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Nomenclature etc. SAPOTACEAE. + Manilkara celebica, M. fasciculata, M. hexandra, M. kanosensis. Trade and local names: sawo (ID); sawah (MY); duyok-duyok (PH); sner (PG); khayah rgn (MM). Not protected under CITES regulations.
Tree. Geographic distribution: Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Indomalesia, Pacific Islands.
General. Heartwood basically brown, red, purple. Sapwood colour distinct from heartwood colour. Density 0.9–1.15 g/cm³.
Vessels. Wood diffuse porous. Vessels arranged in a diagonal and/or radial pattern, in multiples, commonly in short (2–3 vessels) radial rows to in radial rows of 4 or more. Average tangential vessel diameter 60–150 µm. Average number of vessels/mm² 10–20–24. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate, average diameter (vertical) 3–7 µm. Vessel-ray pits with reduced borders or apparently simple, different from intervessel pits, rounded or angular or horizontal to vertical, of two distinct sizes or types in the same ray cell, predominantly restricted to marginal rows (rarely in procumbent cells). Tyloses present, thinwalled to sclerotic. Other deposits present.
Tracheids and fibres. Vascular or vasicentric tracheids sporadic to absent. Fibres very thick-walled. Average fibre length 1200–1900 µm. Fibre pits mainly restricted to radial walls, simple to minutely bordered.
Axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma banded or not banded. Axial parenchyma bands forming a reticulate pattern with rays. Bands fine, 4–8 per radial mm. Axial parenchyma apotracheal. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse, or diffuse-in-aggregates. Axial parenchyma as strands. Average number of cells per strand: 5–8(–12).
Rays. Rays 8–14 per tangential mm, multiseriate, (1–)2(–4) cells wide. Height of large rays up to 500 µm. Rays composed of two or more cell types (heterocellular). Heterocellular rays with square and upright cells restricted to marginal rows, mostly 2–4 marginal rows of upright or square cells.
Mineral inclusions. Crystals present, prismatic, located in rarely ray cells or axial parenchyma cells. Crystal-containing ray cells upright and/or square, upright and/or square ray cells chambered. Crystal-containing axial parenchyma cells chambered. Number of crystals per cell or chamber one. Silica present, as grains; in rays cells, in axial parenchyma.
Physical and chemical tests. Froth test positive.
Illustrations. • Transverse section. Manilkara kauki. • Tangential section. Manilkara kauki. • Radial section. Manilkara kauki.
The interactive key allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting specified attributes, summaries of attributes within groups of taxa, and geographical distribution.
Cite this publication as: ‘Richter, H.G., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2000 onwards. Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. In English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. Version: 9th April 2019. delta-intkey.com’.
