Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) R. Br. ex Vatke LAMIACEAE Rainer W. Bussmann, Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana, and Grace N. Njoroge Synonyms Cyclonema myricoides (Hochst.) Hochst.; Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) Steane & Mabb.; Siphonanthus myricoides (Hochst.) Hiern; Spironema myricoides (Hochst.) Local Names Clerodendrum myricoides: Kikuyu: Munjuga-Iriua, munjugu; Borana: Mara-sisa; Kamba: Mungaya, Muvweia; Kipsigis: Chesamisiet, Obetiot, Chemogong’; Luo: Shikuma, Kurgweno; Maa: Ol-magotogot; Tugen: Gobetie; Samburu: Makutikuti; Chagga: Mbale; Nyamwezi: Mpugambu; Hehe: Mupambaduma; Shambaa: Nunke; Acholi: Okwero; Luhya: Sikuma (Beentje 1994; Gachati 1989; Kokwaro 2009). R. W. Bussmann (*) Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia Saving Knowledge, La Paz, Bolivia e-mail: rainer.bussmann@iliauni.edu.ge N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia Saving Knowledge, La Paz, Bolivia Herbario Nacionál de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia G. N. Njoroge Department of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 R. W. Bussmann (ed.), Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Africa, Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38386-2_42 301 302 R. W. Bussmann et al. Botany and Ecology Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) R. Br. ex Vatke: Shrub up to 3 m tall, irregularly branched, or a small tree up to 10 m tall, older branches with rough deeply fissured bark, twigs pale brown, ridged or 4-angular, pithy in the center, glabrous to velvety hairy. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3–4, lamina 2–16 (19.5)  0.4–6 (10) cm, narrowly to broadly elliptic, ovate-elliptic or oblanceolate, oblong or obovate, usually small but in cultivation can attain large dimensions, acute to acuminate at the apex, cuneate to  attenuate at the base, entire to coarsely serrate, glabrous or pubescent to densely velvety hairy, glandular-punctate beneath,  sessile or petiole up to 15 mm long, with unpleasant smell when crushed. Flowers in fewseveral-flowered dichasial cymes arranged in unelaborated and lax to quite extensive and elongate panicles 6.5–15 (30) cm long, peduncles 0–7 cm long, secondary peduncles up to 4 cm long, apparent stalks 1–2.5 cm long but true pedicels 3–5 mm long. Calyx often entirely purplish or crimson-margined, glabrous to hairy, tube cupular, c. 2.5 mm long, lobes semicircular to ovate or triangular, 1.2–5 mm long, quite rounded, obtuse or acute. Corolla asymmetrical in bud expanding abruptly on anterior side, usually greenish with a white to pale blue to lilac limb, the median lobe dark blue, tube 5–7 mm long, pubescent at the throat, lobes unequal, (0.6) 1–1.9 (2) cm  (1.5) 3.5–7.5 mm, the upper obovate, the lower one spathulate and much larger than the other four. Stamens and style long-exserted and curving upwards. Fruit black, 5–6 mm  8–10 mm, subglobose, depressed, mostly deeply 4-lobed, glabrous (Paton et al. 2009). Characteristic species in dry, disturbed Afromontane forests (Bussmann 2002). Local Medicinal Uses Clerodendrum myricoides: Root decoction used as emetic to treat malaria and venereal diseases (Beentje 1994). Roots cooked in soup are used for chest pain, bronchitis, colds, and against bleeding gum. The root extract serves for indigestion, sore throat, syphilis, tonsillitis, malaria and rheumatism, for gonorrhea, and as purgative. Also used to treat mental illness, sterility, amoebas, as anthelminthic, and for AIDS. As enema, the decoction serves to treat constipation and impotence. The roots are eaten for skin complaints. The leaves are chewed and applied to mumps. Used for malaria, cold, polio, gonorrhea, strength, bone pain, and pneumonia (Bussmann 2006; Njoroge and Bussmann 2006a). The decoction also serves to treat sexually transmitted diseases and serves as aphrodisiac (Njoroge and Bussmann 2007). Clerodendron sp. is used for asthma, whooping cough, and bronchitis (Bussmann and Sharon 2006, 2015). Clerodendron chinense is applied in Indian traditional medicine (Reang et al. 2016), Clerodendron viscosum serves for pain and skin diseases (Raj et al. 2018). Clerodendron acutifolium and Clerodendron macrocalycinum are used in Madagascar for wound treatments (Rabearivony et al. 2015; Rakotoarivelo et al. 2013). Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) R. Br. ex Vatke 303 Local Handicraft and Other Uses Clerodendrum myricoides: Pounded roots are given to cattle to treat East Coast Fever (Kokwaro 2009). Eaten by animals and rarely by livestock and used as firewood (Bussmann 2006; Bussmann et al. 2011). Clerodendron johnstonii is used for weakness in cattle (Njoroge and Bussmann 2006b). References Beentje H. Kenya trees and shrubs. Nairobi: National Museums of Kenya; 1994. Bussmann RW. Islands in the desert – forest vegetation of Kenya’s smaller mountains and highland areas Nyiru, Ndoto, Kulal, Marsabit, Loroghi, Ndare, Mukogodo, Porror, Mathews, Gakoe, Imenti, Ngaia, Nyambeni, Loita, Nguruman, Nairobi. J East Afr Nat Hist. 2002;91(1/2):27–79. Appendices 1–7 at www.naturekenya.org/JournalEANH.htm. Bussmann RW. Ethnobotany of the Samburu of Mt. Nyiru, South Turkana, Kenya. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2006;2:35. Bussmann RW, Sharon D. Traditional plant use in Northern Peru: tracking two thousand years of healing culture. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2006;2:47. Bussmann RW, Sharon D. Medicinal plants of the Andes and the Amazon – the magic and medicinal flora of Northern Peru. St. Louis: William L. Brown Center, MBG; 2015. ISBN: 978-0-9960231-2-2. Bussmann RW, Swartzinsky P, Worede A, Evangelista P. Plant use in Odo-Bulu and Demaro, Bale region, Ethiopia. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2011;7:28. Gachati FN. Kikuyu botanical dictionary. Nairobi: AMREF; 1989. Kokwaro JO. Medicinal plants of East Africa. Nairobi: University of Nairobi Press; 2009. Njoroge GN, Bussmann RW. Phytotherapeutic management of diversity and utilization of antimalarial ethnophytotherapeutic remedies among the Kikuyus Central Kenya. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2006a;2:8. Njoroge GN, Bussmann RW. Herbal usage and informant consensus in ethnoveterinary management of cattle diseases among the Kikuyus Central Kenya. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006b;108:332–9. Njoroge GN, Bussmann RW. Ethnotherapeutic management of skin diseases among the Kikuyus of Central Kenya. 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