827.
Piratinera discolor (Schott) Pittier, Contr. U . S . Nat. Herb. 20: 1 00. 1 9 1 8.
T y p e : Schott s.n . , Brazil (W. destroyed , replaced by F).
Piratinera panamensis Pittier, Contr. U. S . Nat. Herb. 20: 1 00, t.7. 1 9 1 8.
Brosimum panamense (Pittier) Standley & Steyermark, Pub!. Field Mus.
Bot. 23 : 40. 1 944.
T y p e : Pittier 4336, Panama ( U S ) .
Brosimum lecointei Ducke, Arch. Jard . B o t . R i o de Janeiro 3 : 28. 1 922.
L e c t o t y p e : Ducke s.n. ( HJ B R 1 2506, H A M P 1 5694), Brazil, Para
( RB, not seen; isotypes B, BM, F, NY, P, U, US).
Piratinera scabridula S . F . Blake, Jour. Wash. Acad . 1 2: 397. 1 922.
T y p e : Anderson s.n. (Forest Department 406), Guyana (US).
Piratinera velutina S . F. Blake, Jour. Wash. Acad . 1 2: 398. 1 922.
Brosimum velutinum ( S . F . B lake) Ducke, Arch. Jard . Bot. Rio de Janeiro
4: I. 1 925.
T y p e : B W 1 647, Surinam (US).
Brosimum tessmannii M ildbraed, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1 0 : 1 90. 1 927.
T y p e : Tessmann 3 268, Peru, Loreto (B).
Piratinera lemeei Benoist, Bull. Mus. H ist. Nat. 3 1 : 468. 1 93 1 .
Brosimum lemeei ( Beno ist) Lemee, Fl. Guyane Fran�. I : 5 1 0. 1 955.
T y p e : Lemee s.n . , French Guiana (P).
Piratinera mollis Killip, Jour. Wash. Acad . 26: 358. 1 936.
T y p e : Mutis 365, Colombia (US).
Brosimum palmarum Standley, Pub!. Field Mus. Bot. 1 7: 1 58. 1 937.
T y p e : Krukoff 8546, B razil, Amazonas (NY).
Brosimum rotundatum Standley, Bull. Torrey Club 75: 293. 1 948.
T y p e : Fanshawe 688 (Forest Department 3324), Guyana ( F).
van Asbeck 1 9, 1 9a; BBS 55; BW 56, 57, 58, 58a, 402, 1 1 58, 1 37 1 , 1 378, 1 634, 1 647,
1 85 1 , 29 1 2, 5095, 5429, 5495, 5497, 5498, 5499, 5500, 550 1 , 55 10, 5 536, 5828, 6247,
688 1 ; van Donse1aar 266, 1 686; Essed s. n . ; Gonggrijp s. n . ; 1rwin, Prance, Soderstrom
& Ho1mgren 54583; Lanj ouw & Lindeman 696, 1745; LBB 1 08 1 0 , 1 0992, 1 3260;
Lindeman 3676, 5 360, 5 376, 5473, 5 54 1 , 5 547, 6285, 6647: Maguire 24358, 40774;
01denburger & Norde 427, 5 1 0; Schu1z 7807, 7980, 8 1 38, 8 1 39; S plitgerber 90 1 (L);
Stahel Woodherb. 3, 3a, 2 1 9.
BBS 62; BW 1 1 65, 5386, 5600, 5873, 6203, 6703 , 67 1 6, 6890; J unker s.n. or
5 1 2 (herb. Pfeiffer); Lanj ouw 1 004; Lanj ouw & Lindeman 24 1 1 ; L B B 1 1 0 1 6,
1 3427; Oldenburger, Norde & Schulz 1 2 1 9; Schulz 7387; Stahel Woodherb. 94, 1 70,
170a.
202 MORACEAE
van Donselaar 2337, 3427; van Emden s.n. ( B rownsberg Reserve, tree number
1 3 1 4, 1 8-IX- 1 93 1 , 2-X- 1 93 1 ); Geijskes 1 020; I rwin, P rance, S oderstrom &
Holmgren 55574; Lanjouw & Lindeman 247 1 ; LBB 1 0952, 1 0 1 2 1 ; Lems 5252 (NA);
Lindeman 446 1 ; Oldenburger, Norde & Schulz 1 1 1 8; Pulle 3 1 6; Stahel W oodherb.
1 29.
Lanj ouw treated the genus in 1 935. At that time, only T o/igrandrus was
known from Surinam. The other species, T amazonicus and T para
ensis, although closely related, can always be separated satisfactorily.
van Donselaar 1 272; Lindeman 377 3, 4735, 4928, 5042, 6442, 6762; LBB 1 0832,
1 33 1 0.
Lanjouw & Lindeman 2 177; LBB 1 3 365; Schu1z 7887; Stahe1 Woodherb. 366.
MORACEAE 207
Boschbeheer s . n . ; BW 1 365, 34 17, 6098, 6645, 6823, 7236; van Donselaar 1 857,
2049, 2 1 74, 2 1 97, 222 1 , 3323; Essed s.n.; Lanjouw & Lindeman 2297; Lindeman
5934; Stahel Wilhelm. Geb. Exp. 50.
208 MORACEAE
I. Pseudolmedia laevis ( Ruiz & Pavan) M acbride, Publ. Field M us. Bot.
1 1 : 1 6. 1 93 1 .
Olmedia laevis Ruiz & Pavan, Syst. Veg. FI. Peruv. et Chi!. I :
258. 1 798.
In S u r i n a m i n fo rests o f t h e i n t e r i o r a nd t h e sava n na be l t .
B W 4%5, 4966. 4990; L A B 1 1 1 90. 1 3 363. 1 4302; Lems 5235( N A ) ; Lindeman 5034;
S..:hulz 7X48. X 1 63 ; S t a h e l W oodherb. 96a .
The Surinam specimens d iffer from the more typical specimens of this
species from the Upper Amazon Basin in the relatively large chartaceous
and almost glabrous leaves and in the slender sparsely hairy twigs. They
agree well with specimens collected in north-eastern Venezuela. Speci
mens from French Guiana resemble those of the Lower Amazon Basin
more than the Surinam ones.
2. Perebea mollis ( P oeppig & Endlicher) H uber, Bol. M us. Emilio Goeldi
5: 334. 1 909 .
Olmedia mollis Poeppig & End licher, N ov. Gen. et S pec. 2:
3 1 , t. 1 49 . 1 83 8 .
N oyera mollis ( P oeppig & Endlicher) Ducke, Arch. J ard . Bot.
Rio de Janeiro 3: 37. 1 922.
There are two (almost?) allopatric subspecies; both have been collected
in Surinam.
2b. Perebea mollis ( Poeppig & Endlicher) H uber ssp. rubra (Trecul)
C. C. Berg, Acta Bot. Neerl. 1 8: 463 . 1 969.
Noyera rubra Trecul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. I l l . 8 : 1 36. 1 847.
8 . Maquira Aublet, PI. Gui. Suppl. 36. I 775; Berg, Flora Neotropica
M o nogr. 7: 62. 1 972.
Trees, mostly dioecious. Periderm of the twigs peeling off easily. Leaves
distichous, pinnatinervate entire, greenish when dried; stipules free, not
fully amplexicaul. Inflorescences one to several on short shoots in the
axils of the leaves, unisexual, discoid, involucrate. Staminate flowers
several to many, perianth 4-lobed to 4-parted , stamens 4(-2), straight or
slightly incurved in the bud . Pistillate flowers one to many, free or basally
connate; perianth 4(-2)-lobed or 4(-2)-fid ; ovary almost entirely adnate
to the perianth, stigmas ea. semidisciform or linguiform. Fruit adnate to
the coloured perianth; seed big, without endosperm, testa vascularized,
cotyledons free, thick, equal, radicle short and straight.
b. Tertiary vei ns of the leaves not parallel; inflorescences with several to many
free flowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . M. guianensis
. . .
B W 1 6 1 , 1 39 1 , 4984, 5897, 6326; Daniels & Jonker 1 083; van Donselaar 1 009,
1 054, 1 378, 1 875, 22 1 9, 2354, 3347; Lanjouw & Lindeman 2 1 87, 228 1 , 2446,
28 1 1 ; LBB 8980, 1 0795, 1 3394; Lems 5263 (NA); Lindeman 3574, 36 1 2, 3650,
3670, 4757, 4775, 4825, 6233, 6700; Oldenburger, Norde & Schulz 1 1 99; Schulz
7342, 7982; Stahel Exp. Wilh. Geb. 46, Woodherb. 222.
This taxon, which is well-known under the name Perebea laurifo/ia, has
had to be removed from Perebea and must now bear Aublet's name
Maquira guianensis.
Fig. 4 Maquira. leaves and pistillate inflorescences; a., M. sclerophylla (N.T. Silva
1 4 1 8) ; b. , M. guianensis ( Froes 20785).
9. Helicostylis Trecul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot . I I I . 8 : 1 34. 1 847; Berg, Flora
Neotropica M o nogr. 7: 75. 1 972.
Greeneina 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. l : 628 . 1 89 1 .
Olmedia poeppigiana Martius, Flora (or Bot. Zeit.) 24(Beibl. 2): 93. 1 84 1 .
Helicostylis poeppigiana ( Martius) Trecul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. I l l . 8 :
1 34, 1 847.
Greeneina poeppigiana ( Martius) 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1 : 628. 1 89 1 .
T y p e : Martius 629 o , Brazil, Bahia ( M ).
Helicostylis affinis Steudel ex M iquel, Fl. Bras . 4( 1 ): 1 1 8 . 1 85 3 .
Greeneina affinis ( M i q . ) 0 . Kuntze, Rev. G e n . P I . 1 : 6 2 8 . 1 89 1 .
T y p e : H ostmann & Kappler 1 280 6 , Surinam ( U ) .
Helicostylis obtusifolia Standley, Bull. Torrey Club 58: 3 5 6 . 1 93 1 .
T y p e : Tate 389 o , Venezuela (NY).
Olmed ia polycephala Pittier, Bot. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 7: 306. 1 942.
T y p e : Cardona 4 1 5 o . Venezuela (YEN).
Helicostylis podogyne Ducke, Bot. Tee. I nst. Agron. Belem 4: 3 . 1 945.
L e c t o t y p e : Ducke 1 202 9, Brazil, Amazonas ( R B).
H elicostylis duckei H awkes, Phytologia 3: 3 1 . 1 948 .
·
T y p e : Ducke 1 202 9, Brazil, Amazonas ( N Y).
Olmedia asperula Standley, Bull . Torrey Club 75: 299. 1 948.
T y p e : Fanshave 1 48 (FD 2757) 6 , Guyana ( F).
Trymatococcus guanabarinus A. P . Duarte, Rodriguesia 23-24 (35-36):
55. 1 964.
T y p e : Duarte 5658, Brazil, Guanabara ( R B, not seen; type fragm. U ) .
BVV 1 352, 1 393, 1 422, 1 603, 1 6 1 4, 1 662, 3833, 4063, 4086, 4204, 4444, 5079,
555 1 : van Donselaar 1 920, 1 958a, 2077, 2346; H ostmann & Kappler 1 280;
LBB 8 1 37 , 836 1 ; Lindeman 4076, 4756, 5 299, 5356, 5357, 5469, 67 1 2; Oldenburger.
Norde & Schulz 1 228; Schulz 7 1 78; S tahel VVoodherb. 96, s.n.
This widespread species is very variable. The specimens from the Guia
nas agree most closely with those from Pani and the coastal region of
Brazil. Juvenile specimens differ from adult ones in having a sparser indu
mentum.
van Donselaar 1 727, 2003, 2992, 3 2 1 6; Lanj ouw & Lindeman 42 1 ; Lindeman
3544; Stahel s.n.
]�
a
BW 6299, 6688; van Donselaar 336 1 , 379 1 ; Lanjouw & Lindeman 2544; Lindeman
3790, 4700, 6750, 6774; Schulz 798 1 .
This is the only species of the Olmedieae which is confined to the Guiana
Shield region. The pistillate inflorescences of the Surinam specimens dif
fer from those of Guyana in the shorter and broader tepals and pseudo
bracts and in the sho rter stigmas.
A genus (at least so far as the American species are concerned) of soft
wooded , generally smooth-barked , trees and shrubs with milky juice.
Leaves alternate, in spiral phyllotaxy, entire. Stipules long or short, gen
erally quickly deciduous, enfolding the buds. Flowers unisexual, haplo
chlamydeous, borne inside a much enlarged and deeply invaginated
torus (the receptacle, or fig), the apical pore ( ostiole or" orifice) of
MORACEAE 229
I a. Figs borne in pairs in the axils of the foliage leaves; stamens in the male
flowers I , a red spot at the base of the style on the ovary of female and gall
flowers; 2-celled glandular hairs frequently present on the lower surface of
the lamina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . subg. Urostigma
b. Figs borne singly in the axils of the foliage leaves; stamens in the male flowers
2, ovary pale, unspotted; massive multicellular hairs present on the lower
surface of the lamina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . subg. Pharmacosycea
Ficus radula Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow. Sp. PI. 4(2): 1 1 44.
1 806.
Pharmacosycea radula (Willdenow) Miquel, Versl . Kon. Akad. Wetensch .
Amsterdam 1 3 : 4 1 4. 1 862.
Ty p e : Humboldt & Bonpland s.n., Venezuela, Terr. Fed . Amazonas ( B).
Pharmacosycea grandaeva Martius ex Miquel, London Jour. Bot. 7: 70. 1 848.
Ty p e : Martius 7 1 , Brazil, Amazonas (U ).
Pharmacosycea guyanensis Miquel, London Jour. Bot. 7: 67. 1 848.
Ficus parkeri M iquel, Ann. M us. Lugd. -Bat. 3: 300. 1 867.
T y p e : Parker s.n., Guyana (K).
Pharmacosycea glaucescens Liebmann, Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr.
V. 9: 332. 1 85 1 .
Ficus glaucescens (Liebmann) Miquel, Ann. Mus. Lugd . -Bat. 3 : 300.
1 867.
Ty p e : Liebmann 1 43 1 4, Mexico (C).
Pharmacosycea hernandezii Liebmann, Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr.
V. 2: 332. 1 85 1 .
Ficus hernandezii ( Liebmann) Miquel, Ann. Mus. Lugd. -Bat. 3 : 300. 1 867.
T y p e : Liebmann 1 43 1 6, Mexico (C).
Pharmacosycea rigida M iquel in Seeman, Bot. Voy. Herald 1 95 . 1 854.
Ficus coybana M iquel, Ann. M us. Lugd . -Bat. 3: 300. 1 867.
T y p e : Seemann 638, Panama (BM).
Pharmacosycea mexicana M iquel, Versl. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam
1 3 . 4 1 5. 1 862.
Ficus mexicana ( Miquel) Miquel, Ann. Mus. Lugd. -Bat. 3 : 299-300. 1 867.
T y p e : ? Schiede 43, M exico ( U ) .
Pharmacosycea pseudo-radula Miquel, Versl. Kon. Akad. Wetensch.
Amsterdam 1 3 : 4 1 4. 1 862.
Ficus pseudo-radula ( Miquel) Miquel, Ann. M us. Lugd. -Bat. 3 : 299. 1 867.
T y p e : Schiede s.n., M exico ( U ) .
Ficus suffocans Banks ex Grisebach, F J . B rit. W . l n d . 1 50. 1 864.
S y n t y p e s : March s.n. (or 582), Jamaica ( K , mixed gathering);
Prior s.n. (or 297), Jamaica (K).
Ficus guadalajarana S. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 1 5 1 . 1 89 1 .
Type: Pringle 2947A, Mexico (GH).
Ficus finlayana Warburg, Symbol. Antill. 3: 487. 1 903, pro parte.
T y p e : Finlay s.n., Trinidad (B, a mixed sheet: a single leaf = F. insipida,
a single fig = F. maxima).
Ficus picardae Warburg, Symbol. Antill. 3: 484. 1 903.
Ty p e : Picarda 983, Haiti (B).
Ficus rubricosta Warburg, Symbol. Antill. 3 : 486. 1 903.
T y p e : Eggers, 2625, Sto. Domingo (B).
Ficus subscabrida Warburg, Symbol. Antill. 3 : 485. 1 903 .
. Ty p e : Wright 543, Cuba (isotype P).
Ficus plumierii Urban, Repert. Sp. Nov. 1 5: 1 58 . 1 9 1 8.
L e c t o t y p e : Plumier, PI. Am. 1 23, t. 1 3 1 , f. 3. 1 757.
MORACEAE 23 1
S mall to large tree, 5-30 m tall, Twigs 3-5 mm in diameter, glabrous or pu
bescent, the epidermis generally exfoliating in dfied material. Stipules to
25 mm long, narrowly delto id , glabrous, puberulent, or pubescent, at the
base. Lamina 2. 5-9 cm wide, 6-23 cm long, elliptic, broadly elliptic, lan
ceolate, oblanceolate or obovate; apex blunt, acute, acuminate or long
acuminate; base cuneate; lateral veins 5- 1 6, departing from the midrib at
an angle from oo -30° ; basal veins 1 -2, departing from the mid rib at an
angle of 40° -60° ; intercostals slightly raised . Petiole 5-40 mm long, 1 I 5-
1 1 9 the length of the lamina, the epidermis generally exfoliating in dried
material.
Figs 1 0-20 mm in d iameter, globose, glabrous or puberulent, some
times with a pedicel 2-7 mm long, borne among the leaves; colour green
or yellow, sometimes mottled darker; peduncle 2-25 mm long, glabrous
or pubescent; basal bracts 1 -2 mm long, deltoid, glabrous or pubescent;
orifice 1 -2 mm in d iameter, flat, or the bracts slightly outflexed . Female
flowers sessile or stalked, 1 . 5-3 mm long, tepals 4-5 , linear-oblanceolate,
linear-lanceolate, or linear-oblong, glabrous or ciliolate. Male flowers
long or short stalked , 0. 5-3 mm long, tepals 3-4, oblong, hooded, gla
brous. S cales p resent among the flowers.
Leaf structure: cystoliths p resent on both surfaces, generally relatively
fewer and smaller on the upper surface; sclereids absent; lower epidermal
cells plane or somewhat sinuate and plicate; stomates superficial , or
sunken in sinuate-mouthed p its; d ruse cells abundant in the lower epider
mis; tabular crystal cells absent; pubescence of massive, multi-cellular
hairs; to 0.2 mm long, acicular, unicellular hairs sometimes present. Scler
eids absent from the fig wall.
BW 2028, 2405, 2434, 3760, 6 1 99; van Donselaar 1 1 54, 1 1 73; Gonggrijp 9; Lanj ouw &
Lindeman 1 468; Lindeman 5 1 37, 5407, 5497, 5594, 5640, 5693, 570 1 , 6347, 6635;
Wullschliigel 1 084 (BR), s.n. (BR) . .
T y p e : Bredemeyer s . n . , Venezuela, D . F. ( B) .
Large or small tree, 8-40 m tall. Twigs 2-6 mm in d iameter, generally gla
brous, occasionally pubescent. S tipules 30- 1 25 mm long, narrowly del
toid, generally glabrous, occasionally pubescent. Lamina I . 75- 1 1 cm
wide, 5-25 cm long, lanceolate to broadly elliptic, sometimes slightly in
equalateral; apex blunt or acute, to acuminate; base cuneate, round cu
neate, rounded, or emarginate; lateral veins 1 0-30, departing from the
midrib at an angle from 30° -60° ; intercostals slightly prominent. Petiole
1 0-65 mm long, 1 / 3- 1 / 8 the length of the lamina, epidermis not exfo
liating, though frequently wrinkled in d ried m � terial.
Figs 1 5-25 mm (to 30 mm fide Little ex sched .) in diameter, globose,
with or without a pedicel, 1 -6 mm long, glabrous or pubescent, borne
among the leaves; colour green or yellowish green; peduncle 3-22 mm
long, thin or stout; basal bracts 2-3( -5) mm long, deltoid or semi-circular;
orifice flat, or somewhat crateriform or mammillate, 2-4 mm in diameter,
1 -2 mm high. Female flowers about 2 mm long, with 4-6 linear, lanceo
late, linear-oblong, or narrowly linear tepals, glabrous or ciliolate, some
times somewhat hooded . Male flowers 1 . 5-2 mm long, with 4-6 oblong,
hooded, glabrous or ciliolate tepals. Scales present between the flowers.
Leaf structure: cystoliths p resents on both upper and lower surfaces;
sclereids absent; lower epidermal cells plane; stomates generahy sunken
in small-mouthed pits, in B rasilian material sometimes only slightly
sunken; druse cells present in the lower epidermis; tabular crystal cells ab
sent; pubescence of massive, multicellular hairs; simple or multiseptate,
acicular hairs sometimes p resent. Sclereids generally present in the fig
wall.
BW 2 1 5 1 ; Tresling 228.
Small or large trees, or shrubs. These are the banyans, or strangler figs.
So far as is known the species of this sub genus normally begin life as epi
phytes (or epiliths) and frequently finish life as (apparently) normal
trees, in the meantime having built up a false trunk through the coales
cence of their aerial roots, and frequently having strangled their original
host.
I a. Figs borne both on wood of the current season (among the leaves) and on
specialized short shoots on wood of previous seasons (behind the leaves);
figs less than 10 mm in diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
b. Figs borne only on wood of the current season (among the leaves); fig size
variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 a. Leaves generally more than 1 5 cm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
b. Leaves generally less than 1 5 cm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 a. Leaves narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, glabrous; sclereids present in the
leaves; twigs 7- 1 0 mm in diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. F. longifolia .
5 a. Leaves glabrous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
b. Leaves densely and minutely dark brown lanate below . I . F. albert-smithii
6 a. Lateral veins departing from the mid rib at an angle from oo - 1 0° . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. F. erratica
b . Lateral veins departing from the midrib at an angle from 1 0° -20°
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0. F. mathewsii
7 a. Orifice of the fig level with the surface of the fig wall, or the bracts raised
into a mammillate structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
b. Orifice of the fig surrounded by a raised rim of receptacular tissue, o r the
apex of the receptacle drawn up into a rim or crateriform structure, or the
orifice sunken below the surface of the fig wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 .
8 a. The orifice surrounded by a thin, narrow, more or less erect rim of recept-
acular tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5. F. trigona
b. The orifice otherwise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9 a. Orifice of the fig slightly sunken into the apex of the receptacle, or surround
ed by a slightly raised rim or ring of receptacular tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
b . Orifice of the fig sunken into a prominent crateriform structure . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 . F. pertusa
10 a. Figs 1 0-25 mm in diameter; leaves relatively thick, generally more than 5 cm
wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
. . .
MORACEAE 235
Small tree, 2-4 m tall. Twigs 3-8 mm in diameter, densely and minutely
236 MORACEAE
Fig. 7 Ficus albert-smithii; a., twig ( 1 / 2 x); b., lower epidermis of leaf (c. 300 x ) ,
showing cellular detail, sclereids indicated by dashed lines; c., upper epidermis of
leaf (c. 300 x ) , showing cellular detail (Steyermark 9040 1 ) .
MORACEAE 237
BW 6497.
c
b
Fig. 8 Ficus broadwayi; a., twig (c. 14 x ) ; b., lower epidermis of leaf (c. 300 x ) ,
showing sclereids as dashed lines, druses of calcium oxalate in epidermal cells,
and tabular crystal cells on surface of the veins; c., upper epidermis of leaf (c. 300 x ) ,
cystoliths indicated by dashed circle, and druses of calcium oxalate in epidermal
cells (Steyermark 6 1 496).
MORACEAE 239
In Surinam known from near the Lower Corantine River, the U pper
Lucie River and the Brownsberg.
b c
Fig. 9 Ficus citrifo/ia; a., twig (c. 14 x); b., upper epidermis of leaf (c. 300 x),
cystolith indicated by dashed circle, druses of calcium oxalate in epidermal
cells; c., lower epidermis of leaf (c. 300 x), sclereids indicated by dashed lines, druses
in epidermal cells, tabular crystals in superficial cells of the veins (Steyermark 95437).
MORACEAE 24 1
Tree to 16 m tall, or, in exposed places, a shrub 0. 3-2 m tall. Twigs 2-6
mm in diameter, glabrous. Stipules 5-30 mm long, narrowly deltoid, gla
brous, sometimes somewhat glaucous. Lamina 1 . 5- 1 2 cm wide, 2 . 5-
1 9 cm long, lanceolate, ovate, elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, elliptic-ovate ,
oblong or obovate; apex acute to acuminate; base rounded, rounded
cuneate, truncate, freq uen tly emargina te or su bcordate; lateral veins 4- 1 4,
departing from the mid rid at an angle from I 0° -40° ; basal veins l -2, de
parting from the midrib at a similar angle, or to 60° ; intercostals not or
scarcely prominent. Petiole 7-70 mm long, l / 2- l / 7( - l / 8) the length of the
lamina.
Figs 6- 1 2(- 1 5) mm in diameter, globose, glabrous, borne among the
leaves; colour reddish or yellowish when ripe; peduncle 2- 1 8 mm long,
glabrous or puberulent; basal bracts 2-3 mm long, broadly deltoid to se
micircular, with a hyaline margin, glabrous or puberulent; orifice 2-3 mm
in diameter, flat or very slightly raised . Female flowers with 2-3 hooded
tepals, l - 1 . 5 mm long. Male flowers with 2 hooded tepals, sessile or
short-stalked , l - 1 . 5 mm long. Scales present between the flowers.
Leaf structure: cystoliths present on upper and lower surface; sclereids
MORACEAE 243
BW 2085; I rwin, P rance, Soderstrom & H olmgren 57585; K egel 1 86; Lanj ouw 878,
895; Lanj ouw & Lindeman 1 075, 3 1 59; LBB 1 2490; Mennega 488; Pulle 254;
Schulz 7784; Wullschlagel 1 082 (BR).
Ficus guianensis Desvaux ex Hamilton, Prod. Fl. Ind. Occ. 62, 1 825.
Ty p e : Desvaux s.n., French Guiana (P).
Ficus anacardiifolia, Kunth & Bouche, Ind. Sem. H ort. Berol. 1 5. 1 846.
U rostigma anacardiifolium ( K unth & Bouche) M iquel, London Jour. Bot.
6: 587. 1 847 .
T y p e : K unth & Bouche s.n. (B).
Ficus splendens Kunth & Bouche, Ind . Sem. H ort. Berol. 1 4. 1 846.
U rostigma splendens ( Kunth & Bouche) Miquel, London Jour. Bot. 6: 587.
1 847.
Ty p e : Kunth & Bouche s.n. (B).
Ficus martinii Miquel, Ann. Mus. Lugd . -Bat. 3: 2 1 9. 1 867.
Ty p e : Martin s.n. (or 1 23), French Guyana (isotypes B, CGE, FI, L, P).
Ficus umbonigera Warburg, Symbol. Anti!!. 3 : 480. 1 903.
T y p e : Hart 2808, Trinidad (isotype T R IN).
244 MORACEAE
In Surinam known from the M iddle Saramacca River and the Perica
River.
Lanj ouw 1 1 56; Lanjouw & Lindeman 477, I 1 05, 1 1 68, 1 395; LBB 1 2522;
Lindeman 5702; Maguire & Stahel 22790; Stahel 23.
6. Ficus erratica S tand ley, Bull. Torrey Club 75: 295 . 1 948.
Ficus mensalis Standley, Bull. Torrey Club Club 75: 297. 1 948.
T y p e : Maguire 24584, Surinam (F).
246 MORACEAE
7. Ficus gomelleira Kunth & Bouche, Ind. Sem. H ort. Berol. I 8 . I 846.
Urostigma gomelleira (Kunth & Bouche) M iquel, London Jour.
Bot. 6: 5 3 1 . I 847.
Fig. 10 Ficus /anjouwii; a . , twig (c. V:! x); b. , female flower (c. 7Y:! x); c. and d. ,
male flower (7Y:! x); e., lower surface of leaf (c. 300 x), without cellular detail,
showing tabular crystals of calcium oxalate along the veins, ( I ) and druses of calcium
oxalate (2); f. , lower surface of leaf (c. 300 x), showing cellular detail, at left,
view of epidermis showing stomates and (top) a cystolith, at right, subepidermal view
showing sclereids along the veins, tabular crystals of calcium oxalate along the
V
M O RACEAE 249
' I take pleasure in commemorating the name of the Senior Editor of the Flora of
Suriname who has been connected with studies of the M o raceae for more than thirty
years.
250 M O R ACEAE
plicate; stomates more or less sunken into small mouthed pits; tabular
crystal cells absent; pubescence of a few 2-cellular, glandular hairs.
In Surinam known from the U pper Suriname River and the Tapanahony
River.
1 0 . Ficus mathewsii ( M iquel) Miquel, Ann. N.t us. Lugd . -Bat. 3: 298 .
1 867.
U rostigma mathewsii Miquel, London J our. Bot. 6: 549. 1 847.
Ficus gleasonii Standley, Pub!. Field M us. Bot. 1 7: 1 70. 1 937, descr. ;
Kribs, Tropical Woods 1 3 : 34. 1 928, nomen.
T y p e : De La Cruz 2396. Guyana (isotype NY).
Ficus sprucei Standley, Pub!. Field M us. Bot. 1 7: 1 76. 1 937.
T y p e : Spruce 2804, Brazil, A mazonas (isotypes B R , C, CGE, E, K).
and female flowers about I mm long, with 2-3 hooded tepals. Male
flowers sessile. Scales present between the flowers.
Leaf structure : cystoliths present on both upper and lower surfaces:
sclereids absent; lower epidermal cells plane; stomates somewhat
sunken; druse cells absent; tabular crystal cells usually present on the
lower surface of the veins; pubescence absent, or a few long, white multi
septate hairs present.
BW 2 1 90.
In S urinam in the young coastal plain and the savanna belt; known from
four localities from the Coppename River eastwards.
1 2. Ficus paraensis ( M iq uel) M iquel, Ann. M us. Lugd . - Bat. 3 : 298. 1 867.
Fig. 1 2 Ficus paraensis; a . , twig (c. 1 / 4 x); b . , upper epidermis of leaf (c. 300 x),
showing cystolith as dashed circle; c . , lower epidermis of leaf (c. 300 x), showing
tabular crystals cells in superficial cells of the veins ( Steyermark 99937).
256 M O RACEAE
swamps.
260 MORACEAE
BW 1 83 5 , 3892, 4902; van Donselaar 1 1 70; Focke 1 385; H ekk ing 1 1 45; Kegel 342,
356 ( P); K ramer & Hekking 27 1 4; K uyper 22; Lanj ouw 1 1 4, 978; Lanj ouw &. Lin
deman 1 47 1 ; LBB I 0629; Lindeman 4994, 5580, 5583. 5597, 5703, 6626, 6638;
Maguire 23928a; Mennega 4 1 9; Pulle 448; Reij enga 4 1 8 ; Samuels 43 1 ( P); Stahel
24, Woodherb. 238; Went 266, 552; Wullschliigel 469 ( BR ) , 1 08 1 ( B R ) , s.n. ( BR).
14. Ficus prinoides H umboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow, Sp. PI. 4(2) :
1 1 49. 1 806.
U rostigma prinoides (Willdenow) Miquel, London J our. Bot.
6: 540. 1 847.
In Surinam known by a single collection from the Zuid River near the
confluence with the Lucie River.
Fig. 1 3 Ficus trigona; a . , twig (c. l / 2 x); b . , upper epidermis of leaf (c. 300 x),
showing cystolith as dashed circle; c . , lower epidermis of leaf (c. 300 x), showing
sclereids as dashed lines, and tabular cells in the superficial cells of the veins
( M aguire, Schulz, Soderstrom & H o lmgren 54 1 59).
MORACEAE 263
Ficus maguirei Standley, Bull. Torrey Club 75: 296. 1 948. ..;
T y p e : M aguire and Fanshawe 23528, Guyana ( i sotypes A, K).
Ficus arctocarpa Stand ley, Bull. Torrey Club 7 5 : 294. 1 948.
T y p e : M aguire 23865, Surinam ( isotypes N Y , U).
M aguire 24039
Dioecious trees, often with stilt roots. Leaves spirally arranged , entire to
palmately incised , pinnati- to palmatinervate; stipules fully amplexicaul,
connate. Inflorescences geminate or solitary in the axils of the leaves,
variously, mostly di- to trichotomously branched, sometimes un
branched, often with scattered linear bracts and a basal bract. Stami
nate flowers more or less densely glomerate at the ends of the inflores
cence branches or partly solitary, sessile or pedicellate; perianth 4( -3)
lobed to 4(-3)- parted ; stamens 4( -2), filaments straight in the bud,
connective small. Pistillate flowers solitary or clustered , usually pedicel
late; perianth tubular, entire to 4( -3)-lobed to 4( -3)-dentate; ovary free,
ovule suborthotropous, subbasally attached, stigma usually discoid and
2-lobed; fruiting perianth fleshy (or dry?), fruit big, endocarp crusta
ceous; seed without endosperm, cotyledons equal, thick, radicle apical,
short and surrounded by the cotyledons.
than those of sterile twigs. In such species, as they grow from seedling
to young sapling, the leaves soon become more divided and larger, and
it is only after the sapling stage that gradual reduction follows.
yellow appressed or partly more or less patent hairs, between the tertiary
veins arachnoid-tomentellous; veins almost plane above, prominent
beneath, 6-40 pairs of secondary veins; petioles (2-)4-30( -46) cm long
with brown granular hairs intermixed with white to yellowish, appressed
short hairs; stipules 3- 1 3 . 5 cm long, with brown granular hairs inter
mixed with white to yellow, appressed hairs outside, inside with dense
appressed yellow hairs or almost glabrous.
Staminate inflorescences with dense brown granular hairs intermixed
with sparse to dense, yellow to whitish, appressed or patent hairs on
peduncle and branches; peduncle 2. 5-4 cm long; flowers solitary or
clustered at the end of the branches, usually sessile, sometimes short
pedicellate; perianth l - 1 . 5 mm high, 3-4 parted or segments free, lanceo
late, acute, puberulous; stamens 4, filaments 0.4-0 . 6 mm long, anthers 0.3-
0.4 x 0 . 3-0.4 mm; a few hairs in the centre of the flower.
Pistillate inflorescences usually distinctly branched, with dense brown
granular hairs intermixed with sparse to dense, yellow to whitish,
appressed to patent hairs on peduncle and branches; peduncle 2-4 cm
long; flowers few to many, pedicel 2-4 mm long; perianth 3-4 mm high,
scabrous to puberulous to velutinous mainly on the lower part; stigma
d iscoid, 1 - 1 . 5 mm in diameter. Fruiting perianth ovoid, ea. 1 5 mm high,
scabrous to sparsely puberulous or subve1utinous, pedicel 4-8 mm long.
BW 2030, 3376, 4033, 4866, 5036, 6292; van Donse1aar 1 262, 1 382, 3333;
F1orschtitz & Maas 3 1 32; Lanj ouw & Lindeman 2 1 1 3; Lindeman 5468, 6 1 23 ,
6 1 66, 6765 ; 01denburger, Norde & Schulz 1 1 20, 1 406; Schulz 83 1 6; Stahe1 Woodherb.
1 23, 1 66, 1 66b.
peduncle and branches; peduncle 3-7 long; flowers 4-7(- 1 2), pedicel 0. 5-2
mm long, pubescent to puberulous; perianth ea. 3 mm high, pale yellow
velutinous, with brown granular hairs intermixed , at the tip less densely
hairy; stigma discoid , ea. 2 mm in diameter, often 2-lobed . Fruiting
perianth ovoid, ea. 1 5 mm high, (sub)velutinous, pedicel 2-5 mm long.
veins, glabrescent; beneath with sparse to dense, very short and long,
yellow , more or less appressed (sometimes patent) hairs on the veins,
white arachnoid-tomentellous between the tertiary veins; veins nearly
plane to somewhat impressed above, prominent beneath, ( 5-) I 0- 1 6 pairs
of secondary veins; petioles 5-20 cm long, with brown granula r hai rs
intermixed with short and long, patent (to appressed) hairs; stipules 4- 1 4
c m long, outside with brown granular hairs intermixed with yellow,
appressed or patent hairs, inside with yellow appressed hairs.
Staminate inflorescences with brown granular hairs intermixed with
dense rather short, yellow, appressed to more or less patent hairs on
peduncle and branches; peduncle 2-6 cm long; flowers rather densely
clustered, sessile; perianth 1 - 1 . 5 mm high, 4-3-parted (to 4-3-fid),
segments triangular to lanceolate, acute, membranaceous, sparsely
puberulous; stamens 4(-2), filaments 0.6- 1 .0 mm long, anthers 0.4-0.5 x
0.4-0 . 5 mm; a hair tuft in the centre of the flower.
Pistillate inflorescences with brown to light brown, granular hairs
intermixed with white to yellow, more or less appressed hairs on pedun
cle and branches; peduncle 3 . 5-7(- 1 1 ) cm long; flowers 1 5-30, sessile to
pedicellate, pedicel up to 6 mm long with dense brown granular hairs
intermixed with sparse patent yellowish hairs; perianth ea. 4 mm high,
with dense, brown to purplish, granular hairs intermixed with white
hairs; stigma discoid , ( 1 . 5-)2( -3) mm in diameter. Fruiting perianth
ovoid , ea. 20 mm high with dark brown to dark purplish hairs intermixed
with sparse white hairs, pedicel up to 1 2 mm long.
BBS 297; B W 2095, 3255, 3302, 40 I 0, 5390, 6509; van Donselaar 1 888; lrwin,
Prance, S oderstrom & H o lmgren 55576, 55884; LBB 1 1 0 1 7, 1 4296; Lems
5240 (NA); Schulz 8000; Stahel Woodherb. 1 23b, 1 66a.
for the rest with sparse hairs, glabrescent, and brown globose p luricellu
lar hairs on the secondary and tertiary veins, beneath with weak and
yellow, mainly patent hairs on the veins, white arachnoid-tomentellous
.between the tertiary veins; veins nearly plane above, prominent beneath,
5-35 pairs of secondary veins; petioles 7-20(-37) cm long, with brown
granular hairs intermixed with more or less patent, yellow hairs; stipules
3 - 1 8(-25) cm long, outside with rather few brown granular hairs inter
mixed with dense, more or less patent, weak and yellow hairs, inside with
· sparse to rather dense, yellow hairs.
Staminate inflorescences with brow n granular hairs intermixed with
patent yellow hairs on peduncle and branches, dense patent yellow hairs
on the terminal branches; peduncle 3-4. 5 cm long; flowers densely glomer
ate in globose heads and a few solitary flowers, sessile or pedicellate,
pedicel up to 0 . 2 mm long; perianth ea. I mm high, 4-3-lobed, puberu
lous; stamens 4( -3), filaments 1 . 3- 1 .8 mm long, free or slightly connate at
the base, anthers 0. 5-0 . 5 x 0 . 3 5-0.45 mm; a hair tuft in the centre of the
flower.
Pistillate inflorescences poorly branched, with brown granular hairs
intermixed with dense, appressed to patent, yellow hairs on peduncle and
branches; peduncle 4.5- 1 1 cm long; flowers 1 0-20, mostly clustered in
two groups and turned to one side, pedicel 2-4 mm long; perianth ea. 5
mm high, densely yellow velutinous on the lower part, sparser towards
the tip; stigma d iscoid, 2-3 mm in diameter. Fruiting perianth ovoid , ea.
20 mm high, yellow velutinous, pedicel 2-7 mm long.
5 . Pourouma melinonii Benoist, Bull. M us. H ist. Nat. Paris 28: 3 1 8. 1 922.
globose heads and a few solitary flowers, sessile (or pedicellate); perianth
ea. I mm high, 4( -3)-lobed ; stamens 4( -3), filaments ea. 1 . 5 mm long,
basally connate, anthers ea. 0.4 x 0.4 mm; a hair tuft in the centre of the
flower.
Pistillate inflorescences distinctly branched with dark brown to dark
purplish, granular hairs intermixed with short, yellow to whitish,
appressed to patent hairs on peduncle and branches; peduncle 3-7 cm
long; flowers (4-)8-25, pedicel 2-4 mm long; perianth 4-5 mm high, with
brown to purple, granular hairs intermixed with yellow hairs (dense on
the lower part, sparse near the tip); stigma discoid, 1 . 7-2. 3 mm in diame
ter, slightly 2-lobed . Fruiting perianth subovoid , ea. 1 8 mm high, yellow
( sub)velutinous, pedicel 6- 1 2 mm long.
( H ostmann &) Kappler 1 272 (L, P); Lanj ouw & Lindeman 399; LBB 8976.
stipules. In the region in which the species occur side by side intermediate
forms have not been found.
Trees up to 20 m tall, often with stilt roots. Leafy twigs 2-7 mm thick,
younger parts white arachnoid-villous with intermixed (rather) sparse,
MORACEAE 277
short yellow appressed hairs, mainly at the nodes. Leaves entire, ovate
to subovate to elliptic, 5- 1 8 cm long, 3- 1 3 cm broad, 3-lobed to 3-
parted, 1 8-22 cm long, 1 8 -23 cm broad , or 5-lobed to 5-parted , 2 1 -40 cm
long, 1 8-20 cm broad, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, tip(s) acute to acumi
nate, obtuse to emarginate, or (in incised leaves) deeply cordate at the
base ; margin repand ; above short and long, yellow hairs on the main
veins and globose, pluricellular hairs on the secondary veins; beneath
white arachnoid-tomentellous to -villous on the main veins, with inter
mixed sparse yellow hairs; veins plane to slightly impressed above, promi
nent beneath, 1 0-26 pairs of secondary veins; petioles 4- 1 5 cm long;
stipules 3- 1 1 cm long, outside with long, yellow, appressed to patent hairs
intermixed with sparse to dense, white arachnoid hairs, inside glabrous.
Staminate inflorescences white arachnoid-tomentose to - villous, with
intermixed short yellow appressed hairs on peduncle and branches;
peduncle 2-3 cm long; flowers densely glomerate, sessile or mostly
pedicellate; perianth 0.7- 1 .0 mm high, 3-4-dentate to 3-4-fid , glabrous or
sparsely puberulous; stamens 4, filaments 1 - 1 . 5 mm long, often basally
connate, anthers 0.4-0 . 6 x 0. 3-0.4 mm; a hair tuft in the centre of the
flower.
Pistillate inflorescences white arachnoid-tomentose to -villous, with
intermixed yellow appressed hairs on peduncle and branches; peduncle 5-
7 cm long; flowers 5-20, pedicel 2-4 mm long; perianth 4-5 mm high�
white arachnoid-tomentose, with intermixed short yellow, more or less
patent hairs, dense on the lower part; stigma discoid, 1 . 5-2.0 mm in
diameter. Fruiting perianth ovoid, ea. 20 mm high, with sparse yellow
hairs and remains of the arachnoid indumentum, pedicel 6- 1 1 cm long.
f
7. Pourouma minor Benoist, Bull. Mus. H ist. Nat. Paris 30: 1 03 1 924.
Lanjouw & Lindeman 2 1 1 4; LBB I 1 027; Schulz 8 1 6 1 ; Stahel Exp. Wilh. Geb. 82.
b. Leaves smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 a. Leaves (at least the younger ones) arachnoid-villous beneath . . . . . . . . . . . 3
b. Leaves minutely puberulous or glabrous beneath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
.
Fig. 1 6 Coussapoa /atifolia, leaves and pistillate inflorescences; from Het Instit-uut
1 842, t. 3.
BBS 3003; BW 732; van Donselaar 2569; van Emden s. n.d, s.n.c;> ; Focke
9 (L), 4 1 8?; Irwin, Prance, Soderstrom & H olmgren 55487; LBB 1 1 747 ; Lindeman
6938; Mennega 27 1 , 52 1 ; Schulz 7787; Stahel Exp. With. Geb. 1 96.
V e r n a c u l a r n a m e : abrasa (Sur.) 1
I The general name for epiphytic trees, including several Ficus and Clusia species.
MORACEAE 28 3
Surinam.
Maguire 24588.
BW 772; lrwin, Prance , Soderstrom & H olmgren 57574; LBB 1 0344a ; Lindeman
6362, 6545 , 6600; Maguire 23867, 23942; Tresling 55.
V e r n a c u l a r n a m e : abrasa (Sur. ) .
BW 1 322, 2070, 3430, 5262; Hostmann 1 1 89; Lindeman 5709; Rombouts 803;
Splitgerber s.n. (L, P).
V e r n a c u l a r n a m e : abrasa (Sur.).
5 . Coussapoa ferruginea Trecul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ill. 8 : 93. 1 847.
T y p e s p e c i e s : C. peltata L.
Dioecious trees with hollow partitioned trunks and branches, often with
stilt roots. Leaves spirally arranged, excentrically peltate (to subpeltate),
lobed to divided to the petiole; nerves radiating, basically palmate;
stipules connate, fully amplexicaul. Inflorescences paired or solitary
in .the axils of the leaves, pedunculate, with a digitate cluster of spikes
MORACEAE 287
work the number of species accepted has been red uced to four; one of
these has been recently described ( Berg, Acta Bot. Neerl. 2 1 : 655. 1 972).
Young seedlings of Cecropia have pinnately veined, basally attached,
leaf blades; they soon become palmately veined and then peltate. Adult
specimens have peltate leaves with radiating nerves. Juvenile Cecropia
specimens can usually be recognized by the occurrence of uncinate hairs
- these are lacking in Pourouma.
prominent beneath, the costa ' 23-40 cm long with 1 0- 1 5 pairs of stout
secondary veins; petioles 1 6-37(-46) cm long, cylindrical, white
arachnoid-villous, with intermixed brown pluricellular hairs and at the
lower e !]d also more or less scabrous; pulvinus with brown pluricellular
hairs; stipules 7- 1 3 cm long, outside white (rather) sparsely hirsute to
strigose, with intermixed dense pluricellular hairs, inside with white to
yellow hairs.
Staminate inflorescences: peduncle 4-8 . 5 cm long, more or less com
pressed , broadened at the upper end , scabrous due to white, curved to
uncinate hairs; spikes 1 5-2 1 together, 4- 1 3 cm long, ea. 3 mm thick,
stipitate (stipe 5-1 5 mm long), rachis with stiff, up to I mm long hairs ;
spathe similar to the stipules; perianth 1 . 5-2 mm high, muriculate at the
tip, puberulous below the tip .
Pistillate inflorescences: peduncle 5-7 c m long, more o r less com
pressed , broadened at the upper end , scabrous due to curved to
uncinate hairs, sometimes also sparsely arachnoid-villous; spikes ( 2-)4
together, 3- 1 0 cm long, ea. 4 mm thick, sessile or shortly stipitate,
rachis with stiff hairs; spathe similar to the stipules; perianth
1 . 5-2 mm high, arachnoid-tomentose below the tip. Fruiting spikes up
to 1 4 cm long, ea . 8 mm thick; fruiting perianth ea. 3 mm high, fruit
2-2.5 mm long, often acute at one end and somewhat tuberculate.
BBS 4, 223; Focke s . n . ; Kramer & Hekking 23 1 7; Lanj ouw 720, 922; Lanj ouw &
Lindeman 1 28 3 ; LBB 1 062 1 , 1 2739, 1 2750; Oldenburger, Norde & Schulz 1 362;
Pulle H 94; Rombouts 64; Schulz 76 1 6 , 8533, 8622; Splitgerber 1 80 ( L); Tresling I;
Versteeg 4 1 8 ; Wessels Boer 97 1 , 972, 973, 1 256; Wullschliigel 1 556 ( BR), s.n. ( BR).
Regard ing the shape o f the closed spathes and the indumentum o f the
spathes, the nerves of the lower leaf surface, and the petioles, two
forms can be distinguished in the Surinam material: firstly, plants
with usually mucronate to acuminate, white arachnoid spathes and
sparse short curved or longer uncinate hairs on the veins of the lower
292 MORACEAE
leaf surface and on the petioles; secondly, plants with usually acute to
long-acuminate spathes without arachnoid hairs and ( rather) dense short
curved or longer uncinate hairs on the lower leaf surface and on the
petioles. The type of C. surinamensis belongs to the first group.
Intermediate forms exist, so that not all the specimens could be
placed in one or other of the two groups.
Trees u p to 30 m tall, often with stilt roots. Leafy twigs 1 . 5-5 cm thick,
covered with a few weak long white hairs, glabrescent. Leaves sub
rotundate, 22-70 cm in diameter, 1 1 - 1 5 parted to or nearly to the petiole,
segments oblanceolate, undulate, sometimes short petiolulate, (acute to)
acuminate, often slightly plicate, subcoriaceous to coriaceous; above
glabrous and shining, beneath white arachnoid-tomentellous in the
areoles, sometimes also on the parallel veinlets, the main veins glabrous
or with a few weak white hairs and few or many, brown pluricellular
hairs; veins almost plane above, more or less prominent beneath, the
costa 1 4-45 cm long, with 22-38 pairs of stout secondary veins; petioles
35-70 cm long, cylindrical to subtrigonous, almost glabrous; pulvinus
lacking; stipules 30-36 cm long, outside sparsely puberulous with
many brown pluricellular hairs intermixed, inside with appressed
long white hairs, sometimes mainly on the 2 stout longitudinal veins.
S taminate inflorescences: peduncle 7- 1 5 cm long, compressed to
angulate, greatly broadened at the upper end , minutely puberulous with
many brown pluricellular hairs intermixed; spikes 8- 1 3 together,
8- 1 2 cm long, 4-8 mm thick, stipitate ( stipe 1 . 5-3 mm long), rachis with
stiff, up to ea . 0.5 mm long hairs; spathe similar to the stipules;
perianth ea. I mm high, muriculate at the tip, white arachnoid-tomen
tose below the tip; anthers 0. 5-0.6 x ea. 0 . 2 mm.
Pistillate inflorescences: peduncle 3-8 cm long, compressed to
angulate, broadened at the upper end, minutely puberulous, with many
294 MORACEAE
BW 1 593, 3836, s.n.; lrwin, Prance, Soderstrom & Holmgren 55577; Lanjouw
824; Lanj ouw & Lindeman 2485 ; LBB 1 0 1 09, 1 2744, 1 2745, 1 2746, 1 2747, 1 279 1 ;
Lindeman 36 1 7; Stahel Woodherb. 1 79.
Antiaris
Artocarpus
Both the form with firm fruiting perianths and that with soft fruiting
perianths are cultivated .
Castilla
Ficus1
Kurz).
A large shrub or small tree with coarse twigs. Aerial roots absent.
Leaves orbicular to ovate, generally 3-5- lobed or -lobulate , to 3 3 cm
I by G.P. DeWolf
298 MORACEAE
long x 25 cm wide, the base cordate to cuneate, tip blunt. Figs with a
peduncle 2- 1 5 mm long, globose to obovate, to 8 cm long, yellowish
green to brownish purp le when ripe.
BY
M .J . M . DE ROOIJ
LITERATU R E CITED
CHEW WEE-LEK, 1 965. Laportea and allied genera ( U rticaceae). Gard . Bull.
Singapore 2 1 : 1 95-208.
-, 1 969. A monograph of Laportea ( U rticaceae). Gard . Bull. Singapore 25: 1 1 1 - 1 78.
KILLIP, E . P . , 1 9 60. Flora of Panama. U rticaceae. Ann. M issouri Bot. Gard . 47:
'
1 79- 1 98.
MIQUEL, F.A.W., 1 853. U rticineae. In Martius Flora Brasiliensis 4( 1 ) : 76-2 1 8.
U RTICACEAE 30 1
KEY TO T H E G E N E R A
0 b
(8
a
t3
c
e
,'[1
Fig. I Urticaceae, pistillate flowers; a . , Urera baccifera; b . , Urera caracasana;
c.,Urera laciniata; d . , Laportea aestuans; e., Boehmeria ramiflora; f. , Pi/ea
pubescens.
BW 6976; Geyskes 13; Florschtitz & Maas 2524; Gonggrijp & Stahel 1 78; I rwin,
Prance, Soderstrom & H olmgren 54666, 54856; Schulz ( L BB) 1 0266; Wessels Boer
1 573.
Fig . 2 Vrera, leaves and pistillate inflorescences; a., V. baccifera (Geijskes 13 and
Schulz .(LBB) 1 0266 respectively); b . , V caracasana (A. C. Smith 3 505 and Fanshawe
( FD) 48 1 9 respectively); c., V. /aciniata ( Lindeman 5660 and M exia 8326 respectively).
306 U RTICACEAE
2. Laportea Gaud ichaud in Freycinet Voy. Bot. 498. 1 826, nom. conserv.
( L.) Weddell).
Fleurya Gaud ichaud in Freycinet Voy. Bot. 497. 1 826.
T y p e s p e c i e s : Fleurya spicata Gaud ichaud ( Laportea interrupta (L.)
=
Chew).
Schychowskia End licher, Ann. Wiener Mus. 1 : 1 87 . 1 836.
T y p e s p e c i e s : Schychowskia ruderalis ( Forst.f.) Endlicher ( Laportea
=
(L.) Chew).
Sceptrocnide Maximowicz, Bull. Acad . Petersb. 22: 239. 1 877.
T y p e s p e c i e s : Sceptrocnide macrostachya Maximowicz (= Laportea
macrostachya (Maximowicz) Ohwi).
I Type species chosen b y Chew Wee-Lek in Gard . Bull. S ingapore 2 1 : 1 9 5-208. 1 965.
310 U RTICACEAE
For· a comp lete list of synonyms see Chew Wee-Lek, Gard . Bull. Singapore
25: 1 64. 1 969.
J . & P.A. Florschiitz 946; Focke 26, 5 1 and 1 22 (L); van Hall s.n. (L); Hekking
880, 1 237; Hostmann s.n. (L); Lanj ouw 1 6, 27; M olkenboer s.n. (L); Pulle 2 1 ;
Samuels 427 (L); S plitgerber 2 2 ( L), s.n. (L); Tresling 67, 1 58; Tulleken 1 0 ( L);
Versteeg 668; Went 1 9 ; Wullschlagel 870 ( BR); several collections without
collector's names.
In contrast with the data given by Chew ( 1 969) in the material of L. aestu
ans studied for this flora three d istinct groups could be distinguished : (a)
plants with sparse spiny hairs, but without glandular hairs, and with their
flowers having only spiny hairs; (b) plants with both spiny and glandular
hairs, the glandular ones abundant, and with flowers having only glandu
lar hairs; (c) plants with both spiny and glandular hairs, both being
sparse and the glandular ones more or less rudimentary, flowers having
only spiny hairs. A form having only glandular hairs was not encoun
tered.
Boehmeria cuspidata Weddell, Arch. M us. H ist. Nat. Paris 9: 345. 1 856.
Boehmeria ramiflora var. cuspidata ( Weddell) Weddell, in DC. Prod. l 6( 1 ) :
1 97. 1 869.
T y p e : Broteri 280, M exico, Veracruz ( P).
Boehmeria ramiflora var. subvelutina Blume, M us. Bot. Lugd . -Bat. 2. 1 99, t.
1 3 . 1 856.
T y p e : Blume, M us. Bot. Lugd . -Bat. 2: t. 19. 1 8 56.
(L.) Gray).
Dubreuilia Gaudichaud in Freycinet Voy. Bot. 495 . 1 826.
T y p e s p e c i e s : Dubreuilia peploides Gaudichaud ( Pilea peploides
=
J. & P.A. Florschiitz 1 099; K ramer & Hekking 3 1 29; Soepratq 89, without
collector's name and number, collected at Paramaribo.
Fig. 3 Pi/ea p ubescens; from Arch. Mus. H ist. Nat. Paris 9: t. 6, C, I. 1 856- 1 85 7 .
U RTICACEAE 317
Monoecious (or dioecious?) herbs with repent stem and erect o r ascend
ing branches; stem and branches usually with dense 0. 2-0.5 mm long line
ar-fusiform longitudinally arranged cystoliths in the epidermis, glabrous
to pubescent to strigillose, sometimes patent and appressed hairs inter
mixed . Leaves usually massed at the end of the branches, the upper ones
usually larger and narrower than the lower ones, those of a pair unequal
but similar, ovate to broad-ovate to suborbicular, 1 0-52 mm long, 8-3 1
mm broad ; apex almost obtuse; base acute to truncate, more or less ob
lique; margin crenato-serrate, usually ciliate; lamina with dense 0. 1 -0 . 3
m m long linear-fusiform cystoliths, above glabrous to strigillose, be
neath strigillose and usually more d ensely so on the veins; trinerved, only
the costa reaching the apex, wj th (2�)3-5( -6) pairs of secondary veins;
veins plane above, prominent beneath; petiole pubescent to strigillose; sti
pules up to 0.2 mm long.
I nflorescences unisexual or bisexual, dichotomously branched with
pedicellate flowers in loose clusters at the terminal axes, occasionally soli
tary; peduncular bracts present, membranaceous, up to 0.5 mm long.
Staminate flowers with up to 3 mm long hairy pedicels; perianth up to 2
mm high; tepals 4, fused at the base, subcucullate; stamens 4; pistillode
0. 1 -0.2 mm. Pistillate flowers with up to 0 . 3 mm long glabrous pedicels;
perianth up to 0.5 mm high, 3-fid, the large tepal more or less cucullate
and herbaceous, the 2 smaller ones sharp triangulate and herbaceous to
membranaceous; ovary compressed-ovoid to -globose with readish glo
bose-capitate pluricellular hairs; stigma sessile, more or less oblique, ca
pitulate-penicillate. Achene compressed-ovoid to globose, oblique, short
stipitate, up to 0.6 mm high and 0 . 3 mm broad .
In Surinam known from the right Kabellebo River, the Lucie River, the
S ipaliwini River and from near Paramaribo .
Florschiitz & Maas 2527; l rwin. Prance, Soderstrom & Holmgren 54667; Stahel
s.n. ; Wessels Boer 723.
318 U RTICACEAE
Additi on: