Phytotaxa 407 (1): 043–050 https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) Article PHYTOTAXA ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.407.1.7 Begonia ciliatifolia (Begoniaceae), a rare, critically endangered new species endemic from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil LUÍS ADRIANO FUNEZ1,* & JULIO CESAR JARAMILLO1 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Algas e Plantas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil * Author for correspondence. E-mail: lfunezz@gmail.com Abstract We describe here Begonia ciliatifolia, a new species from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. We treat the species as a member of Begonia sect. Pritzelia, and discuss its differences to related species. Due the species small area of occurrence and the very specific habitat, the new species is assessed as critically endangered according to IUCN criteria. Additionally, we present a distribution map, field photographs and a key to the species of Begonia with peltate leaves and corniculate fruits of South Region of Brazil. Key words: Atlantic Rainforest; Benedito Novo; Cucurbitales; narrow endemic species; threatened species Introduction Begonia Linné (1753: 1056) is one of the largest genera of vascular plants, which comprises >1900 species divided into 70 sections and having a pantropical distribution (Doorenbos et al. 1998, Shui et al. 2002, Forrest & Hollingsworth 2003). About >730 species of Begonia, or more than a third of species are found in tropical neotropics (GoodallCopestake et al. 2009 ). In Brazil there are 213 species of Begonia, of which 186 are endemic (Jacques et al. 2018). The first broad taxonomic treatment for Begonia in Brazil belongs from Flora Fluminensis (Vellozo 1831); later de Candolle (1861), Irmscher (1953) and Brade (1943, 1944, 1945a, 1945b, 1948, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1957, 1958a, 1958b, 1961, 1971), published several taxonomic accounts, describing species of Begonia from tropical South America, with an emphasis upon the Brazilian species. More recently, several taxonomical treatments have been published (Smith & Smith 1971; Jacques 1996, 2002; Jacques & Mamede 2005; Delfini 2009; Delfini & Souza 2016; Gregório et al. 2016; Kollmann & Peixoto 2014) and various new species have been described from the Atlantic Rainforest (Gregório et al. 2014, 2015; Jacques 2008; Jacques & Kollmann 2009; Jacques & Mamede 2004; Kollmann 2003, 2006, 2008, 2009; Kollmann & Fontana 2010; Kollmann & Peixoto 2012; Silva & Mamede 2000). During field expeditions, we collected an undescribed, narrow endemic species of Begonia from Santa Catarina State, in a mountainous area of the Vale do Itajaí region. We present and describe the newly-discovered species of Begonia, including detailed field photographs. We also assess its conservation status and provide a distribution map for the new species. Additionally, we provide here an identification key to the species of Begonia sect. Pritzelia with peltate leaves and corniculate fruits that occur in South Region of Brazil. Material and methods Field work was conducted in Santa Catarina state and in neighbouring areas of southern Brazil from 2008 to 2017. We studied Begonia specimens from the following herbaria: CRI, FLOR, FURB, HCB, HUCP, HUCS, HUEM, ICN, LUSC, JOI, MBM, MPUC, PACA, PEL, UPCB, and UPCB (acronyms according to Thiers 2018). The species is described following the terminology of Radford et al. (1976) and Doorenbos et al. (1998) and compared to morphologically similar species. The conservation status assessment followed the International Union for Conservation of Nature (2017) criteria. Accepted by Peter Moonlight: 3 Jan. 2019; published: 26 Jun. 2019 43 Taxonomy Begonia ciliatifolia Funez & J.C. Jaramillo, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2) Sect. Pritzelia Type:—BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Benedito Novo, Eremitério, 24 January 2017, L.A. Funez & G. Hassemer 5936 (holotype FURB 52435!). Diagnosis:—Begonia ciliatifolia differs from B. calvescens (Brade ex L.B. Sm. & R.C. Sm.) E.L. Jacques & Mamede by peltate, glabrous leaf blades with ciliate margins vs. basifixed, pilose leaf blades with entire margins in B. calvescens. FIGURE 1. Field photographs of Begonia ciliatifolia. A. Staminate flower. B. Pistillate flower. C. Leaf blade. D. Fruits. 44 • Phytotaxa 407 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FUNEZ & JARAMILLO FIGURE 2. Detailed photographs of Begonia ciliatifolia. A. Cross section of a mature capsule, showing the seeds and placentae. B. Abaxial surface of a leaf blade, showing the ciliate margin. BEGONIA CILIATIFOLIA (BEGONIACEAE) Phytotaxa 407 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press • 45 Description:—Herbs rupicolous, prostrate, 14–30 cm high. Stems 0.5–1 cm diam., internodes 1.0–5.7 cm long, green, succulent, glabrous, striate when dry. Stipules persistent, 2.3–3.0 × 1.4–0.8 cm, ovate, apex obtuse, mucronate, margin entire, membranaceous when dry. Petioles 16–26 cm long, green, glabrous. Leaf blades 8.0–17.8 × 5.5–11.7 cm, discolor, asymmetrical, ovate, green, apex acute, base peltate, very rare basifixed, cordate, margin ciliate, 8–11 veins at base, glabrous. Inflorescences composed by 2–4-dichotomous cymes, 25–36.6 cm long, green, glabrous; bracts persistent or deciduous, ca. 9–22 × 6–12 mm, ovate, apex obtuse, glabrous, margin fimbriate. Staminate flowers: pedicels 6–9 mm long, white, glabrous; 2-out tepals, ca. 1.4–1.8 ×1.6–2.3 cm, white, ovate, apex rounded, margins entire, internally glabrous, externally sparsely pilose; 2-inner tepals, 13–16 × 8–9 mm, white, elliptic, apex rounded, margins entire, glabrous; stamens ca. 21–32, yellow, filaments 0.8 mm long, anthers ca. 2 mm long, rimose, oblong, connective projecting, apex obtuse to rounded. Pistillate flowers: pedicels 5–6 mm long, white, glabrous; prophyles 2, 6–7 × 3–4 mm, hyaline to greenish, triangulate, margin fimbriate, apex acute; 2-out tepals, 6–11 × 7–9 mm, white, elliptical, apex rounded, glabrous; 3-inner tepals, 8–10 × 6 mm, white, subequal, orbicular, apex rounded; ovary 4–5 × 5–6 mm, 3 equal wings ca. 1.5 mm high, ascendant, apex acute, covered with hyaline deltoid projections, 3 locular, placentation axilar, placentae bilamellate, ovules on both sides of placentae; 3-styles, 3–3.5 mm, yellow, united at base, each bifurcate, entirely covered with stigmatic papillae. Fruits 5–8 × 8–10 mm, equal wings, corniculate. Seeds oblong to oboval, 0.5–0.6 mm, reticulate. Etymology:—The epithet is a reference to the remarkable ciliate margins of the glabrous leaf blades, characteristic of this species. Distribution and habitat:—Begonia ciliatifolia is only known for the type locality, a mountainous region about 750–900 m asl., comprising an area of ca. 7.3 ha, between Rodeio, Ascurra and Benedito Novo municipalities, in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil (Fig. 3). This species occurs in some rock outcrops, growing on humid soil or organic matter between rock crevices. (Fig. 4). FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Begonia ciliatifolia. 46 • Phytotaxa 407 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press FUNEZ & JARAMILLO FIGURE 4. Habit and habitat of Begonia ciliatifolia. BEGONIA CILIATIFOLIA (BEGONIACEAE) Phytotaxa 407 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press • 47 The presence and continued discovery of narrow endemic species in this region is remarkable, as exemplified by Siphocampylus baccae Funez & Hassemer (2016: 2044), Siphocampylus sevegnaniae Funez & Hassemer (2016: 248), Phyllanthus eremitus Funez & Hassemer (2017: 149), and Cleistes pallida Funez & Pansarin (2018: 62). Conservation status:—Critically endangered (CR–B1,2:a,b[iii,v]). The habitat of Begonia ciliatifolia is very restricted and specific. Although the rock outcrops where this species grows is inappropriate for agriculture, the surrounding areas are largely converted in silvicultural plantations. Notes:—According to (Doorenbos et al. 1998 and Moonlight et al. 2018), this species can be assigned to Begonia sect. Pritzelia (Klotzsch) A.DC., in common with similar species such as B. calvescens (Brade ex L.B. Sm. & R.C. Sm.) E.L. Jacques & Mamede (2004: 75); B. hilariana A.DC. (1859: 125) and B. scharffii Hooker. J.D. (1888: 7028). This species resembles to Begonia calvescens, B. scharffii and B. hilariana in its habit, the ovate leaf form, the staminate flower ornamentation, and the fruit type. However, it is easy to distinguish B. cilatifolia from these species, because B. ciliatifolia has petioles lacking ornamentation and generally peltate leaf blades, leaf blades and petioles glabrous and margins notoriously ciliate vs. basifixed leaf blades with various kinds of ornamentation in the previously mentioned species. Begonia ciliatifolia can also be contrasted whit B. pilgeriana Irmscher (1953: 66), B. camposportoana Brade (1954: 85) and B. biguassuensis Brade (1954: 84) due to the peltate leaf blades; however, these species can be easily distinguished from B. ciliatifolia by their erect habit, developed and long internodes, ovate to lanceolate leaf bladess and winged fruits vs. very short and reduced internodes, widely ovate leaf blades and horned fruits. Additional specimens examined:—BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Benedito Novo, Cruz de Pedra, 9 April 2018, L.A. Funez 7303 (Paratype FURB 60000!). Identification key to Begonia species with peltate leaves and corniculate fruits of the South Region of Brazil 1. – 2. – 3. – 4. – Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces .............................................................................................................................................. 2 Leaf blades pilose at least on one surface ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Petioles with scaly indumentum. Leaf blade not peltate, margins not ciliate ............................................................... B. squamipes Petioles glabrous. Leaf blades peltate, margins ciliate ............................................................. B. ciliatifolia Funez & J.C. Jaramillo Leaf blades densely pubescent on both surfaces .............................................................................................................. B. scharffii Leaf blades pubescent only on abaxial surface ................................................................................................................................ 4 Petioles with scaly trichomes 0.5−1.2 mm long, 2−5-branched, apex glandulose........................................................ B. calvescens Petioles with scaly trichomes ≤1−3 mm long, 2−3-branched, apex fimbriate ................................................................ B. hilariana References Brade, A.C. (1943) Begônias novas do Brasil. Arquivos do Serviço Florestal 2: 21–24. Brade, A.C. (1944) Begoniaceae do Herbário do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Botânica 1: 1–16. Brade, A.C. (1945a) Begônias novas do Brasil, III. Rodriguésia 9: 17–22. Brade, A.C. (1945b) Begônias novas do Brasil, IV. Rodriguésia 9: 23–33. Brade, A.C. (1948) Begônias novas do Brasil, V. Arquivos do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro 8: 227–238. Brade, A.C. 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