Orchids of Peru

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ORCHIDS OF PERU
Photograph by Louis O. Williams
CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH
FIELDIANA:
A
BOTANY
Continuation of the
BOTANICAL SERIES
of
FIELD
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME
30
CHICAGO,
U.S.A.
1958-1961
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-10546
BY CHICAGO
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
BIOLOGY
o
I
ORCHIDS OF PERU
^
*JJ
FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 30, NUMBER 1

Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

APRIL
9,
1958
ORCHIDS OF PERU
ORCHIDS OF PERU
Research Fellow,
Botanical
Ames Orchid Herbarium

of Harvard University
Museum
FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 30, NUMBER 1

Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

APRIL
9,
1958
THE LiBKAHY Or I;.-
r\DD Mr i\
"" ~
t*
'?
-j
tcoo
PRINTED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF
The Frederick R. and Abby K. Babcock Fund
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-105^6
BY
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
CONTENTS
Genera Included
Phragmipedium
Habenaria
Chloraea
in
PAGE
Volume
30,
Number
1
PAGE
17
21
Pseudocentrum
Pterichis
106 107
110
36 39
42
. .
.
Cranichis
Baskervilla
Pogonia
Vanilla
117
118
Ponthieva
Buchtienia
Spiranthes
Epistephium
Elleanthus
Sobralia
.
44 47
68 78
127 128
150
Erythrodes
Stelis
Wullschlaegelia
163
Gomphichis
Stenoptera
Altensteinia
Prescottia.
.
78
84 92
Physosiphon
222 223 224 248
Cryptophoranthus
Masdevallia
104
Lepanthes
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
Map
of
Peru
TEXT FIGURES
1.
Phragmipedium caudatum
Habenaria parvicalcarata, H. pumiloides, H. avicula var. peruviana and H. dentifera
Habenaria repens Chloraea densipapillosa
Chloraea multilineolata
20 25
2.
3.
35
37 37
41
4.
5.
6.
7.
Pogonia Vargasii
Elleanthus capitatus
54 82
8. 9.
Gomphichis Macbridei
Stenoptera
ciliaris
87
89 90
10.
11. 12. 13. 14.
Stenoptera laxiflora Stenoptera montana

Altensteinia elliptica Altensteinia longispicata
95
99
Cranichis longipetiolata
114
15. 16.
17.
Ponthieva bicornuta
Ponthieva
lilacina, P. similis
120 123 133
Spiranthes costaricensis
Spiranthes curvicalcarata, S. pumila Spiranthes elata Spiranthes orchioides
t
18.
19.
135
137
143
20.
21. 22.
Erythrodes marmorata, E. lobatocalcar Erythrodes multifoliata Erythrodes querceticola

Stelis affinis
155
158
161
23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
172
Stelis ascensor Stelis
175
177
grandibracteata
181
breviracema
Stelis concaviflora, S. Stelis curvicarina Stelis diffusa, S.
28.
29.
183
minuta
185
188
vii
30.
Stelis dupliciformis
PAGE
31.
Stelis Endresii
189
32.
33. 34.
Stelis gracilispica
Stelis Stelis Stelis
195
leucopogon
punoensis
200
208 212
35. 36. 37.
rhombilabia
Stelis triangulisepala
Stelis uninervia
218
221
38.
39.
Masdevallia grandiflora
Masdevallia pandurilabia
235
241
40.
41.
Masdevallia Vargasii
246
251
Lepanthes caudatisepala
42. 43.
44.
Lepanthes longipedicellata Lepanthes minutipetala Lepanthes pubicaulis

Lepanthes pumila, L.
alticola
253
256
257
259
45.
via
Orchids of Peru
INTRODUCTION
This treatment of the orchids of Peru was prepared in the Orchid of Oakes Ames, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, at the suggestion of J. Francis Macbride of the staff of the then Field Museum of Natural History, as a part of his comprehensive Flora It constitutes the first attempt at a detailed description of Peru. of the orchids of any Andean region, and, as such, will necessarily show the limitations and shortcomings of any pioneer work. Except for the neighboring Republic of Colombia, Peru has the greatest number of orchid species recorded from any Andean country.
Herbarium
It is needless to mention anything about the varied geography of Peru, for this has been adequately covered detailed publications of A. Weberbauer extending from 1911 and particularly by the account given by him in the Flora
phyto-
by the
to 1930
of
Peru
(Field
Mus. Nat.
Hist., Bot. Ser., 13, pt. 1: 13-81. 1936).
Since the last part of the eighteenth century,
when Ruiz and
Pavon published the

vianae
et
results of their explorations (in Florae Peru-
have been numerous to Peru and adjacent regions, but no comprecollecting expeditions hensive flora of that country had been attempted for over 130 years.
Florae Peruvianae
Chilensis Prodromus, 1794-1802, and et Chilensis, 1798), there
Systerna Vegetabilium
In 1936, the
first
part of Macbride's
monumental work appeared.
To be
regions
sure,
numerous Peruvian
published from time to time
species, including orchids, were together with those of neighboring
in Presl, Reliquiae Haenkeanae (1827), in Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth, Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (1815-16), and especially in Poeppig and Endlicher, Nova Genera ac Species Plantarum (1835-38). These were usually accompanied by line drawings of a more or less inaccurate and misleading nature, but they were often amplified by the more clear-cut descriptions of A. Cogniaux in K. von Martius, Flora Brasiliensis (1893-1906). The elaborate descriptions by Professor Oakes Ames and Dr. D. S. Correll and the accompanying plates in the Orchids of Guatemala
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
(1952-53) have been of frequent assistance in the interpretation of the Peruvian material.
be of interest to refer to the recent botanical explorations we are indebted to sundry collectors who have discovered many orchids that have proved to be new to science.
It
may
in Peru, for
recent botanical expedition to Peru, under the auspices of Marshall Field, was made by Macbride, assisted by the young The initial trip of six student William Featherstone, in 1922.
first
The
months was an attempt to visit the areas of central Peru which had been botanized by Ruiz and Pavon. Macbride followed the Peruvian springtime by rail to Cerro de Pasco and Matucana near Lima at about 8,000 feet altitude, making headquarters near the classic collecting ground of Huanuco. The next year Macbride and G. S. Bryan followed a similar route, collecting at elevations of 8,00015,000 feet, then crossing the mountains and visiting the lower altitudes of Pozuzo at 2200 feet and La Merced in the Department
of Junin, in the
company
of
an old resident of Peru, Carlos Schunke.
From 1900 to 1929, the great German botanist, A. Weberbauer, explored various regions in Peru, from the southern Departments of Ayacucho and Huancavelica through central Junin to the coastal
Departments
country.
of Piura
and Tumbes
in the
northwestern part of the
W. Pennell, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, collected extensively in the neighborhood of Arequipa and Cuzco in southern Peru, as well as in the region northeast of
In 1925, F.
Lima
in the west-central portion.
Intensive collecting on the wet tropical mountains of southern Peru was done by F. L. Herrera of Cuzco, who published a Flora of Cuzco in 1941.
During 1929 and 1930, Llewellyn Williams, of Field Museum, spent a year botanizing in the lowlands of northeastern Peru, in the Department of Loreto, with headquarters at Iquitos. He followed
the tributaries of the
Amazon
to the Brazilian border and thence to
the eastern Cordillera of the Andes.

April to October, 1929, the Smithsonian botanists, E. P. collection, starting in the sterile coastal region of La Libertad, proceeding south to Lima, then
Killip
From
and A. C. Smith, made a very rich
more productive Tarma and Huancayo in the Department of Junin, again southward to Huanta in the Department of Ayacucho and northward through La Merced in Junin to Iquitos
inland to the
.PEBAS
GAMITANACOCHA
IOUITOS
SAN ROOUE
TPONGO DE MANSERpHE
TABACONAS 5 IHUANCABAMSA-, ,'POMACOCHA
!
BALSAPUERTO
1
KEY TO DEPARTMENTS
ZEPELAcfo
TUMBES
12
LIMA
BONGARA . MOYOBAMBA CHACHAPOYAS
'
2 PIURA
13 14
15 16 17
18
HUANCAVELICA
ICA
LAMBAYEQUE 4 CAJAMARCA
3 5
AMAZONAS
6 SAN MARTIN 7 LIBERTAD 8 LORE TO 9 HUANUCO

10
1 1
AYACUCHO APURIMAC CUZCO MADRE DE DIOS
19
PUNO
20 AREQUIPA
21
ANCASH
JUNIN
MOOUEGUA
22 TACNA
VANAHUANCA LA MERCED tSAN RAMON " CHANCHAMAYO HUACAPISTANA TARMA HUASSA-HUASSI

I
MATUCANA
'
17
HUANCAYO
'
'^
r^HUA..,^
LIMA
PARIAHUANCA
I.HUANCAVELICA,
^ ^OLLANTAITAMBO ^s CALCA \
<
CONVENCION
.
URUBAMBa
MACHU- PICCHU
13
K^
OUISPICANCHIS
/'
PERU
PRINCIPAL
[VfX A8ANCAY"-,
,
AYACUCHO
,
16
SANDIA,
19
'
l5
"-...
LOCALITIES
of
'
AINA
ORCHID COLLECTIONS
CITED IN THIS FLORA
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME
30
at the extreme northeast, ending with several in the lowlands of the Department of Loreto.
months
of botanizing
One
of the
most extensive botanical explorations was the
series
of trips taken by Ramon Ferreyra of the Natural History Museum of Lima, from 1946 to 1954. He covered the entire coastal region from Tumbes in the northwest to Arequipa in the south, then the so-called Sierra or uplands from Puno to Huanuco (through the "backbone" of Peru), and lastly the upper Amazon Basin or forested region
from Tingo Maria to Tarapoto. Last but not least of the recent prominent collectors is Ce"sar Vargas, whose botanical activities began in 1934 and are still continuing. Since 1941, his chief goal in collecting has been the Orchidaceae, in which group he has furnished the material for almost His most intensive activities have fifty new species and varieties. embraced the southern Departments of Apurimac, Puno and Cuzco,
the localities of especial interest being those centered in the latter
department in the Paucartambo and Urubamba River valleys, at Marcapata, Ollantaytambo and the classic Machu-Picchu. Other collectors who have made considerable contributions to our knowledge of Peruvian orchids are the late G. Klug, who worked near Iquitos, 0. Haught of Piura, Sawada and Kanehira of Japan,
Sandeman of London, J. Soukup, C. Bues, G. Tessmann, H. E. Stork and O. B. Horton, J. West, E. Asplund and especially the enthusiastic F. Woytkowski of Lima, who has furnished material
the late C.
for several
new
species.
As a framework
for this undertaking,
we took
1
the enumera-
This work consists of a list of all the orchid species previously recorded from that country, preceded by a detailed account of the distribution of many
tion of the orchids of
Peru by R. Schlechter.
by Weberbauer, in the and geographic sections of Peru. The Orchid Herbarium of Professor Oakes Ames, the largest and most up-to-date collection of its kind in the world, formed the nucleus of our efforts. In addition, extensive series of Peruvian orchids were available as loans from the Gray Herbarium, the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, the United States National Herbarium and Field Museum of Natural History (now
altitudinal, climatic
of those species in the life-zones outlined
Chicago Natural History Museum).

Die Orchideenfloren der Siidamerikanischen Kordillerenstaaten, IV. Peru (Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Reg. Veget., Beih. IX, 1921).
1
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU
sented
In the event that any species recorded from Peru was not repreamong the available collections, we secured a record of the
type (a photograph or drawing or both) from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew or the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna. Thus we have had a visual representation of every orchid described from Peru, and in many cases a minute examination of these records has revealed characters and measurements not mentioned in the original These features have proved of inestimable value in diagnosis. constructing the keys, as well as in writing the descriptions.
The key to the genera follows the framework proposed by R. Schlechter (Notizbl. Bot. Gart u. Mus. Berlin-Dahlem 9 [1926] nr. 88, pp. 567-590), with a few additions and modifications, mostly
for the
purpose of simplicity and completeness. This "system" to be the most workable of any scheme proposed up to the appears present, since it has the virtue of being strictly dichotomous throughout and includes most of the recent orchid concepts. Since our primary object is "to facilitate the ready determination of Peruvian plants," to quote Macbride, our specific keys are often more artificial than natural, the more obvious characters being used even if the true relationships are apparently neglected. Occasionally, for the purpose of clarity, a genus or species is repeated under two contrasting branches of the key.
The species are arranged alphabetically. Their descriptions, while guided by the type diagnosis, were compiled by an examination of all of the available specimens of the species throughout the known Since many of the species accredited to Peru lack any range.
mention of
uniformity,
size in their description,
and
for the consideration of
necessary to give in any case more precise floral measurements than are required to identify the However, in every case, so far as possible, the particular entity. length of the dorsal sepal and the measurements of the lip have been given, the exact shape of all of the floral parts and the statements concerning their relative size being considered sufficient, with the help of the key, for the identification.
it
we have not deemed
It
has been our intention
entire Flora of
in
Peru
flora.
Stelis,
following the rule laid down for the to include all of the binomials credited to the
Peruvian orchid
the genus
The
single exception to this practice occurs
where several species collected by Jameson (who worked chiefly in Ecuador) are cited from Peru on the photographs of the types in the Lindley Herbarium; but in no case have these species been included in Schlechter's enumeration of Peruvian
orchids.
30
We have tried to follow the method of citation of references and the general format employed in other parts of the Flora of Peru. It has been our policy to cite all of the name-bringing
and
as
all
of the
synonyms names that have been associated with Peru, as well
of the concepts which have previously or recently been to be referable to the accepted name. Again to conform with the editorial policy of the Peruvian Flora, the frequently large amount of synonymy not intimately associated with Peru has been
many
shown
omitted.
Departments (not mentioned as such), Provinces (when given), and the exact localities are listed chiefly in alphabetical order and are followed by remarks on the extralimital ranges. The altitudes are always given in meters
for the sake of uniformity, scientific preference,
In the citation of collections, the first place has been given to "Peru: Habitat not recorded." Thereafter, the
and general
utility,
although many of these data were cited in feet. In the citation of specimens, foreign languages are translated into English. This work, which is the product of many years of interrupted effort, has made it evident that many concepts overlap the adjoining countries and that the entire Andean region should be treated as a unit. Consequently, this book should be regarded as a starting
point for work on the floras of neighboring countries. The systemtreatment and the viewpoints herein expressed are the result of my long association with Professor Oakes Ames, the great Ameriatic
can orchidologist.
To my Harvard colleagues, Dr. A. F. Hill and Dr. R. E. Schultes, wish to express my deep appreciation for their advice and assistance in the interpretation of the data and other There help. remains for me the pleasure of recognizing with gratitude the valuI
able taxonomic work and checking, particularly in the Pleurothallis group, done by Mr. Leslie A. Garay, Assistant Curator of the University of Toronto Herbarium.
ORCHIDACEAE
The Orchidaceae is a vast family of plants comprising between 15,000 and 35,000 members (the number ever changing and depending upon the opinion of the monographer) and is represented in every part of the world except the two polar regions, with the greatest concentration of species in the highland tropics of both hemispheres. With the possible exception of the it is
Compositae,
the largest family of flowering plants and is regarded as the most From Peruvian highly developed group of the monocotyledons.
territory
we have recorded about 120 genera and 900
species.
Plants perennial, consisting of herbs or shrubby growths (rarely vines), in temperate ranging from an inch to eighteen feet in height, terrestrial (as usually where very rarely subterranean) or epiphytic (as frequently in tropical regions, or as saprohabitats) but never parasitic, occurring on rocks, in shallow water, in decayed vegetable matter. Roots fibrous, tuberous, or cormphytes growing
like, solitary or fascicled (rarely adventitious).
Stems commonly more or less elonbut frequently (as in the tropics) much abbreviated and often thickened into gate, a pseudobulb which varies from slender and stem-like to pyriform or subglobose. Leaves solitary to numerous (rarely evanescent), or altogether wanting, usually alternate or occasionally verticillate, nearly always parallel-veined (but featherveined in Epistephium). Inflorescence either terminal or lateral in origin, one- to many-flowered, ranging from spicate to racemose or paniculate. Flowers zygoor morphic, minute and inconspicuous to large and showy, unisexual, bisexual polymorphic (very rarely cleistogamous), consisting of three outer segments one (called the lip or labellum) (sepals) and three inner segments (petals), of which is normally more or less modified (sometimes deeply saccate or pouch-shaped) and often provided at the base with a more or less elongate spur. Column in the center of the flower, composed of united stamens and pistil, bearing at or near the
summit or laterally one or two rigidly attached or mobile anthers. One of the stigmas commonly produced in front to form the rostellum, behind which, resting in a bed (called the clinandrium), is the anther that is one- or more or less two-celled. Pollen powdery, granular, waxy or cartilaginous, often compacted into two to
eight distinct masses or pollinia. Fruit a dry capsule or fleshy extremely numerous dust-like seeds.
pod containing
KEY TO GENERA OF PERUVIAN ORCHIDS

Al.
Flower with two
fertile (lateral)
stamens, one on either side of the column;
pollen not united into masses or forming bodies.
Subfamily
I.
Diandrae.
Tribe Cypripediloideae.
Single Peruvian genus,
Phragmipedium Rolfe.
A2.
Flower with a single fertile (dorsal) stamen on the summit or back of the column; pollen united into masses or bodies (pollinia).
Subfamily
II.
Monandrae.
Division
I.
la.
Pollinia with caudicles or viscid disc at the base of the anther; anther
never deciduous
Ib.
Basitonae.
Single Peruvian genus, Habenaria Willd. Pollinia either without appendages or developing these at the tip of the anther; anther as a rule easily deciduous, more rarely persistent but soon Division II. Acrotonae .... 1 withering
Pollinia granular, delicate.
la.
normally always terminal

Ib.
Anther commonly persistent; inflorescence 2 Tribe Polychondreae Anther commonly soon deciduous. InPollinia waxy or cartilaginous. 21 Tribe Kerosphaereae florescence terminal or lateral
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
2a.
VOLUME
30
2b.
3a.
3 Anther more or less inclined, incumbent 9 Anther more or less erect Leaves chiefly basal; if cauline, the stout stem commonly enveloped by
tubular,
membranaceous sheaths
Chloraea Lindl.
3b.
4a.
Leaves
all
cauline, few or several, blades without long sheaths
4
5 7
4b.
5a.
Leaves unjointed, persistent Leaves jointed or articulated, at length deciduous Perianth surrounded by a distinct toothed cup
Perianth naked without
Plants scandent; stems elongate Plants erect; stems relatively short.
Epistephium
HBK.
6
5b.
6a.
Vanilla Sw.
6b.
7a.
7b.
8a.
Pogonia Juss. (including Cleistes Lindl.) Lip without a strongly saccate and differentiated basal portion; flowers Sobralia Ruiz & Pav. usually large or very large Lip with a strongly saccate and more or less differentiated basal portion; 8 flowers always small
Inflorescences axillary; peduncle
more or
less
ancipitous.
1 Sertifera Lindl.
8b.
9a.
Inflorescences terminal; peduncle not ancipitous
Elleanthus Presl
Roots fascicled
10
9b.
of the lower part of the stem or from the stem-like rhizome; lip with a distinct (usually elongate) sac or spur. Erythrodes Bl.
Roots arising singly from the nodes
lOa.
Lip posterior, uppermost, commonly more or
less cucullate
11
lOb.
lla.
Lip anterior, lowermost, commonly channelled

Lateral sepals very oblique and forming a galea or prominent spur, or less broader than long Lateral sepals,
spur,
if
20
more
12
lib.
12a.
commonly
oblique at the base, not forming a galea or prominent 13 distinctly longer than broad
lip 3-lobed.
Plant stout, commonly leafy; raceme very dense;
Pseudocentrum Lindl.
12b.
Plant slender,
leafless;
raceme loose
in course of
development;
lip entire.
f.
Wullschlaegelia Reichb.
13a.
Lip (and petals) noticeably inserted on the column above the base. Ponthieva R. Br.
14 Lip not inserted on the column above the base Lateral sepals connate below into a tube or neck to which the base of the 15 lip is attached
Lateral sepals not connate into a neck,
Sepaline neck
all of
13b.
14a.
14b.
15a.
the sepals
commonly
free.
16
more or
less
elongate and conspicuous.
15b.
16a.
Stenoptera Presl (including Porphyrostachys Reichb. f.) Prescottia Lindl. Sepaline neck short or obscure
Column conspicuously recurved Column

brous
straight or nearly so,
or reflexed above, usually pubescent. Gomphichis Lindl.
16b.
commonly
short or very short and gla17
S. virgata Reichb.
is
Peru,
now
f., the only member of the genus so far recorded from considered to belong in Elleanthus.

17a.
Lip very broadly cordate-triangular or reniform-ovate with the terminal portion narrow and recurved; disc with several more or less prominent Pterichis Lindl. intramarginal warts
Lip not broadly cordate-triangular; disc without intramarginal warts. .18
17b.
18a.
Column at the base with a bifid petaloid appendage; lip abruptly saccate Baskervilla Lindl. at the base
18b.
19a.
Column
Margins
at the base without
an appendage
19
of the lip denticulate to lacerate (very rarely merely sinuate, Altensteinia marginata Rchb. f., which has a very fleshy lip); lip galeate or
strongly cucullate
19b.
Altensteinia
HBK.
(including
Aa Rchb.
f.)
of the lip entire or lobed (very rarely obscurely crenate-dentate, Cranichis saccata Ames, which has a membranaceous lip) ; lip not strongly
Margins
galeate
20a.
Cranichis Sw.
or less distinct foot Spiranthes L. C. Rich. (including Brachystele Schltr., Coccineorchis Schltr., Cyclopogon Presl, Pelexia L. C. Rich., Sarcoglottis Presl, Stenorhynchus L. C. Rich., and
Column with a more
20b.
2 la.
Synassa Lindl.) Column without a foot

Series
Buchtienia Schltr.
Inflorescence terminal or very rarely in the axils of the upper leaves.
Acranthae .... 22
. .
21b.
Inflorescence lateral, rising from near the base of the pseudobulbs or from the axils of the lower leaves of the stems Series Pleuranthae. .47
22a.
Viscid disc of the pollinia rising from their apex, rudimentary or none
commonly
irregular,
23
22b.
23a.
Viscid disc of the pollinia distinct, rising from the apex of the rostellum, 46 regular, with well-defined margins
Ovary conspicuously jointed to the pedicel; pedicel always persistent; stems usually 1-leaved 24 Ovary not jointed
Pollinia 8; sepals
23b.
24a.
to the pedicel; pedicel deciduous with the flower
32
and petals very
similar; stems
always 1-leaved.
Octomeria R. Br.
24b.
25a.
Pollinia 2-6; sepals

Pollinia 6;
and petals usually very different 25 column with prominent side arms Brachionidium Lindl.
column without
side
25b.
26a.
Pollinia 2-4;
arms
receptive stigmas
. .
26 27 28
26b.
27a.
Column very short and stout, with widely separated Column more or less elongate, with approximate or
confluent stigmas
Sheaths of the stem dilated above, with a hispid marginate mouth; petals and lip membranaceous Lepanthopsis (Cogn.) Ames Sheaths of the stem not markedly dilated above, with a smooth, nonmarginate mouth; petals and lip generally very fleshy above or below. Stelis Sw.
27b.
28a.
28b.
Lip distinctly adnate to the lower or middle part of the footless column. Lepanthes Sw. Lip free from the column or at most adnate to its very base; column 29 usually with a foot
Dorsal sepal free (very rarely shortly adnate to the lateral sepals). Pleurothallis R. Br. (including Barbosella Schltr., in part) All of the sepals more or less connate 30
29a.
29b.
10
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
30a.
30b.
31a.
Sepals cohering at the base and apex, leaving two lateral openings. Cryptophoranthus Barb. Rodr. 31 free at the apex Sepals
31b.
Flower tubular, with three short, broad, free apices. Physosiphon Lindl. Flower tubular or cup-shaped at the base, with the three sepals produced into narrow, usually elongate, caudate appendages. Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav. (including Barbosella Schltr., in part)
. .
32a.
Pollinia without disc Pollinia with viscid disc,
any appendage,
i.e.,
with neither caudicle nor viscid 33
32b.
33a.
an appendage, sometimes provided with a rudimentary 35 sometimes with a caudicle; leaves duplicative Leaves flat, jointed to the leaf-sheaths; flowers subfleshy in texture, with the sepals and petals subequally broad; stem elongate, decumbent, not bulbous-thickened below Vargasielleae
Vargasiella C. Schweinf.
33b.
Leaves
not jointed to the leaf-sheaths; flowers commonly membranaceous, with the sepals distinctly broader than the petals; stem usually short, often bulbous-thickened near the base. Liparideae .... 34
flat
or equitant,
if
flat
34a.
34b.
35a.
Column very short; anther erect Malaxis Sw. (including Microstylis Nutt.) Column relatively elongate, more or less incurved above; anther incumbent.
.
Liparis L. C. Rich.
Column
entirely footless; flowers
minute to very large and showy.

Laelieae.
.
.36
35b.
36a.
Column produced
Pollinia 4
into a distinct (though often short) foot
43
37
36b.
37a.
Pollinia 8
42
Lip adnate to the column or to the margins of the column, forming a saccate or cup-like base 38
37b.
38a.
38b.
39a.
Lip adnate to the column, but not forming a saccate or cup-like base .... 40 Stems superposed, i.e., each young growth at the tip of the older, 1- or 2-leaved at the apex Hexisea Lindl. Stems not superposed, with each young growth at the base of the older, several- to many-leaved 39 Inflorescence an erect, many-flowered, divaricate panicle (rarely a raceme) lip divided to the base into three narrow lobes; flowers very small. Amblostoma Scheidw.
;
39b.
Inflorescence a nodding, few- to several-flowered raceme; lip not divided to the base into three narrow lobes. Diothonea Lindl. (including Hemiscleria Lindl.)
40a.
40b.
41a.
by a transverse or oblique septum; pollinia not compressed Lanium Lindl. Cells of the anther not divided by a transverse or oblique septum; pollinia in one series, laterally compressed 41 Lip more or less grown to the column (i.e., the claw of the lip more or less adnate to the column); lamina of the lip mostly wide-spreading; flowers very small to medium-sized Epidendrum L.
Cells of the anther divided
in
two
series,
41b.
(including Encyclia Hook, and Hormidium Lindl. ex Heyn.) Lip merely adnate to the base of the column, mostly surrounding the column below; flowers usually large and showy Cattleya Lindl.

42a.
11
Base of the
lip
gradually passing into the lamina; pollinia equal. Laelia Lindl. (including Schomburgkia Lindl.)
42b.
43a.
Base of the lip relatively narrow and claw-like, lip abruptly dilated above; Brassavola R. Br. pollinia in two unequal series Lip elongate, sigmoid-flexed; stems slender, many-leaved. .Isochilus R. Br.
Lip not sigmoid-flexed; stems leaved
Pollinia unequal,
43b.
44a.
commonly more
or less robust, often few-
44
two large and two small; inflorescences many-flowered, Orleanesia Barb. Rodr. terminal, racemose or paniculate; stem robust
Pollinia equal
44b.
45a.
45
45b.
46a.
Stems elongate, many-leaved with alternate blades; column short; pollinia Ponera Lindl. laterally compressed Stems consisting of superposed members which are commonly 2-leaved at the summit; column usually elongate; pollinia not compressed. Scaphyglottis Poepp. & Endl. Lip spurred at the base; column rather long, footless; men turn absent.
Galeandra Lindl.
46b.
47a.
Lip not spurred at the base; column very short, produced into a more or
Polystachya Hook. Plants forming a sympodium, i.e., with stems (separate or superposed) terminated by the apical leaves Subseries Sympodiales .... 48
less distinct foot
47b.
48a.
Plants forming a monopodium,

inflorescences axillary
infinite growth at the apex; Subseries Monopodiales 117 Pollinia without a stipe; viscid disc commonly rudimentary or none. .49
i.e.,
.
with an
48b.
49a.
Pollinia provided with a distinct stipe, even tinct
if
short; viscid disc dis-
52
49b.
50a.
Rhizome abbreviated, bulbose and corm-like Bletia R. Br. Rhizome more or less elongate, with approximate or remote pseudobulbs
50
1- to several-leaved;
Pseudobulbs with several internodes, fusiform and

leaves rather
membranaceous
1- (or rarely 2-)
50b.
51a.
Pseudobulbs with a single internode,

leaves coriaceous or fleshy
Chysis Lindl. leaved at the summit; 51
51b.
52a.
very mobile; column with 2 wings or arms above, produced Bulbophyllum Thou. membranaceous, rigidly attached to the base of the column; column Lip without pronounced wings above, footless below. .Buesiella C. Schweinf.
Lip
fleshy,
into a distinct foot below
Pollinia
waxy
in texture,
i.e.,
rather easily compressed

i.e.,
53
52b.
53a.
Pollinia cartilaginous in texture,
compressed with difficulty

i.e.,
57
Pfitz.
Pseudobulbs with a single internode,
heteroblastic; lip spurred.
Eulophidium
53b.
54a.
Pseudobulbs or stems with several internodes,

several-leaved
i.e.,
homoblastic, usually 54
54b.
55a.
Lip spurred or with a saccate base Lip spurless and without a saccate base Leaves usually two and subopposite (rarely solitary); acute or obtuse; disc without any fleshy keels or calli
Eulophia R. Br. 55
lip
always simple, Govenia Lindl.

the
lip
55b.
Leaves several;
lip
more or
calli
less 3-lobed, or bilobed in front; disc of
with fleshy keels or
56
12
30
56a.
56b.
Flowers large, fleshy; lateral sepals adnate to the column-foot by a broad base; lip simple or lightly 3-lobed, retuse to bilobed in front; disc of the lip Warrea Lindl. with several narrow, approximate keels Flowers relatively small, with membranaceous sepals; lateral sepals only slightly adnate to the column-foot by a narrow base; lip sharply 3-lobed; disc of the lip with a broad callus and often supplementary warts. Cyrtopodium R. Br.
57a.
Leaves convolute Leaves conduplicate or equitant Pseudobulbs large, consisting of several members or internodes, homoblastic Pseudobulbs short, consisting of one member, i.e., heteroblastic
1
58
57b.
58a.
80
i.e.,
59
61
58b.
59a.
59b.
60a.
Column Column
Column
Mormodes Lindl. twisted; flowers hermaphrodite or perfect straight, not twisted; flowers very often unisexual, dimorphic or
60
of
rarely trimorphic
male flowers very long and slender, strongly arcuate, without

Cycnoches Lindl.
antennae; pollinia 2
60b.
61a.
Column
of
male flowers short to rather long, stout, suberect, very often

.
.
61b.
62a.
Catasetum L. C. Rich. bearing a pair of antennae; pollinia 4 Lip continuous with the base of the column, without articulation to it 62 72 Lip articulated to the tip of the column-foot
63 Lip turned upward with relation to the axis of the inflorescence Lip turned downward with relation to the axis of the inflorescence .... 64
62b.
63a.
Dorsal sepal and petals about equally long, not strongly adnate to the column above the base Lueddemannia Reichb. f
.
63b.
64a.
Dorsal sepal much larger than the petals; both organs commonly strongly adnate to the column above the base Gongora Ruiz & Pav. Perianth segments more or less converging or connivent, sepals and petals rather similar 65
Perianth segments widely spreading or reflexed
64b.
65a.
68
is
f.
All three sepals grown together at the base; lateral lobes of the lip (if lip 3-lobed) much surpassing the middle lobe Lycomormium Reichb.
65b.
66a.
Dorsal sepal free; lateral lobes of the middle lobe
lip (if
present) not surpassing the
66
Lip with a prominent, relatively narrow claw at the base; disc of the lip, between the lateral lobes, with a conspicuous subquadrate or triangularovate callus Acineta Lindl. Lip very shortly clawed or
sessile at
66b.
67a.
the base
67
short, stout, produced into a foot; lip biauriculate at the base, terminal lobe jointed Peristeria Hook.
Column Column
67b.
68a.
lobe
(if
elongate, slender, footless; lip not auriculate at the base, terminal present) rigidly attached Sievekingia Reichb. f
.
Lateral sepals much larger than the dorsal sepal and petals, strongly oblique; terminal lobe of the lip large and strongly galeate. Coryanthes Hook.
1 Frequently, as in the following groups, it is difficult to determine whether a leaf is convolute or conduplicate, but the ancipitous leaf-sheaths in the dried specimen and the distinctly folded or V-shaped appearance of the leaf in the
living plant indicate that the leaf
is
conduplicate.

68b.
69a.
Sepals,
13
and often
petals, rather similar; mid-lobe of the lip not galeate. .69
Lip sharply divided into a lower portion or hypochile and an anterior portion or epichile, or if not so divided the whole lip strongly calceiform. .70
1 .Eriopsis Lindl. Lip not sharply divided into a hypochile and epichile. Frost ex Hook. of the lip deeply concave or saccate Stanhopea Hypochile
. .
69b.
70a.
70b.
71a.
Hypochile of the
lip
not deeply concave or saccate
71
Column
relatively stout; hypochile of the lip with a pair of retro rse or widely spreading horn-like appendages, or oblong or oblong-obovate lobes.
Houlletia Brongn.
71b.
Column filiform hypochile

;
of the lip without a pair of horn-like

(if
appendages
or oblong to obovate lobes, these lobes obliquely oblong-ovate or triangular

72a.
present) narrowly lanceolate to Polycycnis Reichb. f.
lip
Inflorescences truly basal, i.e., rising close to the base of the pseudobulb; 73 commonly with a depressed, longitudinal callus
72b.
Inflorescence near the base, i.e., rising from the axils of the lower (sometimes leaf-bearing) sheaths; lip with a transverse callus or flabellate 77 crest
73a.
Column-foot short Column-foot usually well developed
Eriopsis Lindl.
73b.
74a.
74
Pollinia attached to 2 very short or elongate, separate stipes; column-foot Bifrenaria Lindl. elongate
Pollinia attached to one
74b.
75a.
common
stipe
75
Inflorescence several- to many-flowered, racemose; flowers small.
Xylobium Lindl.
75b.
76a.
Inflorescence 1-flowered; flowers
commonly
large to very large
76
Parts of the perianth connivent into a subglobular form.
Anguloa Ruiz
76b.
77a.
&
Pav.
Parts of the perianth (especially the sepals) spreading
Lycaste Lindl.
Column-foot relatively elongate; petals long-decurrent on the foot. Batemannia Lindl.
77b.
Column
footless or
produced into a short foot; petals not long-decurrent

78
at the base
78a.
78b.
Rhizome elongate; pseudobulbs distant Rhizome more or less abbreviated; pseudobulbs
Aganisia Lindl.
(if
present)
commonly
79a.
79b.
79 approximate Lip with a bilobed, retrorse callus; claw of the lip usually prominent and Koellensteinia Reichb. f abrupt Lip with a simple or variously lobed and plurisulcate callus; lip sessile or gradually passing into a claw below Zygopetalum Hook.
.
(including Warscewiczella Reichb.

80a.
f.
Rostellum not produced; column commonly extended into a foot and 81 forming a mentum with the base of the lateral sepals
or bifid
80b.
Rostellum markedly produced, often triangular-lanceolate to subulate 87
it is not clear whether the lip is continuous with the tip of the columnassumed by Schlechter, or is adherent by an articulation, as considered by Cogniaux and Pfitzer, this genus is entered on both branches of the key.
1
Since
foot, as
14
81a.
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
Callus of the lip transverse; pseudobulbs much reduced or rudimentary, Stenia Lindl. commonly apparently non-existent; lip saccate Callus of the lip, if present, commonly longitudinal; pseudobulbs usually well developed; stems rarely elongate, many-leaved, and often lacking
81b.
82a.
82 pseudobulbs Sepals with the lower portion connivent into an abrupt top-shaped tube, 83 or the lateral sepals connate into a narrowly cylindric spur
Sepals not connivent or connate below, more or base
less
82b.
83a.
spreading from the 84
Lateral sepals and lip produced into an elongate spur, that of the lip enclosed by the spur of the lateral sepals; pollinia 2 ... Cryptocentrum Benth.
83b.
84a.
Lateral sepals and lip spurless; pollinia 4 Column with a distinct foot, more or less continuous with the lip
Trigonidium Lindl.
movably joined with the
lip
or
84b.
85a.
Column
Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. (including Camaridium Lindl. and Ornithidium Salisb.) without a distinct foot 85
Sepals and petals similar
86
85b.
86a.
Sepals and petals very different, sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate and petals much smaller and linear; lip without any callus Cyrtoglottis Schltr.
Plants medium-sized to large, simple; leaves lorate to elliptic-oblong; lip with a prominent callus Mormolyca Fenzl
Plants small to minute,
ecallose
86b.
87a.
much
branched; leaves
filiform, pine-like;
lip
Stigma excavated,
parallel to the axis of the
column
Pityphyllum Schltr. 88
87b.
Stigma protuberant, cushion-like, commonly horizontal, often setose; petals and lip often with prominent veining; column very short and
stout
115
(cf.
88a.
Anther incumbent; rostellum porrect or deflexed and Cryptarrhena R. Br. on other branch, 88b)
Anther
erect,
Macradenia R. Br.
89
88b.
89a.
on the back
of the
column or at
its
cucullate clinandrium
very apex beneath the 113

90
91
89b.
90a.
Column produced into a distinct, though Column always footless or nearly so
short, foot
90b.
91a.
91b.
92a.
Lip provided with a large, transverse, plurisulcate crest; anther 2-celled. Zygopetalum Hook, (including Warscewiczella Reichb. f.) Lip not provided with a large transverse, plurisulcate crest but with a flat or depressed, apically bidentate or tridentate callus; anther 1-celled. Chondrorhyncha Lindl. Flower distinctly spurred or saccate at the base, either the lateral sepals saccate below or the lip produced into one or two distinct spurs 92 Flower not spurred or saccate at the base, neither the lateral sepals nor the 99 lip produced below Lip not spurred; lateral sepals saccate at the base 93
Lip produced into one or two spurs 94 Leaves elliptic or oval; lip subequaling the sepals, rounded at the apex; column relatively elongate, with two falcate arms Sutrina Lindl
92b.
93a.
93b.
Leaves linear-oblong or narrower;
(commonly much arms
so), bilobed at
more or less exceeding the sepals the apex; column very short, without
lip
lonopsis
Kunth

94a.
15
94b.
95a.
Lip with a single spur; lateral sepals not truly spurred, though sometimes 95 concave below Lip with a double spur enclosed by the spur formed by the connate lateral 96 sepals
Lateral sepals deeply connate; spur (in the Peruvian species) solid; inflorescences several- to many-flowered Rodriguezia Ruiz & Pav.
95b.
96a.
Lateral sepals free; spur hollow; inflorescences 1- to rarely 5-flowered. Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.
96b.
97a.
Spur formed by the lateral sepals elongate and slender, many (5 or more) 97 times longer than broad Spur formed by the lateral sepals short and stout, not many times longer 98 than broad
much surpassing the sepals; mid-lobe very broad, emarginate; inEndl. florescence simple or slightly branched Comparettia Poepp.
Lip
&
97b.
98a.
Lip subequaling the sepals; mid-lobe not broad, rounded to acute; inflorescence loosely and divaricately panicled. .Diadenium Poepp. & Endl. Leaves narrowly linear or linear, fleshy-thickened; lip with a pair of broad, spreading plates extending through the lower half; spurs of the lip relatively Neokoehleria Schltr. long, curved and capitate
.
98b.
99a.
Leaves oblong to elliptic; lip without a pair of broad plates below; spurs of Scelochilus Kl. the lip short (commonly), straight, not capitate
Pollinia 2 Pollinia 4; rostellum
100
99b.
lOOa.
and anther produced into a long beak; leaves equi112
tant
lOOb.
Clinandrium low, lightly excavated, not hyaline-margined, with the margin entire; column near the stigma wingless; low plants with equitant Trizeuxis Lindl. leaves and minute, congested flowers Clinandrium with a high margin surrounding the anther, or the column provided near the stigma (except in Brassia and most of Sigmatostalix) 101 with more or less prominent spreading wings or arms
102 Leaves jointed at the base Leaves unjointed; stems elongate, densely covered by numerous equitant
leaves; inflorescences lateral,
lOla.
lOlb.
102a.
commonly
short
Lockhartia Hook.
it
Lip clasping the column at the base and shortly adnate to margins of the clinandrium denticulate to lacerate. Lip not clasping the column, though sometimes adnate to
it
below;
Trichopilia Lindl. (including Leucohyle Kl.)
102b.
103a.
below.
.103
Stigmas or stigmatic cavities
2, distinct,
situated near together. Cochlioda Lindl.
103b.
104a.
104 Stigmas or stigmatic cavities solitary Lip with the basal portion erect and parallel to the column, anterior 105 portion reflexed-spreading 106 Lip spreading from the base of the column Lower half of the lip adnate to the column; petals adnate to the lower part
of the column Lower portion
104b.
105a.
Symphyglossum
of lip at
Schltr.
105b.
106a.
most
slightly
petals free
adnate to the column at the base; Odontoglossum HBK.
Sepals and petals long-acuminate, usually caudate; lip often pandurate
commonly
simple,
Brassia Lindl.
16
106b.
107a.
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
in the Brazilian
Sepals and petals not long-acuminate or caudate (except Oncidium phymatochilum Lindl.)
107
Lip not narrowly clawed or having a conspicuous, abruptly narrowed basal 108 portion Lip truly clawed or having a conspicuous, portion
abruptly narrowed basal 110
107b.
108a.
Column
above
short
and usually
stout,
prominently 2-winged or auricled 109
108b.
109a.
Column more
or less elongated and slender,
commonly not 2-winged above.

Sigmatostalix Reichb.
f.
Lip relatively large, simple, pandurate or prominently bilobed in front; Miltonia Lindl. disc naked or lightly lamellate at the base
109b.
Lip commonly not large in relation to the other segments, usually 3- or more-lobed; disc prominently crested or tuberculate at the base. Oncidium Sw.
HOa.
Column
slender and elongated,
commonly strongly
arcuate. Sigmatostalix Reichb.
f.
HOb.
Ilia.
Column
short (or very short) and stout, straight
Ill
Inflorescence racemose; floral segments widely spreading; petals similar Solenidium Lindl. to the sepals Inflorescence paniculate (very rarely racemose); floral segments panulate-connivent; petals markedly wider than the dorsal sepal.
lllb.
camf.
Neodryas Reichb.
112a.
Petals closely similar to the sepals, lanceolate-linear; column well-developed, with a pair of conspicuous wings at the base. Hofmeisterella Reichb. f.
flabellate or suborbicular
112b.
Petals usually very different from the sepals, commonly obovate to and larger than the sepals; column minute, wingless Ornithocephalus Hook.
113a.
Lip simple, triangular or hastate; anther erect, on the back of the column.
113b.
114a.
Lip sharply 3- or more-lobed Plants with pseudobulbs; mid-lobe of the

or linear
Notylia Lindl. 114

lip
simple, narrow, lanceolate Macradenia R. Br. or more-lobed, broad. Cryptarrhena R. Br.
114b.
115a.
Plants without pseudobulbs; mid-lobe of the
lip 2-
lip
Pseudobulbs present, though often concealed by the surrounding leaves; almost always 3-lobed or with retrorse linear or oblong auricles.
Trichoceros
HBK.
116
115b.
116a.
Pseudobulbs absent
Flowers minute; lip 3-lobed, with small retrorse lateral lobes; petals much narrower than the sepals Stellilabium Schltr. Flowers medium-sized to large; broader than the sepals
lip
116b.
117a.
always simple; petals commonly

Telipogon
much
HBK.
118
Lip without any spur
117b.
118a.
Lip prominently spurred; clinandrium low, not enlarged or petaloid. Campylocentrum Benth. Pollinia 4; inflorescences always 1-flowered; column with a short or very short foot; clinandrium not enlarged or petaloid Dichaea Lindl.

118b.
Pollinia 2
17
andrium very
anther
119a.
(each one sometimes deeply divided); column footless; clinlarge, petaloid, cucullate, altogether surrounding the
119
of
Stipe
the
pollinia
unparted;
inflorescence
.
racemose,
. .
few-flowered
119b.
Pachyphyllum HBK. (rarely 1-flowered); flowers commonly very small Stipe of the pollinia more or less deeply 2-parted; inflorescences usually 1-flowered; flowers medium-sized to relatively large Centropetalum Lindl. (including Nasonia Lindl. & Fernandezia Ruiz & Pav., in part)
.
PHRAGMIPEDIUM
A member
of the tropical regions of Central
Rolfe
in
Cypripedium tribe, widely spread and South America.

commonly
the
tive.
Plants terrestrial or epiphytic. Raceme or panicle terminal,
deciduous.
Lip pouch-shaped.
Leaves elongate, not jointed, thick, duplicaseveral-flowered. Perianth showy, Fertile anthers two. Ovary 3-celled, with axile
placentation.
Al.
A2.
la.
Petals very elongate, 20 to about 75 cm. long; scape without sheaths.
P. caudatum
Petals
up
to 15 cm. long; scape (in specimens examined) sheathed at the

I
base
Horns between the claw and pouch

or less wide
of the lip absent; leaves
about 1.3 cm. P. caricinum

1
Ib.
Horns between the claw and pouch examined) 2.5 cm. or more wide
Lip equaling or
little
of the lip present; leaves (in specimens
la.
Lip half as long as the lamina of the lateral sepals. .P.
Czerwiakowianum
2
Ib.
2a.
shorter than the lamina of the lateral sepals
Margin Margin
of the petals strongly crisped -undulate;
reniform-oval, cordate
2b.
staminode transversely P. Boissierianum

;
of the petals flat or nearly so, not strongly crisped-undulate

elliptic
staminode transversely
and obscurely 3-lobed
P. Hartwegii
(Reichb. f.) Rolfe, Orch. Boissierianum Reichb. f. Bonpl. Cypripedium 2: 116. 1854. Selenipedium Boissierianum Reichb. f. Bonpl. 2: 116. 1854, and Xen. Orch. 1: 3, 176, t. 62. 1854-56. Cypripedium grandiflorum Pav. Ms. ex Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 1: 177. 1856. Paphiopedilum Boissierianum Pfitz. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 19: 41. 1894. Phragmopedilum Boissierianum Pfitz. Engler Pflanzenr. IV. 50
Phragmipedium Boissierianum
Rev. 4: 332. 1896.
(Heft 12): 50. 1903. Phragmopedilum cajamarcae Schltr. Repert. Beih. 9: 41. 1921.
Fedde
Plant caespitose, large and stout, up to 15 dm. tall (P. cajamarcae form). Leaves 6-8, distichously clustered on lower part of stem, lorate, acute, 50-100 cm. long, up to 4.5 cm. wide in the middle. Scape about as long as the leaves, with
several (up to 6) distant sheaths below, terminating in a lax, 3- to 15-flowered raceme. Flowers large, yellow-green commonly reticulated with darker green,
18
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
the petals margined with white or brown. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, narrowed to an obtuse apex, undulate on the margin, up to 5.5 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide. Lateral sepals connate into an oblong-ovate or subelliptic lamina which is somewhat shorter but more than twice broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals widely spreading, lanceolate-linear, much longer than the sepals, much twisted,
with undulate margins, 7 cm. or more long. Lip pendent, obovate-saccate, clawed, about equaling the lamina of the lateral sepals or a little shorter, with a pair of conical horns between the claw and the pouch of the lip. Staminode transversely
reniform-oval.
Peru: Near Pillao, Ruiz & Pavdn s.n. Cajamarca: Valley of Tabaconas River, 950 meters, Weberbauer 6158 (type of P. cajamarcae Schltr.). Huanuco, near Muna, Davis s.n. Cueva Grande, near Pozuzo, about 1076 meters, on grassy and sparsely bushy, clay Puente Durand, north of Huanuco, Valley slopes, Macbride 4801. of Rio Chinchao, 1100 meters, open space in rich black loam near edge of jungle, Stork & Horton 9437. Loreto, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 119. 1921. San Martin: Along Rio Huallaga, about 20 km. from Tingo Maria on road to Huanuco, 625-1100 meters, Allard 21972. Boqueron Pass, 92 km. from Tingo Maria, on highway to Pucallpa, at abandoned rock tunnels, about 410 meters,
Allard 21744-
Also Ecuador.
(Lindl.
Phragmipedium caricinum
&
Paxt.)
Rolfe,
Orch.
Rev. 4: 332. 1896. Cypripedium caricinum Lindl. & Paxt. Paxt. Flow. Gard. 1: sub t. 9. 1850-51; Batem. Bot. Mag. 90: t. 5466. 1864. Selenipedium caricinum Reichb. f. Bonpl. 2: 116. 1854; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 12. 1893. Selenipedium Pearcei Reichb. f. Fl. des Serres 16: t. 1648. 1866. Paphiopedilum caricinum Pfitz.
Engler Bot. Jahrb. 19: 41. 1894. Cypripedium Pearcei Hort. ex Veitch, Man. Orch. PI. pt. 4: 60. 1889. Phragmopedilum caricinum Rolfe ex Pfitz. Engler Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 12): 46. 1903.
Rhizome creeping. Plant 30 cm. or more tall. Leaves in clusters of 3-6, imbricating in basal tufts, narrowly linear and sedge-like, about 28-50 cm. long and 1.3 cm. or less wide. Scape about equaling the leaves, with scattered sheaths
below, short-pubescent, loosely 3- to 7-flowered above. Sepals and petals pale green or whitish with green veins and scattered madder spots on lip. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-ovate to broadly lanceolate, obtuse, about 3-4 cm. long and 1 cm. or less wide. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly oblong-ovate lamina, Petals pendent, slightly shorter but distinctly broader than the dorsal sepal. lanceolate-linear from a falcate base, twisted, with undulate margins, about 5.5-12.7 cm. long. Lip calceiform or obovoid, about as long as the lamina of the lateral sepals, without horns between the claw and pouch of the lip.
the Maranon River from Iquitos up to the mouth of River at Pongo de Manseriche, 160 meters, in rainthe Santiago
Loreto:
On

forest,
19
Near Tarapoto, on inundated rocks in Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. streams, Spruce 3955. San Martin: Rio Cainarachi, Pongo de Cainarachi, 9: 119. 1921. tributary of Rio Huallaga, about 230 meters, on tree in forest,
Tessmann 4143.
Klug 2634- Chazuta, Rio Huallaga, about 260 meters, on rock Klug 4099. Also Bolivia (type).
in
forest,
(Lindl.) Rolfe, Orch. Rev. 4: 332. caudatum Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 531. 1840; 1896. Cypripedium Lindl. & Paxt. Paxt. Flow. Gard. 1: t. 9. 1850-51. Selenipedium caudatum Reichb. f. Bonpl. 2: 116. 1854. Paphiopedilum caudatum Pfitz. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 19: 41. 1894. Phragmopedilum caudatum
Pfitz.
Phragmipedium caudatum
Engler Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 12): 51. 1903.
Figure
1.
Plant caespitose. Leaves about 6, distichously clustered at the base of the stem, broadly lorate, up to about 60 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, coriaceous. Scape velutinous, naked, more or less surpassing the leaves, very loosely 1- to 4- (6-) flowered above. Flowers the largest of the genus. Sepals whitish to greenish yellow. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, narrowed to an obtuse tip, up to 18 cm. long and 2.8 cm. wide below. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate-lanceolate lamina which is slightly shorter (rarely longer) but distinctly broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals pendent, from a falcate-lanceolate base, elongate-linear, 20-75 cm. Lip calceiform, about 5-6.5 cm. long, long, twisted, mostly purplish brown. green at the base to purplish brown above, with purple spots on the white infolded
margins.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2040 meters, on Huanuco: Mufia, Lobb, Davis. Junin: Prov. rocks, Vargas 3365. of Tarma, Utcuyacu, 1900 meters, on tree in low forest upon steepest hill slope, common name "Zapatito," Woytkowski 35351. Lima, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 119. 1921. Puno: Prov. of Sandia, 2-6 km. from Oconeque, 1800-2100 meters, on trail, in both shaded and open places, on granite mountain-side, in much fog and rain, Metcalf 30633. Also Mexico to Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador.
Phragmipedium Czerwiakowianum
Rev. 4: 332. 1896.
2: 116. 1854.
(Reichb.
f.)
Rolfe, Orch.
Jahrb. 19: 41.
Gen. et Sp.
1:
Selenipedium Czerwiakowianum Reichb. f. Bonpl. Paphiopedilum Czerwiakowianum Pfitz. Engler Bot. 1894. Cypripedium Czerwiakowianum Kranzl. Orch. 49. 1897. Phragmopedilum Czerwiakowianum Rolfe
:
ex Pfitz. Engler Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 12)
50. 1903.
Plant apparently large, described only from the rachis of the inflorescence and one or two flowers. Portion of the rachis present about 23 cm. tall, apparently
FIG.
1.
X M- Drawn by
Phragmipedium caudatum D. E. Tibbitts.
(Lindl.)
Rolfe.
Flowering plant; about
20

loosely 3-flowered.
21
Flower rather large, greenish yellow. Dorsal sepal ovateoblong ("oblongo ligulatum"), undulate on the margin, about 5.5 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate lamina which is about as long as the dorsal sepal but much broader. Petals decurved-spreading, linear-lanceolate, with the lower three fourths strongly undulate on the margins, about 10 cm. long. Lip obovate-calceiform, clawed, about half as long as the lamina of the lateral sepals, with a pair of rounded, retuse horns above the claw.
Peru: Habitat not recorded; fide Reichenbach

I
f.
have examined a record of this concept from the Reichenbach Herbarium in the Ames Herbarium.
Phragmipedium Hartwegii
Mo. Bot. Gard.
26: 280. 1939.
(Reichb. f.) L. O. Williams, Ann. Cypripedium Hartwegii Reichb. f.
Bot. Zeit. 10: 714, 765. 1852.
Bonpl. 2: 116. 1854,
and Xen. Orch.
pedilum Hartwegii
Pfitz. Pfitz.
pedilum Hartwegii
Selenipedium Hartwegii Reichb. f. 1: 3, 70, t. 27. 1854. PaphioBot. Jahrb. 19: 41. 1894. PhragmoEngler Engler Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 12) 48. 1903.
:
Leaves broadly lorate, Plant apparently caespitose, about 60 cm. tall. narrow below, strongly attenuate above, about 60 cm. or more long. Peduncle 60-90 cm. tall, glabrous, with several (4) spathaceous, red-brown sheaths at the base. Raceme loosely 7- to 9-flowered. Flowers rather large, greenish yellow. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong or "oblong," attenuate above, about 5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide, undulate on the margins. Lateral sepals connate into an ovateelliptic lamina which is about equally long with the dorsal sepal but nearly twice as broad, undulate on the margin. Petals pendent, linear-lanceolate, attenuate above, lightly twisted, obscurely crisped on the margin, about 8.5 cm. long. Lip obovate-calceiform, clawed, about equaling the lamina of the lateral sepals, with a pair of retuse, subquadrate lobes or horns above the claw. Staminode transversely elliptic, lightly 3-lobed in front.
Cajamarca: Fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. Ecuador (type).
9: 120. 1921.
HABENARIA
Terrestrial, erect plants.
Willd.
Stems simple, commonly leafy or leafy-bracted.
not jointed terminal, 1- to many-flowered, loose or dense. Flowers leafy-bracted. Dorsal sepal broad, concave. Lateral sepals usually longer, narrower and more or less reflexed. Petals simple to deeply bilobed or bipartite.
linear, lanceolate, oblanceolate or elliptic (rarely orbicular),
Leaves
to the sheath.
Racemes
Lip simple or 3-lobed, always provided with a spur which is commonly elongatecylindric to clavate. Column short and stout. Stigmatic processes (in tropical
species) usually conspicuous.
very large, polymorphic and cosmopolitan genus of both
hemispheres, ranging from the subarctic regions to the tropics.
22 Al. A2.
la.
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
I
Lip simple or with a pair of basal teeth or very short lobes Lip deeply 3-lobed or 3-partite, with the lateral lobes commonly more than half, as long as the mid-lobe
half, or
Ib.
la.
Ovary with 6 prominent, more or less crisped wings Ovary without prominent crisped wings
H. hexaptera
1
flowered or with the large foliaceous bracts commonly exceeding the flowers and giving the appearance (at least in the dried 2 specimen) of a stout rachis
Raceme densely
Ib.
Raceme
lax or loosely flowered (rarely subdense in

floral
spreading the rachis

2a.
bracts
commonly
H. re-pens); the usually shorter than the flowers and revealing 3
2b.
3a.
H. ligulata H. obtusa Petals simple, subquadrate-oblong, bilobulate at the truncate apex and H. floribunda fleshy on the anterior half
Spur little surpassing the lip Spur elongate, about three times or more surpassing the
lip
3b.
4a.
4 Petals not subquadrate-oblong Plant dwarf, about 18 cm. high; leaves linear-lanceolate, about 2.5 cm. H. linifolia 1 long; petals ovate
4b.
Plant ovate
tall,
ovate-lanceolate,
30 cm. or more high; leaves lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or the larger ones 6.4 cm. or more long; petals not
5
5a.
Petals lanceolate, linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sometimes with 6 a small tooth at the base in front Petals not lanceolate, either simple and rhombic-obovate or deeply bi7 lobed; lip with lateral angles, teeth or divaricate lobules
5b.
6a.
Raceme 10 cm. or more long, many-flowered; sepals prominently sharpH. parvidens apiculate; petals merely angled at the base in front Raceme about 5-6 cm. long, 4- to 8-flowered; sepals obtuse to acute; petals H. laxiflora with a prominent tooth at the base in front
Petals simple, rhombic to subquadrate-obovate Petals conspicuously bilobed, with divaricate lobules
Posterior lobe of the petals ligulate
6b.
7a.
H. autumnalis
8
7b.
8a.
H. avicula var. peruviana
8b.
9a.
Posterior lobe of the petals subquadrate, 3-dentate at the apex.
Spur abbreviated, about
2.2
mm.
long
H. dentifera H. parvicalcarata
10
9b.
lOa.
Spur elongate, linear-cylindric or clavate
Petals entire, ligulate-pandurate; lateral lobes of the lip ligulate-quadrate or subquadrate and relatively broad H. corydophora Petals deeply bilobed; lateral lobes of the lip linear or filiform
11
lOb.
lla.
Anterior division of the petals bifid; lateral lobes of the as long as the mid-lobe
lip
about one half
H.
abortiens
lib.
Anterior division of the petals not bifid, linear; lateral lobes of the lip 12 commonly nearly as long as the mid-lobe or longer
leaf -sheaths more or less conspicuously dark-maculate; leaves with a prominent, narrow, scarious margin H. monorrhiza Stems and leaf-sheaths not maculate; leaves without a scarious margin 13
12a.
Stems and
12b.
1
See note under this species.

Leaves
linear, linear-oblong to triangular-lanceolate or
23
lanceolate
(commonly with subparallel
sides)
narrowly oblong14
less
Leaves ovate to oblong-elliptic (rarely lanceolate) with more or rounded sides Flowers relatively large, dorsal sepal about 10 mm. or more long Flowers much smaller, dorsal sepal about 4-7 mm. long
19
15
17
Inflorescence few- (1- to very rarely 6-) flowered; stigmatic processes H. pauciflora inconspicuous
many- (commonly 12- or more-) flowered; stigmatic processes 16 and conspicuous Sepals 12 mm. or less long; mid-lobe of the lip markedly surpassing the H. uncatiloba lateral lobes Sepals 15 mm. or more long; mid-lobe of the lip shorter than the lateral H. Sartor lobes Raceme narrow with appressed flowers, about 1.75 (rarely 3) cm. in H. repens diameter Raceme relatively broad with spreading flowers, about 2 (rarely) to 4 cm.
Inflorescence
large
in diameter
18
less long,
Spur
1.7
cm. or
prominently clavate, rounded at the apex. H. Paivaeana
H. caldensis long, slender and not prominently clavate H. pauciflora Racemes few- (1- to very rarely 6-) flowered Racemes commonly many- (9- or more-) flowered 20 Plant dwarf, up to 19 cm. tall (excluding rooting portion); lobes of the H. pumiloides petals parallel to each other or slightly diverging Plant 20 (rarely) or more cm. tall; lobes of the petals and of the lip more
Spur 3-4 cm.
or less diverging
21
Anterior lobe of the petals much shorter than the posterior lobe; lateral H. rupestris lobes of the lip shorter than the mid-lobe
Anterior lobe of the petals about equal to or longer than the posterior 22 lobe; lateral lobes of the lip about equaling or longer than the mid-lobe
.
.
Leaves prominently 3-nerved; stigmatic processes short and inconspicuous. H, Paivaeana Leaves with 5 rather prominent nerves; stigmatic processes lanceolateH. Guentheriana ellipsoid and conspicuous
Habenaria abortiens
Stem about 60 cm.
many-flowered.
Lindl. Gen.
&
Sp. Orch. 306. 1835.
high, densely leafy. Leaves lanceolate. Raceme elongate, Dorsal sepal dwarf, orbicular-ovate. Lateral sepals relatively
large, obliquely semiorbicular, reflexed.
Petals very small, divaricately bilobed, with the broader anterior lobe bifid. Lip tripartite; lateral lobes subulate, about half as long as the linear mid-lobe, recurved at the tip. Spur narrowly cylindricclavate, acute or acuminate, exceeding the lip.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Haenke.
Huanuco,
fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 120. 1921. I have seen only a floral analysis ley Herbarium.
of this species
from the Lind-
24
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
Habenaria autumnalis
Nov. Gen. ac Sp.
99. 1893.
Plant about 10.5-18 dm.
tall.
1: 44,
t.
"auctumnalis") Poepp. & Endl. 75. 1836; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4:
(as
Stems
stout, densely leaved.
Leaves oblong-
lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, up to 20 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, sessile, amplexicaul, long-acuminate, 5-nerved. Raceme up to 60 cm. long, loosely manyflowered.
Flowers green.
Dorsal sepal deeply concave, suborbicular, retuse,
long. Lateral sepals nearly twice as long, very obliquely semiorbicular, obtuse, reflexed. Petals small, simple, rhombic to subquadrate-obovate, some-
5-6
mm.
sepal. Lip simple, linear, obtuse, sometimes with a pair of obtuse angles at the base, a little longer than the lateral sepals, about 10 mm. long. Spur about twice as long as the lip or more, slenderly cylindric or
what shorter than the dorsal
clavate-cylindric.
Huanuco: Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cassapi (Casapi), in primeval woods and shaded rocky places, Poeppig s.n. (type). Near Cuchero (Cochero), in shady woods, Poeppig 1072. Junin:
Pichis Trail, Yapas, 1350-1600 meters, in dense forest, Killip
&
Smith 25527.
Habenaria avicula Schltr. var. peruviana C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Lean Harvard Univ. 9: 45, fig. 4 (p. 51). 1941. Figure 2.
1
Plant up to 10.5 dm. tall. Stem leafy above; basal portion (up to 32 cm. long) provided only with tubular sheaths. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolateligulate, acute or acuminate, clasping at the narrowed base, up to 12.5 cm. long and 3.4 cm. wide. Raceme loosely many-flowered, 22 cm. or more long. Flowers
greenish white. Dorsal sepal deeply concave, suborbicular, about 5 mm. long. Lateral sepals twice as long, very obliquely semiorbicular. Petals small, divaricately bilobed, with the posterior lobe linear-ligulate and the anterior lobe narLip 3-lobed, up to 11.5 mm. long; lateral lobes reduced to short, spreading, triangular or linear-triangular teeth; mid-lobe elongate, linear.
rowly triangular.
Spur more than twice longer than the

cylindric.
lip,
up
to 28.5
mm.
long, narrowly clavate-
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, about 100 meters, in dense Smith 29880 (type). forest, Killip Quistococha, vicinity of on sandy ground in forest, Asplund 14660. Iquitos,
&
Habenaria caldensis Kranzl. Engl. Bot. Jahrb.

Cogn. Martius
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 70,
tall.
16: 128. 1893;
t.
13, fig. 2.
1893.
Plant up to 10.8 dm.
Stem rather
slender
and loosely several-leaved.
Leaves linear to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, more or less acuminate, long-sheathing below, suberect, up to 15 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide. Raceme short or rather long, few- to many-flowered, up to 16.5 cm. long. Flowers green, often with white Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, strongly concave, apiculate, up to petals and lip. Lateral sepals somewhat longer and narrower, falcate, elliptic6.5 mm. long. ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute. Petals deeply bipartite, with the divisions
1, flower with pedicellate FIG. 2. Habenaria parvicalcarata C. Schweinf. X 6. ovary, from side; X 6. 2, petal; X 6. H. pumiloides C. Schweinf. 3, petal; H. avicula Schltr. var. peruviana C. Schweinf. 4, petal; X 6. H. dentifera C. Schweinf. 5 and 6, petals from different flowers; X 6.
25
26
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
subparallel; posterior division ovate-oblong; anterior division linear, shorter or longer than the posterior division. Lip tripartite nearly to the base; lateral lobes linear, spreading, up to 11 mm. long; mid-lobe a little shorter and almost twice
as broad as the lateral lobes. Spur elongate-cylindric, much exceeding the other segments, slightly clavate above, 3-4 cm. long. Stigmatic processes short. Ovary
distinctly pedicelled.
Loreto: Iquitos and vicinity, about 100 meters, clearing in woods, Smith 27214. Same locality, Williams 1516. Same locality, 120 meters, Williams 3750. Iquitos, among Homolepis aturensis in Also Brazil (type), British Guiana, and pasture, Asplund 14023.
Killip
&
Venezuela.
Habenaria corydophora Reichb.
f.
Linnaea 41: 30. 1876.
Plant small, 15-30 cm. high. Stem slender, with 4 to 7 scattering leaves. Leaves lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate ("oblong"), up to 5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. Raceme short, very loosely few- (2-6-) flowered. wide, acute or acuminate. Dorsal sepal suborbicular to ovate-oblong, deeply cucullate, about 5 mm. long.
Lateral sepals a little larger, obliquely semiorbicular or triangular-ovate, falcate. Petals entire, narrow, ligulate-pandurate, slightly oblique. Lip deeply 3-lobed near or below the middle, about 11 mm. long; lateral lobes obliquely subquadrate,
extrorse to lightly retrorse,
lanceolate-linear,
more or
less crenulate
on the outer margins; mid-lobe

("filiform"),
porrect.
lip,
about equaling the
Spur very narrow, clavate-cylindric but shorter than the pedicellate ovary.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Lobb s.n. (type). Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, "Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc," 2200 meters, in forest humus, flowers white, Vargas 2562. Also (from drawing of the type in the Reichenbach Herbarium at Vienna) "Sandillari, 7-8000', white, G. Pearce."
Habenaria dentifera C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

Univ. 9: 46,
figs. 5,
Leafl.
Harvard
(p. 51).
1941.
Figure
2.
Plant tall, 79 cm. or more high. Stem leafy except in the basal portion which is provided with 3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, up to 21.5 cm. long and 5.3 cm. wide, acuminate, clasping below. Raceme very loosely many-flowered, up to 38 cm. long. Dorsal sepal relatively small, strongly cucullate, suborbicular, obtuse, about 6 mm. long. Lateral sepals larger, about
8.5 mm. long, semiorbicular, falcate, obtuse, reflexed. Petals deeply bilobed; posterior lobe subquadrate, unequally 3-toothed at the slightly dilated apex; anterior lobe smaller, at right angles to the posterior lobe, triangular-ovate to lanceolate. Lip linear, 3-lobed (rarely merely angled) at the base, fleshy; lateral lobes minute, dentiform, reflexed, sometimes uncinate; mid-lobe many times
larger, up to 11.5 up to 3.1 cm. long.
mm.
long,
rounded at the apex.
Spur very slenderly
cylindric,
in
Junin: East of Quimiri Bridge, near La Merced, 800-1300 meters, dense forest, flowers light green, Killip & Smith 23841 (type).
27
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 1217 (immature). Quistococha, at edge of forest, Asplund 14169. San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, about 1100 meters, in mountain forest, flowers yellow-green, Klug 8691
.
Habenaria floribunda
lax.
Lindl. Gen.
&
Sp. Orch. 316. 1835.
Vegetative parts lacking. Raceme very long, more than 30 cm. in length, Dorsal sepal round-ovate, strongly concave, abruptly acute. Lateral sepals somewhat longer, falcately ovate-oblong, spreading. Petals simple, subquadrateoblong, unequally bilobed at the truncate apex, fleshy on the anterior half. Lip simple, linear, subacute. Spur linear-clavate, somewhat exceeding the lip, equaling
the ovary.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Haenke s.n. Description largely taken from a floral analysis in the Lindley
Herbarium.
Habenaria Guentheriana Kranzl. Fedde Repert.

Plant 30 to over 70 cm.
tall.
25: 18. 1928.
Stem
leafy.
Leaves
elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate (sometimes oblanceolate or obovate), acute or acuminate, up to 14 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, decreasing in size above and below, 5-nerved.
Raceme rather loosely many-flowered, 8-30 cm. long, sometimes nodding at the apex. Dorsal sepal very broadly ovate or suborbicular, deeply cucullate, about 5 mm. long and nearly as wide, rounded and sometimes slightly retuseapiculate at the apex. Lateral sepals somewhat longer, about 7 mm. long, obliquely semiorbicular. Petals bipartite; posterior lobe linear, recurved, almost equaling
lobe.
the dorsal sepal; anterior lobe narrowly linear, much longer than the posterior Lip tripartite; lateral lobes linear, spreading or incurved, 9-11.5 mm. long;
mid-lobe similar, slightly broader and shorter than the lateral lobes. Spur slenderly fusiform-clavate, about equaling the pedicellate ovary. Stigmatic processes long, decurved.
Cuzco: "Mercedes," 900 meters, Bues s.n. Quillabamba, SouProv. of Convencion, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, on open grass slope, perianth yellow-greenish, Vargas 2541. Also Bolivia (type).
kup 141.
The Peruvian collections cited above consist of three specimens which are considerably lower plants than the type, but have sometimes slightly longer leaves which are frequently somewhat oblanceolate or obovate in outline. The racemes are also shorter and fewerflowered than typical.
Habenaria hexaptera
Martius
Plant up to 80 cm. high.
Lindl. Gen.
t.
&
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 101,
14, fig.
Sp. Orch. 316. 1835; Cogn. 2. 1893.
leafy except near the sheathed base. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 6-12 cm. long, up to 3.5 cm. wide, acute or acuminate. Raceme elongate, up to 20 cm. long, rather loosely many-flowered.
Stem
28
30
Flowers greenish. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate or suborbicular, obtuse and apiculate, 7-8 mm. long. Lateral sepals a little longer and much narrower, obliquely ovatelanceolate, acute and apiculate. Petals simple, linear-oblong or oblong-ligulate, obtuse or subacute, bluntly angled at the base in front. Lip linear or linearligulate, 6-8 mm. long, at the base on each side very shortly and acutely dentate. Spur cylindric-clavate, up to 11 mm. long, more or less surpassing the lip. Ovary
with 6 undulate or serrulate, membranaceous wings.
Puno
1921.
(ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 120.
Also Brazil (type) and Colombia.

laxiflora Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 46, a-d. 1836; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 36. 1893.
Habenaria
t.
78, figs.
Stem up to 35 cm. high, sparingly leafy throughout. Leaves elongatelanceolate, acuminate, sheathing below, 6.4-9 cm. long, up to 10 mm. wide, gradually diminishing upwards into bracts. Raceme 5-6 cm. long, loosely 4- to 8-flowered. Flowers rather large. Sepals green. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate,
mm. long. Lateral sepals apparently a little longer and narrower, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, reflexed, about 15 mm. long. Petals yellow, bipartite; posterior division lanceolate, acute; anterior division much smaller,
obtuse, about 12
Lip yellow, tripartite above the base, up to 24 mm. long; lateral lobes short, linear, subparallel to the mid-lobe; mid-lobe linear, 3 or 4 times as long as the lateral lobes. Spur linear-cylindric, equaling the mid-lobe
reduced to a triangular tooth.
of the lip.
Huanuco: On dry rocks near Cassapi (Casapi), No example of this species was available.
fide
Poeppig.
Habenaria ligulata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 9:47. 1941.
leafy.
Plant up to 90 cm. tall, from a more or less decumbent base. Stem stout, Leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic, acute or short-acuminate, ascending, more or less imbricating, up to 13 cm. long and 2.8 cm. wide, decreasing above and below. Raceme densely many-flowered, up to 22.7 cm. long and nearly
5 cm. in diameter in the dried specimen.
Flowers medium-sized, green.
Dorsal
sepal ovate, strongly cucullate, broadly obtuse, 12-14
mm.
long.
Lateral sepals
oblong-lanceolate, a little longer and much narrower than the dorsal sepal, slightly Petals narrowly triangular-lanceolate, slightly falcate, acute, oblique, obtuse.
Lip simple, linear or linear-lanceolate, about Spur subequaling or slightly exceeding the lip, slender below, prominently flattened-clavate above. Ovary ribbed, but not prominently winged.
15
with the anterior half thickened.
mm.
long, obtuse, fleshy.
Ayacucho: Ccarrapa, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 1500 meters, terrestrial on open hillside, Killip & Smith 22341 (type). Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Tuncapata, Sta. Rita, 2500 meters, on open grassy slope, Vargas 2668 (type). Also Bolivia.

Habenaria
2.5
29
linifolia Presl, Rel.
Haenk.
1: 91. 1827.
Plant about 18 cm. high. Stem sheathed. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, cm. long. Raceme about 5 cm. long, loosely about 18-flowered. Sepals [and Lip linear-oblong from a petals] ovate, suboblique, obtuse, about 7 mm. long. broader base, obtuse, produced into an angle on each side at the base. Spur
linear [filiform], curved, as long as the* ovary.
Peru: Near Huanocco (Huanuco), fide Presl.
This diagnosis was compiled from the type description.

After this manuscript had been prepared, the type specimen of concept became available, and, while notably incomplete, the flower proved to be referable to the widespread North American
this
Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook.

see C. Schweinfurth, Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
For a discussion of this matter Harvard Univ. 17: 211. 1956.

f.
Habenaria monorrhiza
sell.
(Sw.) Reichb.
Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ge-
Orchis setacea Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 28. 1760, not Habenaria setacea Lindl. Orchis monorrhiza Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Habenaria speciosa Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Occ. 118. 1788, in part.
3: 274. 1885.
Gen. ac Sp. 1: 44, t. 76. 1836. Sp. Orch. 309. 1835.
Habenaria maculosa Lindl. Gen.
&
Plant very variable, up to 12 dm. tall. Stem leafy, together with the leafsheaths more or less distinctly dark-maculate. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, ellipticlanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, with a narrow scarious margin, up to 13.5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide. Raceme more or less elongate (up to
22 cm. tall), dense, commonly many-flowered (rarely few-flowered). Flowers white or cream and white, variable in size. Dorsal sepal ovate or suborbicularovate, deeply concave, 5-13.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals subequally long or a little longer, obliquely ovate or oblong-ovate. Petals deeply bipartite; posterior division
ovate-oblong, elliptic-oblong or ligulate; anterior division linear, equaling or shorter (very rarely longer) than the posterior division. Lip deeply tripartite; lateral divisions filiform, spreading or retrorse, subequal to or longer than the
middle division; middle division linear, about 16 mm. or less long. Spur slenderly cylindric, slightly broader above, about 2-3 times longer than the lip.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 Cuzco: Prov. of meters, in open woods, Killip & Smith 22557. Quispicanchis, Chaupichaca, Marcapata Valley, 1800 meters, "mixed formation consisting of shrubwoods and grass steppe," A. Weberbauer 7833. Same locality, 2000 meters, "macrothermal
Weberbauer 7833a. Prov. of Urubamba, MachuPicchu on rocky slope, 2000-2600 meters, Vargas 188 If. Huanuco: Between Huanuco and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 329, 331. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke 1257. La Merced, about 615 meters, on brushy banks, Macbride 5301.
grass steppe,"
30
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
locality,
VOLUME
30
about 700 meters, in wooded valley, Kittip & Smith 23511, 23701*. Rio Paucartambo Valley, near Perene Bridge, 700 Prov. of Tarma, meters, in dense forest, Kittip & Smith 25390. Quimiri, near La Merced, 800-900 meters, in evergreen forest, FerUtcuyacu, 1800 meters, in shady forest, Woytkowski reyra 3700. 35365. San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters, in mountain forest, King 3608. Also Guatemala to Panama, West Indies (type), Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador and Bolivia.
Same
Habenaria obtusa
Martius
Lindl. Gen.
&
Sp. Orch. 315. 1835; Cogn.
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 95, t. 16, fig. 1. 1893.
Plant stout, up to 9 dm. tall. Stem leafy, with leaves soon decreasing in size above. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate (or the lowermost elliptic), acute or subacute, long-sheathing at the base, up to 13.5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide. Raceme more or less elongate, up to 25 cm. long, loosely or subdensely flowered (the erect foliaceous floral bracts simulating a stout rachis). Floral bracts large, ovate-lanceolate, commonly exceeding the flowers. Flowers white or white and
Dorsal sepal broadly ovate or suborbicular, deeply concave, obtuse up to 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals oblong-ovate to semiorbicular, strongly oblique, reflexed, somewhat longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals simple, falcate-oblong with the anterior margin extended into a minute lobe or tooth at the base. Lip simple, linear, obscurely angled-dilated at the base on each side, 12-18 mm. long. Spur much longer, slenderly cylindric-clavate, about 4-5 cm.
greenish. (often apiculate),
long.
659983).
Lindl.
Cuzco: "Mercedes," 900 meters, Bues 3 (Herb. Field Museum Also Brazil (type), Surinam, Venezuela and Paraguay.
This stout and variable species probably includes H. Lindenii
Habenaria Paivaeana Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 3: 17. 1878. Habenaria chloroceras Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1: 89. 1905.
Plant up to 60 cm. high. Stem very leafy. Leaves elliptic, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate-elliptic, up to 17 cm. long and 3.3 cm. wide (the upper and lower blades much reduced), more or less convolute, acute or acuminate, long-sheathing
at the base, with 3 conspicuous nerves. Raceme more or less elongate, up to 12 cm. long, commonly many-flowered, rather laxly flowered when mature. Dorsal
sepal broadly ovate, acute, concave, 5-6 mm. long. Lateral sepals "triangular" or obliquely semiovate, distinctly longer than the dorsal sepal, conspicuously apiculate, reflexed. Petals bipartite, with linear-falcate lobes; anterior lobe sub-
equaling or longer than the posterior lobe.
Lip deeply
tripartite,
about 7-13
mm.
long; lobes linear, fleshy, spreading, nearly equal, with the middle division somewhat shorter than the laterals. Spur slender-cylindric below, clavate above,
rounded at the apex, markedly surpassing the

processes rounded, fleshy, not conspicuous.
lip,
7.5-17
mm.
long.
Stigmatic
31
Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3800-3900 meters, on open grassy paramo, Pennell 13888a. Surroundings of Acomayo, natural fences of Fourcroya, 3050 meters, Vargas 245. Huanuco: Ambo, about 2100 meters, on river-canyon slopes, in yucca hedge, Macbride 3149. Junin: Mountains east of Palca, 3000-3100 meters, on high grassy plateau with scattering shrubs, Weberbauer 2424 (type of H. chloroceras). Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, Ollachea (below), 2500 meters, Vargas 6946. Also Bolivia (type)
and Argentina.
comparison of the type collections of H. Paivaeana and H. chloroceras shows that these concepts are synonymous.
rigid
Habenaria parvicalcarata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

vard Univ. 9: 49,
fig. 1 (p. 51). 1941.
Lean".
Har-
Figure
2.
Plant small, about 25 cm. high, with a central, tuberous swelling terminating the base of the stem. Stem leafy, except at the sheathed base. Leaves more or less strict, lanceolate-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, loosely sheathing at the base, up to 7 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, much smaller above.
large.
7 cm. long, about 9-flowered, rather dense. Floral bracts relatively Flowers small, green. Dorsal sepal ovate, strongly cucullate, obtuse, Lateral sepals somewhat larger, obliquely mucronate, about 7.5 mm. long.
Raceme about
Petals deeply bipartite; concave, obtuse, mucronate, spreading. posterior lobe falcate, lanceolate-linear; anterior lobe linear, longer than the
lanceolate,
posterior lobe, strongly incurved toward the apex. Lip tripartite with subparallel lobes; lateral lobes narrowly linear, about 8.2 mm. long; mid-lobe linear, obtuse, a little shorter than the lateral lobes but about twice as broad. Spur very small,
cylindric,
about 2.2
mm.
long.
Stigmatic processes abbreviated.
Ovary
slender,
6-sulcate.
Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3800-3900 meters, on open grassy paramo, Pennell 13888.
Habenaria parvidens
Lindl. Gen.
&
Sp. Orch. 317. 1835.
Plant about 46 cm. tall. Stem leafy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovatelanceolate, channelled, acute or acuminate, long-sheathing below, up to 9.5 cm. long and 2.2 cm. wide. Raceme more or less elongate, loosely several- to many-
up to 17 cm. long. Floral bracts commonly shorter than the flowers. Dorsal sepal ovate, concave, acute, apiculate, about 11 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-ovate, acuminate, apiculate, reflexed, a little longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals simple, linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, falcate, with a blunt angle at the base in front. Lip trilobed at the base, about 13 mm. long; lateral lobes very short, linear or linear-triangular; mid-lobe linear, many times longer than the lateral lobes. Spur very slenderly clavate-cylindric, arcuate, distinctly surpassing the lip, about 3-3.5 cm. long.
flowered,
description of this species by 4: 95. 1893, specifies that the lip is pt.
The
Cogniaux, in Fl. Bras. 3, not dilated or at most ob-
32
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
scurely angled at the base and that the ovary is broadly six-winged with crisped wings. This characterization, which is at variance with the material examined, suggests either that Cogniaux confused
H. hexaptera with mous.
this species, or that the
two concepts are synony-
Habenaria hexaptera Lindl., H'. parvidens Lindl., C. Schweinf. form a rather closely allied and conligulata fusing group of which the components may, when more material is available, prove to be conspecific.
It appears that
and H.
Cuzco: Machu-Picchu, in damp thicket, Hunnewell 159^3. Huanuco: Near Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews 1885 (type).
Habenaria pauciflora
(Lindl.) Reichb.
f.
Bonpl. 2: 10. 1854;
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 37. 1893. Bonatea pauciflora H. setifera Lindl. Ann. & Mag. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 329. 1835. Nat. Hist. 4: 381. 1840; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 62. 1893.
Plant slender, very variable, up to 8 dm. high. Stem provided toward the base with tubular sheaths, loosely few-leaved above. Leaves oblong-lanceolate (rarely narrowly elliptic) to linear-lanceolate or linear, appressed or erect-spreading, channelled and often conduplicate, frequently incurved, acuminate to longattenuate (rarely acute), up to 15 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Raceme very loosely 1- to (very rarely) 6-flowered. Flowers rather large, green, white or cream-colored. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, concave, acute, apiculate, about 10-13 mm. long. Lateral sepals slightly longer, obliquely oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, apicuPetals bipartite; posterior division erect, obliquely oblong-lanceolate, reflexed. late or ovate-lanceolate (rarely ovate); anterior division linear, falcate, about as long as, or a little shorter than, the posterior lobe. Lip deeply tripartite, up to
15
mm.
recurved.
tip,
long; lobes linear, fleshy, subequal, the lateral lobes diverging and often Spur elongate, slender-cylindric below, clavate above, rounded at the
lip.
about 2 to 6 times longer than the
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Rio Alto, 900 meters, Bues 31 (Herb.

Field
Museum
9:
Beih.
120.
Spruce 4953.
zuela,
Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. 659998) Loreto: Near Tarapoto, on grassy plains, Also Mexico to Panama, Trinidad, Colombia, Vene.
1921.
British
pauciflora),
Guiana, French Guiana, Brazil (type and Argentina.
of Bonatea
Habenaria pumiloides C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

Univ. 9: 53,
oid.
fig.
Leafl.
Harvard
3 (p. 51). 1941.
Figure
2.
Plant low, erect, up to about 19 cm. high, terminating below in a stout tuberStem sheathed at the base, densely leafy above, 4-10 cm. high up to the raceme. Leaves 3 to 5, mostly imbricating, ovate or ovate-lanceolate to lanceolateelliptic, up to 4.5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, apparently con-
33
volute or conduplicate. Raceme 4-10.5 cm. long, few- to several-flowered, densely flowered above. Flowers yellowish green, small. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, up to 8 mm. long, cucullate, obtuse or acute. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate-lanceolate,
somewhat longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals bipartite; posterior lobe much the larger, lanceolate-oblong, obtuse or acute; anterior lobe shorter to subequally long, linear, incurved and overlapping the posterior lobe or spreading, obtuse. Lip deeply tripartite, up to 9.5 mm. long;
reflexed, obtuse or acute,
lateral lobes filiform, shorter
than the mid-lobe, obtuse, often slightly incurved
at the apex; mid-lobe linear-ligulate, obtuse, a little longer but much wider than the lateral lobes. Spur exceeding the lip, about 15 mm. or less long, more or less
clavate.
Abancay, upper Rio Marino, 3000 meters, between shrubs, Stork, Horton & Vargas 10645. Cuzco: Ollantaytambo, about 3000 meters, Cook & Gilbert 709 (type). Junin: Huancayo, 3400-3500 meters, Soukup 2998. Same locality, about 3317 meters, Soukup 3980.
Apurimac: Prov.
of
in
humus
of grassy area
Habenaria repens Nutt. Gen. N. Am. PI. 2: 190. 1818; Kranzl. Orch. Gen. et Sp. 1: 317. ?1901; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 91. 1893; Correll, Native Orch. N. Am. 103, t. 36. 1950. Platanthera foliosa Brongn. Duperr. Bot. Voy. Coquille, Phan. 195: t. 38B. 1829. Habenaria maxillaris Lindl. Hook. Journ. Bot. 1: 5. 1834; Gen. &
Sp. Orch. 310. 1835.
Figure
3.
Plant widespread and variable, stout or slender, leafy, 1-90 cm. high. Leaves linear to lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sheathing the stem below, about 5-24 cm. long, up to 2.6 cm. wide. Raceme more or less densely manyflowered, about 3.5-28.5 cm. long, rarely up to 3 cm. in diameter. Floral bracts commonly exceeding the flowers at maturity. Flowers small, greenish. Dorsal Lateral sepal ovate to suborbicular-ovate, apiculate, concave, 3-7 mm. long.
Petals deeply sepals somewhat longer and narrower, ovate to ovate-oblong. bipartite; posterior division linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute; anterior division linear or filiform, about equaling or slightly exceeding the posterior division. Lip tripartite nearly to the base, strongly reflexed; lateral lobes filiform,
5-11
mm.
slender,
long; mid-lobe linear to linear-oblong, about 4-7 about as long as the pedicellate ovary.
mm.
long.
Spur
Peru: Lima (type of H. maxillaris). Near Callao (type of Platanthera foliosa), fide Brongniart. This concept extends from North Carolina (U.S.A.), through the West Indies and Central and South America to Paraguay and Argentina.
Habenaria rupestris Poepp.

t.
&
Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 45,
78. 1836;
Cogn. Martius
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 89. 1893.
Plant variable, 30-50 cm. tall. Stem sheathed near the base, distantly leafy above. Leaves ovate, elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, amplexicaul below, 3-7.5 cm. long, 15-28 mm. wide. Raceme more or less elon-
34
30
gate, laxly flowered especially toward the base, 15 cm. or less long. Floral bracts Flowers rather numerous, dull as long as the ovary or surpassing the flower.
yellow. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, concave, acute, about 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-ovate or semiovate, acute, slightly longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals bipartite; posterior lobe triangular-lanceolate or obliquely oblong-ovate, subfalcate; anterior lobe much smaller, linear or linear-
Lip tripartite, up to 20 mm. long; about one-half as long as the mid-lobe or less; mid-lobe ligulate-linear, markedly broader than the lateral lobes. Spur cylindric-clavate, arcuate, about equaling the mid-lobe of the lip. Anther canals
lanceolate, spreading,
lateral lobes linear,
more more or
or less arcuate.
less diverging,
elongate, ascending.
Huanuco: In rocky woods near Cassapi (Casapi), Poeppig s.n. Rocky woods near Cuchero (Cochero), Poeppig 1613. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke 5J$. (This collection, of two variable plants, differs from the typical form in having often larger leaves (up to 7.5 cm. long), floral bracts markedly exceeding the flowers, and more or less longer lateral lobes of the lip.)
(type).
Lindl. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2: 662. 1843; Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 32, t. 5, fig. 1. 1893. H. dolichoCogn. sceras Barb. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1: 153. 1877. H. fastor Lindl. ex Warm. Vidensk. Meddel. nat. Foren. 90, t. 8, fig. 4. 1884
Habenaria Sartor
(Symb.
Fl. Bras. pt. 30: 90, t. 8, fig. 4. 1884).
Plant up to 12 dm. tall. Stem stout, leafy from the middle up to the raceme. Leaves linear-oblong or triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, long-sheathing below, channelled, erect-spreading, up to 27 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, gradually diminishing upward into bracts. Raceme more or less elongate, up to 25 cm. long, subdensely many-flowered. Flowers large, white, greenish white or yellow-green. Dorsal sepal narrowly ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute, apiculate, strongly concave, 15-20 mm. long. Lateral sepals somewhat longer, obliquely ovate-elliptic or ovate-oblong, acuminate. Petals deeply bipartite; posterior lobe linear-lanceolate
or linear-oblong, falcate; anterior lobe reflexed or spreading, very narrowly linear, longer than the posterior lobe. Lip deeply tripartite above the entire base; lateral
and similar to the anterior lobe of the petals, up to 3.2 cm. long; mid-lobe linear, shorter than the lateral lobes but broader, up to 2 cm. long. Spur linear-cylindric, pendulous, up to about 12.7 cm. long, much exceeding the ovary, with the apical part concealed by the foliaceous bracts. Stigmatic processes
lobes filiform
very conspicuous.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters, mountain forest, Klug 3522. Also Brazil (type) and Dutch Guiana (Surinam).
in
Cie"nc.
Habenaria uncatiloba C. Schweinf. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Exact. Fisic. y Natur. 5, no. 19: 348. 1943.
Plant about 38 cm. high, from a short decumbent base.
the sheathed base.
Leaves 5 or
6,
Stem leafy except at arcuate-spreading, oblong-lanceolate, con-
FIG.
3, petal;
3.
3.
Habenaria repens Nutt. 1, plant; X 1. Original drawing by Blanche Ames.

35
2, flower,
front view;
2.
36
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
duplicate in the dried specimen, acute or acuminate, up to 9 cm. long and 1.8 cm. Raceme about 11 cm. long, subdensely many- (17-) wide, sheathing below.
Flowers rather large. Dorsal sepal deeply concave, broadly ovate, Lateral sepals reflexed, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, acute, about 10 mm. long. acuminate, a little longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals bifid; posterior lobe lightly falcate, triangular-lanceolate; anterior lobe much smaller, uncinate,
flowered.
triangular-linear.
linear,
Lip
trifid, fleshy,
about 12.5
mm.
long; lateral lobes narrowly
spreading; mid-lobe much longer and broader, oblong-linear. Spur very slenderly cylindric, about 2 cm. long, subequaling the plurisulcate
more or
less
ovary.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, between Tuncapata and Puyupata, 2900-3600 meters, on open grassy slope, Vargas 2705.
CHLORAEA
Lindl.
Terrestrial plants mostly confined to Chile and reaching a northern limit in Peru and Bolivia. Stems simple, leafy or leafy-bracted. Leaves membranaceous, often withering and destroyed in the course of development. Flowers in terminal spikes or rarely solitary, medium-sized or large. Sepals and petals free. Lateral
late,
sepals simple, not pinnate nor pectinate at the apex as in Bipinnula. not sessile and biglandulose at the base as in Asarca.
Lip unguicu-
Al. A2.
la.
Disc of the
in
lip
mostly covered by a dense mass of

3-lobed
fine papillae
arranged
I
crowded
lines; lip distinctly

iip
C. densipapillosa
Disc of the
not covered by a dense mass of fine papillae
Ib.
Flowers green or green and white; sepals about 2 cm. or less long; disc of the lip with numerous, usually clavate, papillae C. reticulata Flowers pale yellow or yellow veined with green; sepals 2.5 cm. or more
long
1
la.
Ib.
Lip subsimple or obscurely 3-lobed, disc with a few, broken keels or C. peruviana falcate, complanate teeth Lip sharply 3-lobed, disc with numerous, verrucose, separated lines or
ridges
C. multilineolata
Chloraea densipapillosa C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

Univ. 9: 55,
fig.,
Leafl.
Harvard
1941.
Figure
4.
Plant robust, up to about 54 cm. tall. Stem stout, terete, leafy, entirely or mostly concealed by the leaf-sheaths, about 1 cm. in diameter at the base. Leaves numerous, ovate, elliptic-ovate or lanceolate-elliptic, amplexi caul below, extended at the base into a closely clasping sheath; lamina up to about 9.4 cm. long and 4.7 cm. wide (often much smaller toward the base of the plant), gradually diminishing above into strict, foliaceous sheaths, acute or acuminate, membranaceous in the dried specimen. Inflorescence loose to rather dense, about 19-flowered or less, up to about 21.5 cm. long and 10 cm. in diameter in the dried specimen. Flowers medium-sized for the genus, membranaceous in the dried specimen; Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, perianth segments closely reticulate veined. acute, up to 2.63 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide below the middle, with 7 main nerves.
37
Lateral sepals similar but a little larger, oblique, acuminate, with 6 to 8 prominent nerves near the base. Petals oval, slightly oblique, broadly obtuse or rounded at the apex, shorter than the dorsal sepal, with 7 prominent nerves. Lip clawed,
distinctly 3-lobed just
below the middle, cuneate at the base; claw short and
long, fleshy below, membranaceous above, slightly dilated and gradually passing into the lamina; lamina ovate-oblong in outline, up to about 2.1 cm. long and 1.1 cm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes small, semi-
broad, about 5.6
mm.
obovate, with a rounded apex and irregular, thickened margins; mid-lobe ovate
FIG. 4. Schweinf.
Chloraea densipapillosa C.
Lip,
2.
FIG. 5. Chloraea multilineolata C. Schweinf. Lip, X 2.
or oblong-ovate,
larly
up to about 1.2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide near the middle, irregulobulate-apiculate, with irregularly crenulate and papillose-thickened margins; the basal and central part of the disc entirely covered by a dense mass of about 10 lines of crowded, fleshy, pustulose ridges of which the outer one or two
on each side spread onto the lateral lobes; in front the lines of papillae more separated and diminishing into indistinct papillae near the apex; under surface of the disc near the apex slightly pustulose. Column more or less broadly winged
on each side, arcuate, dilated above, basal surface deeply concave.
up
to
about
1.3
cm. long, with the anterior
Apurimac: Prov.
of
Abancay, on
hillsides
near Tuncapata, 2700
meters, Vargas 754 (type in Gray Herb. no. 7442; fragment of type in Herb. Ames no. 55411). Prov. of Abancay, upper Marino Valley,
3000 meters, on gravelly soil in open shrubland, Stork, Horton and Vargas 10636. Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, environs of Urubamba, 2880 meters, on rocky slopes, Vargas 11086.
Chloraea multilineolata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 9: 57, fig., 1941. Figure 5.
38
30
Plant stout, lightly flexuous, leafy, exceeding 30 cm. in height (lowermost portion lacking and upper part of raceme broken and imperfect in our specimen). Leaves ovate, with sheathing base, gradually diminishing into sheaths above; lamina membranaceous, up to 6.5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, subacute to shortRaceme about 11-flowered, loose. Flowers large, pale acuminate, spreading. yellow, with spreading, membranaceous segments which are lightly retinerved.
Dorsal sepal broadly lanceolate, acute, about 2.8 cm. long and 1.25 cm. wide, with 3 longitudinal nerves. Lateral sepals narrowly oblong-lanceolate, oblique, acute, 4-nerved, slightly longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblong-oval,
rounded above with a retuse tip, slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal, 7-nerved, adnate to the base of the column. Lip broadly ovate in outline, deeply 3-lobed, very shortly and broadly clawed, about 2.3 cm. long and 1.94 cm. wide across the lateral lobes when expanded; lateral lobes semiobcordate with rounded apex, about 1.15 cm. long; mid-lobe suborbicular-ovate, rounded at the apex, with undulate, irregularly papillose margins, about 1.4 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide; disc subcordate at the base, provided with about 13 approximate, verrucose ridges of which the lateral ones on each side are sometimes broken into irregular series of warts. Column slender, about 1.9 cm. long, abruptly dilated at the apex, narrowly winged on each side with the wing lightly dilated below and forming a concave
base.
Apurimac: Prov. of Grau, Trapiche Canyon, Oropeza Valley, 2500-2800 meters, in stony, clay soil, Vargas 9793 (type in Herb.
Field
Museum
1051164).
Chloraea peruviana Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 528. 1906.

Plant about 40-58 cm. high. Stem stout, very leafy. Leaves oval, ovateoblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, approximate or imbricating in the lower portion, about 7.5-14.5 cm. long and 3-5.6 cm. wide, diminishing into sheaths above. Spike loose, up to 10-flowered, with the rachis about 20 cm. long. Flowers rather large, yellow with green veins. Dorsal sepal "ovate" to ellipticlanceolate, acute, about 2.5-3 cm. long and 1.1 cm. wide. Lateral sepals oblonglanceolate, slightly oblique, about as long as the dorsal sepal and a little wider. Petals shorter than the sepals, obliquely "oblong" or oblong-elliptic, obtuse. Lip shortly and narrowly clawed; lamina "ovate" or ovate-oblong, subsimple or obscurely 3-lobed below the middle, obtuse, 2-2.5 cm. long, about 1.4 cm. wide below; disc through the central part with a few, short, broken keels or flattened falcate teeth. Column relatively small, slender, arcuate, dilated at the apex, about 1.3 cm. long at the back.
Lima: Amancaes Mountains, near Lima, 500 meters, in the Loma Formation, Weberbauer s.n. (type). Matucana, about 2460 meters, in the moister swales of eastern hillsides, flowers yellow, Macbride and Featherstone 372 (this collection is somewhat larger than the type, both vegetatively and florally).
Chloraea reticulata
Schltr.
Fedde Repert.
fig.
15:
210.
1918;
Hauman, Anal.
Soc. Cient. Argent. 90: 108,
9a. 1921.
39
Plant stout, very variable, up to over 84 cm. tall (in Peru). Stem stout, Leaves oval, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, leafy except at the sheathed base. obtuse to acute, clasping below, imbricated to subremote, commonly 6-7 larger
up to 19 cm. long and 6 cm. wide. Racemes loose, 4- to over 20-flowered. Flowers medium-sized, beautifully reticulated, commonly green and white. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, rounded to subacute at the apex, 1.4-2 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar but more narrowed above, acute to obtuse, oblique. Petals shorter and broader than the sepals, Lip shortly oblong-elliptic to oval, broadly rounded to obtuse at the apex. clawed; lamina from a cuneate base, pandurate-trilobed, 1.3-1.5 cm. long, 7-10
blades,
mm.
wide across the basal dilation; lateral lobes more or less distinct, short, semiobovate; mid-lobe oblong-ovate to suborbicular, much thickened toward the margins, rounded or retuse; disc thickly adorned with clavate or pyriform papillae which are less numerous and more rounded or absent on the mid-lobe. Column slender, arcuate, dilated at the apex, about 1.3 cm. long at the back.
Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, below Lares, 2900-3000 meters, in "shrubwood," Weberbauer 7900. Prov. of Calca, Hda. Paucartica, "Valle de Paucar3300 meters, on rocky slopes, Vargas 6078. tambo," 3400 meters, Herrera 2338a. Urubamba, Soukup 221. Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, between Juro and Ackopampa Bridge, 2900-3520 meters, on rocky slopes, Vargas 6862. Also Bolivia and
Argentina (type).
This variable species, heretofore recorded only from northwestern Argentina, occurs in the Department of Cuzco, Peru, about 850 miles northwest of its formerly known stations. It appears to vary extensively in its vegetative height (about 26-96 cm.), in the intervals, proportions, and size of the leaves, in the number of flowers, in the short or elongate inflorescence, in the size and proportions of the sepals and petals, in the termination of the sepals and petals, in the proportions of the mid-lobe, and in the occurrence and precise form of the papillae on the disc of the lip. In particular, the Peruvian form
is characterized by having the sepals and petals usually rounded (not subacute to obtuse) at the apex, and in the disc of the mid-lobe of the lip having rather numerous papillae.
POGONIA
Juss. (including Cleistes Lindl.)
Terrestrial, erect plants, varying from small and delicate to large and robust Those of Peru suggest the species, native of temperate to tropical regions. liliaceous genus Uvularia L. Roots fleshy, tuberous, or fibrous. Stems mostly
simple and leaf-bearing, rarely branched and provided only with bracts.
Leaves one to several, sessile, clasping. Flowers solitary to several, terminal, or terminal and axillary, mostly large and showy in tropical species. Sepals free, narrow, subequal, subparallel. Petals commonly shorter and broader than the sepals.
Lip
free, spurless, sessile or
contracted into a claw, simple or 3-lobed, mostly
40
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
tubular-concave in natural position; disc usually provided with callose, often tuberculate, lines or bands. Column more or less elongate; pollinia 2, one in each cell of the anther, granulose.
Al.
A2.
Lip simple, oblong-elliptic or elliptic-obovate when expanded .. P. rosea Lip sharply 3-lobed near the apex, elliptic-ovate or ovate-oblong when P. Vargasii expanded
Pogonia rosea
Martius
(Lindl.) Reichb.
f.
Xen. Orch.
f.
2: 89. 1865;
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 128. 1893.
Cleistes rosea Lindl.
Cogn. Gen. &

2: 89.
Sp. Orch. 410. 1840. 1865.
Pogonia Moritzii Reichb.

tall,
Xen. Orch.
Plant large and stout, about 45-150 cm.

distant,
glaucous.
Leaves few to several,
more or less erect, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, clasping below, up to 12 cm. long and 3 cm. wide. Flowers 1 to 3, very loose, rose or purple (rarely white), nodding, large and showy, subtended by a large foliaceous bract. Sepals similar, linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 4.5-7 cm. long, up to 12 mm. wide, the lateral ones lightly oblique. Petals shorter and broader, oblanceolate or obovate-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate.
Lip in natural
position tubular-involute, simple, when expanded oblong-elliptic to obovateelliptic ("oblong or ligulate-obovate"), more or less acute, 4.5-7 cm. long, up to 2.6 cm. wide; disc with a broad, central, median keel or band which is sulcate
of
below and divided above into 5 or 6 serrulate or papillose ridges, and with a pair obovoid to clavate glands at the base.
Museum
Cuzco: Habitat not recorded, 9'00 meters, Bues s.n. (Herb. Field 660000; the single flower of this collection is so imperfect
is
that certainty of identification

325.
Huanuco and Pampayaco (Pampayacu),
Huanuco: Between impossible). eastern Andes, Kanehira
Cogniaux (in Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 129. 1893) cites Peru, 1300-2700 meters, Warscewicz. Also Panama, Colombia, Venezuela,
Trinidad, and British Guiana (type of Cleistes rosea).
Pogonia Vargasii C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

15: 1,
69 cm.
t. 1.
Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
1951.
Figure
6.
less slender, about 77 cm. or less tall. Stem up to about with 2 to 4 remote leaves above. Leaves strict, oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, clasping at the sessile base, up to 10 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide (the uppermost blade). Flowers 1 to 3 (commonly 2), rather small for the genus, pink, up to 5 cm. apart, subtended by a strict bract similar to the leaves but shorter and often broader. Dorsal sepal lanceolateoblong, acute, 3.6 cm. long, about 8 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar but a
Plant
strict,
more or
tall,
smaller, narrowly elliptic-oblong or lanceolate-oblong, lightly oblique. Petals slightly shorter than the sepals but distinctly broader, oblong-elliptic to narrowly obovate-oblong, subacute. Lip tubular-involute in natural position, elliptic-ovate or oblong-ovate in outline when expanded, sharply 3-lobed near the
little
apex, about 3.3 cm. long,
up
to 1.6 cm. wide; lateral lobes long, terminating in
POGONIA
araasn
FIG. 6.
5,
Pogonia Vargasii C. Schweinf.
1,
plants;
side, natural position;
petal;
X
1.
view;
expanded; X %. 7, column with anther, three-quarters Drawn by Dorothy H. Marsh.

6, lip,
3, lateral sepal;
X M-
M- 2, flower 4, dorsal sepal;
from
41
42
30
a short, spreading, triangular, subacute apex; mid-lobe relatively small, suborbicular-obovate, rounded or retuse at the apex; disc with a broad, central, fleshy band which is more or less papillose above, and with a pair of minute glands at the base.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Sahuayaco-Cascarillayocc, 1700 meters, on grassy slopes, Vargas 6306 (type). Prov. of Urubamba, Tuncapata, Sta. Rita, on open grassy slopes, 2500 meters, Vargas 2686. Puno: Prov. of Sandia, Sto. Domingo area, 1550 meters, flowers rose-red tinged with blue (buds), McCarroll 102.
VANILLA
Sw.
Long, climbing and generally stout plants, leafless or more frequently leafy, with stems and branches emitting adventitious roots. Leaves remote, linear or broadly elliptic, sessile or shortly petioled, generally coriaceous or fleshy. Racemes generally axillary, short, sessile or peduncled. Flowers large and showy; perianth campanulate. Sepals free, subequal, narrow. Petals more or less similar. Lip larger than the sepals and petals, with the lower sides adnate to the column.
Al. A2.
la.
Leaves obovate or broadly elliptic, rounded at the apex with a short, broad hook or recurved apicule V. hamata 2 Leaves
linear, oblong, ovate-oblong or Leaf-blades linear to oblong Leaf-blades broadly oblong to elliptic
elliptic,
narrowed at the
tip
I
1
Ib.
la.
Leaves narrowly oblong or elliptic-oblong, mature blades 2.8 cm. or more wide V. Ruiziana 2
Ib. 2a.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 2.3 cm. or
less
wide
V. odorata 2
Lip distinctly 3-lobed; mid-lobe obtuse; disc apparently naked. V. Weberbaueriana
2b.
Lip subentire or obscurely 3-lobed, retuse to bilobed at the apex; disc with a crest of retrorse appendages V. pompona
Vanilla
hamata
Kl. Bot. Zeit. 4: 563. 1846; Rolfe, Journ. Linn.
Soc. 32: 462. 1896.
Stem stout, flexuous, with the internodes 10 cm. or more long. Leaves broadly obovate or round-elliptic, rounded at the apex with an abrupt, broad, recurved apicule, slightly narrowed at the base, about 15-18 cm. long and 9 cm. wide, very short-petioled. Racemes short, 9- or more-flowered. Sepals and petals
1 Two species which are natives of British Guiana, V. appendiculaia Rolfe and V. bicolor Lindl., appear doubtfully to be represented by recent collections from northeastern Peru (Dept. Loreto), but their imperfect lips make identity uncertain. Accordingly, they are not included in this flora.
1 V. hamata Kl., V. Ruiziana Kl., and V. odorata Presl were originally described from flowerless material; some of the sterile Peruvian collections here referred to V. odorata appear, in respect to relative proportions, to approach
V. Ruiziana.
43
oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse, about 7.6 cm. long. Lip subentire, crisped-undulate, obtuse, about 5 cm. long; disc with 3 nerves crenulate-keeled above, and with
a crest of fringed appendages.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, in open woods, Ruiz

(in British Museum). Beih. 9: 121. 1921.
I
Huanuco,
fide
Schlechter,
& Pavdn s.n. Fedde Repert.
have examined records of the type of
this concept.
Vanilla odorata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 101. 1827; Ames, Sched.

Orch. 9:
1, t.,
1925.
Stem rather slender, distantly leaved. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate with a reflexed tip, coriaceous and fleshy, very shortly petioled, up to 22 cm. long (often much shorter) and 2.3 cm. wide. Racemes very short, densely several-flowered. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate, about 5.2 cm. long and 1.1 cm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, but a little shorter and broader. Petals subequal to the sepals, narrowly lanceolate, obtuse. Lip 4.5 cm. long, adnate to the column about to the middle; free portion obovate-flabellate, about 2.1 cm. long, lightly tricarinate with the keels giving rise above to several retrorse, papilliform emergences, coarsely fimbriate on the anterior margins; disc with a multilamellate crest beneath the column. Capsules sessile, linear-cylindric, attenuate at the base and apex.
The following Peruvian collections are sterile (as was the type), and the leaves are often 10 cm. or less in length; but their identification appears to be reasonably certain.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, lower Rio Huallaga, about 135 meters, in dense forest, Killip Smith 29065. Same locality, 155-210 meters, on edge of forest, Williams 4539. Leticia, on the Amazon River, Williams 3161. San Martin: Alto Rio Huallaga, Tarapoto, 360-900 meters, on edge of forest, Williams 6272. Also Bolivia, Ecuador,
&
and Costa Rica.

Vanilla
1896.
pompona
Schiede, Linnaea 4: 573. 1829; Cogn.
Mar-
tius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 147. 1893; Rolfe, Journ. Linn. Soc. 32: 465.
V. grandiflora Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 435. 1840. V. guianenAnn. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, 15: 279. 1841, in part. V. surinamensis Splitg. ex Reichb. f. Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 321. 1858, in part. V. lutescens Moq.-Tand. ex Dupuis, Rev. Hort. ser. 4, 5: 121, fig. 24. 1856; Lem. Fl. des Serres 21: 115, t. 2218-19. 1875.
sis Splitg.
Stem stout. Leaves broadly oblong, oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, very thick and coriaceous, acute, more or less abruptly contracted and subcordate at the base, very shortly petioled; blade up to about 30 cm. long and 11.5 cm. wide.
Racemes commonly
short, rarely
rather crowded flowers.
up to 18.5 cm. long, with a stout rachis and Flowers large, greenish yellow or white (sepals and petals
44
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
greenish yellow, lip white or orange-yellow). Sepals oblanceolate, very obtuse, 7-9.5 cm. long, 12-16 mm. wide. Petals similar to the sepals, but a little smaller, Lip subequaling or slightly exdistinctly wing-carinate on the dorsal surface.
ceeding the other perianth segments, adnate to the column about to its middle, subentire or obscurely trilobed, retuse and apiculate, undulate and crenulate on
the margins; disc smooth except for a crest of retrorse, cuneate, imbricated appendages beneath the upper part of the column. Capsules thick-cylindric,
trigonous.
Loreto: Upper Rio Itaya, San Antonio, Williams 3399. San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, about 1100 meters, in mountain forest, "fls. white," Klug 3685. Also Mexico to Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, British Guiana, French Guiana, Dutch
Guiana (Surinam),
Brazil,
?Ecuador and Bolivia.

Zeit. 4: 563.
Vanilla Ruiziana Kl. Bot.

Linn. Soc. 32: 470. 1896.
1846; Rolfe, Journ.
Plant described and known only from a sterile specimen. Stem stout, with internodes up to 12.7 cm. long. Leaves lanceolate-oblong or narrowly ellipticoblong, acute or acuminate, cuneate-narrowed at the base, shortly petioled; blade
up
to 19.5 cm. long
and
3.8
cm. wide.
(type).
I
Peru: Habitat not recorded, in open woods, Ruiz Pavdn s.n. Huanuco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 121. 1921.
&
have examined records of the type of
this species.
Vanilla Weberbaueriana Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 395.

1906.
Stem apparently
cm. long.
slender, long, flexuous, angled, leafy, with internodes 7-8
abruptly acute, very shortly petioled, thinly coriaceous, 15-18 cm. long, 5-6.3 cm. wide. Racemes short, axillary, rather Floral description from a bud. Sepals ligulate, laxly flowered, 5-6 cm. long.
obtuse, apiculate, granulose on the outer surface. Petals oblong, obtuse, thinner than the sepals, with a median fleshy line or keel. Lip trilobed, adnate to the
Leaves
elliptic or oblong-elliptic,
lower third of the column; lateral lobes small, oblong, rounded; mid-lobe ovateoblong, obtuse; disc beautifully reticulated.
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, near

I
La Merced
in the
Chanchamayo
Valley, 1000 meters, in woods, Weberbauer 1849.
have seen a photograph of the type of
this species.
EPISTEPHIUM HBK.
Terrestrials of the American tropics. Plants tall, simple or branching, sometimes climbing, very glabrous. Leaves numerous, sessile or amplexicaul (rarely short-petioled), ovate to oblong or elliptic-oblong (rarely suborbicular), commonly
45
prominently reticulate-veined, shining and blackened in drying. Flowers large and showy, solitary or in loose terminal racemes, and sometimes axillary also. Perianth rising from a small, dentate cup at the summit of the ovary. Sepals free, subequal, narrow. Petals rather similar to the sepals but commonly broader. Lip
broadly obovate, simple or obscurely 3-lobed, with the basal part more or less adnate to the column. Column elongate, semiterete, shortly dilated above. Anther affixed to the posterior lobe of the clinandrium, incumbent, distinctly 2-celled, with 2 powdery-granular pollinia in each cell.
The treatment of this genus is seriously limited by the lack of adequate herbarium material and especially by the lack of fresh
flowers.
Al.
A2.
la.
Leaves very membranaceous, without conspicuous nerves; flower solitary. E. monanthum Leaves subcoriaceous or coriaceous, with conspicuous nerves and reticulations; flowers several to
numerous
Petals narrower than the lateral sepals; column free from the margins of E. amplexicaule the lip except at the very base Petals broader than the sepals; to above the middle
Ib.
column adnate
to the margins of the lip

1
la.
Flowers large, sepals nearly 6 cm. long; raceme elongate, many-flowered; central, apical portion of the lip adorned with a band of retrorse appenE. Duckei (E. macrophyllum) dages
Ib.
Flowers relatively small, sepals about 4 cm. long; raceme few- (commonly 8- to 15-) flowered; central, apical portion of the lip adorned with a band of carunculate keels E. amabile
Epistephium amabile
Schltr.
t.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

142, nr. 556. 1929.
9: 42. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57:

Veget. Erde 12: 289. 1911.
Epistephium
in
datum HBK. sensu Kranzl. Weberb. Pflanzenw. Peru. Andes
Plant robust, up to 16.7 dm. tall. Leaves ovate to elliptic-oblong or oblonglanceolate, acute or acuminate, amplexicaul at the base, up to 20 cm. long and 7 cm. wide. Raceme laxly 8- to about 22-flowered, 28 cm. or less tall. Flowers
Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong, acute or subacuminate, 4-4.5 cm. long cm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, lightly oblique. Petals obovate to elliptic, oblique, obtuse, much broader than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column from the base to about the lower half of the latter; free portion quadrate-ovate, very obscurely 3-lobed, bilobed in front, about 2.3-3.5 cm. long; disc adorned through the apical central part with 3 carunculate keels (the central one sometimes elevated) and below with retrorse, lacerate appendages.
purple.
and
1.4
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 Smith meters, in open woods, "buds deep yellow-green," Killip 23183. Same locality, in thickets, "segments deep magenta; lip
&
white at center without/' Killip
&
Smith 22560.
Junin: Pichis
46
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
Enenas, 1700 meters, in open sphagnum swamp, "perianth segments royal purple, 3 outer segments reddish-purple without," Loreto: On mountains north of MoyobamKillip & Smith 25672. 1000-1100 meters, in open savanna woods, Weberbauer 4615 ba, San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 me(type).
Trail,
mountain forest, "fls. purple- violet," King 3550. Villcabamba: Hacienda on Rio Chinchao, about 1800 meters, on sparsely shrubby slope. Herb "5 ft. high. Fls. dark purple-red, the fringed band and lip within, white," Macbride 5009. (This determination is questionable, as only imperfect buds are present.)
ters, in
& Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 137. 1893. 1836; Cogn. Sobralia amplexicaulis Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1:233. 1798.
Epistephium amplexicaule Poepp.
1: 52, t. 91.
Stem 9-21 dm. high, few-branched below. Leaves ovate-oblong or triangularoblong, acute or short-acuminate, cordate and amplexicaul at the base, up to 27 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, shining. Raceme loosely 8- to 12-flowered. Flowers
very showy, crimson, more than 5 cm. long. Dorsal sepal oblong, acute, 5-6 cm. Lateral sepals obovate or obovate-oblong, obtuse, long, about 1 cm. wide. Petals obovateshorter and broader than the dorsal sepal, membranaceous. oblong, subacute, narrower than the lateral sepals. Lip free from the column or nearly so, broadly obovate or subrotund, emarginate, undulate, shortly lacerate and ciliolate on the margin, about 4-4.5 cm. long; disc through the longitudinal center with a bearded crest of subulate appendages extending from the base
nearly to the apex and in front of this crest a cluster of numerous folds. furnished with 3 pairs of wings near the apex.
Column
Toward Chihuamecala,
Eastern Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1893. Huanuco: in the vicinity of Cuchero (Cochero) in
thickets,
warm
Poeppig 1601 (type).
Also Colombia, and Bolivia,
fide Schlechter.
Epistephium Duckei Huber,

1913.
Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, Para
7: 287.
Epistephium macrophyllum Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 42. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 142, nr. 557. 1929. Epistephium elatum HBK. sensu Kranzl. Weberb. Pflanzenw. Peru. Andes in Veget. Erde 12: 280. 1911 (non HBK.).
Plant robust, surely over 1 meter tall. Stem stout, sparingly branched. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, amplexicaul, Raceme elongate, shining, median blades 20-27 cm. long, up to 6.8 cm. wide. laxly many- (about 20- to 25-) flowered, 30 cm. or more long at maturity. Flowers
showy, pink or purple. Sepals oblanceolate-oblong, more or less acute, nearly 6 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide. Petals narrowly obovate ("obliquely elliplarge,

tic"),
47
markedly broader than the sepals. Lip adnate to the lower half of the column; free portion quadrate-ovate and very obscurely 3-lobed, bilobed at the apex, crenulate-dentate on the undulate margins, about 3.5 cm. long and broad; disc commonly with a central, longitudinal band of dense, retrorse, hair-like appendages continued below (toward the base) by 3 parallel thickened lines.
Cuzco: Near St. Ana, above Hacienda Jelma, 1700-1800 meters, on grass steppe, Weberbauer 5003 (type). Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Chinchao, about 2400 meters, in open rocky and grassy area, Hodge 6274. Between Carpish and Chinchao, Ferreyra 1816. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1293. Probably also Venezuela and Bolivia.
Epistephium
1:
monanthum
53,
t.
92. 1836;
Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 143. 1893. Cogn.
Pogonia monantha Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 121. 1921.

Stem 6-7 dm. tall, simple, slender, remotely leafy. Leaves oblong or ovatemore or less acute, amplexicaul below, 8-12 cm. long, up to 4.5 cm. wide, very membranaceous, glaucous. Flower solitary, terminal, large. Sepals oblong
oblong,
mm.
or linear-oblong, acute, slightly narrowed toward the base, 4.5-5 cm. long, 8-10 wide, yellowish-lilac, the lateral ones the shorter. Petals oblong, similar to
the sepals but slightly broader, white with rich violet at the apex. Lip a little longer than the lateral sepals, with the basal margins adnate to the column,
when forcibly expanded elliptic-obovate or obovateoblong, simple, about 5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, obtuse or slightly retuse; disc with 2 approximate, entire keels, not bearded. Column bialate above.
convolute about the column,
Huanuco: Between Cuchero (Cochero) and Chihuamecala, in dry grassy thickets, Poeppig 1601B. That this species appears to be a true Epistephium is shown (in the illustration) by the presence of a dentate cup at the summit of
the ovary.
ELLEANTHUS
Presl (Evelyna Poepp.
&
Endl.)
Terrestrials or epiphytes, with simple or branched stems (often very tall) which are commonly caespitose and distichously leafy, at least above. Leaves
linear to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, sessile, plicate,
more
or less coriaceous.
In-
florescences terminal, densely to very loosely flowered, capitate to elongateFloral bracts surpassing the flowers or shorter. Sepals commonly free spicate.
and subequal, concave. Petals usually much narrower and thinner. Lip simple, often pandurate or somewhat 3-lobed, entire or usually dentate to ciliate on the anterior margins, concave at the base where usually with one or two large calli; disc often with a transverse keel. Column erect, footless, often thickened-dilated
below the stigmatic
Al.
A2.
orifice;
anther opercular, incumbent, 2-celled.
Pollinia 8.
Leaves narrowly linear, grass-like Leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong or
E. linifolius
elliptic
I
48
la.
30
papillose
Ib.
la.
Petals lunate; floral bracts rose-colored; rachis very densely muriculateE. rhodolepis
1
Petals not lunate, at most slightly curved Stem branched, usually much so
Ib.
Stem
2a.
2b.
3a.
3b.
4a.
flowered; lip not oblong Lip with a transverse keel in front of the basal calli Lip without a transverse keel in front of the basal a transverse thickening
Raceme distantly flowered; Raceme sublaxly to densely
simple, unbranched (very rarely with a single branch) lip oblong, acute, subtrilobed.
9
.
.
.E. virgatus
4
calli,
but often with

5
4b.
5a.
Petals cuneate-obovate, emarginate; lip merely crenate Petals ligulate, obtuse; lip fimbriate; flowers red
E. kermesinus E. bractescens E. flavescens

6
5b.
6a.
6b.
7a.
Margins of the lip entire Margins of the lip dentate to fimbriate Lip rhombic, apparently subacute Lip oval to subrotund, rounded to emarginate at the apex
Pair of fleshy
calli
E. Hallii
7
7b.
8a.
at the base of the lip. E. aurantiacus (E. cajamarcae, E. galipanensis, E. pallidiflavus) 8 Pair of fleshy calli about J^ part above the base of the lip
8b.
Leaves 7-10 mm. wide; anterior portion of the lip suborbicular; stems E. bambusaceus much branched Leaves 13-17 mm. wide; anterior portion of the lip broadly obcordate and E. gastroglottis 1 retuse; stems subsimple
Lip oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, depressed at the base and E. Myrosmatis apparently ecallose 10 Lip not oblong-lanceolate, bearing 1 or 2 distinct calli
Floral bracts
9a.
9b.
lOa.
much
surpassing the flowers
11
flowers; lip not
lOb.
lla.
Floral bracts subequaling or
somewhat surpassing the
lib.
12a.
13 pandurate Lip with a pair of transverse keels in front of the basal calli. E. longibracteatus Lip without a pair of transverse keels above, lamina more or less pandurate when expanded 12
12b.
13a.
cm. or more wide, apparently not rigid or E. lupulinus Leaves linear-lanceolate, about 1.5 cm. or less wide, very rigid and plicate in the dried specimen; lip apiculate E. ensatus Leaves
lanceolate-elliptic, 3
strongly plicate; lip retuse
Inflorescence abbreviated, capitate, densely flowered, about equally long
and broad
13b.
14a.
14
17
Inflorescence racemose, longer than broad
Lip entire on the margin, not retuse
E. cephalophorus
14b.
15a.
15b.
15 Lip crenulate to fimbriate above, commonly retuse Lamina of the lip pandurate, with a short isthmus above the middle; basal calli narrow, pyriform-cylindric E. porphyrocephalus Lamina of the lip not pandurate, without a distinct isthmus near the middle 16
Perhaps, with more collections available, this concept will be found referable
to E. bambusaceus.

16a.
49
Floral bracts scurfy with muriculate papillae;
column without a prominent,

E. casapensis
anterior protuberance
16b.
Floral bracts glabrous;
column with a prominent, anterior protuberance.

flowered
17a.
17b.
18a.
Raceme sublax, or distantly Raceme densely flowered

flowered
E. capitatus 18 20
Mature raceme elongate (about
8 cm. or
more
less
long),
many-
(20- or more-)
E. oligantha
long),
18b.
19a.
Mature raceme short (about 4 cm. or

flowered
few- (10- or
less-)
19
Inflorescence subtended by a single leaf-like bract; petals broader above the middle than at the base E. furfuraceus
Inflorescence subtended by 2 semi-foliaceous bracts; petals not broader E. gastroglottis 1 near the apex than at the base Leaves (except the uppermost) broad (5 cm. or more wide), elliptic to 21 broadly lanceolate 25 Leaves relatively narrow (commonly 4.3 cm. or less broad)
19b. 20a.
20b.
21a.
21b.
22a.
Lip not provided with a transverse membrane Lip with a transverse membrane near the base Base of the lip with a single, depressed callus
22 23 E. robustus E.
strobilifer
22b.
23a.
Base
of the lip with a pair of
approximate
calli
Petals abruptly dilated and denticulate near the apex; lip bicallose at the base E. Ruizii* Petals not markedly dilated or denticulate above
23b.
24a.
24
lateral sepals
Base of the
carinate
lip
with 2 large, approximate
calli;
deeply
24b.
25a.
25b.
26a.
E. hymenophorus Base of the lip with a single 4-lobulate callus; lateral sepals chiefly carinate above E. igneus Base of the lip provided with a single callus. E. conifer (E. conchochilus, E. Weberbauerianus) Base of the lip provided with 2 calli 26 27 Lip not markedly constricted on each side in the middle or above .29 Lip conspicuously constricted on each side in the middle or above. Base of the lip with a pair of long, narrow, connate calli; ovary furfuraceous E. laxifoliatus
.
26b.
27a.
27b.
28a.
Base of the
28b.
29a.
with a pair of ellipsoid or ovoid, separate calli 28 rhombic-obovate or rhombic-orbicular, not retuse; basal calli approximate and minute E. Bonplandii Lamina of the lip not rhombic, lightly retuse; basal calli widely separated, E. aureus conspicuous 30 Ovary papillose or muricate
lip
Lamina
of the lip
29b.
30a.
Ovary glabrous
Leaves 8 cm. or
less long; apical lobe of
31
the lip relatively large, exceeding E. amethystinus
the lower portion; flowers violet

1
E.
gastroglottis is said to
flowers,
but the
lip is
have the floral bracts about twice surpassing the not pandurate when expanded.
is
2 E. Ruizii sometimes has an abbreviated raceme, but group by having a transverse membrane on the lip.
distinct
from that
50
30b.
31a.
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
31b.
Leaves about 13 cm. or more long; apical lobe of the lip small, much narrower than the lower portion; flowers bright yellow. .E. xanthocomos Lateral sepals free; petals similar to the sepals but a little narrower; plant E. Koehleri about 15 cm. high Lateral sepals connate up to the middle; petals much narrower than the E. Carolii sepals; plant 30 cm. or more high
Elleanthus amethystinus (Reichb. f. & Warsc.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 479. 1862. Evelyna amethystina Reichb. f. & Warsc.
Bonpl. 2: 113. 1854.
Stems simple, rigid. Leaves lanceolate, subcoriaceous, acute or acuminate, mucronate, the upper ones (which alone remain) 5-8 cm. long, 0.8-1.3 cm. wide. Inflorescence short, arcuate-nodding, closely many-flowered, with a densely muricate rachis. Floral bracts oblong-ovate, acuminate, equaling the flowers. Ovary muriculate. Perianth violet, small. Dorsal sepal oblong, apiculate.
Lateral sepals subequal, ovate-oblong, apiculate. Petals ligulate or linear-oblong, acute. Lip abruptly constricted near the middle; basal half relatively narrow,
with a pair of very large, separated, reniform calli; anterior part much broader than the basal part, transversely oval or ovate-reniform, crenulate, lightly retuse at the rounded apex. Column angled on each side, keeled in front.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Colombia.
Warscewicz
s.n.
(type).
Also
This diagnosis was drawn from Reichenbach's description and from copies of his drawings in his herbarium in Vienna.
Elleanthus aurantiacus
1863.
(Lindl.) Reichb.
f.
Walp. Ann.
6: 482.
Evelyna aurantiaca Lindl. Benth. PI. Hartweg. 149. 1844. Elleanthus galipanensis Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 6: 28. 1919; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 2, nr. 5. 1929. Elleanthus caja-
marcae Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 44. 1921; Mansf. Fedde

Repert. Beih. 57:
Schltr.
t.
Fedde Repert. Beih.
102, nr. 400. 1929. Elleanthus pallidiflavus 9: 48. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih.
57:
t.
104, nr. 406. 1929 (asE. pallidiflorus).
Plant up to 1 meter high. Stems much branched, rigid (with the branches sometimes arcuate), leafy. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, up to 12.2 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide (very variable in size), coriaceous. Inflorescence commonly short (very rarely up to 8.5 cm. long), at first dense but rather laxly flowered in course of development, few- to many-flowered. Floral bracts varying from
slightly shorter than, to surpassing, the flowers, ovate, spreading, concave, acute to acuminate. Ovary muriculate. Perianth yellow to orange or red, small.
Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong (rarely oval), concave, acute, 6-8
mm.
long.
Lateral
sepals subequally large, obliquely oblong-ovate (rarely ovate), dorsally keeled near the apex, mucronate. Petals oblong to elliptic-oblong, sometimes broader above the middle, obtuse (rarely acute). Lip surpassing the sepals, suborbicular-
obovate, about 5.5-10
mm.
long, deeply concave at the base with a pair of ap-
51
proximate, semiglobose calli, erose-fimbriate above the middle, slightly retuse; disc rather fleshy in the middle. Column angular-protuberant in front at or near
the middle.
Apurimac: Andahuaylas, Quebrada north of Chincheros, 2800 meters, on cliffs and clay banks, Stork & Horton 10768 (variant with Ayacucho: Prov. of apically broader petals and shorter column). Choimacota Valley, 2800 meters, "evergreen bush-wood, Huanta, shrub 1 m. high," flowers pale yellow, Weberbauer 7560. Cajamarca: Prov. of Cutervo, trail between Socota and Tambillo, 3200 meters,
fl. waxy yellow, tip of lip purple to black," Horton 10166. Prov. of Jaen, eastern slopes of Cordillera above Tabaconas, 2300-2400 meters, Weberbauer 6275 (type of Cuzco: Habitat not recorded, Bues E. cajamarcae Schltr.). (Herrera 2153d), flowers poor. Near Rio Yanamayo, below "Pillahuata," 2000-2300 meters, epiphyte in forest, flowers orange, Pennell 14062. Prov. of Urubamba, "on way to Puyupata-marca," 3200 Huanuco: Between meters, on tree in dense forest, Vargas 2732. Huanuco and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), eastern Andes, Kanehira Prov. of Huanuco, Carpish, about 2800 meters, in thicket, 330. Asplund 12750. Panao, about 2700 meters, on shrubby slope, flowers orange, Macbride 3618. Carpish, between Huanuco and Tingo Maria, 2500-2800 meters, flowers golden, Ferreyra 1753. Several km. west of summit of Carpish, 2800 meters, on clay and Piura: Prov. of Huancashale bank in sun, Stork & Horton 9902. bamba, Cordillera east of Huancabamba, 2700-2800 meters, Weberbauer 6090 (type of E. pallidiflavus Schltr.). Also Venezuela (type of E. galipanensis Schltr.), Colombia, and Ecuador.
"in open clay hillsides,
Stork
&
The thickened portion of the disc of the lip in front of the basal appears in some cases (as in some flowers of Pennell 14062) to be produced into a more or less distinct, transverse keel. In most
calli
flowers a distinct keel
is
entirely absent.
A photograph of Lindley's type of Evelyna aurantiaca supplemented the description, and numerous collections furnished the data
for this diagnosis.
El lean thus aureus (Poepp. Endl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 484. 1863; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 328. 1901. Evelyna aurea Poepp. Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 33, t. 57B, a-g. 1836.
&
&
Stems simple, robust, rigid, up to 6 dm. high, leafless from the base to the middle, distichously leafy above. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, coriaceous, 10-20 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, very rigid. Inflorescence a short, strobiliform raceme, 4-6 cm. long, densely many-flowered. Floral bracts varying
52
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
from broadly oval (at the base of the raceme) to oblong, densely imbricating, obtusely acute, a little shorter than the flowers (in the type). Ovary glabrous. Sepals light purple, lip yellow. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, 9-10 mm. long, the lateral ones oblique. Petals linear or linear-ligulate, acute, about as long as the sepals. Lip triangular-obovate with a broad, truncate-rounded and shallowly retuse apex, 12-13 mm. long, denticulate on the margins, the slightly saccate
base with a pair of widely separated, complanate-ovoid calli. Column with a conspicuous swelling in front in the middle, attenuate at the base and apex.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, MacLean s.n. Near Panahuanca, Mathews 1224. Near Tabina, Lechler 1866. On the rather dry, grassy mountains of eastern Peru and on calcareous cliffs near Cassapi (Casapi), Poeppig
s.n. (type).
No
material of this species was available.

Schltr.
Elleanthus bambusaceus
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
9: 44.
1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57:
102, nr. 399. 1929.
Plant epiphytic, caespitose, about 40 cm. high. Stems much branched, rigid, densely leafy, slender. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, up to 8.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide. Inflorescences oblong-cylindric, erect, subsessile, densely 5- to 9-flowered, up to 3 cm. long. Floral bracts equaling or slightly surpassing the
Perianth purple. 7-9 mm. long. Lateral sepals subequal, oblong-ovate, shortly acuminate, oblique. Petals oblanceolate-ligulate, acute to subobtuse, almost as long as the sepals. Lip oval in outline when expanded, 9-11 mm. long, concave at the base, shortly retuse and apiculate at the apex, irregularly dentate-ciliate on the anterior margins; disc with a pair of widely separated, oblong-reniform calli one third the distance from the
flowers,
erect-spreading,
narrowly lanceolate,
acuminate.
Ovary furfuraceous. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, more or
less acute,
base.
Column apparently
carinate-dilated in front.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, between Pillahuata and Tambomayo, 2000-2800 meters, Vargas 4952.J\min: West of Huacapistana, 2600-3000 meters, in dense woods on the mountains, Weberbauer 2084 (type).
Elleanthus Bonplandii (Reichb.

483. 1863.
f.)
f.
Evelyna Bonplandii Reichb.
Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: Bot. Zeit. 10: 711. 1852.
stout, leafy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceoacute or acuminate, coriaceous, up to 15 cm. long and 2.6 cm. wide (only the upper ones present). Inflorescence (raceme) sessile, 12.7 cm. long, cylindric, very
late,
Stems simple, very
dense, many-flowered. surpassing the flowers.

lateral
Floral bracts lanceolate-oblong,
acute or acuminate,
ones oblique. rhombic-obovate or rhombic-orbicular, broadly rounded and minutely crisped in front; disc with a pair of approximate, minute calli at the base. Column slender, minutely angled in the middle in front.
Sepals triangular-lanceolate, acute, the Petals linear or linear-lanceolate, acute. Lip broadly
Ovary glabrous.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Bonpland
s.n.
53
This diagnosis was made from the above descriptions, as well as from drawings of the type from the Reichenbach Herbarium.
Elleanthus bractescens
1862.
(Lindl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 479. bractescens Lindl. Orch. Linden. 10, no. 59. 1846. Evelyna
Stem copiously branched, with the branches arcuate, leafy. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, up to 11 cm. long and about 1.7 cm. wide, rigid. Racemes ovoid, densely many-flowered, strobiliform, up to 2.5 cm. long. Floral bracts apparently ovate, acute, subequaling the flowers. Perianth red. Sepals not described. Petals Lip round-obovate, retuse at the elliptic-oblong or lanceolate-oblong, obtuse. apex, with the margins fimbriate above the middle; disc with a pair of large, approximate, ovoid calli in the concave base and with a transverse lamina in front of these. Column not described.
Peru: Cajamarca (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Also Venezuela (type). This species may be referable to E. aurantiacus (Lindl.) Reichb. f., but, judging from a photograph of the type and the description, it differs in having dense racemes of red flowers with a transverse lamina on the disc in front of the basal calli.
Beih. 9: 123. 1921.
The data for this diagnosis were furnished by the descriptions, in addition to a photograph of the type of Evelyna bractescens from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Br.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 475. Bletia capitata R. Br. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5: 206. 1813. Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 32, t. 56. 1836. Evelyna capitata Poepp.
Elleanthus capitatus (R.
1862.
&
Evelyna cynarocephala Reichb. Figure 7.

Plant large.
tall.
f.
Bonpl. 4: 216. 1856, nomen tantum.
Stems simple, caespitose, rigid, leafy especially above, up to 11 Leaves lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic (rarely ovate-lanceolate), up to 26 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate. Inflorescences capitate, densely
dm.
many-flowered, with the flowers often embedded in a mucilaginous mass. Floral bracts imbricated, triangular-ovate or triangular-lanceolate, long-acuminate, glabrous, the outer ones larger and surpassing the flowers. Flowers varying from white with pink markings to purple. Ovary more or less glabrous. Dorsal sepal Lateral sepals lanceolate-elliptic to oblong, acute, about 12 mm. or less long. subequally long, obliquely oblong or ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate. Petals linear to oblong, obtuse to subacute. Lip round-obovate, about 15 mm. or less long, concave at the base with a pair of semiglobose calli, retuse in front, with the anterior margins erose-fimbriate. Column with an abrupt, conspicuous, obtuse tubercle in the middle in front.
Huanuco: Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Cochero), on

branches of stout trees in primeval forests, Poeppig s.n. Mufia, about 2100 meters, in dry woods, Macbride 4194- A widespread
FIG. 7. Elleanthw capitatus (R. Br.) Reichb. f. flower head; X ^. 2, column, side view; about X 1.
1,
3,
upper part of plant with column, front-side view;
about
XI.
4, flower, side
7,
view;
XI.
5, flower,
from above;
XI.
6, pollinia,
much
enlarged.
anther,
much
enlarged.
Drawn by D.
E. Tibbitts.
54

species extending from Mexico capitata) to Brazil and Peru.
55
and the West Indies (type
of Bletia
descriptions of this concept, supplemented collections, furnished the data for this diagnosis.
The
by numerous
Elleanthus Carolii
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
9: 45. 1921;
102, nr. 401. 1929.
Plant caespitose, slender, 30-40 cm. high. Stems simple, 4- to 6-leaved above. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, mucronulate, coriaceous, 7-9.5 cm. long, 1-1.2 cm. wide. Racemes subsessile, ovoid, erect, densely 10- to 15-flowered. Floral bracts long-acuminate from an ovate base, usually slightly surpassing the flowers. Flowers orange. Ovary glabrous. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate,
mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblong-lanceolate, oblique, shortly acuminate, connate up to the middle. Petals linear-falcate, subobtuse, a little longer than the sepals. Lip from an oval, cucullate base (furnished with a pair of subremote, falcate-oblong calli) abruptly dilated into a very broadly flabellate-reniform lamina which is lightly retuse in the middle and has irregularly fimbriate-dentate margins. Column slender, dilated toward the apex with the serrulate clinandrium sharply divided into two rounded lobules.
7
Junin: Near La Merced, in the 1200 meters, Kohler brothers s.n.
Chanchamayo
Valley, about
Elleanthus casapensis (Reichb.

475. 1862.
f.)
f.
Reichb.
f.
Walp. Ann.
6:
Evelyna casapensis Reichb.
Bot. Zeit. 10: 709. 1852.
Plant slender, over 30 cm. tall. Stems simple. Leaves several on the upper part of the stem, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, about 14 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence abbreviated, capitate. Floral
bracts ovate, sharply acuminate, imbricating, furfuraceous, equaling or surpassing the flowers. Sepals elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, acute, the lateral ones oblique. Petals linear-oblanceolate, acute. Lip round-oval, retuse in the middle,
with the sides toward the apex fimbriate; disc ventricose, not contracted, furnished at the base with a pair of approximate, rather large, rounded calli. Column having a retuse clinandrium which is 1-toothed on each side.
Peru: Cassapi (Casapi), Matthews 1891 (type).
The diagnosis was drawn both from Reichenbach's description and from drawings of the type in his Herbarium in Vienna.
This concept is reduced to E. capitatus (R. Br.) Reichb. f. by Cogniaux, Martius PI. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 326. 1901, but it appears to me to be separable from that species.
Elleanthus cephalophorus (Reichb.

6: 476. 1862.
f.)
Evelyna cephalophora Reichb.
Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. f. Bot. Zeit. 10: 709.
1852.
56
Plant
or

much more
Stems
30
slender than E. capitatus (R. Br.) Reichb.
f.,
about 50 cm.
slender, simple, leafy above. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, up to about 16 cm. long and 3 cm. wide. Inflorescence abbreviated, capitate. Floral bracts triangular-ovate, acute or acuminate,
more
tall.
equaling the flowers. Ovary smooth. Sepals ovate-oblong, acute, the lateral ones Petals ligulate, lightly dilated above, acute or obtuse. Lip roundoblique. obovate, scarcely constricted below, rounded at the apex, entire on the margins; disc with a pair of approximate, basal, keel-like calli. Column with a ciliolate,
deeply emarginate clinandrium, and a prominent, 3-lobed, rostellar process.
Huanuco: Cuchero (Cochero), Poeppig 1688. The diagnosis was drawn from the description, as well as from drawings of the type of Evelyna cephalophora from the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna.
Reichb.
This species appears to be very close to E. capitatus (R. Br.) f., but differs in having an entire and not retuse lip.
f. & Warsc.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. Evelyna conifera Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 113. 1854. Elleanthus Weberbauerianus Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117: 28. 1916. Elleanthus conchochilus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 46. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 103, nr. 402.
Elleanthus conifer (Reichb.
6: 474. 1862.
1929.
Plant large and stout, up to 2 meters high. Stems simple, leafy (especially Leaves lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, above). more or less long-acuminate, coriaceous, plicate, up to about 21.7 cm. long and
4.3
cm. wide. Inflorescence oblong-cylindric, densely many-flowered, strobiliform, about 5.5-10 cm. long. Floral bracts appressed-imbricated, ovate-oblong or
elliptic-oblong, equaling or slightly exceeding the flowers.
Ovary shortly
fur-
Flowers white, white with reddish veins, purple and white, rosecolored or yellowish. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, acute to shortacuminate, concave, about 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong or oblong-ovate, acute or short-acuminate, slightly longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear to linear-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, about as long as the sepals. Lip pandurate-obovate when expanded, with the anterior margins
furaceous.
crenulate to denticulate and more or less retuse in the middle, up to 13 mm. long and almost as wide above; disc with the concave base occupied by a large tri-
angular-ovoid, obtuse callus.
Column with a
carinate or grooved callus in front;
clinandrium 3-lobed.
s.n. (type of Evelyna Churuhuasi (48 miles from Ollachea) Soukup 473. Cajamarca: At the edge of sclerophyllous vegetation on mountains west of Huambos, 2700-2800 meters, Weberbauer 4191 (type of E. conchoCuzco: Prov. of Convention, Machu-Picchu, chilus Schltr.). Irca ruins in the sun, 2200 meters, Stork, Norton, Vargas 10512. among
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz

.
conifera)
57
Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, Prov. of epiphytic and terrestrial, in dense forest, Vargas 2538.
Paucartambo, between Tanamayo and Tambomayo, 1800-2700 meters, epiphyte and terrestrial, Vargas 4937. Prov. of Quispicanchis, Marcapata Valley near Chilechile, 2500-2600 meters, on grass steppe mixed with shrubs and alternating with shrub-woods, Weberbauer 7868. Prov. of Urubamba, "Huinaihuaina," 2550 meters, at
edge of woods, Vargas 4114- Huanuco: Cani, 7 miles northeast of Mito, about 2600 meters, on sunny grass-shrub slopes, Macbride Prov. of Huanuco, Mitotambo, above Mito, 3000-3100 3489. meters, in low evergreen forest with scattering trees, Ferreyra 6693.
Piura: Prov. of
lera east of
slight
Huancabamba, on the western slopes of the CordilHuancabamba, 2700-2800 meters, in the grass steppe of periodicity with numerous scattered evergreen shrubs, Weber-
bauer 6091 (type of E. Weberbauerianus Kranzl.).
This diagnosis was prepared from a drawing of the type of Evelyna conifera in the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna, as well as from all of the descriptions of the component synonyms and
numerous specimens examined.

bilifer
It
appears to be
allied to E. stro-
Reichb.
f.
Elleanthus ensatus
Plant rather
stout.
(Lindl.) Reichb.
f.
Walp. Ann.
6: 482. 1863.
Evelyna ensata Lindl. Orch. Linden. 11, no. 64. 1846.

tall,
Stem
simple, leafy above, erect or slightly arcuate,
up
to 11.3
plicate,
Leaves linear-lanceolate or elliptic-linear, rigid, coriaceous, acuminate with an acute apex, up to about 21 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide.
tall.
dm.
Inflorescence strobiliform, densely many-flowered, subglobose-capitate to oblongcylindric, up to about 12 cm. long, commonly nodding. Floral bracts spreading, the lower ones about twice or more surpassing the flowers, ovate-lanceolate and
Flowers pink to carmine. Ovary densely short-furfuraDorsal sepal ovate-oblong, acute, about 1.3 cm. long. Lateral sepals subPetals linear to oblongequally large, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, mucronate. oblanceolate. Lip pandurate, concave-saccate at the base, with an abrupt triangular lobule at the broad apex, up to 1.7 cm. long, the anterior margins being crenate and apiculate; disc with a pair of conspicuous calli above the base. Column
setaceous-acuminate.
ceous.
slender.
Beih. 9: 123. 1921.
Peru: Cajamarca (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Also Venezuela (type), Colombia, and Ecuador.
Evelyna ensata from the Lindley Herbarium at
This description was drawn from photographs of the type of Kew and the Delessert
in
Herbarium
this species.
Geneva, as well as from several specimens referred to
58

1.1
30
1862.
lean thus flavescens (Lindl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 479. Evelyna flavescens Lindl. Orch. Linden. 11, no. 60. 1846.
Plant over 44 cm. high. Stem with numerous short lateral branches which are and leafy. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate to an obtuse tip, up to about 7 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide. Inflorescence strobiliform, short, many-flowered, dense above, sublax below, up to about 3 cm. long. Floral bracts subequaling the flowers, the lower ones often foliaceous and elongate. Flowers yellowish or orange. Sepals not described. Petals linear, subacute. Lip suborbicular with entire or subentire margins, retuse in the middle; disc with the depressed base having a pair
strict
of approximate, ovoid-pyriform calli.
Beih. 9: 123. 1921.
Peru: Cajamarca (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Also Venezuela (type) and Colombia. This species may be specifically inseparable from E. aurantiacus
f.,
(Lindl.) Reichb.
but the entire margins of the
lip
appear to be
diagnostic.
The description was taken from the original diagnosis, together with a photographic record of Lindley's type of Evelyna flavescens having a drawing of its lip and petal.
El lean thus
furfuraceus
(Lindl.) Reichb.
f.
Walp. Ann.
6: 480.
1862; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 333. 1901. Evelyna furfuracea Lindl. Orch. Linden. 12, no. 65. 1846. Elleanthus furfurascens Reichb.
f.
ex Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 123. 1921,
sphalm.
Plant slender. Stem simple or sometimes lightly branched, more or less arcuate below, slender, leafy above. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, very acuminate, up to 14 cm. long and about 2.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence about 4- to
16-flowered,
more or
less lax
toward the base with the lower flowers often in the
dense above. Lower bracts much surpassing the flowers, upper ones subequaling them or shorter. Flowers scarlet to rose or purple. Ovary furfuraceous. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, subacute to acuminate, 6-8 mm. long. Lateral sepals about as long, obliquely ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, apiculate. Petals oblanceolate-oblong, subacute. Lip round-obovate, erose-crenate or denticulate and retuse on the
axils of leaf-bearing or foliaceous sheaths, rather
anterior margins, about as long as the sepals; disc with a pair of approximate, semiellipsoid calli at the concave base and in front of these a transverse elevated line or keel. Column stout, subclavate; clinandrium tridenticulate.
Peru: Junin (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 123. 1921. Also British Guiana, Venezuela (type), Colombia, and
Ecuador.
This description was prepared by reference to photographs of the type and co-type, as well as from Venezuelan specimens referred to
this species.

Elleanthus gastroglottis
Schltr.
59
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
9: 46.
103, nr. 403. 1929.
Plant rather large, up to 5 dm. high. Stems caespitose, slightly branched or simple, leafy above. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, up to 11 cm. long and 1.7 cm. wide. Inflorescence sublaxly few- (6- to 10-) flowered, up to 3.5 cm. long, with 2 foliaceous acuminate spathes at the base. Floral bracts lanceolate, acumi-
Flowers purple. Ovary furfuraceous. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, acuminate, about 1 cm. long. Lateral sepals slightly Petals linear-oblong or ligulate, longer, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. obtuse. Lip obovate to broadly obcordate, about 1.1 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, retuse in the middle, with erose-dentate margins; disc concave in the lower half with a pair of subremote, pyriform-ellipsoid calli a third of the distance from the
nate, almost twice surpassing the flowers. base.
Column
stout, obtusely keeled in front.
Junin:
forest
West of Huacapistana, 2600-3000 meters, on the mountains, Weberbauer 2083.

f.)
in
humid
Elleanthus Hallii (Reichb.

1863.
Reichb.
f.
Walp. Ann.
6: 482.
Evelyna Hallii Reichb.
f.
Bot. Zeit. 10: 711. 1852.
Plant over 19 cm. tall. Stem branched, leafy (at least above). Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, lightly retuse at the apex, apparently up to about 6 cm. long. Inflorescence abbreviated, about 3 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate
Ovary muricate. (oblong, as cited), sharply acuminate, exceeding the flowers. Sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, sharply acuminate. Petals ligulate, obtuse. Lip exceeding the sepals and petals, rhombic-obovate, ciliate-dentate (apparently
not retuse); disc at the base with a pair of approximate, complanate-ellipsoid (cited as oblong) calli.
1921.
Peru: Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 123. Also Ecuador (type).
The
Hallii
diagnosis was prepared from drawings of the type of Evelyna from the Reichenbach Herbarium, as well as from the de-
scriptions.
6: 480. 1862.
Elleanthus hymenophorus (Reichb. f.) Reichb. Evelyna hymenophora Reichb. f. Bot.

Evelyna discolor Reichb.
f.
f.
Walp. Ann.
Zeit. 10: 710.
1852.
Elleanthus discolor Reichb.
f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 113. 1854. Walp. Ann. 6: 480-481. 1862-1863.
Stems simple, suberect or arcuate, leafy above, up to 9 dm. high. Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, up to about 27 cm. long and 10 cm. wide. Inflorescence cylindric, densely many-flowered, up to 11 cm. long, erect or recurved. Floral bracts somewhat shorter than the flowers and spreading in course of development. Ovary densely muricate. Flowers sulphur-yellow to vermilion or dark red (rarely white). Dorsal Lateral sepals similar, sepal oblong to oblong-ovate, acute, up to 8 mm. long. obliquely oblong-ovate, acute and apiculate, with a conspicuous high, thin keel, concave. Petals linear to narrowly oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse to subacute. Lip
60
suborbicular
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
when expanded, about 10 mm. long, emarginate in front, with the anterior margins irregularly fimbriate-dentate, slightly exceeding the sepals, a little broader than long; disc with a pair of conspicuous, approximate calli at the concave base, the calli hidden by a transverse semilunar membrane. Column
short, stout, longitudinally thickened in front.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n. (type of Evelyna Huanuco: Pozuzo, about 600 meters, on wooded slope, discolor). flowers orange, Macbride 4702. Along Huallaga River, 5 miles southeast of Tingo Maria, about 670 meters, epiphyte on PitheSan Martin: San Roque, collobium, flowers deep red, Seibert 1825. 1350-1500 meters, Williams 7347. (This specimen is in fruit and the flowers are imperfect.) Also Costa Rica, Panama (type of Evelyna hymenophora) , and Colombia.
The Central American specimens examined
are smaller both
vegetatively and florally than those from South America.
The diagnosis was prepared by reference to the descriptions of the component concepts, as well as to numerous specimens referred to the species.
Elleanthus igneus
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
9: 47.
1921;

elliptic or ovate-lanceolate,
103, nr. 404. 1929.
Plant caespitose, up to 13.7 dm. high. Stems simple, leafy above. Leaves acuminate, up to 23 cm. long and 7.5 cm. wide. Raceme very densely many-flowered, oblong-cylindric, erect or nearly so, up to about 9 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, a little shorter than the flowers, spreading. Flowers flame-color to brick-red. Ovary furfuraceous. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, acute, 8-9 mm. long. Lateral sepals subequally long, obliquely ovate-oblong, mucronate, dorsally with a prominent keel, especially above. Petals obliquely linear or oblanceolate-linear, obtuse. Lip obovatesuborbicular, about 9 mm. long, emarginate, erose-dentate, slightly surpassing the sepals; disc with a concave base having a large complanate-ovoid callus which is more or less bipartite and 4-lobulate; in front of the callus is a transverse semilunar membrane. Column stout, thickened in front.
Cuzco: Near Cosnipata, 800 meters, in rain-forest, Weberbauer 6942 (type). San Martin: Zepelacio near Moyobamba, 1100 meters,
in
mountain
forest,
Klug 3620.
This species is very close to Elleanthus hymenophorus Reichb. f., differing chiefly in the basal callus. Moreover, the flowers seem
to be slightly larger
sepals.
and to have a
less
prominent keel on the
lateral
Elleanthus kermesinus
1862.
(Lindl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 478. kermesina Lindl. Orch. Linden. 11, no. 61. 1846. Eoelyna
61
Plant up to over 4 dm. tall. Stem much branched, with leafy branches. Leaves linear-lanceolate or linear-elliptic, acuminate to a mucronate apex, scabrous on the margins, up to 8.5 cm. long and almost 1 cm. wide. Inflorescence abbreviated, with a fractiflex rachis. Flowers bright carmine, distinct from each other. Sepals not described. Petals oblong-oblanceolate (cited as obovate), emarginate. Lip obovate-suborbicular, with crenate anterior margins; disc with a pair of subapproximate, ellipsoid calli at the concave base, in front of these a low transverse
membrane.
9: 124. 1921.
Peru: Junin (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. Also Colombia (type) and Venezuela.
Photographs of the type of Evelyna kermesina from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew and from the Delessert Herbarium in Geneva were examined, in addition to the descriptions of this concept.
Elleanthus Koehleri Schltr. Fedde Repert. 10: 388. 1912; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 58: t. 10, nr. 37. 1930.
Plant caespitose, epiphytic, low, about 15 cm. tall. Stems simple, 4- to 5Leaves narrowly lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, more or less acuminate to a tridentate tip, up to 6.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide. Inflorescence abbreviated, subcapitate but distinctly racemose, about 2 cm. long, densely 10- to 15-flowered. Floral bracts ovate, acuminate, imbricating, the lower ones slightly surpassing the flowers. Flowers probably orange-red. Ovary glabrous. Dorsal
leaved above.
sepal narrowly elliptic-lanceolate (cited as ligulate-lanceolate), shortly acuminate, about 8 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique. Petals linear-oblanceolate,
acute, thinner than the sepals. Lip with a concave, oblong, claw-like base extending to above the middle, then abruptly dilated into an oblong-reniform,
fimbriate lamina, about 9 mm. long; disc with a pair of approximate, complanateovoid calli above the base. Column slender, carinate-thickened at the base in
front,
with a bilobed and fimbriate clinandrium.
St. Teresa,
Junin: Chanchamayo, Rio Blanco, on coffee trees of Hacienda about 1400 meters, Kohler s.n.
Elleanthus laxifoliatus
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
9:
48.

5-)
103, nr. 405. 1929.
Plant caespitose, about 9.7 dm. high. Stems simple, slender, laxly few- (about leaved on the upper half. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate with a 3-dentate apex, up to 16 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence racemose, short-peduncled; raceme cylindric, densely many-flowered, about 8 cm. long. Floral bracts broadly Flowers pale rose-violet. Ovary furfuraceous. oval, subequaling the flowers. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate, about 1 cm. long.
Lateral sepals subequally long, obliquely ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate, with a dilated concave base. Petals obliquely linear, obtuse, minutely ciliolate above. Lip elliptic-obovate, retuse and apiculate in front with all but the basal margins serrate-denticulate, about 9 mm. long and 6 mm. wide above; disc at the concave
base furnished with a pair of connate, obliquely semipyriform with the anterior surface fleshy-thickened.
calli.
Column
stout,
62
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
Cajamarca: Near Huambos, 2400-2500 meters, in woods, Weberbauer 4203.
Elleanthus linifolius
Martius
Presl, Rel.
t.
Haenk.
1: 97.
1827; Cogn.
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 334,
73,
fig. 1.
1901.
Isochilus ? lini-
folium Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 113. 1831. Evelyna graminifolia Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 33, t. 58. 1836. Adeneleuterophora graminifolia Barb. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 2: 171.
1882.
Plant densely caespitose, up to about 5.8 dm. tall. Stems very slender, simple, leafy except at the base, up to about 45 cm. high. Leaves very narrowly linear (often conduplicate), tridentate or acute at the apex, strict to arcuate,
up to 10 cm. long and
2.5 (rarely 4)
mm.
wide.
Inflorescence
up
to 2.6 (rarely 5)
cm. long, a compact, distichous, complanate, often capitate raceme. Floral bracts imbricated, conduplicate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, subacute to acuminate, commonly slightly surpassing the flowers. Rachis fractiflex. Ovary densely pubescent, becoming glabrous. Flowers minute, white, rarely yellowish or pinkish. Dorsal sepal oblong or ovate-oblong, navicular, acute, about 3-3.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals about equally long, obliquely ovate to ovate-lanceolate, concave, acuminate or acute, apiculate. Petals as long as, or exceeding the sepals, obliquely linear or narrowly cuneate, commonly spatulate above, obtuse or rounded at the apex. Lip suborbicular-obovate or flabellate, about 3-4.2 mm. long and usually slightly wider above, often subtrilobed at the truncate-rounded apex, irregularly erose-dentate on the anterior margins; disc with a pair of approximate, complanateovoid calli at the strongly concave base. Column slender, dilated upward.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 meters, epiphyte in open woods or dense forest, Killip & Smith 22594, 22754, 23161. Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, west of Divisoria, 1400 meters, epiphyte in forest, Asplund 12584- On mountains near Huanocco (Huanuco), Haenke s.n. (type). Between Huanuco and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 89. Junin: Chanchamayo Same locality, 1200 meters, Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1314Schunke 1334, 1695. Same locality, 1600 meters, Schunke 1679. Pichis Trail, Yapas, 1350-1600 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, Killip & Smith 255141400-1700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 24524, 24855. Same locality, 1300-1700 meters, Schunke A50. La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, about 1200 meters, Macbride 5720. San Martin Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters, in mountain forest, Klug 3564:
This widespread species extends from the West Indies and Mexico, through Central America to Brazil (type of Adeneleuterophora) and Peru.
63
Elleanthus longibracteatus (Lindl. ex Griseb.) Fawc. Fl. PL Jam. 38. 1893; Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 1: 108, t. 20, figs. 8-12.
1910.
Evelyna longibracteata Lindl. ex Griseb.
Fl. Br.
W.
Ind.
Is.
623. 1864.
Plant 3-9 dm. high. Stems simple or (especially above), slender to rather stout.
or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, plicate, wide (very variable in size). Raceme short, subglobose to oblong-cylindric, densely several- to many-flowered, 2-8 cm. long. Floral bracts from an ovate,
very sparingly branched below, leafy Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate commonly 7-20.4 cm. long, up to 3.9 cm.
concave base long-acuminate, up to 3 cm. long, much exceeding the flowers in the lower part of the raceme. Flowers cream-color to pale yellow. Dorsal sepal oblong or ovate-oblong, acute or mucronate, 7-10 mm. long. Lateral sepals a little longer, obliquely triangular-oblong, mucronate, saccate at the base. Petals obliquely ligulate or oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse with irregularly denticu-
margins above. Lip about as long as the sepals, suborbicular in outline when expanded, sometimes indistinctly 3-lobulate above, with the anterior margins dentate-fimbriate; disc strongly saccate from the base to above the middle, with the sac occupied by two relatively large, ovoid calli in front of which, on each side, is a short transverse keel. Column short, stout, winged on each side above.
late
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, between Tanamayo and Tambomayo, 1800-2700 meters, epiphyte, Vargas 4937a. Also West Indies
(type),
Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia
(fide Griseb.).
The
diagnosis was partly compiled from
from the photograph of specimens of Evelyna longibracteata Lindley Herbarium.
descriptions, as well as in the
Elleanthus lupulinus
1863.
Plant large,
stiff,
(Lindl.) Reichb.
f.
Walp. Ann.
6: 483.
Evelyna lupulina Lindl. Orch. Linden. 11, no. 63. 1846.

terrestrial,
up to 15 dm. tall. Stem simple, entirely conscabrous sheaths. Leaves numerous, distichous, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, erect-spreading, plicate, narrowed to a sessile, clasping base, up to 19 cm. long and 5.3 cm. wide (or larger below), gradually much smaller above. Raceme very compact, about 10.5 cm. or less long, densely flowered, with the lanceolate, concave, long-acuminate bracts 2 or 3 times surpassing the flowers. Flowers relatively small, but large for the genus, deep rose-colored. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute, about 1.7 cm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, acute, mucronate, concave especially below, a little larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely lanceolate-linear, acute, slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip tubular-concave, broadly pandurateoblong (i.e., strongly constricted in the middle when expanded), broadly rounded, lightly retuse and undulate in front, more deeply concave through the basal portion which is adorned by a pair of large, more or less distinct calli, about 1.9 cm. long. Column prominent, about 1.3 cm. long.
cealed
by
close, tubular,
Huanuco: Carpish Pass, 84 km. from Tingo Maria on highway

to Lima,
about 2750 meters, Allard 21066.
Also Venezuela (type).
64
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
This description was prepared with the aid of photographs of the type of Evelyna lupulina from the Lindley and the Delessert Herbaria.
473. 1862.
Elleanthus Myrosmatis (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: Evelyna Myrosmatis Reichb. f. Bot. Zeit. 10: 708. 1852.
Stem
stout, simple, leafy (at least above), over 30 cm. tall. Leaves lanceolate up to about 20 cm. long and 5 cm. wide.
(cited as oblong), strongly acuminate,
by 2
Inflorescence strobiliform, densely many-flowered, about 6.5 cm. long, subtended Floral bracts oblong-lanceolate, acute, triangular, navicular spathes.
Ovary sparsely muriculate. apparently surpassing the flowers. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong (cited as oblong), acute. Lateral sepals ellipticlanceolate (cited as oblong), acute. Petals obliquely elliptic-linear, acute. Lip elliptic-lanceolate (cited as oblong-lanceolate), acute; disc depressed at the base. Column angulate- winged on each side above the middle; rostellum and clinanimbricating,
drium
retuse.
Schlechter,
Hudnuco: Cuchero (Cochero), Poeppig 1711; Huanuco, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 124. 1921.
fide
This diagnosis was prepared from the description, in addition to drawings of Evelyna Myrosmatis from the Reichenbach Herbarium.
& Endl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 331. 1901. Evelyna Cogn. oligantha Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 33, t. 57. 1836.
Elleanthus oliganthus (Poepp.
6: 481. 1863;
Plant caespitose. Stems simple, rather slender, leafy nearly to the base or the lower portion, up to 7 dm. tall. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate (oblong, as cited), long-acuminate, membranaceous, up to about 20 cm. long and
cm. wide, the upper and lower blades commonly much smaller. Inflorescence a loose, lax, slender, many-flowered raceme, the rachis up to about 13 cm. long. Floral bracts triangular-linear or narrowly triangular-lanceolate, spreading and conspicuous, a little shorter than the mature flowers. Ovary usually glabrous. Flowers orange-purple or yellow, subremote. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate or oblong, acute, 5-9 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely oblong-lanceolate, oblongovate or oblong, more or less prominently carinate on the back, apiculate, concave.
6.5
Petals obliquely oblong-linear to linear, obtuse or acute. Lip suborbicularobovate, with the margins laciniate-erose, somewhat exceeding the sepals, very slightly constricted on each side above the middle, somewhat retuse in front; disc with a pair of approximate, complanate-ovoid calli at the saccate base in front of which is a low, transverse membrane. Column short, dilated in front below.
Hudnuco: Towards Pampayaco
(Pampayacu)
and
Cuchero
(Cochero), in dry places on the ground in mountain woods, Poeppig s.n. (type). Near Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews 1892. Loreto, fide Also Bolivia and Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 124. 1921.
Ecuador.
65
This description was prepared from a photograph of authentic material in the Lindley Herbarium, from the above citations, and from several collections referable to this species from Bolivia and
Ecuador.
9: 49. 1921;
Elleanthus porphyrocephalus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 104, nr. 407. 1929.
the base.
Plant caespitose, epiphytic, about 8 dm. tall. Stems simple, leafy except at Leaves lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 10-14 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide Racemes capitate-congested, ovoid, very densely manybelow the middle. flowered, up to 5 cm. long, provided at the base with two large, concave sheaths. Floral bracts erect-spreading, lanceolate, very acute, slightly exceeding the
Ovary furfuraceous. Flowers bright purple. Dorsal sepal ovateLateral sepals equally long, obliquely lanceolate, acute, about 1.4 cm. long. ovate-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, with the anterior basal portion dilated
flowers.
and concave, acute.

obtuse,
somewhat exceeding the
Petals obliquely linear, slightly narrowed above the middle, sepals. Lip pandurate, from an ovate-cucullate
base gradually narrowed to a short isthmus, then rather abruptly dilated into a rhombic-reniform lamina with a serrate margin and retuse apex; disc above the base with a pair of subapproximate, narrowly pyriform-cylindric or "oblong" calli. Column slender, with the anterior surface carinate.
Piura:
West
side of the Cordillera east
[of]
Huancabamba, 2900
meters, in sclerophyllous thickets, Weberbauer 6140.
Elleanthus rhodolepis (Reichb.

482. 1863.
f.)
f.
Evelyna rhodolepis Reichb.
Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: Bot. Zeit. 10: 711. 1852.
Stem simple(?), slender, rigid. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, rigidcoriaceous. Inflorescence (in the type) a nodding spike. Floral bracts oblong,
Rachis and ovary attenuate, subacute, surpassing the flowers, rose-colored. densely papillose. Dorsal sepal oval, acute. Lateral sepals lanceolate, acute, concave. Petals ligulate, lunate. Lip orbicular, fimbriate-dentate at the apex,
with the entire sides involute at the base; disc with a pair of very large basal calli. Column angulate- winged on each side toward the apex; clinandrium and rostellar
process retuse.
Peru: Habitat not cited, Warscewicz
s.w., fide
Reichb.
f.
This concept
is
rather obscure, as
have been unable to secure
any record
of it in addition to the original description.
Elleanthus robustus (Reichb.

1862.
f.)
Reichb.
f.
Walp. Ann.
6: 474.
Evelyna robusta Reichb.
f.
Bot. Zeit. 10: 708. 1852.
Plant stout, up to over 9 dm. tall. Stem simple, leafy at least above. Leaves lanceolate (cited as oblong), long-acuminate (cited as acute), very large, up to about 39 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, the upper blades smaller. Inflorescence a very
compact, cylindric spike, about 18 cm. or more long, very densely many-flowered,
66
FIELDI AN A: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
provided at the base with 2 or 3 large, imbricating, erect spathes. Floral bracts Ovary glabrous. oblong-lanceolate, acute, imbricated, subequaling the flowers. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong, acute, about 8 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely lanceolate-oblong, curved, acute or apiculate, slightly larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate-linear, acute or subacute. Lip obovate (cited as flabellate),
broadly rounded and denticulate in front, about 9.5 mm. long; disc at the concave base with a depressed ovoid, more or less 4-lobulate callus. Column slender, with a retuse clinandrium and bidentate rostellar process.
Huanuco: Cuchero (Cochero), N. Dehne 44 (type of Evelyna robusta), Mathews s.n. (collectors' names on records from Herb. Reichb. f. at Vienna). Habitat not cited, Weberbauer 6246. Cajamarca: fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 124. 1921. Puno, This diagnosis was prepared from the descriptions, from records from the Reichenbach Herbarium, and from a specimen reasonably
determined as E. robustus.
Elleanthus Ruizii (Reichb.

1863.
&
Evelyna Ruizii Reichb. Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 113. 1854.

Plant stout, up to 9.8 dm. high.
elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate,
f.
f.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 481. Linnaea 22: 842. 1849; Reichb. f.
Leaves
Stems caespitose, simple, stout, leafy above. up to about 30 cm. long and 10 cm. wide,
acuminate, submembranaceous, the uppermost blades relatively very small. Inflorescence a many-flowered, dense, cylindric spike, usually elongate, up to about 13.5 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate. Ovary sparsely muriculate. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, acute, about 7 mm. long. Lateral sepals subequal, obliquely lanceolate-ovate, acute, with a prominent dorsal keel. Petals obliquely linear-oblanceolate, acute, denticulate above. Lip orbicular with denticulate margins; disc at the base with a pair of approximate, ovoid calli concealed by a transverse semilunar fold. Column slender, from below gradually thickened toward the middle in front; clinandrium rounded, apiculate.
Peru: Habitat not cited, Ruiz Pavdn Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 124. 1921. Schlechter,
&
s.n.
Hudnuco,
fide
Reichenbach's descriptions and records from his herbarium, together with a photograph from the Delessert Herbarium and an authentic specimen of E. Ruizii from the Ruiz and Pavon collection in Madrid, furnished the data for the above diagnosis.
and examples of this species seen have their summit of rather mature ovaries which much exceed the small, spreading bracts. The best flower which could be examined was very imperfect. The species is closely allied to
All of the records
flowers borne on the
Elleanthus hymenophorus Reichb.
f.
Elleanthus Spruceanus Cogn. Martius

332. 1901.
Fl.
Bras. 3, pt. 5:
67
Plant tall (specimen incomplete), over 36 cm. high to the apex of the uppermost suberect leaf. Stem rather slender for the genus, simple, leafy, the porLeaves elliptiction present about 19 cm. tall up to the base of the spike.
lanceolate to "oblong," long-acuminate, more or less attenuate at the base, up to 23 cm. long and 4 (6) cm. wide. Inflorescence more or less elongate, erect or
somewhat flexuous, densely many-flowered above, about 6-12 cm. long, subtended by a narrow, elongate, foliaceous sheath. Floral bracts ovate-oblong (obOvary obscurely furfulong, as cited), concave, slightly exceeding the flowers.
Flowers rather small, glabrous. Sepals subequal, oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute, the lateral ones lightly oblique, somewhat concave, 7-8 mm. long.
raceous.
Petals linear-oblanceolate (cited as linear-ligulate), obtuse, somewhat oblique, a little shorter than the sepals. Lip a little longer than the lateral sepals, obovate in outline, very imperfect in the available specimen. Column rather short and stout, not thickened in the middle, up to 5 mm. long.
Loreto: Near Tarapoto, Spruce s.n.
Inasmuch as this concept, represented in the Ames Herbarium a photograph of the type, closely resembles several other species by and has an imperfect lip, it was considered advisable not to include
it
in the key.
Elleanthus strobilifer (Poepp. & Endl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 1863; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 328. 1901, exclude synonymy in part. Evelyna strobilifer a Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. acSp. 1:32. 1836.
6: 483.
Plant terrestrial, stout, erect. Stems simple, leafy at least above, up to 21 dm. high, twice or three times geniculate at the summit. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong (very broadly), long-acuminate, rigid-chartaceous, up to
about 25 cm. long and 8.5 cm. wide, upper blades often
apart.
Inflorescence
much smaller, about 5 cm. an oblong-cylindric, strobiliform spike, densely many-
Floral bracts densely imbricated, ovate-oblong to flowered, 7-15 cm. long. oblong, acute, slightly surpassing the flowers. Ovary glabrous. Flowers at first snow-white, then yellow, and finally purple according to age. Sepals lanceolate-
ovate (cited as lanceolate), acute, the lateral ones oblique, 8-9 mm. long. Petals oblanceolate-linear, acute, a little longer than the sepals. Lip convolute about
the column, broadly spatulate-obovate when expanded, slightly emarginate at the broadly rounded apex, denticulate-laciniate on the anterior margins; disc
at the saccate base with a closely
calli.
Column
slender, with a small but
approximate pair of large ovpid-subglobose prominent and abrupt protuberance
in front in the middle.
Peru: Without locality, Mathews 1889

uco:
(fide
Cogniaux).
Toward Cuchero (Cochero) and
Cassapillo, in
Huanwoods or rocky
on rather dry cliffs, forming thickets with Sobralia, Poeppig 1639 (type). Also Colombia.
This diagnosis
of E. strobilifer
is based on the descriptions (I.e.) and on records from the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna.
68
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
Elleanthus virgatus (Reichb. f.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 6: 112. 1938. Sertifera virgata Reichb. f. Linnaea
41:64. 1876.
Plant slender, about 6 dm. tall. Stem with a few ascending, leafy branches. Leaves lanceolate (cited as cuneate-oblong), acute or acuminate with a minutely trifid apex, apparently narrowed to a short petiole, up to about 8 cm. long and Inflorescence a flexuous, very loosely few-flowered 1.4 cm. wide, rather strict. raceme, about 7-8 cm. long. Floral bracts oblong-ovate, acute, equaling the Flowers vermilion when dry. Sepals and petals ligulate, acute. Lip flowers.
oblong, subtrilobed, acute.

I
s.n.
Also Colombia.
have seen no specimen and no

description
floral analysis of this species.
The
was compiled with the
aid of a record of Sertifera
virgata
from the Reichenbach Herbarium.

f.
Elleanthus xanthocomos Reichb.

t.
ex Hook.
f.
Bot.
Mag.
99:
6016. 1873.
Stems approximate, slender, simple, erect, up to about 30 cm. high, leafy Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, up to about 17.7 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, deep green above and paler beneath. Inflorescence a dense, oblong-ovoid, many-flowered spike which is up to about 7.7 cm. long, suberect or inclined. Floral bracts yellow, marked with green toward the apex; the lower ones
above.
ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, exceeding the flowers; the upper ones shorter,
ovate, acuminate, subequaling the flowers.
Ovary
papillose.
Flowers bright
Sepals ovate-oblong, subacute, obtusely yellow, perianth parts campanulate. keeled on the back, about 1.3 cm. long, the lateral ones oblique. Petals oblong,
with an obtuse apicule.
sition), lightly trilobed at the
Lip oblong-obovate (oblong-pandurate in natural poapex with a transversely oblong, retuse terminal lobe, anterior margins erose-ciliate; disc with a pair of elongate-ovoid calli extending from the base to the middle of the lip, in front of which is a transverse line composed of two semilunar keels. Column with an angle on each side above.
Peru: Habitat not recorded (plants raised by

Junin, fide Schlechter,
W. W.
Saunders).
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 124. 1921.
SOBRALIA
sessile,
Ruiz
&
Pav.
Stems simple. Leaves distichous, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, rigid and more or less plicate, varying from oblong to ovate-lanceolate or oval. Inflorescence lateral (either a loose raceme or a branching panicle), or more commonly terminal (either capitate or racemose).
Terrestrial or epiphytic herbs, mostly tall.
Flowers commonly large and conspicuous. Sepals narrow. Petals often broader. Lip prominent, surrounding the column at the base, simple or more or less trilobed, commonly retuse or bilobed at the apex; disc traversed by keels, toothed crests or bristles. Column elongate, footless, often with a pair of falcate angles at the summit. Anther incumbent, 2-celled, pollinia 8, 4 in each cell.

Al. A2.
la.
69
I
Inflorescence axillary or lateral (rarely terminal also)
Inflorescence terminal only
Petals about twice as broad as the sepals; lip cordate at the base. S. Weberbaueriana
Petals subequal to the sepals (at most a little broader); lip cuneate or 1 rounded at the base (rarely subcordate in S. dichotoma)
simple, strict, densely flowered; apical portion of the disc without a prominent cluster of linear ligules or deeply lacerate S. scopulorum (S. alstroemerioides) Racemes usually dichotomous (paniculate), if simple, spreading and loosely flowered; apical portion of the disc of the lip provided with a prominent 2 cluster of linear ligules or deeply lacerate keels Central keels of the lip, through the middle of the disc, entire; sepals and S. dichotoma (S. Mandonii) petals narrowed toward the base
Ib.
la.
Racemes always
of the lip keels
Ib.
2a.
2b.
3a.
All keels of the lip bearing long-toothed crests; sepals
3b.
4a.
4b.
5a.
Flowers in a simple, open raceme; rachis flexuous, S, rosea uous floral bracts 4 Flowers solitary or several from the axils of imbricated bracts Flowers springing from a dense cluster or strobile of small, numerous, distichously imbricated bracts; lip somewhat constricted on each side near S. Candida the apex Flowers not springing from a dense cluster of small, numerous, imbricated
bracts
5
and petals ligulate. S. D'Orbignyana with large and conspic-
Flower very small for the genus, about 2.5-3 cm. long; leaves relatively S. crocea narrow, up to 3 cm. wide Flower large, 5 cm. or more long; leaves relatively broad, about 4 cm. or 6 more wide Anterior margin of the lip undulate, disc with 5 elevated lines not reaching S. Klotzscheana the apex; flowers entirely white
Anterior margin of the lip retuse or bilobed Disc of the lip covered with fleshy bristles; leaves broadly oval. 7
5b.
6a.
6b.
7a.
S. fimbriata 7b.
8a.
8b.
not covered with fleshy bristles; leaves not broadly oval 8 Lip fimbriate on the forward margin, with a line of short, entire crests S. setigera parallel to the margin; leaf produced into a long, tapering point Lip crisped-undulate on the forward margin, without submarginal crests, S. violacea but traversed by 7 narrow, entire, longitudinal keels Disc of the
lip
.
. .
Sobralia amplexicaulis Ruiz

Chil. 1:233. 1798.
&
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv. et
Huanuco Chinchao, abundant

:
in clearings,
Pavdn
s.n.
This
is
an obscure taxon.
Sobralia biflora Ruiz 1:233. 1798.
&
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl.
Peruv. et Chil.
Stems clustered, loosely leaved above. Leaves elliptic, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, up to about 20 cm. long and 8 cm.
70
wide.
ered.
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
Inflorescence terminal, sessile, consisting of a few imbricated bracts, 2-flow-
Huanuco: Pozuzo, in weedy hot places, toward Chenico and Tramo, Ruiz & Pav6n (type). Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde
Repert. Beih. 9: 121. 1921.
This species is described very briefly, the shape and measureof the leaves being taken from a photograph of the probable type in the Madrid Herbarium. In this photograph only a remnant of a flower is shown; and, as no description of the flowers is given, the concept has not been included in the key.
ments
collection determined
by Dr. R. Mansfeld
as Sobralia sessilis
Lindl., bearing similar leaves and terminal inflorescences of 1 or 2 flowers, may be referable to this concept or to S. fimbriata Poepp. & Endl. Its data are: East Peru, Tessmann 5537.
Sobralia Candida (Poepp. Endl.) Reichb. f. Fl. des Serres 8: 247. 1853; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 341. 1901. Cyathoglottis Candida Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 56, t. 94. 1836.
Plant slender, terrestrial or epiphytic, up to about 9 dm. tall. Stems caespibelow but provided with remote, close, elongate-tubular sheaths. Leaves about 3-6, on the upper part of the stem, distant, narrowly lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, very long cuspidate-acuminate, up to about 21.5 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, the lowermost and uppermost (at the base of the inflorescence)
tose, leafless
&
commonly much smaller. Inflorescence terminal, arcuate-recurved, consisting of a small strobile (about 2.5-3 cm. long) of numerous, appressed, densely imbricated bracts. Flowers solitary or one at a time, terminal, snow-white to creamwhite, membranaceous. Sepals similar, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, about 2.5-3 cm. long and 5-6 mm. wide. Petals narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, very similar to the sepals, but slightly shorter. Lip snow-white, or salmon with pink mottling, elliptical or elliptic-oblong in outline, 2.5-3 cm. long, 10-14 mm. wide,
and subtrilobed above, acute or apiculate at the broad apex. Column dilated above, winged throughout, about 1.4-2 cm. long. Capsule linear-cylinconstricted
dric.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Woytkowski 35535 (this collection shows a smaller flower than typical). Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 meters, in open woods, "terrestrial; to 3 ft. high; 5
segments cream-white; lip salmon, pinkSmith 23137. Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Cochero), on tree trunks, Poeppig 1637 Junin: Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1400-1700 (type). in dense forest, "epiphyte; fruit brown," Killip & Smith meters,
mottled,"
Killip
&
24599.
habit,
(While this specimen bears merely several

leaves,
fruits, its
general
and
characteristic floral axis assure its identity.)

Pichis Trail, Yapas, 1350-1600 meters, in dense buds greenish yellow," Killip & Smith 25574-
71
forest, "epiphyte;
Sobralia crocea Reichb. f. Fl. des Serres 8: 247. 1853; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 341. 1901. Cyathoglottis crocea Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 55. 1836.
Plant epiphytic or terrestrial, slender, glabrous. Stems suffruticose, numerous, about 3-6 dm. high when mature, loosely leaved except through the basal portion. Leaves 3-6, oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, about 7-14 cm. long, up to 3 cm. wide, acute to short-acuminate, distichous, erect-spreading, subclasping, lightly chartaceous. Flowers small for the genus, terminal, 1-3 (perhaps
Ovary linear-cylindric, 4-angled. more), in the axils of sheaths, fugacious. Sepals similar, linear-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute, thinly membranaceous, saffron-yellow to red-orange, about 2.2-3 cm. long, up to 7 mm. wide. Petals similar to the sepals, but a little smaller. Lip somewhat shorter than the
and surrounding the column in natural position, up to 2.3 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide, oblong to oblong-elliptic when expanded, subtruncate at the apex, undulate and crenate on the anterior margins; disc provided through the middle with about 4 narrow keels which are somewhat dilated and coarsely dentate above. Column shorter than the lip, about 1.3 cm. long, terminated by a pair of falcate, retrorse lobes. Capsule about 6 cm. long at maturity.
sepals
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Sta. Isabel to Asuncion, 1800 Huanuco: meters, epiphyte, Vargas 5537 (flowers agglutinated).
Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Cochero), rather
rare,
Poeppig 1580 (type). Cierra Azul, "Vic. Estacion de Te," cut on Pucallpa Road, 1070 meters, flowers orange with paler lip, Seibert 2250, 2251. Tingo Maria (Divisoria), 1500 meters, terrestrial on open bluffs, flowers orange, Carpenter 102. San Martin: On road to Divisoria, 59 km. from Tingo Maria, on highway to Pucallpa, on bank, 1600 meters, Allard 21290. Same data as last, 1250 meters,
Attard 21320.
In the recent collections examined, which seem to be surely referable to this concept, the lip shows about 4 narrow keels which are coarsely dentate above, rather than the triangular-falcate
lamellae surrounded
by
fleshy club-shaped warts, as described.
& Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1798; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Sobralia 2, no. 1. 1854; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 346. 1901. Cattleya dichotoma (as tichotoma) Beer, Prakt. Stud. Fam. Orch. 215. 1854. S. Mandonii Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 2: 175, t. 175, I, fig. 1. 1873.
Sobralia dichotoma Ruiz
1: 232.
stout, resembling
and robust, variable, up to about 6 meters in height. Stems bamboo, caespitose, smooth, leafy except near the base, often forming dense thickets. Leaves varying from narrowly lanceolate to ovatePlant very
tall
72
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
lanceolate, long-acuminate, plicate, rigid and chartaceous, up to 35 cm. long and 8.5 cm. wide (according to Cogniaux). Inflorescences lateral, loosely racemose or
paniculate, few- to many-flowered, arcuate and more or less spreading. Flowers rather fleshy, commonly about 5-6 cm. long, outside white, inside violet to whitish
Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate to oblong, acute and mucronate, up to about 6 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide. Petals often slightly broader, sepals a little shorter, lightly oblique. spatulate to elliptic-oblong, more or less crisped on the margin. Lip in
rose or deep red, very fragrant.
elliptic-
Lateral
oblongnatural
column below and spreading above, somewhat surpassing the sepals, ovate-subquadrate or rarely broadly obovate in outline when expanded, subsimple to lightly 3-lobed with the broad mid-lobe bilobed at the apex; disc
position surrounding the
traversed
by numerous narrow
keels,
with the central ones near their apex lacerate
or cut into linear appendages which often form a prominent tuft. nearly twice shorter than the lip.
Column
clavate,
is, according to Lindley (Fol. Orch. Sobralia "the finest of the genus .... the Peruvians call it Flor 1854), del Paraiso."
Sobralia dichotoma
2.
Cuzco: Valle de San Miguel, Machu-Picchu, 2000-2400 meters, and epiphytic, Herrera 2033. Machu-Picchu, Valle del Urubamba, 2400 meters, Herrera 3230. Machu-Picchu, about 2100 Urubamba Valley, 2200 meters, meters, Cook & Gilbert 856. Herrera 3498. Convention, Machu-Picchu, 2400 meters, Vargas 834- Along trail to Machu-Picchu, 2200-2400 meters, steep sunny slopes and banks among open shrubbery, 2 meters high, roots densely matted, stems numerous, tall, cane-like, 30-50 cm. tall, bare to near the top, flower bright crimson-pink and very showy, Huanuco: Near Carpish, lip marked with ochraceous, West 80242500-2800 meters, Ferreyra 1698. Prov. of Huanuco, between Carpish and Acomayo, on road from Huanuco to Tingo Maria, 2500-2600 meters, in evergreen forest, Ferreyra 6704, 6868. Abundant in open woods near Muna, Pozuzo and Chinchao, in hot rocky
terrestrial
Pavdn s.n. (type). Between Huanuco and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 315 (fls. poor). Between Cuchero (Cochero) and Cassapi (Casapi), on the rocky and bushy summit of the Cassapillo Ridge, Poeppig 1642. [Rio] Huallaga, 1500-1600 meters, Weberbauer 6801. The following fruiting specimens are probably referable to this species: Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 meters, in open woods, "terrestrial, .... stems to 7 ft.," Kittip & Smith 22519. Huanuco: Yanano, about 1840 meters, "precipitous sunny grassy slopes, patches, 5-8 ft. high," Macbride 3835. Also Colombia and Bolivia (type of S. Mandonii).
places,
Sobralia D'Orbignyana Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 2: 179. 1873; Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 394. 1906.
73
Plant tall, rather slender, more than 4 dm. high, only the upper part present. Leaves lanceolate from an ovate base, long-acuminate, chartaceous, up to 20 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Inflorescences axillary, either racemes or panicles, shorter than or equaling the leaves. Floral bracts minute. Flowers white, membranaceous, among the smallest of the genus. Sepals and petals oblong or ligulate with reflexed margins so that they appear linear, obtuse or acute, membranaceous,
about 2-2.3 cm. long and 4 mm. wide. Lip from a cuneate base oblong or obovate, 2 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide, obscurely 3-lobed, bilobed in front, with undulate or crenulate margins; disc with 5-7 elevated lines bearing long-toothed crests, and near the central sinus in front with a cushion of very numerous threads or papillae. Column slender, about 1.5 cm. long.
Puno: Road from Sandia to Chunchusmayo, between Sandia and Tambo Azalaya, 1500-2000 meters, in thickets, Weberbauer
1071.
Also Bolivia (type).

description
The above
cited.
was compiled from the two references
Sobralia fimbriata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1836; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 342. 1901.
3),
1: 54.
Plant epiphytic on fallen trunk, apparently caespitose. Stems several (about rather stout, about 6 dm. tall, erect or arcuate, leafless below, loosely severalleaved above. Leaves elliptic or oval, erect-spreading, acuminate, attenuate at
the base, 12-17 cm. long, 5-6 cm. wide, submembranaceous or thinly chartaceous. Floral bracts 2-3, lanceolate, acuminate. Flower terminal, rather large, solitary,
snow-white; perianth about 5 cm. long. Sepals oblanceolate-oval or oblongligulate, gradually attenuate below, setaceous-mucronate, membranaceous, about 5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide. Petals equally long but a little narrower, ligulate, with the margins (except below) fimbriate or laciniate. Lip narrowly obovate in outline, with the margin deeply incised to form divaricate, undulate lobules; disc bearded with fleshy bristles. Column almost twice shorter than the lip.
Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Coon trunks of fallen trees, Poeppig 1779 (type). Loreto, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 122. 1921.
chero),
This description was compiled from the above references and from a drawing from the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna. The original description credits the plant as being very rare, collected but once.
Sobralia Klotzscheana Reichb.

Stem
stout, probably
tall
f.
Linnaea 22: 815. 1849.

Leaves
(only the apical portion of 23 cm. present).
ovate-lanceolate (oblong, as described), long-acuminate, erect-spreading, up to about 18 cm. long and 5.2 cm. wide, clasping at the base. Leaf-sheaths close, rough. Floral bracts oblong or lanceolate, beset with minute, brown, dagger-
shaped papillae. Flower large, white, apparently campanulate and about 7-8 cm. long. Dorsal sepal not described. Lateral sepals oblong-elliptical (oblong,
74
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
as described), acute, cuneate at the base. Petals subequal. Lip elliptic-obovate (cuneate-oblong, as described), with the broad anterior margin undulate; disc with
5 approximate, central, elevated lines not reaching the apex. with 3 subequal teeth to the clinandrium.
Column
clavate,
Huanuco: Chicoplaya, Ruiz Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 122. 1921.
(type).
Loreto, fide Schlechter,
The above diagnosis was taken from the very imperfect original description, supplemented by drawings of the type from the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna.
Apparently the only character which separates this concept from the white form of S. violacea Linden ex Lindl. is the undulate, not bilobed, apex of the lip, which in the latter species has a yellow blotch on the disc. In fact, the plant referred to as S. Klotzscheana in Orch. Rev. 24: 216. 1916, is probably referable to S. violacea, rather than to S. Klotzscheana, if indeed the two species are distinct.
Sobralia
68. 1866.
leucoxantha Reichb.
f.
Beitr.
Orch.
Centr.-Am.
This species is cited as occurring in Loreto (ex Kranzlin) by Schlechter (Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 122. 1921), but the Peruvian plant appears to be undoubtedly referable to the white form of S. violacea
Linden ex Lindl.
The Peruvian
collections of S. violacea are all
described as having white and yellow flowers or white flowers with yellow on the lip (as in S. leucoxantha), but the disc is seen to be
marked with 7 narrow,

S. leucoxantha.
parallel keels, unlike the Central
American
Sobralia rosea Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 54, t. 93. 1836; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Sobralia 2, no. 3. 1854; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 337. 1901. Sobralia Ruckeri Linden ex Lindl. Fol.
Orch. Sobralia
Plant robust.
3.
1854, in synon.
stout, very leafy. Leaves ovatelanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, long-acuminate, up to 37.5 cm. long and 8.4 cm. wide, gradually diminishing upward. Inflorescence terminal,
Stems 1-2 meters or more high,
racemose, loose, few- (up to 7-) flowered; rachis when well-developed strongly Bracts very large and conspicuous, distichous, complanate-ovate or flexuous. complanate-lanceolate, cymbiform, acute or acuminate, widely spreading, much longer than the ovary. Flowers apparently successive, large and showy, campanulate with the segments recurved above, about 8-10 cm. long, white tinged with lilac, rose-lilac, or bright crimson to purple. Dorsal sepal oblanceolateoblong, acute, about 9-11 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, lightly oblique. Petals similar to the sepals, either narrower or broader, membranaceous. Lip about equally long with the sepals, surrounding the column at the base,
75
broadly oval or narrowly obovate when expanded, emarginate at the apex with the anterior margins more or less crisped-undulate, 8-10 cm. long, 3-5.4 cm. wide when expanded; disc traversed in the center by about 3-5 low ridges, densely short-pubescent or papillose at the base. Column considerably shorter than the
lip,
little
thicker near the apex, 4-5 cm. high.

:
Amazonas Central Cordilleras of the Andes, path from Chachapoyas to Moyobamba, 2700-3300 meters, Williams 7603. Hudnuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), Poeppig 1076 (type). Near Cuchero (Cochero), Mathews 1894, 1895. Near Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews 359. Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Hacienda at mouth of Rio Chinchao, about 1070 meters, on grassy slope, 4
ft.
high, Macbride 5017.
Cueva Grande, near Pozuzo, about 1070 meters, on open shrubby, grassy slopes, Macbride 4804 (specimen in fruit). Between Carpish 3\mm: Colonia and Tingo Maria, 2700-2900 meters, Ferreyra 1817
Perene, about 680 meters, in dense forest, 6-12 ft. high, Killip & Smith 24948 (specimen in fruit). Loreto: Boqueron, Rio Yurac Yacu, 1000 meters, terrestrial on hillside along waterfall, Seibert 2073. San Martin: Boqueron Pass, 92 km. from Tingo Maria, on highway to Pucallpa, 410 meters, Allard 21755. Tingo Maria, 6251100 meters, Allard 22567. San Roque, 1350-1500 meters, in forest, Williams 7795. Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters, in mountain forest, Klug 3602. Also Colombia and Ecuador.
stitute the
Sobralia rosea together with S. dichotoma and S. violacea conmost beautiful and striking members of the genus in Peru. Lindley speaks of the inflorescence as being nearly a foot (30
cm.) long and many-flowered, but no such length of raceme or large number of flowers appear in the collections examined. The description of the flower
was drawn
chiefly
from the alcoholic material of
Macbride 5017. Sobralia scopulorum Reichb.

figs.
f.
2-3. 1873.
Sobralia alstroemerioides Schltr.
Xen. Orch. 2: 176, t. 175, II, Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
9: 43. 1921;
102, nr. 398. 1929.
Plant terrestrial, up to about 1.2 meters high. Stems simple, strict or subrather densely leaved above. Leaves erectspreading, oblong or lanceolate, very acute or acuminate, very rigid, 7.5-13.5 cm. Racemes axillary, toward the upper part of the stem, long, 1.5-3 cm. wide. densely few- (5- to 15-) flowered. Bracts small, deltoid, much shorter than the Flowers rather small, somewhat fleshy, about 3 cm. long, purple (in ovary.
flexuous, sheathed at the base,
Sepals ligulate, slightly narrowed below, acute or subobtuse, about 3 cm. long and 7 mm. wide. Petals cuneate-spatulate, somewhat oblique, distinctly larger than the sepals. Lip obovate (cuneate-oblong, as described), about 2.8-3 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide, emarginate at the apex, undulate-crenulate on the anterior margins; disc with 5 subparallel keels which are dentate or serS. alstroemerioides).
76
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
rulate toward the apex. Column slender, clavate, with a pair of lateral, falcate auricles at the summit, about 1.6 cm. long.
cliffs, Weberbauer 558 (type of S. alstroProv. of Calca, Vilcabamba, 2700 meters, on rocks of Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. slopes, Vargas 4047. 9: 122. 1921. Also Bolivia (type of S. scopulorum).
Cuzco: Near Sandia, on
emerioides).
The
high.
typical Bolivian plant
is
said to
have a stem about 17.5 cm.
Sobralia setigera Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 343. 1901.
1: 54.
1836;
Plant tall, robust. Stems several, erect or ascending, about 2 meters high, loosely leaved almost to the base, finely bristly above. Leaves large, ovate-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, long-acuminate, narrowed at the base, up to about 35 cm.
Inflorescence terminal, long and 7.2 cm. wide, erect-spreading, chartaceous. consisting of 1 to (rarely) 3 flowers arising from a strobile of 6-8 elongate, oblongPerianth lanceolate, acuminate, setose bracts which much exceed the ovary. campanulate, about 5-8 cm. long, snow-white, thinly membranaceous. Sepals equally long, oblong, acute and apiculate, recurved above, 7-8 cm. long, about
cm. wide. Petals similar to the sepals but narrower, erect. Lip shorter than the lateral sepals, surrounding the column, infundibuliform above, the anterior margin being incised and fimbriate; disc with a line of numerous, short, ancipitous,
1
entire, yellow crests parallel to the
margin.
Column
characteristic of the genus.
Huanuco:
(Cochero), in
Cassapillo, between Cassapi (Casapi) and Cuchero rocky woods of mountain ridge, Poeppig 1665 (type).
Eastern Peru, near Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews s.n. This description was compiled from the above sources and from drawings of the species sent from the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna.
Sobralia violacea Linden ex Lindl. Orch. Linden 26, no. 133. 1846; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Sobralia 8, no. 21. 1854.
Plant terrestrial or epiphytic, up to over 12 dm.
cose or
tall.
Stem rather
slender
for the genus, distichously leafy above, with the close, tubular leaf-sheaths verru-
densely
short-hairy.
oblong-lanceolate, erect-spreading, long-acuminate,
cm. wide, coriaceous, plicate. 3 in a sessile, leafy-bracted head, campanulate, violet or (entirely in the specimens seen from Peru) white and yellow, or white with a yellow spot on the lip (in poor
long.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or up to 24.7 cm. long and 6.7 Flowers terminal, large and showy, 1 to (rarely)
condition in the specimens examined). Sepals oblanceolate-oblong, about 6-7 cm. Petals broader. Lip large, convolute about the column below, spreading
and crisped-undulate above, apparently broadly oval or rounded in outline, traversed by 7 approximate, narrow keels. Column much shorter than the lip.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas (Central Cordilleras

2700-3300 meters,
in
rocky
soil, rare,
Williams 7602
of the Andes), (this collection
77
has a withered flower, but the identification is probably correct). Cajamarca: Prov. of Jaen, Valley of the River Tabaconas, 1700-1800 Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Potrero, meters, Weberbauer 6272.
on slopes at 1300 meters, Vargas 1848. Prov. of Quispicanchis, Marcapata Valley, between Chaupichaca and Mamabamba, 1500 meters, "shrubwood on stony places near the river," 1 meter high, flower white with a yellow spot on the lip, Weberbauer 7817. Huanuco: Divisoria, 1500-1800 meters, flower white (agglutinated), Ferreyra 1638. Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Oreja Capelo, "cajando a San Ramon," 1500 meters, flowers white, Ochoa 636. Loreto: Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and Moyobamba, 600-1200 meters, epiphyte in forest, "fls. white and pale yellow," Klug 0.4- Near Tarapoto, Spruce, fide Orch. Rev. 40: 258. 1932. Puno: Prov. of Sandia, Sto. Domingo area, 1550 meters, epiphytic, McCarroll 85. San Martin Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters, terrestrial in mountain forest, "fls. white & golden-yellow," Klug 3403. Also Venezuela (type), Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia.
:
Though the disc of the lip was originally described as smooth, a fragment from Linden 615 (cited in the type description) in Herb. Ames 20378 shows several narrow keels on the lip. This character is also mentioned in a very illuminating account of "Sobralia violacea alba" in Orchid Review 40: 258. 1932.
Sobralia Weberbaueriana Kranzl. Fedde Repert.
1: 188. 1905.
Plant robust, up to 5 meters tall. Stem very leafy above with progressively shortened and scurfy internodes. Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, plicate, coriaceous, up to 30 cm. long and 9-10 cm. wide near the base. Racemes lateral,
less fractiflex, few-flowered. Pedicellate ovary about 3.5 cm. long, much exceeding the ovate-triangular bracts. Flowers large, apparently fleshy, purple. Dorsal sepal oblong, acute, about 4.5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-ovate, rather broader and shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals
more or
broadly oblong or elliptic, nearly twice as broad as the sepals, with the margin undulate but not lobed. Lip simple, very broadly ovate, wider than long, about 3.5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide near the base when expanded, obtuse or lightly emarginate at the apex, cordate at the base, strongly undulate on the margins except at the very base; disc provided with a thick, sulcate protuberance at the very base, adorned with 5 keels slightly diverging and denticulate above and in front suddenly broken up into little plates. Column almost semicircular, thickened at the apex.
lightly
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, mountains west of Huacapistana, 26003000 meters, in open humid forest intermingled with shrubs, Weberbauer 2076.
aid of a
This diagnosis was compiled from the type description, with the photograph of the type in the Berlin Herbarium.
78
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
Reichb.
30
WULLSCHLAEGELIA
f.
A small group of inconspicuous, leafless terrestrials recorded from Guatemala and Honduras, through the West Indies and in South America to southern Brazil and Paraguay.
Roots a cluster of slender, fibrous tuberoids. Stem slender, simple, provided with very small, remote sheaths. Inflorescence racemose, few- to many-flowered, loose to subdense. Flowers very small. Perianth parts more or less connivent. Sepals oblong, lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate (rarely ovate-lanceolate), the lateral ones very oblique below and extended into a prominent, more or less elongate spur. Petals similar to the sepals, oblong to lanceolate or spatulateoblong. Lip uppermost, simple to (rarely) obscurely 3-lobed, longitudinally concave. Column very short, stout, truncate above.
Wullschlaegelia calcarata Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. 18: 342. 1881; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 243, t. 57, fig. 2. 1895.
Plant rarely up to 5 dm. tall. Roots slender-fusiform, fascicled or sometimes separated in verticils. Stem slender, erect, often flexuous or decumbent near the base, finely pubescent especially above, provided with a few, remote, inconspicuous sheaths. Racemes few- to many-flowered, dense in immaturity, loose in course of development. Flowers very small, white or creamy white. Perianth
segments connivent, membranaceous. Sepals short-pubescent, but not glandular. Dorsal sepal broadly oblong, longitudinally concave, acute, 1-nerved, about 2 Lateral sepals about equally long, triangular-oblong, very (1.5-2.3) mm. long. oblique at the base and extended into a prominent, oblong-ovoid spur about 2 mm. long. Petals obliquely spatulate-oblong, slightly broader than the dorsal Lip about as long as the lateral sepals and entirely included by them, sepal. broadly oblong or obovate-oblong, longitudinally concave, attenuate to rounded and apiculate above. Column minute, stout.
Hudnuco: Prov.
13170.
of Huanuco, Tingo Maria, in forest, Asplund Also Trinidad, British Guiana, French Guiana and Brazil.
GOMPHICHIS
Lindl.
Plants terrestrial, with stout, fascicled, fibrous roots. Stem simple, erect, leafy especially near the base. Leaves elliptic to linear-oblong, the lower blades narrowed to a petiole, the upper blades reduced to herbaceous bracts. Inflorescence a dense (or more rarely loose) terminal spike, many-flowered. Perianth usually deflexed from the ovary. Floral bracts membranaceous, as long as the flowers or shorter. Sepals free, subequal. Petals narrower, often ciliate to fimbriate. Lip
uppermost, shortly clawed, concave or conduplicate, simple or 3-lobed. Column clavate, reflexed-arcuate or sigmoid-curved, often villous; clinandrium membranaceous-dilated.
Anther
erect, 2-celled.
Al.
A2.
Inflorescence loosely flowered, often very loose

Inflorescence densely flowered (at least in age), often very dense

la.
79
Flowers large, sepals 11

lanceolate
mm.
or
more
long; petals narrowly rhombicG. Macbridei
Ib.
Flowers relatively small, sepals 4.5 rhombic-lanceolate
mm.
or less long; petals not narrowly

1
la.
Spike about 30 cm. long; perianth 3
mm.
long; petals broadly
elliptic.
G. plantaginea
Ib.
Spike about 16 cm. or
less long;
perianth 4.5
mm.
long; petals obovate. G. longiscapa
2a.
Lamina of the lip oblong-ovate, provided in the anterior central half with a conspicuous thickening, truncate-obtuse or lightly retuse at the apex G. plantaginifolia when spread out Lamina
of the lip broadly ovate or rhombic-ovate, acute or obtuse
2b.
3a.
Sepals elliptic-ovate or obovate, about 3.5-5
3b.
4a.
Sepals oblong or elliptic-oblong, about 7 Lip distinctly contracted above the middle into a broadly
lobule; leaves cauline as well as basal
mm. long mm. long
G. viscosa
4
ligulate, fleshy G. goody eroides
4b.
Lip not distinctly contracted above the middle; leaves apparently only
basal 5
5a.
Plant large, about 16 dm. tall; leaves up to 25 cm. long and 2 cm. wide; cauline sheaths distant; flowers whitish; sepals subglabrous. .G. Koehleri
.
5b.
Plant relatively short, about 6.6 dm. tall; leaves about 13 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide; cauline sheaths approximate; flowers yellowish-cream-color; G. Koehleri var. minor sepals pilose
Gomphichis goodyeroides
Stenoptera goodyeroides Reichb.
Lindl. Gen.
f.
& Sp. Orch. 447. 1840. Bonpl. 4: 211. 1856.
Plant 6 dm. or more tall, stout. Stem glabrous below, tomentose above. Leaves mostly clustered near the base; basal blades oblanceolate, acute, gradually narrowed into sheathing, imbricated petioles, about 20 cm. or more long, up to 5 cm. wide; cauline blades elliptic-lanceolate, sessile, sheathing, becoming sheathSpike very dense, many-flowered, oblong-cylindric, tomentose, up to 7.2 cm. long. Floral bracts lanceolate, tomentose, equaling the flowers. Flowers greenish white. Ovary densely tomentose. Sepals more or less tomentose on the outer surface. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, obtuse, deeply concave, about 7 mm. long. Lateral sepals ovate-oblong, oblique, more or less acute. Petals narrowly obovate or broadly oblanceolate, sparingly ciliolate, obtuse. Lip subequally large, tubular-involute in natural position, ovate in outline when expanded, contracted on each side near the apex, obtuse; disc fleshy-thickened and minutely papillose through the center above the middle and bicallose at the base, papillose-velutinous beneath. Column sigmoid when viewed from the side, clavate above, densely pubescent in front in the middle.
like.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews s.n. (type). Huanuco: Panao, about 2700 meters, Macbride 3605. Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 125. 1921. Also Ecuador.
Gomphichis Koehleri
Schltr.
t.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

104, nr. 408. 1929.
9: 50. 1921;
Gomphichis
80
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
goodyeroides Kranzl. ex Weberb. Pflanzw. Peruv. And. 251. 1911, non Lindl.
Terrestrial, about 16 dm. tall. Stem stout, glabrous below, densely glandularpuberulent toward the apex, with several distant, clasping, acuminate sheaths. Leaves basal, 4, erect-spreading, ligulate, acute, up to 25 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Spike narrowly cylindric, very densely many-flowered, about 8-15 cm. long. Floral bracts oval, subacuminate, about equaling the flowers. Flowers inverse as in the genus. Ovary densely glandular-pilose. Sepals subglabrous on the outer surface. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong, obtuse, about 7 mm. long. Lateral sepals
subobtuse. Petals obliquely oblanceolate-obovate, obtuse, shortly ciliate except near the base and apex. Lip uppermost, ovate in outline, cucullate, broadly obtuse at the apex and rounded at the base, with the lower excavated half provided with 3 parallel thickened lines and the anterior half
obliquely oblong,
fleshy-thickened.
Column
geniculate-arcuate, villous in front in the middle.
Junin: Chanchamayo, E. Koehler s.n. (type). On the mountains west of Huacapistana, 3000-3100 meters, Weberbauer 2062.
Gomphichis Koehleri
Mus.
Leafl.
Schltr. var.
minor
C. Schweinf. Bot.
Harvard Univ.
16:
1.
1953.
Plant stout, about 6.6 dm. high, differing from the type in
vegetative
size.
much
smaller
Leaves basal or sub-basal, 5-6, oblong-ligulate, slightly narrowed below, up to 13 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide. Stem nearly concealed by about 8 tubular, acute sheaths. Raceme densely many-flowered, about 8 cm. long. Sepals conspicuously pilose without. Flower parts closely similar to those of the
type.
restrial in
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Tres Cruces, 3600 meters, humus of forest glade, Vargas 2257.
ter-
Gomphichis longiscapa
9:
125.
1921.
(Kranzl.) Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. Cranichis longiscapa Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb.
37: 394. 1906.

pilose above, with
Plant about 50-63 cm. tall. Stems erect, glabrous below, gradually glandularfew remote sheaths of which the lower are larger and tubular-
sheathing.
long.
ceolate, acuminate, gradually
Leaves basal, rosulate, 3-8, elliptic-oblanceolate or oblong-oblannarrowed to an indistinct petiole, about 12-36 cm. Spike narrowly cylindric, loosely many-flowered, up to about 10-12 cm.
Floral bracts ovate, acuminate, densely glandularsubequaling the flowers. Ovary and outer surface of the sepals more or less glandular-pilose. Flowers small. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong (oblong, as cited), acute, concave, about 4.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, acute.
long; rachis densely pilose.
pilose,
Petals obliquely obovate, subacute, fimbriate especially on the anterior margin. Lip rhombic in outline, lightly 3-lobed above, deeply concave, obtuse or subacute, broadly cuneate at the base, about equally long with the sepals, somewhat broader than long; disc provided with a central callose line which passes into the large, hairy, sulcate callus occupying the middle lobe. Column sharply reflexed near the base and thus sigmoid, gradually dilated upward, very hirsute.
81
Cuzco: Prov. of Convencion, Hda. "Amaibamba," on open slopes, Vargas 3629. Puno: On road from Sandia to Chunchusmayo, between the Tambo Yuncacoya and Ramospata, 2000-2400 meters, on the border of a thicket, Weberbauer 1334 (type of Cranichis
longiscapa Kranzl.).
Gomphichis Macbridei
Univ. 9: 58,
t.,
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard

8.
1941.
Figure
Plant tall, stout, terrestrial, about 8.8 dm. high. Stem stout, glabrous below, densely tomentose above, mostly concealed by strict, linear-lanceolate sheaths with a long tubular base. Leaves basal, rosulate, 5-6, oblong-linear, acute or short-acuminate, imbricating at the sheathing base, up to about 26 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide. Spike elongate, loosely many-flowered, 18-19 cm. long (with the
upper portion immature in our specimen). Floral bracts triangular-lanceolate, long-acuminate, about equaling the mature flowers. Flowers large for the genus. Sepals and petals densely pubescent without. Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, deeply concave, subacute to obtuse, about 11 mm. long, forming a galea with the petals. Lateral sepals elliptic-lanceolate, markedly larger than the dorsal sepal, slightly oblique. Petals narrowly rhombic-lanceolate from an oblique base, obtuse, densely fimbriate except at the apex and near the base, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. Lip short-clawed, lightly 3-lobed near the base, tubular-involute with the lateral lobes incurved and embracing the column in natural position, broadly rounded or subtruncate at the apex, about 11.5 mm. long including the claw; lateral lobes semiorbicular; mid-lobe spatulateoblong; disc fleshy-thickened through the center. geniculate below the middle, about 7.5 mm/long.
Column
retrorse-arcuate or
Huanuco: Yanano, about 1800 meters, on grassy

bride 3839.
slopes,
Mac-
Gomphichis plantaginea
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

104, nr. 409. 1929.
9: 50.
t.
Plant terrestrial, tall, up to 12 dm. high. Stem strict, slender, glandularwith about 7 distant, acuminate, clasping sheaths. Leaves basal, 6-8, erect-spreading, lanceolate-ligulate, acuminate, gradually a little narrowed toward the base, 18-25 cm. long, 2.7-4 cm. wide in the middle, rather thin in
pilose,
texture.
Spike
bracts
strict, elongate,
Floral
flowers.
elliptic-lanceolate,
rather laxly many-flowered, about 30 cm. long. acuminate, commonly almost equaling the
small.
Ovary densely glandular-pubescent. Flowers inverse as in the genus, Sepals sparingly glandular-puberulent on the outer surface. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong (oblong, as cited), subobtuse, concave, about 3 mm. long. Lateral
Petals obliquely elliptic, subobtuse, sepals similar, obliquely elliptic-oblong. ciliate on each side with retrorse hairs. Lip shortly clawed, about 3 mm. long, broadly ovate in outline; lamina suborbicular, concave at the base, abruptly contracted to an ovate-rounded anterior lobe; disc excavated below, with an
oblong, sulcate cushion-callus extending from the middle to the apex and entirely
GOMPHICHIS
JchureznJ.
l FIG. 8. Gomphichis Macbridei C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X /i- 2, flower with ovary, from side, natural position; X 2. 3, lip and column from side; X 2. 4,
dorsal sepal;
2.
5, petal;
2.
6, lateral sepal;
2.
7, flower,
expanded;
2.
82
83
Column shorter than the rest of the perianth, concealing the anterior lobe. abruptly geniculate-reflexed near the middle, densely puberulent.
Junin:
Chanchamayo
Valley, Kohler s.n.
Gomphichis plantaginifolia C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 217. 1944. Stenoptera plantaginea Schltr. Fedde Repert. 10: 446. 1912; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 58: t. 13, nr. 50. 1930. Gomphichis plantaginea Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 10: 60. 1922, non G. plantaginea Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 50. 1921.
Plant terrestrial, more or less stout, erect.
Stem up
to about 8.5
dm.
high,
leafy (especially at the base), glabrous below, tomentose or glandular-pubescent near the inflorescence. Leaves elliptic-oblanceolate to elliptic, the basal blades
usually tapering to a long sheathing petiole (thus oblanceolate), the cauline blades often sessile, usually acute, more or less remote above, up to about 19 cm. long including the petiole and 2.5 cm. wide. Spike very dense, many-flowered, up to
Floral bracts lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 13 cm. long, oblong-cylindric. commonly a little shorter than the flowers. Flowers inverse as in the genus, Dorsal Sepals densely glandular-puberulent on the outer surface. ringent.
sepal oblong-elliptic, obtuse or subacute, deeply concave, up to 7.6 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate-oblong, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or
Petals obliquely ellipticrarely obtuse, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. spatulate, obtuse or abruptly acute, subglabrous to distinctly pubescent on the outer surface, more or less ciliate, markedly narrower than the sepals. Lip
lightly recurved and tubular-involute in natural position, oblong-ovate in outline, cucullate at the base which is callose-thickened on each side, narrowed to an
oblong-quadrate apex which is truncate and more or less retuse when expanded, about 8 mm. or less long; disc much thickened through the center except at the base and apex. Column arcuate-recurved, pubescent in front in the middle.
Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, Choimacota Valley, 2900-3000 meters, "evergreen bush-wood," flowers greenish white, Weberbauer 7569. Cuzco Prov. of Paucartambo, 3500 meters, perianth white and
:
green, Vargas 3680. "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2800-2900 meters, in thickets and at edge of forest, flowers "pale olive buff,"
Prov. of Urubamba, near Wenner Gren ruins, 34003600 meters, on open grassy hillside in much fog and rain, Metcalf 30772. Prov. of Urubamba, Puyupata 3200 meters, on open Puno: grassy slope, flowers white with brown tinge, Vargas 2770.
Pennell 14097.
.
Prov. of Sandia, 5 km. north of Limbani, 3300 meters, on moist shady sphagnum bank, Metcalf 30520. Also Bolivia (type of Stenoptera plantaginea Schltr.).
Gomphichis viscosa
6:
(Reichb.
f.)
Schltr.
f.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

Bonpl. 4: 211. 1856;
51.
1919.
Stenoptera viscosa Reichb.
Cogn. Martius
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 253. 1895.
84
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
Plant tall, up to over 10 dm. high. Stems more or less robust, glabrous below, densely glandular-puberulent above, provided with several large, tubular, acute sheaths. Leaves mostly basal or sub-basal, rosulate; lower leaves oblong-lanceolate
to elliptic-oblanceolate, acute or short-acuminate, gradually long-petioled at the base, up to about 30 cm. long including the petiole and 4 cm. wide; upper leaves
mostly sheath-like. Spike subdense to dense, many-flowered, to 23 cm. long. Floral bracts triangular to ovate-lanceolate, acute, puberulent to villous, a little shorter than the flowers. Ovary densely villous. Flowers small, apparently smooth on the outer surface. Sepals elliptic-ovate
remote,
sessile,
elongate,
up
to obovate, concave, 3.5-5 mm. long, more or less acute, the lateral ones oblique. Petals obovate-oblong to obovate or elliptic, distinctly ciliate except at the apex and base. Lip about as long as the sepals, rhombic to ovate-rhombic, slightly
broader than long when expanded, shortly clawed, acute to obtuse, concaveconduplicate, fleshy-thickened from the middle to the apex, shortly carinate on each side at the base, appearing more or less 3-lobed in front. Column rather long, abruptly reflexed near the base, villous especially in front.
Huanuco: Chinchao, Ruiz

viscosa).
&
Pavon
s.n.
(type of Stenoptera
Also Colombia, Venezuela and British Guiana.
STENOPTERA
Plants
terrestrial.
Presl
Stem fasciculate, more or less fleshy. commonly variable, simple, dwarf or tall, sparingly leafy or adorned only with sheaths above. Leaves crowded at the base of the stem or ascending the stem, narrowed below
Roots
or shortly petioled. Flowers either large and showy or small, either in a loose or dense spike, or subcapitate and crowded. Sepals subequal, the lateral ones con-
nate into a tube.
Petals narrower, smaller.
Lip uppermost,
elliptical,
oblong or
spatulate, clawed, flat or concave. above, commonly dilated upward.
Column
relatively long, straight or recurved
Al. A2.
la.
Plants dwarf, up to about 5 cm. high; inflorescence an abbreviated, S. ananassocomos subcapitate cluster Plants tall, 18 cm. or more high; inflorescence more or less elongate,
spicate
I
Lip
flat
or nearly so, membranaceous; flowers
commonly
large
and showy
Ib. la.
2 Lip strongly concave or tubular-involute, fleshy; flowers small Spike commonly 4-6 cm. across; flowers scarlet or red and white, large, S. pilifera sepals about 2.5 cm. or more long
Ib.
2a.
Spike 3 cm. or less across; flowers pure white, relatively small, sepals about 1.1 cm. or less long S. pilifera var. parviflora
Floral bracts glabrous without,
smooth or
ciliate
on the margin
.
2b.
3a.
Floral bracts pubescent without, finely ciliate
4
.S.
Sepals membranaceous, glabrous without; petals not ciliate. Sepals subfleshy, densely pubescent without; petals ciliate
montana
S. acuta
3b.
4a.
4b.
5a.
S. peruviana Lip fleshy throughout Lip fleshy below, with a thinner, reflexed-spreading, undulate apical
portion
Sepaline tube short; free portion of the lateral sepals elliptic-lanceolate, about 7 mm. or less long S. ciliaris

5b.
late
85
Sepaline tube elongate; free portion of the lateral sepals oblong-oblanceoS. laxiflora when mature, about 10.5 mm. long
Stenoptera acuta Lindl. Gen.

Martius
Schltr.
&
Sp. Orch. 447. 1840; Cogn.
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 252, t. 59, fig. 1. 1895.
Stenoptera elata
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 54. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih.
57:
t.
86, nr. 335. 1929.
Plant terrestrial, tall, up to about 1 meter high. Roots fasciculate, tuberousLeaves basal, 3-10, oblanceolate-ligulate to broadly oblanceolate, elongate. acute or short-acuminate, gradually narrowed to a broad sheathing petiole (with the bases imbricating below), up to about 42 cm. long and 4 cm. wide. Stem
glabrous below, sometimes sparingly pubescent above, provided with numerous tubular sheaths of which the lower ones have a foliaceous apex. Spike elongate-cylindric, subdensely many-flowered, up to about 30 cm. long; rachis tomentose. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, smooth or ciliate on the margin, the lower ones about equaling the flowers or longer. Ovary tomentose. Dorsal sepal ellipticFlowers small, greenish, densely tomentose without. oblanceolate or oblong-obovate, concave, acute, with the base adnate to the column, about 6 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate below into a short tube; free part obliquely obovate-oblong, up to about 8 mm. long. Petals falcate, oblanceolate-linear, fimbriate on the upper margins, shorter than the lateral sepals. Lip uppermost, 6-9 mm. long, adnate to the lower part of the sepaline tube, with the middle portion strongly cucullate and fleshy-thickened, the apical portion membranaceous, recurved-spreading, semiorbicular and lobulate-dentate and the lower portion short, abruptly narrowed and callose-auriculate on each side at the
stout,
base.
Column
slender, dilated above, shortly tomentose, retrorsely arcuate.
Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, Choimacota Valley, 3000 meters, "evergreen bush-wood," Weberbauer 7583. Road from Tambo above Osno to the Apurimac, 2800-3000 meters, Weberbauer 5651 (type of S. elata). Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, between Tanamanche and
Quellomayo, 3400 meters, on open slopes, Vargas 4469. Puno: Prov. of Sandia, 2-6 km. south of Limbani, 3550-3650 meters, "moist open moss mats," Metcalf 30438. Also Brazil (type of S.
acuta)
and Bolivia.
f.
Stenoptera ananassocomos Reichb.

Ind.
Is.
Griseb. Fl. Brit.
W.
640. 1864; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 254. 1895.
Plant dwarf, epiphytic, up to 5 cm. high. Leaves basal, rosulate, small, elliptic-obovate (rarely elliptic-oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic), up to 3 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide, sharply acute, cuneate-narrowed to a short-petioled base,
minutely ciliolate. Stem filiform, densely tomentose, sometimes adorned with an elliptic-linear or lanceolate, fimbriate leaf. Inflorescence an abbreviated, subcapitate spike in which the flowers are subtended and concealed by imbricating, ovate to lanceolate, erose-fimbriate bracts. Flowers very small. Ovary glabrous. Perianth segments membranaceous, 1-nerved. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolateoblong or linear, adnate to the column, obtuse, with a few stiff hairs near the apex
86
30
Lateral sepals connate into a tube surface, about 4-6 mm. long. at the base, free part subequal to the dorsal sepal, oblong-lanceolate or oblonglinear, complicate-acute with a dorsal, apical, fimbriate-serrate keel and scatter-
on the outer
ing stiff hairs. Petals narrowly to linear-oblanceolate, abruptly subacute. Lip similar to the petals, linear-cuneate, abruptly subacute with inrolled margins, adnate to the sepaline tube, about 5 mm. long. Column complanate, oblongcylindric, long-adnate to the sepaline tube.
Anther complanate-ovoid,
2-celled.
Jimin:
locality,
Chanchamayo
Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke 533.
Same
1400 meters, Schunke 1810. La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, about 1200 meters, in moss on coffee bush, Macbride 5657. Also
Jamaica
(type),
Cuba, and
Brazil.
Stenoptera
Univ. 9: 217,
Plant
lanuginose.
ciliaris C.
Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard

9.
t. 1.
1941.
Figure
terrestrial, tall,
Stem
with a cluster of tubular sheaths above.
dm. high. Roots fasciculate, tuberous, up more or less glabrous below, densely tomentulose above, about 4 crowded leaves near the base and scattering blades or
to about 7.4
stout,
Leaves oval or elliptic-oblong (near the base) to oblonglanceolate above, abruptly acute to short-acuminate, narrowed to a sheathing base, up to 22 cm. long and 5 cm. wide. Spike elongate-cylindric, up to 27 cm. long, many-flowered, subdense but looser toward the base. Floral bracts ovatelanceolate,
slightly shorter
long-acuminate, densely tomentulose without, finely short-ciliate, than the flower. Ovary and outer surface of the flower tomentose.
Flowers small, subfleshy, green or greenish white, with the lower part of the sepals tubular-concave and the apex reflexed. Dorsal sepal basally adnate to the column, elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, about 6 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate with the base of the lip into a short tube; free position obliquely elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, short-acuminate, somewhat larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals adnate to the sepaline tube, obliquely linear or oblanceolate-linear, subacute. Lip uppermost, basally adnate to the sepaline tube, tubular-concave in natural position, broadly ovate in outline when expanded, thinner above, lobulate-undulate at the subtruncate apex, about 7.5 mm. long, bicallose at the
base.
Column
relatively elongate, 5
mm.
long in front, retrorsely geniculate
above, densely pubescent.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 meters, in open woods, Killip & Smith 22521 (type). Same locality, in clearing, Killip & Smith 22615. Same locality, on open hillside, Cuzco: Machu-Picchu, Urubamba, 2000 Killip & Smith 22692.
meters, on
cliffs,
Vargas 1889.
Leafl.
Stenoptera laxiflora C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

Univ. 9: 219,
Plant
tall,
Harvard
tomen-
t.
2.
1941.
Figure
up
10.
stout, apparently
to 10.6
dm.
high.
Stem
stout, finely
tose, densely leaved below,
provided with numerous, close, tubular sheaths above. Leaves imbricating near the base of the stem, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-lance-
ci Claris
J*
FIG. 9.
\G. (Secure in/.

X A1
Stenoptera ciliaris C. Schweinf.
1,
plant;
2 , flower and ovary
from
side, natural position; 2^. 3, flower from front, expanded; 4. 4, lateral sepals and lip, natural position; 5, floral bract; 1J^.
X 2^.
87
88
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
acuminate, gradually narrowed below to a sheathing base, up to 21 cm. long including the sheathing base and 3.4 cm. wide, erect-spreading, gradually diminishing above into loose, tubular sheaths and finally into bracts. Spike elongateolate,
cylindric, loosely many-flowered,
up
to
about 26.5 cm. long, with a densely tomen-
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, tomentose without, surpassing the densely tomentose ovary but shorter than the flower. Flowers small, "white with yellow center." Sepals tubular-concave, with a recurved apex,
tose
rachis.
Floral
bracts
tomentose without.
to the
column below.
Dorsal sepal lanceolate-elliptic, subacute, 8 mm. long, adnate Lateral sepals connate at the base into a tube about 7 mm.
long; free portion obliquely oblong-oblanceolate, acute, commonly distinctly larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear or oblanceolate-linear, very abruptly
and obliquely subacute, about equaling the dorsal sepal
in length. Lip uppermost, tubular-involute with a recurved-flaring apical part in natural position, long-adnate to the sepaline tube at the base; free portion when expanded broadly spatulate-
obovate, with the lower part concave and very fleshy and the thin anterior part semiorbicular and lobulate, about 8.5 mm. long. Column long, slender, about 12 mm. long, retrorsely arcuate and lightly clavate above, with the posterior
surface long-adnate to the sepaline tube, tomentose in the middle in front.
Huanuco: Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Hacienda at mouth of Rio Chinchao, about 1070 meters, Macbride 5126 (type). Cayumba, near Tingo Maria, 800-900 meters, high tropical forest, Ferreyra 4215 (immature flowers smaller than typical).
Stenoptera montana C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.
Univ. 9: 220,
t.
Leafl.
Harvard
3. 1941.
Figure 11.
Plant terrestrial, rather slender, up to about 5.1 dm. tall. Roots fasciculate, numerous, slender-tuberous. Stem glabrous, provided with about 4 tubularcylindric sheaths which are acute at the tip. Leaves 4-5, crowded at or near the base of the plant, oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, gradually narrowed to the sheathing base, up to about 15.5 cm. long including the base and 2.5 cm. wide.
up
Spike slender-cylindric, loosely or subdensely flowered, commonly many-flowered, to 12.5 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, scarious,
longer than the pubescent ovary but shorter than the flowers. Flowers small, green, with erect lip and membranaceous, reflexed or spreading sepals and petals. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, basally adnate to the column,
5.2-6.2
mm.
long.
falcate, complicate-acute, basally
Lateral sepals obliquely linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, connate into a short tube, the free portion
Petals obliquely oblanceolatebeing somewhat longer than the dorsal sepal. linear, adnate to the column or to the sepaline tube, obliquely acute or obtuse. Lip
uppermost, fleshy, tubular-involute and narrowly elliptic in natural position, adnate to the sepaline tube, concave-obovate when expanded, obtuse, with the free part 8-9.5 mm. long, densely muriculate without. Column elongate, clavate and retrorsely geniculate above, pubescent, about 6.5 mm. long in front.
Huanuco: Mito, about 2760 meters, "in Bunch-grass uplands,"

Macbride 3357.
ST&NOPTBRA
and
FIG. 10. Stenoptera laxiflora C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X K- 2, flower, ovary floral bract from side (natural position) ; X 2. 3, flower from front (expanded) 2. 5, floral bract; X 2. 4, petal; X 4.
;
89
STBNOPTBRA
moniana
FIG. 11.
plant, upper half;
1, plant, lower half; X Stenoptera montana C. Schweinf. X H- 3, flower and ovary, partially expanded; X 2%.
K.
2,
4, lip,
showing attachment to
lateral sepal;
5.
5, petal;
5.
90

Stenoptera peruviana
91
Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 95, t. 14. 1827; Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 253. 1895. Spiranthes macrostachya Cogn. Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 8, t. 110, figs. a-k. 1838. Stenoptera macrostachya Reichb. f. Bonpl. 4: 211. 1856. Gyrostachys macrostachya 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 664. 1891.
Plant terrestrial, up to 6.6 dm. or more tall. Roots numerous, fascicled, Leaves confined to the basal and lower part of the stem with their bases usually imbricating, narrowly lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or ellipticlanceolate, up to about 20 cm. long and 2.8 cm. wide, acute or shortly acuminate (rarely obtuse), narrowed below to a long-sheathing base. Stem mostly shortly and densely pubescent, adorned with several ovate, amplexicaul, membranaceous,
tuberous.
acuminate sheaths.
flowered,
up
Spike elongate, narrowly cylindric, lax to subdense, manyto 20 cm. long; rachis tomentose. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, dorsally pubescent, shorter or longer than the ovary. Ovary and outer surface of sepals tomentose. Flowers small, white, or green and olivaceous yellow. Sepals in natural position tubular-concave with a more or less recurved
Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, acute or obtuse, apex. 1- to 3-nerved, basally adnate to the column, with the free part about 4-7 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a short tube below, free part obliquely oblongoblanceolate, acute or obtuse, 3- to 4-nerved, larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate-linear, obtuse or acute. Lip uppermost, deeply tubular-concave or cucullate in natural position, fleshy, long-adnate to the sepaline tube, suborbicular-
obovate when expanded, with membranaceous, often denticulate margins, about 6-8 mm. long. Column slender, long-adnate to the sepaline tube, dilated and retrorsely arcuate above, tomentose on the upper part.
s.n. Amazonas: Near ChaHudnuco: On mountains, Haenke s.n. (type Stenoptera peruviana). Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu), in woods, s.n.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Pavdn
chapoyas, Mathews
of
Poeppig 1070 (type of Spiranthes macrostachya). Junin: Prov. of Cerro, Huariaca, about 3200 meters, in thicket, Asplund 11962. Uspachaca, about 2600 meters, on very rocky slope, Macbride & Featherstone 1312. Loreto: Near Tarapoto, on mountains along Rio Mayo, Spruce 4448.
Stenoptera pilifera (HBK.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 8: 185. 1940. Altensteinia pilifera HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 333, t. 73. 1816. Stenoptera cardinalis Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 448. 1840. Porphyrostachys pilifera Reichb. f. Xen. Orch.
1: 18.
1854.
Plant terrestrial, very variable in size, up to about 5.5 dm. tall. Roots numerous, tuberous, stout. Leaves often absent or reduced to withered remains at flowering time, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute,
fasciculate,
gradually narrowed to a sheathing base, confined to the basal or lower part of the stem, up to about 30 cm. long and 4.8 cm. wide. Stem stout or slender, glabrous, adorned (and often entirely concealed) by tubular-cylindric, scarious-membranaceous sheaths with a free, triangular-ovate, acuminate apex. Spike showy,
92
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
thick-cylindric, several- to many-flowered, subdense or dense, up to about 14 cm. Floral bracts cucullate-ovate, subhyaline, acuminate, long, 4-6 cm. across.
exceeding the glabrous ovary. Flowers relatively large, showy, glabrous, scarlet, or red and white. Dorsal sepal linear-oblong or oblanceolate-linear, acuminate, adnate to the column, about 2.5 cm. or less long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblanceolate-oblong to oblanceolate-linear, acuminate, long-connate into a slender tube at the base, free part up to about 3 cm. long. Petals commonly much narrower
Lip uppersepals, narrowly oblanceolate-linear, often much twisted. most, long-adnate to the sepaline tube below, oblong-oblanceolate or obovateoblong, acute or acuminate, long-narrowed at the base, flat or lightly concave, subequaling the lateral sepals. Column long, slender, dilated upward, adnate to the sepaline tube by the posterior surface, densely fine-pubescent.
than the
Peru: Habitat not recorded (Wilkes Exped. 1838^2). Habnot recorded, Weberbauer 5387. Huanuco: San Rafael, about 2600 meters, "river canyon slopes," Macbride 3130. Lima: Habitat not recorded, Cuming 977 (type of Stenoptera cardinalis). Along Rio Chillon below Obrajillo, 2400-2500 meters, on open rocky Along Rio Chillon, near Viscas, 1800-2000 slopes, Pennell 14433. on open rocky slope, Pennell 14464- Near Obrajillo, along meters, river banks, Mathews 678. Prov. of Conte, Yaso, about 2000 meters, Soukup 2828. Prov. of Huarochiri, above Surco, on road between Lima and Oroya, Ferreyra 660. Prov. of Lima, in lateral valley south of Matucana, 2400 meters, on steep rocky slopes in full
itat
exposure, Goodspeed 33074- Matucana, about 2400 meters, "steep loose southern shale slopes," Macbride Featherstone 126. San
&
Buenaventura, 2700-2800 meters, on open rocky 14507. Also Ecuador (type of Altensteinia pilifera).
slope, Pennell
Stenoptera pilifera (HBK.) C. Schweinf. var. parviflora C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 9: 222. 1941.
Plant terrestrial, up to 3.5 dm. tall, with only the remnants of leaves present at flowering time. Stem similar to that of the type. Spike thick-cylindric, dense, several- to many-flowered. Floral bracts long-acuminate, the lower ones somewhat surpassing the flowers. Flowers pure white. Dorsal sepal narrowly elliptic-
mm. long. Lateral sepals with the free part obliquely oblong-oblanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, acute, about 11 mm. long. Petals oblanceolate-linear, subacute. Lip with the free part oblong-elliptic, subacute,
lanceolate, acute, about 10.5
gradually narrowed below, about 10
mm. long. Column similar to that of the type.

soil,
.
Llata, on steep canyon slope, in loose, rocky about 2150 meters, Macbride & Featherstone 2301
Huanuco:
ALTENSTEINIA HBK.
Plant
terrestrial, arising
(Aa Reichb.
f.)
from a cluster
of fibrous roots, often
low and
in-
conspicuous.
Stem
simple, erect, adorned with sheaths, leafy at the base, leafless
93
or with a short, lateral rosette of leaves. Leaves, if present, ovate to narrowly ligulate. Inflorescence a many-flowered spike which is commonly dense and often
narrow and elongate.

thinly recurved-circinate
Flowers medium-sized or usually small.
Floral bracts
commonly
membranaceous and hyaline. Sepals and petals more or less and membranaceous. Sepals subequal, free or shortly connate
Petals smaller, often much narrower. Lip concave or calceiform, surrounding the column at the
at the base, spreading or reflexed.
uppermost,
sessile, flat,
base, entire or 3-lobed, commonly ciliate or fimbriate. footless, commonly dilated above.
Column
short, wingless,
Al.
Lip
flat
or nearly so
relatively large, lip 8.5
when mature, elliptic-ovate mm. or more long
to suborbicular; flowers
A. fimbriata
lip
A2.
la.
Lip strongly concave or cucullate; flowers relatively small,

6
commonly
I
mm.
or less long
Floral bracts twice or Floral bracts
more surpassing the
flowers,
very conspicuous. A. paleacea

1
Ib.
la.
little
surpassing the flowers or shorter
Lip entire
on the margin
A. marginata
2
Ib. 2a.
Lip denticulate to lacerate or fimbriate

Inflorescence conic or cylindric-conic; plants Inflorescence cylindric, often elongate
commonly dwarf
3 6
2b.
3a.
Lip distinctly 3-lobed or with a large
and conspicuous apicule
3b.
4a.
4b.
5 Lip not distinctly 3-lobed Dorsal sepal and petals obovate to linear-spatulate; petals lacerateA. nubigena fimbriate above; mid-lobe of the lip short, semiorbicular Dorsal sepal and petals oblong-ligulate or linear; petals minutely serrulate A. Weberbaueri above; mid-lobe of the lip oblong-ligulate
5a.
5b.
Anterior part of the lip irregularly erose-dentate Anterior part of the lip lacerate or fimbriate.
A. chiogena
brevis,
6a.
6b.
7a.
A. paludosa (A. Lip not truly calceolate, tubular-concave Lip strongly calceolate; stem often very slender
A. pumilio)
7 8
7b.
8a.
A. longispicata A. elliptica Lamina of the lip deeply 3-lobed, with the mid-lobe much smaller than the lateral lobes; sepals ovate-triangular A. Weddelliana
Plant very tall, over 5 dm. high; leaves ligulate Plant low, about 16 cm. tall; leaves short, oblong-elliptic
8b.
9a.
Lamina
Opening
of the lip not distinctly 3-lobed

of the lip
minutely denticulate
A.
calceata
9b.
lOa.
Opening of the lip lacerate to fimbriate Plant dwarf, about 6.5 cm. tall; stem very slender, with form sheaths
Plant
taller,
10
loose, infundibuli-
A. inaequalis
lOb.
monly
lla.
15 (rarely 10) cm. or more tall; stem stout or slender, comwithout very loose, infundibuliform sheaths 11
Petals obliquely lanceolate-triangular
A. Mandonii
12
lib.
12a.
Petals not triangular, either ovate, ligulate or oblong-oblanceolate Floral bracts closely erose-dentate; lip carinate through the middle.
Floral bracts not erose-dentate; lip not carinate through the middle.
A. erosa
12b.
.
.13
94
13a.

Petals ovate or ovate-elliptic Petals ligulate or oblong-oblanceolate
30
A. Rosei A. Matthewsii
13b.
Altensteinia calceata Reichb.
Aa
calceata Schltr.
Plant
terrestrial,
f. Xen. Orch. Fedde Repert. 11: 150. 1912.
3:
19.
1878.
merous tuberoids, apparently
with a fascicle of nuglabrous, almost altogether concealed by imbricating, tubular, hyaline, acute or acuminate sheaths. Spike cylindric, very densely many-flowered, up to 4.8 cm. long. Floral bracts Flowers minute, broadly triangular-ovate, hyaline, subequaling the flowers. Dorsal sepal ovatewhite, apparently blackened in drying, mostly glabrous. oblong, obtuse, 1-nerved with the nerve vanishing below the apex, about 2 mm.
commonly
slender, 1.3-5.7
dm.
tall,
leafless at flowering time.
Stem
long.
oblong or
Lateral sepals markedly longer, obliquely oblong or ligulate, acute. Petals Lip uppermost, linear, circinate, lightly falcate, obtuse to acute.
calceiform, suborbicular or minutely fimbriate.
when viewed from the front, with the opening denticulate Column very short and stout, with a retuse rostellum.
Hudnuco: Yanahuanca, about 3000 meters, on southern slope, low shrub "formation," Macbride & Featherstone 1158. Puno, fide
Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 126. 1921.
Altensteinia chiogena (Schltr.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Lean. Harvard Univ. 16: 2. 1953. Aa chiogena Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 10: 35. 1922; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 134, nr. 524. 1929.
Roots fasciculate, stout-cylindric. Leaves on a short, separate shoot, about 4-5, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acute or acuminate, gradually narrowed below, up to about 1.8 cm. long and 7 mm. wide. Stem altogether concealed by hyaline, imbricating,
Plant small, up to 10 cm.
tall.
radical
and rosulate or
fascicled
loosely infundibuliform sheaths. Spike cylindric-conic, densely many-flowered, up to 2.7 cm. long. Floral bracts hyaline, suborbicular-ovate, with irregular
margins, subequaling the flowers. Flowers very small, glabrous, with erect sepals. Dorsal sepal oblong, obtuse or rounded at the apex, about 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong, a little longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear, obtuse,
more or
less falcate. Lip uppermost, strongly cucullate, hemispheric-ovate, broadly obtuse with the upper margins irregularly sharp-dentate or shortly lacerate-fimbriate, finely papillose on the posterior surface above, with 2 remote, small calli at the base, shorter than the sepals. Column short, dilated above, with a triangular, bidentate rostellum.
Peru: Pinasniocj, Panticalla Pass, about 3600 meters, Cook Gilbert 1306. Also Bolivia (type).
&
The Peruvian
the Bolivian type.
collection
is
markedly larger vegetatively than
Altensteinia elliptica C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard

Univ. 15:
3, t. 2.
1951.
Figure 12.
O. Ocfiureinfi.
FIG. 12. Altensteinia elliptica C. Schweinf. 1, plant; Vs. dorsal sepal; X 4. 4, petal; X 4. 5, lateral sepal; X 4. 6, panded; X 4. 7, column and summit of ovary; X 8.
3,
2, flower;
lip,
3.
partially ex-
95
96
30
Plant small, about 16 cm. high. Roots fascicled, tuberous, numerous. Leaves 4-5, clustered near the base of the stem and surrounded by several imbricating sheaths, oblong-elliptic, more or less acute, narrowed to a broad sheathing base,
up to about
8.5 cm. long
and
2 cm. wide.
Stem up
to the
raceme about 10.5 cm.
several loose, imbricating sheaths. Raceme densely many-flowered, thick-cylindric. Floral bracts ovate, acute or acuminate, sparingly Flowers small, whitish green, membranaceous ciliate, shorter than the flowers.
high, entirely concealed
by
except the lip. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, subacute to obtuse, about 7.5 mm. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, complicate-acute. long. Petals equally long, obliquely oblanceolate-linear, subacute. Lip fleshy, dorsal, tubular-concave, ovate-elliptic in natural position, about 10 mm. long and broad
when
forcibly expanded, the opening being minutely erose-fimbriate. clavate from a slender base, about one half as long as the lip.
Column
Apurimac: Prov. of Grau, slopes of Seccsecka, 3850 meters, on rocks, Vargas 5771.
Altensteinia erosa Reichb. f. Otia Bot. Hamb. 51. 1878 and Xen. Orch. 3: 28. 1881. Aa erosa Schltr. Fedde Repert. 11: 150.
1912.
Plant about 22.5 cm.
tall,
apparently
leafless.
Stem
entirely concealed
by
numerous
Spike cylindric, densely many-flowered, about 3.7 cm. long; rachis glandular-pubescent. Floral bracts short, broadly ovate, retuse, erose-dentate, hyaline. Flowers minute, apparently
glabrous. Sepals lanceolate-ligulate, acute. Petals obliquely ligulate-oblanceolate, with the upper margins minutely erose. Lip calceiform with an inflexed, acute apex, carinate through the middle, with the margins of the opening laceratefimbriate.
loose, tubular, imbricating, hyaline sheaths.
Column very
short and stout, with large, inflexed lobes of the clinan-
drium.
Peru:
Atamasco,
in
Andes.
Puno,
fide
Schlechter,
Fedde
Repert. Beih. 9: 126. 1921.
This description was prepared with the aid of a record of this species with floral dissections from the Reichenbach Herbarium
in Vienna.
Altensteinia fimbriata HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 333, t. 72. A. sceptrum Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 1: 18. 1854, nomen subnudum. A. boliviensis Rolfe, Mem. Torr. Bot. Cl. 4: 265. 1895.
1816.
Plant terrestrial, 2.4 to about 18 dm. tall. Stem stout, leafy or leafy-bracted Leaves mostly clustered in a basal rosette, lanceolate-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute or acuminate, gradually narrowed to a sheathing base, up to about 3 dm. long and 4.8 cm. wide. Spike thick-cylindric, densely many-flowered up to about 2.2 dm. long. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, membranaceous, subequaling the flowers. Flowers relatively large, whitish, greenish, or yellowish. Sepals pubescent outside. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, acute, up to
8
mm.
long.
Lateral sepals elliptic-oblong to lanceolate-oblong, slightly longer
97
than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear to elliptic-linear or linear-cuneate, more or less ciliate. Lip erect, flat, or nearly so, suborbicular to round-ovate, densely shortfimbriate, rounded at the apex, more or less narrowed at the base, up to about 13 mm. long; disc commonly thickened, with a membranaceous border. Column
short, dilated above,
emarginate at the apex.
Apurimac: Prov. of Abancay, Quishuala, 3000 meters, Balls Cuzco: Colinares del Taxaihuaman, 3600 meters, Herrera 3506, 3503 (small form). Prov. of Calca, below Lares, 3100-3200 Machumeters, in open places in shrubwood, Weberbauer 7893. Picchu, Urubamba, 2000 meters, on rocky slopes, Vargas 2052. 01lantaitambo, about 3000 meters, Cook & Gilbert 388. Near Rio Quencomayo, below Colquipata, 3200-3300 meters, on rocky banks, Pennell 13788. Valle de Santa Ana, Bues 1920, fide Herrera, Sin. Junin: Huacapistana, 1800-2400 meters, Fl. Cuzco 1: 193. 1941. on open hillside, Killip & Smith 24241- Huariaca, about 2900 meters, on side of shrubby canyon, in yucca hedge, Macbride 3129. Yanahuanca, about 3000 meters, in shallow canyon soils, Macbride & Featherstone 1225. Lima: Rio Blanco, about 3600 meters, on rocks along river, Macbride & Featherstone 726. Prov. of Huarochiri, Also Infiernillo, about 3300 meters, on dry slope, Asplund 11338. Bolivia (type of Altensteinia boliviensis) Colombia, and Ecuador (type of A. fimbriata).
6897.
,
Altensteinia inaequalis Reichb.
f.
Xen. Orch.
3: 19.
1878.
Aa
inaequalis Schltr.
Fedde Repert.
11: 150. 1912.
Plant low, up to about 6.5 cm. high. Roots a fascicle of stout tuberoids. slender, nearly concealed by a few loosely flaring, infundibuliform sheaths. Spike short-cylindric, very densely many-flowered. Floral bracts transversely ovate, acute, denticulate, shorter than the flowers. Flowers very small. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate (oblong, as cited), obtusely acute. Lateral sepals
Stem very
Petals narrowly oblanceolate, oblique, Lip calceiform, hemispherical, with a large fimbriolate opening. Column stout, with a retuse, triangular rostellum.
longer, oblong-ligulate, dorsally carinate.
obtuse.
Peru: Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 126. 1921.

This diagnosis was prepared with the aid of records from the Delessert Herbarium in Geneva and the Reichenbach Herbarium
in
Vienna.
Altensteinia
longispicata
t.
C.
Harvard Univ.
Plant
tall,
9: 223,
4.
1941.
Schweinf. Figure 13.
Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
more
or less robust,
present in specimens seen).
up to 7.7 dm. high (base of the plant not Stem glabrous, provided with several leaves. Leaves
98
30
acuminate, with clasping, tubular-sheathing bases which are imbricating near the base of the plant, up to 15 cm. or more long and 2 cm. wide. Spike elongate, slender-cylindric, very densely many-flowered, up to 19.6 cm. long and 2 cm. in diameter. Floral bracts lanceolate-ovate, acute or acuminate, scarious, about equaling the flowers. Ovary densely pubescent. Flowers small, with memligulate,
branaceous sepals and petals and subfleshy lip. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate or obtuse at the cucullate apex, about 7 mm. long, dorsally
pubescent.
Lateral sepals elliptic-lanceolate, oblique below, acute, slightly longer sepal. Petals linear-oblanceolate, irregularly trun-
and narrower than the dorsal
cate at the apex, with fimbriate margins except near the base. Lip semiellipsoidcucullate in natural position, with fimbrillate margins, about 9.6 mm. long.
Column
small, clavate, with a pair of short, porrect ears at the apex.
Huanuco: Llata, about 2150 meters, "among yuccas on top

stone fence," Macbride
of
&
Featherstone 2254-
Altensteinia Mandonii Reichb.
f.
Xen. Orch.
3:
19.
1878.
Aa Mandonii
Schltr.
Fedde Repert.
11: 150. 1912.
Plant low, up to 17.8 cm. tall. Roots a cluster of tuberoids. Leaves lacking at flowering time. Stem slender, concealed by numerous cylindrical, acuminate, hyaline sheaths. Spike thick-cylindric, short, densely several-flowered, about 1.5 cm. long. Floral bracts transversely triangular-ovate, hyaline, much shorter
Flowers rather small, with a conspicuous mentum. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, obtuse, 1-nerved. Lateral sepals slightly longer, obliquely oblonglanceolate (ligulate, as cited), obtuse, 1-nerved. Petals obliquely oblong-triangular, 2-nerved. Lip calceiform, hemispherical, with a broad fimbriate opening.
than the flowers.
Column very short and stout, dilated above, retuse with a pair of curved arms, apparently extended into a foot.
Peru, fide Schlechter, Bolivia (type).
Fedde Repert. 11:
150.
1912.
Also
This diagnosis was prepared with the aid of records from the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna.
Altensteinia marginata Reichb.
f.
Xen. Orch.
3: 20.
1878.
Prescoltia pteristyloides Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 393. 1906. Altensteinia pterostyloides Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 126. 1921.
Plant up to 40 cm.
tall.
Roots a
fascicle of
numerous tuberoids.
Stem
glabrous, leafy below, mostly concealed above by loose, often leafy, tubular sheaths. Leaves 4-5, elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, gradually narrowed below to broad, sheathing, imbricating petioles, up to about
18 cm. long and 4 cm. wide. Spike long-cylindric, up to about 15 cm. long, densely many-flowered, with a glandular-pilose rachis. Floral bracts ovate or ovatelanceolate, acute or acuminate, shorter than or equaling the flowers. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate (oblong, as cited), acute, 3-nerved, about 6 mm. long. Lateral sepals equally long but narrower, ovate-oblong to narrowly lanceolate, 1- to 3nerved. Petals about equaling the sepals or longer, linear, 1-nerved, obtusely acute. Lip uppermost, cucullate or galeate, subrhombic or ovate when expanded,
AUTENSTEINIA
FIG. 13.
2 3/2.
3, lip,
Altensteinia longispicata C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X %. expanded; X 4. 4, petal; X 4. 5, lateral sepal; X 4.

4. 7,
2, flower: 6,
column
from front;
column from
side;
X
99
4.
100
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
long, exceeding the
rather fleshy, with thinner, entire margins, about 7.5 other segments. Column short, dilated above.
mm.
Ancachs: Prov. of Cajatambos, near Tallenga, 3600 meters, among herbage, especially grasses, Weberbauer 2869 (type of Prescottia
pteristyloides) .
9: 125. 1921.
Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. Also Bolivia (type of A. marginata}.
This diagnosis was prepared with the aid of records of the type A. marginata from the Reichenbach Herbarium and the Delessert Herbarium, as well as a photograph of the type of Prescottia pteristyloides from the Berlin Herbarium.
of
Aa
Altensteinia Matthewsii Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 3: 19. 1878. Matthewsii Schltr. Fedde Repert. 11: 150. 1912. Aa Lechleri Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 52. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih.
t.
57:
105, nr. 411. 1929.
rosette, usually withering in course of
Plant very variable, up to about 5.5 dm. tall. Leaves absent or in a basal development, elliptic to narrowly lanceolate-oblong, gradually narrowed to a petioled base, up to about 30 cm. long and 3 cm. wide. Stem slender or stout, usually wholly concealed by numerous tubularcylindric, hyaline sheaths with an infundibuliform, often reflexed apex. Spike Floral bracts triangularcylindric, densely many-flowered, up to 9.2 cm. long. ovate, acute, hyaline, subequaling or slightly surpassing the flowers, usually with a reflexed apex. Flowers very small, white or green and white. Dorsal sepal ovateoblong to lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, up to about 2.4 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong, longer than the dorsal sepal, up to about 4.5 mm. long. Petals narrower than the sepals, narrowly oblong-cuneate or elliptic-ligulate, commonly
irregularly denticulate above, obtuse. Lip uppermost, calceiform, more or less fleshy-thickened below, with lacerate-fimbriate margins to the opening. Column
very short and stout, dilated above, with a retuse rostellum.
Ayacucho: Between Huanta and Hacienda Pargora, 4200 meters, on open hillside, Killip & Smith 23302. Cuzco: Apurimac Valley, Herrera 3078. Prov. of Canchis, between Huantura and Combapata, 3466 meters, Vargas 5001. Prov. of Cuzco, 3520 meters, hill, on rocky slopes, Vargas 7042. Colinas del Taxaihuaman, 3600 meters, Herrera 3505. Kenko, 3550 meters, in clayey, stony soil, Vargas Prov. of Paruro, Hacienda Ayusbamba, Pico Sullcan, 4020 485. meters, Vargas 878. Prov. of Paucartambo, Hacienda Churu, 3500 meters, Herrera 1040. Same locality as last, 3400 meters, Herrera 2331. Cordillera of Pachatusan, Quebrada de Oropeza, Herrera
2603, fide Herrera, Sin. Fl. Cuzco 1: 194. 1941.
Huanuco: Mito,
about 2700 meters, on grassy western slope, Macbride & Featherstone 1809. Prov. of Pachitea, Panao, bushy slope, about 2800 meters, Asplund 13582. Junin: Prov. of Cerro, Huariaca, about 3200
101
meters, in open places in bush vegetation, Asplund 11961. Pariahuanca, Mathews 677 (type of Altensteinia Matthewsii). Lima: Rio
Blanco, about 3600 meters, in moist soil at base of rocky ledge, Feather stone 698. Macbride Pinasniocj, Panticalla Pass, about
&
3600 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1847. Puno: Agapata (type of Lechleri). Also Bolivia and Ecuador.
This species appears to be very variable as to vegetative presence or absence of leaves, form of the petals, etc.
Aa
size,
18. 1878.
Altensteinia nubigena (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. Myrosmodes nubigenum Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. I: 19, t.
1-10. 1854.
3:
8,
I, II, figs.
Aa
nubigena Schltr. Fedde Repert. 11: 150.
1912.
Plant low, up to about 12.7 cm. high. Roots a cluster of unequal tuberoids. Leaves forming a dense, rosulate cluster on a short lateral shoot; blades broadly ovate, up to 2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, narrowed to broad, imbricating, sheathing bases.
Stem
slender, mostly or wholly concealed
by
loosely flaring, hyaline,
infundibuliform sheaths which are obtuse, or retuse and apiculate.
Spike short, conic or cylindric-conic when young, densely many-flowered, up to about 4 cm. long at maturity. Floral bracts rounded, crenulate above, a little shorter than the
flowers. Flowers very small. Dorsal sepal oblong-obovate (spatulate, as cited), rounded at the apex when expanded, adnate to the column near the base. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-spatulate (oblong, as cited), rounded or subacute at the apex, connate below, up to about 7.2 mm. long, surpassing the rest of the perianth. Petals obliquely linear or linear-spatulate, with the upper margins sparsely lacerate-fimbriate, adnate to the column. Lip convolute around the column in
in front
natural position, quadrate-cuneate in outline when expanded, shallowly 3-lobed with rounded infolded lateral lobes and suborbicular-ovate mid-lobe, the
anterior margins densely fimbriolate; disc bicallose at the base. dilated above.
Column
slender,
Cajamarca(?), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 126. 1921. Also Ecuador (type).
This diagnosis was based largely upon two collections from Ecuador.
325. 1822.
Aa
Altensteinia paleacea (HBK.) Kunth, Synops. PI. Aequin. 1: Ophrys paleacea HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 334. 1816. paleacea Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 1: 18. 1854.
Plant
tall,
up
to 4.5
dm.
high.
Roots
fasciculate.
Leaves (when present)
forming a basal rosette, narrowly oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a petiolate base, the lamina being up to 16.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide.
Stem stout or
slender, entirely or mostly concealed by numerous hyaline, tubularcylindric sheaths with an often reflexed, long-acuminate apex. Spike cylindric, elongate, very densely many-flowered, up to about 13 cm. long. Floral bracts elongate, linear-triangular, hyaline, twice or
more surpassing the
flowers.
Flowers
102
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong to very small, white (drying brown), glabrous. oblong-lanceolate, subacute, up to about 3.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong, subacute, longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear-oblong, narrowed near the base, obtuse, with irregular margins. Lip uppermost, calceolate, laterally compressed, with the opening deeply lacerate-fimbriate, up to nearly 5 mm. long. Column short, dilated above with a retuse apex.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 126. 1921. Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3800-3900 meters, on open grassy banks on paramo, Pennell 13838. Prov. of Canchis, Valle del Vilcanota, Sicuani, 3550 meters, Hicken 1903,
fide Herrera, Sin. Fl.
Cuzco 1: 193-4, 1941. Junin: Prov. of Cerro, between Cerro de Pasco and La Quinua, about 3900 meters, on Also Ecuador (type), Colombia, and Bolivia, cliff, Asplund 11876.
fide Herrera.
Altensteinia paludosa Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 3: 19. 1878. Myrosmodes nubigenum Kranzl. ex Weberb. Pflanzenw. Peruv. And. Aa brevis Schltr. 84. 1911, pro parte, non Reichb. f. in synon. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 51. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57; t.
Aa
105, nr. 410. 1929. pumilio Schltr.
Aa paludosa Schltr. Fedde

Fedde Repert. Beih.
105, nr. 412. 1929.
Repert. 11 150. 1912.

:
9: 52. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 57:
t.
Roots fascicled, tall (rarely taller). Leaves 3-5, fascicled at the summit of a short lateral shoot, elliptic-lanceolate or ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, narrowed below to broad, sheathing, imbricating petioles, lamina up to about 2 cm. long and 1 cm.
Plant very small, up to about 7 cm.
tuberous, often unequal.
wide.
Stem
entirely concealed
by
loosely flaring, hyaline, imbricating sheaths of
which the upper ones are retuse at the apex. Spike conic or cylindric-conic, very densely many-flowered, up to about 2.5 cm. long. Floral bracts transversely oval or suborbicular, erose-dentate above, hyaline, a little shorter than the flowers. Flowers minute, glabrous, white. Dorsal sepal ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, adnate to the column below, up to 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals broadly oblong, very oblique, obtuse, erect, connate near the base, longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely oblong to linear-spatulate, obtuse to subacute, with the
upper margins more or less irregular. Lip uppermost, calceiform, hemispherical with the two lower sides involute and the margins of the opening lacerate-dentate, minutely bicallose at the base. Column short, stout, dilated above.
Cuzco: Cerro de Colquipata, 3900-4000 meters, on open grassy puna, Pennell 13747. Lima: Alpine mats near Oroya, at the end of the Lima-Oroya Railway, 4300 meters, Weberbauer 1715 (type of Aa brevis). High Andes above Lima, 4500-4600 meters, Weberbauer 5173 (type of Aa pumilio). Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, 4600 meters, wet grassland, Vargas 7160. Fauchinta, Allinccapac, Also Bolivia (type of Altensteinia paludosa) and Venezuela.
103
Altensteinia Rosei (Ames) L. 0. Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 7: 137. 1939. Aa Rosei Ames, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
35: 81. 1922.
Plant tall, slender, up to about 4.1 dm. high, without leaves at flowering time or with a separate cluster of several small, narrowly lanceolate or ellipticlanceolate, petioled blades. Roots a fascicle of numerous tuberoids. Stem entirely concealed by numerous, imbricating, tubular-cylindric, hyaline sheaths of which
up to about
the long-acuminate apex is often reflexed. Spike cylindric, densely many-flowered, 4.5 cm. long (but immature above), with tomentose rachis. Floral bracts ovate-triangular or triangular-lanceolate, acute, white-hyaline, with ir-
regular upper margins, about equaling the flowers. Flowers minute, crowded, glabrous. Dorsal sepal ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse or acute, about 2 mm. long. Lateral sepals oblong, very oblique, concave, more or less acute, with the upper
margins minutely erose, longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, obtuse or subacute, with the upper margins irregular. Lip uppermost, calceiform, subhemispheric, with the margin of the opening subtrilobed and
irregularly lacerate-fimbriate except near the base, with a pair of fleshy calli below.
Column very
short and stout, dilated above, retuse at the apex.
Mrs. J. N. Rose 19039 (type). Paucartambo Cuzco: Mr. Puno: Valley, Hacienda Pfuyucalla, 3400 meters, Hen era 2976. Prov. of Carabaya, Valley of Antapampa-Juro Juro, 4100 meters,
on grassy slopes, Vargas 6846.
&
Altensteinia Weberbaueri (Schltr.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Harvard Univ. 16: 2. 1953. Altensteinia paludosa Kranzl. ex Weberb. Pflanzenw. Peruv. And. 84. 1911, pro parte, non Reichb. f. in synon. Aa Weberbaueri Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 53. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 105, nr. 413. 1929.
Leafl.
on a short
elliptic
Plant small, erect, 7-13 cm. tall. Roots fasciculate, fleshy. Leaves basal, lateral shoot, not fully developed at time of blooming, 4-5, rosulate,
1
about
or ovate-elliptic, acute, narrowed to a sheathing petiole, with the lamina cm. long and 6 mm. wide. Stem glabrous, mostly concealed by 3-4 loose,
flowered,
cucullate-clasping, opaque, obtuse sheaths. Spike conic, very densely 5- to 15up to 3 cm. long. Floral bracts opaque, suborbicular, obtuse or subacute,
Flowers medium-sized for the genus, Sepals oblong-ligulate, obtuse, suberect, 6 mm. long, the lateral ones Petals obliquely linear, obtuse, with the upper margins irregusimilar, oblique.
glabrous.
almost entirely concealing the flowers.
Lip uppermost, cucullate-concave, broadly obovate in outline, long, with a conspicuous, incurved, obtuse, oblong-ligulate apicule or lobule at the apex, densely fimbriate except on the basal and apical margins.
larly serrulate.
mm.
Column rather long

lum.
for the genus, with
an oblong, apically tridentate
rostel-
Lima: Near
Jauli,
4400 meters, alpine mats of the Hacienda
Arapa, Weberbauer 283.
104
30
3: 19. 1878.
Aa
Altensteinia Weddeliana Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. Weddeliana Schltr. Fedde Repert. 11: 150. 1912.
Plant 3 dm. up to nearly 6 dm. tall. Roots fasciculate, tuberous. Leaves of the mature plant on a separate, abbreviated, basal shoot, rosulate; blades apparently cuneate-ligulate. Stem more or less slender, almost entirely concealed by tubular-cylindric, imbricating, membranaceous, acute sheaths which waste away in course of development. Spike cylindric, densely many-flowered, about 7-9 cm. long. Floral bracts triangular-ovate, shorter than the flowers. Flowers very small. Sepals triangular-ovate, obtuse, the lateral ones oblique, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals falcate-ligulate or elliptic-oblong, oblique, obtuse. Lip uppermost, calceiform, with the margins of the opening 3-lobed and
fimbriate; lateral lobes relatively large, semiovate; mid-lobe small, ovate-suborbicular. Column very short and stout, with a retuse, 3- to 5-lobed rostellum.
Peru, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. 11: 150. 1912. Cuzco: Valle del Urubamba, Hacienda Silque, 2750 meters, Herrera 1689,
Cuzco 1: 194. 1941. Also Bolivia (type) and perEcuador and Argentina. haps This diagnosis was amplified by reference to records of the type from the Delessert Herbarium in Geneva and the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna.
fide Herrera, Fl.
PRESCOTTIA
Lindl.
Terrestrial herbs, with a fascicle of tuberous (often fleshy) roots. Stem simple, slender or stout, adorned with several tubular-cylindric sheaths. Leaves radical and often rosulate, 1 to several, sessile or long-petioled, small or large,
membranaceous. Inflorescence a slender and usually elongate spike of numerous, very small, inconspicuous flowers. Sepals membranaceous, connate into a short cup at the base, spreading and often revolute above. Petals narrower. Lip uppermost, with its base adnate to the cup formed by the lateral sepals, strongly concavecucullate, fleshy, biauriculate at the base, with the margins of the opening entire.
Column very
Al.
A2.
short, often included
by the
tall;
lip.
Plant large, up to 9.4 dm.

yellowish green
Plant small, about 2.3 dm.
leaves long-petioled; flowers green or P. stachyodes or less tall; leaves subsessile; flowers white. P. tennis
Prescottia stachyodes (Sw.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, sub. t. 1916. 1836 and Gen. & Sp. Orch. 454. 1840; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, Cranichis stachyodes Sw. Prodr. Descr. Veg. pt. 4: 258, t. 61. 1895.
Ind. Occ. 120. 1788.
Prescottia colorans Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22:
t.
1916.
1836.
and
Prescottia petiolaris Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, sub t. 1916. 1836 Gen. Sp. Orch. 454. 1840. Prescottia longipetiolata Barb.
&
Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov.
1: 177. 1877.

Plant very variable, large and stout, about 3-9.4 dm.
tall.
105
Roots
fasciculate,
tuberous, stout. Leaves 2 or more, basal, long-petioled; lamina broadly ovate or oval to elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or shortly acuminate, cuneate,
rounded or subcordate below, up to 22 cm. long and 16 cm. wide; petiole elongate, up to about 31.5 cm. long. Stem (including the spike) commonly much exceeding the leaves, adorned with several loose, tubular-cylindric sheaths
stout or slender,
with the free part triangular-acuminate. Spike elongate, very narrow, manyflowered, dense except near the base, up to about 3.6 dm. long. Floral bracts
equaling or longer than the ovary, ovate, long-acuminate. Flowers very small, Ovary glabrous. Sepals and petals revolutegreen, rarely yellowish white. Dorsal sepal oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, up to circinate.
about 4 mm. long when expanded. Lateral sepals triangular-oblong, oblique, deeply connate into a cup at the base, obtuse, larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals Lip uppermost, deeply concave-cucullate, ovoid in outline with linear, obtuse. incurved entire margins, more or less fleshy, bearing a pair of prominent auricles at the base, about 6 mm. or less long. Column very short and stout, produced
into a relatively long foot.
Peru: Habitat not cited, Mathews 1875 (type of P. petiolaris). Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, on trail from Puyupata to Sayacmarca, 3600 meters, terrestrial in small forest, Vargas 2892. Junin:
1200 meters, Schunke 1120. La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, about 1200 meters, Macbride 5640. A widespread species, extending from Mexico and the West Indies (type of Cranichis stachyodes) through Central America to Brazil (type of Prescottia colorans and P. longipetiolata)
Chanchamayo
Valley,
Prescottia tenuis Lindl. Gen.
&
Sp. Orch. 454. 1840.
Plant small, very slender, inconspicuous, up to about 2.3 dm. tall. Roots subsessile or only tuberous, fasciculate, lanuginose. Leaves basal, rosulate, oval, narrowed at the base, acute, about 2.5 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide. Stem slender, at the base) glabrous, provided with several tubular-cylindric sheaths (imbricating with an elongate-acuminate apex. Spike slender, short, densely flowered above, Flowers minute, white, laxly flowered toward the base, about 4.2-5.8 cm. long. Dorsal sepal and petals reflexed. Dorsal sepal triangular-ovate, obtuse, glabrous. about 1.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals erect, similar to the dorsal sepal but a little the base. Petals elliptic-oblong or larger, oblique, acute, connate into a cup at mucronate oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse. Lip deeply cucullate, apparently bluntly reniform-ovate with the inner surface in natural position, lamina when expanded
papillose, biauriculate at the base,
about 1.5
mm.
long.
Column
.
small, stout.
:
Ayacucho Habitat not cited, Mathews 1862 (type) between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 1200 meters, on Ccarrapa, Picchu, 240( open hillside, Killip & Smith 22428. Cuzco: Huayna Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Chinchao, on meters, Scolnik 842.
Peru:
rather dry slope, Asplund 13147.
106
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
Lindl.
30
PSEUDOCENTRUM
simple,
Tall terrestrial herbs with stout, fibrous roots on a short rhizome. Stems more or less erect, leafy. Leaves several at the base, long-petioled, membranaceous, upper blades sessile and reduced to bracts. Inflorescence a terminal,
more or
free,
less elongate, spicate
raceme.
rather large.
Floral bracts membranaceous.
narrow, lanceolate, incurved. connate below, transversely oblong or triangular, often produced into an elongate, Petals linear-lanceolate. spur-like mentum. Lip uppermost, 3-lobed; lateral lobes oblong-triangular or hastate; mid-lobe falcate-lanceolate and acuminate or linear and channelled. Column dwarf; rostellum acuminate. Anther erect,
dorsal, 2-celled.
Flowers very numerous, medium-sized to Dorsal sepal lowermost in position, Lateral sepals shorter but much broader,
Al. A2.
Lateral sepals transversely broadly oblong, not produced at the base; raceme about 8.5 cm. long P. bursarium Lateral sepals triangular, produced at the base into an elongate, linear P. macrostachyum canal; raceme about 25 cm. long
Pseudocentrum bursarium
Reichb.
f.
Linnaea 41:
53. 1876.
Plant suberect from a short creeping rhizome, about 32 cm. tall. Leaves mostly congested at or near the base, long-petioled with the lower part of the petiole dilated and sheathing; lamina elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acute, up to about 6 cm. long and 2 cm. wide; cauline leaves remote, sessile, becoming sheath-like. Raceme thick-cylindric, densely many-flowered, about 8.5 cm. long. Floral bracts lanceolate, about equaling the rough ovary. Flowers medium-sized. Dorsal sepal
Lateral sepals much larger, transoblong-ligulate, incurved, acute, 3-nerved. versely and broadly oblong, very oblique, 3-nerved, forming a galea like Aconite. Petals linear-lanceolate, 1-nerved. Lip uppermost, 3-fid, included between the
lateral sepals; lateral lobes obliquely oblong-triangular; mid-lobe
much
larger,
lanceolate-falcate
when viewed from the
side,
acuminate.
Peru: Cintoc (Cuitoc?), in greenish white, Pearce s.n.
damp woods, 2700
meters, flowers
The measurements, the
description of vegetative
and flower
parts, as well as the data of collection, were taken from a copy of the dried specimen of Pseudocentrum bursarium (presumably the
type) bearing a floral analysis from the Reichenbach Herbarium in
Vienna.
Pseudocentrum macrostachyum
64. 1859.
Lindl. Journ. Linn. Soc. 3:
Plant terrestrial. Vegetative parts lacking. Inflorescence a densely manyflowered, elongate spike or spicate raceme, about 25 cm. long. Floral bracts lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, surpassing the slender ovary. Dorsal sepal ellipticLateral sepals much larger, lanceolate, acute, lowermost in natural position. obliquely triangular, connate in front and produced into an elongate canal which
is
slender, ascending, arcuate,
and
spur-like.
Petals linear-lanceolate or elliptic-

linear,
107
recurved near the apex, shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip membranaceous, 3-lobed, included between the lateral sepals; lateral lobes hastate, acute; mid-lobe linear, channelled, included in the canal formed by the lateral sepals and equaling it. Column dwarf, with an acuminate rostellum; anther dorsal, erect,
sessile,
apiculate, 2-celled.
Pollinia 4, pulveraceous.
Peru?: Valley of Lloa, Jameson s.n. Also Ecuador. While this species has been included, with an interrogation mark, in Schlechter's enumeration of Peruvian orchids (Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 125. 1921), it appears doubtful if this concept occurs in Peru.
The measurements, the interpretation of floral parts, and the data were derived from a sheet of the type of this concept (bearing pen drawings of the flower) in the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
PTERICHIS
Lindl. (Acraea Lindl.)
Plants terrestrial, with a cluster of tuberous roots. Leaves (if present) basal, few, rosulate. Stem simple, loosely sheathed. Spike loosely to subdensely fewflowered. Flowers medium-sized, with the lateral sepals and lip uppermost.
Sepals subequal, free, with the dorsal one pendulous. Petals narrower than the dorsal sepal, free or adnate to the dorsal sepal. Lip uppermost, sessile and sub-
adnate to the base of the column, very broad, concave, more or less 3-lobed; lateral lobes broad, surrounding the column; mid-lobe relatively narrow, recurved. Column very short and broad. Al.
A2.
la.
Lip not distinctly 3-lobed, at most abruptly contracted into a narrow

termination
I 1 Lip distinctly 3-lobed with sharp sinuses Petals unguiculate or strongly narrowed below, elliptic-lanceolate; lip P. galeata broader than long
Ib.
Petals not unguiculate below, ovate-lanceolate; lip as broad as long.
P. Weberbaueriana
la.
Ib.
Petals ligulate, not dilated in the middle or above; lip transversely elliptic, P. silvestris without recurved angles near the base Petals lanceolate or oblanceolate, distinctly dilated in the middle or above 2 the middle Petals elliptic-lanceolate, with the broadest part in the middle ... P. triloba Petals spatulate-oblanceolate, with the broadest part above the middle. .3 Spike 4- to 6-flowered; sepals about 7 mm. long; petals as long as the
dorsal sepal
2a.
2b.
3a.
P. leucoptera
3b.
Spike 10- to 14-flowered; sepals about 10

longer than the sepals
mm.
long; petals distinctly
P. macroptera
Pterichis galeata Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 445. 1840; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 9: 255. 1941. Prescottia barbifrons Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117, p. 19. 1916. Pterichis acuminata Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 56. 1920; Mansf.
108

17, nr. 61. 1929.
9: 127. 1921.
30
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. Fedde Repert. Beih.
Pterichis barbifrons
Plant terrestrial, up to about 7 dm. tall. Roots Leaf fascicled, tuberous. (when present) basal, solitary, petioled; lamina narrowly oblong to oblong-elliptic, up to 6.5 cm. long and 2.1 cm. wide. Scape glandular-pilose above, provided with several more or less distant, tubular sheaths. Spike sublaxly up to 16-flowered, about 7-13 (rarely 20) cm. long. Floral bracts ovate to lanceolate, shorter than or subequaling the ovary. Flower inverted, dull red, brownish red, yellow or greenish lined with brown. Sepals glandular-tomentose without. Dorsal
pendent, lanceolate, obtuse to acuminate, about 10
mm.
or less long.
sepal Lateral
sepals lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, lightly oblique, acuminate, subequally long with the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely lanceolate-elliptic, unguiculate or narrowed below, with a subacute or acute apex, more or less spreading and twisted. Lip concave-cucullate, reniform-ovate when
broadly
or subcordate, rather abruptly narrowed to a triangular or triangular-lanceolate, recurved tip, more or less broader than long, densely hairy on the upper surface especially on the terminal lobule, provided with a series of irregular glands near the margin, up to 8.4 mm. long. Column very short, characteristic of the genus.
expanded, cordate
Peru: Habitat not cited, Mathews 1882 (type of P. galeata) Cuzco: Villcabamba, Hacienda on Rio Chinchao, forested slope, about 1800 meters, Macbride 5155. Huanuco: Playapampa, about 2700 meters, on sphagnum bank, Macbride 4895. Piura: Cordillera
Huancabamba, 3300-3400 meters, in grass-steppe of slight periodicity, with scattered evergreen shrubs, Weberbauer s.n. (type of Prescottia barbifrons). Cajamarca and fide
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9:
east of
127.
1921.
Schlechter Junin, Also Colombia (type of P.
acuminata), Venezuela, and Bolivia.
Pterichis leucoptera Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 54. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 106, nr. 414. 1929.
terrestrial, up to 3 dm. tall. Leaves unknown. Scape with about 6 close sheaths, glabrous but minutely glandular-puberulent above. Spike up to 7 cm long, laxly 4- to 6-flowered. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, a little shorter than the ovary. Flowers inverted. Sepals glandular-tomentose on the outer surface, ovate, acute or acuminate, about 7 mm. long, the lateral ones oblique. Petals free, oblong-spatulate, obtuse, lightly oblique, equally long with the dorsal sepal. Lip cucullate-concave, reniform-semilunate when expanded, with an abrupt, terminal, recurved, oblong lobule, much broader than long, about 7 mm. long and 10 mm. wide; disc densely papillose, provided with numerous, irregular warts near the margin. Column very short.
Plant
Weberbauer 2206.
Junin: Mountains west of Huacapistana, 3100-3500 meters,
Pterichis macroptera Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 55. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 106, nr. 415. 1929.
109
Plant terrestrial, up to 6.5 dm. tall. Leaf unknown. Scape glabrate below, close minutely glandular-tomentose above, provided with several (5) remote, sheaths. Spike up to 15 cm. long, sublaxly 10- to 14-flowered. Floral bracts than or subequaling the ovary. elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, a little shorter Flowers inverted. Sepals ovate to lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, about 10 mm. the lateral ones oblique. long, minutely glandular-tomentose on the outer surface, Petals deflexed, oblanceolate (the lower third narrowly clawed), obtuse, about 14 mm. long. Lip cucullate-concave, broadly semilunate when expanded, abruptly narrowed to a small oblong, obtuse, apical lobe which is densely papillose, about 8 mm. long and 14 mm. wide; disc provided with several scattered, rounded
glands near the margin.
Column very
short, stout.
Loreto: Near
Moyobamba, Filomeno
s.n.
Pterichis silvestris Schltr. Fedde Repert. 10: 446. 1912.

Roots thick-cylindric, glabrate. Plant terrestrial, about 20-52 cm. tall. with leafless, glabrous below, densely glandular-puberulent above, provided Scape several remote, more or less close sheaths. Spike short, densely or sublaxly few-flowered. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, glandular-puberulent, usually or ovate-lanceolate, slightly exceeding the ovary. Flowers inverted. Sepals ovate acuminate, glandular-puberulent without, the lateral ones oblique, 6-7 mm. long. or linear-ligulate, subobtuse, apparently somewhat surpassing the Petals
ligulate
Lip cucullate-concave, transversely broad-elliptic when expanded, dis6 mm. long including tinctly 3-lobed with a small apical, reflexed lobule, about the apical lobule and 7 mm. wide; disc papillose, with a series of small glands near the anterior margin. Column short, dilated above.
sepals.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Puyupatamarca area (Wenner Gren National Park), 3200 meters, on open grassy slope, flower brown-red, Vargas 2753. Also Bolivia (type). The Peruvian collection is much higher than the type plant, the spike is rather loose, and the sepals
are
somewhat
longer.
Pterichis triloba (Lindl.) Schltr. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 45: 389. 1911; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 9: 255. 1941. Acraea triloba Lindl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 386. 1845. Pterichis seleniglossa Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
8: 42. 1921;
Mansf.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 57:

fusiform-cylindric.
76, nr. 295. 1929.
Plant terrestrial, very variable, about 12-77 cm. high. Roots fasciculate, Leaf (when present) solitary or rarely 2, basal, petioled; lamina oblong-elliptic, acute or subacute, gradually narrowed below, up to about 14.5 cm. long and 2.6 cm. wide. Scape glabrous or sparingly glandular-tomentose below, densely so above, provided with several close, distant sheaths. Spike lax to subdense, up to 20-flowered, 14 cm. or less long. Floral bracts ovate to lanceolateovate, glandular-pubescent, usually more or less shorter than the ovary. Flowers Sepals inverted, yellow, brownish yellow, or yellow-green lined with purple.
glandular-pubescent without. Dorsal sepal pendent, lanceolate or oblong-lanceoLateral sepals obliquely ovate to late, acute or acuminate, 8.5-13.5 mm. long.
110
30
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear-elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, oblique, acute or acuminate, about equally long
Lip cucullate-concave, sharply 3-lobed, when expanded reniform-lunate from a more or less rounded base, 6-8.6 mm. long, 9-14 mm. wide; lateral lobes semilunate, with a retrorse, rounded termination on each side;
with the dorsal sepal.
mid-lobe reflexed, usually markedly smaller, ovate, oblong-ovate or triangularovate, acute to rounded at the tip; disc pubescent, provided on each side near the margins with more or less numerous glands. Column short, stout.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Hartweg
s.n.
(type of Acraea triloba).
Ayacucho: Between Huanta and Hacienda Pargora, 4150 meters, on open hillside, Killip & Smith 22204- Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3400-3900 meters, on open grassy Huanuco: Mito, about 2760 meters, northslopes, Pennell 13889.
eastern slope in deep grasses, Macbride
small).
&
Feather stone 1494 (flowers
and altitude, on steep grassy slope, Macbride 3420. Lima: Along Rio Chillon, above Obrajillo, on rocky bank at river cascades, 3100-3300 meters, Pennell 14427 (flowers large). Puno: Prov. of Sandia, near Limbani, 3200-3450 meters, in moist, mossy mat on granite boulder (plant about one third buried), Metcalf 30478. Also Ecuador (type of P. seleniglossa)
locality
.
Same
Pterichis Weberbaueriana Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37:

391. 1906.
Plant terrestrial, up to about 4 dm. tall. Roots tuberous, stout, fascicled. Leaf solitary, long-petioled; lamina more or less narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 9 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide; petiole slender, about equally long with the lamina. Scape glandular-pilose throughout, provided with a few remote
sheaths.
Spike very loosely few- to several- (about 12-) flowered. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, equaling the ovary. Sepals and petals greenish brown, lip dull yellow striped with brown. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, suddenly
contracted above, acuminate, about 7 mm. long, the lateral ones oblique. Petals obliquely ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, equally long with the sepals or a little longer. Lip concave-cucullate in natural position, broadly cordate when expanded, narrowed into a solid, thickly fleshy, reflexed apex, 7-8 mm. long and wide; disc
papillose,
adorned near the margin with 2
series of large glands.
Column abbre-
viated.
Cajamarca: Above Hacienda La Tabena near Hualgayoc, 34003700 meters, in dense, frequently closed formation of herbs mingled with shrubs and grasses, Weberbauer 4012.
CRANICHIS
Roots often
Sw.
Terrestrial or epiphytic herbs, erect, often with a short or creeping rhizome. fascicled. Leaves commonly radical and rosulate, broad, spreading, membranaceous, sessile or petiolate. Scape simple, slender, sometimes tall, pro-
111
vided with a few distant, tubular sheaths or reduced leaf-blades. Flowers small, loose or crowded, spicate. Floral bracts short and inconspicuous. Flowers inverted, with the lateral sepals and lip uppermost. Sepals free, subequal, the dorsal one pendent, the lateral ones oblique. Petals commonly narrow, free, spreading. Lip uppermost, more or less concave, sometimes saccate at the base, sessile or clawed, usually simple. Column short or very short, with a large
rostellum.
Al.
A2.
la.
Petals distinctly Petals not ciliate
ciliate,
densely or sparingly so
Ib.
la.
Lip obovate when expanded, broadly rounded in front Lip ovate when expanded, narrowed toward the apex
C. ciliata
Ib.
2a.
C. Wageneri Lip distinctly 3-lobed at the apex, deeply saccate at the base. C. pycnantha 2 Lip entire, concave throughout
Sepals obovate-oblong; petals ovate-oblong, acute
C. multiflora
2b.
3a.
Sepals oblong-elliptic, oblong-ovate or ovate-oval; petals oblong to 3 spatulate-obovate, rounded to subacute at the apex Petioles much longer than the blades; upper part of the stem, rachis, and ovaries glandular-pubescent C. longipetiolata
Petioles subequaling or shorter than the blades; entire plant glabrous.
.
3b.
4a.
.4
Petals oblong to elliptic-linear, not markedly broader toward the apex. C. muscosa Petals cuneate-spatulate to spatulate-obovate, distinctly broader near the apex 5
4b.
5a.
5b.
Lateral sepals about 5 cuneate-spatulate Lateral sepals about 3.9
mm. mm.
or
more
long, ovate to oblong-ovate; petals C. calva
long, oval-ovate; petals spatulate-obovate. C. calva var. Vargasii
Cranichis calva (Kranzl.)

1921.
p. 20. 1916.
Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 128. Ponthieva calva Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117,
Plant epiphytic, about 14-27 cm. or more high.

fibrous,
Roots
fasciculate, stout-
or 2, long-petioled, very unequal in size; blade oblong-elliptic (oblong-lanceolate, as cited), short-acuminate, cuneate below, up to 18 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide; petiole slender, up to 8 cm. or more
less elongate.
1
more or
Leaves basal,
long.
smooth, provided with
Inflorescence slightly surpassing the leaf; peduncle below the raceme 1 or 2 remote, loose, foliaceous sheaths. Raceme spicate,
Floral thick-cylindric, loose to subdense, many-flowered, about 5-9 cm. long. bracts lanceolate, acute or acuminate, about half as long as the glabrous, slender
ovary. Flowers glabrous, small, white, the lip veined with purple or maroon. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, obtuse, up to 5.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate, subacute, as long as the dorsal sepal but much wider. Petals cuneatespatulate, obtuse, slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip uppermost, semiovate and
concave-conduplicate when viewed from the side, with a slightly recurved, broadly obtuse apex, 5-5.5 mm. long, very broadly ovate if expanded. Column short, clavate, laterally winged above.
112
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
Amazonas: Prov.
of Bongara,
VOLUME
30
Pomocochas
in
Quebrada Chido,
southwest of
village,
common in mountain rain-forest at 2400 meters,
Hodge 6137. Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, Vilcabamba, 2600 meters, in (This collection is openings in forest in humus, Vargas 4057. Piura: Prov. of Huanvegetatively large with very young buds.) cabamba, on the western slopes of the Cordillera east of Huancabamba, above Hacienda Chantaco (5 10 '-5 20' S. Br.) in "Hartlaubgebiisch," consisting of shrubs and trees, 2500 meters, Weberbauer 6314- (type of Ponthieva calvd).
&
Endl.) Cogn., and
This concept appears to be closely allied to C. multiflora (Poepp. may prove to be conspecific.
Cranichis calva (Kranzl.) Schltr. var. Vargasii C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 4. 1951.
Plant about 31 cm. tall, smooth throughout. Leaves mostly basal, 1 or 2, petioled; lamina obliquely elliptic, acute or short-acuminate, broadly cuneate below, up to 9 cm. long and 3.6 cm. wide. Peduncle up to the raceme 20 cm. high,
adorned below with 2 remote, small, elliptic leaves and with a smaller narrow bract. Raceme about 10 cm. long, rather densely many-flowered. Flowers whitish yellow, somewhat smaller than in the typical plant. Dorsal sepal lanceoLateral sepals obliquely late-elliptic, obtuse to subacute, about 3.7 mm. long. Petals spatulate-obovate, oval-ovate, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. broadly rounded at the apex, distinctly shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip similar to that of the type, about 3.5-3.8 mm. long.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc 2200 meters, in humus of dense forest, Vargas 2558.
Cranichis
Ophrys
ciliata
cilia ta
(HBK.) Kunth, Syn.

Gen. et Sp.
PI.
Aequin.
t.
1: 324. 1822.
HBK. Nov.
1: 334,
74. 1816.
C.
Man-
donii Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

135. nr. 529. 1929.
10: 38. 1922; Mansf.
Fedde Repert.
Leaves
Beih. 57:
1
t.
Plant variable, up to over 6 dm.
tall.
Roots
fascicled, tuberous.
to several, usually basal, often cauline as well; basal leaves long-petioled; blade ovate or elliptic to oval, rarely up to 17 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, more or less oblique, acute or acuminate, cuneate to rounded or lightly cordate at the base, glabrous; cauline leaves (when present) much smaller, sessile. Peduncle up to the raceme glabrous below, finely glandular-pubescent above, provided with a few,
remote, tubular sheaths. Raceme cylindric, subdensely many-flowered, up to 16.5 cm. long. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than to (more rarely) subequaling the ovary. Flowers very small, green or brown, often with white markings (rarely yellowish), inverted with the lip uppermost. Dorsal sepal elliptic, obtuse or subacute, concave, up to 4 (rarely 5.5) mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-ovate, subacute, a little shorter but more or less broader than the
dorsal sepal.
markedly
so), obtuse, shorter
Petals obliquely linear or oblanceolate-ligulate, ciliate (usually than the sepals. Lip concave-conduplicate when
113
viewed from the side, about 3.6 (rarely 4.6) mm. long, broadly obovate when expanded, rounded-obtuse or bluntly apiculate, with conspicuous, raised, reticulate
veins.
Column
of the genus.
Ayacucho: Ccarrapa, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, about 1500 meters, terrestrial in densely forested valley, Killip & Smith Prov. of La Mar, between Tambo and the Apurimac, below 22361 Yanamonte, 2600-2700 meters, Weberbauer 5W- Cuzco: "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2200-2400 meters, in forest, Pennell 13979. Prov. of Urubamba, forests of Tuncapata, 2800 meters, in shady forest, Vargas 2649. Prov. of Urubamba, Huinaihuaina,
.
in humus of forest, 2550 meters, Vargas 4102. Huanuco: Cani, 7 miles northeast of Mito, "in debris of stream-wood clearing," about 2600 meters, Macbride 3388. Huacachi, near Muna, about
about 2700 " Macbride 'Yapcha/ & Featherstone 1711. Muna, about 2100 meters, on mossy rock, Macbride 3930. Muna, about 2100 meters, "on floor of small dry wood," Macbride 4045. Junin: Carpapata, above Huacapistana, 2700-3200 meters, terrestrial in edge of forest, Killip & Smith 24415, 24439. Huacapistana, 1800-2400 meters, terrestrial in thickets and open woods, Killip & Smith 24216. Huariaca, about 2900 meters, on side of shrubby canyon, in dense shade, Macbride 3109. Also Mexico and Central America, Colombia, Venezuela (type of Ophrys ciliata), Ecuador, and Bolivia (type of C. Mandonii).
meters, in forest, Macbride 4118. meters, "in humus, eastern thicket-edge
.
.
2000
Mito,
Cranichis longipetiolata C. Schweinf. Am. Orch. Soc.

21:268,
Plant
t.,
Bull.
1952.
Figure 14.
Roots fasciculate, slenderLeaves basal, 1-2, long-petioled; lamina elliptic or oblongelliptic, oblique, acute, cuneate at the base, 8-11 cm. long, up to 4.3 cm. wide; petiole slender, channelled, up to 17.7 cm. long. Scape more or less surpassing the leaves, glabrous below, finely pubescent above, racemose at the apex, with 3-5 inconspicuous, remote sheaths, up to 39 cm. long. Raceme densely many-flowered, up to 5 cm. long with the apical flowers not developed. Flowers very small, white, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, acute, concave, about 3.9
tall for
the genus, about 3.9 dm. or less high.
tuberous, lanuginose.
mm.
Lateral sepals oval-ovate, acute or subacute, slightly shorter and long. broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate-linear, obtuse, more or less oblique or curved, shorter than the sepals. Lip deeply concave in natural position, suborbicular when expanded, more or less cuneate below, about 3 mm. long and 3.2 mm. wide; disc with 3 prominent nerves which are transversely anastomosing. Column very short and stout, with fleshy lateral wings.
Piura: Prov. of
Huancabamba, Canchaque, 1400-1600 meters,
Ferreyra 3120.
FIG. 14.
expanded (oblique view);
9.
Cranichis longipetiolata C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X Y^- 2, flower, X 9. 3, lip, spread out, from above; X 9. 4, petal; 5,. dorsal sepal; X 9. 6, lateral sepal; X 9.
114
115
Cranichis multiflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 248. 1895. Ponthieva multiflora Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 16, t. 123. 1838. Cranichis foliosa Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
Orch. 451. 1840.
Plant up to 6 dm. tall, entirely glabrous. Roots fascicled. Leaves mostly at or near the base; lower leaves petioled; lamina oblanceolate-elliptic, acute, up to 18 cm. long and about 5 cm. wide, gradually narrowed at the base; petiole chan-
7-10 cm. long. Cauline leaves similar but much smaller, sessile and longRaceme Scape above with 1 or more infundibuliform sheaths. Floral elongate-cylindric, subdensely many-flowered, about 11-15 cm. long. bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, much shorter than the ovary. Flowers very Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong (oblong, as cited), obtuse, small, white, glabrous. about 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, but somewhat larger throughout,
nelled,
sheathing.
Petals obliquely oblong-ovate, acute, as long as the dorsal oblique, acute. sepal but broader. Lip concave-cymbiform when viewed from the side, 2.5-3 mm.
long, oval
when expanded,
obtuse, verrucose within.
Column
of the genus.
Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), on Cerro de

on
fallen trunks of old trees,
S. Cristobal,
Poeppig
724 (type of Ponthieva multi-
flora
and Cranichis foliosa).
1788; Fawc.
Cranichis muscosa Sw. Prodr. Descr. Veget. Ind. Occ. 120. & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 1: 32. 1910.
Plant terrestrial, variable, about 9.5- (rarely) 75 cm. tall. Roots fasciculate, Leaves of two kinds. Basal leaves much the largest, rosulate, 2 to several, distinctly petioled; blade elliptic to oval or broadly ovate, acute or rarely short-acuminate, broadly cuneate to subcordate at the base, rarely up to 13.5 cm. long and 7.2 cm. wide; petiole slender or stout, channelled, up to 9.5 cm. Cauline leaves much reduced, commonly round-ovate, remote. Raceme long. spicate, several- to many-flowered, loose to rather dense, about 1.5- (rarely) 21 cm. Flowers very small, white, sometimes tinged with pink, lip often dotted long. with green or dark purple. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, obtuse, about 2.6-4 mm. long. Lateral sepals broadly semiovate or obliquely ovate, obtuse to acute, more or less larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblong, linear-oblong or obliquely elliptic-linear, glabrous. Lip sessile, concave, suborbicular to oblong-suborbicular when expanded, broadly obtuse to subacute, with 2 lateral longitudinal folds, 3-nerved with short transverse branches, about 3-4 mm. long. Column minute.
fibrous, lanuginose.
s.n.
Cuzco: Camino "Ccochayoc" to "Mercedes," 900 meters, Bues Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Tingo Maria, terrestrial on shady shore of river, Asplund 12976. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1652. Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1400-1700 meters, terrestrial in dense forest, Killip & Smith 24879.
Florida (U.S.A.),
West
Indies (type), and Mexico, to
Panama and
Colombia.
Cranichis pycnantha Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 62. 1920; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 19, nr. 71. 1929. C. Koehleri
116
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 55. 1921;
VOLUME
30
Schltr.
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih.
57:
t.
106, nr. 416. 1929.

Roots fascicusize, about 1.4-5.6 dm. tall. Leaves basal as well as cauline, largest near the base and
Plant terrestrial, very variable in

late, slender-tuberous.
gradually diminishing upward, elliptic to lanceolate-oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, with a sheathing base, the largest ones about 2 to 16 cm. long and up to 2.3 cm. wide, acute or subacute, cuneate-narrowed below. Stem glabrous below, finely pubescent above. Inflorescence spicate-racemose, about 2.5-21.5 cm. long, densely many-flowered, often lax at the base. Floral bracts
sessile or short-petioled
lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than or subequaling (rarely exceeding) the ovary.
Flowers very small, white, pubescent without. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, obtuse or subacute, concave, 2-3.25 mm. long. Lateral sepals ovate or broadly ovate, larger than the dorsal sepal, oblique, obtuse or subacute. Petals ligulate-oblong,
obtuse, somewhat narrowed near the base, equaling or somewhat exceeding the dorsal sepal. Lip concave-conduplicate, about as long as the dorsal sepal, saccate
at the base, 3-lobed above; lateral lobes semiobovate with a short, rounded, free portion, surrounding the column in natural position; mid-lobe much smaller,
semiorbicular, broadly ovate or transversely oval, obtuse or subacute.
Column
minute.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 Smith 22531. Cuzco: meters, terrestrial in open woods, Killip Prov. of Convention, upper valley of Rio Sambray, western affluent of the Vilcanota, about 1750 meters, terrestrial along forest trail,
&
Valley, Machu-Picchu, about 1600 meters, Machu-Picchu, on wooded slope, Hunnewell 15.942. Urubamba Valley, San Miguel, about 1800 meters, Cook & Gilbert 922. Prov. of Urubamba, Sta. Rita, on road to Tuncapata, 2000 Prov. of Paucartambo, Sta. Isabel, 1500 meters, Vargas 2679a. Huanuco: Pozuzo, about meters, on border of slope, Vargas 7285. 600 meters, on steep banks, Macbride 4711. Cueva Grande near Pozuzo, about 1000 meters, on shaded slope, Macbride 4808. Junin Huacapistana, 1800-2400 meters, terrestrial in thickets and open woods, Killip & Smith 24189. Near La Merced, Kohler s.n. (type Pichis Trail, Dos de Mayo, 1700-1900 meters, in of C. Koehleri). dense forest, Killip & Smith 25879. Pichis Trail, Porvenir, 15001900 meters, terrestrial in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25896. Pichis Trail, Yapas, 1350-1600 meters, in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25443. Loreto: Boqueron del Padre Abad, on road between Huanuco and Pucallpa, 400-500 meters, in forest, Ferreyra 1124- Prov. of Coronel, Portillo, Divisoria, 1500-1600 meters, in dense evergreen Also Colombia and Ecuador (type of C. forest, Ferreyra 2226.
Mexia 8062. Urubamba

Balls 6811.
pycnanthd)
Cranichis Wageneri Reichb. f Linnaea 41 19. 1876. Cranichis pilosa Fawcett & Rendle, Journ. Bot. 47: 265. 1909; Fl. Jam. 1: 33,
. :

t.
117
5, figs.
1-3. 1910.
Cranichis Viereckii Ames, Sched. Orch. 7:1.
1924.
Plant terrestrial, slender, variable, 1.4-3 dm. high. Roots fibrous, fasciculate. Leaves basal, 1 or 2, very unequal, distinctly petioled; lamina ovate, oblong-ovate or elliptic-ovate, up to 11.7 cm. long and 7.5 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, rounded or subcordate at the base; petiole relatively short, slender, channelled, up to 3 (rarely 6) cm. long. Stem glabrous below, finely pubescent above, provided with 4-6 remote, close, tubular sheaths. Racemes short-cylindric, sublaxly to densely few- to many-flowered. Floral bracts ovate to lanceolate, glabrous, acuminate, shorter than to subequaling the glabrous ovary. Flowers small, glabrous, white, green or brown, sometimes tinged with pink. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, concave, acute or usually acuminate, about 4 mm. or less long.
Petals slightly shorter, linear or linearLateral sepals very similar, oblique. lanceolate, provided with long hairs on the margin. Lip ovate or triangular-ovate, more or less acuminate, deeply concave, about 3.5 mm. or less long, 3-nerved with
the lateral nerves transversely branching.

long-rostrate.
Column
of the genus; rostellum rather
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 Smith 22750. (Plant meters, terrestrial in dense forest, Killip vegetatively small.) Also Mexico and Central America (where often
&
abnormal), the West Indies (type of C. pilosa), Colombia (type of C. Viereckii), and Venezuela (type of C. Wageneri).
BASKERVILLA
Lindl.
Terrestrial or epiphytic herbs with fasciculate, fibrous roots. Stem simple, with a few leaves at or near the base. Leaves conspicuously petioled; lamina elliptic to obovate-oblong or oblanceolate, cuneate below. Flowers very small, in a densely many-flowered, spicate raceme. Sepals spreading, free. Petals narrow, spreading, adnate to the base of the column. Lip uppermost, concave-cucullate, ovate when expanded, with a short, subglobose sac at the base. Column short, clavate, with a bilobed appendage at the base in front; anther stipitate, 2-celled.
Baskervilla assurgens Lindl. Gen.
&
Sp. Orch. 505. 1840.
Plant medium-sized, 16-31 cm. high, glabrous. Leaves clustered near the base, prominently petioled, erect-spreading, a little shorter than the inflorescence; lamina oblanceolate, oblong-obovate or elliptic, acute or acuminate, more or less gradually narrowed below, up to about 14 cm. long and 5 cm. wide. Peduncle up to the raceme more or less concealed by about 3 loose, tubular, acute sheaths. Raceme cylindric, densely many-flowered, about 6-12 cm. long. Floral bracts lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, membranaceous, about equaling the flowers. Flowers very small, white. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, concave, acute, about 5 mm. long. Lateral sepals subequal, very oblique. Petals lanceolate-linear, obtuse, a little shorter than the sepals, adnate to the column near its base. Lip uppermost, deeply concave and slightly shorter than the sepals in natural position, ovate when expanded, obtuse, about 5 mm. long, extended at the base into a short, subglobose sac. Column clavate, winged on each side above, provided at the base in front with a bilobed appendage.
118
30
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1888 (type). Prov. of Paucartambo, Kosnipata Santa Isabel, 1320
epiphyte, Vargas 5470. Beih. 9: 128. 1921.
Cuzco:
meters,
Puno,
fide
Schlechter,
Fedde Repert.
PONTHIEVA
usually lanuginose roots.
R. Br.
Plants terrestrial or very rarely epiphytic, glabrous or pilose, with fascicled, Leaves radical or subradical, ovate, elliptic or lanceolate, membranaceous. Scape more or less elongate, with sublax, terminal racemes. Flowers small to medium-sized, inverted, with the lateral sepals and lip uppermost.
from the column; the lateral sepals often larger, oblique and sometimes more or less connate. Petals usually strongly asymmetric, adnate to the column and inserted on it. Lip sessile or commonly distinctly clawed, with the claw adnate to the column and the lamina abruptly spreading from it, often
All the sepals free
very small.
Column
short or long, dilated above.
Plants extending from Virginia (U.S.A.) through the American

tropics to Argentina.
Al. A2.
la.
Ib.
la.
Leaves distinctly long-pilose or villous I 3 Leaves glabrous P. villosa Lip sharply 3-lobed at the apex, with acute sinuses 1 Lip not sharply 3-lobed, at most with broad, rounded sinuses Lamina of the lip distinctly and abruptly unguiculate with a prominent free claw P. chuquiribambae
Ib.
2a.
Lamina of the lip sessile or very indistinctly clawed 2 Lip when expanded obovate or subquadrate-obovate, very obscurely trilobulate at the broad apex; scape much exceeding the leaves .P. similis
.
2b.
3a.
Lip when expanded rhombic-lanceolate or rhombic-oblanceolate. P. inaudita
3b.
4a.
Lip oblong in outline, sessile at the base, with a prominent callus near the apex P. diptera Lip not oblong in outline, prominently clawed; lamina ovate, obovate or 4 subquadrate, without a callus near the apex
Petals linear-spatulate,
more or
less
symmetrical
P. Sprucei
4b.
5a.
Petals obliquely triangular or ovate-triangular, with a distinct claw .... 5
5b.
6a.
6b.
7a.
7b.
P. Mandonii Lip subtrilobed, without sharp sinuses 6 Lip sharply trilobed, with sharp and often re-entrant sinuses Claw of the lip terminating in a pair of linear, fleshy horns P. bicornuta Claw of the lip without a pair of linear horns 7 Petals and lip attached to the column near its base; lip long-clawed, without calli at the apex of the claw P. Weberbaueri Petals and usually lip attached to the column near its middle or above; lip short-clawed, commonly with a subconical, cucullate callus at the apex of the claw 8
. .
8a.
Plant small and slender, usually 12 cm. or less (very rarely up to 17 cm.) high; lip small, lamina about 2.8 mm. long, with the outer margins straight or nearly so P. oligoneura

8b.
119
Plant medium-sized to large, 15-30 cm. (very rarely 12 cm.) high; larger, lamina 3-4 mm. long, with the outer margins strongly curved.
lip .9
9a.
9b.
Claw and lamina of the lip horizontally spreading from the column or P. lilacina ascending; base of the lamina abruptly cordate Claw and basal part of the lamina of the lip U-shaped and upcurved (when seen from the side); base of the lamina rounded to subtruncate.
P. montana (P. venusta)
Ponthieva bicornuta C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

Univ. 15:
Roots
5, t. 3.
Leafl.
Harvard
1951.
Figure 15.
Plant terrestrial, medium-sized for the genus, about 4.8 dm. or less high. fibrous, lanuginose. Leaves 3 or 4, mostly near the base and rosulate; basal leaves 3, oblong-elliptic to narrowly obovate, acute or short-acuminate, below narrowed to more or less distinct, basally imbricating petioles, about 18 cm. or less long including the petiole, 1.2-3.2 cm. wide; upper leaf much smaller, lanceolatePeduncle up to the raceme glabrous below, sparingly glandularelliptic, sessile. pubescent above, provided with 3-5 remote, close sheaths. Raceme loosely manyflowered, the densely glandular-pubescent rachis 14-20 cm. long. Floral bracts Flowers ovate-lanceolate, clasping, much shorter than the pedicellate ovary. nearly glabrous, white with outer surface of the sepals green and green lines on the petals. Dorsal sepal elliptic, subacute, about 6.3 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-ovate, obtuse, broadly rounded on the anterior margin, a little longer and much broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals adnate to the lower third of the column, oblong-semihastate or triangular ovate, obtuse, with a narrow cuneate claw, about as long and broad as the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the lower third of the column in front by a stout claw which is semicircular when viewed from the side, erect and parallel to the column; claw mostly occupied by a complanate, semiorbicular callus terminated by a pair of linear, spreading, recurved horns; lamina concave-conduplicate in natural position, ovate-subquadrate when expanded, subcordate at the base, sharply 3-lobed in front with a small, suborbicular-obovate, concave middle lobule, about 4.8 mm. long and 4 mm. wide. Column stout, about 4 mm. high.
Junin: Prov. of Tarma,
Agua Dulce, 2400
meters, in highland
dwarf
forest,
Woytkowski 35457.
Leafl.
Ponthieva chuquiribambae (Kranzl.) A. & S. Bot. Mus. Harvard Univ. 4: 38. 1936. Pleurothallis Chuquiribambae Kranzl. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 44: 327. 1930.
Plant low, caespitose, up to about 1.3 dm. tall, densely villous throughout. Leaves basal, rosulate, up to 7, elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, cuneate below, up to about 9.5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide. Scape (with inflorescence) more or less exceeding the leaves, with one small leaf in the middle. Raceme laxly few- to several-flowered. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, lightly concave, up to 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an Petals ovate, shortly bidentate lamina, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. adnate to the apex of the column, shortly clawed, very oblique, narrowly semilanceolate or elongate-dolabriform, obtuse. Lip very small, about 1.5 mm. long,
PONTHIEVA
FIG. 15.
panded;
sepal;
3.
Ponthieva bicornuta C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X H3, column and lip from side, natural position; X
2, flower, ex3. 4, lateral
X 3H120
121
adnate to the summit of the column in front, with an abrupt oblong claw; lamina broadly triangular, lightly 3-lobed. Column very small.
Chuquiribamba?, 3690 meters, Lehmann
s.n.?
Ponthieva diptera Linden
&
Reichb.
f.
Bonpl. 2: 278. 1854.

tall.
Plant terrestrial, medium-sized to large, up to about 9.5 dm.
Roots more
or less fasciculate, coarsely fibrous, numerous, lanuginose. Leaves clustered at or near the base, 3 to 8, long-petioled; lamina ovate or ovate-lanceolate to elliptic,
acute or acuminate, more or less cuneate below, often oblique, up to 13 cm. long and 5.7 cm. wide; petiole channelled, dilated and sheathing in the basal portion,
long. Scape strict, very sparingly pilose below and more so above, provided with about 3 distant, tubular sheaths of which the lowest is foliaceous. Raceme loosely several- to many-flowered (the immature apical portion very dense), about 7-25 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, dorsally pubescent, much shorter than the densely pubescent, pedicellate ovary. Flowers carmine and yellow. Dorsal sepal narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, about 8.6 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-obovate, acute, a little longer and much wider than the dorsal sepal. Petals adnate to the apex of the column, from a distinct claw gradually dilated into a transversely oblong, oblique blade. Lip adnate to the apex of the column in front, very small, about 3 mm. long, narrowly oblong in outline, obtuse, longitudinally concave, with an erect, obtuse angle on either side of the callose base and with a conspicuous, transverse callus near the decurved apical part. Column slender, about half as long as the sepals.
up to 11 cm.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, "bosques de Tuncapata (Sta. Rita)," 2800 meters, in humus of dense forest, Vargas 2652. Also Colombia (type) and Cuba.
Ponthieva inaudita Reichb.
f.
Linnaea 41:
18. 1876.
.
P. micro-
glossa Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 56. 1921; Mansf Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 106, nr. 417. 1929; non P. microglossa Schltr. Fedde
nr. 74. 1929.
Repert. Beih. 7: 64. 1920; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 20, P. Koehleri Mansf. Fedde Repert. 28: 93. 1930.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, densely villous throughout except for the
flowers.
Leaves basal, rosulate, 3 or
4, elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate,
acuminate, gradually narrowed into a petioled base; lamina up to about 19 cm. long and 3.2 cm. wide; petiole short, channelled, sheathing at the base. Scape shorter than the leaves or surpassing them and up to 35 cm. long in course of development. Raceme up to about 16 cm. long at maturity, loosely few- to manyflowered. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, about 1.5 cm. or less Lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate or suborbicular, concave, long. shortly bidentate lamina which is slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal but much broader. Petals inserted near the apex of the column by a long slender claw; lamina obliquely oblong-triangular or semihastate (often narrowly so), obtuse, with the lower margin near the claw extended into a pair of short horns or lobules. Lip very small, subsessile, inserted above the middle of the column, rhombic-
122
30
lanceolate, acute, concave-conduplicate, with a cucullate callus at the base, 4.5 mm. or less long. Column short, slender.
about
Peru: Habitat not cited, Warscewicz

chi,
s.n.
(type of Ponthieva
inaudita; description from part of raceme only).
Huanuco: Huaca-
near Mufia, about 2000 meters, on shaded slope, Macbride 4137. Junin: Near La Merced, Kohler s.n. (type of Ponthieva micro.
glossa)
Ponthieva lilacina C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

Univ. 9: 224,
ginose.
t. 5, figs.
Leafl.
Harvard
1-4. 1941.
Figure 16.
Roots fascicled, slender-tuberous, lanuPlant terrestrial, medium-sized. Leaves clustered at or near the base, 2-4, petioled; lamina oval to oblongelliptic or broadly oblanceolate, acute to short-acuminate, more or less gradually narrowed below, up to 12 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide; petioles up to about 5.5 cm. long, channelled, imbricating at the base. Scape slender, about 22 cm. or less tall, finely glandular-pubescent above and sometimes near the base also, provided with one small leaf near the base and with 2-3 remote, tubular sheaths above. Raceme few- to several-flowered, up to about 9 cm. long, very loose in the course of development. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, half as long as the elongate pedicellate ovary or less. Flowers rather small, lilac, with spreading segments. Sepals lightly glandular-pubescent without. Dorsal sepal elliptic or ovate-elliptic, acute, about 7 mm. long. Lateral sepals broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate, oblique, obtuse, about as long as the dorsal sepal but much broader. Petals adnate to the upper part of the column, conspicuously clawed; lamina very obliquely oblongtriangular or semihastate, obtuse to subacute, shorter than the sepals, more or less cellular-ciliate on the lateral margins. Lip clawed; claw short, spreading from the column at a right angle, with a pair of erect triangular calli at the apex; lamina conduplicate, about 3 mm. long, sharply 3-lobed in front, deeply cordate at the base, when expanded semiorbicular and up to 4 mm. wide; lateral lobes broad and semiobovate; mid-lobe small, ovate-oblong. Column very short, abruptly much dilated above.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hda. Sahuayaco, 900 meters, Vargas 1819. Prov. of Quispicanchis, Marcapata Valley, 1700-1800
meters, in "evergreen hard-leaved bushwood consisting of trees and shrubs in the shadow," Weberbauer 7842 (type).
Ponthieva Mandonii Reichb.

Martius
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 272,
t.
f.
Xen. Orch.
1895.
3: 18. 1878;
Cogn.
66, fig. 2.
late, glabrous, 6 or less,
Plant small or medium-sized, slender, up to 2.5 dm. tall. Leaves basal, rosuspreading, shortly or very shortly petioled; lamina elliptic to oblong-elliptic, acute, more or less narrowed below, rarely up to 6 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Scape glabrous below, finely glandular-pubescent above, provided with few (1-3) remote tubular sheaths. Raceme loosely few- to severalflowered, short, rarely up to 8 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate (oblong, as cited), less than half as long as the pedicellate ovary. Flowers small, white, with the ovary and sepals (especially the lateral ones) densely glandular-
PONTHIEVA
li-facina
FIG. 16. Ponthieva lilacina C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X 1. 2, flower from front, expanded; X 23^. 3, column and lip from side, natural position; X 5. 4, lip with claw from front, expanded; X 7^. P. similis C. Schweinf. 5, flower from front, expanded; X 1^- 6, column and lip from side, natural position; X 5. 7, lip, expanded; X 5.
123
124
30
Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic (ligulate, as acuminate, about 6-7 mm. long. Lateral sepals free, ovate to ovate-elliptic or ovate-lanceolate (oblong, as cited), acute or obtuse, lightly oblique, about as long as the dorsal sepal but distinctly broader. Petals adnate to the upper part of the column, long and slenderly clawed, subequaling the sepals; lamina very obliquely oblong-triangular, rounded or obtuse at the apex, with the outer margin concave and more or less irregular. Lip small, adnate to about the middle of the column, shortly clawed, up to 5 mm. long; lamina concave-conduplicate in natural position, when expanded ovate, subtrilobed above, obtuse, with a transverse, triangular, cucullate callus at the base. Column short, dilated above.
cited), acute or
tomentose without.
Cuzco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 128. 1921. Bolivia (type) and Argentina.
Also
Ponthieva montana
Cogn. Martius
venusta Schltr.
Lindl.
Benth.
t.
PL Hartw.
1895.
57.
155.
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 271,
66, fig. 1.
1845; Ponthieva
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
tall.
9:
1921; Mansf. Fedde

chiefly basal
Repert. Beih. 57:
107, nr. 419. 1929.

Leaves
Plant medium-sized, up to 3 dm.
and
rosulate,
glabrous, 2-5 at the base, tapering to a short or long petiole; lamina oval, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute, abruptly or gradually cuneate at the base, rarely up to 9 cm. long and 4 cm. wide; petioles channelled, sheathing and imbricating at the base,
to 4.5 (rarely 10.5) cm. long. Scape slender to stout, glabrous below, glandularpubescent above, with 3-5 small, distant sheaths of which the lowermost is often developed into a small sessile leaf. Raceme loosely few- to many-flowered, up to 12 cm. long, often nodding at the apex. Flowers small or rather small, white, often veined or spotted with green or brown. Sepals glandular-pubescent without. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-elliptic to ovate-elliptic, obtuse to acuminate, up to 7.6
up
Lateral sepals free, lanceolate-ovate to broadly ovate, (rarely 10) mm. long. oblique, obtuse to acute, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal and much broader. Petals adnate to the upper part of the column, short- or long-clawed, about
equally long with the dorsal sepal; lamina very obliquely triangular or ovatetriangular, acute to obtuse. Lip adnate to the middle or upper half of the column,
mm. or less long; lamina concaveconduplicate, when expanded round-obovate in outline, usually with 2 small calli at the base, abruptly 3-lobed at the apex, with rounded or semiobovate lateral lobes and oblong-ovate to linear-oblong, obtuse mid-lobe. Column more or less
shortly clawed, lightly sigmoid in profile, about 5
short, dilated above.
Cajamarca: Cajabamba, near the bridge over Rio Lulichuco, 2600-2700 meters, Ferreyra 3046. Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2400 meters, Vargas 821. Sta. Rita, on road to Tuncapata, 2000 meters, Vargas 2679, 2682. Sandia, 2100-2300 meters, Weberbauer 529 (type of P. venusta, a large-flowered form). Huanuco: Maria del Valle, about 2100 meters, on moist, sparsely shrubby slope, Macbride 3552. Mito, about 2700 meters, on moist, rocky arid shrubby slope, Macbride

3269.
125
Junin: Huariaca, on shrubby side of canyon in sunny yucca La Libertad: Prov. of Otuzco, Camino a Paranday (Sinsicap), 2600 meters, Lopez 1050. Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 128. 1921. Eastern Peru: On mountains along Rio Mayo and on the ascent of Mt.
hedges, about 2900 meters, Macbride 3120.
Guayrapurina, in low woods among dead leaves, Spruce 4578, fide Cogniaux. Also Bolivia and Ecuador (type of P. montana).
Ponthieva oligoneura Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 107, nr. 418. 1929.
up
9: 57. 1921;
Plant small and slender, 7.5-17 cm. tall. Leaves mostly basal and rosulate, to 6; basal leaves gradually narrowed to short, channelled petioles which are dilated and imbricating below; lamina oblong-elliptic or lanceolate (oblanceolateas cited), acute or short-acuminate, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, up to 1.4 cm. wide. Scape provided with several remote, very small leaves or foliaceous bracts, glabrous below, finely glandular-pubescent above. Raceme loosely 3- to 12-flowered, about 1.5-7 cm. long. Flowers small, white. Sepals glabrous or sparingly glandularpuberulent without. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate (narrowly oblong, as cited), obtuse, 5-6 mm. long. Lateral sepals free, obliquely ovate, obtuse or subacute, slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal but much broader. Petals attached to the upper part of the column by a rather long claw; lamina very obliquely triangular or triangular-semiovate, obtuse. Lip attached to the upper portion of the column, shortly clawed, 3-4 mm. long; lamina concave-conduplicate, subquadrate or subquadrate-obovate and 2.8-3 mm. wide when expanded, abruptly 3-lobed in front with a small, ovate-oblong, rounded mid-lobe, at the base with a conical,
elliptic,
cucullate, apically bilobed callus.
Column
short,
much
dilated above.
Amazonas: In the vicinity of the Inca Fortress Halca near Cuelap, south of Chachapoyas, 2800 meters, Weberbauer 4314 (type). Junin: Rio Paucartambo Valley, near Perene Bridge, 700 meters, on moist rocks in dense forest, Killip Smith 25258.
&
Ponthieva similis C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

Univ. 9: 226,
t. 5, figs.
Leafl.
Harvard
5-7. 1941.
Figure 16.
tall. Roots Leaves chiefly basal and rosulate, up to 9, long-petioled lamina elliptic, sharply acuminate, gradually narrowed below, densely pilose on both surfaces, up to about 9.5 cm. long and 3.1 cm. wide; petioles channelled, dilated and imbricating near the base, up to 6 cm. long. Scape densely pilose throughout, provided below with 1 small leaf and above with 2 or 3 remote sheaths. Raceme short, about 8.2 cm. or less long, loosely or rather loosely severalto many-flowered. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, pilose, much shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers white, marked with green, brown, and pink. Sepals sparsely long-pilose without. Dorsal sepal narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate with an acute apex, about 12 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a suborbicular, concave, shortly bidentate lamina which is slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal but much wider. Petals adnate to the upper part of the column, rather long-
Plant terrestrial, medium-sized to large, up to about 4.5 dm.
fasciculate, slender-tuberous, lanuginose.

;
126
30
clawed, much shorter than the dorsal sepal; lamina very obliquely oblong-ovate or semiovate, obtuse. Lip very small, sessile, adnate to about the middle of the column, concave-conduplicate, about 4-4.5 mm. long, at the base with a prominent porrect, bilobed, cucullate callus, when forcibly expanded broadly obovate or subquadrate-obovate with a broad, indistinct terminal lobule. Column very
short, stout, abruptly dilated above.
about 2600 meters, in "decayed leaves of dense stream-wood floor," Macbride
Huanuco: Cani, about 7 miles northeast
of Mito,
8395.
Ponthieva Sprucei Cogn. Martius

fig. 3.
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 274,
t.
66,
1895.
Plant small, slender, up to 13 cm. tall (rarely the scape up to 20 cm. long), erect or arcuate above, often stoloniferous. Leaves mostly basal and rosulate, up to 6, more or less petioled; lamina oblong-elliptic, abruptly acute or apiculate,
cuneate below, glabrous, up to 3 cm. long and 9 mm. wide; petioles very short, up to 1.5 cm. long, dilated at the imbricating base. Scape glabrous near the base, more or less glandular-puberulent above, provided above with several small leaves or foliaceous bracts. Raceme loosely few- to many- (25) flowered, up to about 13 cm. long (immature buds at the summit). Floral bracts ovate, acuminate, subequaling the pedicellate ovary. Flowers very small, white, glabrous. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong, acute or subacute, up to 5 mm. long. Lateral sepals lanceolate-elliptic, obtuse or subacute, slightly longer and conspicuously wider than the dorsal sepal. Petals adnate to the basal part of the column, more or less obliquely linear-spatulate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, distinctly shorter than or subequaling the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column at its base, longclawed, up to 4 mm. long; lamina concave-conduplicate in natural position, subquadrate-ovate in outline, about 2 mm. wide when expanded, abruptly 3-lobed in front with a small, ovate-oblong, apically rounded mid-lobe. Column relatively
elongate, dilated above,
up
to 4.6
mm.
long.
Loreto: Near Tarapoto, in rocky places in the mountains, Spruce 3936 (type). San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Rio Cainarachi, tributary of Rio Huallaga, about 230 meters, in forest,
King 2644-
Ponthieva villosa
Lindl. Benth.
PL Hartw.
155. 1845.
Leaves basal, rosulate, about 4, narrowly entirely villous, acuminate, gradually narrowed to a short petiole; lamina up to about 16.5 cm. long and 2.1 cm. wide. Scape slender, shorter than the leaves. Raceme loosely few-flowered. Floral bracts ovate, much shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers relatively large, about 9 mm. long. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, concave, acute. Lateral sepals similar, elliptic, apparently free or nearly so. Petals inserted by a short slender claw to the apical part of the
subsessile
Plant up to about 18 cm. high.
column, very oblique, semilanceolate, broadly obtuse. Lip very small, sessile or on the upper part of the column, concave-conduplicate in natural position, obovate-oblong when expanded, sharply 3-lobed at the apex with short
127
rounded lobes; disc at the base with a fleshy callus produced into 2 short diverging keels. Column rather short, with a prominent rostellum.
Junin: Habitat not recorded, ex Kranzlin, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 129. 1921. Also Ecuador (type).
I
have examined a record of the type from the Lindley Herbarat
ium
Kew.
Schltr.
Ponthieva Weberbaueri
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
9: 58.
107, nr. 420. 1929.
Plant terrestrial, low to medium-sized, about 12-29 cm. high. Roots fascicuLeaves basal, rosulate, commonly 3 to 4, slender-tuberous, tomentose. glabrous, more or less petioled; lamina elliptic to oval (rarely oblong-elliptic), acute or short-acuminate, cuneate below, 2.5-9 cm. long, up to 4 cm. wide; petiole slender or stout, channelled, up to 4 cm. long. Scape slender, glandular-puberulent especially above, provided with 2-6 small, remote, tubular sheaths of which the lowest is sometimes produced into a small sessile blade. Raceme loosely few- (3) to many- (26) flowered, up to 10.5 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, much shorter than the elongate pedicellate ovary. Flowers small, white or green and white. Sepals pilose without. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-elliptic, obtuse to acute, about 6 mm. long. Lateral sepals free, obliquely ovate, obtuse to acuminate, about as long as the dorsal sepal but much wider. Petals subequaling the dorsal sepal, adnate to the base of the column by an elongate claw which is gradually dilated above; lamina very obliquely ovatetriangular, obtuse, with the outer margin more or less irregular. Lip adnate to the column near the base or below the middle by a long, channelled, upcurved claw, about 4-4.5 mm. long; lamina concave-conduplicate in natural position, broadly ovate in outline when expanded, subcordate at the base, deeply 3-lobed in front, ecallose; lateral lobes relatively large, rounded-dolabriform, obtuse; mid-lobe oblong-spatulate or oblong, rounded at the apex. Column rather long, dilated above, about 3-3.5 mm. high.
late,
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 Smith 22559. Ccarrapa, meters, terrestrial in open woods, Killip
&
between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 1000 meters, terrestrial on wooded hillside, Killip & Smith 22488. Cuzco: On side wall of the Apurimac Valley, terrestrial on the grass steppe, 2000 meters, Weberbauer 5882 (type). Huanuco: Cueva Grande, near Pozuzo, about 1000 meters, on shaded bank, Macbride 4807. Junin: Along Rio Perene, near "Hacienda 3," Colonia Perene, about 600 meters, terrestrial in forest, Killip & Smith 25214-
BUCHTIENIA
of elongate, tuberous, lanuginose roots.
Schltr.
A monotypic genus of large terrestrials, apparently confined to the Andean regions of Bolivia and Peru. Plant tall, up to 15 dm. high, arising from a fascicle
Leaves several, basal, long-petioled;
128
30
lamina oval, elliptic or oblong-obovate, acute, subcordate to long-narrowed at the base. Scape basal, much surpassing the leaves; peduncle with several remote, close, long-tubular sheaths, glabrous below, brown-pilose above; raceme elongate, subdensely many-flowered. Flowers rather small, subfleshy, with widely spreading sepals. Dorsal sepal uppermost, lanceolate, acuminate, concave, recurved above. Lateral sepals recurved, obliquely and narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate. Petals agglutinated to the dorsal sepal, obliquely lanceolate. Lip shorter than the other perianth-segments, from a subquadrate, callose-margined claw, abruptly
3-lobed.
Column
short, footless.
Buchtienia boliviensis Schltr. Fedde Repert. 27: 34. 1929; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 2. 1953.
Plant terrestrial,
5,
tall,
stout,
up
to 15
dm. high
in the type.
Leaves 4 or
basal, long-petioled, about 49.5 cm. or less long; petiole stout, channelled; lamina oval, elliptic or oblong-obovate, acute, long-cuneate to subcordate at the base, up to 23.5 cm. long and 13 cm. wide. Scape much exceeding the leaves, strict,
about 12 dm. or more tall; peduncle mostly glabrous, with remote, close, longtubular sheaths; raceme elongate, narrow, subdensely many-flowered, up to 60 cm. long. Floral bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate, the lower ones equaling or exceeding the flowers. Flowers rather small, rose-colored or greenish. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, long-acuminate, concave, with the upper portion recurved, about
10 mm. long when extended. Lateral sepals narrowly lanceolate, very longacuminate, longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals very obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, short-acuminate, lightly connate with, and much shorter than, the dorsal sepal. Lip much shorter than the sepals, recurved with erect sides in natural position, up to about 7.7 mm. long and 6 mm. wide when expanded, from a subquadrate claw with a pair of basal calli, abruptly dilated into a 3-lobed lamina, with obliquely subquadrate-ovate, obtuse lateral lobes and a triangularovate, acute mid-lobe. Column very short, footless, abruptly dilated above.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, between Mistiana and Keros, 700 meters, terrestrial in dense shady forest, Vargas 7381. Also
Bolivia (type).
SPIRANTHES
L. C. Rich.
(Brachystele Schltr., Coccineorchis Schltr., Cyclopogon Presl,
Synassa Lindl.)
A large, variable and complicated group of plants cosmopolitan in distribution,

but mostly limited to the New World. Species commonly terrestrial (rarely epiphytic), with a cluster of tuberous roots which are usually much thickened and pubescent. Scapes short or tall, slender or stout, provided with one or more cauline sheaths, smooth or commonly more or less pubescent above. Leaves
either absent at flowering time, or usually basal and rosulate, and often cauline as well. Inflorescence consisting of terminal spikes or racemes, few- to manylarge, glabrous or
Flowers very small to relatively Dorsal sepal narrow. Petals more or less adherent to the dorsal sepal. Lateral sepals oblique at the base, often more or less decurrent on the ovary (together with the column), sometimes connate below
pubescent without.
flowered, loose or dense, secund to quaquaversal.

and more or
less saccate or
129
Column nearly footless or culate, simple to 3-lobed. foot. Anther dorsal, sessile or stipitate.
produced into a spur at the base. Lip sessile or unguiproduced into a distinct
For the sake of convenience in this puzzling group, the more or less distinct and often highly confused genera Pelexia, Sarcoglottis, and Stenorrhynchus are included in the genus Spiranthes, and the
"generic" distinctions are relegated to subgeneric categories in the
following key.
Al.
A2.
la.
Lateral sepals not conspicuously decurrent on the ovary; column-foot short or obscure Section Spiranthes .... I Lateral sepals more or less conspicuously decurrent on the ovary, forming a saccate or spurred base; column-foot prominent 8
Lip about equally long and broad, usually papillose on both surfaces;
.
plant
Ib.
commonly
leafless
S. Ulaei
Lip distinctly longer than broad, commonly not papillose on both surfaces
1
la.
Ib. 2a.
Lip gradually narrowed toward the base Lip not gradually narrowed toward the base
2 3
Leaves (when present) linear or oblong-linear; spike very dense.

S. Lechleri
2b.
Leaves obliquely suborbicular-ovate; spike very loosely flowered.

S. inaequilaiera*
3a.
Apical portion of the Apical portion of the
lip
transverse, broader than long
S. elata
.
.
3b.
4a.
4b.
5a.
Lamina Lamina
of the lip of the lip
not transverse, oblong-ovate to suborbicular with a pair of calli near the middle
lip
.4
5 6
without a pair of
calli in
the middle
5b.
S. micrantha* Leaves ovate; scape glabrous; spike 8- to 9-flowered Leaves lanceolate-oblong; scape pubescent; spike many-flowered. S. olivacea*
sessile, ecallose at
6a.
Lip
the base or essentially so, apical lobe about as broad
as the basal portion

6b.
S. pumila Lip clawed, prominently bicallose at the base, apical lobe commonly 7 much narrower than the basal portion
7a.
7b.
8a.
Flowers large, lateral sepals about 13 mm. long; basal calli stout, intraS. Rimbachii marginal and erect or incurved Flowers small, lateral sepals about 6 mm. or less long; basal calli slender, S. costaricensis apparently marginal, strongly retrorse and often twisted Rostellum elongate, produced into a linear-triangular or subulate, usually Section Stenorrhynchus .... 9 rigid, acuminate process
. .
.
8b.
Rostellum short or at most produced into a membranaceous,

usually truncate process
ligulate,
Section Sarcoglottis. ... 15
9a.
9b.
*
Flowers very small, lateral sepals about 5 mm. long (on the posterior S. Esmeralda margin) .10 Flowers medium-sized to large, lateral sepals 10 mm. or more long.
. .
Of the species marked by an
asterisk, I
have seen no specimens.
130
lOa.
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
lOb.
lla.
Lip terminating in a semiorbicular-ovate lobule; upper surface of the leaves dark green mottled with white or light green S. maculata Lip not terminating in a distinct semiorbicular-ovate lobule; leaves com11 monly unspotted
Inflorescence secund; lateral sepals very narrowly linear
S. laxa*
lib.
12a.
Inflorescence quaquaversal; lateral sepals lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or 12 triangular-lanceolate
Leaves hysteranthous; spur formed by the base of the lateral sepals conspicuous, triangular-ovate or triangular-oblong (when viewed from the
side)
S. orchioides
in the dried plant)
;
12b.
Leaves synanthous (sometimes absent
13a.
spur formed by the base of the lateral sepals inconspicuous, merely a subrotund or ovoid 13 swelling Plant slender; stem with 3 more or less remote sheaths S. corymbosa
13b.
14a.
Plant stout; stem mostly concealed by several approximate or imbricating sheaths 14
Leaves with a more or less distinct (often elongate) petiole, relatively large, commonly about 7-20 cm. long; cauline sheaths sharply acuminate; flowers relatively small, dorsal sepal about 1.5 cm. or less long; terminal lobe
of the lip lanceolate-ovate or oblong-lanceolate S. speciosa
14b.
15a.
Leaves without any petiole, relatively small, 5.5 cm. or less long; cauline sheaths obtuse to acute; flowers relatively large, dorsal sepal about 1.7-2 cm. long; terminal lobe of the lip obovate-oblong S. vaginata (The latter concept may prove to be a variety of S. speciosa.) Sepals produced at the base into a conspicuous hamate spur; lower margins of the lip long-adnate to the column S. curvicalcarata
16 Sepals not produced into a hamate spur Flowers crowded into a capitate or subcapitate cluster; rachis much abbreviated S. subumbellata
15b.
16a.
16b.
17a.
17b.
18a.
18b.
19a.
19b.
20a.
Flowers not capitate or subcapitate; rachis more or less elongate at 17 maturity Lateral sepals produced into a prominent ovoid or gibbous spur 18 Lateral sepals not produced into a prominent gibbous spur, although often 19 forming a saccate base S. hirta* Lip oblong, flat S. saltensis Lip spatulate, conduplicate-concave below Lip obovate, without a linear or elongate basal portion; raceme at maturity short and very dense S. Lechleri Lip not obovate but with a linear, oblong or elongate basal portion; raceme at maturity commonly elongate 20 Lip not conspicuously constricted above, nor with a suborbicular-ovate
apical lobe
21
20b.
21a.
Lip conspicuously constricted above, with a prominent suborbicular-ovate or transversely ovate apical lobe 22 Flowers greenish; column long-pilose in front S. Weberbaueri*
Flowers orange to brick-red; column glabrous in front. S. Weberbaueri var. auranliaca Flowers large, lamina of the lip about 3-4 (rarely 2.2) cm. long, gradually narrowed toward the base S. acaulis (S. picta) Flowers relatively small, lamina of the lip about 1.8 cm. long, slightly dilated at the base S. Pavonii (S. matucanensis, S. pachyrhiza)
21b.
22a.
22b.

Spiranthes acaulis (Smith) Cogn. Martius
221. 1895.
131
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4:
Neottia acaulis Smith, Exot. Bot. 2: 91, t. 105. 1806. Neotlia picta R. Br. Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2: 5, 199. 1813; Sims, Bot. Mag. 37: t. 1562. 1813. Sarcoglottis speciosa Presl, Rel. Haenk.
1: 96, t. 15. 1827. Spiranthes picta Lindl. Bot. Reg. 10, sub t. 823. 1824 and Gen. & Sp. Orch. 475. 1840. Spiranthes speciosa Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 475. 1840. Sarcoglottis picta Kl. Allg. Gartenz. 10: 106. 1842. Gyrostachys picta 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 664.
1891.
Plant terrestrial, variable, medium-sized to large, up to 8 dm. high. Roots numerous. Leaves basal, rosulate, up to 8 (sometimes absent at flowering time), more or less distinctly petioled; lamina elliptic (rarely oval) to obovate or oblong-oblanceolate, acute or subacute, more or less cuneate below, together with the petiole up to 45 cm. long and 9 cm. wide, often with light
fasciculate, stout,
spots or streaks or both. Scape glabrous below, often somewhat pilose above, more or less surpassing the leaves, provided with several close, tubular, subremote to imbricating sheaths. Raceme spicate, laxly few- to many-flowered, up to about 36
cm. long, quaquaversal. Flowers large, more or less pilose without, green, white, yellow or brown. Dorsal sepal linear to oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse to acuminate, up to 2.6 cm. long. Lateral sepals spreading-decurved, falcate-lanceolate, falcateoblong or falcate-oblanceolate, acute to acuminate, with the base very longdecurrent on the ovary and the lower anterior margins connate to form a saccate base, broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate-linear, obtuse to acute,
strongly adnate to, and slightly shorter than, the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the sepaline sac at the base, linear-spatulate in outline when expanded, gradually dilated above, then abruptly contracted to form an ovate, suborbicular or transversely ovate apical lobe, with a pair of long retrorse horns at the base, more or less pubescent below the middle on both surfaces, up to 4 cm. long from the apex to the tip of a basal horn, and 1 cm. or less wide above. Column short, with an
elongate foot and a triangular-ligulate, obtuse, rostellar process.
Peru:
Near Pangoa, Mathews 1070.
Huanuco: Mountains,
(type of Sarcoglottis speciosa}. Prov. of Huanuco, Tingo Maria, in forest, Asplund 13321, 13396. Junin: La Merced, about 600 meters, on forested slope, Macbride 5525. Tarma, Vitoc,
s.n.
Haenke
of the Jungle," 1800 meters, Woytkowski 20. Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 1566. Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4604- Also Mexico, through Central America and the West Indies (type of Neottia acaulis and N. picta} to Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina.
"Eyebrow
Spiranthes corymbosa Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb.

117, p. 17. 1916.
54, Beibl.
Coccineorchis corymbosa Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2, p. 434. 1920.
Plant erect to sublax, variable, about 13-38 cm. high. Roots fascicled, long, Leaves clustered at the base or lower part of the stem (rarely a cluster
lanuginose.
132
30
appears near the middle of the stem), long-petioled, about 6-12; blades ovate or elliptic-ovate to elliptic, acute or short-acuminate, cuneate to subtruncate below, up to 7 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide, more or less oblique; petioles slender or stout,
channelled, gradually dilated and imbricating below, longer than the blade. Scape
slender, glabrous below, densely fine-tomentose above, provided with about 3 distant, long, tubular sheaths. Inflorescence a short spicate raceme, very dense
and subcapitate when young, loose in course of development, about 5.5 cm. or less long, up to 12-flowered (with strongly ascending flowers), commonly arcuate. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, subequaling or somewhat exceeding
scarlet
the tomentose ovary. Flowers campanulate, rather large for the genus, dark red or and yellow. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute, about 1.5-1.8 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar but slightly longer, decurrent on the ovary, connate near the oblique, saccate base, dorsally keeled near the apex. Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal and about equally long, obliquely linear-oblanceolate, acute or subacute. Lip about as long as the lateral sepals, tubular-concave in natural
position, elliptic-lanceolate, sometimes lightly constricted on each side near the apex, up to 7.2 mm. wide when expanded, abruptly subacute, adnate to the lateral
sepals at the base, with fleshy, incurved basal auricles, minutely pubescent on both surfaces below. Column gradually dilated upwards, finely pubescent, with the
long-acuminate, rigid rostellum of Stenorrhynchus.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Puyupatamarca area (Wenner Gren Nat. Park), 3200 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Vargas 2756. Junin: Prov. of Jauja, Valley of Rio Masamerich (now called Rio Postachuelo), one of the sources of the Pangosa between Atac and Calabaca Resthouses, 2700-2800 meters, in evergreen thickets with
many
sclerophyllous trees, Weberbauer 6635 (type).
Spiranthes costaricensis Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 214. 1855; Xen. Orch. 2: 185, t. 179, figs. I, 1-3, b. 1873. Gyrostachys costaricensis 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 664. 1891. Beloglottis costaricensis
Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2, p. 365. 1920.
Figure 17.
Plant slender, variable, about 12-50 cm. tall. Roots stout, fascicled, lanuginose. Leaves basal, rosulate, commonly 3-5 (sometimes wanting in the dried specimen), long-petioled; lamina elliptic to oblong-elliptic, rarely elliptic-ovate or oblanceolate, acute to short-acuminate, cuneate to (rarely) subrounded below, 3-18.5 cm. long, up to 5 cm. wide, often slightly oblique; petioles commonly more or less shorter than the blades, channelled, dilated at the imbricating base. Scape surpassing the leaves, glabrous below, finely glandular-pubescent above, provided with several more or less distant, tubular sheaths. Raceme spicate, laxly to densely many-flowered, about 5-22.5 cm. long. Flowers small, white to green, with only the upper part of the segments spreading. Dorsal sepal oblong, acute, up to 5.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals a little longer and narrower, linearoblong, acute, oblique at the somewhat dilated base. Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, linear or linear-oblanceolate, acute, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip apparently slightly shorter than the lateral sepals, distinctly clawed with the claw adnate to the lateral sepals, ovate-oblong and subpandurate in outline, up to 6 mm. long, ovate at the base then narrowed with a slightly expanded
S FIR ANTHERS
^ costancensis c/teic
FIG. 17. Spiranthes costaricensis Reichb. f. Flowering plant; X %. 1, lip, 4, column; 3, flower, side view; X 5. 5. side view; 2, lip, spread out; X 5. Drawn by 5. and petals, spread out; 5. 5, dorsal sepal, one lateral sepal
E. B. Phillips.
133
134
30
ovate-oblong termination, provided at the base of the lamina with a pair of slender, more or less twisted, retrorse horns parallel to the claw. Column short, geniculate below, finely pubescent, with a short bifid rostellum.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Cadena, 1020 meters, in a rocky Vargas 6181. Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Tingo Maria, epiphyte on tree-trunk by rivulet in forest, Asplund 12291. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1092, 1877. San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, about 1100 meters, in mountain forest, Klug 3718. Also Mexico and Central America (type)
place,
to Trinidad.
Spiranthes curvicalcarata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Harvard Univ. 9: 227, t. 6, figs. 1-3. 1941. Figure 18.
stout,
Leafl.
Plant medium-sized, terrestrial, up to about 5 dm. high. Roots fasciculate, Leaves 7, basal, rosulate, petioled; lamina ovate-elliptic, lanuginose. sharply acute, broadly cuneate below, up to about 8 cm. long and 3.6 cm. wide; petioles rather slender, channelled, somewhat dilated at the imbricating base, about 6 cm. or less long. Scape glabrous below, densely pilose to lanuginose above, provided with about 6 long-acuminate, separated, strict sheaths. Raceme sublaxly many-flowered. Flowers large, with the dorsal sepal and petals erect and adnate and the lateral sepals arcuate-recurved. Sepals densely glandular-pubescent without. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, acute, concave, about 23.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate below, forming a narrowly ellipsoid spur about 12.7 mm. long with an incurved, free apex; free portion arcuate-recurved, when expanded linear-oblanceolate, abruptly acuminate, a little shorter and much narrower than the dorsal sepal, tubular-involute in natural position. Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, narrowly oblanceolate-linear, acute at the very oblique apical portion, slightly exceeding the dorsal sepal. Lip linear-spatulate in outline, lightly 3-lobed near the apex, with all except the basal and apical margins strongly adnate to the column, shortly clawed, furnished at the base with a pair of fleshy retrorse auricles, about 34.5 mm. long and 6.5 mm. wide just below the suborbicular-ovate, decurved mid-lobe; disc with the basal and middle portions conduplicate and densely pubescent on both surfaces. Column long and slender, about 20 mm. long, pubescent on the anterior surface, produced into a foot about 7 mm. long; rostellum oblong-ligulate with an erose-truncate apex.
Junin:
La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, about 1230

of
meters,
montana, plant brownish-red thruout except lower lip," Macbride 5770. yellowish-white
floor
"humus
Spiranthes elata (Sw.) L. C. Rich. Orch. Europ. Annot. 37. 1817, in Me"m. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. 4: 59. 1818. Satyrium datum
Sw. Prodr. Descr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 119. 1788. ?Spiranthes peruviana Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 93. 1827. Cyclopogon ovalifolium Presl, Rel. Haenk. 93, t. 13, fig. 1. 1827. Spiranthes plantaginea Lindl. Gen. & Spiranthes Preslii Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. Sp. Orch. 468. 1840.
3PIRANTHE1S
curiliccLLcaraia
Q oScnurem
FIG. 18.
1. expanded, showing interior of spur; X 1. 3, lip; X 1 X 2J^. 5, flower from front, expanded; 4, plant; X A-
Spiranthes curvicalcarata C. Schweinf.
1,
plant;
S.
1 X A-
2, flower,
pumila C. Schweinf.
135
136

Spiranthes minuliflora Reichb.
30
f. Bonpl. 2: 11. 1854. Barb. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1: 184. 1877; Spiranthes alpestris Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 188, t. 41, fig. 1. 1895. Cyclopogon alpestris Barb. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1, Index III. 1877. Gyrostachys peruviana 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 663. 1891. Gyro-
470. 1840.
loc. cit. Gyrostachys ovalifolia 0. Ktze. Spiranthes variegata Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37 392. 1906. Cyclopogon elatus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 6: 53. 1919. Cyclo-
stachys
Haenkeana 0. Ktze.
loc. cit.
pogon minutiflorus Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2: 391. 1920. ?Cyclopogon peruvianus Schltr. loc. cit. 393. 1920. Cyclopogon plantagineus Schltr. loc. cit. 393. 1920. Cyclopogon stictophyllus Schltr. (as C. stictophyllua) loc. cit. 394. 1920. Cyclopogon densiflorus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 59. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57:
1.
108, nr. 422. 1929.
Cyclopogon moyobambae Schltr. Fedde Repert.
Beih. 9: 60. 1921; Mansf. 1929. Figure 19.
t.
108, nr. 423.
Plant very variable, stout or slender, terrestrial or apparently epiphytic,
dm. high. Roots fascicled, commonly stout and tuberous. Leaves basal, rosulate, 2 or more (very rarely absent in the dried specimen), indistinctly shortpetioled to distinctly long-petioled; lamina (very variable) ranging from broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate to narrowly elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute up
to 8
or acuminate, rather abruptly rounded to gradually cuneate below, up to about 20 cm. long and 5.8 cm. wide. Scape glabrous below, commonly finely pubescent above, adorned with several tubular sheaths. Raceme ranging from loose to dense,
few- to many-flowered, subsecund to quaquaversal, up to about 23 cm. long. Flowers small, greenish, white, brownish or reddish, sometimes striped with violet.
Dorsal sepal lanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, about 4.1mm. long. Lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate to linear-oblong, usually slightly longer than the dorsal sepal, acute or obtuse, oblique. Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, oblanceolate-linear, obtuse or rounded at the tip. Lip very short-clawed, oblong-pandurate in outline, 4.5-9 mm. long; lamina below quadrateoblong or ovate-oblong (commonly slightly pandurate), then markedly constricted on each side with the anterior portion transversely dilated and commonly truncate or 3-lobulate, abruptly rounded at the base with a pair of flap-like (rarely fleshy)
7.2
calli
front, with
which are sometimes retrorse. Column small, more or an ovate, ligulate or lanceolate rostellum.
less
pubescent in
Cuzco: Urubamba Vals.n., 1862. Diehl 2430. Santa Rosa, about 1200 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1730. Prov. of ley, Calca, environs of Lares, on fences, 3200 meters, Vargas 3599. Prov. of Convention, Idma, 1500 meters, in humus, Vargas 8551. Huanuco ("Huanocco"), in the mountains, Haenke s.n. (type of
Peru: Mathews
Spiranthes peruviana, Cyclopogon ovalifolium, and Spiranthes Preslii) Mito, about 2800 meters, "in Yuccas on stone fence top," Macbride
.
&
Feather stone 1920.
Prov.
of
Huanuco, Carpish, about 2700
FIG. 19.
view;
5.
3, lip,
Spiranthes elata (Sw.) L. C. Rich. front view, spread out; X 5.
1,
plant;
X A1
2, flower, side
4,
column, side view;
5.
137
138
30
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Kohler s.n. (type of Cyclopogon densiflorus). Same locality as the last, 1600 meters, Schunke 1889. La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, about 1200
meters, Asplund 13117.
meters, on rotted tree, Macbride 5647.
Yanahuanca, about 3000
meters, in low shrub formation on southern slope, Macbride Lima: Near Obrajillo, Mathews 676 (type of Featherstone 1159. Loreto: Near Moyobamba, Filomeno s.n. Spiranthes pkmtaginea)
.
&
Same locality as the last, 900 (type of Cyclopogon moyobambae) meters, terrestrial in shade of rather dry woods and scattered shrubs,
.
Weberbauer 4547 (type of Spiranthes variegata). Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte, Klug 10128. Puerto Arturo, on lower Rio Huallaga, below Yurimaguas, about 135 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 27884- Santa Rosa, on lower Rio Huallaga, below Yurimaguas, about 135 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, A very widespread and variable species Killip & Smith 28892.
extending from Florida (U.S.A.) through the West Indies (type of Satyrium elatum), Central America and South America to Brazil (type of Spiranthes alpestris), Argentina and Uruguay.
Spiranthes Esmeralda Linden & Reichb. f. Otto, Hamb. Gartenzeit. 18: 36. 1862; Reichb. f. Saunders Refug. Bot. 2, pt. 3: t. 121. 1882. Stenorrhynchus Esmeraldae Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3,
pt. 4: 170,
t.
39,
fig.
1.
1895.
Mesadenella esmeraldae Pabst.

t.
&
Garay, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Janeiro 12: 208,

cled, long, slender-tuberous.
figs. 1-8. 1952.
tall. Roots fasciLeaves basal, rosulate, 3-5, indistinctly short-petioled to distinctly long-petioled; lamina ranging from elliptic or elliptic-ovate to lanceolate-ovate or oblong-obovate, acute or acuminate, broadly to narrowly cuneate at the base, up to 15 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide, often with small whitish spots on the upper surface; petiole channelled, up to 8.5 cm. long. Scape slender, glabrous below, finely pubescent above, provided with several tubular, acuminate sheaths. Inflorescence a slender spicate raceme, loose to subdense, many-flowered, somewhat spirally arranged, up to about 25 cm. long. Flowers very small, greenish (often with white), salmon pink or yellowish, pubescent without. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse, about 3-5 mm. long. Lateral sepals long-decurrent on the ovary and shortly connate in front, obliquely oblong to ovate-oblong, acute to obtuse, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, very obliquely oblanceolate, acute or obtuse, about as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip shortly clawed, longitudinally concave with
Plant terrestrial, erect, small to medium-sized, up to 4.5 dm.
the anterior portion recurved in natural position, when expanded oblong-oblanceolate, slightly constricted below the middle, acute at the broadly rounded apex, with a pair of fleshy, retrorse, linear calli at the base, about 4-7 mm. long from the apex to the tip of a basal callus. Column small, finely pubescent in front with
a linear-triangular, acicular, rostellar process, and a prominent foot adnate to the ovary.
139
Junin: East of Quimiri Bridge, near La Merced, 800-1300 meters, dense forest, Killip Smith 23830. San Ramon, 900-1300 meters, terrestrial at the edge of woods, Killip Smith Loreto: Iquitos, about 100 meters, terrestrial in woods, 24887. Smith 27057. Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in Killip forest, Klug 1536. Also Venezuela and Brazil (type).
terrestrial in
&
&
&
Spiranthes hirta Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orch. 476. 1840. Gyrostachys hirta 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 664. 1891. Pelexia hirta Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2: 402. 1920.
Plant nearly 6 dm. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate, long-petioled. Scape provided with several spreading, long-acuminate sheaths of which the lower ones are foliaceous. Spike elongate, densely many-flowered, about 23 cm. long. Floral bracts linear, acuminate, surpassing the flowers. Flowers medium-sized, densely villous without, yellowish green or brownish green. Dorsal sepal not described. Lateral sepals oblique, produced at the base into a short gibbous horn. Lip oblong, flat, obtuse, sagittate at the base, pubescent below, in front with a somewhat narrower quadrate-rhombic lobe. Rostellum long, truncated.
&
Junin:
1921.
Huanuco and Puno,
Pariahuanca, on mountains, Mathews 1065 (type). fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 130.
Spiranthes inaequilatera Poepp.

2: 7,
t.
&
Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp.
110. 1837; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 194. 1895. Gyrostachys inaequilatera 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PL pt. 2: 664. 1891. Cyclopogon inaequilaterus (as inaequilatera) Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl.
37, Abt. 2: 389. 1920.
Roots fascicled, tuberous-cylindric, Leaves basal, rosulate, about 3, long-petioled; lamina obliquely oval or suborbicular-ovate with very unequal sides, obtusely acute, rounded at the base, up to about 12 cm. long and 7.5 cm. wide; petioles robust, channelled, imbricating below, up to 9 cm. long. Scape exceeding the leaves, glabrous below, minutely pubescent above, provided with several remote, appressed sheaths of which the lowermost is largest and produced into a linear,
numerous, tomentose.
foliaceous apex.
Plant rather large, erect, up to 5 dm. high.
10-12 cm. long.

lel
Spike rather short, loosely several- (up to 20-) flowered, spiral, Floral bracts linear-subulate, subequaling the flowers. Flowers
small, greenish-purple, inconspicuous, puberulent without.
Perianth-parts paralbelow, ringent above. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, acute, 6-6.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but a little broader, falcate-oblique at the base. Petals adnate to, and slightly shorter than, the dorsal sepal, linear-spatulate, obtuse. Lip in natural position tubular-concave below with the apical portion reflexed,
in outline, cuneate below, then abruptly contracted to form dentiform, obtuse lateral lobes and an obcordate (thus retuse) mid-lobe, 6.5-7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide. Column short, dilated above, with a
when expanded obovate-oblong
bidentate or obtuse rostellar process.
140

Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu),
30
in
woods, Poeppig
1011.
Spiranthes laxa (Poepp. & Endl.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Harvard Univ. 10: 29. 1941. Stenorrhynchus laxus (as Stenorrhynchos laxum) Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 7, t.
Leafl.
109. 1837; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 172. 1895. laxa Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 482. 1840.
Pelexia?
Plant rather robust, up to 4.5 dm. high. Roots fascicled, thick-cylindric, numerous. Leaves basal, rosulate, about 3, long-petioled lamina elliptic or oblongelliptic, acute or shortly acuminate, cuneate at the base, 12-15 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide; petiole stout, channelled, up to 12 cm. long. Scape glabrous below, minutely puberulent above, provided with several tubular, appressed sheaths. Raceme spicate, densely many-flowered, secund, about 10 cm. long, with the upper part nodding. Floral bracts linear-subulate, shorter than the flowers. Flowers mediumsized, spreading, red, with the perianth-parts parallel below and ringent above. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, about 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals very narrowly linear, strongly acuminate, somewhat longer than the dorsal sepal, with the oblique base forming a prominent, cylindric-oblong, rounded sac. Petals adnate to the dorsal sepal, narrowly linear, acuminate, long-attenuate below, about as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip linear-oblanceolate, acuminate, about 13-14 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide when expanded, with the apex recurved in natural position. Column slender, elongate, with an acuminate rostellum.
;
Loreto: Near Tocache Mission Post, in virgin
swampy woods,
Poeppig
s.n. (type).
Near Tarapoto, Spruce
s.n.
Spiranthes Lechleri (Schltr.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 29. 1941. Br achy stele Lechleri Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 59. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 107,
nr. 421. 1929.
lanuginose.
Plant terrestrial, about 2-4.5 dm. tall. Roots fascicled, tuberous, very stout, Leaves (often lacking and usually withering before floral development) basal, linear to oblong-lanceolate, about 10-11 cm. long, acute, narrowed to a petioled base. Scape more or less glabrous below, finely tomentose above, provided with 6-7 tubular, appressed sheaths. Raceme spicate, short, very densely many-flowered, up to about 7 cm. long. Floral bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate, equaling or surpassing the flowers. Flowers small, yellow, pubescent without, with the perianth-segments ringent above. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate or oblongLateral sepals obliquely elliptic, concave, obtuse or subacute, 5-6.2 mm. long. oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, with an oblique base, subacute, about as long as the dorsal sepal. Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal and nearly as long, oblanceolate or narrowly oblanceolate, lightly incurved, obtuse. Lip sessile, longitudinally concave and recurved in natural position, when expanded obovate in outline, up to 6.5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, glandular-verrucose on both surfaces, constricted near the apex with the apical portion transversely oblong to suborbicular, lobulate-undulate and more or less retuse and apiculate. Column short, dilated upwards, with a truncate rostellar process.
141
Huanuco: Llata, about 2150 meters, "grassy stony eastern slope," Macbride & Featherstone 2273. Chinchapalca, 5 miles above Mito, about 2900 meters, on dry sunny ledges, Macbride & Featherstone 1589. Junin: Prov. of Cerro, Huariaca, about 3200 meters, in thicket, Asplund 11963. Yanahuanca, about 3000 meters, "shallow soil on rocks," Macbride & Featherstone 1224Puno: Tabira, Lechler 2133 (type).
Spiranthes maculata (Rolfe) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 30. 1941. Pelexia maculata Rolfe, Kew Bull. (1893) 7; Summerhayes, Bot. Mag. 158: t. 9418. 1935.
Roots fascicled, tuberous, numerLeaves basal, rosulate, long-petioled, about 3-4; lamina ovate to oblongelliptic or lanceolate, somewhat oblique, up to about 18.5 cm. long and 8.7 cm. wide, acute, rounded or rounded-cuneate at the base, dark green with scattered light green spots on the upper surface; petioles elongate, channelled, up to 15 cm. long, slightly dilated at the imbricating base. Scape glabrous below, tomentose above, adorned with numerous, imbricating or approximate, appressed sheaths, up to 4.5 dm. high. Raceme elongate, many-flowered, dense to lax, up to about 30 cm. long. Flowers ascending, medium-sized, pubescent without, green with a white lip. Dorsal sepal broadly oblanceolate, acute, concave especially above,
ous.
Plant terrestrial, up to about 5.2 dm. high.
10-12.5
mm.
long.
Lateral sepals obliquely linear-oblanceolate, acute, spreading,
about as long as the dorsal sepal, long-produced below and connate, forming a cylindrical spur with a short, ovoid-conic free apex. Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, obliquely oblanceolate, acute, finely ciliolate on the outer margins except near the apex, about as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the sepaline sac, narrowly oblanceolate or cuneate-spatulate in outline with the margins (except near the apex) adnate to the column, gradually dilated above, then abruptly contracted to form a recurved, transversely ovate, acute lobule, retrorsely bicallose at the base, about 17 mm. long when expanded including the linear calli and 4-5 mm. wide. Column slender, dilated above, with a subulate rostellar
process.
Junin: La Merced, about 600 meters, at edge of forest stream, Macbride 5526. Also Bolivia and perhaps Venezuela. Typical
collection of
unknown
habitat.
Spiranthes micrantha Barb. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1877; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 197, t. 42, fig. 2. 1895. Cyclopogon micrantha Barb. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1, Index III. 1877, nomen; Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2: 390.
1: 183.
1920.
Plant terrestrial, slender, up to 3 dm. high. Roots 1-2, stout-tuberous, short. Leaves basal, 1-2, long-petioled; lamina ovate, subacute, subrounded below, up to 4 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide; petiole slender, channelled, a little longer than the blade. Scape slender, glabrous, provided with 4-5 appressed sheaths. Spike
142
30
short, loosely 8- to 9-flowered, spiral, 6 cm. long. Bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, exceeding the flowers. Flowers very small, glabrous. Dorsal sepal oblong-
lanceolate, strongly concave, obtuse, 4
mm.
long.
Lateral sepals linear-oblong or
narrowly lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, lightly constricted below, somewhat longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals adnate to the dorsal sepal and subequally long, very
obliquely rhombic-lanceolate, obtuse. Lip obovate-oblong in outline, ligulate and concave below, then abruptly dilated into a suborbicular, obtuse, ciliate apical
lobe, slightly shorter
pubescent, ovoid appendages.
than the lateral sepals; disc above the middle with a pair of Column pubescent in front.
129. 1921.
Loreto, ex Cogniaux fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: Brazil (type).
Bull. (1892) 141. Cyclopogon Spiranthes olivacea Rolfe, olivaceus Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt 2: 392. 1920. Sarcoglottis olivacea Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 130. 1921.
Plant about 3 dm. high.
Kew
Leaves basal, rosulate, petioled; lamina lanceolate-
oblong, acute, up to about 4 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide, green with a few small, white spots. Scape slender, pubescent, up to 3 dm. tall. Inflorescence manyflowered.
white.
Flowers small, subsessile, about 7 mm. long, green tinged with pink and Dorsal sepal lanceolate-linear, obtuse. Lateral sepals linear, subobtuse. Petals spatulate, obtuse, connivent with the dorsal sepal. Lip linear-oblong with a subventricose base, expanded in front into a suborbicular, crenulate lobe, provided in the middle with 2 small, pubescent calli. Column linear-clavate.
North Peru: Habitat and
collector not recorded (introduced
by
Messrs. Charlesworth, Shuttleworth
&
Co.).
Spiranthes orchioides (Sw.) A. Rich. Sagra Hist. Isl. Cub. Segunda parte, Hist. Nat. 11 (Fl. Cub. Fanerog. 2): 252. 1850. Satyrium orchioides Sw. Prodr. Descr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 118. 1788. Neottia orchioides Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1411. ?1806. Stenorrhynchus orchioides L. C. Rich. De Orch. Europ. Annot. 37. 1817, and in M<m. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 59. 1818; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras.
3, pt. 4: 177.
1895.
Figure 20.
Plant terrestrial, very variable, up to 9.1 dm. high. Roots fascicled, tuberous, numerous. Leaves most commonly hysteranthous and not present in flowering specimens, several, basal, rosulate, sessile or short-petioled; blades oblongoblanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, gradually narrowed toward the base, up to 40 cm. long and 5 cm. wide. Scape rather stout, glabrous below, more or less glandular-pilose or scurfy above, provided with several tubular sheaths. Raceme dense or lax, few- or more commonly many-flowered, qua-
FIG. 20. Spiranthes orchioides (Sw.) A. Rich. 2, 1, inflorescence; X %. basal part of plant, showing leaves and roots; X %. 3, flower, longitudinally dissected to show the column; X 2. Drawn by Blanche Ames.
143
144
30
quaversal, up to 22 cm. long. Flowers rather large, rose-red, purplish, brown, yellow or green and white, more or less pubescent without. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, subacute to acuminate, 12-20 mm. long. Lateral sepals triangular-lanceolate or linear-triangular, acuminate, long-decurrent on the ovary at the oblique base, with the free portion about as long as the dorsal sepal, connate below and forming a short conical spur. Petals obliquely lanceolate (commonly narrowly so), strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, acute to acuminate. Lip rhombic-lanceolate in outline with the middle portion dilated and the apical part lanceolate-attenuate to an acute tip, pubescent below the middle on both surfaces, with the margins of the lower part more or less thickened, 15-24 mm. long, 5-9 mm. wide when expanded. Column commonly glabrous, with a rigid,
acicular, rostellar process.
Apurimac: Abancay, slopes of Curahuasi, 2700 meters, Vargas Cuzco: Below Machu-Picchu, on dry granite slopes, West 6468. Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2100 meters, in humus, Vargas 2194- Junin: La Merced, about 600 meters, on "sandy brushy river flat," Macbride 5545. Loreto, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 131. 1921. A widespread and variable species extending from Florida (U.S.A.), the West Indies (type of Satyrium orchioides) and Mexico, through Central America to Brazil and Argentina.
2051.
Bonpl. 4: 211. 1856; C. Schweinf. 1951. Spiranthes matucanensis Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117: 16. 1916. Spiranthes pachyrhiza Kranzl. loc. cit. Pelexia matucanensis Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2: 410. 1920. Sarcoglottis Pavonii Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2: 419. 1920.
f.
Spiranthes Pavonii Reichb.
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15:
7.
Roots fascicled, tuberous, very stout, Leaves basal, rosulate, 3-5, shortly or indistinctly petioled; lamina lanceolate-elliptic (cited as oblong-lanceolate), acute, gradually narrowed below, 15-25 cm. long, up to 5 cm. wide; petioles short, broad, channelled, imbricating
numerous.
Scape glabrous below, densely glandular-pilose above, more or less by 6-8 close, tubular sheaths. Spike up to 14 cm. long, short, dense and quaquaversal when immature and becoming elongate and secund in course of
at the base.
Plant terrestrial, up to 4 dm. high.
concealed
development, several- to many-flowered. Flowers medium-sized for the genus, glandular-pubescent near the base without. Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate, acute (cited as obtuse), concave, about 17 mm. long. Lateral sepals spreading, oblanceolate-linear, lightly oblique, acute or acuminate, slightly dilated at the base which is long-decurrent on the ovary and connate on the anterior margin to form a slight swelling. Petals linear-cuneate, adnate to the dorsal sepal and slightly shorter, very abruptly and obliquely acute. Lip adnate to the sepaline
sac at the base, channelled below, ligulate-pandurate or linear-spatulate when expanded, with a pair of retrorse horns at the slightly broader base, dilated above and constricted to form a broadly ovate or transversely ovate, crenulate terminal
when expanded about 18 mm. long from the apex of the lamina to the tip of a Column long, slender, dilated above, nearly glabrous, with a linear, membranaceous rostellar process.
lobe,
basal horn.
145
Huanuco: Cochero, Ruiz & Pavdn s.n. (type of Spiranthes PaLima: On the Lima-Oroya Railway near Matucana, 2400vonii). 2600 meters, on stony slopes occupied by rather open xerophytic
vegetation, especially "regengrunen" shrubs, Weberbauer 5279 (type
of Spiranthes matucanensis) Mountain railway of San Augustin, in the Loma formation, Weberbauer 5696
.
400^480 meters, on a rock

(type of S. pachyrhiza).
Also Ecuador.
Leafl.
Spiranthes pumila C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

Univ. 9: 229,
t. 6, figs.
Harvard
4-5. 1941.
Figure 18.
Roots fasless tall. Leaves 6, basal, rosulate, petioled; lamina ovate, acuminate, broadly cuneate to rounded at the base, up to 2 cm. long and nearly 1 cm. wide; petioles channelled, dilated at the imbricating base, 1.4 cm. or less long. Scape slender, glabrous below, finely glandular-pubescent above, provided with 4 tubular sheaths of which the lowermost is foliaceous. Inflorescence a secund spike, 2- to 8-flowered, rather loose below, about 3.5 cm. or less long, arcuate. Flowers small, with subparallel, mostly glabrous segments. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, about 5.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but a little larger throughout,
ciculate, slender- tuberous.
Plant small and slender, terrestrial, about 13 cm. or
subacute, slightly oblique. Petals narrowly oblong, acute or subacute, slightly broader above the middle, a little smaller than the dorsal sepal. Lip tubularinvolute in natural position with a recurved apex, sessile; lamina when expanded
subquadrate-oblong or obovate-oblong, obscurely 3-lobed near the apex, about 6 mm. long and 2.8 mm. wide above the middle. Column cuneate below, about 3.7 mm. long, with a triangular-ovate, shortly bidentate rostellum.
Junin:
Chanchamayo
Same
locality,
Valley, 1600 meters, Schunke 1886 (type). 1800 meters, Schunke s.n.
Spiranthes Rimbachii (Schltr.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 30. 1941. Cyclopogon Rimbachii Schltr. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 8: 166. 1921.
Plant terrestrial, up to about 6.2 dm. high. Roots fascicled, slender-tuberous. Leaves mostly basal, rosulate, 3-6, long-petioled; lamina elliptic to ovate-elliptic (oblong, as cited), acute or short-acuminate, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, up to 8 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide; petioles channelled-conduplicate, somewhat dilated toward the imbricating base, up to 11 cm. long. Scape glabrous below, densely tomentose above, provided with 3-8 sheaths of which the lower ones are produced into a small lanceolate to ovate leaf. Spike more or less secund, 10- to 15-flowered, loose in course of development, up to 14 cm. long. Flowers mediumsized for the genus, reddish white or greenish white, recalling those of S. elata, Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, concave, externally pubescent below. about 12 mm. long. Lateral sepals a little longer, linear-oblong, obtuse, slightly oblique. Petals adnate to and subequaling the dorsal sepal, obliquely oblanceolatelinear, rounded at the apex. Lip pandurate-oblong or pandurate-ovate in outline, very shortly clawed, subquadrate-pandurate to above the middle, then contracted and dilated to form a suborbicular terminal lobe, subcordate at the base with
146
30
a pair of intramarginal, flat-conical calli, about 14 mm. long and 5-7 mm. wide in the middle. Column slender, fine-pubescent in front, with a conspicuous ovatetriangular, truncated, rostellar process.
Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, Choimacota Valley, 2900-3000 meters, "shady places in evergreen bush-wood," Weberbauer 7575. Also Ecuador (type).
Spiranthes saltensis Griseb. Abhandl. K. Gesell. Wiss. Gott. 24 (Symb. Fl. Argent.): 338. 1879. Stenorrhynchus saltensis Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 165. 1895. Pelexia saltensis Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2: 405. 1920.
Roots fascicled, slender-tubertall, up to over 7 dm. high. Leaves basal and cauline, oblanceolate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, gradually narrowed below to an often indistinct channelled petiole, up to 44 cm. long and 5.3 cm. wide (the cauline smaller and sessile). Stem glabrous below, tomentose above, provided with several tubular, appressed sheaths. Spike densely (rarely subdensely) many-flowered, quaquaversal, 5-20 cm. long. Flowers medium-sized, white, greenish or yellow, externally pubescent. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, acute, strongly concave, 10-14 mm. long. Lateral sepals
Plant terrestrial,
ous,
numerous.
obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, decurved-spreading, dilated at the base, long-decurrent on the ovary, connate in front to form a subglobose spur. Petals obliquely linear-oblanceolate, obtuse to acute, strongly adnate to and sub-
equaling the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the sepaline sac, longitudinally concave and recurved in natural position, gradually dilated from the base to above the middle, then slightly contracted on each side forming a suborbicular-ovate or transversely ovate terminal lobe, oblong-spatulate in outline when expanded, 11-17 mm. long, up to 8 mm. wide above the middle, with a pair of fleshy, linear calli at the base. Column extended into a long foot adnate to the ovary, terminating
in a prominent, ovate-triangular, truncate rostellar process.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero San Pedro, 2200 "Mercedes," Hda. Vargas 2563. "Quellouna," 900 meters, Bues s.n. (Herb. Field Mus. 660002). Also Argentina (type), Bolivia and Paraguay.
meters, on open bushy slope,
Spiranthes speciosa (J. F. Gmel.) A. Rich. Sagra Hist. Isl. Cub. Segunda parte, Hist. Nat. 11 (Fl. Cub. Fanerog. 2): 252. 1850. Serapias speciosa J. F. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 59. 1791. Neottia speciosa Jacq. Ic. PI. Rar. 3:
t.
600. 1793.
Stenorrhynchus speciosus
Europ. Annot. 37. 1817, and in Me"m. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 59. 1818. Spiranthes colorata N. E. Br. & S. colorata var. maculata N. E. Br. Gard. Chron. n. s. 19: 210. 1883.
L. C. Rich.
Plant terrestrial or epiphytic, up to 6 dm. tall. Roots fascicled, tuberous, numerous. Scape stout, glabrous, mostly or wholly concealed by several tubular, acuminate sheaths. Leaves basal, rosulate, up to 7, gradually narrowed below
De Orch.

into a
147
more or less distinct channelled petiole, up to 34 cm. long; lamina oval to oblong-elliptic or obovate to oblong-obovate, acute, 2-8 cm. wide. Spike densely many- (rarely few-) flowered, up to 10 cm. long. Floral bracts showy, lanceolate,
equaling or surpassing the flowers, scarlet. Flowers medium-sized, orange to scarpurple-red or pink, glabrous. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, concave, 12-15 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblonglanceolate or triangular-oblong, acuminate, long-decurrent on the ovary and shortly connate in front, about equaling the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely ellipticlanceolate, acute or acuminate, strongly adnate to and subequaling the dorsal sepal. Lip lanceolate in outline, sessile, with the lower part pandurate and
let,
dilated in the middle, then abruptly contracted and forming a lanceolate or lanceolate-ovate, acute terminal lobe, callose-thickened on each side at the base,
13-15 mm. long, up to 6.4 mm. wide, more or less pubescent. above, pilose in front, with a long, acicular rostellar process.
Column
dilated
fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: Also the West Indies (type of Serapias speciosa), and Mexico through Central America to Colombia (type of Spiranthes colorata) and Venezuela.
Huanuco, ex Kranzlin
131. 1921.
Spiranthes subumbellata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 31. 1941. Synassa corymbosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: sub t. 1618. 1833. Pelexia corymbosa Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 482.
1840; Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117: 19. 1916.
Plant terrestrial, up to about 4.5 dm. tall. Roots fascicled, slender-cylindric. in dried specimens) basal, 2, long-petioled; lamina elliptic, oblong-elliptic (lanceolate, as cited), acute or acuminate, up to 10 cm. long and 2.8 cm. wide; petiole channelled, stout or slender, up to 6 cm. long. Scape glandular-pilose throughout (especially above), provided with several appressed, tubular-
Leaves (often not present
Spike short, subumbellate-congested, densely many-flowered with the lowermost flowers sometimes rather loosely separated, up to 5 cm. long and 4 cm. in diameter. Flowers rather small, yellow to orange. Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, concave, obtuse or subacute, about 9-10 mm. long. Lateral sepals about equally long, obliquely spatulate-oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, acute, long-decurrent on the ovary at the base where shortly connate in front to form a small, abrupt, semiglobose spur. Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, obliquely linear-spatulate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the sepaline sac at the base, in natural position tubular-cylindric with the lower part adnate to the column, when expanded spatulate with a slender lower portion, slightly dilated toward the
cylindric sheaths.
above rather abruptly dilated to an obovate, lightly 3-lobulate apical is broadly rounded or subtruncate and crenulate on the decurved margins, about 13 mm. long, up to 7 mm. wide above. Column slender, dilated above, subglabrous, with a triangular-ovate rostellar process.
bicallose base,
portion which
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Pavdn s.n. (type of Pelexia corymbosa). Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, on road from Tambo above Osno to the Apurimac River, 2500 meters, in the grass-steppe with
148
30
scattered shrubs, Weberbauer 5617. Junin: Huacapistana, 18002400 meters, on open hillside, Killip & Smith 24242. Carpapata, above Huacapistana, about 2400 meters, on open hillside, Killip & Smith 24347. Prov. of Tarma, Yanamayo, between Palca and Acobamba, 2600-2700 meters, in low woods on mountain slope, Ferreyra 3751
.
Spiranthes Ulaei Cogn. Martius

Brachystele Abt. 2: 374. 1920.
fig.
1.
1895.
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 207, t. 47, Ulaei Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37,
Plant erect or suberect, up to 4 dm. tall, leafless or with one or two blades Roots fascicled, tuberous, attenuate below. Leaves (when present) oblanceolate-linear, produced from a somewhat wider scarious sheath, acute, about 9 cm. or less long and 5 mm. wide above. Stem provided with 5 or more tubular,
at the base.
approximate or imbricating, erect sheaths, glabrous below, densely villous near the inflorescence. Raceme short to rather long, 3.7-14 cm. long, very densely manyFloral bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate, flowered with imbricating flowers. scarious, surpassing the flowers. Flowers very small, horizontal, villous without. Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, acute, strongly concave, about 4.5-7 mm. long.
Lateral sepals obliquely lanceolate or lanceolate-ovate, decurved, short-acuminate, about as large as the dorsal sepal. Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, linear-oblanceolate, very little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip about as long
as the sepals, gently recurved
and tubular-concave
in natural position, sub-
broad, minutely 3-lobed at the apex with a very small, transverse, median lobule; disc densely papillose without and pubescent within, with a pair of more or less distinct calli
at the sessile base.
orbicular-obovate
when expanded, about equally
long and
Column
small, clavate, with a pair of porrect, semiorbicular
wings at the apex.
pata, 3100 meters, Vargas 7258.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, between Huinaihuaina and PuyuAlso Brazil (type), Argentina, and
Uruguay.
Kew
Spiranthes vaginata (HBK.) Lindl. ex B. D. Jackson, Ind. Neottia vaginata HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1895, p. 967.
1816; Lindl. Gen.
1: 331.
&
Sp. Orch. 472. 1840.
Stenorrhynchus
vaginatus (as Stenorrhynchos vaginatum) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 710. 1826. Gyrostachys vaginata 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2. 664. 1891.
by
Plant stout, about 16-44 cm. tall. Stem strict, entirely or mostly concealed several approximate or imbricating sheaths which are oblong, concave-ventricose and obtuse to acute. Leaves mostly confined to the base (sometimes ap-
parently absent in the dried specimens), ovate or oval, acute, sessile, up to about 5.5 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide. Spike few-flowered, rather dense, 3.5-8.5 cm. long, quaquaversal. Floral bracts conspicuous, as long as the flower, ovate or ellipticovate, acute or acuminate. Flowers medium-sized for the genus, glabrous, campanulate with little-spreading segments. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, concave, long-

narrowed to an acute point, about 1.7-2 cm. long.
large, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, saccate at the
149
Lateral sepals about equally base and de-
current on the ovary. Petals very obliquely oblong-lanceolate and lightly sigmoid, strongly adnate to, and subequaling, the dorsal sepal. Lip a little shorter than the sepals, oblong-pandurate or rhombic-lanceolate in outline, dilated in the middle, then rather abruptly narrowed to an obovate-oblong, acute apical portion, pubescent below on both surfaces, concave-saccate at the ciliate base, 1.9 cm. or less long, up to 1 cm. wide; disc obscurely bicallose at the base. Column as in S. speciosa (J. F. Gmel.) A. Rich.
Loreto, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 131. 1921. Also Colombia and Ecuador (type of Neottia vaginata). This description was largely compiled from Colombian specimens referable to this concept, as well as from a photograph of the type
of Neottia vaginata.
Spiranthes Weberbaueri Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb.

117: 18. 1916.
37, Abt. 2: 411. 1920.
54, Beibl.
Pelexia Weberbaueriana Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl.
Spiranthes Weberbaueriana Kranzl. ex Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2: 411. 1920, sphalm.
Plant terrestrial, up to 7 dm.
ous, villous.
tall. Roots fascicled, slender-tuberous, numerLeaves basal, rosulate, up to 5, long-petioled; lamina elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acute or short-acuminate, broadly cuneate at the base, up to 12 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide; petioles stout, channelled-conduplicate, slightly dilated at the imbricating base, up to 9 cm. long. Scape glabrous below the middle, glandular-pilose above, provided with about 9 sheaths of which the upper ones decrease into bracts. Spike elongate, many-flowered, lax below, rather dense above, quaquaversal, up to 18 cm. long. Flowers medium-sized, greenish, densely pubescent without. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, about 1.3 cm.
Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-oblanceolate (obovate-oblong, as cited), subacute or "obtuse," long-decurrent on the ovary at the base, decurved-spreadPetals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, spatulate-linear, rounded at the ing. apex. Lip nearly as long as the sepals, linear-spatulate in outline, the lower portion being linear and retrorsely bicornute and the anterior portion cuneateobovate and retuse with a reflexed margin, provided with a very fleshy median
long.
line
extending to the apex, about 5
mm.
wide near the apex.
Column
slender,
long-pilose in front, with a broadly ligulate, obtuse rostellar process.
the
Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, on road from Tambo above Osno to Apurimac River, in open places among thickets rich in sclero-
phyllous forms, Weberbauer 5593.
This description was drawn from the diagnosis of the type, in addition to an examination of a photograph of the type.
Spiranthes Weberbaueri Kranzl. var. aurantiaca C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 7. 1951.
150
30
tall.
Plant terrestrial, very variable, slender or stout, 1.5-7.5 dm.
Leaves
usually present at flowering time, basal, rosulate, 5 or less, more or less distinctly petioled; lamina oblong to elliptic, more or less acute, about 6.5-20 cm. long,
to 3.7 cm. wide. Scape slender to stout, more or less glandular-tomentose (sometimes glabrous below), provided with several, more or less remote, tubular sheaths. Spike short to elongate, several- to many-flowered, commonly very loose Flowers medium-sized, at the base, with the rachis about 3 to 25 cm. long.
up
antimony-yellow, orange or dull brick-red, densely glandular-pubescent without. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-linear, acute at the lightly cucullate apex, about 1.2-1.6 cm. long. Lateral sepals connate below forming a subgibbous sac, the recurved
and about as long as the dorsal Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, narrowly spatulateoblanceolate, acute to rounded at the apex. Lip strongly adnate to the column nearly to the apex, about 1.3-2 cm. long when expanded, 5.5-7 mm. wide in front;
free portion being obliquely linear-oblanceolate
sepal but narrower.
basal portion linear, channelled, slightly dilated toward the base which is callosethickened on each side; anterior portion conspicuously dilated into a roundobovate broadly rounded and crenate-dentate lamina traversed by a thickened mid-nerve. Column slender, glabrous, lightly arcuate above, extended into
a prominent foot.
Cuzco: Crapeza Valley, Piquillacta, 3150 meters, Hen era 2181. Ollantaytambo, about 3000 meters, in a canyon, Cook & Gilbert 281 Prov. of Cuzco, Pisac, 3100 meters, on gravelly slopes, Vargas 2983. Prov. of Urubamba, Piri, 2800 meters, on heath-covered slopes, Vargas 5935 (type). Huanuco: Huacachi, near Muna, about 2000 meters, at edge of shady thicket, Macbride 4076 (small flowers).
.
ERYTHRODES
Bl.
(Physurus L. C. Rich.)
Plants terrestrial, stout or slender, with stems which are decumbent and rootbearing below, and ascending or erect above, simple. Leaves few to several, ovate or lanceolate, usually clustered near the base, with long or short petioles which are dilated below into infundibuliform bases that clasp the stem. Inflorescence a
spicate raceme, few- to many-flowered, loose or dense. Flowers small to mediumPetals adnate to the dorsal sepal. sized. Lip Sepals free, similar, narrow.
commonly 3-lobed, concave or tubular-involute below, usually with the apical lobe abruptly dilated and spreading or recurved, provided at the base with a spur which varies from short and scrotiform to filiform-cylindric. Column very short, with a prominent (often deeply bilobed) rostellar process.
Al. A2.
la.
Spur ovoid,
clavate),
ellipsoid or scrotiform to
obovoid (rarely shortly cylindricI
commonly much
shorter than the ovary
Spur cylindric-clavate to cylindric or filiform-cylindric
Lamina
of the lip divided into 2 subequal portions, the anterior part sharply 3-lobed, with the middle lobule triangular to subulate. E. querceticola
Ib.
Lamina of the lip not divided into 2 subequal portions, the anterior part 1 not 3-lobed, at most apiculate

la.
151
Leaves ovate (lamina 4.3 cm. or less long), maculate or marmorate; spur with 2 pairs of simple calli on the inner wall E. marmorata
Ib.
Leaves elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate (lamina commonly 5 cm. or more long), not marmorate; spur usually without simple calli .... 2
2a.
Raceme short, ovoid-conic; anterior part of the lip retrorse-lunate, with the lobules subtruncate on the sides E. ovata Raceme
elongate, linear-cylindric or oblong-cylindric
2b.
3a.
3b.
4a.
Lip broader than long when expanded, not dilated at the apex; spur E. simplex lightly 4-lobulate 4 Lip markedly longer than broad, dilated at the apex; spur simple
Leaves broadly elliptic, about 5 cm. long; raceme loosely flowered; spur about half as long as the ovary E. minor
4b.
5a.
Leaves lanceolate-elliptic, 15 cm. or more long; raceme densely flowered; E. major spur about equaling the ovary Mid-lobe of the lip on each side passing into elongate fibres E. mystacina
. .
5b.
6a.
Mid-lobe of the
lip
on each side not passing into
fibres or fringes
Spur 3-lobulate at the apex
E. lobatocalcar
7
6b.
7a.
Spur not 3-lobulate at the apex Flowers relatively large, dorsal sepal about 9 lip acuminate in front and acute on each side
mm.
long; mid-lobe of the

less long;
7b.
Flowers small to minute, dorsal sepal about 7 mm. or of the lip at most apiculate or rarely acute in front
Petals not bilobed above
E. clavigera mid-lobe
8
8a.
Petals obliquely bilobed or biapiculate at the broad apex.
.E. santensis
8b.
9a.
Mid-lobe of the
lobules
lip
lunate, with a pair of strongly recurved, elongate
10
lip
9b.
lOa.
without strongly recurved lobules Raceme densely flowered; dorsal sepal 3-4 mm. long
Mid-lobe of the
11
E. valida
lOb.
loosely flowered (at least in the course of development); dorsal E. bifalcis sepal about 5 mm. long
Raceme
lla.
lib.
12a.
Spur shorter than the ovary Spur longer than the ovary
12 13
Basal portion of the lip ligulate, not noticeably narrowed below; lateral lobules of the mid-lobe elongate, transversely oblong or narrowly oblong. E. arietina Basal portion of the lip obovate or ovate-elliptic, conspicuously narrowed E. repens below; lateral lobules of the mid-lobe short Plant about 15 cm. high; stem puberulent; terminal lobe of the lip cordate. E. foliosa Plant about 25 cm. or more high; stem glabrous; terminal lobe of the lip reniform to lightly lunate 14
12b.
13a.
13b.
14a.
Leaves 10 or more; raceme quaquaversal terminal lobe of the lip rhombicE. multifoliata lunate
;
14b.
Leaves about
renif orm
5;
raceme subsecund; terminal lobe of the
lip
subquadrateE, stenocentron
is
This concept has been placed in the key although no specimen
available
for study.
152
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
VOLUME
30
Erythrodes arietina (Reichb.

7:
f.
66.
1922.
4.
Physurus
arietinus Reichb.
& Warm.) Ames, Orchidaceae & Warm. Otia Bot.

f.
Hamb.
2: 52. 1881;
Warm. Symb. ad
Fl. Bras, centr. pt. 30: 859,
t. 9, fig.
1884; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 231. 1895.
Plant suberect from a decumbent, rooting base. Stem up to about 4 dm. high, slender, glabrous below, densely pubescent above the leaves. Leaves about 5 to 10, scattered on the lower part of the stem, petioled; blades oblong-ovate or ellipticlanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 9.5 (rarely 11) cm. long and 3.3 cm. wide; petioles dilated and loosely sheathing at the base, up to 2.5 cm. long.
many-flowered, rather dense but becoming Flowers small, white or pinkish, pilose without (usually sparingly so). Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, about 4-5.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals subequally long, linear-oblong, rounded at the Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, spatulateapex, slightly oblique. oblong to oblanceolate-linear, obliquely subacute to rounded at the apex. Lip from a ligulate or lanceolate-ligulate, tubular-concave base slightly narrowed above, then abruptly dilated into a recurved, transverse, narrowly oblong, pubescent lobe which is bluntly apiculate, with the lateral lobules more or less twisted and incurved, about 4-5 mm. long when expanded. Spur shorter than the mature ovary, cylindric, more or less incurved, subequaling the lip or shorter.
cylindric,
less elongate,
Raceme
loose below, rarely
more or up to
3.5
dm.
long.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Cadena, 1040 meters, in lumbered Loreto: Alto Rio Itaya, San Antonio, 145 forest, Vargas 6216. on trunk of petrified tree, Williams 3417. San Antonio, on meters, Rio Itaya, about 110 meters, on log in dense forest, Killip & Smith 29519. Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4870. San Martin: San Roque, 1350-1500 meters, in forest, Williams 7713. Also Brazil (type).
Erythrodes bifalcis
(Lindl.)
Ames, Orchidaceae
7: 67. 1922.
Sp. Orch. 502. 1840. Physurus bifalcis Lindl. Gen. D. Dietr. Syn. PI. 5: 166. 1852. bifalcis
Plant more or
leafy, glabrous
&
Microchilus
less erect from a decumbent, root-bearing rhizome. Stem stout, below and among the leaves, densely pubescent above the leaves, up to over 6 dm. high. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oval-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, gradually tapering below to a short, broad petiole which is dilated below to a sheathing base; lamina up to about 12.5 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, the
upper blades surpassing the peduncle. Raceme elongate, cylindric, many-flowered, becoming loose in course of development, up to about 24.5 cm. long. Ovary slendercylindric, arcuate, sparingly pilose. Flowers small, white and pink or pinkish red. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, concave, acute to obtuse, about 5 mm. long. Lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute, oblique, longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals very oblique, narrowly elliptic, obtuse or acute. Lip about 5 mm. long, with basal third concave, suborbicular to obovateflabellate with rounded sides or with rounded spreading angles above; middle portion abruptly narrowed and ligulate-subquadrate; apical portion abruptly dilated and forming a pair of elongate, retrorsely semicircular lobules, broadly rounded or apiculate in the center. Spur much shorter than the ovary, slender-

cylindric, arcuate. rostellar process.
153
Column
short, with a large, oblong-lanceolate,
membranaceous
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1876 (type of Physurus Ayacucho: Rio Apurimac Valley, near Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, terrestrial in dense forest, Killip & Smith 23040. Junin: Puerto Bermudez, about 375 meters, terrestrial in dense forest, Killip & Smith 26658.
bifaids').
1922.
Erythrodes clavigera (Reichb. f.) Ames, Orchidaceae Physurus danger Reichb. f. Bonpl. 4: 211. 1856.
stout, glabrous. up to
7: 70.
Plant large and stout, up to about 9 dm. high (lower rooting portion missing).
Leaves numerous, petioled; lamina elliptic-lanceolate or about 16 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneatenarrowed below; petiole rather short, dilated into a loosely clasping sheath. Peduncle very short, entirely concealed by long, loose, imbricating sheaths. Raceme elongate-cylindric, densely many-flowered, up to about 17 cm. long. Flowers large for the genus. Ovary short-cylindric, villous. Sepals villous. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, strongly Sepals and petals pink, lip cream-white. concave, acute, about 9 mm. long. Lateral sepals ovate-lanceolate or oblonglanceolate, acuminate, slightly oblique, a little longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals very obliquely rhombic-lanceolate, acuminate. Lip shorter than the sepals, with a concave, suborbicular basal portion which terminates above the middle on each side in an incurved or uncinate apex, then abruptly contracts to a short claw and finally abruptly expands into a transversely rhombic or rhombic-lunate, acuminate terminal lobe. Spur slenderly cylindric-clavate, up to about 1.5 cm. long, equaling or slightly exceeding the ovary. Column short, with an ovate, bidentate rostellar process.
oval-lanceolate,
Stem
Loreto: Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto (lower Rio Huallaga basin), 135-150 meters, "herb 2-3 ft. high," in dense forest, Smith 28332. Variously credited to Mexico and Costa Killip
&
Rica.
Erythrodes foliosa (Poepp.

1922.
Pelexia foliosa Poepp.
Physurus foliosus Lindl.

PI. 5: 166. 1852.
& Endl.) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 70. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 17. 1838. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 503. 1840; Cogn. Martius
Microchips foliosus D. Dietr. Syn.
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 238. 1895.
Plant about 15 cm. tall. Stem ascending, rather stout, puberulent, sheathed below, densely leafy above. Leaves 6-7, petioled; lamina oval to oblong or ovateoblong, up to about 10 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate at the base, green above, purple beneath; petiole dilated below to form a loose clasping sheath, up to 2.5 cm. long. Peduncle short, several-sheathed. Raceme short, oblongcylindric, densely many-flowered, about 4 cm. long. Flowers very small, whitish. Ovary narrowly fusiform, sparingly puberulent. Dorsal sepal oblong, concave,
acute, about 4
mm.
long.
Lateral sepals about equally long, reflexed-spreading,
154
30
obliquely lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute. Petals adnate to, and a little shorter than, the dorsal sepal. Lip obovate with the lower portion concave, about 4 mm. long, transversely incised on each side above the middle, then expanded
into a recurved, clawed terminal lobe which
filiform, obtuse, a little longer
is
cordate, acute
and
papillose.
Spur
than the ovary.
of
Loreto: Near Tocache Mission, in swampy woods in the vicinity Rio Huallaga, Poeppig s.n. (type). Huanuco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 132. 1921.
Erythrodes lobatocalcar C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

Univ. 9: 231,
t.
Leafl.
Harvard
7, figs.
4-6. 1941.
Figure 21.
Plant medium-sized, up to about 3 dm. tall (lower portion lacking). Stem glabrous and decumbent below, with the peduncle above the leaves about 8 cm. long and sparingly glandular-pilose above. Leaves about 8 in our specimens, mostly crowded on the lower part of the stem, short-petioled; lamina elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, acute or short-acuminate, cuneate below, up to 7.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide; petiole short and indistinct, up to 2.4 cm. long, expanded below into a loose, infundibuliform sheath. Raceme spicate, becoming elongate, up to
11 cm. long, densely many-flowered, rather loose below.
Flowers small, spreading.
Sepals sparingly glandular-pilose. Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, concave, obtuse, up to about 4.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar to the dorsal sepal but larger, Petals obliquely rhombic-oblanceolate, subacute, slightly exelliptic, obtuse. ceeding the dorsal sepal. Lip 3-lobed, with the lower portion tubular-involute and the terminal lobe recurved in natural position, about 4.9 mm. long when
expanded; lower portion suborbicular-obovate, about 4 mm. wide, apical lobe from a short, broad claw abruptly dilated into a reniform-lunate lamina with a minute apicule in the middle of the broadly rounded apex. Spur dorso-ventrally flattened, cylindric-clavate, obtusely 3-lobulate at the apex, about 5 mm. long.
San Martin: San Roque, 1350-1500 meters,

6998.
in forest,
Williams
Erythrodes major (Presl) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 72. 1922. Microchilus major Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 94. 1827; Symb. Bot. 1: 26, t. 15. 1830-32. Physurus Preslei Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 501. 1840. Physurus major Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 132. 1921.
Plant about 3 dm. high from a horizontal, root-bearing rhizome.
Stem
erect,
leafy near the base, pubescent and adorned with sheaths above, surpassing the leaves. Leaves about 3, approximate, petioled; lamina lanceolate-elliptic or lanceolate, up to about 18 cm. long and 6.2 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate below;
petiole short, indistinct, dilated
below into a sheathing base.
Raceme
linear-
from
6,
front, expanded; lobatocalcar C. Schweinf.
X K- 2, flower 1, plant; Erythrodes marmorata C. Schweinf. X 5. 3, flower from side, natural position; X 5. E. 4, plant; X %. 5, flower from front, expanded; X 5. flower from side, natural position; X 5.
FIG. 21.
155
156
30
cylindric, densely many-flowered, about 13 cm. long, with a pubescent rachis. Flowers small, nodding. Ovary arcuate-cylindric, pubescent. Dorsal sepal Lateral sepals linearoblong, concave, acute, carinate, about 4.2 mm. long. lanceolate, obtuse, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip slightly exceeding the sepals, from a linear or lanceolate-linear, longitudinally concave base dilated above into a pair of spreading, oblong, obtuse lobules, minutely apiculate in the middle in front. Spur obovoid or scrotiform, pendent, shorter than the lip but about equaling the ovary, with 2 adnate, filiform calli within.
Huanuco: In mountains near "Huanocco" (Huanuco), Haenke

s.n.
(type of Microchilus major, Physurus Preslei)
No
example
of this concept has been available.

Leafl.
Erythrodes marmorata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

Univ. 9: 233,
t.
Harvard
7, figs. 1-3.
1941.
Figure 21.
Plant slender, terrestrial, over 3.5 dm. tall, the lower portion decumbent and producing scattered long, lanuginose, fibrous roots. Leaves about 7 or less, clustered on the lower portion of the stem, petioled lamina ovate to oblong-ovate, acute or short-acuminate, rounded to broadly cuneate at the base, up to 4.3 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide, maculate with two shades of green; petioles channelled, dilated near the middle and forming a loose infundibuliform sheath below. Peduncle slender, pilose, provided with 4 or 5 small, inconspicuous sheaths, the lowermost forming a small blade. Inflorescence a many-flowered spike, up to nearly 7 cm. long, dense above, often becoming very loose below. Ovary very slenderly obovoid-cylindric, finely pubescent. Flowers small, white, horizontally spreading like those of Spiranthes. Sepals sparingly pilose. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, about 5-6 mm. long. Lateral sepals linear-oblong, obtuse or subacute, slightly longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely oblanceolate-oblong or semielliptic-oblong, adnate to the dorsal sepal, obtuse or subacute, slightly longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Lip tubular;
involute and 5-6.5
long in natural position; basal portion elliptic-subquaanterior portion short, abruptly dilated, forming a lunatereniform terminal lobe which is abruptly and obtusely acute and about 3 mm.
drate
mm.
when expanded;
wide.
on
its
Spur very short, ovoid-conic or scrotiform, about 2-2.3 mm. long, provided inner wall with 2 pairs of small calli. Column very small, with a deeply
bilobed rostellar process.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Disto. Marcachea, near Achirani, 2600 meters, in moist humus, Vargas 11163.
Erythrodes minor
(Presl)
Ames, Orchidaceae
7:
74.
1922.
Microchilus minor Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 94. 1827; Symb. Bot. 1: 27, t. 16. 1830-32. Physurus minor Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 503. 1840.
Plant about 3 dm. high. Stem erect, pubescent, leafy at the base, distantly sheathed above, much surpassing the leaves. Leaves about 3, approximate, petioled; lamina elliptic to oval, about 5 cm. long and 3.1 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, cuneate at the base; petiole short, channelled, dilated into a sheathing base. Raceme linear-cylindric, up to about 9 cm. long, loosely many-flowered,
157
Flowers minute, nodding. with a glabrous rachis. Ovary arcuate-cylindric, pubescent. Dorsal sepal oblong, acute, concave, carinate, about 2 mm. long. Lateral sepals linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse. Petals adnate to the dorsal sepal. Lip slightly exceeding the sepals, from a narrowly cuneate base gradually dilated into 2 short diverging, triangular or triangular-ovate lobules, without a sharp central apicule. Spur ovoid or scrotiform, not half as long as the ovary.
Huanuco: On mountains near "Huanocco" (Huanuco), Haenke

s.n.
Erythrodes multifoliata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

Univ. 9:234,
t. 8.
Leafl.
Harvard
1941.
Figure 22.
Plant rather large, terrestrial, the decumbent base producing verticellate clusters of fibrous, lanuginose roots. Stem slender, glabrous, leafy throughout, about 26.5 cm. long from the rooting portion to the tip of the inflorescence. Leaves
about 11, petioled, remote near the base and subapproximate above; blades oval to elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, broadly cuneate below;
petioles channelled, dilated below into a loose, scarious, infundibuliform sheath, up to 2.8 cm. long. Peduncle short, entirely concealed by loose, imbricating sheaths. Raceme spicate, short, exceeded by some of the upper leaves, densely
many-flowered, about 5 cm. long (the upper flowers small and immature) and about 3 cm. in diameter. Ovary slender-cylindric, very sparingly pilose. Flowers small, glabrous, spreading, with sepals pale green and lip and column white. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-elliptic or oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, concave, about 5.1 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-oblanceolate, subacute to obtuse, somewhat longer than the dorsal sepal, with the anterior margin long-produced and adnate
Petals linear-spatulate or cuneate-spatulate, suboblique, abruptly to the spur. acute to subobtuse, nearly as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip abruptly constricted
above the middle, with the lower portion longitudinally concave and the terminal portion recurved, flat and spreading, about 4.6-5 mm. long when expanded; lower portion broadly obovate, commonly minutely angled on each side at the apex; terminal lobe rhombic-lunate, shortly apiculate in front, with a short broad claw, about 3.6 mm. wide. Spur filiform-cylindric, exceeding the ovary, with the lower portion adnate to the ovary, up to 13 mm. long.
Loreto: Santa Rosa, lower Rio Huallaga below Yurimaguas, 135 meters, in dense forest, Killip & Smith 28759.
Erythrodes mystacina (Reichb.

1922.
f.)
Physurus mystacinus Reichb.
f.
Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 74. Xen. Orch. 2: 183. 1873.
Size of the plant not recorded. Leaves ovate-oblong or "oblong," acute or acuminate, petioled; blade about 7.4 cm. long and 3.3 cm. wide. Peduncle 7 cm. or more long, with acuminate, pilose sheaths. Raceme several-flowered, about 7.5 cm. long. Sepals triangular, acute. Petals dimidiate, obliquely oblongcuneate or cuneate-spatulate, apiculate. Lip ventricose at the base, with the side
and acute in front and the terminal lobe short, transverse, retuseapiculate and produced on each side into elongate fibres or fringes. Spur filiform, arcuate, equaling the pedicellate ovary.
lobes semiovate
FIG. 22.
from
front,
expanded;
Erythrodes multifoliata C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X X 5. 3, flower from side, natural position;
K.
2,
5.
flower
158

Junin: Near Chanchamayo, Nation
s.n.
159
This description was amplified by a copy of a drawing of the type from the Reichenbach Herbarium.
Erythrodes ovata (Lindl.) Ames, Orchidaceae Physurus ovatus Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 502. 1840. ovatus D. Dietr. Syn. PL 5: 166. 1852.
7:
74.
1922.
Microchilus
Plant erect, about 45 cm. or more tall. Lower part about 15 cm. long (with lowest rooting portion missing), leafy. Leaves about 8, petioled; lamina ovatelanceolate or lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate, cuneate or subrounded below, up to
7.2 cm. long and 2.2 cm. wide; petiole short but distinct, dilated below into Peduncle slender, elongate, finely a loosely clasping, infundibuliform sheath. downy. Raceme short, conical, densely many-flowered, about 4 cm. long, pubescent. Flowers very small. Sepals linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or
about
subacute, the lateral ones lightly oblique. Petals narrow, shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip shorter than the other segments, from an elliptic-ligulate, concave base
abruptly dilated into a lunate terminal lobe which
is
prominently apiculate and
consists of oblong, retrorse lobules which are irregularly truncate at their apex. Spur very short, bulbous or vesicate.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1877.
This diagnosis was prepared from the type description of Physurus ovatus, amplified by a photograph bearing a floral analysis
from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Erythrodes querceticola
in footnote. 1915.
Physurus
(Lindl.) Ames, Orchidaceae 5: 29, querceticola Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orch.
&
505. 1840.
Microchilus querceticola D. Dietr. Syn. PI. 5: 167. 1852.
Figure 23.
Plant weak and delicate or rarely stout, rising from a decumbent, root-bearing rhizome, glabrous throughout. Stem erect to arcuate or flexuous, 6 to about 43 cm. long, provided with remote leaves. Leaves up to 10, petioled; lamina very variable, ovate to linear-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, broadly cuneate to subcordate below, green (sometimes mottled with whitish above), up to 8 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, the lower blades commonly withering in course of development; petiole short, dilated below into an infundibuliform, scarious sheath. Peduncle short or very short. Raceme lax to dense, few- to many-flowered, up to about 10 cm. long. Flower very small, yellowish green or white. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong to lanceoconcave, subacute to obtuse, 3-4 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblongovate, oblong-lanceolate or linear-oblong, subacute to obtuse, about as large as the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely linear to linear-oblanceolate, acute or obtuse, about as long as the sepals. Lip pandurate in outline, suborbicular and concave
late,
to about the middle, there abruptly contracted and dilated to form an obcordatereniform terminal lobe with an abrupt, triangular, reflexed lobule or apicule, up to 7 mm. long including the spur. Spur short, saccate-obovoid to shortly cylindricclavate,
more
or less retuse (and thus bilobulate at the apex).
160

Junin:
30
Chanchamayo
Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 547, 569.
widespread and variable species extending from Florida to Texas (U.S.A.), the West Indies, Mexico to Costa Rica, Venezuela
and Peru.
The Peruvian
leaves
collections are small plants with very
narrow
and
relatively longer spur than typical.
Erythrodes repens (Poepp.

1922.
figs.
& Endl.) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 75, Pelexia repens Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 17, t. 124. a-e. 1838. Physurus repens Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 502. 1840;
Microchilus repens
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 230. 1895. D. Dietr. Syn. PI. 5: 166. 1852.
tose roots.
Plant medium-sized, with a creeping base that produces alternate, long, tomenStem erect from a decumbent base, glabrous, about 1-3 dm. high to the tip of the inflorescence, leafy in the middle, provided with sheaths above the leaves. Leaves 5-6, approximate, petioled; lamina lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute or short-acuminate, cuneate below, green and sometimes spotted above, blood-red beneath, about 5-8 cm. long, up to 2 cm. wide; petiole short, up to 2 cm.
long, dilated
below into an infundibuliform, membranaceous sheath.
Raceme
spicate, rather short, cylindric, rather densely many-flowered, 7-18
Flowers small, greenish. Ovary arcuate, slender-ellipsoid, pilose. oblong or oblong-lanceolate, concave, obtuse, about 4.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals spreading, falcate, obliquely elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acute, about equaling the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely linear-spatulate, rounded to acute, apparently a little shorter than the sepals. Lip about 3.5 mm. long, with the lower portion to above the middle obovate or ovate-elliptic, concave, with rounded spreading apices, then abruptly contracted on each side and dilated into a reniform terminal lobe with short lateral lobules, apiculate in the center. Spur clavate-filiform, arcuate, shorter than the ovary.
cm. long. Dorsal sepal
chero), in
Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Comountain woods, Poeppig 1071.
This diagnosis is a compromise between the descriptions, the analytical floral analysis being somewhat at variance with Cogniaux' diagnosis, which was likewise based upon the type. No material of
this
concept
is
available.
Erythrodes santensis (Kranzl.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 9: 128. 1941. Physurus santensis Kranzl. Kungl. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 46: 39, t. 7, fig. 6. 1911.
Plant rather low, terrestrial, the lower portion usually decumbent and producing long, scattered, lanuginose, fibrous roots. Stem from the rooting portion up to the peduncle about 16 cm. tall, rarely with a short lateral branch, rather loosely several-leaved, the only persistent leaves (3-5) being clustered near the apex. Leaves lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, acute or acumi-
FIG. 23.
side view;
Erythrodes quercelicola (Lindl.) Ames.

5.
1,
plant;
1.
2, flower,
and
5. 3, dorsal sepal; 5. 7, fruits; spur, front view;
4, petal;
5.
5, lateral
sepal;
5.
6, lip
1.
161
162
30
nate, cuneate below with the indistinct petiole dilated below into a tubular-
sheathing, scarious base; lamina up to 9.3 cm. long and 2.1 cm. wide, with 3-5 prominent nerves. Inflorescence 6-8 cm. long, the short peduncle more or less
concealed by several erect, imbricating sheaths; raceme densely several- to manyFlowers rather small. Sepals sparingly Dorsal sepal deeply concave (especially at the glandular-pubescent without.
flowered, the rachis 2-5.5 cm. long.
base), about 7
mm. or less long in natural position, long-narrowed to an obtuse Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, slightly longer and distinctly narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals strongly adnate to, and shorter than, the dorsal sepal, oblong-obovate in outline, from a cuneate base gradually dilated on the posterior margin and abruptly dilated on the anterior
apex.
margin into a broad, obliquely bilobed apical portion, with the posterior lobe longer, triangular and acute or subacute and the anterior lobe low and obtuse. Lip sharply 3-lobed, about 7.5 mm. or less long when expanded; basal lobes triangular with a broad rounded, subcordate base, gradually narrowed in front to an oblong-linear claw, provided with an incurved semilunate keel; apical lobe consisting of a pair of oblong-lanceolate falcate lobules which in natural position are reversed, porrect and incurved-forcipate, but when expanded are retrorsely curved, the tips almost reaching the base of the lip, and the apex broadly rounded; spur cylindric-clavate, about 5.2 mm. or less long, the inner walls near the apex with 2 pairs of short irregular keels. Column short, with an elongate, elliptic,
bidentate rostellum.
Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Tingo Maria, in forest, "outer tepals reddish brown without, green within, lateral inner tepals white with reddish brown dots and stripes, labellum white," Asplund 13393. Also Brazil (type), Surinam and Colombia.
Erythrodes simplex C. Schweinf. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc.

Exact. Fisic. y Nat.
5,
no. 19: 348. 1943.
Plant terrestrial, medium-sized, up to about 4.1 dm. tall, rising from a decumbent rhizome which produces simple, stout, lanuginose roots. Leaves clustered on the lower part of the stem, about 9, petioled; lamina lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate, cuneate below, up to about 7 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide, membranaceous, with the uppermost blade widely separated; petiole up to about 2.5 cm. long,
gradually dilated below into a loosely sheathing, infundibuliform base. Peduncle elongate, glabrous below, rather densely glandular-pilose above, up to 21 cm. long, with 3 small, remote sheaths. Raceme spicate, loosely or subdensely many-
up to 11 cm. long. Ovary arcuate, oblong-ellipsoid, nearly glabrous. Flowers small, greenish yellow, the sepals being glandular-pubescent without. Dorsal sepal deeply concave, ovate-elliptic, rounded and sometimes minutely apiculate at the apex, about 5.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals about as long but much narrower, oblanceolate-obovate, obtuse, lightly concave. Petals forming a galea with the dorsal sepal, obliquely spatulate-cuneate, rounded at the apex, nearly as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip very short, produced into a spur, about 9 mm. long from the apex of the lip to the tip of the spur; lamina simple, deeply concave,
flowered,
transversely suborbicular-oval when forcibly expanded, broadly truncate in front with a thin border which is gradually dilated in the middle into a small recurved apex. Spur ellipsoid, much shorter than the ovary, dorso-ventrally complanate,

retuse, lightly 4-lobulate, side of the inner wall.
163
about 5
mm.
long, with a lobulate
appendage on each
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, vicinity of Puyupatamarca area (Wenner Gren National Park), 3200 meters, in humus of forest, Also Ecuador. Vargas 2771 (type)
.
Erythrodes stenocentron
1922.
(Schltr.)
Physurus stenocentron Schltr. Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: 1921;

strict or substrict, glabrous,
Ames, Orchidaceae Fedde Repert. Beih.

108, no. 424. 1929.
7: 75. 9:
60.
t.
Plant erect, about 25 cm. high, from a decumbent, rooting rhizome. Stem with about 5 leaves. Leaves petioled; lamina obliquely elliptic, acuminate, rounded-cuneate below, up to 9 cm. long and 3.8 cm. wide; petiole rather short, dilated below into a sheathing base, up to 2.5 cm. long. Peduncle short, about 3 cm. long, bearing a few sheaths. Raceme erect, densely many-flowered, subsecund, about 7 cm. long, with the rachis minutely glandularpuberulent. Flowers rather small, subglabrous. Ovary slender-ellipsoid, sparingly glandular. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, about 4 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, decurrent below, about equaling the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely linear-spatulate, subobtuse, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip 3.5 mm. long, with the basal portion (up to near the apex) oval, concave, and terminating on each side in porrect rounded lobules, then abruptly contracted and finally dilated into a short-clawed, subquadrate-reniform, terminal lobe which is apiculate in the center. Spur narrowly cylindric, about 6 mm. long, slightly surpassing the pedicellate ovary.
Junin: Near
La Merced, Kohler
s.n.
No
material of this species was seen.

(Rolfe) Ames, Orchidaceae Bull. 1912. 134.
7:
Erythrodes valida
Physurus validus Rolfe,
Stem
stout.
78.
1922.
Kew
Leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, acute, attenuate below,
about 13 cm.
long, 3-5 cm. wide.
elongate, thick-cylindric, densely many-flowered, about 15 cm. long, with the rachis sparsely pilose. Pedicellate ovary arcuate, sparingly pilose, about 1 cm. long. Flowers small, whitish. Dorsal sepal broadly
Raceme
oblong, obtuse, 3-4 mm. long. Lateral sepals somewhat longer, linear, subobtuse. Petals obliquely oblong, subobtuse, about as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip 4 mm. long, narrow below, expanded in front into a lunate terminal lobe 4 mm. wide.
Spur
cylindric, incurved,
about half as long as the ovary.
Peru: Habitat and collector not recorded.
This diagnosis was drawn from the any authenticating specimen.
original description, without
STELIS Sw. Humboldtia Ruiz & Pavon,

(
in part)
A large genus of minute to medium-sized American orchids ranging from Mexico and the West Indies through Central America to Brazil, Bolivia and Peru.
164
30
Plants commonly caespitose, rarely with a long, creeping rhizome. Stems 1- to several-sheathed, usually bearing a solitary leaf at or near the summit. Leaf oval to linear, subsessile to petiolate, more or less coriaceous. Inflorescences one to
numerous, racemose, axillary or nearly

distichous,
so,
few- to many-flowered, secund or
spicuous.
less
or less elongate, loose or dense. Floral bracts minute to conFlowers minute to medium-sized, regular or bilabiate. Sepals more or
more
connate into a shallow cup, subequal or with the dorsal distinct from the more or less connate lateral sepals. Petals much smaller, commonly broad and usually with thickened apical margins. Lip similar to the petals in size, sessile or nearly
simple or 3-lobed, more or less fleshy. Column commonly abbreviated, footless, usually dilated above with a 3-lobed apex. Pollinia 2, waxy.
so,
Al.
Flowers strongly irregular, more or less bilabiate, i.e., with the dorsal I sepal distinct and the lateral sepals more or less deeply connate Flowers more or
least distinct
less regular,
A2.
la.
not bilabiate, with the sepals subequal or at 23

1
Lip 3-lobed or 3-dentate (lightly to very sharply)
Ib.
la.
9 Lip simple Basal half of the lip narrowly oblong; lateral lobes formed by the spreading halves of an abrupt, bilobed callus S. inversa
Ib.
2a.
Basal half of the lip not narrowly oblong; lateral lobes not made by the 2 spreading halves of a bilobed callus 3 Mid-lobe of the lip broad, neither lanceolate nor linear-triangular
2b.
Mid-lobe of the lip relatively narrow, either lanceolate or narrowly angular, sometimes consisting of a long cusp or mucro
tri-
3a.
3b.
4 Dorsal sepal 5-nerved; mid-lobe of the lip very short Dorsal sepal 3-nerved; mid-lobe of the lip much exceeding the lateral
lobes
5
floral
4a.
Plant proliferous;
bracts spreading; mid-lobe of the lip mucronate. S. chachapoyensis 1 bracts appressed; mid-lobe of the lip rounded S. polycarpa
4b.
Plant not proliferous; at the apex
floral
5a.
Sepals campanulate, pubescent within; lateral lobes of the lip about in the middle S. velutina
Sepals widely spreading, glabrous; lateral lobes of the
Petals strongly acuminate or long-awned
lip
5b.
near the base.

S. curvicarina
6a.
7 8
6b.
7a.
Petals obtuse to weakly trilobulate
proliferating; leaves acute or subacute, abruptly shortS. triseta cuneate at the base; flowers usually pink or whitish yellow
Stems usually
7b.
Stems usually simple; leaves obtuse, long-narrowed at the base; flowers
commonly
8a.
greenish or wine-color
lip
Secondary stems approximate;

the base
S. triseta var. pardipes apparently ecallose, excavated near S. melicoides
The position of this species in the key was assigned on the basis of a record of the entire plant from the Reichenbach Herbarium, in addition to Lindley's description of the species in Fol. Orch. Stelis (1858) 12, no. 92. No actual material has been seen.
1

Secondary stems more or
base
9a.
less
165
remote;
lip
with a trilobulate callus at the

S. lobata
9b.
lOa.
Dorsal sepal 3-nerved, at least above the very base Dorsal sepal 5- or more-nerved
10
17
lOb.
lla.
Lip with a pair of prominent calli or a large, commonly bilobed (not 11 hippocrepiform) callus Lip without a pair of separate calli or large bilobed callus, but sometimes with a hippocrepiform callus 16 Flowers very small, dorsal sepal 2 mm. long; lip with 2 separate, converging S. rhomboglossa calli; racemes 2-4 on one plant
Flowers larger, dorsal sepal 3
lib.
12a.
mm.
or
more
more or
12b.
13a.
less bilobed callus
long; lip with 1 large, usually 12
Dorsal sepal about 3-4 mm. long 13 Dorsal sepal about 4.8 mm. or more long 15 Plant large; stems 13 cm. or more long; lamina of the leaf elliptic to S. rhombilabia oblong-ovate, 3.7 cm. or more wide
Plant smaller; stems 9 cm. or less long; lamina of the leaf elliptic-oblong or narrower, 1.3 cm. or less wide 14
13b.
14a.
14b.
Rhizome prominent, elongate, ascending; lip triangular-ovate; racemes S. ascensor subdensely to loosely flowered Rhizome abbreviated, stems caespitose; lip transversely obovate-rhombic; S. gracilispica racemes very densely flowered
Flowers campanulate; dorsal sepal deeply connate with the lateral sepals; S. concaviflora rhizome abbreviated
Flowers with spreading segments; dorsal sepal only slightly connate with the lateral sepals; rhizome conspicuous, ascending S. punoensis Lateral sepals connate nearly to the apex; petals transverse, obovateS. flacca 1 reniform; lip without a definite callus
Lateral sepals apparently free nearly to the base; petals not transverse, suborbicular-obovate; lip with a hippocrepiform callus near the base .S. macro,
.
15a.
15b.
16a.
16b.
17a.
Inflorescence shorter than or subequaling the leaf

Inflorescence
18
19
.
.
.
17b.
18a.
much
surpassing the leaf

.
18b.
19a.
Rhizome abbreviated; stems much shorter than the leaf S. Tessmannii Rhizome elongate and conspicuous; stems subequaling or exceeding the
leaf
S. dupliciformis
of the connate lateral sepals
Lamina Lamina
lip
about twice as broad as the dorsal

S. cupuligera
sepal; lip 3-carinate
below
19b.
20a.
of the connate lateral sepals little broader
than the dorsal sepal;

20
not 3-carinate
Lip apiculate; bracts of the inflorescence strongly appressed, the empty ones below the raceme enlarged S. acutissima
Lip not apiculate; the empty bracts below the raceme not markedly 21 larger than the others
Dorsal sepal distinctly longer than broad Dorsal sepal subequally long and broad or broader than long
S.
20b.
21a.
purpurea
22
21b.
1
The
described
position of this species in the key is based upon the form of the lip by Reichenbach, rather than that described by Lindley. No specimens
have been seen.
166
22a.
30
22b.
23a.
Plant large, stem about 8 cm. or more tall; leaf more or less acute: flowers reddish or brown to dark purple S. densiflora Plant small, stem commonly 6.5 cm. or less tall; leaf obtuse when mature; flowers yellow or yellowish S. connata
23b.
24a.
Rhizome ascending or elongate and conspicuous 24 Rhizome abbreviated or, if developed, inconspicuous; secondary stems
caespitose Sepals 5-nerved
38
25
24b.
25a.
26 Sepals 3-nerved; flowers mostly relatively small Rachis of the inflorescence stout; floral bracts short, subtruncate, mucronate or acute; flowers large, dorsal sepal 4.5-5.8 mm. long.
S. quinquenervia 1
25b.
Rachis of the inflorescence slender; floral bracts long, acuminate; flowers S. Lindenii smaller, dorsal sepal about 3 mm. long
Lip acute or apiculate Lip obtuse, rarely subacute
Petals suborbicular, membranaceous; lip not callose
26a.
27 32
S. ascendens
26b.
27a.
27b.
28a.
Petals transverse, more or less thickened on the upper margin; lip bicallose or conspicuously callose-thickened in the middle or below 28
Sepals rhombic-ovate, glabrous; lightly retuse and apiculate
lip
transversely suborbicular-quadrate, S. rhizomatosa
28b.
29a.
29b.
30a.
Sepals ovate or suborbicular-ovate; lip not transversely suborbicular29 quadrate or retuse-apiculate Inner surface of the sepals glabrous or nearly so 30 Inner surface of the sepals distinctly papillose or lanate; lip transversely 31 ovate, acute to subacute
Lip quadrate-obovate; flowers minute, sepals about 1.2
mm.
or less long. S. Gonzaleziana
30b.
3 la.
Lip transversely ovate-triangular; flowers larger, dorsal sepal about 3

long
mm.
S. eublepharis var. glabriflora

leaf or a little longer.
Leaf long-petioled; inflorescence subequaling the
S. eublepharis
31b.
32a.
32b.
33a.
Leaf subsessile; inflorescence twice as long as the leaf or more. .S. discolor Secondary stems all approximate; lip obovate-subquadrate with a very S. Filomenoi broadly rounded apex Secondary stems (or most of them) subremote to distant, sometimes in 33 groups
Sepals very broadly triangular-ovate, 3- to 5-nerved; plant large (from the base of the secondary stems to the tip of the inflorescence 27 cm. or S. Lindenii more high)
Sepals ovate, not broadly triangular-ovate; plant smaller
33b.
34a.
34
Secondary stems appressed to the long-creeping, subnaked rhizome; inflorescences flowering almost to the base S. scansor
34b.
Secondary stems ascending at an acute angle from the root-bearing

rhizome; inflorescences not flowering to the base
35
off,
In the type collection of this species, the rhizome, which had been broken was described as creeping and abbreviated, but a more recently discovered collection of this species shows a distinctly ascending, rather elongate rhizome.
1

raceme;
Floral bracts large and conspicuous, up to 6.5 lip ovate, callose only near the base
167
mm.
long at the base of the

S. grandibracteata
Floral bracts small to minute,
up
to 3.5
mm.
ceme
long at the base of the ra36
Lip transversely ovate, callose-thickened near the base.

S. eublepharis var. glabriflora
Lip obovate or transversely cuneate-trapeziform above), callose-thickened near the middle
(when viewed from

37
lip
Sepals unequal, with the dorsal sepal markedly larger; of the leaf a gradual extension of the leaf-base
simple; petiole S. dispar
Sepals about equal; lip subtrilobed with equal lobules; petiole of the leaf S. lancea abrupt and distinct
Floral bracts approximate to imbricating, especially above
39
Floral bracts not approximate or imbricating, distinctly separate to re-
mote
in
mature racemes
48
Bracts widely spreading, conspicuous and exceeding the pedicellate ovary; S. serra lip truncate and more or less trilobulate in front Bracts not widely spreading, strongly ascending to incurved or appressed, 40 commonly inconspicuous Leaf-blade narrowly cuneate-spatulate, rounded at the apex; sepals relatively narrow, oblong-ovate S. spathulata
Leaf-blade lanceolate-elliptic, oblong, elliptic-oblong or oval 41 Sepals rounded above; bracts very prominent, falcate-incurved, much S. disticha exceeding the flowers
Sepals obtuse or acute to subacuminate; bracts not exceeding the flowers. 42 Dorsal sepal 5-nerved; plant stout S. phaeomelana Dorsal sepal 1- to 3-nerved or 3-striate 43
Flowers minute, sepals 1 mm. long Flowers larger, sepals about 2 mm. or more long Lip conspicuously acute or apiculate
S. hylophila
44
45
47 Lip broadly rounded or at most subacute above Sepals 3-striate, subfleshy; inflorescences with abbreviated peduncles S. striolata 1 (i.e., flowering almost to the base)
Sepals not 3-striate; inflorescences with a distinct, more or less elongate 46 peduncle Inner surface of the sepals pubescent; leaves oblong to oval, about 2 cm. or more wide S. floribunda
late,
Inner surface of the sepals glabrous; leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceoabout 1.7 cm. or less wide S. bicallosa
Leaf abruptly contracted above with a very obtuse or rounded

rather fleshy
tip; sepals
S. attenuata
48a.
Leaf gradually narrowed above, not broadly obtuse to rounded at the tip; S. Lindleyana sepals membranaceous 49 Lip acute (rarely subacute) or apiculate, sometimes minutely so
48b.
1
Lip obtuse (subacute in S. eublepharis) to rounded, truncate or bilobed
66
This species is presumed to be caespitose (without a creeping rhizome), although no mention is made in the description of its manner of growth, nor is there any evidence in the photograph of the type in the Lindley Herbarium.
168
49a.
FIELDIANA: BOTANY,
;
VOLUME
30
49b.
50a.
Dorsal sepal 5- to rarely 7-nerved flowers among the largest in the genus 50 Dorsal sepal 1- to 3-nerved (rarely S. Endresii has the lateral nerves 53 with short branches)
.
50b.
51a.
Entire lamina of the lip fleshy-thickened, prominently and sharply apicuS. leucopogon 1 an incurved point Entire lamina of the lip not fleshy-thickened, i.e., with a prominent 51 excavation above the middle
late with
Lip truncate or rounded-truncate at the apex, usually with a minute

apicule in the center
S. Koehleri
51b.
52a.
Lip triangular-acute at the apex

Sepals sharply acute to short-acuminate;
lip
52
oval-oblong in outline. S. megistantha

.
52b.
53a.
S. quinquenervia Sepals obtuse or subacute; lip broadly ovate in outline. Mature leaves narrowly linear or narrowly oblanceolate, 6 mm. or less 54 wide (if 6 mm. wide, acute or tridenticulate)
. .
53b.
54a.
Mature
7
leaves
broader
(not
narrowly linear or linear-oblanceolate),

to large
mm.
or
more wide; plants commonly medium-sized
57
Lip triangular-cordate, with serrulate margins on each
side; sepals obtuse.
S. stenophylla*
54b.
55a.
55b.
56a.
55 Lip not triangular-cordate and with entire margins S. apiculata Flowers distant, rather few; lip ovate, apiculate 56 Flowers dense, numerous; lip not strictly ovate and apiculate Leaf thickly coriaceous, surpassing the raceme; lip ovate-subquadrate S. minuta with rounded lateral angles in front
56b.
57a.
Leaf membranaceous, shorter than the raceme; lip rhombic-ovate with S. capillaris sharp lateral angles often with short and indistinct lateral nerves Sepals prominently 1-nerved, 58 near the base
Sepals (at least the dorsal one) 3-nerved or 3-striate
57b.
58a.
60
Disc of the
Disc of the
lip lip
58b.
59a.
S. uninervia without any definite callus with a prominent retuse or bilobed callus near the base ... 59
Inflorescences shorter than the leaf or slightly surpassing the leaf; sepals S. hylophila ovate, about 1 mm. long; lip obovate-subquadrate Inflorescences always much surpassing the leaf; sepals ovate or oblongovate, about 2 mm. long; lip rhombic-ovate or suborbicular-obovate. S. bicallosa
59b.
60a.
Lip broadest at the base, distinctly narrowed above with a triangular

S. juninensis apex; flowers relatively large Lip broader above the middle, or about equally broad altogether, more or 61 less abruptly contracted in front
60b.
61a.
61b.
Anterior part of the lip without a distinct, large excavated portion, i.e., the 62 thickening extending nearly or quite to the apex Anterior part of the lip with a more or less extensive excavated portion; 63 i.e., the thickening confined to the basal and middle parts
Some forms
of this species
from Central America have 3-nerved sepals.
While the descriptions of this concept make no mention of the neuration of the sepals, those of the supposed allies are 3-neryed, and the height of the plant was measured from a drawing of the type in the Reichenbach Herbarium.
2

62a.
169
62b.
63a.
Racemes much exceeding the subtending leaf; sepals triangular-ovate or S. Endresii very broadly ovate Racemes shorter than or subequaling the subtending leaf; sepals ellipticovate S. diffusa
Inflorescence floriferous almost to the base
Inflorescence with a
S. Herzogii
...
63b.
64a.
more or
less
elongate peduncle below the raceme
64
64b.
65a.
Rachis strongly fractiflex; flowers distant Rachis not strongly fractiflex; flowers approximate
S. flexuosa 1
65
Sepals more or less densely pubescent on the inner surface; lip retuse and S. floribunda apiculate at the apex Sepals glabrous; lip acute and
65b.
66a.
more
or less apiculate
S. bicallosa
Dorsal sepal prominently 5-nerved; flowers large for the genus.

S. Koehleri
66b.
Dorsal sepal either without nerves or 1- to 3-nerved (rarely with 1 or 2 supplementary nerves in S. elatior and S. triangulisepala) flowers usually small to minute 67
;
67a.
Sepals apparently without nerves; plant very small, about 4 cm. or less S. concinna high; leaves oval to suborbicular Sepals 1- to 3-nerved; plant larger, usually 5 cm. or much more high; leaves elliptic-oblong or ligulate (less often linear-oblong to obovate or oblanceolate)
67b.
68
less
68a.
Lip more or
3-lobed or 3-lobulate
69 72
68b.
69a.
Lip simple or bilobed

Sepals 1-nerved, often with a pair of indistinct lateral nerves Sepals 3-nerved; lobules of the lip subequal
70
71
69b.
70a.
Flowers rather distant; sepals obtuse; Flowers approximate; sepals acute;

Inflorescences
lip
lip
sharply 3-lobed or 3-dentate.

S.
mononeura
70b.
71a.
at
most obscurely
3-lobulate. S. hylophila
lip fleshyS. recurvula
subequaling or slightly exceeding the thickened below the middle

Inflorescences about 2 or 3 times shorter than the middle or above
leaf;
71b.
72a.
leaf; lip callose in
the
S. Weberbaueri
Rachis of the raceme markedly
fractiflex or flexuous
so,
73
in part
72b.
73a.
Rachis of the raceme straight or nearly

lightly fractiflex (in S. breviracema
sometimes arcuate or
and
S. hirta)
75
Dorsal sepal distinctly larger than the lateral sepals; leaf long-petioled, with the lamina linear-oblong to narrowly elliptic-oblong S. Hallii
Sepals subequal; leaf shortly or indistinctly petioled Sepals ovate, acute or subacute
73b.
74a.
74
S. piestopus
74b.
75a.
Sepals ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, obtuse to rounded at the apex. S. flexuosa Sepals more or less pubescent within.
Sepals glabrous within
76 80
75b.
1
lobules of the
This concept was described as having a minute apicule between the apical lip, but a flower from apparently authentic material appears to lack any apicule. However, it is entered in both branches of the key.
170
76a.

Inner surface of the sepals with long hairs Inner surface of the sepals without long hairs;
30
77
76b.
77a.
lip
truncate at the apex
...
78
77b.
78a.
S. hirta Lip suborbicular, membranaceous, 3-striate Lip transversely ovate-triangular, subacute to obtuse, with a fleshy
transverse keel
S. eublepharis 1 S. tricardium
78b.
79a.
Leaf oblong-spatulate; lip angulate (with 4 sharp angles) Leaf linear to elliptic-oblong; lip not angulate
79
Lamina Lamina
of the leaf linear to elliptic-linear, 8 transversely carinate or callose in the middle
mm.
or less wide; lip short, S. intermedia*
79b.
of the leaf oblong or elliptic-oblong, commonly 10 mm. or more wide; lip quadrate-oblong or oblong-cuneate, transversely carinate near the apex S. simacoensis
80a.
Inflorescences shorter than the subtending leaf
S. breviracema
.
80b.
81a.
Inflorescences distinctly surpassing the subtending leaf, usually much so 81 Lip bicallose near the base or through the lower half, thinly membra-
naceous above
81b.
82a.
S. bicallosa
Lip not bicallose near the base or thinly membranaceous above Dorsal sepal ovate or oblong-ovate, noticeably longer than broad
82
83
82b.
83a.
Dorsal sepal triangular-ovate or suborbicular-ovate, subequally long and broad 85

Plant small; lamina of the leaf 3.8 cm. or
less
long and 9
mm.
or less wide.
S. affinis
83b.
84a.
Plant relatively large; lamina of the leaf about 9 (rarely 4.5) cm. or more 84 long and 12 mm. or more wide
Sepals very unequal, with the dorsal sepal larger than the laterals; lip narrowed to an obtuse tip S. santiagoensis Sepals subequal; lip broadly rounded above Plant large, 18 cm. or more tall
S. elatior
S. viridipurpurea
84b.
85a.
85b.
86a.
Plant small, 15 cm. or
less tall
86
Flowers relatively large, dorsal sepal about 4.1

Flowers very small, dorsal sepal about 2
mm.
long. S. triangulisepala
86b.
87a.
mm.
Sepals triangular-ovate; lip suborbicular with humps through the middle
or less long 87 2 obscure longitudinal S. nephropetala
87b.
Sepals suborbicular-ovate; through the middle
lip
rhombic-ovate with a transverse callus S. Hallii var. minor
Stelis acutiflora (Ruiz
Humboldtia
236. 1798.
1
acutiflora
Ruiz
& Pav.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 139. & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et
1805.
Chil.
obscure species.
A photograph of the type number of this species from the Delessert Herbarium in Geneva appears to show an abbreviated rhizome and caespitose habit. However, the type collection of the recently described S. eublepharis var. glabriflora has an ascending rhizome.
2 This characterization and position in the key are based on three collections which I have referred to this inadequately described concept. They differ from Cogniaux' diagnosis in having apparently coriaceous leaves and slightly larger, pubescent sepals.

Huanuco: Pozuzo, on trees and rocks, Pavdn s.n. Judging from the photograph of Humboldtia acutiflora
in
171
(sterile)
the
Ames Herbarium,
this
concept
is
probably referable to
Pleurothallis.
Stelis
acutissima Lindl.
Fol. Orch. Stelis 14, no. 108. 1858.
Plant large for the genus, 25 cm. or more tall. Stem about 12.5 cm. high, with a long, loose, tubular-infundibuliform sheath in the middle. Leaf about equally long, narrowed to a slender, channelled petiole; lamina elliptic-oblong, about 9 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, very obtuse. Inflorescences 1-2, about twice as long as the leaf or more, with several large empty bracts below. Raceme distichous, rather densely many-flowered, with closely appressed, approximate or imbricating bracts. Flowers rather large, bilabiate. Dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, Lateral sepals connate into a sub5-nerved, apparently about 8 mm. long. Petals and lip very small, fleshyorbicular-ovate, concave, bidentate lamina. thickened on the margins. Lip apparently triangular, apiculate.
Cajamarca,
I
fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 135. 1921.
Also Ecuador (type).
with a
have examined a photograph of the type of this species together floral analysis from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Stelis affinis C. Schweinf. Bot.

9,
t.
Mus. Lean Harvard Univ.

.
15:
4.
1951.
Figure 24.
Plant small, slender, caespitose or with an abbreviated rhizome. Stems crowded, short, up to 6 cm. long, concealed by 3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf solitary, more or less erect, acute, gradually narrowed below into an indistinct petiole, 3.1-4.4 cm. long; lamina narrowly elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate, up to 9 mm. wide. Racemes 1 to 3 to a stem, erect or suberect, much surpassing the Floral bracts small, shallowly leaf, up to 10 cm. long, densely many-flowered. infundibuliform. Flowers very small, dull yellow, glabrous. Sepals connate at the base, 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal ovate, acute, about 2.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals suborbicular-ovate, a little shorter and slightly wider than the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely oval, fleshy-thickened at the broadly rounded apex. Lip about as long as the petals, transversely ovate, concave, broadly rounded in front, subcordate on each side at the base, with a prominent fleshy, transverse, bilobed keel near the base.
Puno: Prov.
gas 6947.
of
Carabaya, below Ollachea, 2500 meters, Var-
Stelis alba
species.
HBK. Nov.
Gen. et Sp.
1: 363.
1816
obscure
Plant small, caespitose. Stems up to 3.7 cm. long, entirely concealed by 3 loose, tubular, imbricating sheaths. Leaf oblong-elliptic, very shortly petioled, acute or subacute, up to about 7.8 cm. long and 1.7 cm. wide. Spike solitary,
FIG. 24.
Stelis affinis C.
Schweinf.
1,
plant;
20.
X %.
2, flower
from front;
10.
3, petal;
20.
4, lip
from
side;
5, lip
from front;
20.
172
173
about 10 cm. tall, subtended at the base by a conspicuous, conduplicate spathe about 1.2 cm. long. Flowers subdense, very small, nodding, white. Sepals oblong or ovate-oblong, acute. Petals minute, cuneate-rhombic.
9: 135. 1921.
Cajamarca and Huanuco, Also Colombia
fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
(type).
photograph of what is apparently the type collection of this species from the Humboldt, Bonpland Herbarium in Paris adds It appears to be allied to Stelis little to the type description.
floribunda
HBK.
Stelis apiculata Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 11, no. 76. 1858.
Plant small, densely caespitose, diffuse, up to about 6 cm. high. Leaf oblanceolate-linear, up to about 4.5 cm. long and 2 mm. wide, apiculate, gradually long-petioled below. Inflorescence capillary, much exceeding the leaf, lax, commonly very loosely few- to several-flowered. Flowers very minute. Sepals ovate. Petals much smaller, narrowly cuneate, 1-nerved, thickened at the rounded apex.
Lip broadly ovate, abruptly lobulate-apiculate.
Cajamarca,
fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.

a
9: 135. 1921.
photograph
of the type, bearing
floral analysis
from the
Lindley Herbarium at Kew, was examined.

Stelis
ascendens
Lindl.
Comp. Bot. Mag.
2: 353. 1836; Fol.
Humboldtia oblonga Willd. ex Lindl. 9, no. 64. 1858. Fol. Orch. Stelis 9, no. 64. 1858, in synon.
Orch. Stelis
short, ascending,
Plant small, with an elongate, ascending, sheathed rhizome. Secondary stems more or less remote, up to about 3 cm. long. Leaf oblong-elliptic,
shortly petioled, up to about 4 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, coriaceous, subacute or obtuse. Inflorescence about twice as long as the leaf, quaquaversal, loosely manyflowered.
Flowers very small, globose.
equal. Petals much smaller, subrotund, Lip similar to the petals, acute, fleshy.
Sepals connate below, ovate, acute, submembranaceous, with 3 clavate veins.
Tacna: Valley of Lloa (Loa), about 2400 meters, Hall s.n. (type). Loreto, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 135. 1921.
I
have examined a sheet from the Lindley Herbarium at
Kew
bearing the type collection with floral analysis.

Stelis ascensor C. Schweinf. Bot.
15: 10,
t. 5.
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
1951.
Figure 25.
Rhizome ascending, slender, concealed by Stems strongly ascending, more or less approximate
Plant medium-sized, slender.

tubular, evanescent sheaths.
174
30
(up to 1.5 cm. apart), about 7.6-9 cm. long, with 3 rather loose, tubular sheaths, the uppermost large and separated from the others. Leaf solitary, petioled, up to 9.4 cm. long; lamina narrowly elliptic-oblong or oblong, acute, cuneate below,
6-8 cm. long, up to 13 mm. wide. Racemes solitary (rarely 2) to a stem, much leaf, subdensely many-flowered but looser below, with the flowers secund in anthesis, about 13-17 cm. long. Floral bracts small, spreading. Flowers small, bilabiate, glabrous, yellow-brown. Sepals 3-nerved, connate at the base. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, subacute, about 3.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate to the middle or above, deeply concave, suborbicular-ovate, shorter and slightly wider than the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely oval, broadly rounded and somewhat fleshy-thickened above. Lip slightly longer than the petals, broadly triangular-ovate, concave, subacute or obtuse, truncatesubcordate at the base, with a large fleshy thickening in the center of the base.
surpassing the
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Hda. Ttio, Marcapata, 2000 meters, in sunny, rocky places, Vargas 3115.
Stelis aspera (Ruiz
boldtia aspera
&
Pav.) Pers. Syn.

Fl.
PL
2: 524. 1807.
Hum-
Ruiz
&
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Peruv. et Chil. 236. 1798.
Pleurothallis sp.
The cordate-lanceolate leaf, as well as the congested flowers, of the type description of Humboldtia aspera, clearly indicate the
genus Pleurothallis.
Huanuco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 135. 1921. Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Churupallana, on mountains, Pavdn s.n.
(type).
Stelis
attenuata
Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 2, no. 7. 1858.
Stelis
Lindleyana Cogn. Harvard Univ. 10: 120. 1942.

Stems
var.
carnosior C.
Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Plant caespitose (often densely so), medium-sized, up to about 27 cm. tall. short, 3-6.5 cm. high, entirely concealed by several tubular, imbricating sheaths. Leaf solitary, shortly and indistinctly petioled, 9-18.3 cm. long; lamina narrowly oblong to elliptic-oblong, abruptly obtuse, cuneate below, up to 2.4 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, slender, more or less surpassing the leaf, up to 24 cm. long, strict or flexuous, densely many-flowered, with the flowers subsecund or spiral in course of development. Floral bracts small, appressed, mostly approximate or imbricating and looser below. Flowers very small, subglobose, greenish yellow, green or dark purple. Sepals connate at the base, 3- or indistinctly 5-nerved, rather fleshy, finely papillose within especially near the margins. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, acute, up to 3.2 mm. long and nearly as broad. Lateral sepals similar but slightly smaller, round-ovate, obtuse to subacute. Petals much smaller than the sepals, subquadrate-cuneate, rather fleshy above. Lip similar to the petals in size, cuneate-subquadrate with a truncate apex or (when viewed from the front) with a broadly rounded apex; disc with a transverse, fleshy thickening near the middle.
FIG. 25. Slelis ascensor C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X %. natural position; about X 4. 3, flower from front, expanded;
5, lip
2,
flower from side,

8.
4, petal;
20.
from front;
20.
6, lip
from
side;
20.
175
176
30
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 Smith 23150. Cajamarca, meters, epiphyte in open woods, Killip fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 135. 1921. Junin: San
&
Ramon, 900-1300
24753.
meters, epiphyte in dry woods, Killip Also Colombia (type).
&
Smith
Stelis bicallosa Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

109, nr. 428. 1929.
9: 63. 1921;
Mansf.
t.
Plant caespitose, variable, small to medium-sized, up to 30 cm. tall. Stems about 4-12 cm. long, more or less concealed by several tubular sheaths. Leaf solitary, shortly petioled; lamina oblong to narrowly elliptic-oblong or ellipticlanceolate, sometimes slightly broader above the middle, 4-11.6 cm. long, up to 1.9 cm. wide, obtuse to acute, gradually narrowed below. Inflorescences 1 to several, commonly about twice as long as the leaf, densely many-flowered, up to 19 cm. long. Bracts small, inconspicuous. Flowers very small, membranaceous, subglabrous, greenish yellow or whitish yellow. Sepals connate at the base, free portions subequal, ovate to oblong-ovate, obtuse to apiculate, more or less disPetals minute, suborbicular-obovate, tinctly 3-nerved, about 2 mm. long. thickened at the rounded or subtruncate apex. Lip similar to the petals in size, suborbicular-obovate or rhombic-ovate, concave, bicallose or with a deeply
bilobed callus occupying the basal half, (rarely obtuse) at the apex.
membranaceous above, acute
to apiculate
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 Smith 22753 (large plant meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip with apiculate sepals). Cuzco: Ollantaytambo, about 3000 meters, on reforested terraces, Cook Prov. of Convention, Gilbert 616.
&
&
Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphyte in dense Huanuco: Between Huanuco and Pampayaco forest, Vargas 2545. (Pampayacu), Kanehira 341. Mito, about 2700 meters, "on ledges of dryish grass-shrub slope," Macbride & Feather stone 1685, Macbride 3283.Jumn: Beyond Palca, 2200-2600 meters, Weberbauer 1795 (type). Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 2000 meters, epiphyte on grass-steppe covering mountain side, Woytkowski 37009.
Stelis
breviracema C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

t. 6.
Leafl.
Harvard
Univ. 15: 12,
1951.
Figure 26.
Plant medium-sized, about 18.5 cm. or
what abbreviated, creeping rhizome.

long, with 2-3 close,
less high, subcaespitose with a someStems crowded, slender, about 4.7-9.5 cm. tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is elongate and
separated.
elliptic, acute,
Leaf solitary, long-petioled, 5.7-10.3 cm. long; lamina narrowly cuneate below, chartaceous, about 4.5-7 cm. long and 9-15 mm. wide. Inflorescences 2 to each stem, more or less shorter than the leaf, erect to diffuse, rather loosely several- to many-flowered, up to about 8.6 cm. long. Floral bracts very small, infundibuliform. Flowers small, glabrous, yellow. Sepals connate near the base, concave, 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, acute,
STELIS
FIG. 26.
front;
Stem's breviracema
3, petal;
C. Schweinf.
1,
plant;
16.
X %.
5, lip
2,
flower from
10.
16.
4, lip
from front;
177
from
side;
16.
178
30
mm. long. Lateral sepals round-ovate, obtuse to subacute, shorter and wider than the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, rhombic, fleshy-thickened above, strongly obtuse or rounded at the apex. Lip about as long as the petals, ovate, cordate at the base, rounded at the apex, about 0.75-0.9 mm. long, and slightly narrower; disc with a large, fleshy, sulcate thickening.
about 3
a
little
la
mon tafia," 3000
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, "laderas de Pillahuata, ceja de meters, epiphytic in rain-forest, Vargas 3665.
Stelis capillaris Lindl. Hook.
Comp.
Bot.
Mag.
2: 353. 1836;

Plant caespitose, small, up to about 15 cm. tall. Stem short. Leaf linear or up to about 7.6 cm. long and 7 mm. wide, subacute to obtuse (rarely retuse), gradually narrowed to a sessile or short-petioled base, membranaceous. Racemes very slender, diffuse, densely many-flowered, a little longer than the leaves, apparently about 10 cm. long. Flowers minute. Sepals not described. Petals dwarf, subquadrate-cuneate, with a thickened subtruncate apex. Lip similar to the petals in size, ovate-rhombic, lightly 3-lobed; lateral lobes abbreviated, spreading, acute; mid-lobe broadly ovate, acute.
oblanceolate-linear,
Huanuco: Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews 1909 Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 135. 1921.
(type).
Loreto, fide
A photograph of the type, bearing a partial floral analysis from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew, was examined.
Stelis
chachapoyensis Reichb.
f.
Bonpl. 3: 225. 1855; Lindl.

Plant medium-sized, up to about 22 cm. tall. Stems freely proliferating, with the superposed members up to about 6.5 cm. long, each concealed by 2 or 3 tubular, imbricating sheaths which are evanescent in age, rooting at the nodes. Leaf solitary on each stem-member, short-petioled, oval to narrowly elliptic, apiculate at the rounded apex, up to about 4.5 cm. long (including the petiole) and 1.3 cm. wide, fleshy. Inflorescence suberect or lightly flexuous, densely many-flowered, subsecund, much surpassing the leaf, about 6-12.7 cm. long.
Floral bracts large, spreading, acuminate, nearly as long as the flowers. Sepals connate near the base, rather small, bilabiate, fleshy, 3- or indistinctly 5-nerved.
Lateral Dorsal sepal triangular-ovate or round-ovate, about 2.75 mm. long. sepals connate into a suborbicular shortly bidentate lamina. Petals very small, semiorbicular-reniform, fleshy and often apiculate above. Lip slightly larger than
the petals, transversely rhombic or cuneate-subquadrate, more or less 3-dentate in front, with a transverse crenulate keel near the middle.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, on rocks, Mathews 3701. This description was compiled from the diagnoses cited, from drawings with somewhat diverse floral analyses from the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna, and from a photograph of what appears to be an isotype in the Delessert Herbarium in Geneva.
179
Stelis concaviflora C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 115, t. 13, figs. 1-5. 1942. Figure 27.
Plant medium-sized, up to 18 cm. high, caespitose. Stems densely clustered, to 7.5 cm. tall, loosely clothed with 2 or 3 tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths. Leaf solitary, narrowly elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, minutely
up
tridenticulate at the acute apex, cuneate-narrowed below to a short, indistinct petiole, up to 7.8 cm. long and 1.25 cm. wide, rigid and coriaceous in the dried
specimen.
long.
Raceme many-flowered, subdense above,
Inflorescence solitary, about twice as long as the leaf, up to 13.3 cm. rather loose below, secund, about
5-8 cm. long. Flowers small, bilabiate, glabrous, light green or green-yellow throughout. Sepals all connate below the middle. Dorsal sepal (free portion) broadly ovate, obtuse to subacute, 3-nerved, about 4.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a deeply concave, basally saccate and apically retuse lamina which is only slightly shorter than the entire dorsal sepal. Petals minute, transversely subquadrate-ovate or hexagonal, subacute at the fleshy-thickened apex. Lip very small but larger than the petals, about 1.5 mm. long, deeply concave, ovate or rhombic-ovate with upcurved sides, obtuse or subacute, the lower half occupied by a large, fleshy, convex and bilobed callus.
Apurimac: Prov. of Andahuaylas, Quebrada north of Chincheros, 2800 meters, among cliffs and gravelly clay banks, Stork & Horton 10765 (type). Abancay, below Quiahuala, 3380 meters, on rocks and dry banks of deep valley in partial shade, flowers green-yellow,
Balls 6904.
Stelis
concinna
Lindl.
Hook. Journ. Bot.

Reichb.
1: 11.
f.
Stelis 6, no. 34. 1858.
Stelis capillipes
1834; Fol. Orch. Bonpl. 3: 240. 1855.
Plant very small, caespitose, up to about 10 cm. tall. Stems abbreviated, about 2 cm. or less long, concealed by tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf oval to suborbicular or round-obovate, subacute to rounded at the apex, marginate, abruptly narrowed into a short petiole, about 1.2-2 cm. (nearly 5 cm., according
to Reichenbach) long. Inflorescences 1-2, filiform, much surpassing the leaf, up to about 8 cm. long, including the strongly fractiflex raceme which is loosely 3- to 12-flowered. Floral bracts minute. Flowers very small, membranaceous.
Sepals rounded-oblong, subequal, pubescent on the margins, 1-nerved or 3-nerved near the base, about 1.5 mm. long. Petals much smaller, round-obovate. Lip smaller than the petals, obovate, emarginate and minutely apiculate at the broadly rounded apex; disc with a large fleshy, apically bilobed callus.
(type of S. concinna).
of S. capillipes).
Peru: Peragua, on the bark of trees among mosses, Hall s.n. Tacna: Valley of Lloa, Jameson 265 (type
Stelis
connata
Presl, Rel.
Haenk.
1:
103. 1827; Lindl. Fol.
Orch. Stelis 15, no. 113. 1858.

7.5
Plant small to medium-sized, caespitose, up to 24 cm. tall. Stem up to about cm. long, provided with 2 or 3 tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is
180
30
longest and separated. Leaf solitary, petioled, up to 10.4 cm. long; lamina oblong to oblong-elliptic ("oblong lanceolate"), obtuse to subacute, narrowed to a distinct petiole, coriaceous, up to 8 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, about
twice as long as the leaf when mature, up to 19 cm. long; raceme loosely to subdensely flowered, secund, several- to many-flowered. Floral bracts small, infundibuliform, acuminate, erect or appressed. Flowers small, yellow or greenish Dorsal sepal yellow (rarely purple), bilabiate. Sepals connate at the base. broadly triangular-ovate, subobtuse to acuminate, 5- to 7-nerved, the free portion
Lateral sepals connate into a semiorbicular, bidentate a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, lunatesemiorbicular, with the upper margins broadly rounded and fleshy-thickened. Lip smaller than the petals, cuneate-subquadrate or (when viewed from the front) transversely subrhombic with a fleshy transverse callus near the middle.
up
to 3.6
mm.
long.
lamina which
is
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Hartweg s.n. Cuzco: Near Rio Yanamayo, below "Pillahuata," 2000-2300 meters, epiphyte in forValle de Cosnipata, between Mistiana and est, Pennell 14075a. about 800 meters, Scolnik 891. Huanuco: On mountains Keros, near Huanocco (Huanuco), Haenke s.n. (type). Prov. of Huanuco, Campamento Boza between Pumahuasi and Divisoria, about 1000
meters, epiphyte, Asplund 13241. Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 135. 1921. San Martin: Near Divisoria, 59 km.
from Tingo Maria on highway to Pucallpa, about 1600 meters, on bank, Allard 21769. 180 km. from Huanuco, along highway to Yuroc, at the bridge over Arroyo Bravo, 1350 meters on bank, Allard 20377. Tingo Maria, 625-1100 meters, Allard 20377a. Also
Bolivia, fide Lindley.
Stelis contorta (Ruiz

boldtia contorta
& Pav.)
Pers. Syn.
Fl.
PL
2: 524. 1807.
Hum-
Ruiz
&
Pav. Syst. Veg.

trees
Peruv. et Chil. 235. 1798.
Pleurothallis sp.
Huanuco: Muna, on
Stelis cordata (Ruiz
boldtia cordata
and rocks, Pavon
s.n.
&
Ruiz
&
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Pav.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 140. 1805. HumFl. Peruv. et Chil. 234. 1798.
Pleurothallis cordata Lindl.
Huanuco: Muna,
in
mountains, on rocks and
trees,
Pavdn
s.n.
Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 114. 1854; Stelis cupuligera Reichb. f. no. 112. 1858. Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 15,
Plant large for the genus, more than 30 cm. tall (with the stem incomplete). stout, angled in the dried specimen. Leaf oblong-oblanceolate, rather longpetioled, about 13.5 cm. long; lamina elliptic-oblong, about 11 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, acute, cuneate at the base. Inflorescences 2 to 3, about twice as long as the leaf, lightly flexuous, about 29 cm. long; peduncle about 13.5 cm. long, dis-
&
Stem
conca -Ji^^ora
0.
grandi brQ.c~t~ea~to.
FIG. 27.
5.
O. Scfiuse
^2- 2, flower from side; Stelis concaviflora C. Schweinf. I, plant; 15. S. grandi15. 5, lip from side; 10. 4, lip from above; 1 10. 5. 8, petal; bracteata C. Schweinf. 6, plant; A- 1, flower from above;
3, petal;
9, lip
from above;
10.
10, lip
from
side;
10.
181
182
30
tantly 3- to 5-sheathed; raceme elongate, rather loosely many-flowered, spiral. Floral bracts small, infundibuliform, acute. Flowers rather small, bilabiate.
Dorsal sepal triangular or lanceolate-ovate, obtuse, 5-nerved. Lateral sepals connate into a suborbicular-ovate, bidentate lamina which is much broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, rhombic, with the upper half fleshy-thickened. Lip similar to the petals in size, rhombic or (when viewed from the front) triangular-ovate, obtuse, longitudinally 3-carinate near the base.
s.n.
No material of this species has been seen; the description was compiled by reference to a drawing with floral analysis, from the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna.
Stelis curvicarina
C. Schweinf.
Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard
Univ. 15: 14,
t. 7.
1951.
Figure 28.
Plant medium-sized, slender, caespitose, up to 27.5 cm. tall. Stems approximate, slender, about 6 cm. long, concealed by 3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf solitary, shortly petioled, about 7 cm. or less long; lamina narrowly oblong or elliptic-oblong, subacute, cuneate below, up to 5.8 cm. long and 1 cm. wide,
Inflorescences 1-2, much surpassing the leaf, erect or nearly so, coriaceous. densely or subdensely many-flowered (looser near the base), up to 20 cm. long. Floral bracts very small, shallowly infundibuliform. Flowers small, distichous, bilabiate, glabrous. Sepals connate below, 3-nerved, membranaceous. Dorsal
sepal elliptic-ovate, subacute, about 3.9 mm. long. Lateral sepals more or less connate (from one half nearly to the apex), deeply concave, each one very obliquely
suborbicular-ovate with broadly rounded outer margin and nearly straight inner margin, smaller than the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, transverse, semiorbicularovate, broadly rounded and fleshy-thickened above. Lip slightly longer than the
petals, suborbicular-ovate, broadly
rounded
in front, obscurely 3-lobed at the
base, the lobules being separated
by a
transverse, fleshy, arching keel.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2100 meters, on rocks, Vargas 3343.

Stelis densiflora Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 16, no. 118. 1858.
Plant medium-sized to tall for the genus, apparently with a short, ascending rhizome (incomplete in our specimens), up to about 33.5 cm. high. Stem clothed with 2 or 3 tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is largest and separated, up to 15 cm. long. Leaf solitary, petioled, up to 14 cm. long; lamina oval to oblongelliptic or oblong, subacute to obtuse, cuneate below, up to 13 cm. long, 1.4-2.8 cm. wide. Inflorescences commonly solitary (rarely remnants of 5 shown), about twice as long as the leaf, up to 25.5 cm. long; raceme densely many-flowered above, Floral loosely flowered below, commonly secund, about 16 cm. or less long. bracts shorter than the flowers, ascending or appressed, shallowly infundibuliform. Flowers very variable in size, medium-sized to relatively large for the genus, bilabiate, brown to purple. Sepals connate at the base. Dorsal sepal triangularovate (often very broadly so), acute, 5- to 7-nerved (sometimes indistinctly), up to 5.3 mm. long. Lateral sepals distinctly smaller, connate into a concave, more
STELIS
FIG. 28.
Stelis curvicarina
C. Schweinf.
1,
plant;
quarters view;
8.
3, petal;
20.
4, lip
from front;
X %. X 30.
2, flower, three5, lip
from
side;
30.
183
184
30
Petals dwarf, transversely oblong-elliptic or subdolabriform, fleshy-thickened at the broadly rounded or subtruncate apex. Lip smaller than the petals, transversely ovate-rhombic and acute when viewed
or less deeply-bidentate lamina.
front, or subquadrate-cuneate and truncate when viewed from above, with a transverse median thickening, up to 1.3 mm. long.
from the
Chachapoyas, on rocks, Mathews s.n. (type). on moist banks, Mathews 8201 (probably topotype). Chachapoyas, Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Sta. Isabel Cosnipata, 1320 meters, epiphyte, Vargas 6772, 6773. Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, in evergreen woods, 2400 meters, Ferreyra 2711. Huanuco: Km. 67, between Carpish and Chinchao, about 2460 meters, terrestrial in
cloud forest, Seibert 2226.
Stelis diffusa C. Schweinf. Bot.
10: 117,
t.
Amazonas:
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
14, figs. 1-4. 1942.
Figure 29.
Stems approximate,
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to 25 cm. high.
suberect to flexuous, up to 17 cm. long, mostly concealed by about 3 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf solitary, long-petioled, up to 12 cm. long; lamina
obtuse to subacute, cuneate below, up to 9.5 cm. long cm. wide, chartaceous. Inflorescences 1-5, more or less diffuse, usually shorter than the leaf but rarely slightly exceeding it, loosely several- to manyflowered above, up to 12 cm. long. Floral bracts small, shallowly infundibuliform. Flowers small, greenish white with reddish center. Sepals connate at the base, 3-nerved, pubescent on the inner surface. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, subacute to obtuse, up to 3.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals closely similar but somewhat shorter. Petals minute, cuneate-subquadrate or rounded obovate, fleshy-thickened near the truncate to broadly rounded apex. Lip similar to the petals but smaller, cuneate-subquadrate, nearly 1 mm. long, broadly truncate-rounded in front with a minute incurved apicule in the center; disc mostly covered by a large,
elliptic to oblong-elliptic,
and
2.8
fleshy thickening.
Huanuco: Huacachi, near Muna, "montana," 2000 meters, Macbride 4148 (type). Yanano, about 1850 meters, on mossy tree,
Macbride 3845.
Stelis discolor Reichb.
Stelis 9, no. 60. 1858.
f.
Bonpl. 3: 240. 1855; Lindl. Fol. Orch.
Plant small, with a creeping rhizome, up to about 15 cm. high from the base of the secondary stem to the tip of the raceme. Secondary stems short, about 3 cm. long, ascending from a decumbent base, completely invested by several tubular, imbricating sheaths. Leaf solitary, shortly-petioled, elliptic to oblong-spatulate,
subacute or obtuse, gradually narrowed below, coriaceous, up to about 5.7 cm. long; lamina up to 4.2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, twice as long as the leaf or more, up to about 12.6 cm. long, with a sublaxly many-flowered raceme. Flowers small, purple. Sepals connate at the base, subequal, roundovate, acute or apiculate, papillose-velutinous within, about 2 mm. long. Petals
dififi'LtSQ.
C.
ScAweinfi
FIG. 29.
5.
3, lip
6,
XI.
2, flower from above; Stelis diffusa C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X V^ from above; X 15. 4, petal; X 10. S. minuta C. Schweinf. 5, plant; flower from above; X 20. 7, lip from above; X 30. 8, petal; X 30.
185
186
30
much
smaller, transverse, cuneate-subquadrate, or broadly obovate, with the subtruncate apex lightly thickened. Lip reniform-ovate, more or less acute, callose-thickened in the middle near the base, about 1 mm. long.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 136. 1921. Also Ecuador (type).
This diagnosis was prepared with the aid of a specimen of the type number in the Ames Herbarium.
Stelis dispar C. Schweinf. Fieldiana,
Botany 28:
177,
fig.
30.
1951.
Plant medium-sized for the genus, epiphytic, with a slender, elongate rhizome by close sheaths. Secondary stems numerous, scattered (about 2.5 cm. apart) to crowded, making an acute angle with the rhizome, concealed by 2-4 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths, very variable in size, about 3-12 cm. long. Leaf solitary, long-petioled, up to 10.9 cm. long; lamina oblong-elliptic, acute, gradually narrowed below to a distinct petiole, coriaceous, about 4-8.7 cm. long, up to 1.7 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1-4 (more often 1-2), suberect to diffuse, shorter than to (rarely) twice as long as the leaf, rather densely many-flowered above and loosely flowered below. Floral bracts minute to small, infundibuliform. Flowers small, glabrous, deep purple, lavender, blood-red to pale greenish white. Sepals connate at the base, 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate to round-ovate, subacute to obtuse, about 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals distinct but markedly smaller, very obliquely round-ovate. Petals minute, suborbicular-rhombic, with the upper portion broadly rounded and fleshy-thickened. Lip subequaling the petals, semiorbicular-ovate when viewed from the front, transversely cuneatetrapeziform with a broad truncate apex when viewed from above, with a transverse bilobed callus across the middle and a small, inconspicuous, conical tubercle near the base, about 0.8 mm. long.
concealed
Huancavelica: Prov. of Tayacaja, Montepungo, 5 km. east of Surcubamba, 3000 meters, on mossy tree trunks, Stork & Norton 10385. Also Venezuela (type) with somewhat smaller bracts and red
to white flowers.
Stelis disticha Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 47, t. 81. 1836; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 2, no. 1. 1858; Cogn. Martius Fl.
Bras. 3, pt. 4: 346. 1896.
Plant caespitose, rather large, up to about 45 cm. high. Stems short, stout, concealed by several tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths, up to 6 cm. long. Leaf solitary, short-petioled; lamina oblong to elliptic-oblong, subacute, gradually narrowed below, up to 14 cm. long and 2.7 cm. wide, subcoriaceous; petiole stout, channelled, up to 1.5 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary, 25-40 cm. long, 2 or 3 times as long as the leaf, densely many-flowered almost to the base, lightly arcuate.
Floral bracts prominent, distichous, imbricated, amplexicaul, laterally flattened, incurved, exceeding the flowers. Flowers very small, yellowish, 6-7 mm. across. Sepals similar, spreading, subrounded, 3-nerved, broadly rounded at the apex,
187
connate nearly to the apex. Petals minute, semiorbicular-flabellate, with a subtruncate apex. Lip very short and broad, deeply concave, truncate at the apex.
on
Huanuco: Cuchero (Cochero) and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), trees, Poeppig 1605 (type). Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews 1913,
fide Lindley.
We
have seen no material of
this species.
Univ. 15: 15,
Stelis dupliciformis C. Schweinf. Bot. t. 8. 1951. Figure 30.
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard
Plant medium-sized, epiphytic, with a prominent rhizome concealed by close, Stems obliquely ascending, produced in pairs tubular, imbricating sheaths. about 3 cm. apart on the rhizome, about 12-14 cm. long, clothed by 2-4 tubular
sheaths of which the uppermost
is
separated and
much
the largest.
Leaf solitary,
long-petioled, 10.6-13 cm. long; lamina lanceolate-elliptic, subacute, gradually cuneate below, chartaceous, about 8.5-10 cm. long, up to 3 cm. wide. Inflo-
rescences 2 (rarely 3) to each stem, shorter than or very slightly exceeding the leaf, suberect or spreading, many-flowered (densely so above and loosely so below),
up to 14 cm. long. Floral bracts small, shallowly infundibuliform. Flowers rather large for the genus, secund in course of development, conspicuously bilabiate, dull reddish white. Sepals connate below, minutely cellular-pubescent within.
Dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 5-nerved below the middle, about 6.1 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate nearly to the apex into a concave lamina, each one suborbicularovate, 3- to 4-nerved, shorter and slightly broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals
minute, rhombic-ovate, broadly rounded and fleshy-thickened above. Lip slightly smaller than the petals, ovate to rhombic-ovate, obtuse, with upcurved sides, about 1.25 mm. long and broad; disc with a large transverse, fleshy, bilobed callus.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Cachubamba, Marcapata, 2800 meters, in forest, Vargas 3816.
Stelis elatior Lindl. Hook. Orch. Stelis 12, no. 91. 1858.
Comp. Bot. Mag.
2: 353. 1836; Fol.
Plant rather large, caespitose, up to about 36 cm. tall. Stem up to about 12.7 cm. long, provided with several tubular sheaths which are short and imbricating below, the upper one being
much
larger, separate
and
loose.
Leaf
solitary, oblong to oblong-elliptic, obtuse to subacute, narrowed to a sessile or subsessile base, up to 12.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescences
commonly solitary (rarely 2 to a stem), up to about 25.5 cm. long, many-flowered, rather dense above and loose below, somewhat diffuse and often nodding above. Floral bracts very small, infundibuliform. Flowers small. Sepals widely spreading, glabrous,
connate at the base.
Dorsal sepal ovate or oblong-ovate, obtuse,
distinctly 3-nerved with 2 short outer nerves, up to 4.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals a little narrower, oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 3- or 4- (rarely 5-)
nerved.
Petals minute, transverse, semiorbicular-reniform, fleshy-thickened above with a broadly rounded apex. Lip slightly larger than the petals, ovate-semiorbicular or "oblong," broadly rounded above, with a transverse, fleshy keel near the base, about 1 mm. long.
dupliciformis C Schive inf.
FIG. 30.
side;
side;
Stelis dupliciformis C.
3, flower
6, lip
Schweinf.
1,
X X
3.
10.
from front, expanded; from front; X 10.

188
3.
plant; X 4, petal;
A-
2
10.
flower from
5, lip
from
189
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1914 (type). Loreto: Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and Moyobamba, 600-1200 meters, epiphyte in forest, flowers yellow-green, Klug 0,6. This diagnosis was partially compiled from a photograph of the type bearing a floral analysis, in the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Gard. Chron. 1870: 1373; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 3. 1953. Stelis Huebneri Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 42, Abt. 2: 88. 1925. Figure 31.
f.
Stelis Endresii Reichb.
FIG. 31.
Stelis Endresii
Reichb.
15.
f.
1,
flower; about
15.
3, lip,
front view;
4, petal;
15.
5,
X 8. 2, lip, side view; column, anther removed;
about
15.
Drawn by Blanche Ames.
Plant caespitose, medium-sized, up to about 24 cm. high. Stems short, up to about 5.5 cm. high, concealed by 2-3 tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths. Leaf solitary, oblanceolate or oblong-spatulate to elliptic-ligulate, up to 13 cm. long and 2.2 cm. wide, obtuse to broadly rounded (rarely subacute) at the apex,
more or
gradually petiolate-narrowed below. Inflorescence usually solitary, as long as the leaf or more, rather loosely many-flowered, suberect to diffuse or arcuate. Floral bracts minute, infundibuliform. Flowers rather small, variable both in size and venation, greenish often with a purplish or brownish center, purplish, dark red or rarely dull lavender and salmon. Sepals connate at the base, more or less distinctly pubescent within. Dorsal sepal ovate or triangular-ovate, acute to obtuse, 3- to 5-nerved, up to about 4 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, commonly slightly smaller and oblique. Petals many times smaller than the sepals, transversely cuneate-subquadrate, fleshy-thickened at the truncate apex. Lip smaller than the petals, transversely obovate-subquadrate, shortly clawed, abruptly truncate in front with a minute, sharp, inflexed apicule in the center, fleshy-thickened through the middle, up to about 0.9 mm. long.
less
commonly about twice
190
30
of Tingo Maria, along road, 738 meters, moist forested valley, Seibert 2257. Loreto: On the Maranon River, at the mouth of the Santiago River, near Pongo de Manseriche, 160 meters, epiphyte in rain-forest, Tessmann 4087. Right bank of Santiago River, 200 meters, epiphyte on tall tree, Mexia 6232. Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte in dense Also Mexico through Costa Rica (type of S. forest, Klug 10069. to Panama (Middle America), and Venezuela, Brazil (type Endresii) of S. Huebneri) and Peru in South America.
Huanuco: 6 km. south

in
on tree trunk
Stelis eublepharis Reichb.
f.
Bonpl. 3: 240. 1855; Lindl. Fol.
Orch. Stelis 13, no. 99. 1858.

Plant small, probably with a creeping rhizome (which is not evident in our specimen), up to almost 10 cm. tall from the base of the stem to the tip of the raceme. Secondary stems up to 4.5 cm. long, entirely concealed by 3 tubular, imbricating sheaths of which the uppermost is much the largest. Leaf solitary,
elliptic-spatulate, relatively long-petioled,
up to 5.5 cm. long; lamina elliptic to up to about 4 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide; petiole stout, channelled. Inflorescence solitary, up to about 7.6 cm. long, subequaling or slightly exceeding the leaf in the course of development, loosely manyoblong-elliptic, subacute, cuneate below,
flowered nearly to the base. Floral bracts small, infundibuliform. Flowers very small. Sepals subequal, connate at the base, round-ovate, acute, 3-nerved, lanate
within, about 2 mm. or less long. Petals much smaller, semiorbicular, membranaceous. Lip as small as the petals, transverse, ovate-triangular, subacute to obtuse, thickened in the center with a more or less conspicuous transverse keel.
Huanuco,
fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.

of the type
9:
136.
1921.

I have seen a photograph number.
and a
collection of this
Stelis eublepharis Reichb. f. var. glabriflora C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 3. 1953.
Plant small, similar to the type, with an ascending rhizome. Leaf somewhat narrower than in the type, up to 5.9 cm. long and 1 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1-2, commonly many-flowered and densely (not loosely) flowered above. Flowers glabrous (not lanate or distinctly pubescent within), somewhat larger than in the Dorsal sepal about 3 mm. long. Petals and lip similar to those of the type.
species.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Cachubamba, Marcapata, 2800 meters, epiphyte, perianth yellow and purple, Vargas 3818 (type). Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2050 meters, on rocks, perianth bright yellow, Vargas 5544 (plant smaller than typical throughout).

Stelis
191
Filomenoi
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
9:
63.
1921;
109, nr. 429. 1929.
Plant medium-sized, about 25 cm. tall, with a stout, ascending rhizome. Secondary stems approximate, slender, up to 10 cm. long, provided with 3 tubular sheaths. Leaf petioled, up to 12.5 cm. long; lamina elliptic-ligulate, obtuse, gradually narrowed below into a petiole, up to 10 cm. long and 2.8 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 to 2, floriferous almost to the base. Floral bracts very small. Flowers very small, dark purple. Sepals rhombic-ovate, subequal, 3-nerved, rather obtuse, minute-papillose within, about 1.5 mm. long. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transverse, broadly rhombic, with a thickened, triangular, obtuse apex. Lip scarcely larger than the petals, obovate-subquadrate, very broadly rounded above and truncate at the base, in the middle of each side fleshy-thickened, the thickening excised in the middle with a small oblong callus interposed.
Loreto: Near
Moyobamba, Filomeno
s.n.
material of this concept has been seen. The description of the flower parts was mostly drawn from the illustration cited above.
Stelis flacca Reichb.
Stelis 15, no. 110. 1858.
No
f.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to about 17 cm. tall. Stem slender, up to about 10 cm. high, with 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf long-petioled, up to about 6 cm. long; lamina elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic, about 5 cm. or less long and 1 cm. wide, attenuate toward both ends. Inflorescences 1-2, about
twice as long as the leaf, loosely many-flowered above. Floral bracts very small, Flowers rather large, bilabiate, membranaceous. infundibuliform, spreading. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, 3- or indistinctly 5-nerved, about 5 mm. long. Lateral
sepals connate into a much broader suborbicular lamina which is deeply concave and bidentate at the apex. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely elliptic, with the broadly rounded upper margins inflexed-cucullate. Lip very
small, obovate-reniform
the base
(fide
and retuse, with a small retrorse tooth on each side near Reichenbach), or concave, tridentate and fleshy (fide Lindley).
fide Schlechter,
Cajamarca,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 136. 1921.

diagnosis was clarified by a drawing with floral from the Reichenbach Herbarium as well as by a photoanalysis graph of an isotype from the Delessert Herbarium in Geneva.
Stelis flexuosa Lindl. Ann.
The above
&
Mag. Nat.
Hist. 12: 397. 1843;
Fol. Orch. Stelis 14, no. 106. 1858, in part (not S. capillipes Reichb.
f.).
up
Plant small, delicate, caespitose, about 8-15 cm. high. Stem very slender, to about 1.6 cm. long, clothed with 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf solitary, oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, up to about 3 cm. long and 7 mm.
wide, acute to obtuse, very gradually narrowed to a short petiole, marginate.
192
30
Inflorescences 1 or 2, 2 or 3 times as long as the leaf, suberect to arcuate, filiform, terminated by a loose fractiflex raceme which is several- to many-flowered. Floral bracts minute, infundibuliform. Flowers very small, membranaceous. Sepals connate at the base, subequal, triangular-ovate with involute margins, acute, 1-nerved, about 1.5 mm. long. Petals very small, about one third as long as the sepals, transversely round-obovate, with a lightly thickened, broadly rounded apical margin. Lip smaller than the petals, oblong-obovate, broadly rounded and minutely apiculate in front, traversed by a large fleshy callus which is bilobed at the apex.
fide Schlechter,
Amazonas, (type). Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 136. 1921. Also Ecuador. This diagnosis was compiled with the aid of a photograph of the type in the Lindley Herbarium at Kew, as well as of a fragment of the type and an analysis of the flower (not described in the original diagnosis) from Mr. Leslie Garay of the University of Toronto, Canada.
Stelis
Peru:
Habitat unknown, Mathews 1910
floribunda
HBK. Nov.
t.
Gen. et
Sp.
7: 84.
1:
362.
1816.
Stelis apiculata Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

28, nr. 105. 1929.
1920; Mansf.

Sched. Orch. 1:5. 1922.
Stelis insignis
Ames,
size,
Plant rather large, caespitose, up to about 35 cm. high. Stem variable in up to about 20 cm. long, provided with about 3 tubular sheaths of which the two lower are small and imbricated and the uppermost is larger and commonly separated. Leaf oblong (rarely) to oblong-elliptic or elliptic, shortly petioled, up to about 13.8 (rarely 15) cm. long and 4 cm. wide, obtuse to rounded at the apex, generally shortly cuneate below, with petiole 2 cm. or less long. Inflorescences 1 to 4, up to about twice as long as the leaf in the course of development, up to 22 cm. long, rather densely many-flowered above. Floral bracts very small, Flowers very small, violet (in the type), white or greenish infundibuliform. white. Sepals subequal, broadly ovate to round-ovate, acute or obtuse, pubescent on the inner surface, 3-nerved, the slightly larger dorsal sepal up to 2.5 (rarely
mm. long. Petals much smaller, transversely obovate-rhombic, more or less fleshy-thickened on the anterior margin. Lip similar to the petals in size, concave, obovate-quadrate when expanded, abruptly truncate-retuse and sharply apiculate
2.75) in the center, with a bilobed fleshy callus through the basal half.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 22773a, 22776. Ccarrapa, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 1000 meters, epiphyte on wooded hillside, Killip & Smith 22484. Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, "alturas de Pintobamba," 2600 meters, epiphyte in dense Junin: Huacapistana, about 1800 meters, forest, Vargas 3282. in densely forested valley, Killip & Smith 24295. Puno, epiphyte Also Colombia fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 136. 1921. (type of S. floribunda, S. apiculata and S. insignis).

Stelis
193
Exact. Fisic.
Gonzaleziana C. Schweinf. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. y Nat. 5, no. 19: 349. 1943.
Plant medium-sized, up to 32 cm. high. Rhizome apparently shortly creeping. Stems approximate, caespitose, variable in height, up to 20 cm. high, unifoliate, with 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf short-petioled; lamina oblanceolate to elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, up to 9.5 cm. long and 2.2 cm. wide, minutely tridenticulate at the rounded apex, cuneate below; petiole channelled, up to 1.3 cm. long. Inflorescences about half as long as the leaf or less, numerous, 2-12 or more, diffuse, rather densely many-flowered nearly to the base. Flowers very
Sepals convex, 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal suborbicularovate, acute, about 1.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals very similar but slightly smaller. Petals minute, suborbicular-obovate, thickened and broadly rounded above. Lip
small, pale yellow, glabrous.
about as long as the petals, quadrate-obovate, callose-thickened through the basal half, deeply concave above with an acute incurved apex, about 0.7 mm. long in
natural position.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Vargas 2557.
Stelis gracilispica C. Schweinf. Univ. 15: 17, t. 9. 1951. Figure 32.
Bot.
Mus. Lean
Harvard
up
Plant medium-sized, slender, caespitose, up to 24 cm. high. Stems numerous, to 9 cm. high, with 2 to 4 close, tubular, often maculate sheaths. Leaf solitary, erect, petioled, up to 7.2 cm. long; lamina elliptic-oblong, acute to rounded at the apex, cuneate below, up to 5.7 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2
to a stem, erect, commonly much surpassing the leaf, slender, densely manyFlowers very small, strongly secund, bilabiate, flowered, up to 18 cm. long.
yellow. Sepals 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, subacute to obtuse, about 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals slightly smaller, connate into a deeply concave lamina. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely rhombic-'suborbicular, fleshy-
thickened upward. Lip smaller than the petals, about 0.56 mm. long, transversely obovate-rhombic, obtuse, with a fleshy, transverse, bilobed callus above the middle.
Hudnuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Carpish between Huanuco and Tingo Maria, 2500-2900 meters, Ferreyra 1748.
Stelis grandibracteata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. t. 13, figs. 6-10. 1942. Figure 27.
Harvard
Univ. 10: 118,
Plant medium-sized, with an ascending rhizome, about 19 cm. high from the rhizome to the tip of the erect raceme. Stems apparently in pairs, each one (when mature) about 6 cm. high, clothed with about 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf solitary, very shortly petioled, up to 9 cm. long; lamina elliptic or oblongelliptic, obtuse to rounded at the apex, broadly cuneate below, up to 8.5 cm. long and 2.8 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, much surpassing the leaf, about 13.5 cm. long, subdensely many-flowered above and loose below, with secund flowers. Floral bracts conspicuous, spreading, rotundate-ovate with an auriculate-clasping base. Flowers rather small, glabrous, "dark perilla purple." Sepals connate
194
30
nearly to the middle, 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, obtuse to subacute, free portion about 3.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, round-ovate, slightly shorter and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, transversely rhombicovate, with a fleshy-thickened anterior half and broadly rounded apex. Lip subequaling the petals, fleshy, ovate, concave in natural position, rounded in front, with a transverse, fleshy, bilobed ridge connecting the erect-incurved,
somewhat
dilated sides at the base, about 1.9
mm.
long.
Cuzco: "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, along Rio Pillahuata, 2300-2400 meters, epiphytic in forest, Pennell 14006.
Stelis Hallii Lindl. Hook. Journ. Bot. 1: 12. 1834; Fol. Orch.
Stelis 7, no. 44. 1858.
Plant small, apparently caespitose, up to about 14 cm. tall. Stem up to almost 3.5 cm. long, enveloped by 2 tubular, close sheaths. Leaf petioled, up to 5 cm. long; lamina linear-oblong to elliptic-oblong or linear-oblanceolate, about 3 cm. long, up to 5.5 mm. wide, obtuse to subacute, long-narrowed below. Inflorescences solitary, about twice as long as the leaf, loosely many-flowered, with a fractiflex rachis. Flowers rather small, glabrous. Dorsal sepal round-ovate, acute to obtuse, 3-nerved. Lateral sepals noticeably smaller, oblique. Petals much smaller than the sepals, semiorbicular-ovate, fleshy at the lightly 3-lobed apex. Lip about equaling the petals, cuneate-semilunate when viewed from
above, truncate in front, very fleshy.
"Peru," fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 136. Also Ecuador (type).
S. Hallii
1921.
This description was compiled with the aid of photographs of from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Stelis Hallii Lindl. var.
minor
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
15: 18. 1951.
Plant small, caespitose, up to 9.5 cm. high. Stems crowded, rarely up to 3.5 cm. long. Leaf oblanceolate, acute, long-narrowed into a slender, petioled base, up to 3.7 cm. long and 8 mm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2 to each stem, nearly twice as long as the leaf, loosely several-flowered, without a markedly fractiflex rachis. Flowers small, pale green with a reddish flush. Sepals 3-nerved. Dorsal
sepal round-ovate,
mm. long and slightly broader. Lateral sepals Petals minute, transversely rhombic-semiorbicular, with an entire, broadly rounded, fleshy apex. Lip slightly smaller than the petals, transversely rhombic-ovate, with a fleshy, transverse callus across the middle,
up
to 2.5
distinctly smaller, oblique.
subobtuse at the broad apex, about 0.8
mm.
long and
mm.
wide.
Cuzco: Santa Isabel, Valle de Cosnipata, 1200 meters, Scolnik 925. Between Tanamayo and Santa Isabel, Valle de Cosnipata, about 1500 meters, Scolnik 845 (plants smaller than typical). Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Utcuyacu, 1800 meters, on moss-covered
rocks in forest, Woytkowski 37004 (type).
STELIS
qracilispica.
X X
25.
7.
FIG. 32. Stelis gracilispica C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X H- 2, lip from above; 3, flower from front, expanded; X 7. 4, flower from side, natural position;
5,
petal;
20.
195
196
30
Stelis Herzogii Schltr. Fedde Repert. 12: 484. 1913; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 58: t. 20, nr. 80. 1930; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 4. 1953.
Plant small, slender, caespitose, about 11.5-18 cm. high. Stems slender, 6-10 cm. high, provided with 3 close, tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is largest and separated. Leaf solitary, shortly petioled, about 5-9.5 cm. long; lamina oblanceolate-linear or elliptic-linear, obtuse, cuneate-narrowed below, 7-10 mm. wide. Inflorescences shorter or sometimes slightly longer than the leaf, lax, apparently 1-8, about 2-9 cm. long, densely many-flowered nearly to the base, commonly secund. Flowers very small, yellow. Sepals spreading, connate at the base. Dorsal sepal rhombic-ovate, obtuse to acute, about 1.5 mm. or less long;
Lateral sepals very similar, slightly narrower. Petals minute, transversely cuneate-obovate or "reniform," fleshy-thickened above. Lip slightly longer than the petals, subquadrate-obovate or "rhombic-oval," sharply apiculate, the lower half with a fleshy bilobed callus, about 0.9 mm. long.
indistinctly 3-nerved.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Hda. Ttio, Marcapata, 2000 meters, in sunny rocky places, Vargas 3114- Also Bolivia (type).
Stelis hirta Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 3, no. 11. 1858.
Plant small, up to about 9 cm. tall. Stem up to about 3.5 cm. high, concealed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf distinctly petioled, spatulate or oblong-spatulate, up to about 5.7 cm. long; lamina elliptic-oblong, obtuse to rounded at the apex, gradually narrowed below to a long-petioled base, up to 0.9 mm. wide. Inflorescences 1 to 3, subequaling or shorter than the leaf, loosely several- to manyflowered.
Flowers very small, green.
Sepals equal, ovate, hirsute within.
Petals
much
smaller, transversely oval,
membranaceous.
Lip about equal and similar
to the petals, apparently round-obovate, 3-striate.
1921.
Piura (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 136. Also Ecuador (type).
No material of this concept has been seen; the description was taken from a photograph of the type bearing a floral analysis, in the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Stelis hylophila Reichb. Orch. Stelis 4, no. 24. 1858.
f.
Plant medium-sized to large, variable, caespitose, often with an inconspicuous ascending rhizome, 10-38 cm. high. Stems up to about 29 cm. long, provided with 2-4 tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is separated and much the largest. Leaf shortly petioled, up to 13 cm. long; lamina elliptic-oblong or ligulate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, cuneate below, about 12 cm. or less long, up to 2.5
cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescences 1 to numerous, subequaling or much shorter than the leaf (rarely longer), up to 11 (rarely 12.7) cm. long, densely manyflowered especially above. Flowers minute, yellow or greenish yellow to green, usually secund. Sepals connate at the base, ovate, subequal, acute, 1-nerved or inconspicuously 3-nerved, about 1 mm. long. Petals much smaller, transversely
197
cuneate-obovate. Lip about half as long as the sepals, obovate from a ligulate, thickened lower portion, more or less dilated and membranaceous above with upcurved sides and a triangular or obscurely 3-lobed apex.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, "alturas de Pintobamba," 2700 Prov. of Paucarmeters, epiphyte in dense forest, Vargas 3281. to Tombomayo, 1800-2700 meters, epiphyte, tambo, Tanamayo Vargas 4941- Prov. of Quispicanchis, Hda. Ttio, Marcapata, 2000 Huanuco: Prov. of meters, in gravelly rocky places, Vargas 3113. on road to Tingo Maria, 2500-2900 meters, in Hudnuco, Carpish, dense evergreen forest, Ferreyra 1756. Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 136. 1921. Also Ecuador (type).
Stelis
intermedia Poepp.
&
Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 46,
t.
79. 1836; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 6, no. 38. 1858; Bras. 3, pt. 4: 353. 1896.
Cogn. Martius
Fl.
Plant small, caespitose, up to about 15 cm. tall. Stems densely fascicled, about 2-4 cm. long, enveloped by 2 or 3 long, tubular sheaths. Leaf ellipticlinear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse with a minutely tridenticulate apex, long and narrowly attenuate below, 3.3-9 cm. long, up to 8 mm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, about twice as long as the leaf, up to about 13 cm. long, many-flowered, rather loose below, subdense above, arcuate or flexuous, very slender. Flowers very minute. Sepals connate at the base, broadly ovate-triangular or "deltoid-
subrotund," subequal, acute, 3-nerved, concave, glabrous or pubescent within, up to 1.8 mm. long. Petals much smaller, semilunate or cuneate-obovate, truncate or lightly emarginate with a fleshy-thickened apex. Lip similar to the petals, cuneate, concave, truncate at the broad apex, with a transverse callus in the
middle.
Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero) and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), in submontane woods, Poeppig 1579 (type). Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1254, s.n. Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1400-1700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest,
Killip
&
Smith 24693.
(These three latter collections are vegeta-
and are rather imperfect. The sepals are distinctly pubescent, not glabrous within as cited, and no color notes are given.)
tively small for the species
Stelis inversa Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

110, nr. 430. 1929.
9: 64. 1921;
Mansf.
t.
Plant rather large, caespitose, about 25 cm. high. Stems fascicled, slender, 7-10 cm. long, provided with 2 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf petioled; lamina narrowly lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, about 8-11 cm. long and 1.3-1.6 cm. wide, acute, gradually narrowed into a petiole up to 4 cm. long. Inflorescence Flowers solitary, surpassing the leaf by almost a half, sublaxly many-flowered. medium-sized, glabrous, rather bilabiate. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, obtuse,
198
30
5-nerved, 4 mm. long. Lateral sepals very obliquely ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, a little smaller than the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transverse, obliquely subquadrate, truncate-thickened at the apex. Lip a little longer than the petals, apparently 3-lobed, narrowly oblong at the base, with a broad, abrupt, transverse, bilobed thickening in the middle, terminating in an ovate,
cucullate, apiculate lobe.
Junin: Mountains west of Huacapistana, 2600-3000 meters, Weberbauer 2085.
No
example
of this species has
been seen.
Stelis juninensis Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117:

21. 1916.
Plant large for the genus, caespitose. Stems crowded, up to about 17 cm. high, mostly concealed by 2 or 3 tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths. Leaf oblong to elliptic-oblong, up to 17 cm. long and 2.6 cm. wide, obtuse at the tridenticulate apex, cuneate-narrowed to a more or less distinctly petioled base, coriaceous. Inflorescences 1 or 2 to a stem, much exceeding the leaf, up to about Flowers simultaneous, medium-sized, 31.5 cm. long, densely many-flowered. ringent, tawny. Dorsal sepal ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, 3-nerved, about 6.8
mm.
long. Lateral sepals a little smaller, ovate, oblique, 3-nerved. Petals many times smaller than the sepals, transverse, subrhombic, fleshy-thickened at the subtruncate apex. Lip smaller than the petals, triangular-ovate, with the sides of the fleshy-thickened basal half erect and parallel in natural position, the anterior half being ovate, excavated and acute, about 1.2 mm. long.
Junin: Prov. of Huancayo, valley of the Pariahuanca, between Panti and Rocchac, 2400 meters, in hardwood thickets consisting of shrubs and trees, Weberbauer 6534.
Stelis Koehleri Schltr. Fedde Repert. 10: 386. 1912; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 58: t. 21, nr. 82. 1930; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 5. 1953.
Plant medium-sized or larger, caespitose, suberect to gently arcuate or up to about 37 cm. high. Stems short, up to about 8.5 cm. long (usually much smaller), altogether or nearly concealed by 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths of which the uppermost is much the longest. Leaf oblanceolate or oblongoblanceolate, sometimes narrowly obovate, up to 9.7 cm. long and 2 cm. wide (often much smaller), acute to rounded above with a minutely tridenticulate
flexuous,
apex, gradually narrowed below to an indistinct short petiole, coriaceous. Inflorescence solitary, twice to many times surpassing the leaf, up to about 33 cm.
high, many-flowered, usually secund, loose in the course of development. Flowers rather large, glabrous or minutely papillose, varying from yellowish green or yellow to dark reddish purple. Dorsal sepal very broadly ovate or triangularovate, subacute to acute, 5-nerved, up to 6.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals distinctly smaller, obliquely round-ovate (often transverse), 3- to 5-nerved. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transverse, cuneate or rhombic-cuneate, fleshy-thickened
at the subtruncate apex.
Lip about as large as the petals, semiorbicular and
199
retuse at the truncate apex when viewed from above; transversely ovate, broadly rounded or rounded-truncate and commonly minutely apiculate at the apex when
viewed from the front, with a

1.7
fleshy, bilobed, transverse callus
near the base, about
mm.
long.
Huanuco: Mito, about 2800 meters, "on dirt ledges of shrubby S.W. slopes," Macbride & Featherstone 1394- Same locality and Above altitude, "ledges on shrubby hillsides," Macbride 3284Mito, Mitotambo, 3000-3100 meters, in low forest, Ferreyra 6900. Prov. of Huanuco, Punta de Panao, Asplund 13717. Junin: Chanchamayo district, Rio Blanco, about 1400 meters, on coffee trees
of the Sta. Teresa Hacienda, Kohler s.n. (type).
Huassa-huassi, about 2900 meters, "southern slope of a with low grasses & bush," Woytkowski 35.
Prov. of Tarma, hill, covered
Stelis lancea Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 3, no. 14. 1858.

Plant medium-sized, with a creeping and branching rhizome, up to about
19.5 cm. high (from the base of a stem to the apex of a leaf). Stems rather remote, ascending, slender, up to about 9 cm. long, provided with 2 or 3 close, tubular
Leaf abruptly petioled; lamina lanceolate-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, and 2 cm. wide, acute or obtuse, cuneate below, membranaceous; petiole slender, up to about 3 cm. long. Inflorescence commonly solitary, slightly surpassing the leaf, rather densely many-flowered. Flowers very small.
sheaths.
up
to about 8 cm. long
Sepals subequal, ovate,
obtuse, 3-nerved.
Petals
much
smaller,
transverse,
broadly cuneate, concave, truncate at the fleshy-thickened apex. Lip slightly larger than the petals, transverse, cuneate-obovate, lightly 3-lobed in front, with a pair of transverse, separated lamellae above the middle.
Cajamarca,
fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 137. 1921.
Ecuador
(type).
No material of this concept has been seen. The diagnosis was compiled with the aid of a photograph of the type bearing a floral analysis, in the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Stelis lanceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PL 4: 139. 1805. Humboldtia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 237.
1798.
Pleurothallis lanceolata Lindl.
Huanuco: In mountains of on trees and rocks, Pavdn s.n.

Stelis
figs.
I,
Muna and
Pillao near Chacahuassi,
leucopogon Reichb.
f.
Beitr. Orch.
1-4. 1866; C. Schweinf. Bot. 16: 5. 1953. Figure 33.
Mus.
Leafl.
Centr.-Am. 95, t. 9, Harvard Univ.
up
to
Plant caespitose, medium-sized to large, up to about 38 cm. tall. Stems stout, about 20 cm. high, clothed with 2 or 3 imbricating, tubular sheaths of which
200
the uppermost
is

much
the largest.
30
Leaf oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate to rounded above with a minutely tridenticulate apex, gradually narrowed below to an indistinctly petioled base, up to about 18.3 cm. long and 3.7 cm. or more wide, subcoriaceous. Inflorescences commonly 1 or 2, slightly shorter than or exceeding the leaf, up to about 30 cm. long, many-flowered, loose in the course of development. Flowers medium-sized to large, more or less
oblong-elliptic, obtuse or
FIG. 33.
Stelis leucopogon
4, lip, side
column; X 20. Blanche Ames.
Reichb. f. view; X 24.
1,
5, lip,
8. flower; 2, petal; front view; 24.
16.
3,
Drawn by
pubescent within, usually green and purple (rarely rose or yellow). Dorsal sepal broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, 5- to (rarely) 7-nerved, acute to subacute, rounded or subcordate at the base, about 7 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals
subequal or slightly smaller, obliquely round-ovate, 4- to 5-nerved. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely oval, with a fleshy-thickened, roundedtruncate apex. Lip about half as large as the petals, semiorbicular or transversely suborbicular-oval, fleshy-thickened throughout with incurved sides and an abrupt, incurved apicule in the middle of the broad apex; center of the disc with an obscure V-shaped thickening.
Huanuco: Muna, about 2150 meters, in dry woods, Macbride San Martin: On ridge east of Tingo Maria, in jungle, 6254195.

1100 meters, Allard 22201, 22595.
of Central
201
A common and variable species America from Guatemala through Costa Rica (type) to
Panama.
Stelis Lindenii Lindl. Orch. Linden. 3, no. 17. 1846; Fol. Orch.
Stelis 5, no. 29. 1858; C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
16: 5. 1953.
Plant medium-sized to large, with a creeping, loosely sheathed rhizome. Stems rather remote, ascending, 10-20 cm. long, provided with about 3 tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is the largest, widely separated and narrowly
infundibuliform in the dried specimen. Leaf shortly petioled; lamina oblongelliptic (sometimes narrowly so) to ovate-oblong, about 11-18 cm. long, up to 6.5 cm. wide, obtuse at the apex, more or less gradually narrowed to a short channelled petiole up to about 2 cm. long, subcoriaceous. Inflorescences 1 to 4, up to almost twice as long as the leaf in the course of development, up to about 26.5 cm.
long, ascending, arcuate or flexuous, rather densely many-flowered above, with conspicuous spreading bracts. Flowers small, glabrous or pubescent within, white
Dorsal sepal round-ovate or triangular-ovate, acute or subacute, 3- to mm. long, and somewhat broader. Lateral sepals similar but slightly smaller, lightly oblique, commonly 3-nerved. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely rhombic-oval, fleshy-thickened through the upper half. Lip slightly larger than the petals; when viewed from above transversely cuneate, more or less trilobulate at the truncate apex; when viewed from the front transversely rhombic-ovate, concave, broadly rounded in front, with a transverse median thickening, about 0.9 mm. long.
or yellow.
5-nerved, about 3
s.n.
Cuzco: Ccochapampa, summit of Ccochayoc, 1000 meters, Bues Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Vargas 2555. Machu-Picchu, about 2100 meters, Cook & Gilbert 866. Also Venezuela (type).
Stelis
Lindleyana Cogn. Martius
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 346. 1896.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to about 27 cm. tall. Stems up to 10 cm. entirely concealed by 2 or 3 imbricating, tubular sheaths which are loose and Leaf linear-oblong to oblong-elliptic, often evanescent in the dried specimen. somewhat tapering at both ends, minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse apex, very gradually narrowed to a more or less petioled base, up to about 17 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, subcoriaceous. Inflorescences 1 or 2 to a stem, slender, up to about 19 cm. long, more or less surpassing the leaf, rather densely many-flowered with appressed floral bracts which are imbricating in the upper portion. Flowers small, membranaceous, yellowish green. Sepals very deeply connate. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate-triangular, acute, 3-nerved (sometimes with the lateral nerves branching), up to 2.1 mm. long and much broader at the base. Lateral sepals Petals minute, transversely rhombic or similar but a little smaller, oblique. "broadly reniform," with the upper half fleshy-thickened. Lip nearly equal to the petals in size; when viewed from above, transverse, cuneate, with a truncate apex; when viewed from the front, transverse, rhombic-ovate, concave, rounded to
tall,
202

mm.
30
subacute at the apex, with a fleshy transverse thickening in the middle, about
0.9
long.
Eastern Peru: Habitat not recorded, Poeppig s.n., fide Cogniaux. Huanuco: Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews 1913, Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 323. Near the confluence of Rio Cayumba with Rio Huallaga, 790 meters, on tree trunk, Mexia 8273. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1800 meters, Schunke 560. Also Brazil (type).
Stelis lobata Reichb.
Stelis 17, no. 128. 1858.
f.
Plant medium-sized, with a conspicuous, creeping, sheathed rhizome which is Secondary stems subremote to approximate, ascending from a decumbent base, up to about 7.5 cm. long, concealed by 3 to 4 tubular, imbriLeaf shortly petioled; lamina oblong or ellipticcating, evanescent sheaths. oblong, up to 8 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide, minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse or acute apex, cuneate-narrowed below, subcoriaceous; petiole channelled, up to about 1.7 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary, up to about 17 cm. long, rather densely many-flowered. Flowers small, nodding, membranaceous, often secund, pale greenish. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, obtuse or acute, 3-nerved, up to 4.2 mm. long, longer than the lateral sepals. Lateral sepals oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, oblique, 3-nerved. Petals minute, transversely rhombic or rhombic-obovate, fleshy-thickened and 3-lobulate above. Lip longer and narrower than the petals, deeply 3-lobed near the base, about 1 mm. long; lateral lobes very small, dentiform, porrect; mid-lobe lanceolate, acuminate, concave; disc at the base with a fleshy 3-lobulate callus.
often branched.
Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, Choimacota Valley, 2900-3000 meters, "evergreen bush-wood," Weberbauer 7571. Also Ecuador
(type).
Stelis
macra
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

110, nr. 431. 1929.
9: 65. 1921;
Mansf.
t.
Plant caespitose, slender, up to 35 cm. tall. Stems slender, fascicled, up to 10 cm. high, provided with about 3 tubular sheaths. Leaf lanceolate-ligulate, subacute, gradually narrowed below into a short petiole; lamina 6-9 cm. long, up to 1.7 cm. wide; petiole up to 2.5 cm. long. Inflorescences 2 to 3 to a stem, slender, 2 or 3 times as long as the leaf, sublaxly many-flowered. Flowers very small, secund, bilabiate, glabrous, yellow; sepals connate below. Dorsal sepal "elliptic" or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, about 1.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, Petals much smaller than the sepals, "oboval" or round-obovate, oblique. a little thickened at the rounded apex. Lip slightly larger than the petals, from a short, quadrate-cuneate base abruptly dilated into an ovate, apically rounded lamina, adorned near the base with a hippocrepiform thickening.
Junin: Mountains of Yanengu, east of Huacapistana, 2300-2400

meters, epiphyte, Weberbauer 2130.
No
material of this species has been seen.

Stelis
203
9: 65. 1921;
megistantha
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
110, nr. 432. 1929.
Plant caespitose, up to 35 cm. tall. Stems approximate, clothed through the lower half with 3 tubular sheaths, 8-11 cm. high. Leaf petioled; lamina oblongligulate, obtuse, up to 10.5 cm. long and 2.7 cm. wide, coriaceous; petiole short, about 1.5 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary, erect, about twice as long as the leaf, laxly many-flowered almost to the base. Flowers very large for the genus, smooth, yellow. Sepals connate below, subequal, 5-nerved. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate or "rhombic," acute or shortly acuminate, about 8 mm. long. Lateral sepals
similar, oblique.
Petals very small, transverse, cuneate-obovate or "reniform," fleshy-thickened near the rounded apex. Lip about equally long with the petals, fleshy, subquadrate-ovate or "oval-oblong," broadly triangular at the sub-
truncate apex, with a transversely rhombic excavation in front.
Junin: Between Panti and Rocchas, 2500 meters, epiphyte, Weberbauer 6539.
I
have seen no specimens of
this species.
Stelis melicoides Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 110, nr. 433. 1929.
9:
66.
1921;
Plant about 20 cm. tall, slender, with a rather stout, ascending rhizome. Stems approximate, slender, up to 6 cm. high, entirely concealed by 2 tubular,
apiculate sheaths. Leaf petioled, 6-8 cm. long; lamina obliquely ligulate, obtuse, narrowed at the base, up to about 6.3 cm. long and 12 mm. wide, coriaceous; petiole up to 1.7 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary, slender, erect, about twice as
sublaxly many-flowered nearly to the base. Flowers mediumSepals connate at the base, 3-nerved, subequal. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic or ovate-oblong, obtuse, about 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, subacute, connivent.
long as the
leaf,
sized, bilabiate, glabrous, nodding, reddish white.
Petals
much
oblique, lightly thickened at the apex.
smaller than the sepals, very broadly ovate, "obtuse" or acute, Lip ovate-lanceolate in outline, sharply
3-lobed below the middle, slightly longer than the petals, excavated near the base; lateral lobes short, obliquely semiobovate; mid-lobe much larger, lanceolate,
acuminate.
Cajamarca: Chugur, northwest of Hualgayoc, 2700-2900 meters,

epiphytic, Weberbauer 4076.
No
material of this species has been available.
Stelis
10: 120,
t.
minuta
14, figs.
C. Schweinf. Bot.
5-8. 1942.
Mus. Lean Harvard Univ.

.
Figure 29.
Plant very small, minute for the genus, caespitose, up to 7.5 cm. tall. Stems approximate, short, slender, erect-spreading from a decumbent base, up to 3.7 cm. long, mostly concealed by about 3 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf thickly coriaceous and subconduplicate in the dried specimen, linear-oblanceolate, minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse apex, narrowed below into a scarcely petioled
base,
up
to 4.3 cm. long
and 6
mm.
wide (when softened in hot water).
In-
204
30
florescence solitary, shorter than the leaf, rather densely several- to many-flowered to the base, up to 3 cm. long. Flowers minute, rather fleshy. Sepals similar, connate at the base, 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal rotund-ovate, acute, about 1.5 mm. Lateral sepals a little smaller, oblique, apiculate. Petals very minute, long.
concave, rhombic-obovate or cuneate-obovate, thickened at the broadly rounded apex. Lip about as long as the petals, subquadrate-ovate, much thickened with upcurved sides, excavated in front, with a rather abrupt, triangular-acute and
incurved apex.
Junin:
Chanchamayo
Same
locality,
Valley, 1800 meters, Schunke 1600 meters, Schunke 1668.
s.n.
(type).
Stelis
mononeura
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to about 27 cm. high. Stems slender, provided with about 3 close, tubular sheaths, up to about 16.5 cm. high. Leaf petioled; lamina oblong-elliptic, up to about 6 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide, obtuse, cuneate-narrowed below, coriaceous; petiole up to about 1.5 cm. long. Inflorescences 3 to 5 to a stem, more or less surpassing the leaf, up to about 10 cm. long, rather loosely many-flowered. Flowers small, secund, nodding. Sepals about
equal, oblong-ovate or "oblong," obtuse, 1-nerved, sparingly pilose within. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely ovate-rhombic, fleshy-thickened at the rounded-truncate apex. Lip minute and distinctly smaller than the petals,
suborbicular in outline, sharply 3-lobed at about the middle, with a pair of oblique approximate calli at the base; lateral lobes minute, dentiform, porrect; mid-lobe
much
larger, semiorbicular.
Junin, ex Kranzlin, fide Schlechter, 1921. Also Ecuador (type).
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 137.
The above
at
diagnosis
was prepared with the aid
of this concept bearing floral analyses,
of photographs from the Lindley Herbarium
Kew.
Stelis
9: 66. 1921;
nephropetala Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. Ill, nr. 434. 1929. Mansf.
Stems
Plant small, caespitose, with an abbreviated rhizome, up to 15 cm. high. short, fascicled, up to 2 cm. long, entirely concealed by 2 tubular sheaths. Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic-ligulate, obtuse, attenuate at the base, up to about 4.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, rather fleshy; petiole about 1 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary, erect, about twice as long as the leaf, sublaxly many-flowered, very slender. Flowers small, glabrous, subsecund, apparently dark red. Sepals about equal, broadly triangular-ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, 1.75 mm. long, with the Petals much smaller than the sepals, semiorbicularlateral sepals oblique. reniform, concave, with the upper, broadly rounded margin scarcely thickened. Lip about equal to the petals, ovate-suborbicular, broadly rounded in front, retuse-truncate at the base, fleshy with a pair of obscure, longitudinal swellings extending from the base to above the middle.
Loreto: Near
I
Moyobamba,
epiphytic, Filomeno s.n.

this species.

Stelis
236. 1798.
205
oblonga (Ruiz
Humboldtia oblonga Ruiz
& Pav.) Willd. Sp. PL 4: 139. & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et
s.n.
1805.
Chil.
obscure species.
in
Huanuco: Muna,
mountains, Pavdn
Stelis parviflora (Ruiz
Humboldtia parviflora Ruiz

1798.
& Pav.) Pers. Syn. PL 2: 524. 1807. & Pav. Syst. Veg. PL Peruv. et Chil. 236.
trees
obscure species.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, Chinchao and Muna, on mountains, on and rocks, Pawn s.n.
Willdenow (Sp. PL 4: 139. 1805) considers this concept a synonym of S. polystachya which seems to be a species of Pleurothallis.
Stelis phaeomelana Schltr. Fedde Repert. 27: 45. 1929; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 6. 1953.
Plant large and robust for the genus, caespitose, up to 55 cm. high. Stems 6-22 cm. long, with 3 to 4 loose, tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is separated and much the largest. Leaf petioled; lamina ellipticoblong to elliptic, obtuse to rounded and lightly retuse at the apex, rather abruptly cuneate-narrowed at the base, 9-16 cm. long, up to 6 cm. wide; petiole channelled, about 2 cm. long. Inflorescences 1-2 to a stem, much surpassing the leaf, up to 44 cm. long, suberect to lightly flexuous; raceme densely many-flowered, up to 33 cm. long. Floral bracts mostly approximate above, looser below. Flowers
fascicled, stout,
rather small, dark brown to yellow-greenish, fleshy. Sepals pubescent within, connate at the base. Dorsal sepal very broadly ovate, acute to subacute, up
long and subequally wide below, 5-nerved. Lateral sepals much Petals relatively minute, concave, semiorbicular-reniform, fleshy especially near the broadly rounded apex. Lip shortly clawed, very small, semiorbicular-ovate or "semioval," concave, broadly rounded above, subcordate at the base, with a transverse, fleshy keel near the base, up to 1 mm. long and a little wider below.
to
about 3
mm.
smaller,
oblique.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, between Ttio and Murayaca, Marcapata, 1960 meters, on rocks in sunny places, Vargas 3134. Also Bolivia (type).
This concept may be conspecific with Stelis Ottonis Schltr., but our specimen of the latter species furnishes no flower for comparison.
Stelis piestopus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. Ill, nr. 436. 1929.
5.5
9:
67.
1921;
Plant caespitose, medium-sized, about 30 cm. tall. Stems fascicled, up to cm. high, entirely concealed by 3 imbricating, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf oblong-spatulate, up to 6.5 cm. long; lamina up to about 4.9 cm. long and 2 cm.
206
30
wide, gradually narrowed below into a petiole up to 1.6 cm. long, coriaceous. Inflorescence solitary, erect, several times surpassing the leaf, up to 23 cm. long,
sublaxly many-flowered, very slender, with flexuous rachis. Flowers mediumsized, brown. Sepals spreading, about equal, ovate or triangular-ovate, subacute, 3-nerved, about 3 mm. long, papillose-puberulent toward the margins, the lateral sepals oblique. Petals much smaller than the sepals, obliquely suborbicular, with
Lip scarcely larger than the petals, broadly spatulate-obovate, rounded in front, shortly contracted below, mostly covered by a large bilobed callus which is depressed in the middle.
the apical margins shortly thickened.
Cajamarca: Above San Miguel, 2600-2700 meters, epiphytic, Weberbauer 3902.
No
material of this species was available.

C.
Stelis polycarpa Schltr. Fedde Repert. 27: 46. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 6. 1953.
1929;
Plant caespitose, medium-sized, up to about 33 cm. tall. Stems up to 11 cm. high, provided with 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths of which the uppermost Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic to is the largest and separated from the others.
elliptic-oblong ("oblong-ligulate"),
up to about 10 cm. long and 2.6 cm. wide, obtuse or subacute, cuneate below, subcoriaceous; petiole up to about 2 cm. long, Inflorescences commonly solitary (rarely 2), up to about 23 cm. channelled.
long, about twice as long as the leaf or less, loosely many-flowered, slender, commonly diffuse. Floral bracts small, strict. Flowers medium-sized, bilabiate,
glabrous, green to yellow. Sepals connate at the base. Dorsal sepal ovate or Lateral sepals triangular-ovate, acute or obtuse, 5-nerved, 3.5-4.7 mm. long. smaller, connate into a deeply concave, suborbicular, bidentate lamina. Petals
relatively minute, transversely cuneate-flabellate or subrhombic, with a fleshy-
thickened, rounded-truncate apex. Lip minute; when viewed from above cuneatesubquadrate with a truncate-retuse apex having projecting sides; when viewed
from the front transversely triangular-ovate,
lightly 3-lobed above, with the
and the mid-lobe shallowly rounded to semiorbicular; lamina with a transverse, fleshy thickening between the lateral lobes, about 0.9 mm. long.
lateral lobes obtusely triangular-ovate ("semioblong")
S. Pedro to Sta. Isabel, 1350 Huanuco: Left bank of Rio Huallaga, above Cayumba, 805 meters, on forest tree trunks and lower branches, Mexia 8313a. Loreto: Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo,
meters, Vargas 6785.
Moyobamba, 600-1200
meters,
epiphyte in
forest,
Klug
0.18.
Stelis polystachya (Ruiz
Humboldtia polystachya Ruiz

234. 1798.
& Pav.) Willd. Sp. PL 4: 139. 1805. & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil.
trees.
Pleurothallis species.
Huanuco: Chinchao, on mountains on
Pavon
s.n.

Stelis
15: 19,
t.
207
punoensis C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

10. 1951.
Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
Figure 34.
tall.
Plant medium-sized, up to 26.5 cm. or more
Rhizome conspicuous,
Stems apparently stout, ascending, closely enveloped by evanescent sheaths. in pairs, with a more or less decumbent base, 3-13.5 cm. long, provided with
3 tubular, evanescent sheaths of which the uppermost is the largest. Leaf more or less distinctly petioled, 4.7-9.6 cm. long; lamina oblanceolate or elliptic, acute,
gradually narrowed below, up to 8 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1-3, longer or rarely somewhat shorter than the leaf, loosely to subdensely several- to many-flowered, up to about 15.5 cm. high, often with a fractiflex rachis. Flowers rather large for the genus, apparently purplish. Sepals 3-nerved, minutely pubescent within. Dorsal sepal ovate or elliptic-ovate, subacute, about 6.9 mm.
long.
Lateral sepals more or less deeply connate, obliquely suborbicular-ovate, distinctly shorter and slightly wider than the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals, suborbicular, broadly rounded to obtuse, fleshy-thickened above.
Lip smaller than the petals, very fleshy, ovate, truncate at the base, with subcordate erect sides, obtuse, about 1 mm. long and wide; disc with a bilobed fleshy thickening near the base, concave in front.
Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, between Ollachea and Pte. Ackopampa, 3200 meters, on cliffs, Vargas 6981
.
Stelis
1798.
purpurea (Ruiz
&
Humboldtia purpurea Ruiz

Stelis
&
Pav. Syst. Veg.
Pav.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 140. 1805. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 235.
Stelis truncata Lindl. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 353. 1836. Huancabambae Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117: 20. 1916. Stelis cordibmctea Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 8: 51. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 80, nr. 310. 1929. Stelis phaeantha Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 68. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih.
57:
t.
Ill, nr. 435. 1929.
Plant very variable, medium-sized to large, up to about 67 cm. tall, caespitose. Stems simple or proliferous in the leaf-axils, each member up to about 31 cm. high, provided with 2 or 3 tubular, truncate sheaths of which the uppermost is the largest and usually separated from the others. Leaf petioled; lamina oblong to elliptic or oval (rarely ovate-oblong), up to 13 cm. long and about 4.3 cm. wide, acute to more or less obtuse and often tridenticulate at the apex, gradually to rather abruptly narrowed at the base, subcoriaceous to fleshy; petiole up to 3.3
leaves,
cm. long, channelled. Inflorescences 1 or 2, commonly much surpassing the up to about 46 cm. long, many-flowered, with racemes which are commonly dense above and very loose below. Floral bracts conspicuous, tubular at the base, erect or erect-spreading, more or less acuminate. Flowers medium-sized to rather Dorsal sepal 5- to inlarge, bilabiate, glabrous, greenish, brown or purple. distinctly 11-nerved, triangular-ovate to oblong-ovate, obtuse to subacute, up to 10.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a suborbicular or broadly oval, deeply concave lamina which is sometimes bidentate, about as long as the dorsal sepal but broader. Petals much smaller, transverse, semiorbicular or suborbicularrhombic, with a fleshy-thickened, more or less truncate-rounded apex. Lip
STELIS
u no ens is
chweinfi
FIG. 34.
front;
Stelis
3,
3.
2, flower from 1, plants; X %. punoensis C. Schweinf. flower from side; X 3. 4, lip, three-quarters view; X 15. 5, lip 6, petal;
from front;
15.
15.
208
209
similar to the petals in size; when viewed from above semiorbicular with a truncate apex having on each side a more or less prominent angle; when viewed from the front transversely rhombic, broadly acute to rounded at the apex, with a transverse, fleshy keel across the middle,
about
mm.
long.
(type of Stelis truncata). Prov. of Jae"n, Cordillera east of Huancabamba, in Cajamarca: hardwoods consisting of shrubs mixed with small trees, 2400-2500
s.n.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews
Cuzco: meters, Weberbauer 6112 (type of Stelis Huancabambae) Prov. of Calca, Lares Valley above Mantoc, 2400-2500 meters, on
.
rocks,
Weberbauer 7905. Prov. of Convencion, "Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc," 2200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Vargas 2537. Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2040 meters, on rocks, Vargas 2989. Huanuco: Chinchao, 1850 meters, Scolnik 1081. Huacachi, near Mufia, in "montana," about 2000 meters, Macbride 4097. Muna, on trees and rocks, Pavdn s.n. (type of Humboldtia purpurea) Muna, about 2150 meters, Macbride 3997. Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 304, 308. Junin: On the mountains of Yanangu, east of Huacapistana, 2300-2400 meters, Weberbauer 2128 (type of Stelis phaeantha) Also Colombia and Ecuador (type of Stelis cordi. .
bractea).
Stelis
quinquenervia C. Schweinf. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc.

5,
Exact. Fisic. y. Nat.
no. 19: 349. 1943.
Plant medium-sized to large, with an ascending, creeping rhizome, up to about 38 cm. high. Stems approximate, about 8-18.5 cm. long, with 2 or 3 close, tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is much the largest. Leaf petioled, coriaceous; lamina oblong-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, subacute to broadly obtuse, often with a tridenticulate apex, cuneate below, up to 13 cm. long and 3.8 cm. wide; petiole channelled, up to 3.6 cm. long. Inflorescences 1 or 2 to a stem, stout, usually somewhat exceeding the leaf, many-flowered, subdense above, up Flowers rather large for the genus, deep yellow in the type. to 22 cm. long. Sepals horizontally spreading, deeply connate below, finely pubescent within, 5-nerved. Dorsal sepal ovate or broadly ovate, acute to subobtuse, 4.5-5.8 mm. Lateral sepals closely similar but slightly long and somewhat wider below. smaller, suboblique. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely oval or
rhombic-oval, concave, fleshy-thickened through the upper half, broadly rounded above. Lip about as long as the petals but much narrower, round-ovate or transversely-ovate when viewed from the front, subacute to obtuse, fleshy near
the base with a transverse, bilobed callus, about 1.5
mm.
long.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convencion, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphytic in forest, Vargas 2549 (type). Huanuco: Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 303. (The latter collection is much larger than the type.)
210
30
9:
Stelis recurvula Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. Ill, nr. 437. 1929.
68.
1921;
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to 30 cm. tall. Stems fascicled, slender, 13-17 cm. high, provided with 3 to 4 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf oblong or oblong-ligulate, obtuse, contracted below into a short petiole, up to 10 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Inflorescences 2 to 4 to a stem, a little surpassing the leaf, subdensely many-flowered almost to the base. Flowers very small, glabrous. Dorsal sepal rhombic-ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, lightly recurved, about 1.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, acute. Petals much smaller than the sepals, round-obovate or "broadly obreniform," lightly thickened at the subtruncate apex. Lip scarcely longer than the petals, oblong-obovate in outline, from a fleshy subquadrate base abruptly dilated into a concave, transversely oval, anterior portion which is lightly 3-lobed, the lateral lobules being short and rounded and the middle one subequally large, obtusely triangular or semiorbicular
and porrect.
Cajamarca: Mountains west of Huambos, 3100-3200 meters, epiphytic, Weberbauer 4175.

Stelis revoluta (Ruiz
boldtia revoluta
& Pav.)
Willd. Sp.
Fl.
PL
4: 140. 1806.
Hum-
Ruiz
&
Pav. Syst. Veg.

trees
Peruv. et Chil. 235. 1798
Pleurothallis lanceolata Lindl.
Huanuco: Muna, on
Stelis
and rocks, Pavon
s.n.
rhizomatosa
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
9: 69. 1921;

and
112, nr. 438. 1929.
Plant small, with an elongate, creeping rhizome which is more or less branched entirely concealed by imbricating, scarious sheaths. Stems approximate to remote, up to about 7 cm. long, commonly ascending from a decumbent base, entirely concealed by 3 tubular, membranaceous sheaths. Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic to oblanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, subacute to obtuse with a minutely tridenticulate apex, gradually narrowed to a slender petioled base, up to about 6 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, subcoriaceous; petiole up to 2 cm. long. Inflorescences commonly solitary, shorter than or slightly longer than the leaf, loosely few- to many-flowered, arcuate or flexuous. Flowers rather small, thin, glabrous or finely pubescent within, brown with green margins or "cinnamon drab." Sepals 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate or rhombic-ovate, subobtuse, about 2.5-3 mm. long. Petals much Lateral sepals smaller, round-ovate, oblique. smaller than the sepals, transversely oval or rhombic, fleshy-thickened above, truncate-rounded or subacute at the apex. Lip smaller than the petals, transverse, subquadrate, cuneate-subquadrate or quadrate-oval, lightly retuse in front with a small incurved apicule in the middle; disc much fleshy-thickened through
the middle, about 0.75
mm.
long.
Cajamarca: Prov. of Jae"n, east of Huancabamba, eastern slopes of the Cordillera, 2400-2500 meters, Weberbauer 6110 (type). Cuzco: "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2300-2400 meters, epiphyte in forest along Rio Pillahuata, Pennell 14007.

Stelis
211
rhombilabia C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

t.
Leafl.
Harvard
Univ. 15: 21,
11. 1951.
Figure 35.
tall. Rhizome incomplete in our specimen. twos or threes, about 13-19 cm. long, with 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths, the uppermost and largest being loose and sometimes produced into an imperfect leaf-blade. Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic or oblong-ovate, obtuse or subacute with a tridenticulate apex, cuneate to subrounded at the base, 10-12.6 cm. long, up to 5 cm. wide; petiole conspicuous, up to 2.2 cm. long. In-
Plant large, 30 cm. or more

in
Stems approximate
much surpassing the leaf, suberect to diffuse, many-flowered, densely flowered above and loose at the base, about 18-30 cm. long. Flowers Sepals tubular-concave, 3-nerved, small, secund, yellow, strongly bilabiate. Dorsal sepal ovate, short-acuminate, about densely short-pubescent within. 4 mm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a suborbicular-ovate, deeply concave lamina which is shorter but much broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals
florescences 3-4,
relatively minute, concave, suborbicular, fleshy-thickened above, rounded at the apex. Lip subequaling the petals, ovate-rhombic, narrowed to an obtuse apex,
about 0.6 mm. long; disc with the entire central part occupied by a very fleshy, arched or 2-armed callus surrounding the concave apical portion.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, between 2200 meters, on rocks, Vargas 3413.

Stelis
Km.
97 and 108, F.C.C.,
rhomboglossa
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
9: 70. 1921;
112, nr. 439. 1929.
Plant medium-sized, up to 25 cm. tall, caespitose. Stems fascicled, up to 6 cm. high, provided with 2 or 3 thin, evanescent sheaths. Leaf oblong, obtuse, contracted into a short petiole, up to about 8 cm. long and 2.7 cm. wide, coriaceous;
petiole
about
cm. long.
leaf,
Inflorescences 2 to 4, slender, twice or three times
Flowers small, nodding, Sepals 3-nerved, connate below, minutely papillose apparently dark purple. within and ciliolate on the margins. Dorsal sepal ovate or narrowly ovate, obtuse, concave, 2 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate, rather obtuse, somewhat shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transverse, flabellate-cuneate, lightly thickened at the truncate-rounded apex. Lip scarcely longer than the petals, "rhombic" or rhombic-obovate in outline, fleshy, from a cuneate base abruptly dilated into a triangular-semiorbicular lamina, the lower half being mostly concealed by a pair of approximate, semiovate calli.
surpassing the
sublaxly many-flowered, secund.
Junin: Chanchamayo,
La Merced,
epiphyte, Kohler
s.n.
Stelis santiagoensis Mansf. Notizbl. Bot.

239. 1928; C. Schweinf. Bot.
Gart. Berlin 10:

16: 7. 1953.
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose. Stems fascicled, up to about 4.5 cm. high, concealed by 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf oblong-oblanceolate, elliptic-oblanceolate or oblong, obtuse and minutely tridenticulate at the apex, very gradually long-narrowed to a slender petioled base, up to about 13 cm. long
and 1.9 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, more or less exceeding the leaf, slender, subdensely or "laxly" many-flowered, arcuate or flexuous. Flowers small, numer-
FIG. 35.
front, X 25.
Stelis rhombilabia C.
Schweinf.
1,
plant;
X
6.
Y%.
2, flower
expanded; X 6. 3, flower, three-quarters view; 5, lip from above; X 15. 6, petal; X 25.
212
4, lip
from from front;
213
ous, glabrous, bright green. Sepals ovate, 3-nerved, apparently convex. Dorsal sepal acute or short-acuminate, up to 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, smaller,
oblique, obtuse.
Petals
much
concave, fleshy-thickened above.
smaller than the sepals, transversely rhombic, Lip as small as, and similar to, the petals,
transversely rhombic with upcurved sides, obtuse, about 0.6 the lamina being occupied by a fleshy, bilobed thickening.
mm.
long,
most
of
Loreto: Along the
of the Santiago River at in rain-forest, Tessmann
Maranon River from Iquitos to the mouth Pongo de Manseriche, 160 meters, epiphyte
4363 (type), 4086. Examination and measurement of Tessmann 4086 (not "4068") show some discrepancies from the description.
Stelis scansor Reichb.
Stelis 10, no. 75. 1858.
f.
Rhizome elongate, creeping, funiform, entirely concealed by close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Secondary stems short, appressed to the rhizome (often with ascending upper portions), 2 to almost 5 cm. long, entirely concealed by 2 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaves about as long as the stems, ascending, shortly petioled; lamina narrowly elliptic or "oval-lanceolate," subacute, cuneate at the base, up to about 3.8 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, coriaceous; petiole very short and slender, channelled, up to about 5 mm. long. Inflorescence solitary, rather densely many-flowered, shorter than the leaf but surpassing it at maturity. Flowers very small, glabrous. Dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, about 2.6 mm. or more long, rather fleshy. Lateral sepals similar but smaller, prominently 1- (or obscurely 3-) nerved. Petals much smaller than the sepals, suborbicularobovate, rounded at the apex, fleshy-thickened above and in the middle. Lip about as large as the petals, transverse, rhombic, obtuse, fleshy-thickened in the middle, about 0.6 mm. long.
"Peru"(?) fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 138. 1921.
Colombian-Ecuadorian boundary in the Andes (type). The above diagnosis was prepared chiefly from a specimen with immature inflorescences, in the Ames Herbarium.
Stelis serra Lindl. Ann. Orch. Stelis 11, no. 84. 1858.
&
Mag. Nat.
Hist. 12: 397. 1843; Fol.
Plant small, up to about 18 cm. tall, often with an apparently ascending rhizome. Stems approximate, up to about 5.5 cm. high, entirely concealed by 2 or 3 tubular, scarious, evanescent sheaths. Leaf oblong-spatulate (rarely subto oblanceolate-oblong, rounded above with a minutely tridenticulate apex, gradually narrowed to a stout channelled base, up to 7.4 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide, coriaceous, marginate. Inflorescences 1 or 2 to a stem, about twice as long as the leaf or more, up to 16 cm. long, erect to arcuate or flexuous, densely
elliptic)
many-flowered above.
imbricating,
infundibuliform,
Floral bracts conspicuous, distichous, approximate or membranaceous, acute or acuminate. Flowers
very small, yellow, slightly exceeding the floral bracts, glabrous. Sepals about Dorsal sepal suborbicular-ovate, about equal, obtuse, indistinctly 3-nerved.
214
30
1.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals suborbicular, slightly shorter. Petals about half as long as the sepals, cuneate-obovate, with a fleshy-thickened, truncate or retuse apex. Lip slightly longer than the petals, longitudinally concave, subquadratecuneate, trilobed or lightly trilobulate at the rounded apex, with a fleshy-bilobed thickening through the lower half in the center, about 1 mm. long.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 1836 (type). Cuzco: "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2700-3200 meters, epiphyte in thicket, Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, 2800 meters, Pennell 13919.
Vargas 4955,Junin,
1921.
fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 138.
Stelis simacoensis Schltr.
Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Fedde Repert. 27: 47. 1929; C. Harvard Univ. 16: 7. 1953.
Plant small to medium-sized, up to 18 cm. high. Stems caespitose, about 2-8 cm. high, slender, provided with 2 or 3 scarious, tubular, evanescent sheaths of which the uppermost is the largest. Leaf petioled; lamina narrowly oblong to oblong-elliptic (rarely oblanceolate-oblong), up to about 8.4 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded above with a minutely tridenticulate apex, cuneate at the base, coriaceous; petiole up to about 1.5 (1.8) cm. long, channelled, more or less gradually merging into the lamina. Inflorescences 1 to 3, varying from shorter than the leaf to about twice as long as the leaf, densely to sublaxly many-flowered almost to the base, diffuse and commonly arcuate. Flowers very small, yellowish
green or cream-color. Sepals 3-nerved, minutely pubescent within especially toward the margins. Dorsal sepal ovate or oblong-ovate, acute or subacute, up to 2 mm. long. Lateral sepals a little smaller, triangular-ovate, acute or acuminate, oblique, dorsally carinate. Petals much smaller than the sepals, broadly cuneateflabellate, slightly thickened toward the truncate apex. Lip longer and narrower than the petals, quadrate-oblong when viewed from above or cuneate when viewed
from the
side, truncate at the apex, with a transverse, fleshy, retuse keel between the incurved sides near the apex, about 0.60 mm. long.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters, epiphyte in forest, Klug 3520. Also Bolivia (type)
.
Stelis spathulata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 46, t. 80. 1836; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 2, no. 2. 1858; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 347. 1896.
Plant small, caespitose, up to about 11 cm. tall. Stems short, up to 4 cm. high, invested by about 2 tubular, shining, evanescent sheaths. Leaf narrowly oblong-spatulate or cuneate-spatulate, rounded and minutely tridenticulate at
the apex, gradually narrowed to a petioled base, up to 6 cm. long and 7 mm. wide, coriaceous, with revolute margins. Inflorescence solitary, equally long with the
leaf or slightly exceeding it, up to 7 cm. long, densely many-flowered down to the base, very slender, erect or lightly arcuate. Floral bracts distichously imbricated, amplexicaul, ovate, deeply concave, acute, subappressed, longer than the flowers. Flowers very minute. Sepals subconnivent, about equal, ovate-
oblong, acute, 3-nerved, membranaceous,
up
to 1.5
mm.
long.
Petals
much
215
smaller than the sepals, cuneate or cuneate-obovate, concave, thickened at the subtruncate apex. Lip about equally long with the petals, broadly obovate in
outline, tridentate at the subtruncate apex,
about 0.34
mm.
long.
Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) (type) and Cuchero (Cochero), epiphyte, Poeppig s.n. Near Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews
1912.
Also Venezuela.
boldtia spiralis
& Pav.) Pers. Syn. PL 2: 524. 1807. HumPav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 237. 1798. Pleurothallis spiralis Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 7. 1830, apparently
Stelis spiralis (Ruiz
Ruiz
&
referable to Stelis purpur ea Willd.
Junin: Huassa-huassi, in rocky places, Pavdn

Stelis stenophylla Reichb. Orch. Stelis 10, no. 70. 1858.
f.
s.n.
Plant rather small, with an ascending rhizome, about 15 cm. or more high. Stems up to about 7.6 cm. high, approximate, slender, provided with 2 or 3 tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is the largest. Leaf petioled; lamina narrowly oblong ("linear-ligulate"), obtusely acute at the apex, long-narrowed below, up to about 7.6 cm. long and 6 mm. wide; petiole slender, up to 2.5 mm. long. Inflorescence equaling or exceeding the leaf, rather loosely many-flowered. Flowers rather small, nodding, brown. Sepals about equal, ovate, obtuse. Petals much
smaller than the sepals, transversely oval with a cuneate-unguiculate base. Lip broadly triangular-cordate, acute, with the lateral margins minutely denticulate
and the
disc fleshy.
"Peru"(?), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 138. 1921. Also Colombia (type).
A drawing of this concept from the Reichenbach Herbarium was examined, but no actual material was seen.
Stelis striolata Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 4, no. 26. 1858.
Plant medium-sized, up to about 30 cm. tall (base not present in the type). Stems probably caespitose, slender and elongate, about 18 cm. or more long, provided with 2 or more close, tubular sheaths. Leaf petioled, shorter than the stem; lamina lanceolate-elliptic, up to almost 13 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, obtuse, cuneate at the base, sub coriaceous; petiole up to about 2 cm. long, slender. Inflorescences 2 to a stem, about equaling the leaf, diffuse, subdensely many-
Flowers very small, secund. Sepals apparently flowered nearly to the base. ovate, tristriate, rather fleshy. Petals probably much smaller than the sepals, transversely rhombic-cuneate with a broadly rounded apex. Lip about as long
as the petals but narrower, obovate from a broad base, abruptly acute at the subtruncate apex, transversely excavated in front.
Cajamarca
9: 138. 1921.
(ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih.
216
30
The type of this species lacks the lower part of the stem and rhizome, and the description of the flower-parts is inadequate. No material of this concept was seen only a photograph of the type from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Stelis
Tessmannii Mansf.
Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 238.
1928.
up
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to about 14 cm. tall. Stem short, slender, to about 3 cm. high, entirely concealed by 2 loose, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic to elliptic-oblong (rarely slightly wider above the
middle), subobtuse with a minutely tridenticulate apex, cuneate at the base, up to 9 cm. long and 2 cm. wide; petiole slender, channelled, up to about 1.5 cm. long. Inflorescences 1 or 2 to a stem, reaching to a little above the middle of the leaf, densely 10- to 20-flowered. Floral bracts conspicuous, broadly ovate, acute,
Flowers medium-sized, bilabiate, glabrous. equaling the pedicellate ovary. Dorsal sepal ovate or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 5- to 7-nerved, rather fleshy, up to 5.4 mm. long, bright green. Lateral sepals connate into a subequally long but broader, ovate-suborbicular, deeply concave, membranaceous lamina, greenish and carmine or dark carmine. Petals very much smaller than the sepals, concave, transversely rhombic or "cuneate," with a fleshy-thickened apical half. Lip
fleshy, slightly smaller than the petals; when viewed from above, semilunate and truncate in front; when viewed from the front, ovate-semiorbicular and lightly concave near the apex; about 0.5 mm. long and nearly twice as broad.
Loreto: At the mouth of the Santiago River, 160 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Tessmann 4084Stelis thecoglossa Reichb.
tall.
f.
Beitr. Orch.
Centr.-Am. 93. 1866.
Plant variable, caespitose, small to rather large, up to about 30 cm. or more Stems fascicled, about 2-15 (rarely 24) cm. long, with 2-3 close or loose Leaf petioled; tubular, evanescent sheaths, the uppermost being the largest. lamina oblong to oblong-elliptic, rounded or obtuse to subacute, up to 15 cm. long and 2 (rarely 2.7) cm. wide; petiole indistinct to 2 cm. long. Inflorescences solitary or rarely 2-3 to a stem, usually much surpassing the leaf at maturity, about 23 cm. or less long, densely many-flowered, with rather prominent, ascendFlowers small, pale green, yellow and white, or dark red ing, distichous bracts. to purple. Sepals connate at the base, forming a short cup, 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate to round-ovate, obtuse to acute, about 2.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, a very little smaller. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transverse, subrhombic to cuneate-subquadrate, fleshy-thickened above with a subtruncate apex (appearing obtusely acute above). Lip semiorbicular-ovate, concave, rounded or cordate at the base, broadly obtuse to subacute, with a transverse, bilobed keel near the base, about 1.6 mm. or less long.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convencion, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Vargas 2544- A widely distributed species extending from Mexico through Central America to Costa Rica (type), and now Srst notod from South America.
217
Stelis triangulisepala C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15:22, t. 12. 1951. Figure 36.
Plant small, caespitose, up to 12.3 cm. high to the tip of the raceme. Stems very slender, fascicled, about 3.6 cm. or less tall, concealed by 2 or 3 close, tubular sheaths which are imbricating, dark or maculate and evanescent in course of development. Leaf erect, indistinctly petioled, 3.2-6.1 cm. long, 3.5-9 mm. wide; lamina elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, minutely tridenticulate at the subacute apex, gradually narrowed below, up to 5.3 cm. long. Inflorescences axillary, one to several (9), more or less surpassing the leaf, erect to arcuate or diffuse, loosely 4- to 13-flowered above, about 10 cm. or less long. Flowers large for the plant, flat, rounded-triangular in outline, greenish white, glabrous, with sepals deeply connate. Dorsal sepal triangular-ovate, obtuse or subacute, about 4.1 mm. long and slightly wider near the base of the free portion. Lateral sepals closely similar to the dorsal sepal but slightly shorter, suboblique, strongly obtuse. Petals much smaller than the sepals, suborbicular-ovate, rounded above, lightly cordate at the base, with all but the basal portion fleshy-thickened. Lip smaller than the petals, ovate-semiorbicular, obtuse or rounded at the apex, concave, with a prominent, fleshy, transverse, bilobed callus near the middle, about 0.75
mm.
long and
mm.
wide.
Huancavelica: Prov. of Tayacaja, Ampurco woods, between Salcabamba and Surcubamba, 2900 meters, epiphyte on mossy
tree, Stork
&
Horton 10425.
Stelis
tricardium
Plant rather small, caespitose, up to about 20 cm. tall. Stems slender, entirely concealed by 2 or 3 tubular sheaths, up to about 4 cm. high. Leaf oblong-cuneate to oblanceolate or "spatulate," obtuse (the apex of one of the two leaves of the type collection is obviously imperfect or bent back), long-attenuate below into a channelled petiole, coriaceous, up to about 9 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, suberect to diffuse, about twice as long as the leaf, up to about 18 cm. long, rather loosely many-flowered above. Flowers small. Sepals equal,
broadly ovate-cordate, acute, 3-nerved, conspicuously fine-pubescent within. Petals much smaller than the sepals, rhombic-cuneate, with a fleshy-thickened, subtruncate apex. Lip about equaling the petals, suborbicular-hexagonal, truncate in front, with most of the inner surface covered by a large, medianly channelled, fleshy callus.
138. 1921.
Puno, (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: Also Ecuador (type).
The above description was compiled with the aid of photographs bearing analytical drawings, from the Lindley Herbarium
at
Kew.
Stelis triseta Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 17, no. 126. 1858.
Plant large, caespitose, usually with proliferous stems which are sometimes tangled into large loose mats. Stem members up to about 16 cm. long, rooting
STELIS
"frriangulisep a la
OcAu)
FIG. 36.
Stelis triangulisepala C.
Schweinf.
1,
5.
3, lip
from
side;
20.
4, lip
from front;
plant; 20.
s-
2,
flower;
218

at the nodes, adorned with 2-4 close,
219
more or
less
maculate, tubular sheaths.
Leaves petioled; lamina elliptic-oblong to lanceolate, acute or subacute with a minutely tridenticulate apex, shortly cuneate below, up to 9 cm. long and 2.3 cm. wide; petiole slender, about 1.5 cm. or less long. Inflorescence solitary, loosely to subdensely many-flowered, up to 22 cm. long. Flowers small, nodding, bilabiate, yellowish white, white and dark pink or pale green with lavender Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, concave, acute or subacute, up to 4 mm. streaks.
long, 3- (rarely 4-) nerved. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate, acute, much shorter and wider than the dorsal sepal, more or less connate into a suborbicular-ovate,
deeply concave lamina. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely rhombic, with the apical margins fleshy-thickened and produced into a long, conspicuous mucro in the middle. Lip similar to the petals, cuneate-obovate, retusetruncate in front, produced into a long mucro or cusp in the middle, about 1.6 mm. long; disc of the lower portion concave, mostly occupied by a large fleshy
callus.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Vargas 2552. Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, 2800 meters, epiphyte, Vargas 4949- Also
Bolivia (type) and Venezuela.
Stelis triseta Lindl. var. pardipes (Reichb. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 24. 1951.
f.
f.)
C. Schweinf.
pardipes
Bot.
Stelis
Reichb.
Beitr. Orch.
Centr.-Am. 96. 1866.
Plant variable, caespitose, commonly with simple stems up to about 15.5 cm. long, with close, maculate sheaths similar to those of the type. Leaves petioled; lamina linear-oblong to elliptic-oblong, commonly obtuse, gradually narrowed below, up to 11 cm. long and 1.9 (rarely 2.2) cm. wide; petiole similar
to that of the type. Inflorescences 1-2 (rarely 5) to a stem, suberect to diffuse, loosely to subdensely many-flowered, shorter or longer than the leaf, up to about 23 cm. long. Flowers closely similar to those of the type, commonly greenish
wine-color.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 7501000 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 22773. Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, between Sta. Isabel and Asuncion, 1800 meters, epiphyte, flowers yellow, Vargas 5530. Junin: Pichis Trail, Dos de Mayo, 1700-1900 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, flowers greenish, Killip & Smith 25806, 25883. Common in Costa Rica (type).
Stelis uninervia C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard Univ.
15:25,
t.
13. 1951.
Figure 37.
Plant medium-sized, slender, up to 27 cm. high. Stems caespitose, sometimes in pairs, very slender, 11.5-13.7 cm. long, with about 3 close, tubular sheaths, the uppermost being elongate and separated from the others. Leaf shortpetioled,
up
to 10.3 cm. long; lamina narrowly elliptic-oblong, obtuse, shortly
220
30
cuneate at the base, about 9 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide. Inflorescences fascicled, subequaling or surpassing the leaf, 14 to 16 in number, about 7.5-15 cm. long, subdensely many-flowered nearly to the base. Flowers very small, glabrous, pale yellowish white. Sepals connate at the base, membranaceous, 1-nerved, with very short, indistinct lateral nerves near the base. Dorsal sepal ovate, sharply acute, about 2 mm. long. Lateral sepals closely similar, slightly oblique. Petals much smaller, obovate-oval, subacute, with a thickened apex. Lip slightly larger than the petals, strongly concave, suborbicular-ovate when expanded, sharply acute, lightly retuse on each side above the middle, about 1.2 mm. long and 1.1 mm. wide, lightly transverse-thickened at the base.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Hda. Ttio, meters, in sunny, rocky places, Vargas 3116.
Marcapata, 2000
Stelis velutina Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 17, no. 130. 1858.
Plant small to medium-sized, densely caespitose, up to about 27 cm. or more Stems entirely or mostly concealed by 2 or 3 loose, tubular, evanescent sheaths, up to about 12 cm. high. Leaf narrowly elliptic-oblong to elliptic (rarely apparently slightly broader above), obtuse to rounded with a minutely tridenticulate apex, gradually narrowed to a more or less distinctly petioled base, up to about 12.5 cm. long including the petiole, and 3.3 cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescences 1 or 2, about twice as long as the leaf or more, up to about 27 cm.
tall.
long, flexuous-suberect to arcuate, rather loosely to subdensely many-flowered.
Flowers small, bilabiate, whitish green, green or greenish yellow. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, concave, obtuse, 3-nerved, minutely papillose Lateral sepals smaller, oblique, 3-nerved, semiwithin, up to 5.5 mm. long. connate or entirely connate into a suborbicular or broadly ovate, concave lamina. Petals much smaller than the sepals, cuneate-obovate or transversely cuneatesubrhombic, broadly rounded and fleshy-thickened at the apex. Lip a little smaller than the petals, suborbicular-ovate in outline, lightly 3-lobed near the middle, with the lateral lobes relatively small and incurved and the apical lobe ovate to ovate-triangular or shallowly triangular, about 1 mm. long; disc with a large fleshy, bilobed, transverse callus extending between the lateral lobes.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 7501000 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 22777 Cuzco: "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3000-3300 meters, epiphyte in thicket in valley of paramo, Pennell 14118. Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 1900 meters, on tree in low highland forest, Woytkowski 35477. Also Ecuador (type).
This species
is
widely variable both vegetatively and
florally.
Cogn Martius
Stelis viridipurpurea Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 3, no. 13. 1858; Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 350. 1896.
Plant caespitose, medium-sized, up to about 28 cm. tall. Stem slender, up to 8 cm. long, clothed with 2 or 3 loose, tubular, spathaceous, evanescent sheaths. Leaf spatulate-oblong to oblong or elliptic-oblong, rounded at the apex, narrowed
below to a scarcely petioled base, up to 9 cm. long and 2.3 cm. wide, coriaceous.
STELIS
Cs Scfuvtfe, tnf/
FIG. 37.
3, petal;
Stelis uninervia C.
Schweinf.
side;
1,
20.
4, lip
from front and
plant; 20.
X K.
2, flower;
12.
221
222
30
Inflorescences 1 or 2 to a stem, very slender, lax, up to 20 cm. long, more than twice as long as the leaf, sublaxly many-flowered almost to the base. Flowers small, green tinged with purple. Sepals glabrous, 3-nerved, membranaceous, concave, connate at the base. Dorsal sepal broadly round-ovate, obtuse, 3 mm.
Lateral sepals smaller, obliquely triangular-ovate, subacute. Petals minute, transversely oval or "oblate-sagittate," broadly rounded and fleshythickened at the apex. Lip as long as the petals, semiorbicular, truncate in front, fleshy, transversely callose below the middle, about 0.67 mm. long and 1 mm. wide.
long.
138. 1921.
Loreto (ex Cogniaux), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: Also Brazil (type).
The above diagnosis was compiled with the aid of two photographs of the type number in the Ames Herbarium.
Stelis
Weberbaueri
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
9: 70. 1921;
112, nr. 440. 1929.
Plant medium-sized to large for the genus, up to about 35 cm. tall, densely Stems numerous, stout, up to about 21.5 cm. high, provided with caespitose. 2 to 4 loose, tubular, evanescent sheaths of which the uppermost is much the
largest
and commonly separated. Leaf rigidly erect, narrowly elliptic-oblong, obtuse with a minutely tridenticulate apex, gradually narrowed below to a subsessile channelled base, up to about 15.5 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide, apparently fleshy-coriaceous. Inflorescences 2 to 6, short, twice or three times shorter than the leaf, subdensely many-flowered to the base, more or less diffuse, up to 6.5 cm. Flowers very small, nodding, greenish yellow. Sepals 3-nerved, connate long. at the base, minutely pubescent within. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate or roundovate, obtuse or subacute, up to 2.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but distinctly smaller, round-ovate, oblique.
Petals
much
smaller than the sepals,
transversely subrhombic with rounded outer angles, fleshy-thickened toward the broad apex. Lip slightly larger than the petals, cuneate-subquadrate, concave,
very obscurely 3-lobed at the truncate apex, with a bilobed fleshy callus above the middle, up to about 1 mm. long.
east of
Huancabamba, western slopes of the Cordillera Huancabamba, 2500 meters, Weberbauer 6315. This diagnosis was drawn from several collections of the type
Piura: Prov. of
number.
PHYSOSIPHON
Lindl.
Small and inconspicuous, tropical American epiphytes. Plant caespitose, with slender, non-pseudobulbous stems invested by 1 to several, tubular sheaths and bearing a single, erect leaf at the summit. Leaf oblong or elliptic-oblong
(rarely spatulate-oblong or obovate), coriaceous.
axillary
issuing from a point just below the leaf, racemose, generally less exceeding the leaf. Flowers small to minute, commonly numerous.
and
Inflorescences 1 or 2, submore or
Sepals long-connate at the base into a camp?.nulate or urceolate cup, with free lobes which are erect or somewhat spreading. Petals dwarf, concealed in the tube,

cuneate (or rarely lanceolate). Lip slightly larger than the petals, 3-lobed, narrowed toward the base and in front.
223
commonly
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21, sub t. 1797. Pleurothallis emarginata Reichb. f. Bonpl. 4: 217. 1856. 1836; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 6. 1830. Humboldtia emarginata Pav. ex Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 6. 1830, in synon.
Physosiphon emarginatus
Plant caespitose, up to about 23 cm. high. Stem short, up to about 4 cm. or high, concealed by several tubular sheaths. Leaf solitary, oblong or linearlorate, minutely emarginate at the broadly rounded apex, gradually narrowed to a channelled, indistinctly petioled base, up to about 11.5 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide. Racemes solitary, capillary, arcuate-nodding, up to 22.9 cm. long, rather loosely many-flowered. Sepals connate to a point beyond the middle, with the Petals dwarf, cuneate, shorter than the free portions ovate-lanceolate, fleshy. column. Lip parallel to the column and of equal length, very small but larger than the petals, 3-lobed; lateral lobes retrorse, abbreviated and retuse; mid-lobe elongate and obtuse; lamina with a pair of very obscure keels converging toward the apex.
more
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Pavon

Schlechter,
fide
Fedde Repert. Beih.
s.n. (type). Huanuco(?), fide 9: 135. 1921. Also British Guiana,
Cogniaux, Martius
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 342. 1896.
The
details of the lip
were supplied by Reichenbach
(I.e.).
CRYPTOPHORANTHUS
Barb. Rodr.
A small genus of American epiphytes extending from Costa Rica, Panama and the West Indies through northern South America to Brazil and Peru. Plants small to medium-sized (or rarely large), with an abbreviated or more rarely creeping rhizome. Stems usually clustered, concealed by sheaths, one-leaved at the apex. Leaves erect, usually broad. Inflorescences consisting of fascicled,
1-flowered, axillary racemes. Flowers small to medium-sized. Sepals connate at the base and apex forming two lateral openings or "windows." Petals much smaller. Lip equally large or larger than the petals, unguiculate, attached to the column-foot, more or less 3-lobed. Column erect, clavate, wingless, produced into a rather long foot.
commonly
all
Al.
Cauline sheaths very loose; leaves broadly elliptic to suborbicular-o val flowers relatively large, sepals commonly 3-4 cm. long, oblong-elliptic; claw of the lip with a toothed keel C. Day anus
;
A2.
Cauline sheaths rather close; leaves oblong-elliptic (rarely

relatively small, sepals
of the lip
about 2.5 cm. or
elliptic); flowers less long, oblong-lanceolate; claw
with a simple tubercle
C. oblongifolius
Cryptophoranthus Dayanus
ser. 3, 2: 692, fig. 134.
(Reichb.
f.)
1887; Bot.
f.
Mag.
143,
t.
Rolfe, Gard. Chron. 8740. 1917. Mas-
devallia
Dayana Reichb.
Gard. Chron. new
ser. 14: 295.
1880.
224
30
Plant medium-sized to large for the genus, up to 25 cm. high. Rhizome Stems caespitose, several-jointed, up to 11 cm. high, 1-leaved at the apex, entirely or mostly concealed by several loose, tubular, scarious, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, shortly but distinctly petioled; lamina elliptic to Inflorescences oval, subobtuse, apiculate, up to 10 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide.
abbreviated.
short,
axillary, fascicled, 1-flowered. Ovary with 6 crisped wings. Flowers nodding, the largest of the genus, honey-colored to yellow, marked with dark purple. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, concave, up to 3 or 4 cm. long, connate with the lateral sepals at the tip. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-oblong, connate at the base and at the abruptly apiculate apex, individually much smaller than the
Petals minute, obliquely subquadrate-ovate, abruptly acute, about Lip gently arcuate in natural position with the sides of the middle and apical portions incurved, about 6 mm. long when expanded, with a distinct oblong claw bearing an upright toothed keel; lamina triangular-hastate with small angulate lateral lobes tapering to a denticulate acute apex and with an Column short, arcuate, about equaling the intramarginal keel on each side.
dorsal sepal.
mm.
long.
petals.
in forest at
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Amaibamba, 1800 meters, epiphyte Santa Barbara, Vargas 7548. Also Colombia (type).
Cryptophoranthus oblongifolius
up
Rolfe,
Kew
Bull. 1895. 5.
Plant medium-sized, up to 20 cm. high. Stems caespitose, several-jointed, to 12.5 cm. high, 1-leaved at the apex, entirely concealed by rather close, Leaf erect, shortly petioled; lamina elliptic to tubular, evanescent sheaths.
oblong-elliptic, acute, apiculate,
up
to 8.5 cm. long
and
3.5
cm. wide.
Inflo-
rescences short, axillary, 1-flowered.
Ovary with 9
lightly
winged angles.
Flowers
nodding, dull yellow veined with maroon-purple. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, about 2.5 cm. long, lightly carinate, concave. Lateral sepals
similar but slightly longer, prominently wing-carinate. Petals minute, obliquely quadrate or quadrate-oblong, very abruptly acute to retuse-apiculate or tridentate. Lip rather longer than the petals, about 5 mm. long, prominently
clawed; claw quadrate-oblong, provided with a fleshy tubercle; lamina hastate, acute or acuminate, cordate at the base with retrorse thickened auricles.
Andes: Habitat and collector not recorded (type).
Ayacucho:
Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 meters, in open Smith 22590. This woods, "perianth brownish (wilted)/' Killip collection differs from the type in having stems usually much
&
longer and leaves often
somewhat broader.
Ruiz et Pav.
MASDEVALLIA
more
bulbose, 1-leaved above, concealed
Small, medium-sized or large American epiphytic herbs, either caespitose or rarely with a creeping rhizome. Stem rather short or very short, not pseudo-
by 1 or several scarious, imbricating sheaths. Leaf commonly coriaceous, generally long-narrowed toward the base. Inflorescence terminal, either 1- to 3-flowered near the apex or loosely several-flowered and racemose, with the peduncle terete or angled and commonly bearing 1 to 3

sheaths.
225
Sepals generally more or less connate at the base into a cup or tube, usually terminating in a more or less elongate tail or cauda. Petals much smaller, usually narrow. Lip very small, in size similar to the petals, polymorphic, articulated to the column-foot, recurved or arcuate-spreading. Column about as long as the lip, winged or margined above, commonly with a short foot.
Al.
Inflorescence (including the peduncle) abbreviated, hardly 1 cm. long, M. perpusilla densely few-flowered Inflorescence (including the peduncle)
A2.
la.
more or
less elongate, 2.5
cm. or
I 1
more long
Ib.
la.
Flowers loosely racemose, several to numerous Flowers solitary, or several and subfasciculate
Sepals gradually long-tapering to caudate tips; petals oblong-ligulate, not
broadened above
Ib.
M. cinnamomea
tails;
Sepals with abrupt
broadened above
2a.
petals oblong-spatulate or cuneate-spatulate, 2
Inner surface of the wide sepaline cup closely white-pilose; lateral sepals much narrower than the dorsal sepal M. polysticta
sepals
2b.
Inner surface of the narrow sepaline cup glabrous or nearly so; lateral 3 commonly little narrower than the dorsal sepal
of the sepals
3a.
Margin Margin
smooth; flowers secund; basal part
of the lip white
edged with crimson

3b.
4a.
M. melanopus
. .
of the dorsal sepal (and often of the lateral sepals) denticulate or .4 serrate; flowers not secund; lip yellow with or without crimson lines.
Dorsal sepal ovate-triangular; lateral sepals ovate-oblong; tudinal crimson lines and spots on the basal half
All the sepals ovate-triangular; lip yellow throughout
lip
with longi-
4b.
5a.
Sepaline cup lacking, dorsal sepal free

Sepaline cup present (even
if
M. caloptera M. abbreviate/, M. longiflora

less
5b.
short), all the sepals
more or
deeply
6
connate
6a.
Sepals acute or short-acuminate, without tails or distinctly narrowed terminations M. plantaginea

7 Sepals long-acuminate or with more or less abrupt tails Free part of the sepals short, up to about 8 mm. long; plant very small, 10 cm. or less tall M. minuta
6b.
7a.
7b.
Free part of the sepals more or

or
less elongate,
that of the dorsal sepal 11

to large
mm.
8
more
long; plants
commonly medium-sized
8a.
Sepaline tube cylindric-campanulate, relatively narrow; flowers large and 9 showy on peduncles usually much surpassing the leaves
8b.
Sepaline tube short-campanulate and relatively broad or very shallow; flowers commonly medium-sized to small; peduncles often shorter than the leaves 15
9a.
Tube formed by the

parts)
sepals distinctly constricted above (beneath the free
M.
sepals not constricted above
constricta
9b. lOa.
Tube formed by the
10
Tails of the lateral sepals abbreviated with the sepals often merely caudate11 acuminate, terminations about 7 mm. or less long Tails of the lateral sepals relatively elongate
lOb.
and
distinct,
about 8
mm.
more long
or 12
226
lla.
30
lib.
12a.
Flower bright yellow; petals 3-dentate at the apex M. Davisii Flower scarlet to purple (rarely bluish or parti-colored); petals bilobulate or retuse at the apex M. coccinea Lip gradually narrowed toward the base; lamina ecarinate .M. purpurina
1
.
12b.
13a.
13 Lip not perceptibly narrowed below; lamina bicarinate Free part of the dorsal sepal (without the tail) about 2.5 cm. or more long; lateral sepals 5-nerved M. Veitchiana
13b.
14a.
Free part of the dorsal sepal (without the lateral sepals 3-nerved
tail)
about
1.1
cm. or
less long;
14
Lateral sepals triangular-ovate, separated by a relatively long, narrow or M. amabilis angular sinus; lip pandurate, acute or apiculate Lateral sepals round-triangular, separated oblong, more or less obtuse
14b.
15a.
by a broad, shallow
so
sinus; lip
M. Barlaeana
16
.
Peduncle longer than the Peduncle subequal to the

remaining
leaf,
usually
much
15b.
16a.
leaf or
much
shorter, rarely slightly longer.
.26
Inflorescence 2- or 3-flowered at the apex, sometimes only a single flower
17
21
16b.
17a.
Inflorescence 1-flowered
Peduncle
much
exceeding the leaf (almost twice as long)

leaf; petals
18
obliquely 19
17b.
18a.
Peduncle subequaling or somewhat exceeding the obtuse to acute

Tails of the lateral sepals short, about 4 base and tapering above
mm.
long; lip broadest near the
M.
Weberbaueri
18b.
Tails of the lateral sepals elongate, over 19
mm.
the middle
19a.
long; lip broadest above M. infracta
19b.
Plant large, leaf usually 13 cm. or more long; flower large, dorsal sepal 6.5-8 cm. long M. maculata Plant medium-sized to small, leaf 12.7 cm. or less long; dorsal sepal 4 cm. or less long 20
20a.
Connate portion of the lateral sepals short, about 1.3 cm. or less long; tails of the lateral sepals slender, rather abrupt; lip small, about 8 mm. or
less
20b.
auropurpurea about 2.2 cm. long; tails of the lateral sepals stout, gradually continued from the lower part; lip relatively M. Vargasii large, about 19 mm. long
long
.
Connate portion
of the lateral sepals long,
21a.
Tail of the dorsal sepal (when present) relatively short, about 1.5 cm. or
less
long
22
21b.
22a.
Tail of the dorsal sepal elongate, 3 cm. or
more long
23
Petals acute, without a decurved auricle at the base; lip with numerous M. Bonplandii papillae near the apex
monograph
2
This species has been referred to M. amabilis Reichb. f. by Kranzlin in his of Masdevallia (in Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 23. 1925), but this reduction seems to me erroneous.
1
The peduncle in M. uniflora HBK. (which is often regarded as a synonym of Bonplandii Reichb. f.) is described in the text of the former concept (but not shown in the accompanying figure) as about twice surpassing the leaves. However, Kranzlin, in his treatment of Masdevallia Bonplandii (in Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 167. 1925), describes the scape as about one third surpassing the leaves.
M.

22b.
227
Petals broadly obtuse to 3-dentate at the apex, with a conspicuous decurved auricle at the base; lip without papillae toward the apex.
M.
23a.
uniflora
23b.
24a.
Dorsal sepal gradually narrowed above into its tail 24 Dorsal sepal with an abrupt tail 25 Sepaline cup densely pilose within, white with yellow streaks; lip retuse M. aspera 2 at the apex
Sepaline cup glabrous within or nearly so, yellow or orange more or less M. maculala shaded with red-brown; lip rounded at the apex Petals retuse and tridentate at the apex, with a prominent deflexed auricle at the base in front; lip distinctly narrowed near the base and in the M. pandurilabia middle
Petals obtuse, without a prominent basal auricle; lip oblong, only slightly M. Schroederiana 3 narrowed in the middle
Petals distinctly broader above the middle than at the base
24b.
25a.
25b.
26a.
27
26b.
27a.
Petals not noticeably broader above the middle, or
if
middle angled below Lip 3-lobed above the middle; flower yellow and dark purple with orange
tails
broader above the 29
M.
bicolor
27b.
28a.
Lip simple; flower white or white marked with purple, sometimes with 28 yellowish tails Leaves spatulate; flowers waxy; sepaline tube nearly 2 cm. long.
burfordiensis*
28b.
29a.
Leaves with lamina linear or elliptic-linear; flowers membranaceous; sepaM. grandiflora line tube about 5-6.5 mm. long
Lip long-clawed, ovate-oblong, deeply cordate at the base; plant small. M. pumila Lip indistinctly clawed, oblong-linear to pandurate-oblong or rhombic. .30
Inflorescences about half as long as the leaves or less; leaves linear, very thick and fleshy M. civilis Inflorescences little shorter than the leaves, subequaling them or slightly .31 surpassing them; leaves elliptic-oblanceolate or oblong to spatulate.
. .
29b.
30a.
30b.
31a.
Sepaline cup densely pilose or puberulent within Sepaline cup glabrous or nearly so;
tail; lip
32 33
31b.
32a.
lip
not retuse
Leaves oblong, acute; dorsal sepal oblong, gradually contracted into the
retuse
M.
aspera
32b.
Leaves spatulate to oblanceolate, commonly rounded above; dorsal sepal suborbicular-ovate, abruptly contracted into the tail; lip obtuse to acute.
M.
1
nidifica
The tail of the dorsal sepal of M. uniflora Rufz & Pav. was described by Miss Woolward in her monograph of Masdevallia as about 1.3 cm. long and a specimen determined as belonging to this species has a tail about 1 cm. long.
2
The exact proportion
of the
cup was not described, so
this
organ was assumed

in the
to be short-campanulate.
3 This species, of which no definite habitat is recorded, is here included key only because it was once attributed to Peru with a question.
4 This species, of which we lack any record, has been reduced to M. angulata Reichb. f. by Kranzlin in his monograph of Masdevallia (in Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 58. 1925), but this treatment seems to me doubtful.
228
33a.
30
Lip narrowly rhombic, cartilaginous-thickened at the apex; leaves spatuM. hymenantha late, rounded at the apex Lip linear-oblong to pandurate-oblong; leaves oblanceolate or elliptic34 oblanceolate, subacute to obtuse
33b.
34a.
Peduncle
terete, 1-flowered; flowers
white blotched with purple.
M.
34b.
35a.
ionocharis
Peduncle angulate, ancipitous or narrowly winged,
1- to 3-flowered; flowers
35b.
35 yellow and brown or purple and brown Tails of the lateral sepals 13-28 mm. long; petals acute or apiculate; sepals M. auropurpurea yellow tinged with brown Tails of the lateral sepals about 7-11 mm. long; petals bilobulate to biden1 tate; sepals light brown and purple and whitish near the base M. peruviana
.
Masdevallia abbreviata Reichb.
f.
Card. Chron.
n.s. 10: 106.

t.;
1878; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 4 (1893) Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 38. 1925.
Kranzl.
Plant medium-sized, densely caespitose. Stem abbreviated. Leaf spatulate to oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse at the tridenticulate apex, narrowed into a long Peduncle including the raceme petiole, up to about 15 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide.
up
7-) flowered,
to about 18 cm. long, slender, terete, loosely racemose, several- (up to about with the rachis short, up to about 7 cm. long. Flower small for the
Sepals white, more or less spotted with crimson, connate below into genus. a rounded urceolate tube about 6 mm. long. Dorsal sepal suborbicular-ovate or
ovate-triangular with denticulate margins, terminating in an abrupt narrow, yellow tail about 11-16 mm. long. Lateral sepals narrower, obliquely ovate, with subequal tails. Petals much smaller, spatulate-cuneate with the upper margins denticulate, retuse-apiculate at the truncate apex (thus appearing tridentate), with an angled keel on the lower part of the anterior margin. Lip a little larger than the petals, oblong-pandurate, pale yellow, about 4.8 mm. long; basal portion ovate with narrowed base; apical part smaller, suborbicular, sometimes 3-lobulate in front; lamina grooved at the base, 2-keeled above.
Peru (eastern) Habitat not recorded, Bruchmuller or Roezl s.n. Cajamarca: Prov. of Gualgayoc (Hualgayoc), in Taolis (type). 2800 meters, in evergreen woods rich in xerophitic forms, Valley, Weberbauer 4823. Also Ecuador.
:
Masdevallia amabilis Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 116. 1854; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 1 (1890) t.; Kranzl. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 34: 23. 1925.
Plant caespitose, medium-sized but with a large showy flower. Stem very Leaf oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse, with a tridenticulate apex, narrowed to a more or less elongate grooved petiole, about 8-18 cm. long, up to 2.5 cm. wide. Peduncle elongate, 1-flowered, up to about 30 cm. long, terete, slender. Sepals connate at the base into a narrow cylindric-campanulate tube
short.
1 This concept may prove to be a form of M. auropurpurea, which appears to be very variable in the length of the sepaline tails.
229
about 1.5-2.3 cm. long. Dorsal sepal ovate, orange shaded with crimson, tapering Lateral sepals triangular-ovate, into a slender tail up to nearly 4 cm. long. cohering for about 2-4 cm. and forming an angular sinus between them, red
shaded with crimson, with the tails about one half as long as those of the dorsal Petals very small, narrowly oblong, apiculate at the broad oblique apex, sepal. with a prominent longitudinal keel near the anterior margin terminating below in a curved point. Lip about as long as the petals, about 6 mm. long, oblongpandurate with a recurved, rounded, apiculate apex, longitudinally bicarinate.
s.n. (type).
Near the Inca stronghold Malca, near Cuclap, south
of
Amazonas: Chacha-
poyas, 2600-2800 meters, in evergreen thickets, Weberbauer Jf317.
Cajamarca: Hacienda la Tahoma, near Hualgayoc, on cliffs, 3100 meters, Weberbauer 4016. Piura: Near Huancabamba, Roezl
s.n.
Masdevallia aspera Reichb.

34: 82. 1925.
Plant caespitose.
f.
ex Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih.
Stems abbreviated, about 1 cm. high. Leaf oblong, acute, to 5.5 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide. Scape equaling or slightly surpassing the leaves. Sepals connate into an urceolate cup about 1 cm. long,
coriaceous,
up
densely pilose within, white with longitudinal yellow lines and yellow tails. Dorsal sepal oblong, about 1.5 cm. long, gradually narrowed into a tail about 3.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals a little larger, with tails about 3 cm. long. Petals oblong, slightly falcate, acute, carinate, with a short obtuse tooth at the base. Lip broadly linear or ligulate, retuse at the reflexed apex, subcrenulate on the
margin.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Roezl
s.n.
Also Bolivia.
f.
Masdevallia atropurpurea Reichb.

(index), sphalm.
= M.
auropurpurea Reichb.
f.
Walp. Ann. & Warsc.
6:
1216
Masdevallia aureo-rosea Weberb.

1911.
in Pflanzw. Peru.
And. 288.
= M. auropurpurea
Reichb.
f.
&
Warsc.,
fide Schltr.
Masdevallia auropurpurea Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 115. 1854; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 8 (1896) t.; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 120. 1925. Masdevallia Herzogii Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 10: 42. 1922; Mansf. Fedde Repert, Beih. 57: t. 137, nr. 536. 1929. Masdevallia xanthura Schltr. Fedde Repert.
27:39. 1929.
Plant densely caespitose, up to about 15 cm. tall. Stems abbreviated. Leaf oblong-oblanceolate (more rarely spatulate or elliptic), gradually narrowed to a more or less elongate, sulcate petiole, obtuse or subacute with a tridenticulate
tip,
up
to 12.7 cm. long
and
2.5 cm. wide.
Peduncle subequaling the leaves
230
30
(a little shorter or longer), crowned with 1 to 3 flowers, bialate or triquetrous. Flower medium-sized for the genus. Sepals connate at the base into an urceolate cup about 1.3 cm. long, yellow washed with brown (rarely lilac). Dorsal sepal triangular, tapering into a slender tail 2.5 to almost 4 cm. long, below connate with the lateral sepals for about 8 mm. Lateral sepals obliquely triangular-ovate, with rather abrupt tails about half as long as that of the dorsal sepal or more, more deeply connate with each other than with the dorsal sepal. Petals linearoblong, acute or apiculate at the oblique apex, with a longitudinal keel near the
anterior margin. Lip similar to the petals in size, lanceolate-oblong, cordate at the base, short-acuminate, papillose and reflexed at the apex, 5-8 mm. long; lamina with a pair of converging keels (sometimes angulate) near the middle.
Junin:
in
Chanchamayo
Valley, 1200
1231, 1308, 1690.
Prov. of Tarma,
Agua
and 1600 meters, Schunke Dulce, 1900 meters, on tree
low highland forest, Woytkowski 35436. Loreto, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 133. 1921. Also Colombia (type), Ecuador and Bolivia (types of M. Herzogii and M. xanthura).
Masdevallia Barlaeana Reichb.
f.
Card. Chron.
n.s. 5: 170.
t.;
Kranzl.
Stem very short. Leaf oblong-oblanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, obtuse or acute with a tridenticulate apex, gradually narrowed below into a grooved petiole, up to about 12.7 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Peduncle about twice surFlowers showy. Sepals connate below into passing the leaves, 1-flowered. a narrow, campanulate-cylindric, curved tube which is about 1.6 cm. or more long, rose-magenta shaded with scarlet or crimson. Dorsal sepal ovate-triangular, with a slender tail about 2.5-3.8 cm. long. Lateral sepals round-triangular, with an abrupt tail about 1.4 cm. long, more deeply connate with each other than with the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, linear-oblong, more or less tridentate at the
truncate apex, with a longitudinal keel close to the forward margin and projecting into a tooth. Lip about equaling the petals, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, subcordate at the base, longitudinally bicarinate in the middle, with a subacute
recurved apex, about 6
mm.
long.
Cuzco: In the Andes, habitat not recorded, Davis s.n. (type). Prov. of Urubamba, Salapunco, 2400 meters, Km. 84, F. C., C.S.A., on rocks, humus and mosses, Vargas 5988.
Masdevallia bicolor Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 6, 108 B. 1837; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 332. 1896; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 119. 1925. Masdevallia biflora E. Morr.
t.
Fl. Serres ser. 2, 9: 128. 1873.
Plant small, up to about 10 cm. high. Stems very short. Leaf oblongspatulate, tridenticulate at the rounded apex, gradually narrowed below to a short channelled petiole, 5-8 cm. long, 1.4-2.5 cm. wide. Peduncle equaling
or slightly shorter than the leaves, ancipitous or trigonous, 1-flowered.
Flower
231
medium-sized but large for the plant. Sepals connate below into a short urceolate cup 6-10 mm. long, tapering into slender tails. Dorsal sepal triangular-oblong, yellow, with filiform tail up to about 3 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, dark purple, with similar decurved tails. Petals very small, falcately oblongcuneate, very obliquely emarginate or bilobulate at the dilated apex. Lip similar to the petals in size, cuneate-obovate, obtusely 3-lobed above with the mid-lobe obtusely triangular, 5-6 mm. long.
Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), on old

woods, Poeppig 1662 (type).
trees in
mountain
Also Venezuela, fide Kranzl.
Masdevallia Bonplandii Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 69. 1855; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 167. 1925. Masdevallia uniflora HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 361, t. 89. 1816, non Ruiz & Pav.
Plant caespitose, medium-sized. Stems rather short, up to about 5 cm. tall. Leaf oblong-spatulate, tridenticulate at the obtuse apex, up to about 8 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, gradually attenuate below into a petiole up to 10 cm. long (according to Kranzlin). Peduncle distinctly exceeding the leaves, up to about 20 cm. long, 1-flowered. Sepals connate into an urceolate cup which is about 1.5 cm. long or about 4 cm. long from the ovary to the tip of a sepal, yellowish spotted with brownish-purple. Dorsal sepal triangular, shortly acuminate with a distinctly narrowed, subcaudate tip. Lateral sepals similar, with shorter tips. Petals about three times shorter than the sepals, oblong, acute, carinate, more or less dilated near the middle. Lip a little longer than the petals, with a short, linear claw; lamina oblong, slightly broader near the middle (and thus obscurely 3-lobed), broadly rounded at the apex, shortly bicarinate in the middle, with the
1
reflexed apical part densely papillose.
"Peru," fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Also Ecuador (type).
Beih.
9:
133.
1921.
Masdevallia burfordiensis 2 O'Brien, Card. Chron.

33:99. 1903.
ser.
3,
Stems short. Leaves spatulate, coriaceous. Peduncle about 5 cm. long, Flowers large, waxy. Sepals connate below into purple-spotted, 1-flowered. a cup or tube about 1.9 cm. long and broad; free portions triangular, gradually
diminishing into slender yellowish tails, the whole about 5 cm. long, claretPetals very small, spatulate. purple within, whitish without. Lip ligulate, channelled in the middle, densely spotted with rose-purple.
"Peru?," fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 133. 1921. Also Ecuador (type).
The exact description of the petals, as indeed of the whole plant, is rendered by the absence of authentic specimens of M. Bonplandii in the Ames herbarium and by the somewhat contradictory drawings of Bonplandii and of M.
1
difficult
uniflora
HBK.
in Reichenbach's
Herbarium.
2 Kranzlin (Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 58. 1925) has referred this concept to Masdevallia angulata Reichb. f., but the identity seems to me questionable, as it did to F. C. Lehmann, who collected both species.
232
30
Masdevallia caloptera Reichb. f. Card. Chron. n.s. 1: 338. 1874 (nomen tantum); n.s. 2: 322. 1874; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 7 (1895) t.; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 39. 1925. Masdevallia biflora Regel, Gartenfl. 40: 90, 1. 1341, fig. 2. 1891.
Plant densely caespitose. Stems very short. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate to narrowly spatulate, up to about 8.5 cm. long and 1.7 cm. wide, tridenticulate at the rounded apex, narrowed into a short, grooved petiole. Peduncle up to
about 15 cm. long, slender, terete, loosely 2- to 6-flowered. Sepals connate below into a small cup which is white with crimson streaks and about 4-6 mm. Dorsal sepal round-triangular, minutely denticulate, with an abrupt long. yellow tail about 1 cm. long. Lateral sepals ovate-oblong with tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, oblong-spatulate, retuse and strongly mucronate at the dilated apex, denticulate above with a prominent longitudinal keel close to the anterior margin. Lip a little larger than the petals, pandurateoblong, more or less trilobulate at the apex, about 4.2 mm. long, with a pair of
erect lateral lobes (longitudinal keels) terminating within the disc
and continued
by
longitudinal fleshy lines.
Peru:
Northern
Andes,
Roezl
Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih.
s.n. (type). 9: 134. 1921. Also
Cajamarca, fide Colombia (type).
Masdevallia
cinnamomea
Reichb.
f.
Bonpl. 3: 225. 1855;
Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 109. 1925.

tall (without the uppermost flower). Stem short, Leaf oblong-oblanceolate, minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse apex, gradually narrowed to a short or rather long petiole; lamina up to about 10 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, coriaceous with revolute margins. Peduncle including the rachis up to about 18 cm. long, ancipitous, loosely 2- to 3-flowered above. Flowers large. Sepals connate below into a short cup about Dorsal sepal narrowly triangular, gradually narrowed into a 6.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely slender tail, about 4-5 cm. long altogether. narrow-triangular, gradually caudate-attenuate above, nearly as long as the dorsal sepal. Petals very small, oblong, sharply acute or apiculate, with a longitudinal keel near the anterior margin. Lip the same size as the petals, about 4-5 mm. long, oblong-oblanceolate, lightly pandurate, with 2 short, slightly converging keels in the middle; the anterior part ovate or rhombic, acute or acuminate, serrulate, with a fleshy horseshoe-shaped swelling near the front, recurved at
Plant up to about 20 cm.
clothed with loose sheaths.
the apex.
s.n.
Masdevallia civilis Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 115. 1854; Hook. Bot. Mag. 90: t. 5476. 1864; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 2 (1891) t.; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 68. 1925.
Masdevallia aequiloba Regel, Gartenfl. 9: 82, t. 285. 1860. Masdevallia rufolutea Lindl. Gard. Chron. (1853) 292, 328 (nomen
nudum).
233
Plant densely caespitose, medium-sized. Stems rather short, rarely up to cm. high, clothed with sheaths below. Leaf linear or oblong-linear, minutely tridenticulate at the subacute apex, recurved, slightly narrowed below to a short, indistinct grooved petiole, longitudinally grooved, up to about 23 cm. long and 1.25 cm. wide, very fleshy. Peduncle 1-flowered, much shorter than the leaves, up to about 7.6 cm. long including the pedicel, pink below, green and maculate above. Sepals connate below into a broad urceolate cup which is about 2-2.5 cm. high, greenish yellow spotted with dark reddish brown, minutely white-hairy
7.5
within.
about
1.5
Sepals similar, ovate-triangular, terminating in flattened yellow tails cm. long, the lateral sepals a little shorter. Petals small, rhombic-
lanceolate, sharply acute, with unequal angled sides. Lip a little longer than the petals, about 1.5 cm. long, oblong, cordate at the base, with 2 indistinct keels
throughout, obtuse, papillose and recurved at the apex.

fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 134. 1921. Near Huancabamba, Warscewicz s.n. (type), Roezl s.n. Same locality, 2100-2500 meters, among grasses and small shrubs in loamy soil and on soil-covered rocks, Lehmann s.n.
Cajamarca,
Piura:
26. 1846;
Masdevallia coccinea Linden, ex Lindl. Orch. Linden. 5, no. Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 3 (1892) t.; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 27. 1925. Masdevallia Lindenii Andre", Illustr. Hort. 17: 226, t. 42. 1870; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 98: t. 5990.
1872.
Masdevallia Harryana Reichb. f. Card. Chron. (1871) 1421. Masdevallia venusta Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 62. 1921; Mansf.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

by sheaths.
57:
t.
109, nr. 426. 1929.
Plant forming large tufts. Stems short, rarely up to 6 cm. long, concealed Leaf spatulate to oblong-oblanceolate, minutely 3-denticulate at the subacute to rounded apex, more or less gradually narrowed below to a slender, grooved petiole, up to about 23 cm. long and 3.4 cm. wide. Peduncle much surpassing the leaf, up to about 40 cm. high, slender, terete, 1-flowered. Flower
and showy, very variable in size and color, scarlet to magenta. Sepals connate below into a cylindric-campanulate curved tube about 10-18 mm. long. Dorsal sepal narrowly triangular-lanceolate, gradually produced into a slender recurved tail about 3 cm. or more long, altogether up to 5 cm. long. Lateral sepals much larger and more deeply connate with each other than with the dorsal Petals very sepal, obliquely oblong-ovate, terminating in short blunt tails. small, narrowly oblong, retuse or bilobulate at the apex, with a longitudinal keel close to the anterior margin and a minute angle near the base. Lip similar to the
large
petals in size, oblong, more or less distinctly pandurate above the middle, rounded at the apex, bicarinate, about 1 cm. long.
Apurimac: Prov. of Andahuaylas, Quebrada, north of Chincheros, 2800 meters, sides of rocky cliffs, Stork & Horton 10767. Cajamarca: East of Huancabamba, 2400-2500 meters, on the
eastern side of the Cordillera, Weberbauer 6111 (type of Masdevallia venusta Schltr.). Also Colombia (type of M. coccinea, M. Lindenii
and M. Harryana).
234
30
6, t.
Masdevallia constricta Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 108 A. 1837; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 330. 1896; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 20. 1925.
Plant small, caespitose, about 13 cm. or
less high.
Stems very short and
Leaf gradually narrowed below slender, concealed by a rather large sheath. into a long grooved petiole; lamina narrowly elliptic-lanceolate to oblanceolate, minutely tridenticulate at the subacute apex, up to 10 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide.
Peduncle much shorter than the leaf, slender, 1-flowered, up to 7 cm. long. Flower Sepals connate below into an large for the plant, white with purple streaks. obovoid cup which is ventricose in front, constricted at the apex and about 1.6
cm. long. Dorsal sepal triangular or deltoid, contracted into an elongate, slender which is 2.5-3 cm. long. Lateral sepals somewhat shorter, with similar but Petals very small, narrowly and obliquely oblong-lanceolate, shorter tails. acute or obtuse, with a basal upcurved auricle or horn in front. Lip cuneatespatulate, acute, equally long with the petals, about 7 mm. long.
tail
Huanuco: Cuchero (Cochero), on old

Poeppig
s.n.
trees in
mountain woods,
Masdevallia Davisii Reichb. f. Card. Chron. n.s. 2: 710. 1874; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 101: t. 6190. 1875; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 3 (1892) t.; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 29. 1925.
Stems abbreviated, clothed with Plant densely caespitose, rather large. evanescent sheaths. Leaf oblong-oblanceolate, minutely tridenticulate at the acute apex, gradually narrowed below into an indistinct petiole, up to 20 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Peduncle much surpassing the leaves, up to about 25 cm.
high, 1-flowered, slender, terete. Flower large and showy, bright yellow. Sepals connate below into a narrow cylindric-campanulate tube which is about 1.3-1.7
is
cm. long. Dorsal sepal ovate-triangular, terminating in a slender tail which about 2.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals more deeply connate with each other than with the dorsal sepal, at least twice as large as the dorsal sepal, obliquely oblongovate, with short tails up to about 7 mm. long. Petals very small, oblong, bilobed and apiculate at the truncate apex, with a longitudinal keel near the anterior margin ending in a decurved angle near the base. Lip a little smaller than the petals, pandurate-oblong, 6-7 mm. long, obscurely bicarinate or tricarinate, with a sub truncate, apiculate, thickened and reflexed apex.
l
Apurimac: Abancay, Quishuala, about 300 meters, Balls 6905. Cuzco: Near the town of Cuzco, 3200 meters or more, in loam, moss, or decaying vegetable matter in rock crevices, Davis s.n. (type)
.
Masdevallia grandiflora C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

Univ. 15: 26,
short,
t.
Leafl.
Harvard
14. 1951.
Figure 38.
Plant small, caespitose, epiphytic, up to 10 cm. high. Stems approximate, about 1.8 cm. or less long, entirely or mostly concealed by 2 tubular, imis
1 This collection, which open to some question.
without color notes and
is
somewhat fragmentary,
is
MASDEVALLIA
arandiflora
C Schweinf,
plant;
6.
FIG. 38.
Masdevallia grandiflora C. Schweinf.
1,
X 1^.
2, flower,
partially expanded;
X IK-
3, petal;
X
235
6.
4, lip;
236
bricating sheaths.
30
Leaf petioled, about 6.9 cm. or less long; lamina linear or subacute and minutely tridenticulate at the apex, very gradually narrowed below, about 5.5 cm. long, up to 5.5 mm. wide; petiole slender, sulcate. Inflorescences solitary, 1-flowered, distinctly shorter than the leaf; peduncle Flower nodding, white, large for the plant. Sepals filiform, up to 5 cm. long. membranaceous, connate below into a campanulate tube 5-6.5 mm. long, longcaudate above. Dorsal sepal about 3.5 cm. or less long; basal portion concave, ovate, about 3 mm. long; tail or cauda filiform, elongate. Lateral sepals similar but a little longer; basal portion triangular-lanceolate, long-acuminate, gradually Petals very small, very obliquely passing into the tail, almost 9 mm. long. oblong-oblanceolate in outline, obliquely bilobulate at the abruptly truncate apex, the subquadrate upper portion with a short but prominent decurved tooth at its base on the anterior margin. Lip simple, oblong to oblanceolate-oblong, broadly obtuse, cordate at the base, about 3.8 mm. long.
elliptic-linear,
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, San Pedro to Santa Isabel, 1350

meters, on old tree trunk, Vargas 006778.
Masdevallia hymenantha Reichb. f. Bonpl. Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 171. 1925.
sheaths.
3: 225.
1855;
Plant medium-sized, densely caespitose. Stems short, densely clothed with Leaf spatulate, petioled, about 10 cm. long; lamina minutely tridenticulate at the rounded apex, gradually narrowed below into a long slender petiole, up to 5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Peduncle about as long as the leaf, 1-flowered, Flower medium-sized, membranaceous. Sepals connate below into slender. a campanulate cup about 1 cm. or more long. Dorsal sepal ovate- triangular, gradually contracted into a tail about three times longer or 2.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals more deeply connate with each other than with the dorsal sepal, oblongovate, much longer than the dorsal sepal but with shorter tails. Petals small, oblong or ligulate, bidentate or tridentate at the truncate apex, with a deflexed tooth at the base. Lip about as long as the petals, narrowly rhombic, cartilaginousthickened at the acuminate apex, about 8 mm. long.
s.n.
Masdevallia infracta Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 193. 1833; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 2 (1891) t.; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 327. 1896; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 111.
1925.
Masdevallia Forgetiana Kranzl. Gard. Chron.
ser.
3,
18:
484. 1895.
Plant medium-sized, epiphytic, caespitose, about 21 cm. high or less. Stems approximate, abbreviated, concealed by 1 or 2 evanescent, scarious sheaths. Leaf erect, gradually narrowed into a more or less distinct sulcate petiole, oblanceolate-oblong or obovate-oblong, subobtuse with a minutely tridenticulate apex, commonly 8-12.7 cm. long, up to 2 cm. wide. Inflorescence nearly twice as long
1 This description is largely drawn from Kranzlin's diagnosis (I.e.), as Reichenbach's description appears to be erroneous in view of a photograph of an isotype, and the series of floral analyses from his herbarium are contradictory.

as the leaf, rigidly erect,
237
commonly narrowly
bialate to triquetrous, 1- to 5-
flowered at the apex, with flowers approximate in an abbreviated raceme (one flower opening at a time), originating much below the apex of the stem, up to 20.3 cm. long. Flowers medium-sized, nodding, dull reddish with a yellow flush outside, wine-red inside. Sepals connate into a broadly campanulate cup about
1.3
cm. long.
Dorsal sepal
(free part)
about 5 cm. long; basal portion ovate-
triangular, abbreviated; tail or cauda filiform, yellow, about 3-4 cm. long. Lateral sepals connate for about 1.9 cm., abruptly gibbous with a re-entrant angle below;
4-5 cm. long with the basal portion very obliquely ovate-triangular and terminating in an abrupt filiform tail about 2-3.7 cm. long. Petals very small, linear, oblique at the apex, apiculate. Lip arcuate-decurved in natural position, linear-oblanceolate and slightly pandurate when expanded, about 6-8.5 mm. long, with the lateral margins above the middle inserted on the lamina and terminating as an abruptly truncate keel, and the anterior portion ovate and apiculate.
free part
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 2000 meters, on small tree on mountain slope covered by grass-steppe, Woytkowski 37010.
Also Brazil (type).
Masdevallia ionocharis Reichb.
f.
Gard. Chron.
n.s. 4:
t.;
388.
Kranzl.
Plant small, densely caespitose. Stems short, clothed with close sheaths. Leaf petioled, up to about 13 cm. long including the petiole; lamina narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, minutely tridenticulate at the acute apex, up to 1.3 cm. wide, gradually narrowed to a slender grooved petiole. Peduncle slightly shorter than the leaves, up to about 10 cm. high, 1-flowered, terete, slender. Flower mediumsized. Sepals connate below into a broadly campanulate cup about 1.3 cm. long, greenish white blotched with rose-purple; free portions triangular-ovate, abruptly terminating in slender tails about 1.5-1.9 cm. long. Petals very small, obliquely triangular-oblong, obliquely acute or apiculate, with a longitudinal keel near the anterior margin extending into a deflexed angle near the base. Lip slightly larger than the petals, about 8-10 mm. long, oblong-pandurate, subcordate at the base, mucronate at the rounded, reflexed apex; lamina with 2 longitudinal keels.
Puno: Prov.
Davis
s.n.
of
Carabaya, Sandia, in Andes at 2700-3000 meters,
Masdevallia longiflora Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 383. 1906; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 177. 1925. Barbosella longiflora Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 143. 1921.
Plant medium-sized. Rhizome obliquely creeping. Stems very short. Leaf oblanceolate-linear ("linear-lanceolate"), triapiculate at the acute apex, gradually narrowed below into an indistinct broad petiole, up to 14 cm. long and 8 mm.
wide, rather fleshy.
Peduncle
much
surpassing the leaves, up to 20 cm. high,
1 This concept, which we have not seen, is probably referable to the genus Pleurothallis in the alliance of P. monstrabilis Ames.
238
30
1-flowered. Flower large, without a definite sepaline cup. Dorsal sepal free to the base, linear, very acuminate, 5-5.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, connate up to the middle, then attenuate into narrowly linear tails. Petals less than half as long as the sepals, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, produced into a filiform Lip very small, about one seventh as long as the tail, with denticulate margins.
petals, oblong, retuse, 3
mm.
long, with a thick keel in the middle
on each side
near the margin.
Cajamarca: Prov. of Chota, mountains west of Huambos, 31003200 meters, in sclerophyllous woods with scattering shrubs, Weberbauer 4174-
Masdevallia maculata Kl.
&
Karst.
Otto
&
t.
Dietr.
Allg.
Gartenzeit. 15: 330. 1847; Fl. des Serres 21: 11,
Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia

Repert. Beih. 34: 118. 1925.
pt.
2 (1891)
t.;
2150. 1875; Kranzl. Fedde
Plant caespitose, rather large. Stems very short, clothed with loose sheaths. Leaf oblanceolate to narrowly spatulate, minutely tridenticulate at the acute or subacute apex, gradually narrowed below into a grooved petiole, up to 18 cm. long and 2.9 cm. wide, coriaceous. Peduncle commonly exceeding the leaves, up to about 25 cm. high, sharply 2- to 4-angled, at the summit producing several flowers one at a time. Flower large and showy with spreading segments, yellow shaded and spotted with red. Sepals connate below into a short urceolate cup which is up to 1.6 cm. long. Dorsal sepal about 6.5-8 cm. long, from a short triangular or ovate-triangular base gradually narrowed into a slender orange tail. Lateral sepals about as long, much more deeply connate with each other, forming a broadly ovate or oblong-ovate lamina which is bidentate above with the free portion narrowed into a pair of slender approximate tails which are somewhat shorter than that of the dorsal sepal. Petals very small, linear-oblong, oblique and apiculate at the apex, with a longitudinal keel near the anterior margin. Lip subequaling or slightly larger than the petals, up to 9 mm. long, pandurateoblong, denticulate at the rounded, papillose apex.
Chanchamayo Valley, 1600-1800 meters, Schunke s.n., 2040 (Herb. Field Mus. 571632, 622364). Also Venezuela (type)
Junin:
and Colombia.
Masdevallia melanopus Reichb.
1874 (nomen tantum); Masdevallia pt. 4 (1893)
n.s.
f.
Gard. Chron.
n.s. 1: 338.
2: 322. 1874;
Woolward, The Genus
t.; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 40. 1925. Masdevallia xanthodactyla 1 Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. n.s. 8: 552. 1877.
Plant densely caespitose, rather small. Stems abbreviated, clothed with one or more sheaths. Leaf oblong-spatulate, minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse apex, gradually narrowed below into a short slender petiole, about 4-12.5
1 In his monograph of Masdevallia (Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 41. 1925), Kranzlin refers this concept to M. melanopus Reichb. f., and, without seeing a record of its inclined to accept his opinion. type, I
am
239
cm. long, up to 1.5 cm. wide. Peduncle much exceeding the leaves, loosely secundFlowers small, flowered, 3- to 8-flowered, up to 25 cm. high, slender, terete. white with minute purple dots and dark purple stain at the base, and yellow
Sepals connate below into an ovoid-campanulate cup which is gibbous below and up to about 6 mm. long; free portions triangular, very short, abruptly terminating in flattened tails about 1.3 cm. long. Petals very small, cuneatespatulate, retuse-apiculate at the broad apex, with the upper margins denticulate, and with a longitudinal keel (angled at base) close to the anterior margin. Lip about the same size as the petals, pandurate-oblong, 3-4 mm. long, with the narrower anterior part bearing 2 longitudinal keels, rounded and more or less
tails.
apiculate at the apex.
Peru (north): Habitat not recorded, Roezl s.n. (type). Piura: Habitat not recorded, Lehmann 7012. Also Colombia and Ecuador.
Masdevallia minuta Lindl. Ann.

1843; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. Repert. Beih. 34: 104. 1925.
& Mag.
Nat. Hist. 12: 396.
3, pt. 4:
333. 1896; Kranzl.
Fedde
Plant densely caespitose, very small for the genus, up to about 10 cm. high. Stems minute, covered by a sheath. Leaf linear-oblanceolate or narrowly oblanceolate, minutely tridenticulate at the subacute or obtuse apex, gradually narrowed to a scarcely petioled base, coriaceous, up to 6.5 cm. long and 5 mm. wide. Peduncle generally much surpassing the leaves, up to about 11 cm. long to the base of the ovary, 1-flowered, filiform, terete. Flower small, erect, greenish white, greenish yellow or yellow, up to 1.5 cm. long. Sepals connate below into a campanulate-cylindric tube which is up to 7 mm. long; free portion somewhat longer than the tube, up to about 8 mm. long, short-triangular, more or less
abruptly contracted into short, stout, little-spreading tails. Petals very small, oblong, elliptic-oblong or spatulate-oblong, abruptly acute or obliquely 2- to 3-dentate at the apex, with a small protuberant angle on the lower half of the anterior margin. Lip as long as, or a little longer than, the petals, linear or linear-oblong, obtuse, cordate at the base, about 3.5-4 mm. long, with a pair of angled keels in the middle.
Junin:
Chanchamayo
Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke s.n.
East
meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 23910, 23954Rio Paucartambo near Perene Bridge, 700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Valley Killip & Smith 25320. San Ramon, 900-1300 meters, epiphyte in Smith 24760. San Martin: Zepelacio, near dry woods, Killip about 1100 meters, epiphyte in mountain forest, Moyobamba, Klug 3616. Also Surinam (type) and British Guiana.
of Quimiri Bridge, near
La Merced, 800-1300
&
Masdevallia nidifica Reichb. f. Otia Bot. Hamb. 1: 18. 1878; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 5 (1893) t.; Kranzl. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 34: 90. 1925. Masdevallia cyathogastra Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2: 383. 1918. Masdevallia tenuicauda Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 19: 15. 1923.
240
30
Plant dwarf, epiphytic, densely caespitose, up to about 7.5 cm. high. Stems abbreviated, clothed with 1 or 2 sheaths. Leaf up to 5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, spatulate or oblanceolate, minutely tridenticulate at the rounded to acute apex, long-narrowed below into a very slender grooved petiole. Peduncle subequaling the leaves or a little shorter, 1-flowered, filiform. Flower small, whitish, greenish
and nerves and long crimson or yellowish tails, rarely dark purple. Sepals connate below to form a very short inflated cup about 5 mm. long which is puberulent within. Dorsal sepal very short, suborbicular to ovate-triangular, concave, with an abrupt slender tail 1.5-4 cm. long.
or yellowish with crimson spots
tail. Petals minute, linear-oblong to oblanceoangled below in front, with a longitudinal keel near the anterior margin. Lip slightly exceeding the petals, pandurate, cordate at the base, obtuse to acute at the apex, with 3 longitudinal keels or lines, 3-4 mm. long.
Lateral sepals ovate, with a similar
late, acute,
34: 91. 1925.
Northern Peru?: Karsten? fide Kranzlin, Fedde Repert. Beih. Also Costa Rica (M. cyathogastra and M. tenuicauda), Colombia and Ecuador (type of M. nidified).
Masdevallia pandurilabia C. Schweinf. Bot. Harvard Univ. 10: 113, t. 12. 1942. Figure 39.
Stems rather
Mus.
Leafl.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to 20 cm. high in the dried specimen. Leaf long-petioled; lamina short, concealed by 3 loose sheaths. obovate, oblanceolate or elliptic, subacute to rounded above with a minutely tridenticulate apex, more or less long-narrowed below, up to 7 cm. long and 2.3 cm. wide; petiole slender, gradually dilated upward, up to 5 cm. long. Peduncle conspicuously surpassing the leaves, 1-flowered, slender, erect to arcuate or flexuous, up to 19 cm. long. Flower rather small for the genus, yellowish brown with a dark red lip. Sepals wide-spreading, with abrupt long tails, connate below into a very shallow cup about 5.5 mm. high which is pubescent within. Dorsal sepal suborbicular-ovate, abruptly contracted into a slender tail about 3.3 cm. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely semiorbicular-ovate. Petals very small, long. obliquely triangular-oblong, obliquely tridentate at the apex, produced at the base in front into a prominent, triangular, decurved lobule. Lip nearly as long as the petals, recurved, about 4 mm. long and ovate-pandurate when expanded, with the basal part obovate-rhombic and the anterior part obovate-cuneate, truncate
and apiculate
bride 3625.
in front.
Huanuco: Panao, about 2770 meters, on shrubby
slopes,
Mac-
Masdevallia perpusilla 1 Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 193. 1925.
abbreviated.
1: 179.
1905;
Plant very small, about 3.5 cm. high, densely caespitose. Stems much Leaf linear or oblanceolate-linear, gradually narrowed below, up to nearly 3 cm. long and 4 mm. wide, minutely bilobed and apiculate at the obtuse apex, thickly coriaceous. Peduncles very short, up to 8 mm. long, densely few-flowered, hidden among the leaves. Flowers successive, very small, purplish1
This species seems to be closely allied to Masdevallia Simula Reichb.
f.
MASDEVAULIA
FIG. 39.
from above, expanded; 5. 5, lip from side; X
Masdevallia pandurilabia C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X X 2. 3, column with foot, from side; X 5.

6, lip
1.
2,
flower
4, petal;
5.
from above, expanded;

241
5.
242
30
Dorsal sepal almost entirely free from the lateral sepals, about 3.5 mm. long, cucullate, acuminate, with an inflexed apex. Lateral sepals shorter, obliquely ovate, with a reflexed apex. Petals minute, obliquely rhombic, obtusely acute.
brown.
Lip about the same length as the petals, 1 mm. long, from a linear claw dilated into a 5-angled lamina which is obtuse-angled in front and reflexed at the apex, with a pair of retrorse, horn-like appendages at the back.
Cajamarca: Prov. of Chota, 3200 meters, on mountains west of Huambos, in rough thickets mingled with small trees, Weberbauer 4180. Junin: Prov. of Tarma, near La Merced, in the Chanchamayo Valley, 800-1000 meters, in open woods, Weberbauer 1015, or
1915, (type).
Masdevallia peruviana Rolfe,
Kew
Bull. (1906) 112.
Plant small, caespitose, up to about 12 cm. high. Stems abbreviated, concealed by loose sheaths. Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic-lanceolate or oblonglanceolate, up to 8 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide, minutely tridenticulate at the subacute or rounded apex, narrowed below; petiole grooved, up to 4 cm. long. Peduncle about as long as the leaf, subterete or rather complanate, 1- or 2-flowered Flower rather large for the plant, brown and purple. at the summit, erect. Sepals connate at the base into a short, broadly campanulate cup which is about 6-8 mm. long. Dorsal sepal small, triangular, narrowed into a slender tail up to 1.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals very obliquely and broadly ovate, connate for about Petals very small, linear1 cm., terminating in abrupt tails about 1 cm. long. oblong, retuse to bilobed at the truncate apex, longitudinally carinate near the anterior margin. Lip about the same size as the petals, 6 mm. long, pandurateoblong with the lower half lightly concave in natural position and bounded in front by a pair of converging keels in the middle; anterior portion ovate, obtuse to apiculate, papillose-thickened, with serrulate-crenate margins.
Peru: Habitat and collector
unknown
(type).
Huanuco: Pam-
payaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 306.
Masdevallia plantaginea (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 336. 1896; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 196. 1925. Specklinia plantaginea Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 51, t.
89a. 1836.
p. 82, no.
Pleurothallis plantaginea Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28: Misc.
103. 1842; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 41, no. 259. 1859. Humboldtia plantaginea 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668. 1891.
Plant dwarf, densely caespitose. Stems abbreviated, triquetrous, clothed Leaf linear-oblanceolate or linear-spatulate, minutely scarious sheath. tridenticulate at the subacute apex, gradually narrowed to a short petiole, up to 3.2 cm. long and 6 mm. wide, coriaceous. Peduncle slightly exceeding the leaf, up to 4 cm. long, 1-flowered, filiform. Flower small, erect, green with purple nerves, about 1 cm. long, membranaceous. Sepals connate below into a shallow cup about 3 mm. long; free portions equal, triangular-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, not caudate. Petals small, obliquely oblong, acute or obtuse, lightly dilated
by a

below.
243
Lip slightly longer than the petals, oblong-spatulate, rounded at the apex, about 3.5 mm. long, lightly recurved.
Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), on
trees,
Poeppig
s.n.
Masdevallia polysticta Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. n.s. 1: 338. 1874 (nomen nudum); n.s. 2: 290. 1874; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 104: t. 6368. 1878; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 3 (1892) t.; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 35. 1925.
Stems rather short, Plant densely caespitose, epiphytic, medium-sized. clothed with several loose sheaths. Leaf oblong-spatulate or oblanceolate, minutely tridenticulate at the rounded apex, narrowed below to a more or less distinct
up to about 15 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Peduncle much surpassing the leaves, up to about 25 cm. long, loosely 3- to 9-flowered, terete, with the rachis somewhat flexuous. Sepals connate at the base, forming a short shallow cup about 3 mm. or more long, white or pale lilac with numerous dark reddish or
sulcate petiole,
purplish spots, the inner surface beset with translucent white hairs. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, cucullate, with an abrupt slender tail about 1.9 cm. long. Lateral
sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, with reflexed margins, terminating in a similar tail. Petals very small, cuneate-spatulate, lightly retuse and strongly apiculate at the broad apex, denticulate on the upper margins, with a stout longitudinal
keel near the anterior margin. Lip as long as the petals, about 3 mm. long, pandurate-oblong, with the lateral lobules of the lower part terminating in longitudinal keels near its apex, the anterior portion being rounded in front.
Peru (north): Andes, habitat not recorded, Roezl s.n. (type). Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 134. 1921. Piura: Near Huancabamba, 2000-2500 meters, epiphyte, Lehmann s.n. Also Ecuador.
t.
Masdevallia pumila Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 6, 108 C. 1837; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 333. 1896; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 191. 1925.
Plant small, densely caespitose, up to about 11 cm. high. Stems short, triLeaf linear-spatulate or oblanceolate-linear, up to about 9 cm. long and 6 mm. wide, minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse or subacute apex, gradually narrowed below to a more or less distinct petiole, coriaceous, shining. Peduncles much shorter than the leaf, up to 3.5 cm. long, 1-flowered, filiform. Flower Sepals connate below into a short campanulate cup small, erect, snow-white.
quetrous.
mm. long; free parts subequal, triangular-lanceolate, gradually narrowed into subparallel fleshy tails, up to about 2.8 cm. long including the tails. Petals about as long as the sepaline cup, linear-ligulate, falcate, obtuse, somewhat
about 5
attenuate at both ends. Lip about equaling the petals, from a slender linear claw abruptly dilated into an ovate-oblong lamina which is rounded at the apex and deeply cordate at the base, about 5 mm. long.
Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero),

trees,
in
mountain woods, on old
Poeppig
s.n.
244
30 61.
Masdevallia purpurina Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 108, nr. 425. 1929. Plant terrestrial, erect, up to 22 cm. high. Stems much abbreviated,
cealed
con-
by a sheath. Leaf petioled; lamina oblong-ligulate, obtuse, gradually narrowed below, up to about 7 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide; petiole up to 5 cm. Peduncle commonly surpassing the leaf, up to 18 cm. long, 1-flowered, long.
very slender. Flower erect, purple, rather small for its alliance. Sepals connate at the base into a cylindric-campanulate tube about 7 mm. long. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, terminating in a subequally long filiform tail, about 2.5 cm. long
tail. Lateral sepals larger, falcate-oblong, rather abruptly terminating in short, slender, decurved tails about 8 mm. long. Petals very small, obliquely oblong, obtusely and asymmetrically acute or apiculate, with a longitudinal keel (close to the anterior margin) which is extended into a short decurved
including the
auricle near the base.
Lip a
little
smaller than the petals, oblanceolate-elliptic
or "linguiform," subacute, slightly thickened at the base, 4 mm. long.
smooth above, about
Cajamarca: Hacienda La Tahona near Hualgayoc, 3100 meters, Weberbauer 4016.
Masdevallia Schroederiana Hort. Sander ex Card. Chron. 1890 (nomen tantum); Journ. Hort. ser. 3, 21: 557, 74. 1890; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 9 (1896) t.; fig. Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 128: t. 7859. 1902; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih.
ser. 3, 8: 51.
34: 82. 1925.

Plant medium-sized, densely caespitose. Stems very short, concealed by brown sheaths. Leaf up to 15 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, oblanceolate, minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse apex, gradually narrowed below into a more or less distinct petiole. Inflorescences slightly exceeding the leaf, 1-flowered, with the peduncle up to 20.2 cm. long. Flower large for the plant. Sepals connate at the base into a narrowly urceolate cup about 2 cm. or more long. Dorsal sepal short, broadly triangular or ovate-triangular, rich orange-yellow with 2 dark crimson spots, abruptly terminating in an orange tail 5-7.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals more deeply connate with each other than with the dorsal sepal, obliquely triangularovate, about three times as long as the dorsal sepal, white on the inner half and violet to rose-crimson on each side, contracted into orange tails slightly shorter than that of the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, clawed, obliquely subrhombicoblong, obtuse and lobulate above. Lip slightly longer than the petals, pandurateoblong, obtuse at the recurved apex, cordate at the base, with 2 small longitudinal keels near the center, about 8 mm. long.
retuse
Peru: Habitat and collector not recorded. However, Maswhich is probably a smaller form of this species, comes from Colombia.
devallia fulvescens Rolfe,
1878; Woolward,
(1890)
Masdevallia splendida Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. n.s. 9: 493. The Genus Masdevallia, sub M. Veitchiana pt. 1
M. Barlaeana X M.
Veitchiana.
245
Peru: Habitat not recorded, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih.

9: 134. 1929.
Masdevallia uniflora Ruiz

ed. 1: 122,
t.
&
Pav.
Fl.
Peruv. et Chil. Prodr.

et Chil. 238. 1798;
27. 1794; Syst. Veg.
FL Peruv.
Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia

Repert. Beih. 34: 171. 1925.
pt. 5 (1893) t.; Kranzl.
Fedde
Plant densely caespitose, medium-sized. Stems up to 5 cm. or more long, clothed with sheaths. Leaf elliptic-spatulate to oblong-oblanceolate, prominently petioled; lamina up to 9 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide, minutely tridenticulate at the
subacute to rounded apex; petiole long, slender, grooved, up to about 14 cm. long. Peduncle much exceeding the leaves, 1-flowered, up to about 30 cm. long including the long pedicel of the flower, slender, terete. Sepals up to about 3 cm. long, connate below into a broadly campanulate cup which is up to 1.3 cm. high, white or pale rose with yellow at the base and with purplish or yellow tails. Dorsal sepal triangular or ovate-triangular, terminating subabruptly in a short tail about Lateral sepals oblong-ovate, with similar or slightly shorter tails. 1.1 cm. long. Petals very small, obliquely ligulate or oblong, broadly obtuse to 3-denticulate at the broad apex, at the base with a conspicuous deflexed tooth in front and a longitudinal keel close to the anterior margin. Lip about as large as, or slightly larger than, the petals, broadly oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, with undulate or lightly crenulate margins and a pair of more or less distinct elevated lines, about
7-9.6
mm.
long.
fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 134. 1921. Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Huassa-huassi, about 2900 meters, in rocky
Huanuco,
places,
altitude, Woytkowski 40. on dry plains with scattered shrubs, Palca, 3200-3500 meters, Weberbauer 2488. Also Ecuador.
Pawn s.n.
(type)
Same locality and
On mountains toward
Masdevallia Vargasii C. Schweinf. Am. Orch. Soc.

34,
t.,
Bull. 19:
1950.
Figure 40.
Plant epiphytic, caespitose, small. Stems very short, concealed by 3 imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, petioled, up to 8.9 cm. long; lamina oblanceolateoblong or elliptic-oblong, acute with a minutely tridenticulate apex, gradually narrowed below, up to about 7.5 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide. Peduncle exceeding
the leaves, about 13 cm. tall, 2-flowered at the apex, terete below, narrowly bialate above. Flower large for the plant, yellow. Sepals connate at the base forming a broadly campanulate cup 1.4 cm. or more high. Dorsal sepal triangular,
tail
concave, free part altogether about 3.2 cm. long, gradually merging into a slender about 2.2 cm. long. Lateral sepals much larger, obliquely ovate-triangular,
more deeply connate with one another than with the dorsal
sepal, gradually
produced into short tails. Petals much smaller, obliquely oblong-lanceolate, with an oblique, acute tip and a fleshy keel subparallel with the anterior margin. Lip larger than the petals, oblong-lanceolate, lightly pandurate below the middle, acute, bicarinate in the middle, cordate at the base, about 1.9 cm. long.
MASDEVALLIA
gcisii C. Schweinf.
FIG. 40.
open to show column;
Masdevallia Vargasii C. Schweinf. XI. 3, lip from above;
1,
2.
plant; X 1. 4, petal;
2,
flower broken
2.
246
247
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Sta. Isabel, Cosnipata, 1800 meters, Vargas 5528.
Masdevallia Veitchiana Reichb. f. Card. Chron. 1868: 814; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5739. 1868; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 1 (1890) t.; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 24. 1925.
Plant large and showy, caespitose. Stems rather short, concealed by 2 or 3 Leaf oblong-oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse or subacute apex, gradually narrowed below to a more or less distinct grooved petiole, up to about 25 cm. long and 2.5 cm. or more wide. Peduncle much surpassing the leaves, about 30-45 cm. high, terete, slender, usually 1Flower large and showy, within orange-scarlet flowered (rarely 2-flowered). beset with purple hairs, without pale yellow or whitish. Sepals connate below Dorsal sepal triinto a campanulate-cylindric cup up to about 3.2 cm. long. angular-ovate, lower portion about 2.5 cm. long, terminating rather abruptly in a Lateral sepals somewhat larger, slender tail which is about 2.5-6 cm. long.
sheaths.
obliquely oblong-ovate or triangular, tapering into slender, shorter tails. Petals relatively small, variable, narrowly oblong, obliquely acute, apiculate or tridenticulate, with a narrow longitudinal keel (close to the anterior margin) terminating
near the base in a decurved angle. Lip similar to the petals in size, very variable, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtusely acute, longitudinally bicarinate, with the abruptly reflexed apex papillose- thickened, about 1.3 cm. long.
crevices
Cuzco: Andes, habitat not recorded, 3400-4000 meters, in between rocks, Pearce s.n. (type). Summit of HuaynaPicchu, 2800 meters, exposed places among granite rocks in humus, West 6449. Prov. of Convencion, Machu-Picchu, 2400 meters, Vargas 612. Same locality, 2200 meters, on sunny banks of the ruin
walls, Stork, Horton,
Vargas 10510, Seibert 1897.

Schltr.
Masdevallia Weberbaueri
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
9: 62.

abbreviated, concealed
109, nr. 427. 1929.
Plant caespitose, small to medium-sized, up to about 25 cm. high. Stems by a sheath. Leaf oblong-oblanceolate or spatulatecuneate, minutely tridenticulate at the acute or subacute apex, gradually narrowed below into a more or less distinct, channelled petiole, up to about 14 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide. Peduncle conspicuously surpassing the leaves, up to 23 cm. long, angled, slender, stiff, with several congested, successive flowers at the summit. Flowers rather small, chestnut-brown with greenish yellow tails. Sepals connate below into a broadly campanulate tube about 8 mm. long. Dorsal sepal short, broadly triangular below and about 2.1 cm. long, produced into a slender Lateral sepals deeply connate below for about 1 cm., tail about 1.4 cm. long.
forming an ovate lamina; free portions obliquely triangular-ovate, tapering into a short broad tail about 4 mm. long. Petals very small, narrowly oblong, falcate, obliquely bilobed or bidentate at the apex, with a longitudinal keel close to the
anterior margin. Lip about as large as the petals, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed to an obtuse, prominently apiculate apex, with the recurved anterior margins
248
30
crenulate; lamina cordate at the base, with a pair of converging angled keels in the middle, papillose-thickened toward the apex, about 5.5 mm. long.
Cajamarca: Valley of the Rio Tabaconas, Weberbauer 6153.
900-950 meters,
LEPANTHES
Sw.
A rather small American genus extending from Mexico to Panama and the West Indies and south to Brazil and Bolivia.
Small or medium-sized plants, commonly epiphytic, caespitose or more rarely with a long, creeping rhizome. Stems very short to elongate, commonly slender, more or less entirely concealed by tubular-cylindric sheaths terminating in a more or less spreading, marginate mouth. Leaf solitary and terminal on each stem,
commonly erect, linear-lanceolate to orbicular. Racemes axillary, terminal, solitary or several, shorter or much longer than the leaf, 1- to many-flowered, distichously flowered, loose or dense. Flowers minute to medium-sized. Sepals
rarely fleshy, commonly spreading, all connate at the base (with the lateral ones often more deeply connate), usually subequal, ciliate or smooth on the margins. Petals much smaller than the sepals, usually adnate to the column, generally transversely bilobed, sometimes with appendages. Lip strongly adnate to the column, polymorphic, simple or more commonly 3-lobed with the unguiculate lateral lobes conspicuous and usually peltate, and the midlobe more or less minute. Column small, often slender, footless, wingless, commonly dilated above. Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent. Pollinia 2, ovoid,
ellipsoid or pyriform,
membranaceous or more
waxy.
times longer than broad, simple;
lip
Al. A2.
la.
Petals lobed
many
simple, not 2- or 3L. trachysepala
Petals broader than long (usually 3-lobed
much
so), transversely bilobed; lip 2- or I
of the petals with an elongate tooth or mucro; posterior lobule of L. mesochlora petals retuse and irregularly lobulate
Middle
Ib.
Middle of the petals without an elongate mucro; posterior lobule of the 1 petals not retuse or lobulate
Inflorescence loosely or very loosely flowered, with a fractiflex rachis,
la.
much
2
Ib.
surpassing the leaf Inflorescence densely or subdensely flowered (at least above), usually shorter than the leaf (rarely somewhat surpassing the leaf)
much
4
2a.
Stems abbreviated,
mm.
or less long; sepals about 11
mm.
lobe of the petals abbreviated

2b.
long; anterior L. Koehleri
Stems relatively elongate, 15 mm. or more long; sepals about 6 mm. or more long; anterior lobe of the petals little shorter than the posterior
lobe
3a.
3b.
Sheathed stems minutely muriculate; pedicellate ovary short, about equaling the subtending floral bract; lateral sepals distinctly ciliate. .L. alticola Sheathed stems prominently hispid; pedicellate ovary elongate, much surpassing the subtending bract; lateral sepals smooth on the margin but
.
cellular-papillose
on the outer
side
L. longipedicellata

4a.
249
4b.
5a.
5 Sepals aristate or abruptly caudate Sepals acute or long-acuminate, neither aristate nor abruptly caudate .... 6 Leaf up to 2.5 cm. long; dorsal sepal much larger than the lateral sepals; lobes of the petals and lip ciliate L. cassidea
5b.
Leaf 5.5 cm. or more long; dorsal sepal a little shorter than the lateral L. caudatisepala sepals; lobes of the petals and lip not ciliate
7 Sepals acuminate or long-acuminate 8 Sepals acute (rarely short-acuminate) Leaf ligulate, 5-7 cm. long including the petiole; sepals ciliolate .L.juninensis Leaf elliptic to broadly oval, 2.7 cm. or less long including the petiole; L. pubicaulis sepals not ciliate
6a.
6b.
7a.
7b.
8a.
Plant
tall,
sepal triangular-ovate,
8b.
stems 17 cm. or more high; leaf oblong-ovate, acuminate; dorsal little longer than broad L. minutipetala
Plant low, stems 7.6 cm. or less high; leaf ovate or suborbicular-ovate to 9 broadly oval, acute or obtuse
Sepals prominently ciliate; lobes of the petals relatively narrow Sepals smooth on the margin; lobes of the petals broad
.
9a.
L. tracheia L. pumila
9b.
Lepanthes
Univ. 10: 121,
t.
alticola C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard 16, figs. 5-9. 1942. Figure 45.
Plant small, delicate, caespitose. Stems filiform, up to 5 cm. high, entirely concealed by 4 or 5 close, tubular sheaths with minutely hispid nerves terminating Leaf small, oblanceolatein an infundibuliform, hispid, marginate mouth. elliptic to elliptic-obovate, acute and minutely tridenticulate at the apex, gradu-
narrowed to a slender petioled base, up to 3.9 cm. long and 9 mm. wide. commonly much longer than the leaf, loosely several- to many-flowered, diffuse or arcuate, up to 16 cm. long, with a strongly fractiflex Floral bracts originating below the pedicel, long-awned, surpassing the rachis. Flowers small, membranaceous, ringent, mostly pale yellow. Sepals pedicel. connate below. Dorsal sepal ovate, concave, about 7.5 mm. long, rather abruptly caudate above with the cauda 2.5-3 mm. long, 3-nerved with the nerves highcarinate without. Lateral sepals about equally long, connate for about half their length, each one obliquely lanceolate, long-acuminate or caudate, irregularly cellular-ciliate, 2-nerved with the inner nerve conspicuous and dorsally carinate. Petals much smaller than the sepals, adnate to the column near the base, transversely bilobed with the posterior lobule obliquely oblong-ovate and the anterior lobule oblong-lanceolate. Lip adnate to the column at about the middle, smaller than the petals, 3-lobed; lateral lobes obliquely triangular, peltate, about 2 mm.
ally
Inflorescences 1 or 2,
long; mid-lobe minute, triangular-linear.
Huanuco: Tambo de Vaca, about 4000 meters, Macbride 4461.
Lepanthes cassidea Reichb.

up
f.
Xen. Orch.
1: 146.
1856.
Plant small, caespitose. Stems very slender, spreading, more or less arcuate, to about 14 cm. long, concealed by 11-17 close, tubular-cylindric sheaths
Leaf elliptic-lanceolate terminating in a spreading aristate, ciliate mouth. ("cuneate lanceolate"), sharply tridentate at the acute apex, about 2.5 cm. long, Inflorescence apparently solitary, capillary, slightly surpassing violet beneath.
250
the
leaf;
30
Floral bracts
raceme short, densely about 12-flowered, with a fractiflex, arcuate rachis. much shorter than the pedicellate ovaries, aristate. Flowers red.
Sepals connate at the base. Dorsal sepal ovate, galeate, aristate. Lateral sepals Petals smaller than the smaller, connate below, prominently aristate. sepals, transversely and horizontally bilobed with the lobes obliquely triangular-
much
lanceolate or linear-triangular and ciliolate above. Lip adnate to the column near the middle and surrounding it below, 3-lobed; lateral lobes broadly dolabriform, peltate with a broad apex, ciliolate; mid-lobe very small, oblong or ligulate,
obtuse.
Column
slender.
"Peru"(?), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 138. 1921. Also Ecuador (type).
The description was compiled with the aid of a drawing of the type, from the Reichenbach Herbarium. Lepanthes caudatisepala C. Schweinf. Harvard Univ. 10: 123, t. 15. 1942. Figure 41.
Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
Plant large for the genus, up to nearly 42 cm. high, caespitose. Stems entirely concealed by numerous close sheaths, up to about 29.5 cm. high; sheaths tubularcylindric, glabrous, with longitudinal nerves terminating in a loose infundibuliform, long-acuminate and marginate mouth. Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic to oblong-elliptic, rather abruptly long-acuminate with a minutely tridentate apex, broadly cuneate below, up to 11.5 cm. long and 4.9 cm. wide, marginate and with 3 rather conspicuous nerves; petiole short, channelled, up to 1 cm. long. Inflorescences usually 1 or 2, filiform, arcuate, shorter than or subequaling the leaf, few- to many-flowered, densely flowered above, with a more or less fractiflex rachis, up to 11 cm. long. Flowers yellow, often with red petals and lip. Sepals
horizontally spreading, glabrous, membranaceous, connate below. Dorsal sepal ovate or oblong-ovate, abruptly caudate-acuminate, 3-nerved, the nerves carinate
mm. long. Lateral sepals very obliquely ovate, caudateacuminate, connate for about one third of their length, each one 2-nerved, slightly Petals much smaller, transverse, horizontally longer than the dorsal sepal.
without, up to 8.1
bilobed; posterior lobule obliquely obovate-subquadrate; anterior lobule obliquely triangular-lanceolate, slightly shorter and much narrower than the posterior lobule. Lip 3-lobed, adnate to about the middle of the column; lateral lobes
elliptic
peltate from a short subquadrate-cuneate claw, the flattened apex being oblongand 2-2.5 mm. long; mid-lobe minute, often sharply bidentate.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Tuncapata-Sta. Rita region, 2800
Huanuco: Muna, on trail meters, epiphyte in forest, Vargas 2645. to Tambo de Vaca, about 2460 meters, at the base of a tree, Macbride
4273 (type).
Schltr.
t.
Lepanthes juninensis
Fedde Repert. Beih.

112, no. 441. 1929.
9: 71. 1921;
Plant caespitose, epiphytic, 12-15 cm. tall. Stems entirely concealed by 7-8 tubular-cylindric sheaths which are minutely hispidulose on the longitudinal
FIG 41 from above;
C. Schweinf. 1, plant; Lepanthes caudatisepala X 10. 4, petal; X 5. 5. 3, lip from above;
X K-
2,
flower
251
252
30
nerves and terminate in an obliquely lanceolate, hispidulose mouth. Leaf erect, petioled; lamina ligulate, obtusely tridentate at the apex, gradually narrowed below, coriaceous, 4-6 cm. long, almost 1 cm. wide; petiole about 1 cm. long. Inflorescences 1-3, erect, equaling the leaf or a little shorter than the leaf, subdensely many-flowered above. Flowers medium-sized, membranaceous, successive. Dorsal sepal Sepals connate at the base, minutely ciliate throughout.
ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, 3-nerved, about 7.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals very obliquely lanceolate, acuminate, connate from the base almost to the middle, about as long as the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely bilobed with horizontal lobes, glabrous; lobes obliquely triangular or triangular-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, with the posterior lobe rather longer. Lip adnate to the column above the middle, deeply bipartite with falcate-lanceolate, subsessile, glabrous lobes which are carinate through the upper half and produced into oblong auricles at the base. Column slender, glabrous.
Junin:
2057.
I
On
the mountains west of Huacapistana, Weberbauer

this species.
Lepanthes Koehleri Schltr. Fedde Repert. 10: 386. 1912; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 58: t. 28, nr. 110. 1930.
Plant caespitose, epiphytic, erect-spreading, slender, up to about 11 cm. tall. short, up to about 9 mm. long, entirely concealed by 3 sheaths which are tubular-cylindric, close, minutely papillose on the longitudinal nerves, and
Stems very
abruptly dilated into an ovate, acuminate mouth which is also minutely papilloseLeaf elliptic or oblong-elliptic, minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse apex, ciliate. gradually subpetiolate-narrowed below, marginate, up to about 1.7 cm. long and 7 mm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, much surpassing the leaf, filiform, up to almost 12 cm. long, loosely several- to many-flowered above, with a fractiflex rachis. Flowers rather large, membranaceous, glabrous. Sepals connate below. Dorsal sepal triangular-ovate, long-caudate above, probably 3-nerved, about 1.1 cm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely triangular-lanceolate, connate through the lower third, long-caudate above, as long as the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely and horizontally bilobed; posterior lobe oblong and obtuse; anterior lobe abbreviated, obtusely dentiform. Lip adnate to the column, deeply bipartite, about 2 mm. long, with subsessile, obliquely triangular-lanceolate lobes which are auricled at the base and provided with a long longitudinal keel. Column slender, slightly dilated above.
of Sta. Teresa Hacienda, Kohler s.n.
Junin: Chanchamayo, Rio Blanco, 1400 meters, on coffee trees Also Bolivia probably.
This diagnosis was compiled with the aid of a photograph from the Schlechter Herbarium.
Lepanthes longipedicellata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.

Harvard Univ.
15: 79,
t.
Leafl.
21. 1951.
Figure 42.
Plant small, caespitose, up to 10.5 cm. tall. Stems slender, up to 7 cm. high, entirely concealed by several (up to 7) close, tubular, hispid sheaths which termi-
LEPANTHES
lonqipedicella'ta
FIG. 42.
Lepanthes longipedicellata C. Schweinf.
1,
plant;
1.
2, flower,
partially expanded;
5.
3, lip;
15.
4, petal;
15.
253
254
30
nate in an ovate, marginate, hispid mouth. Leaves solitary and erect at the apex of the stem, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, more or less acute with a minutely tridenticulate apex, cuneate-narrowed to a short petiole, up to 3.5 cm. long including the petiole and 1.3 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1-10, diffuse, generally distinctly surpassing the leaf at maturity, loosely several- (up to 12-) flowered, with a more or less fractiflex rachis; pedicels spreading-ascending, much surpassing the subFlowers very small, membranaceous, with widely spreading tending bract. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate with a caudate-acuminate, recurved apex, sepals. cucullate, the mid-nerve carinate without, about 6 mm. long when expanded. Lateral sepals narrowly triangular-lanceolate, gradually long-acuminate, shortly connate at the base, conspicuously long-papillose and unicarinate without, a little longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely bilobed, about 0.3 mm. long and 3.1 mm. wide, with the posterior lobe oblong-linear and the anterior lobe slightly smaller, triangular-linear. Lip very small, adnate to the column above the middle, 3-lobed, about 1.5 mm. long; lateral lobes dolabriform with a truncate base, a thickened outer margin and a slender incurved apex; mid-lobe minute, pubescent.
Puno: Prov.
cliffs,
of
Carabaya, below Ollachea, 2500 meters, below
Vargas 6939.
f.
Lepanthes mesochlora Reichb.
Xen. Orch.
1: 147.
1856.
Plant slender, variable, epiphytic, caespitose. Stems numerous, filiform, commonly 8-16 cm. long, entirely concealed by numerous close, tubular-cylindric, glabrous sheaths which terminate in a lanceolate-ovate, long-acuminate mouth. Leaf horizontal or reflexed at maturity, lanceolate or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate with a prominently tridentate apex, sometimes purplish beneath, Inflorescences 1 or 2, sessile or nearly so, up to 8.5 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide.
more
to
many
or less shorter than the leaf, sometimes with 2 remote dense clusters of few flowers. Flowers small, yellow, often with bright green petals and lip or
Sepals connate at the base, glabrous. Dorsal sepal ovate or oblong-ovate ("triangular"), acute, 3-nerved, about 3.8-4 mm. long. Lateral sepals a little shorter but much narrower, obliquely lanceolate-ovate, acute,
light red-purple.
connate through about two thirds of their length, 2-nerved. Petals transversely and horizontally bilobed with an elongate tooth or mucro between the lobules,
ciliolate; posterior lobule variable, subquadrate and broader above or below, with a broad, abruptly truncate apex which is retuse and irregularly lobulate (often one of the outer teeth elongate) anterior lobule a little shorter, triangular or narrowly triangular. Lip adnate to the column, deeply 3-lobed, shorter than
;
the sepals, ciliate; lateral lobes relatively large, "oblong," apparently peltate, with the outer surfaces about 2 mm. long; mid-lobe about half as long or less,
ligulate.
in rain-forest, "ceja
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, slopes of Pillahuata, 2900 meters, de la montana," Vargas 3670. Also Ecuador
This diagnosis was compiled with the aid of drawings of the type
(type).
from the Reichenbach Herbarium and from an Ecuadorian specimen
255
referred to this species, as well as the Peruvian collection which differs from the type in having somewhat broader leaves and sepals.
Lepanthes minutipetala
Harvard Univ.
15: 81,
t.
C.
Schweinf.
Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
22. 1951.
Figure 43.
Plant slender, apparently terrestrial and growing in thick moss. Stems caespitose, tall, slender to filiform, about 24 cm. or less high, rarely proliferating
at the apex, entirely concealed by numerous close, tubular, minutely scabrous sheaths which terminate in a spreading, ovate, marginate, hispid mouth. Leaf
solitary, erect or spreading, oblong-ovate, rather
abruptly acuminate to a
tri-
denticulate apex, cuneate-narrowed to a short petiole below, up to 4.6 cm. long including the petiole and 1.3 cm. wide. Inflorescences usually 2 or 3, racemose, densely 2- to several-flowered, equaling about half of the subtending leaf or less.
Flowers very small, glabrous, yellow. Sepals membranaceous, wide-spreading, deeply connate at the base. Dorsal sepal relatively large, triangular-ovate, acute or short-acuminate, 3-nerved, about 5 mm. long and nearly as wide at the base of the free part. Lateral sepals obliquely triangular-ovate, acute and short-apiculate, with the inner margins connate through the lower half, distinctly smaller (esPetals very small, transversely subpecially narrower) than the dorsal sepal. orbicular-oval, broadly rounded to subtruncate above. Lip 3-lobed, attached to about the middle of the column by the broad base of the lateral lobes; lateral lobes dolabriform-peltate with a linear-lanceolate, pubescent outer surface which is about 2 mm. long; mid-lobe minute, broadly rhombic-ovate, sharply bidentate, pubescent. Column slender, about 1.9 mm. long.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, "Cordillera de Tres Cruces," 3600 meters, in rain-forest, "ceja de la montana," Vargas 3637.
Lepanthes pubicaulis
Univ. 15:82,
erect-spreading,
t.
C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus.
Leafl.
Harvard
23. 1951.
Figure 44.
Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, about 8 cm. high. Stems very slender, up to 5.6 cm. long, entirely concealed by 6 to 8 close, tubular,
densely pilose sheaths which terminate in an ovate, spreading, marginate, pilose mouth. Leaf solitary, terminal, erect or erect-spreading, elliptic to oval, subacute
cuneate below and gradually narrowed to a short petiole, up to 2.7 cm. long including the petiole, and 1.5 cm. wide (commonly smaller). Inflorescences axillary, usually 3 or 4, rather densely 2- to 16-flowered above, commonly more or less shorter than the leaf but rarely exceeding the leaf, erect to arcuate, about 3 cm. or less long including the short, naked peduncle. Flowers small, membranaceous, reddish yellow. Sepals glabrous, connate below. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 3-nerved, about 7.4 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar to the dorsal sepal but a little shorter and narrower. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely bilobed with subequal, divergent lobes; posterior lobe narrowly lanceolate, gradually narrowed to an obtuse tip; anterior lobe about equally long but slightly broader. Lip small, adnate to the lower part of the column, broadly triangular-ovate in outline, prominently 3-lobed near the apex, truncate-cordate at the base, about 2.3 mm.
to obtuse at the minutely tridenticulate apex,
LEPANTHES
FIG. 43.
expanded;
petal;
Lepanthes minutipetala C. Schweinf. 1, plants; X Y^ 5. 3, lip and column, showing petals, natural position;
5, lip;
2, flower, 8. 4,
10.
10.
256
LEPANTHES
uhtcaulis
C,Sc
FIG. 44.
Lepanthes pubicaulis C. Schweinf.

3. 3, petal;
1,
expanded;
6.
4,
column and
257
lip,
plant; X 1M2, flower, three-quarters view; X
258
30
large, obliquely semiovate,
long from the center of the base to the tip of a lateral lobe; lateral lobes relatively incurved above; mid-lobe minute, triangular-ovate.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Cachubamba, Marcapata, 2800

meters, Vargas 3817.
Lepanthes pumila C. Schweinf.

Univ. 10: 125,
Stems
t.
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
16, figs. 1-4. 1942.
Figure 45.
Plant small, slender, epiphytic, caespitose, variable in size, up to 8 cm. highfiliform, spreading, up to 7.6 cm. long (commonly 6 cm. or less long), entirely concealed by 5 to 7 close, tubular-cylindric sheaths which are minutely hispidulose on the longitudinal nerves, terminating in an ovate, marginate, Leaf ovate to elliptic (rarely oval), acute to obtuse with bristly-ciliate mouth. a minutely tridenticulate apex, cuneate or rounded below with a very short petiole, up to 2.6 cm. long including the petiole, and 1.45 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 to several, very short, with the rachis reaching to about the middle of the leaf, densely 1- to 8-flowered above. Flowers small, membranaceous, glabrous, rose-red with a green apex or grass-green with a deep red lip and column. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, 3-nerved, about 4 mm. long. Lateral sepals shorter than the
dorsal sepal but slightly broader, very obliquely ovate, abruptly acute, 2-nerved, connate near the base. Petals smaller than the sepals, transversely and horizontally bilobed; posterior lobule obliquely ovate to suborbicular, broadly obtuse to
rounded; anterior lobule obliquely triangular-ovate, obtuse, about as long as the posterior lobule but narrower. Lip smaller than the petals, adnate to the column near the base, 3-lobed; lateral lobes relatively large, peltate, with a very oblique, triangular claw and a narrowly oblong-oblanceolate apex which is about 2 mm. long; mid-lobe much smaller, elliptic, deeply concave, finely pubescent without.
Column
arcuate.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 meters in open woods, Kittip & Smith 23151 (type). Same locality, in dense forest, Killip & Smith 22537.
Lepanthes tracheia Reichb.
f.
Flora 69: 557. 1886; C. Schweinf.

8.
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16:

Stems
1953.
Plant small or very small, epiphytic, caespitose, about 2.5-6.2 cm. high. short, filiform, about 1.2-4 cm. long, entirely concealed by about 2-7 close, tubular-cylindric sheaths which are minutely hispidulose on the nerves and terminate in an ovate, marginate, hispid mouth. Leaf elliptic-ovate to suborbicular-ovate, obtuse to subacute with a minutely tridenticulate apex, rounded to subcordate at the shortly petioled base, about 1.2-2.5 cm. long and 9-17 mm.
1, plant; X 1. 2, flower from Lepanthes pumila C. Schweinf. L. alticola C. Schweinf. 4, lip from above; X 10. 3, petal; X 10. 5, plant; X 1. 6, flower from above; X 4. 8, lateral lobe of lip 7, petal; X 10. from below and mid-lobe of lip from above, expanded; X 15. 9, lateral lobe and mid-lobe of lip from above, natural position; X 15.
FIG. 45.
above;
5.
259
260
wide.
30
above.
Inflorescences 1-3, shorter than the leaf, erect to arcuate, densely flowered Flowers very small, reddish wine-color. Sepals connate near the base,
altogether finely cellular-ciliate, membranaceous. Dorsal sepal ovate, abruptly Lateral sepals smaller than the dorsal acute, 3-nerved, about 4.4 mm. long. Petals much sepal, obliquely ovate, acute, connate near the base, 2-nerved.
narrower), transversely and horizontally oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute; anterior lobule much smaller, triangular or dentiform. Lip adnate to the lower part of the column, smaller than the petals, deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes relatively large, peltate with a short, cuneate-subsmaller than the sepals
(especially
bilobed, divaricate, pubescent
and
ciliate; posterior lobule
quadrate claw, the flat outer surfaces being linear-lanceolate, 1.9 mm. long; mid-lobe minute, ligulate, ciliate.
ciliolate
and about
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, San Pedro to Sta. Isabel, 1350 meters, Vargas 006783. Also Colombia (type). The Peruvian representative of this species is vegetatively small and the leaves appear to be more or less cordate in the dried specimen. The diagnosis was made from drawings of L. tracheia from the Reichenbach Herbarium supplemented by the Peruvian collection
referred to this concept.
Lepanthes trachysepala
Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih.

t.
7: 100.
34,
8.
nr.
130.
1929; C.
Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16:
1953.
Plant medium-sized, epiphytic, erect or suberect, 20-25 cm. high. Stem caespitose, rather slender, 5-13.5 cm. long, entirely concealed by several evanescent, close, tubular sheaths which are densely short-pubescent and terminate an acuminate, flaring, hispid mouth. Leaf erect or spreading, elliptic-oblong or "oblong," acute or "obtuse," cuneate to a very short petiole, 2.5-4.9 cm. long,
in
Inflorescences solitary (sometimes with the remnant of an old one), surpassing the leaf, sublaxly 8- to 12-flowered above with a nodding rachis, about 13 cm. long. Flowers rather fleshy, papillose- verru cose without, red with
1
cm. wide.
much
yellow spots or "pale brown." Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, acute or "subacute," deeply concave, 7-9 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely and narrowly lanceolate, acute to long-acuminate, 1-nerved, longitudinally concave, connate near the base, about as long as the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely and narrowly linear, acute, 1-nerved, distinctly shorter than the sepals. Lip erect and parallel to the column in natural position, adnate to the column at the base, shortly clawed; lamina
convex-reduplicate in natural position, when expanded triangular-ovate, lightly contracted in the middle of each side, papillose-ciliolate except below, about 4 mm. long, with a high, fleshy, irregular-margined keel in the middle. Column
long and slender, subterete, slightly shorter than the
lip.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, near Wenner Gren ruins, 3400-3600

meters, in dense, dark, wet forest with 30769. Also Colombia (type).
much
fog and rain, Metcalf
The Peruvian specimen

leaf
of this species has a longer stem, longer
and rather larger flowers than the type.
Publication 837

Orchids of Peru

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Photograph by Louis O. Williams

MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-10546

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS

FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 30, NUMBER 1

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

Ames Orchid Herbarium

FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 30, NUMBER 1

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

PRINTED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF

The Frederick R. and Abby K. Babcock Fund

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-105^6

222 223 224 248

Stenoptera laxiflora Stenoptera montana

120 123 133

Erythrodes marmorata, E. lobatocalcar Erythrodes multifoliata Erythrodes querceticola

23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

Stelis ascensor Stelis

Stelis concaviflora, S. Stelis curvicarina Stelis diffusa, S.

35. 36. 37.

Lepanthes longipedicellata Lepanthes minutipetala Lepanthes pubicaulis

Hist., Bot. Ser., 13, pt. 1: 13-81. 1936).

Since the last part of the eighteenth century,

when Ruiz and

Pavon published the

results of their explorations (in Florae Peru-

Chilensis Prodromus, 1794-1802, and et Chilensis, 1798), there

monumental work appeared.

published from time to time

species, including orchids, were together with those of neighboring

an old resident of Peru, Carlos Schunke.

northwestern part of the

in the west-central portion.

to the Brazilian border and thence to

the eastern Cordillera of the Andes.

and A. C. Smith, made a very rich

BONGARA . MOYOBAMBA CHACHAPOYAS

6 SAN MARTIN 7 LIBERTAD 8 LORE TO 9 HUANUCO

AYACUCHO APURIMAC CUZCO MADRE DE DIOS

VANAHUANCA LA MERCED tSAN RAMON " CHANCHAMAYO HUACAPISTANA TARMA HUASSA-HUASSI

FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME

most extensive botanical explorations was the

for this undertaking,

of those species in the life-zones outlined

Chicago Natural History Museum).

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU

for the consideration of

we have not deemed

has been our intention

single exception to this practice occurs

FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME

synonyms names that have been associated with Peru, as well

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU

we have recorded about 120 genera and 900

KEY TO GENERA OF PERUVIAN ORCHIDS

Flower with two

stamens, one on either side of the column;

pollen not united into masses or forming bodies.

Single Peruvian genus,

normally always terminal

cauline, few or several, blades without long sheaths

Inflorescences terminal; peduncle not ancipitous