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Introduction

There are few studies with Orchidaceae for the state of Santa Catarina (Favretto & Geuster 2011, Reis et al. 2011, Siqueira, Zanin & Menini Neto 2014), and the most important research, conducted between 40 and 60 years ago, focused on the capital Florianopolis and its surroundings (Rohr 1951, Pabst 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1956, 1957, 1959, Klein, Bresolin & Reis 1977/1978). A vegetation inventory of the Itajaí Valley, including 200 orchid species, was published by Klein (1979). Two lists of 99 species of Orchidaceae were previously prepared as a result of fieldwork carried out between November 2009 and October 2013 in the Municipality of Benedito Novo (Caetano & Guimarães 2013; Caetano et al. 2013). Expeditions between January 2014 and September 2016 revealed additional new records for the region, which are included in the present, The updated checklist presented here includes those species, as well as numerous nomenclatural emends.

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is one of the largest tropical forests in the Americas, and its high levels of species richness and endemic taxa renders it one of the 34 global biodiversity hotspots (Myers et al. 2000, Mittermeier et al. 2004). Nevertheless, these forests and species are under intense pressure due to the deforestation suffered in the past.(Myers et al. 2000, Mittermeier et al. 2004). Currently, only about 11% of the total forest cover is considered to be the original native vegetation (Ribeiro et al. 2009), distributed in small forest fragments. The state of Santa Catarina is fully inserted in the Atlantic Forest biome and currently 23.04% (about 22,100 km²) remain as total forest remnants of Brazilian Atlantic Forest in Santa Catarina (Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica & INPE 2011).

Over 20,000 species of vascular plants were estimated for the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Myers et al. 2000), of which 8,000(40%) are endemic to this phytogeographical domain. According to Stehmann et al. (2009), Orchidaceae is one of the most diverse families in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, represented by more than 1,500 species (BFG 2015).

This study aims to present a current inventory of the species of Orchidaceae that occur in the Municipality of Benedito Novo, by including all the most recent findings and the most current taxonomic information. This inventory hopes to contribute to the knowledge of the flora of the Itajaí Valley, and the state of Santa Catarina.

Material and methods

The Municipality of Benedito Novo, with an area of 385,402 km², is situated in the Itajaí Valley, region of Blumenau, in Eastern state of Santa Catarina (26º46’58” S, 49º21’50” W) (Fig. 1). It has 66.13% of natural forest, 23.39% of rural areas, 8.96% of reforested vegetation, and the urban setting occupies an area of only 1.28% of the total municipal territory (Fig. 2A). A region well preserved of native forest is the “Campo do Zinco” Farm, where is located the Zinco River, the “Salto do Zinco” Waterfall (76 m) and many riparian forests (Figs. 2B-D). The climate is oceanic with temperate summer and no dry season (Alvares et al. 2013; type Cfb according to Köppen 1936). The average annual precipitation is 1,561 mm and the average annual temperature is 20.3°C (Climate-Data.org 2016).

The present study is an updated checklist, based on several field surveys made between November 2009 and October 2013 (whose species list were published in Caetano & Guimarães 2013 and Caetano et al. 2013), plus the excursions carried between January 2014 and September 2016. As in the previous list of 2013, field trips were made mainly at strategic points of the municipality (e.g. riparian forests and top of hills), following the method of active search (for details see Filgueiras et al. 1994). The samples were submitted to the usual taxonomic procedures (Mori et al. 1985) and then deposited in the herbarium of the Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB). To update this checklist, we have also reviewed the specimens from the following herbaria: CGMS, FLOR, FUEL, HB, HUCS, ICN, R, RB and UPCB (acronyms according to Thiers 2016). The circumscription of the genera and species followed BFG (2015) and Flora do Brasil 2020 (2016), except for the subtribes Goodyerinae and Maxillariinae, which are according to Chase et al. (2015). For the subtribe Pleurothallidinae, we followed Flora do Brasil 2020 (2016), but we updated some nomenclatural novelties according to the most recent works, which are indicated in brackets in the Checklist below. Each accepted taxon name is presented in bold with author(s) followed by full citation. If there is a basionym, it is mentioned just after the correct name followed by most popular used homotypic and heterotypic synonym(s) and respective authors (Govaerts et al. 2015). Endemic species to Brazil are indicated with an asterisk (*) and endangered species in category “Vulnerable” are indicated with [VU].

Results

In the Municipality of Benedito Novo, there are 184 species belonging to 66 genera of Orchidaceae. Of these, 160 (86.9%) are epiphytes, 20 (10.9%) terrestrial, and 4 (2.2%) rupicolous, occurring in several phytophysiognomies. The genus with the highest number of taxa is Acianthera Scheidw. (18 species), followed by Pabstiella Brieger & Senghas (14), Epidendrum L., Gomesa R.Br., and Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. (13 each). In contrast, 37 genera were represented by a single species. Aside from this, we collected three species not previously referred to the state of Santa Catarina. These species were treated in more detail in Guimarães et al. (2016).

The species were collected mainly in two areas of the municipality. The first along the Benedito River, near the center of the city, the second on the “Campo de Zinco” Farm (Fig. 3).

Eighty-six species recorded for the Municipality of Benedito Novo are endemic to Brazil, and also considered endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, according to BFG (2015). Among the species found in the area, two are found only in the South Region of Brazil (includes states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul), viz., Aciantheraalborosea (Kraenzl.) Luer and Pabstiellamatinhensis (Hoehne) Luer.

Seven species recorded in the Municipality of Benedito Novo are cited as endangered in category “Vulnerable” (VU) by Menini Neto et al. (2013), mainly caused by habitat loss or destruction. They are: Cattleya guttata Lindl., Cattleya intermedia Graham, Dryadella lilliputiana (Cogn.) Luer, Grandiphyllum divaricatum (Lindl.) Docha Neto, Grandiphyllum hians (Lindl.) Docha Neto, Grobya fascifera Rchb.f. and Pabstiella carinifera (Barb.Rodr.) Luer.

Discussion

A total of 59 new records of Orchidaceae were added to a previous checklist for the Itajaí Valley elaborated by Klein (1979), which cited a total of 274 species. However, 50 species of Orchidaceae listed in that work are synonyms according to the current nomenclature of Flora do Brasil 2020 (2016); therefore, the number of species of orchids cited for Itajaí Valley is 224, 40 more than was found in Benedito Novo. This study comprises about 35% of species and 60% of the genera cited by Flora do Brasil 2020 (2016) for the state of Santa Catarina. With about 11% of its original area, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is currently distributed in scanty fragments that hardly exceed 100 ha (Ranta et al. 1998, Ribeiro et al. 2009). In the state of Santa Catarina, more than 80% of the remnants of this domain have less than 50 ha (Vibrans et al. 2012). We registered almost 200 species of orchids in ca. 38,540 ha, showing the importance of the conservation of this area.

The main areas of species collected are concentrated along the Benedito River and at the “Campo de Zinco” Farm (Fig. 3). The most probable explanation for this high number of species is that they are preserved areas of the municipality, i.e. the riparian forest of the river and the private property of the farm, which contains a fragment of Atlantic Forest and the collection of specimens is only carried out with prior authorization of the owner. This hypothesis justifies the conservation of the Orchidaceae in the Municipality of Benedito Novo.

Seven species found in Benedito Novo are threatened, mainly due to the loss or destruction of the habitat. Moreover, all of them are included in official red list of threatened species of Brazilian states. Cattleyaguttata and C.intermedia are classified as “Vulnerable” (VU) in Espírito Santo (Kollmann et al. 2007) and Rio Grande do Sul (Rio Grande do Sul 2002), respectively; and Pabstiellacarinifera is treated as “Endangered” (EN) in Paraná (Hatschbach & Ziller 1995). Dryadellalilliputiana, Grandiphyllum divaricatum, Grobya hians and G. fascifera were considered probably extinct (EX) in São Paulo by Mamede et al. (2007); fortunately, we found specimens of these species in Benedito Novo and thus apply conservation actions. In the state of Santa Catarina, no list of threatened plant species was published until now. These facts reinforce the great value of the Municipality of Benedito Novo for the conservation of Orchidaceae.

A comparison of the number of species of Orchidaceae occurring in Benedito Novo with 13 other areas of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Table 1), shows that the Municipality of Benedito Novo, Cantareira State Park and Ilha do Cardoso State Park have the highest number of species (184, 159 and 147, respectively), followed by the Fontes do Ipiranga State Park and Serra do Japi (125 each). Among the areas analysed, the Cantareira State Park presents the largest number of species in common with the Municipality of Benedito Novo (76), followed by the Ilha do Cardoso State Park (60). Thus, the Municipality of Benedito Novo is one of the richest areas studied so far, and this high richness of Orchidaceae in the municipality is an important factor to make efforts for its conservation and expansion of biological research and other studies for the area.

The great concentration of species registered here, in the total area of the Municipality of Benedito Novo, is compatible with the number of taxa found in other regions of the Atlantic Forest (Stehmann et al. 2009, BFG 2015). Although Orchidaceae is one of the largest and most important families of flowering plants, the field inventory of this family in the state of Santa Catarina has not been published (Nascimento et al., in prep.). This study contributes to the knowledge of the floristic diversity in the state and highlights the richness of the family, which has great appeal for conservation. Furthermore, it encourages researchers to carry out similar studies in the Municipality of Benedito Novo with other families of embryophytes (bryophytes and vascular plants).

Check List

Acianthera Schweid.

Aciantheraalborosea (Kraenzl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 253. 2004 (Fig. 4).*Octomeriaalborosea Kraenzl., Ark. Bot. 16(8): 16. 1921.

Pleurothallisalborosea (Kraenzl.) Brade,

Rodriguésia 1(2): 47. 1935.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

Voucher: Schmitt et al. 1801 (FURB).

Aciantheraaphthosa (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 242. 2001 (Fig. 4) Pleurothallisaphthosa Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 42. 1838.

Speckliniaaphthosa (Lindl.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 10: 109. 1984. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 190 (spirit, FURB).

Aciantheraauriculata (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 242. 2001.

Pleurothallisauriculata Lindl., Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 356. 1837.

Humboltiaauriculata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 667. 1891.

Speckliniaauriculata (Lindl.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 10: 109. 1984.

Arthrosiaauriculata (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 248. 2006. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 12 (FURB).

Aciantherabragae (Ruschi) F.Barros, Hoehnea 30(3): 183. 2003 (Fig. 4).*

Physosiphonbragae Ruschi, Bol. Mus. Biol. Prof. Mello-Leitão, Sér. Bot. 27: 1. 1970.

Physosiphonpubescens Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 27. 1877.

Phloeophilapubescens (Barb.Rodr.) Garay, Orquideología 9(2): 118. 1974. Sarracenellapubescens (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Selbyana 5(3-4): 388. 1981.

Pleurothallissarracenia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 73. 1986. Aciantherasarracenia (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 246. 2001. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36259).

Aciantheracalopedilon Toscano & Luer, Lankesteriana 15(1): 79. 2015 (Fig. 4). Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 31 (FURB).

Aciantheracrepiniana (Cogn.) Chiron & Van den Berg, Richardiana 12(2): 73. 2012.*Pleurothalliscrepiniana Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 542. 1896.

Pleurobotryumcrepinianum (Cogn.) Hoehne, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 12(2): 28. 1936. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37348).

Aciantheraexarticulata (Barb.Rodr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 243. 2001.*Pleurothallisexarticulata Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 27. 1881.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 185 (spirit, FURB).

Aciantheraglanduligera (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 253. 2004.*Pleurothallisglanduligera Lindl., Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 355. 1837.

Humboltiaglanduligera (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 667. 1891.

Pleurothalliscryptoceras Rchb.f., Flora 69: 554. 1886.

Aciantheracryptoceras (Rchb.f.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 30(3): 185. 2003.

Pleurothalliscearensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 271. 1921.

Aciantheracearensis (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 242. 2001.

Pleurothallisiguapensis Schltr., Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan, Secç. Bot. 1(4): 48. 1922. Anathallisiguapensis (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 249. 2001. Aciantheraiguapensis (Schltr.) F.Barros, Orchid Memories: 10. 2004.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36290).

Aciantherahygrophila (Barb.Rodr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 244. 2001.

Pleurothallishygrophila Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 7. 1877.

Speckliniahygrophila (Barb.Rodr.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 10: 110. 1984.

Stelishygrophila (Barb.Rodr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 263. 2001.

Arthrosiahygrophila (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 249. 2006.

Pleurothallisbarbacenensis Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 11. 1881.

Aciantherabarbacenensis (Barb.Rodr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 242. 2001. Speckliniabarbacenensis (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259. 2004. Arthrosiabarbacenensis (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 248. 2006.

Pleurothallisplatysemos Rchb.f., Flora 69: 555. 1886. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior. VOuChers: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36286); Schmitt et al. 499 (FURB).

Aciantheraluteola (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 244. 2001 (Fig. 4).*Pleurothallisluteola Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 27(Misc.): 1. 1841.

Specklinialuteola (Lindl.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 10: 110. 1984. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior. VOuChers: Klein & Bresolin 10891 (FLOR); Caetano s.n. (FURB 37779).

Aciantheramacropoda (Barb.Rodr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 244. 2001.*Pleurothallismacropoda Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 25. 1881.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano 192 (spirit, FURB).

Aciantheranemorosa (Barb.Rodr.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 30(3): 186. 2003.*

Pleurothallisnemorosa Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 11. 1877.

PleurothallisfarinosaPabst, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 14: 10. 1956.

Aciantherafarinosa (Pabst) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 253. 2004. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 59 (FURB).

Aciantheraoligantha (Barb.Rodr.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 30(3): 186. 2003.*

Pleurothallisoligantha Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 33. 1881.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36260). Aciantherapubescens (Lindl.) Pridgeon &

M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 245. 2001 (Fig. 4).

Pleurothallispubescens Lindl., Companion Bot. Mag. 2(24): 355. 1837.

Humboltiapubescens (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891.

Pleurothallissmithiana Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 29(Misc.): 57. 1843.

Humboltiasmithiana (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891.

Pleurothallisriograndensis Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 28. 1881.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior, riparian forest.

VOuChers: Caetano 188 (spirit, FURB); Caetano 218 (spirit, FURB).

Aciantherapunctatiflora (Luer) Pridgeon &

M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 246. 2001 (Fig. 4).*Pleurothallispunctatiflora Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 16. 1986.

Cryptophoranthuspunctatus Barb.Rodr., Rev. Engenh. 3: 9. 1881; Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 80. 1881. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior

(riparian forest).

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 38093).

Aciantherasaundersiana (Rchb.f.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 246. 2001 (Fig. 4).

Pleurothallissaundersiana Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1866: 74. 1866.

Speckliniasaundersiana (Rchb.f.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 10: 110. 1984.

Pleurothallisbutantanensis Hoehne & Schltr., Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 209. 1926.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano & Raddatz 69 (FURB).

Aciantherasaurocephala (G.Lodd.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 246. 2001 (Fig. 4).*Pleurothallissaurocephala G.Lodd., Bot. Cab. 16: t. 1571. 1830.

Humboltiasaurocephala (G.Lodd.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano 56 (FURB). Aciantherasonderiana (Rchb.f.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 246. 2001.

Pleurothallissonderiana Rchb.f., Linnaea 22: 830. 1850.

Humboltiasonderiana (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891.

Speckliniasonderiana (Rchb.f.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 10: 110. 1984. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior. VOuChers: Caetano s.n. (FURB 40577); Schmitt et al. 1738 (FURB); Korte & Kniess 2079 (FURB).

Anathallis Barb.Rodr.

Anathallis heterophylla Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 74. 1881. [Toscano de Brito & Luer 2015] (Fig. 4).*

Pleurothallisheterophylla (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 556. 1896. Speckliniaheterophylla (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261. 2004.

Pleurothallisliparanges Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 23: 532. 1885.

Specklinialiparanges (Rchb.f.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261. 2004.

Anathallisliparanges (Rchb.f.) Luer, Novon 18(1): 78. 2008. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (urban area), forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano & Almeida 199 (spirit, FURB); Caetano 211 (spirit, FURB). Anathallislinearifolia (Cogn.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 249. 2001 (Fig. 4).

Pleurothallislinearifolia Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 573. 1896.

Specklinialinearifolia (Cogn.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261. 2004.

Pleurothallisdepauperata Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 574. 1896.

Speckliniadepauperata (Cogn.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 10: 109. 1984.

Pleurothallisglossochila Kraenzl., Ark. Bot. 16(8): 14. 1921. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. VOuChers: Bresolin 664 (FLOR); Caetano 51 (FURB).

Anathallisobovata (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 250. 2001 (Fig. 4).

Specklinia obovata Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): 86. 1839.

Pleurothallisobovata (Lindl.) Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 28(Misc.): 75. 1842.

Pleurothallisminutiflora Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 564. 1896, nom. illeg.

Pleurothallismodestiflora Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 35: 56. 1925.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 77 (FURB).

Aspidogyne Garay

Aspidogynerosea (Lindl.) Meneguzzo, Orquidário 26(3): 90. 2012.

Physurusroseus Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 501. 1840.

Microchilusroseus (Lindl.) D.Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 166. 1852.

Erythrodesrosea (Lindl.) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 75. 1922.

Ligeophilarosea (Lindl.) Garay, Bradea 2(28): 195. 1977.

Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; forest edge.

Voucher: Caetano 76 (FURB).

Aspidogyneschlechteriana (Hoehne) Meneguzzo, Orquidário 26(3): 90. 2012.*

Physurusschlechterianus Hoehne, Fl. Brasilica 12(2): 354. 1945.

Erythrodesschlechteriana (Hoehne) Pabst, Sellowia 7: 176. 1956.

Platythelysschlechteriana (Hoehne) Garay, Bradea 2(28): 198. 1977. Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano et al. 47 (FURB).

BarBosella Schltr.

Barbosellacogniauxiana (Speg. & Kraenzl.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 260. 1918.

Restrepiacogniauxiana Speg. & Kraenzl., Orchis 2:

127. 1908 (Fig. 4).

Barbosellaporschii (Kraenzl.) Schltr., Repert. Spec.

Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 263. 1918.

Restrepiaporschii Kraenzl., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.

Acad. Handl., n.s. 46(10): 51. 1911. Barbosellahandroi Hoehne, Bol. Agric. (São Paulo) 34: 613. 1934 (“1933”). Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 38277).

Barbosellagardneri (Lindl.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 261. 1918 (Fig. 4).*Pleurothallisgardneri Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg.

28(Misc.): 83. 1842.

Restrepiagardneri (Lindl.) Benth. in Benth. & Hook., Gen. Pl. 3(2): 491. 1883.

Humboltiagardneri (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.

2: 667. 1891.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest edge.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37329).

Barbosellamiersii (Lindl.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 262. 1918.*

Pleurothallismiersii Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg.

28(Misc.): 84. 1842.

Restrepiamiersii (Lindl.) Rchb.f. in Wawra, Bot.

Ergebn.: 150. 1866.

Humboltiamiersii (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:

668. 1891.

Barbrodriamiersii (Lindl.) Luer, Selbyana 5(3-4):

386. 1981.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest, forest interior.

VOuChers: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37334); Schmitt et al. 1749 (FURB).

Bifrenaria Lindl.

Bifrenariaaureofulva (Hook.) Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 29(Misc.): 52. 1843 (Fig. 4).*Maxillariaaureofulva Hook., Bot. Mag. 65: t.

3629. 1838.

Stenocoryneaureofulva (Hook.) Kraenzl. in Rchb.f.. Xenia Orchid. 3: 142. 1896.

Epidendrumsecundum Vell., Fl. Flumin. Icon. 9: t. 9. 1831 (“1827”), nom. illeg.

Stenocorynesecunda (Vell.) Hoehne, Arq. Bot.

Estado São Paulo n.s. 2(1): 13. 1944. Bifrenariasecunda (Vell.) Pabst, Orquídea (Rio de Janeiro) 29(4): 165. 1967.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest edge, forest interior.

VOuChers: Klein & Bresolin 10890 (FLOR); Caetano s.n. (FURB 37346); Schmitt et al. 1809 (FURB).

Bifrenariaharrisoniae (Hook.) Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 217. 1855 (Fig. 4).*

Dendrobiumharrisoniae Hook., Exot. Fl. 2(14): t.

120. 1824.

Maxillariaharrisoniae (Hook.) Lindl., Bot. Reg.

11: t. 897. 1825.

Colaxharrisoniae (Hook.) Lindl. ex Spreng., Syst.

Veg. (ed. 16) 3: 727. 1826.

Stanhopeaharrisoniae (Hook.) P.N.Don in Donn, Hortus Cantabrig., ed. 13: 607. 1845. Lycasteharrisoniae (Hook.) G.Don ex Loudon, Encycl. Pl. (new ed.) 2: 1468. 1855.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior, riparian forest.

VOuChers: Caetano s.n. (FURB 39662); Schmitt et al. 524 (FURB).

Bifrenariainodora Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 29(Misc.): 48. 1843 (Fig. 5).*

Stenocoryneinodora (Lindl.) Kraenzl. in Rchb.f..

Xenia Orchid. 3: 142. 1896.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36933).

BulBophyllum Thouars

Bulbophyllumglutinosum (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(5): 597. 1902.*Didactyleglutinosa Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 126. 1881.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest edge.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 38756).

Bulbophyllumgranulosum Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 41. 1877.*

Didactylegranulosa (Barb.Rodr.) Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 125. 1881.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano & Schlemper 204 (spirit, FURB).

Bulbophyllumnapellii Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 10: 185. 1842 (Fig. 5).

Phyllorkisnapelli (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 677. 1891. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior. VOuChers: Bresolin 663 (FLOR, HB); Schmitt et al. 756 (FURB); Schmitt et al. 1807 (FURB).

Bulbophyllumregnellii Rchb.f., Linnaea 22: 835. 1850.

Didactyleregnellii (Rchb.f.) Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 123. 1881.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest edge. Voucher: Caetano et al. 50 (FURB). campylocentrum Benth.

Campylocentrumdensiflorum Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(6): 511. 1906 (Fig. 5).

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano et al. 49 (FURB).

Campylocentrumgrisebachii Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(6): 522. 1906.

Campylocentrumburchellii Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(6): 522. 1906.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano 194 (spirit, FURB).

Campylocentrumornithorrhynchum (Lindl.) Rolfe, Orchid Rev. 11: 246. 1903.*

Angraecumornithorrhynchum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 26: t. 68. 1840.

Aeranthesornithorrhyncha (Lindl.) Rchb.f. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 6(6): 903. 1864.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (reforested).

Voucher: Caetano 221 (spirit, FURB).

Campylocentrumparahybunense (Barb.Rodr.) Rolfe, Orchid Rev. 11: 246. 1903.*

Aeranthesparahybunensis Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 245. 1882.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 40574).

Campylocentrumpauloense Hoehne & Schltr., Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 297. 1926 (Fig. 5). Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest edge.

Voucher: Caetano 48 (FURB).

Campylocentrumulaei Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(6): 514. 1906. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. Voucher: Caetano et al. 200 (spirit, FURB). capanemia Barb.Rodr.

Capanemiagehrtii Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s. 1: 43. 1939.* Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (urban area).

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36261).

Capanemiathereziae Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 244. 1882.*

Quekettiathereziae (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(6): 200. 1905. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (urban area).

Voucher: Caetano 213 (spirit, FURB). cattleya Lindl.

Cattleyaguttata Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 17: t. 1406. 1831 (Fig. 5).*[VU]

Cattleyaelatior Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 117. 1833. Habit and Habitat: Rupicolous; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 64 (FURB).

Cattleyaintermedia Graham, Bot. Mag. 55: t. 2851.

1828 (Fig. 5). [VU] Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 78 (FURB).

Cirrhaea Lindl.

Cirrhaeadependens (G.Lodd.) Loudon, Hort. Brit.:

370. 1830 (Fig. 5).*

Cymbidiumdependens G.Lodd., Bot. Cab. 10(4): t. 936. 1825.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic (urban) area.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 40573). cleistes Rich. ex Lindl.

Cleisteslibonii (Rchb.f.) Schltr., Arch. Bot. São Paulo

1: 179. 1926 (Fig. 5).*

Pogonialibonii Rchb.f., Xenia Orchid. 2: 91. 1865.

Pogoniamacrantha Barb.Rodr., Rev. Engenh. 3: 144. 1881.

Cleistesmacrantha (Barb.Rodr.) Schltr., Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 179. 1926.

Pogoniarevoluta Barb.Rodr., Rev. Engenh. 3: 144. 1881.

Cleistesrevoluta (Barb.Rodr.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 35: 26. 1925.

Pogoniamagnifica Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 316. 1920.

Cleistesmagnifica (Schltr.) Schltr., Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 180. 1926.

Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; anthropic area (urban area).

VOuChers: Costa s.n. (R 198377); Caetano s.n.

(FURB 38279, HUCS 39284).

Corymborkis Thouars

Corymborkisflava (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:

658. 1891.

Serapiasflava Sw., Prodr.: 119. 1788.

Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano 7 (FURB).

Cranichis Sw.

Cranichiscandida (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 248. 1895.

Cystochilumcandidum Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 198. 1877.

Cranichissimilis Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburg. 2: 83. 1881.

Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; anthropic area (urban area).

Voucher: Caetano 21 (FURB).

Cyclopogon C.Presl

Cyclopogoncongestus (Vell.) Hoehne, Fl. Brasilica 12(2): 209. 1945 (Fig. 5).

Serapiascongesta Vell., Fl. Flumin. Icon. 9: t. 54. 1831.

Beadleacongesta (Vell.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 28(4): 300. 1982 (“1980”).

Cyclopogonalpestris var. bidentatus Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 283. 1882. Cyclopogonbidentatus (Barb.Rodr.), Szlach., Candollea 48(2): 435. 1993.

Beadleabidentata (Barb.Rodr.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 28(4): 299. 1982 (“1980”).

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest edge.

Voucher: Caetano 33 (FURB).

Cyclopogoniguapensis Schltr., Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan, Secç. Bot. 1(4): 25. 1922.*

Beadleaiguapensis (Schltr.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 28(4): 300. 1982 (“1980”).

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano 27 (FURB).

Cyclopogonlongibracteatus (Barb.Rodr.) Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 390. 1920.

Spirantheslongibracteata Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 185. 1877.

Beadlealongibracteata (Barb.Rodr.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 28(4): 301. 1982 (“1980”).

Habit and Habitat: Rupicolous; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 26 (FURB).

Cyclopogonmultiflorus Schltr., Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan, Secç. Bot. 1(4): 27. 1922.*

Beadleamultiflora (Schltr.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 28(4): 301. 1982 (“1980”).

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano & Schlemper 198 (spirit, FURB).

Cyclopogonsubalpestris Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 35: 32. 1925 (Fig. 5).

Beadleasubalpestris (Schltr.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 28(4): 301. 1982 (“1980”).

Habit and Habitat: Rupicolous; forest interior (top of hill).

Voucher: Caetano & Schlemper 25 (FURB).

dichaea Lindl.

Dichaeacogniauxiana Schltr., Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan, Secç. Bot. 1(4): 66. 1922 (Fig. 5).* Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. VOuChers: Caetano s.n. (FURB 40575); Caetano 60 (FURB).

Dichaeapendula (Aubl.) Cogn. in Urb., Symb. Antill. 4(1): 182. 1903 (Fig. 5).

Limodorumpendulum Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 819. 1775. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 54 (FURB).

dryadella Luer

Dryadellalilliputiana (Cogn.) Luer, Selbyana 2(2-3): 208. 1978 (Fig. 5). [VU]

Masdevallialilliputiana Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(6): 555. 1906. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

Voucher: Schmitt et al. 1799 (FURB).

Dryadellazebrina (Porsch) Luer, Selbyana 2(2-3): 209. 1978.

Masdevalliazebrina Porsch, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 55: 154. 1905. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 38755). elleanthus C.Presl

Elleanthusbrasiliensis (Lindl.) Rchb.f. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 6(3): 475. 1862 (Fig. 5).

Evelynabrasiliensis Lindl., London J. Bot. 2: 661. 1843. Habit and Habitat: Rupicolous; forest edge.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36923). encyclia Hook.

Encycliapatens Hook., Bot. Mag. 57: t. 3013. 1830 var. patens (Fig. 5).*

Epidendrumodoratissimum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 17: t. 1415. 1831.

Encycliaodoratissima (Lindl.) Schltr., Orchideen: 210. 1914.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 20595). epidendrum L.

Epidendrumavicula Lindl., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 85. 1841.

Laniumavicula (Lindl.) Benth., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 14: t. 1335. 1881. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 71 (FURB).

Epidendrumcaldense Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid.

2: 148. 1882.* Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano & Almeida 201 (spirit, FURB).

Epidendrumcampaccii Hágsater & L.Sánchez, Icon. Orchid. 2(1): t. 117. 1993.* Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; open field.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37807).

Epidendrumcristatum Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1: 243. 1798.

Epidendrumraniferum Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 109. 1831.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37805).

Epidendrumdensiflorum Hook., Bot. Mag. 66: t. 3791. 1840 (Fig. 6). Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 38757).

Epidendrumlatilabrum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 27(Misc.): 77. 1841.

Amphiglottislatilabra (Lindl.) Acuña, Bol. Estac. Exp. Agron. Santiago de las Vegas 60: 98. 1939. Neolehmannialatilabris (Lindl.) Pabst, Bradea 2(46): 306. 1978.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior, riparian forest.

VOuChers: Caetano 18 (FURB); 189 (spirit, FURB).

Epidendrumproligerum Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 61. 1877.*

Epidendrumcorymbosum Lindl., Fol. Orchid. 3(Epidendrum): 61. 1853, nom. illeg.

Epidendrumochrochlorum Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 140. 1882.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. Voucher: Caetano & Schlemper 67 (FURB).

Epidendrumpseudodifforme Hoehne & Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 35: 71. 1925.* Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Crestani s.n. (FURB 8453).

Epidendrumramosum Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl.: 29. 1760 (Fig. 6).

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

VOuChers: Caetano 32 (FURB); Caetano & Schlemper s.n. (FURB 40578).

Epidendrumrigidum Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl.: 29. 1760. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano 187 (spirit, FURB).

Epidendrumsecundum Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl.: 29. 1760 (Fig. 6).

Epidendrumelongatum Jacq., Collecteana 3: 260. 1791.

Epidendrumellipticum Graham in Hook., Exot. Fl. 3: t. 207. 1826.

Epidendrumansiferum Rchb.f. & Warsz.,

Bonplandia 2: 111. 1854.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (approach road).

Voucher: Caetano 17 (FURB).

Epidendrumtridactylum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 46. 1838 (Fig. 6).

Amblostomatridactylum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 6(4): 485. 1863.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano 20 (FURB).

Epidendrumvesicatum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg.

24(Misc.): 50. 1838 (Fig. 6).* Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano & Schlemper 68 (FURB). eulophia R.Br.

Eulophiaalta (L.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 1:

112. 1910 (Fig. 6).

Limodorumaltum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 2: 594. 1767.

Eulophialongifolia (Kunth) Schltr., Orchideen: 347. 1914.

Dendrobiumlongifolium Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1(ed. qu.): 360. 1816.

Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano 61 (FURB).

eurystyles Wawra

Eurystylescotyledon Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 13(1): 223. 1863 (Fig. 6).

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest (forest edge), anthropic area (pasture).

VOuChers: Caetano s.n. (FURB 40579); Caetano 220 (spirit, FURB).

Gomesa R.Br.

Gomesaalbinoi (Schltr.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 104(3): 395. 2009.*Oncidiumalbinoi Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 63. 1926.

Baptistoniaalbinoi (Schltr.) Chiron & V.P.Castro, Richardiana 4(3): 117. 2004.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest, anthropic area (pasture).

VOuChers: Caetano & Schlemper 203 (spirit, FURB); Caetano & Schlemper 206 (spirit, FURB).

Gomesacornigera (Lindl.) M.W.Chase & N.H. Williams, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 104(3): 396. 2009.

Oncidiumcornigerum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1542. 1832.

Baptistoniacornigera (Lindl.) Chiron &

V.P.Castro, Richardiana 4(3): 117. 2004. Oncidiumhecatanthum Kraenzl., Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., n.s. 46(10): 81. 1911. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (urban area).

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37361).

Gomesaeleutherosepala (Barb.Rodr.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 104(3): 396. 2009.*

Rodrigueziaeleutherosepala Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 240. 1882.

Rodrigueziopsiseleutherosepala (Barb.Rodr.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 427. 1920. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest, forest interior.

VOuChers: Schmitt et al. 1740 (FURB); Caetano s.n. (FURB 37333).

Gomesaflexuosa (Lodd.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Phytotaxa 1: 58. 2009 (Fig. 6).

Oncidiumflexuosum Lodd., Bot. Cab. 5: t. 424. 1820.

Ampliglossumflexuosum (Lodd.) Campacci, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 3: 84. 2006.

Coppensiaflexuosa (Lodd.) Campacci, Bol. CAOB 62: 55. 2006.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior

(riparian forest).

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36893).

Gomesagardneri (Lindl.) M.W.Chase &

N.H.Williams, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 104(3): 397. 2009 (Fig. 6).*

Oncidiumgardneri Lindl., London J. Bot. 2: 662. 1843.

Anetteagardneri (Lindl.) Szlach. & Mytnik, Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 50. 2006.

Brasilidiumgardneri (Lindl.) Campacci, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 3: 79. 2006.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest, anthropic area (pasture).

VOuChers: Schmitt et al. 506 (FURB); Schmitt et al. 515 (FURB); Caetano & Schlemper 202 (spirit, FURB).

Gomesahandroi (Hoehne) Pabst, Orquídea (Rio de Janeiro) 29(4): 165. 1967.*

Theodoreahandroi Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s. 1(4): 87. 1942.

Hellerorchishandroi (Hoehne) A.D.Hawkes, Orchid J. 3: 275. 1959.

Rodrigueziellahandroi (Hoehne) Pabst, Bradea 2(2): 8. 1975. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36288).

Gomesaimperatoris-maximiliani (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 104(3): 397.

2009 (Fig. 6).*

Oncidiumimperatoris-maximiliani Rchb.f. in Wawra, Bot. Ergebn.: 154. 1866.

Anetteaimperatoris-maximiliani (Rchb.f.) Szlach. & Mytnik, Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 50. 2006.

Oncidiumcrispum Lodd. ex Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 197. 1833.

Anetteacrispa (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Szlach. & Mytnik, Polish Bot. J. 5(1)1: 50. 2006.

Brasilidiumcrispum (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Campacci, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 3: 78. 2006.

Oncidiumbrunnipetalum Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 190. 1882.

Ampliglossumbrunnipetalum (Barb.Rodr.)

Campacci, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 3: 83. 2006.

Coppensiabrunnipetala (Barb.Rodr.) Campacci, Bol. CAOB 62: 55. 2006.

Gomesabrunnipetala (Barb.Rodr.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 104(3): 396. 2009. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37814). Gomesaloefgrenii (Cogn.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 104(3): 397. 2009.*

Oncidiumloefgrenii Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 381. 1896.

Carenidiumloefgrenii (Cogn.) Baptista, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 3: 91. 2006.

Menezesiellaloefgrenii (Cogn.) V.P.Castro & Chiron, Richardiana 6(2): 105. 2006.

Coppensia loefgrenii (Cogn.) F.Barros & V.T.Rodrigues, Bol. CAOB 77-78: 12. 2010. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Klein & Bresolin 10882 (FLOR). Gomesaradicans (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase &

N.H.Williams, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 104(3): 398. 2009.*

Sigmatostalixradicans Rchb.f. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 6(6): 859. 1864.

Ornithophoraradicans (Rchb.f.) Garay & Pabst, Orquídea (Rio de Janeiro) 13: 50. 1951. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37804).

Gomesaranifera (Lindl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 104(3): 398. 2009.*Oncidiumraniferum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 23: t. 1920. 1837.

Carenidiumraniferum (Lindl.) Baptista, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 3: 91. 2006.

Menezesiellaranifera (Lindl.) Chiron & V.P.Castro, Richardiana 6(2): 105. 2006.

Rhinocidiumraniferum (Lindl.) Baptista, Orchidstud. 2(2-3): 42. 2007. Coppensiaranifera (Lindl.) F.Barros & V.T.Rodrigues, Bol. CAOB 77-78: 13. 2010. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior, anthropic area (pasture).

VOuChers: Schmitt et al. 1798 (FURB); Caetano & Schlemper 205 (spirit, FURB).

Gomesarecurva R.Br., Bot. Mag. 42: t. 1748. 1815.

Rodrigueziabarkeri Hook., Bot. Mag. 54: t. 2746. 1827 (Fig. 6).

Odontoglossumbarkeri (Hook.) Rchb.f. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 6(6): 854. 1864.

Gomesabarkeri (Hook.) Rolfe, Orchid Rev. 9: 166. 1901.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest, forest interior.

VOuChers: Bresolin 665 (FLOR, as Gomesabarkeri); Caetano s.n. (FURB 37353). Gomesariograndensis (Cogn.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 104(3): 398. 2009.

Oncidiumriograndense Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(6): 446. 1906.

Baptistoniariograndense (Cogn.) Chiron & V.P.Castro, Richardiana 4(3): 118. 2004.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Crestani s.n. (FURB 8454).

Gomesauniflora (Booth ex Lindl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 104(3): 398. 2009. Oncidiumuniflorum Booth ex Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 29: t. 43. 1843.

Alatiglossumuniflorum (Booth ex Lindl.) Baptista, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 3: 89. 2006. Kleberiellauniflora (Booth ex Lindl.) V.P.Castro & Cath., Richardiana 6(3): 158. 2006.

Oncidiumlongipes Lindl., Paxton’s Fl. Gard. 1: 46. 1850.

Alatiglossumlongipes (Lindl.) Baptista, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 3: 88. 2006.

Kleberiellalongipes (Lindl.) V.P.Castro & Cath., Richardiana 6(3): 159. 2006.

Gomesalongipes (Lindl.) M.W.Chase &

N.H.Williams, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 104(3): 397. 2009. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest edge. Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37350). gongora Ruiz & Pav.

Gongorabufonia Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 27: t.

2. 1841.* Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior (top of hill).

Voucher: Caetano & Henschel 53 (FURB).

Govenia Lindl.

Goveniautriculata (Sw.) Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg.

25(Misc.): 47. 1839.

Limodorumutriculatum Sw., Prodr.: 119. 1788. Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; forest edge. Voucher: Caetano 75 (FURB, RB). grandiphyllum Docha Neto

Grandiphyllumdivaricatum (Lindl.) Docha Neto,

Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 3: 75. 2006 (Fig. 6). [VU]Oncidiumdivaricatum Lindl., Bot. Reg. 13: t. 1050. 1827.

Aurinocidiumdivaricatum (Lindl.) Romowicz & Szlach., Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 44. 2006.

Oncidiumpulvinatum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 61. 1838.

Aurinocidiumpulvinatum (Lindl.) Romowicz & Szlach., Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 44. 2006.

Grandiphyllumpulvinatum (Lindl.) Docha Neto, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 3: 76. 2006.

Oncidiumsphegiferum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 29(Misc.): 17. 1843.

Aurinocidiumsphegiferum (Lindl.) Romowicz & Szlach., Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 44. 2006. Grandiphyllumsphegiferum (Lindl.) Docha Neto, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 3: 76. 2006. Oncidiumrobustissimum Rchb.f., Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 4: 352. 1888.

Aurinocidiumrobustissimum (Rchb.f.) Romowicz & Szlach., Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 44. 2006. Grandiphyllumrobustissimum (Rchb.f.) Docha Neto, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 3: 76. 2006.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (urban area).

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 39665).

Grandiphyllumhians (Lindl.) Docha Neto, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 3: 75. 2006.*[VU]Oncidiumhians Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 65. 1838.

Aurinocidiumhians (Lindl.) Romowicz & Szlach., Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 44. 2006.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 57 (FURB).

Grobya Lindl.

Grobyafascifera Rchb.f., Flora 69: 551. 1886. [VU]

Grobyabibrachiata Hoehne, Bol. Agric. (São Paulo) 34: 625. 1934 (Fig. 6).*

Grobyabibrachiata var. riograndensisPabst, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 14: 22. 1956. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano 70 (FURB).

Habenaria Willd.

Habenariajosephensis Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 257. 1882.* Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano 9 (FURB).

Habenariaparviflora Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 314. 1835 (Fig. 6).

Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; anthropic area (pasture).

VOuChers: Costa s.n. (R 90253); Caetano 55 (FURB).

Hapalorchis Schltr.

Hapalorchislineata (Lindl.) Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 363. 1920.

Spirantheslineata Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 471. 1840.

Gyrostachyslineata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 664. 1891.

Cyclopogonlineatus (Lindl.) Pabst, Bradea 1(47): 466. 1974. Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano 212 (spirit, FURB).

Hapalorchismicranthus (Barb.Rodr.) Hoehne, Fl. Brasilica 12(2): 291. 1945 (“micrantha”).

Spiranthesmicrantha Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 183. 1877.

Cyclopogonmicranthus Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1(Index): iii. 1877.

Sauroglossumcandidum Kraenzl., Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., n.s. 46(10): 38. 1911.

Hapalorchiscandida (Kraenzl.) Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 363. 1920.

Cyclopogoncandidus (Kraenzl.) Pabst, Bradea 1(47): 466. 1974. Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; riparian forest. Voucher: Schmitt et al. 504 (FURB). huntleya Bateman ex Lindl.

Huntleyameleagris Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 23:

t. 1991. 1837.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. VOuChers: Caetano 65 (FUEL, FURB). isaBelia Barb.Rodr.

Isabeliapulchella (Kraenzl.) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(2): 109. 2001.*Neolaucheapulchella Kraenzl., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 110. 1897.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 16 (FURB).

Isochilus R.Br.

Isochiluslinearis (Jacq.) R.Br. in W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2. 5: 209. 1813.

Epidendrumlineare Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl.: 29. 1760.

Isochilusbrasiliensis Schltr., Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 235. 1926.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (urban area).

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 38753).

Lankesterella Ames

Lankesterellaceracifolia (Barb.Rodr.) Mansf., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 217. 1940.

Stenorrhynchosceracifolium Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2(Index): xv. 1881. Spiranthesceracifolia (Barb.Rodr.) Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 285. 1882.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest edge, forest interior.

VOuChers: Schmitt et al. 1810 (FURB); Caetano 73 (FURB).

Leptotes Lindl.

Leptotesbicolor Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 19: t. 1625. 1833 (Fig. 7). Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 37 (FURB).

Leptotesunicolor Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 74. 1877 (Fig. 7). Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 38094).

Liparis Rich.

Liparisnervosa (Thunb.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 26. 1830 subsp. nervosa .

Ophrysnervosa Thunb. in Murray, Syst. Veg. ed.

14: 814. 1784.

Lipariselata Lindl., Bot. Reg. 14: t. 1175. 1828. Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano 3 (FURB).

Malaxis Sol. ex Sw.

Malaxisexcavata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 673. 1891.

Microstylisexcavata Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 51. 1838.

Cheiropterocephalussertuliferus Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 29. 1877.

Microstylissertulifera (Barb.Rodr.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 35: 46. 1925. Malaxissertulifera (Barb.Rodr.) Pabst, Orquídea (Rio de Janeiro) 29(3): 112. 1967.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest edge.

Voucher: Caetano 35 (FURB).

Malaxisparthonii C.Morren, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 5: 485. 1838.

Microstylisparthonii (C.Morren) Rchb.f., Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 206. 1861.

Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; riparian forest. Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 40572). maxillaria Ruiz & Pav.

Maxillariabrasiliensis Brieger & Illg, Trab. 26 Congr. Nac. Bot., Rio de Janeiro: 240. 1977.*Heterotaxisbrasiliensis (Brieger & Illg) F.Barros, Hoehnea 29(2): 112. 2002.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 181 (spirit, FURB).

Maxillariachrysantha Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 115. 1877 (Fig. 7).

Brasiliorchischrysantha (Barb.Rodr.) R.B.Singer, S.Koehler & Carnevali, Novon 17(1): 96. 2007. Bolbidiumchrysanthum (Barb.Rodr.) J.M.H.Shaw, Orchid Rev. Suppl. 119(1294): 38. 2011.

Maxillariaserotina Regnell & Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 203. 1882.

Brasiliorchisserotina (Regnell & Barb.Rodr.) Szlach. & Sitko, Biodivers. Res. Conservation 25: 23. 2012. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area

(pasture).

Voucher: Caetano 42 (FURB).

Maxillariacleistogama Brieger & Illg, Trab. 26 Congr. Nac. Bot., Rio de Janeiro: 247. 1977. Mormolycacleistogama (Brieger & Illg)

M.A.Blanco, Lankesteriana 7(3): 531. 2007. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36888).

Maxillariacrocea Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 21: t. 1799. 1835.*

Maxillarialindleyana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 162. 1921, nom. illeg. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano et al. 222 (spirit, FURB).

Maxillariaferdinandiana Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 204. 1882.*

Christensonellaferdinandiana (Barb.Rodr.)

Szlach. et al., Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 58. 2006. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. Voucher: Caetano 23 (FURB).

Maxillariamarginata (Lindl.) Fenzl, Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 10: 112. 1855 (Fig. 7).*

Cymbidium marginatum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1530. 1832.

Brasiliorchismarginata (Lindl.) R.B.Singer, S.Koehler & Carnevali, Novon 17(1): 97. 2007. Bolbidiummarginatum (Barb.Rodr.) J.M.H.Shaw, Orchid Rev. Suppl. 119(1294): 38. 2011. Maxillariaconsanguinea Klotzsch, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 19: 375. 1853.

Brasiliorchisconsanguinea (Klotzsch) R.B.Singer, S.Koehler & Carnevali, Novon 17(1): 96. 2007. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. VOuChers: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36932); Caetano s.n. (FURB 37343).

Maxillarianotylioglossa Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2(2): 16. 1854.

Rhetinanthanotylioglossa (Rchb.f.) M.A.Blanco, Lankesteriana 7(3): 535. 2007.

Maxillariacerifera Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 118. 1877.

Ornithidiumceriferum (Barb.Rodr.) Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 209. 1882. Rhetinanthacerifera (Barb.Rodr.) M.A.Blanco, Lankesteriana 7(3): 534. 2007.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 39736).

Maxillariaochroleuca G.Lodd. ex Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 143. 1832 (Fig. 7).

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37811).

Maxillariaparanaensis Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 205. 1882.

Christensonellaparanaensis (Barb.Rodr.) Szlach. & Sitko, Biodivers. Res. Conservation 25: 27. 2012.

Maxillariaspegazziniana Kraenzl., Orchis 2: 51. 1908.

Christensonellaspegazziniana (Kraenzl.) Szlach. & Sitko, Biodivers. Res. Conservation 25: 27. 2012.

Maxillariajuergensii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 35: 88. 1925.

Christensonellajuergensii (Schltr.) Szlach. et al., Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 58. 2006.

Maxillariacogniauxiana Hoehne, Bol. Agric. (São Paulo) 34: 632. 1934.

Christensonellacogniauxiana (Hoehne) Szlach. et al., Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 58. 2006. Maxillariaheterophylla Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s. 2(6): 132. 1952.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest edge.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37800).

Maxillariapicta Hook., Bot. Mag. 59: t. 3154. 1832 (Fig. 7).

Brasiliorchispicta (Hook.) R.B.Singer, S.Koehler & Carnevali, Novon 17(1): 97. 2007. Bolbidiumpictum (Barb.Rodr.) J.M.H.Shaw, Orchid Rev. Suppl. 119(1294): 38. 2011. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 38760).

Maxillariaporphyrostele Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1: 978. 1873.*

Brasiliorchisporphyrostele (Rchb.f.) R.B.Singer, S.Koehler & Carnevali, Novon 17(1): 97. 2007. Bolbidiumporphyrostele (Rchb.f.) J.M.H.Shaw, Orchid Rev. Suppl. 119(1294): 38. 2011.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano 207 (spirit, FURB).

Maxillariarufescens Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 22:

t. 1848. 1836.

Mormolycarufescens (Lindl.) M.A.Blanco, Lankesteriana 7(3): 531. 2007.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 72 (FURB).

Maxillariasubulata Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 147. 1832 (Fig. 7).*

Christensonellasubulata (Lindl.) Szlach. et al., Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 59. 2006.

Maxillariaacicularis Herb. ex Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 23: t. 1986. 1837.

Christensonellaacicularis (Herb. ex Lindl.) Szlach. et al., Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 58. 2006.

Maxillariamadida Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 44. 1838.

Christensonellamadida (Lindl.) Szlach. et al., Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 58. 2006.

Maxillariacepula Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3(15-16): 216. 1855.

Christensonellacepula (Rchb.f.) S.Koehler, Lankesteriana 7(3): 522. 2007. Maxillariamosenii Kraenzl., Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 46(10): 73. 1911.

Maxillaria echinochila Kraenzl., Ark. Bot. 16(8): 22. 1921.

Maxillariapaulistana Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s. 2(6): 135. 1952.

Christensonellapaulistana (Hoehne) Szlach. et al., Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 58. 2006.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. Voucher: Caetano 43 (FURB).

Microchilus C.Presl

Microchilusarietinus (Rchb.f. & Warm.) Ormerod, Lindleyana 17(4): 214. 2002.

Physurusarietinus Rchb.f. & Warm. in Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburg. 2: 82. 1881. Erythrodesarietina (Rchb.f. & Warm.) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 66. 1922.

Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 183 (spirit, FURB).

Miltonia Lindl.

Miltoniaflavescens (Lindl.) Lindl., Sert. Orchid.: t. 48. 1841 (Fig. 7).

Cyrtochilumflavescens Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 19: t. 1627. 1834. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (urban area).

Voucher: Caetano 44 (FURB).

Miltoniaregnellii Rchb.f., Linnaea 22: 851. 1850 (Fig.

7).* Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37808).

Miltoniarusselliana (Lindl.) Lindl., Sert. Orchid.: t. 48. 1841 (Fig. 7).*

Oncidiumrussellianum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 22: t. 1830. 1836.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. Voucher: Caetano 19 (FURB).

Myoxanthus Poepp. & Endl.

Myoxanthusexasperatus (Lindl.) Luer, Selbyana 7(1): 36. 1982.

Pleurothallisexasperata Lindl., Fol. Orchid. 9(Pleurothallis): 15. 1859.

Humboltiaexasperata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 667. 1891.

Pleurothallispeduncularis Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 29(Misc.): 47. 1843, nom. illeg.

Humboltia peduncularis (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891, nom. illeg. Speckliniapeduncularis (Lindl.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 10: 110. 1984, nom. illeg.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 193 (spirit, FURB).

Notylia Lindl.

Notyliahemitricha Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2:

223. 1882 (Fig. 7).* Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37802). octomeria R.Br.

Octomeriacrassifolia Lindl., Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 354. 1836 (Fig. 7).

Octomeriaalpina Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 102. 1881.

Octomeriadensiflora Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 97. 1881.

Octomeriagracilicaulis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 35: 63. 1925.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

VOuChers: Caetano 28 (FURB); Caetano 30 (FURB).

Octomeriadiaphana Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): 91. 1839.*

Octomeriafialhoensis Dutra ex Pabst, Sellowia 10: 133. 1959. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 38350).

Octomeriagracilis Lodd. ex Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 36. 1838 (Fig. 7).* Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36292).

Octomeriagrandiflora Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 28(Misc.): 64. 1842.

Octomeriarobusta Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 97. 1881, nom. illeg.

Octomeriagrandiflora var. robusta (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 606. 1896. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36925).

Octomeriamicrantha Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 33. 1877 (Fig. 7). Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (reforested).

Voucher: Caetano 29 (FURB).

Octomeriaoctomeriantha (Hoehne) Pabst, Bradea 1(20): 180. 1972.*

Pleurothallisoctomeriantha Hoehne, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 12(2): 24. 1936.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (reforested).

Voucher: Caetano 210 (spirit, FURB).

Octomeriapalmyrabellae Barb.Rodr., Rodriguésia 8:

38. 1937.* Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (reforested).

Voucher: Caetano & Henschel 74 (FURB).

Octomeriapusilla Lindl., Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 354. 1837.*

Octomeriaumbonulata Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 35: 67. 1925.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano & Schlemper 196 (spirit, FURB).

Octomeriawarmingii Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburg.: 94. 1881 (Fig. 7).

Octomeriaoxychela Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 99. 1881.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. Voucher: Caetano 52 (FURB).

Ornithocephalus Hook.

Ornithocephalusmyrticola Lindl., Ann. Nat. Hist. 4(26): 383. 1840 (Fig. 7). Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. VOuChers: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37875); Royer 114 (UPCB).

Pabstiella Brieger & Senghas

Pabstiella bicolor (Barb.Rodr.) Luer & Toscano,

Harvard Pap. Bot. 16(2): 380. 2011. [Luer & Toscano de Brito 2011].*

Lepanthesbicolor Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 49. 1881.

Pleurothallisbicolor (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 408. 1896, nom. illeg. Trichosalpinxbicolor (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Phytologia 54(5): 394. 1983.

Lepanthesquadridentata Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 50. 1881.

Pleurothallisquadridentata (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 454. 1896.

Trichosalpinxquadridentata (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Phytologia 54(5): 397. 1983.

Speckliniaquadridentata (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263. 2004.

Pabstiellaquadridentata (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 120. 2007.

Pleurothallismouraei Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 580. 1896. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 38759).

Pabstiellabradei (Schltr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 119. 2007.*

Pleurothallisbradei Schltr., Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan, Secç. Bot. 1(4): 41. 1922. Trichosalpinxbradei (Schltr.) Luer, Phytologia 54(5): 394. 1983.

Speckliniabradei (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259. 2004.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

Voucher: Klein & Bresolin 10883 (FLOR).

Pabstiellacarinifera (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 119. 2007.*[VU]Lepanthescarinifera Barb.Rodr., Rev. Engenh. 3(8): 110. 1881.

Pleurothalliscarinifera (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 584. 1896. Trichosalpinxcarinifera (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Phytologia 54(5): 394. 1983.

Speckliniacarinifera (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259. 2004. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest, forest interior.

VOuChers: Schmitt et al. 1747 (FURB); Caetano s.n. (FURB 37332).

Pabstiellafusca (Lindl.) Chiron & Xim.Bols., Richardiana 10(2): 56. 2010.*

Pleurothallisfusca Lindl., Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 354. 1837.

Effusiellafusca (Lindl.) Campacci, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 9: 337. 2011.

Pleurothallishypnicola Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 28(Misc.): 75. 1842.

Humboltiahypnicola (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 667. 1891.

Speckliniahypnicola (Lindl.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 10: 110. 1984.

Stelishypnicola (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 263. 2001.

Pabstiellahypnicola (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 120. 2007.

Effusiellahypnicola (Lindl.) Campacci, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 9: 338. 2011.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest, forest interior.

VOuChers: Klein & Bresolin 10884 (FLOR); Schmitt et al. 509 (FURB); Schmitt et al. 522 (FURB); Schmitt et al. 1775 (FURB); Schmitt et al. 1803 (FURB); Korte & Kniess 988 (FURB); Caetano 184 (spirit, FURB).

Pabstiellamatinhensis (Hoehne) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 120. 2007.

Pleurothallismatinhensis Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s. 1(1): 13. 1938. Trichosalpinxmatinhensis (Hoehne) Luer, Phytologia 54(5): 396. 1983.

Speckliniamatinhensis (Hoehne) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262. 2004. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 38877).

Pabstiellamirabilis (Schltr.) Brieger & Senghas, Orchidee (Hamburg) 27(5): 195. 1976.*Pleurothallismirabilis Schltr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7(66): 274. 1918. Anthereonmirabilis (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 252. 2001.

Speckliniamirabilis (Schltr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262. 2004. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36258).

Pabstiellaparvifolia (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 139. 2006.

Pleurothallisparvifolia Lindl., Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 355. 1837.

Humboltiaparvifolia (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891.

Speckliniaparvifolia (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 258. 2001. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano 215 (spirit, FURB).

Pabstiellapunctatifolia (Barb.Rodr.) Chiron, Phytotaxa 46: 55. 2012.*

Lepanthespunctatifolia Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 55. 1881.

Pleurothallispunctatifolia (Barb.Rodr.) Pabst, Orquídea (Rio de Janeiro) 28: 227. 1966. Trichosalpinxpunctatifolia (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Phytologia 54(5): 397. 1983.

Speckliniapunctatifolia (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263. 2004. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 58 (FURB).

Pabstiellarubrolineata (Hoehne) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 120. 2007.*Pleurothallisrubrolineata Hoehne, Bol. Agric. (São Paulo) 34: 609. 1934.

Speckliniarubrolineata (Hoehne) F.Barros, Hoehnea 10: 110. 1984.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano & Almeida 208 (spirit, FURB).

Pabstiellaseriata (Lindl.) Luer & Toscano, Harvard Pap. Bot. 16(2): 381. 2011.

Pleurothallisseriata Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 26(Misc.): 75. 1840.

Humboltiaseriata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891.

Speckliniaseriata (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 259. 2001.

Panmorphiaseriata (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 174. 2006. Anathallisseriata (Lindl.) Luer & Toscano, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 115: 259. 2009.

Effusiellaseriata (Lindl.) Baptista, Colet. Orquídeas Brasil. 9: 339. 2011.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 219 (spirit, FURB).

Pabstiellastictophylla (Schltr.) J.Caetano & L.R.S.Guim., comb. nov.*

Basionym: Pleurothallisstictophylla Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 43. 1926; descr. emend. Hoehne, Bol. Agric. (São Paulo) 34: 608. 1934 (“1933”).

Trichosalpinxstictophylla (Schltr.) Luer, Phytologia 54(5): 397. 1983.

Speckliniastictophylla (Schltr.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 264. 2004. type: Brazil: Paraná, Porto de Cima, Hatschbach 89 (holotype B†). Lectotype designated here: original illustration of the flower analysis sketched by Schlechter and posthumously published by Mansfeld (1930: t. 36, nº. 143!) (Fig. 8). Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Bresolin & Roco 696 (FLOR).

The description of the protologue, the emended description and the examination of the illustration of Pleurothallis stictophylla in Hoehne (1933) shows that this plant is clearly a species of Pabstiella, and thus this combination is needed. The study of many tropical orchids is severely hampered by the loss of all the holotypes of Schlechter’s species due to the bombing of the Berlin Herbarium during the World War II (Merrill 1943, Butzin 1978, 1981, Hiepko 1987). Luckily, an original illustration in Mansfeld’s work is available and can be used as taxonomic reference.

Pabstiellatrifida (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 120. 2007 (Fig. 9).

Pleurothallistrifida Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 28(Misc.): 82. 1842.

Humboltiatrifida (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891.

Speckliniatrifida (Lindl.) F.Barros, Orchid Memories: 19. 2004.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest, forest interior.

VOuChers: Schmitt et al. 516 (FURB); Caetano s.n. (FURB 38758).

Pabstiellauniflora (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 121. 2007.

Pleurothallisuniflora Lindl., Companion Bot. Mag. 2(24): 355. 1837.

Humboltiauniflora (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891.

Speckliniauniflora (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 259. 2001.

Pleurothallisleontoglossa Rchb.f., Linnaea 22: 831. 1849.

Humboltialeontoglossa (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 667. 1891.

Specklinialeontoglossa (Rchb.f.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261. 2004. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 11 (FURB).

Pabstiellaversicolor (Porsch) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 121. 2007. [Toscano de Brito & Luer 2016].*

Pleurothallisversicolor Porsch, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 55: 155. 1905.

Pleurothallispodoglossa Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s. 1(1): 12. 1938. Trichosalpinxpodoglossa (Hoehne) Luer,

Phytologia 54(5): 396. 1983.

Speckliniapodoglossa (Hoehne) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263. 2004.

Pabstiella podoglossa (Hoehne) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 120. 2007. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. Voucher: Caetano 179 (spirit, FURB). pelexia Poit. ex Lindl.

Pelexiamacropoda (Barb.Rodr.) Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 409. 1920.*

Spiranthesmacropoda Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 186. 1877.

Stenorrhynchosmacropodum Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1(Index): x. 1877.

Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano et al. 195 (spirit, FURB). phymatidium Lindl.

Phymatidiumaquinoi Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 35: 101. 1925.* Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano 217 (spirit, FURB).

Phymatidiumdelicatulum Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 210. 1833 var. delicatulum .

Phymatidiummyrtophilum Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 229. 1882.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. VOuChers: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37790); Caetano & Lenz 62 (FURB).

Platyrhiza Barb.Rodr.

Platyrhizaquadricolor Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid.

2: 231. 1882 (Fig. 9).* Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 39735). platystele Schltr.

Platysteleoxyglossa (Schltr.) Garay, Orquideología 9(2): 120. 1974.

Pleurothallisoxyglossa Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 354. 1912.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest interior. VOuChers: Schmitt et al. 1812 (FURB); Caetano s.n. (FURB 38754).

Polystachya Hook.

Polystachyaconcreta (Jacq.) Garay & H.R.Sweet, Orquideología 9(3): 206. 1974.

Epidendrumconcretum Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl.: 30. 1760.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37806). prescottia Lindl.

Prescottiadensiflora (Brongn.) Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6: 53. 1840 (Fig. 9).*

Decaisneadensiflora Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan.: 192. 1829.

Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; forest edge. Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 39734).

Prescottiastachyodes (Sw.) Lindl., Edwards’s Bot.

Reg. 22: t. 1915. 1836.

Cranichisstachyodes Sw., Prodr.: 120. 1788.

Prescottiacolorans Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 22: t. 1915. 1836.

Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; forest interior, forest edge (top of hill).

VOuChers: Caetano 1 (FURB); Caetano 38 (FURB).

Promenaea Lindl.

Promenaearollissonii (Lindl.) Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 29(Misc.): 13. 1843 (Fig. 9).*Maxillariarollissonii Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 23: t. 1986. 1837.

Zygopetalumrollissonii (Lindl.) Rchb.f. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 6(5): 659. 1863.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. Voucher: Caetano 63 (FURB).

Prosthechea Knowles & Westc.

Prosthecheabulbosa (Vell.) W.E.Higgins, Phytologia 82(5): 377. 1998 (“1997”).

Epidendrumbulbosum Vell., Fl. Flumin. Icon. 9: t. 11. 1831.

Encycliabulbosa (Vell.) Pabst, Orquídea (Rio de Janeiro) 29(6): 276. 1972.

Anacheiliumbulbosum (Vell.) Withner & P.A.Harding, Cattleyas & Relatives: Debatable Epidendrums: 54. 2004.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior, anthropic area (pasture).

VOuChers: Korte & Kniess 2110 (FURB); Caetano & Schlemper 197 (spirit, FURB). Prosthecheaglumacea (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins,

Phytologia 82(5): 378. 1998 (“1997”) (Fig. 9).

Epidendrumglumaceum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): 38. 1839.

Hormidiumglumaceum (Lindl.) Brieger, Publ. Ci. Inst. Genét. Esc. Super. Agric. Luiz de Queiroz 1: 19. 1960.

Encycliaglumacea (Lindl.) Pabst, Orquídea (Rio de Janeiro) 29(6): 276. 1972.

Anacheiliumglumaceum (Lindl.) Pabst, Moutinho & A.V.Pinto, Bradea 3(23): 183. 1981. Epidendrumalmasyi Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s. 2: 84. 1947.

Hormidiumalmasyi (Lindl.) Brieger, Publ. Ci. Inst. Genét. Esc. Super. Agric. Luiz de Queiroz 1: 19. 1960. Encycliaalmasii (Lindl.) Pabst, Orquídea (Rio de Janeiro) 29(6): 276. 1972.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. VOuChers: Klein & Bresolin 10888 (FLOR, ICN); Caetano s.n. (FURB 40571).

Prosthecheavespa (Vell.) W.E.Higgins, Phytologia 82(5): 381. 1998 (“1997”).*

Epidendrumvespa Vell., Fl. Flumin. Icon. 9: t. 27. 1831.

Encycliavespa (Vell.) Dressler, Phytologia 21(7): 441. 1971.

Anacheiliumvespa (Vell.) Pabst, Moutinho & A.V.Pinto, Bradea 3(23): 184. 1981.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior. Voucher: Caetano 216 (spirit, FURB). psilochilus Barb.Rodr.

Psilochilusmodestus Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 273. 1882.

Pogoniamodesta (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 133. 1893.

Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano & Almeida 223 (spirit, FURB).

Rodriguezia Ruiz & Pav.

Rodrigueziabracteata (Vell.) Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s. 2: 143. 1952.*Epidendrumbracteatum Vell., Fl. Flumin. Icon. 9: t. 16. 1831.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano 209 (spirit, FURB).

Rodrigueziadecora (Lem.) Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 771. 1852.

Burlingtoniadecora Lem., Jard. Fleur. 2(Misc.):

96. 1852.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 15 (FURB).

Sacoila Raf.

Sacoilalanceolata (Aubl.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 28(4): 352. 9182 (“1980”).

Limodorumlanceolatum Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 821. 1775.

Neottialanceolata (Aubl.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 4(1): 73. 1805.

Stenorrhynchoslanceolatum (Aubl.) Rich., De Orchid. Eur.: 37. 1817.

Spirantheslanceolata (Aubl.) León, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio “De La Salle” 8: 358. 1946.

Serapiascoccinea Vell., Fl. Flumin. 9: t. 48. 1831.

Stenorrhynchoscoccineum (Vell.) Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s. 2: 146. 1952.

Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; open area (forest regeneration).

Voucher: Caetano & Schlemper 41 (FURB). sauroglossum Lindl.

Sauroglossumelatum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 19:

t. 1618. 1833 (Fig. 9).

Habit and Habitat: Terrestrial; forest interior. Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 38761). scaphyglottis Poepp. & Endl.

Scaphyglottismodesta (Rchb.f.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 46. 1926 (Fig. 9).

Tetragamestusmodestus Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2(2):

21. 1854.

Poneramodesta (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 85. 1876. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 36927). specklinia Lindl.

Speckliniagrobyi (Bateman ex Lindl.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 10: 110. 1984 (Fig. 9).

Pleurothallisgrobyi Bateman ex Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 21: t. 1797. 1835.

Humboltiagrobyi (Bateman ex Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 667. 1891.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior, riparian forest.

VOuChers: Bresolin 666 (CGMS, FLOR); Korte & Kniess 2115 (FURB); Schmitt et al. 1743 (FURB); Caetano 178 (spirit, FURB).

Stanhopea J.Frost ex Hook.

Stanhopealietzei (Regel) Schltr., Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 264. 1926.*

Stanhopeagraveolens var. lietzei Regel, Gartenflora 40(8): 201. 1891.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. Voucher: Caetano 191 (spirit, FURB).

Stelis Sw.

Stelisargentata Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 28(Misc.):

64. 1842.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 180 (spirit, FURB).

Stelisciliaris Lindl., Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 353. 1837. [Ignowski et al. 2015].

Apatostelisciliaris (Lindl.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 27(7-9): 188. 1979.

Stelisleinigii Pabst, Orquídea (Rio de Janeiro) 29:

7. 1967.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. VOuChers: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37339); Caetano 22 (FURB).

Stelisderegularis Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 94. 1882.

Physosiphonderegularis (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3(4): 341. 1896.

Pseudostelisderegularis (Barb.Rodr.) Schltr., Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan, Secç. Bot. 1(4): 38. 1922. Pleurothallisderegularis (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Selbyana 2(4): 385. 1978.

Physosiphonspiralis Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 21: t. 1797. 1835.

Pseudostelisspiralis (Lindl.) Schltr., Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan, Secç. Bot. 1(4): 38. 1922.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (urban area).

Voucher: Caetano 13 (FURB).

Stelisintermedia Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 46. 1836. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

Voucher: Schmitt et al. 1774 (FURB).

Stelismegantha Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 2: 83. 1881 (Fig. 9).*

Stelismacrochlamys Hoehne & Schltr., Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 204. 1926.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano & Henschel 40 (FURB).

Stelismontserratii (Porsch) Karremans, Lankesteriana 13(3): 329. 2014. [Karremans 2014] (Fig. 9).

Pleurothallismontserratii Porsch, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 55: 158. 1905.

Pleurothallisrubens Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 21: t. 1797. 1835.

Humboltiarubens (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891.

Speckliniarubens (Lindl.) F.Barros, Hoehnea 10: 110. 1984.

Anathallisrubens (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 250. 2001.

Stelisneorubens Chiron, Phytotaxa 46: 55. 2012. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 186 (spirit, FURB).

Stelispapaquerensis Rchb.f., Linnaea 22: 822. 1850 (Fig. 9).

Stelisporschiana Schltr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 270. 1917.

Stelisinaequisepala Hoehne & Schltr., Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan, Secç. Bot. 1(2): 30. 1921. Stelisjuergensii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 35: 49. 1925.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. VOuChers: Bresolin 662 (FLOR); Caetano 34 (FURB).

Stelissclerophylla (Lindl.) Karremans, Lankesteriana 13(3): 330. 2014 (Fig. 9).

Pleurothallissclerophylla Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 21: t. 1797. 1835.

Humboltiasclerophylla (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891.

Anathallissclerophylla (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 250. 2001.

Speckliniasclerophylla (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263. 2004. Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. Voucher: Caetano 66 (FURB).

Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.

Trichocentrumpumilum (Lindl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Lindleyana 16(2): 138. 2001.

Oncidiumpumilum Lindl., Bot. Reg. 11: t. 920. 1825. Lophiarispumila (Lindl.) Braem, Schlechteriana 4(1-2): 21. 1993.

Lophiarellapumila (Lindl.) Szlach., Mytnik & Romowicz, Polish Bot. J. 51(1): 54. 2006.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; anthropic area (pasture).

Voucher: Caetano 182 (spirit, FURB). trichosalpinx Luer

Trichosalpinxmontana (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Phytologia 54(5): 396. 1983.*

Lepanthesmontana Barb.Rodr., Gen. Spec. Orchid. 1: 22. 1877.

Pleurothallislepanthipoda Hoehne & Schltr., Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 218. 1926.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

Voucher: Caetano 214 (spirit, FURB).

Trizeuxis Lindl.

Trizeuxisfalcata Lindl., Coll. Bot.: t. 2. 1821.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior, forest edge.

VOuChers: Caetano 4 (FURB); Caetano s.n.

(FURB 36630).

Warmingia Rchb.f.

Warmingiaeugenii Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamburg.: 87. 1881 (Fig. 9). Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 14 (FURB).

Xylobium Lindl.

Xylobiumvariegatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay & Dunst., Venez. Orchids Ill. 2: 342. 1961 (Fig. 9).

Maxillariavariegata Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1: 222. 1798.

Dendrobiumvariegatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(2): 524. 1807.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano 79 (FURB).

Zootrophion Luer

Zootrophionatropurpureum (Lindl.) Luer, Selbyana 7(1): 80. 1982 (Fig. 9).

Speckliniaatropurpurea Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 21: t. 1797. 1835.

Pleurothallisatropurpurea (Lindl.) Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 28(Misc.): 81. 1842. Cryptophoranthusatropurpureus (Lindl.) Rolfe, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 2: 693. 1887.

Humboltiaatropurpurea (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 667. 1891.

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest. Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37960).

Zygopetalum Hook.

Zygopetalumcrinitum G.Lodd., Bot. Cab. 17: t. 1687.

1831.* Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior.

VOuChers: Schmitt et al. 526 (FURB, UPCB).

Zygopetalummaxillare G.Lodd., Bot. Cab. 18: t. 1776. 1832 (Fig. 9).

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; forest interior (riparian forest).

Voucher: Caetano & Schlemper 24 (FURB).

Zygostates Lindl.

Zygostatespellucida Rchb.f. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 6(4): 564. 1863.*

Habit and Habitat: Epiphyte; riparian forest.

Voucher: Caetano s.n. (FURB 37914).

Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Fabio de Barros (IBt) for the identification of some species, Dr Eric C. Smidt (UFPR) for taxonomic information on Stelis, and Dr Climbiê F. Hall (MPEG) for suggestions and review the English text. LRSG thanks the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, process 2010/16353-1) for the assistance in the field incursions.

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Author notes

*Correspondence author: leo.rsguimaraes@hotmail.com

IR