Taxonomic Composition of Iris Subser. Chrysographes (Iridaceae) Inferred from Chloroplast DNA and Morphological Analyses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Samples, DNA Extraction, and Sequencing
2.2. Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Analyses
2.3. Morphological Data
2.4. Morphometric Analysis
2.5. Taxonomy and Distribution
3. Results
3.1. Genetic Divergence of Chloroplast Non-Coding Sequences within Iris Subser. Chrysographes
3.2. Morphological Study
4. Discussion
5. Taxonomic Treatment
5.1. The List of Taxa
5.2. The Key
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Code (Haplotype) | Locality (Voucher *) | GenBank Accession Numbers trnH–psbA/rps4–trnS/trnS–trnG/trnL–trnF |
---|---|---|
I. ser. Sibiricae subser. Chrysographes | ||
I. bulleyana | ||
ZHO (C1) | China, Yunnan, Zhongdian, M.G. Pimenov et al. 432 (MW) | LT627895/LT628011/LT628021/LT628001 |
SYB (C1) | China, Yunnan, Diqing, Beima Shan, AGS Expedition 866 (E) | LT978551/LT981293/LT984443/LT984476 |
SYG (C1) | China, Yunnan, Zhongdian, Geza, AGS Expedition 509 (E) | LT978550/LT981292/LT984442/LT984475 |
SYT (C1) | China, Yunnan, Zhongdian, Geza, Xiaoxue Shan, AGS Expedition 1890 (E, cult.) | LT978549/LT981291/LT984441/LT984474 |
YDB (C1) | China, Yunnan, Bai Ma Shan, B. Alden et al. 1028 (E, cult.) | LR597324/LR597340/LR597356/LR597372 |
YDZ (C1) | China, Yunnan, Zhongdian, E.J. Cowley 279 (Kew No. 1990-3337) | LR597325/LR597341/LR597357/LR597373 |
SDJ (C5) | China, Sichuan, Daocheng, Sichuan Expedition 273 (E) | LR597326/LR597342/LR597358/LR597374 |
SDW (C6) | China, Sichuan, Daocheng, D.E. Boufford et al. 28151 (E, cult.) | LR597327/LR597343/LR597359/LR597375 |
I. forrestii | ||
SYL (C4) | China, Yunnan, Lijiang, Yulong Xueshan, P. Cox et al. 2633 (E, cult.) | LT978553/LT981295/LT984445/LT984478 |
K389 (C3) | Origin unknown (Kew No. 2015-389) | LR597332/LR597348/LR597364/LR597380 |
I. chrysographes | ||
SJT (C2) | China, Sichuan, Jiulong, Sichuan Expedition 331 (E) | LR597328/LR597344/LR597360/LR597376 |
SZK (C2) | China, Sichuan, Erskine et al. 364 (Kew No. 1988-4993) | LR597329/LR597345/LR597361/LR597377 |
K6007 (C2) | Origin unknown (Kew No. 1969-6007) | LR597331/LR597347/LR597363/LR597379 |
RUB (C2) | Cultivar ”Rubella” (Kew No. 1949-59002) | LR597330/LR597346/LR597362/LR597378 |
I. delavayi | ||
SYD (C7) | China, Yunnan, Dali Xian, Yinglofen, Sino-Amer. Bot. Expedition 959 (MHA) | LT978552/LT981294/LT984444/LT984477 |
YTH (C7) | China, Yunnan, Tsang Shan, Little Huadianba, s.coll. 1561 (E, cult.) | LR597333/LR597349/LR597365/LR597381 |
YHC (C7) | China, Yunnan, Huadianba, Cang Shan Range, Brickell & Leslie 12617 (Kew No. 1988-863) | LR597334/LR597350/LR597366/LR597382 |
YDH (C7) | China, Yunnan, Tsang Shan, Huadianba, E.J. Cowley 1399 (Kew No. 1990-3528) | LR597335/LR597351/LR597367/LR597383 |
YLH (C7) | China, Yunnan, Tsang Shan, Little Huadianba, E.J. Cowley 1561 (Kew No. 1990-3549) | LR597336/LR597352/LR597368/LR597384 |
I. wilsonii | ||
YLZ (C11) | China, Yunnan, Little Zhongdian, E.J. Cowley 566 (Kew No. 1990-3457) | LR597339/LR597355/LR597371/LR597387 |
DAL2 (C12) | China, Sichuan, Daliang, s.coll. 1229 (E) | LT978548/LT981290/LT984440/LT984473 |
I. clarkei | ||
SXG (C8) | China, Tibet, Gongbogyamda, F. Ludlow et al. 14065 (E, cult.) | LT978546/LT981288/LT984438/LT984471 |
TNS (C9) | China, Xizang, Erskine et al. 52 (Kew No. 1996-245) | LR597337/LR597353/LR597369/LR597385 |
SLK (C9) | Ladakh, Kargil, C.A. Chadwell 82 (E, cult.) | LT978547/LT981289/LT984439/LT984472 |
NTP (C10) | Nepal, Trogsindho Pass, E.F. Needham 674 (E, cult.) | LR597338/LR597354/LR597370/LR597386 |
I. ser. Sibiricae subser. Sibiricae I. sibirica | ||
(H1) | Mongolia, Dornod, Bayan-Uul, Gubanov 550 (MW) | LT978556/LT981298/LT984448/LT984480 |
(H2) | Russia, Primorsky Krai, Khankaysky District, Il’inka, Pshennikova s.n. (VBGI) | LT978530/LT981272/LT984422/LT984455 |
(H3) | Russia, Primorsky Krai, Pokrovka, Denisova & Talovskaya s.n. (VBGI) | LT978532/LT981274/LT984424/LT984457 |
(H4) | Armenia, Lori, Tamanyan & al. 07-1189 (ERE) | LT978527/LT981269/LT984419/LT984452 |
(H5) | Russia, Sebezhsky District, Konechnaya s.n. (LE) | LT978538/LT981280/LT984430/LT984463 |
(H6) | Russia, Leningrad Oblast, near Vyborg, Boltenkov s.n. (LE) | LT978545/LT981287/LT984437/LT984470 |
(H7) | Russia, Setun River, Nasimovitch & Shchukin s.n. (MHA) | LT978541/LT981283/LT984433/LT984466 |
(H8) | Georgia, Borjomi, Merello s.n. (LE) | LT978543/LT981285/LT984435/LT984468 |
Outgroup specimens | ||
I. ser. Laevigatae | ||
I. ensata | Russia, Primorsky Krai, Zarubino, Boltenkov s.n. (VBGI) | LT628002/LT628022/LT628012/LT627896 |
I. laevigata | Russia, Primorsky Krai, Roshchino, Pshennikova s.n. ( VBGI) | LT628003/LT628024/LT628013/LT627897 |
I. pseudacorus | Russia, Vladivostok, Boltenkov s.n. (VBGI) | LT628004/LT628025/LT628014/LT627898 |
I. ser. Lacteae | ||
I. lactea | Russia, Zabaykalsky Krai, Kharanor, Chernova s.n. (IRK) | LT627854/LN871708/LN871662/LN871625 |
I. oxypetala | China, Shaanxi, Suyde, Kabanov s.n. (LE) | LT627844/LT627950/LT627975/LT627911 |
I.tibetica | China, Qinghai, Xining to Ta Er, Long et al. 3 (E) | LT627893/LT627939/LT627998/LT627933 |
I. ser. Ruthenicae | ||
I. uniflora | Russia, Primorsky Krai, Anisimovka, Orlovskaya s.n. (VBGI) | LT627832/LN871684/LN871640/LN871604 |
I. uniflora | Russia, Zabaykalsky Krai, Kyrinsky District, Vologdina s.n. (VBGI) | LT628008/LT628029/LT628018/LT627902 |
I. subgen. Pardanthopsis | ||
I.dichotoma | Russia, Amur Oblast, Baranova s.n. (LE) | LT978555/LT981297/LT984447/LT984483 |
No. | Character | Code * | Description/Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Rosette leaf length | LL | Measured from the base to the apex of the longest central leaf in a rosette |
2 | Rosette leaf width | LW | Measured at the broadest part of the widest rosette leaf |
3 | Flowering stem height | SH | Measured from the base of flowering stem to the base of outer bract |
4 | Flowering stem structure | – | Internal structure of flowering stem according to the literature data |
5 | Flowering stem branching | IS | Classified as unbranched (designated as 1; see Table S1), 1-branched (2), and 2-branched (3) inflorescence |
6 | Number of flowers | NF | Flowers per stem |
7 | Number of cauline leaves | NC | Leaves on the flowering stem nodes |
8 | Cauline leaf length | CL | Measured from the base to the apex of the upper cauline leaf |
9 | Bract length | BL | Measured from the base to the apex of outer bract |
10 | Pedicel length | PL | Measured from the base of terminal head to the ovary base of the first blooming flower |
11 | Tube length | TL | Measured from the ovary apex to the base of falls |
12 | Flower color | – | The basic flower color according to the literature data and herbarium labels |
13 | Falls ornamentation | – | Markings (lines and spots) on blades of outer perianth segments (falls), according to the literature data and herbarium labels |
14 | Standards arrangement | – | The spatial arrangement of the inner perianth segments (standards), according to the literature data |
15 | Fruit length | FL | Obtained for the first fruit of terminal head from specimens at fruiting (designated as “[fr.]”; see Annex 1) |
16 | Fruit shape | – | Obtained from specimens at fruiting |
Character | I. sibirica * | I. clarkei | I. delavayi | I. wilsonii | I. forrestii | I. bulleyana | I. chrysographes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rosette leaf length | 24–99 | 41–76 | 24–66 | 22–72 | 11–63 | 12–56 | 16–58 |
Rosette leaf width | 0.2–1.1 | 0.8–1.4 | 0.6–1.5 | 0.4–1.1 | 0.2–0.9 | 0.2–1.1 | 0.2–1.1 |
Flowering stem height | 22–99 | 17–84 | 21–114 | 17–70 | 4–58 | 5–73 | 9–68 |
Flowering stem structure | Hollow | Solid (narrow central hollow?) | Hollow | Hollow | Hollow | Hollow | Hollow |
Flowering stem branching | 0–1 | 0–2 | 1 | 0(1?) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Number of flowers | 1–6 | 2–5 | 2–3 | 1–2(3?) | 1–2 | 1–2 | 1–2 |
Number of cauline leaves | (0)1–2(3) | 2–4 | 1–5 | 1–2 | (0)1–2(3) | (0)1–2(3) | (0)1–2(3) |
Cauline leaf length | 4–25 | 7–13 | 7–19 | 10–39 | 6–25 | 6–23 | 7–25 |
Bract length | 2–6(7) | 6–9 | 6–10 | 6–11 | 3–8 | 4–13 | 5–13 |
Pedicel length | 0.4–6 | 3–10 | 2–10 | 3–11 | 1.5–8 | 1.2–8 | 1.3–9 |
Tube length | ≤0.5 | 1.1–1.8 | 1.1–1.8 | 1.1–1.9 | 1–1.8 | 1–2.1 | 1–2.2 |
Flower color | Blue to violet | Deep blue to violet blue | Light to dark purple-blue | Pale yellow | Lemon-yellow | Pale blue to mauve and violet | Reddish violet to deep violet |
Falls ornamentation | White | Pale yellow at base; white | White at base | Purplish at base | Brownish-purple | White or yellow | Yellow |
Standards arrangement | Erect | Strongly inclined | Obliquely spreading | Nearly erect | Inclined at 45° | Inclined at 45° | Inclined at 45° |
Fruit length | 1.5–7.7 | 3–6 | 4.5–6 | 2.5–5 | 2–5 | 2–7 | 2.8–7 |
Fruit shape | Oblong ellipsoidal | Oblong ellipsoidal | Oblong cylindrical | Ellipsoidal | Ellipsoidal | Ellipsoidal | Ellipsoidal |
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Boltenkov, E.V.; Artyukova, E.V.; Trias-Blasi, A. Taxonomic Composition of Iris Subser. Chrysographes (Iridaceae) Inferred from Chloroplast DNA and Morphological Analyses. Plants 2021, 10, 2232. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112232
Boltenkov EV, Artyukova EV, Trias-Blasi A. Taxonomic Composition of Iris Subser. Chrysographes (Iridaceae) Inferred from Chloroplast DNA and Morphological Analyses. Plants. 2021; 10(11):2232. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112232
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoltenkov, Eugeny V., Elena V. Artyukova, and Anna Trias-Blasi. 2021. "Taxonomic Composition of Iris Subser. Chrysographes (Iridaceae) Inferred from Chloroplast DNA and Morphological Analyses" Plants 10, no. 11: 2232. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112232