Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine (2019) 19:403–413
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-019-00361-5
RESEARCH ARTICLE
The aqueous extract of Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch effectively treat
induced anemia: experimental study on Wistar rats
Samaneh Goorani1 · Nabi Shariatifar2,3 · Niloofar Seydi4 · Akram Zangeneh4,5 · Rohallah Moradi5 · Behzad Tari4 ·
Farzaneh Nazari6 · Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh4,5
Received: 3 September 2018 / Accepted: 10 January 2019 / Published online: 14 February 2019
© Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University 2019
Abstract
There are many medicinal plants in traditional medicine which are used to prevent, control, and treat anemia. One of these
plants is Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch. The purpose of our research was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of A.
saralicum leaf in the treatment of hemolytic anemia. In this study, 60 rats were used. Induction of hemolytic anemia was
done by three injections of Phenylhydrazine in 50 animals. Then, the rats were divided into six subgroups, including negative healthy control, untreated negative control, and four groups receiving the A. saralicum at 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg
concentrations. At the end of day 15 of treatment, the animals of all groups were weight and then sacrificed. The blood,
liver and spleen samples were drawn immediately to analyze the hematological, biochemical and histological parameters.
All groups of A. saralicum (especially AS200) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the raised concentrations of Fe, ferritin,
erythropoietin, ALP, AST, ALT, GGT, cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, total and conjugated bilirubin, urea, and creatinine
and increased the levels of body weight, HDL, total protein, albumin, WBC, lymphocyte, monocytes, platelet, RBC, Hb,
PCV, MCV, MCH, and MCHC as compared to the untreated group. Also, A. saralicum at all doses prevented pathological
changes in the liver and spleen. In conclusion, because of aqueous extract of A. saralicum leaf anti-anemic property, it can
be used as a medical supplement or drug.
Keywords Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch · Aqueous extract · Anti-anemic · Phenylhydrazine
Introduction
Blood disorders are one of the most important systemic
disorders that cause many deaths each year. Anemia is a
common blood disorder in which there are no sufficient red
* Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh
m.mehdizangeneh@yahoo.com
1
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Environmental Health, School of Public
Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Halal Research Center of IRI.FDA.MOH, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
5
Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam
University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
6
Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch,
Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
blood cells or hemoglobin. One kind of anemia is hemolytic anemia. It is caused by hemolysis (destruction of red
blood cells) (Qaseem et al. 2013). The common causes of
hemolytic anemia are enlarged spleen, hepatitis, EpsteinBarr virus, typhoid fever, E. coli toxin, leukemia, lymphoma, tumors, lupus and etc (Sato et al. 2012). The most
usual symptoms of hemolytic anemia include weakness,
irregular or fast heartbeat, lightheadedness or mild vertigo,
pale mucosal membrane and pale skin and nail bed, short
nail, chest pain, numbness or coldness of the extremities,
and headache (Telford et al. 2003). Hemolytic anemia is
usually followed by raised bilirubin and hematopoiesis in
bone marrow and jaundice, due to hemolysis (Telford et al.
2003). Use of ethno medicinal plants along with chemical
drugs has always been taken into account for prevention,
control, and treatment of hemolytic anemia (Zangeneh et al.
2018b; Boretti et al. 2009; Holley and Patel 2005; McKie
et al. 2004). Use of plants to treat diseases has a history
longer than human history (Han 2000; Farzaei et al. 2018;
Hamelian et al. 2018; Sayyedrostami et al. 2018; Zhaleh
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
404
et al. 2018). Plants do not have or have fewer side effects
like those of chemical drugs. In Iranian traditional medicine, there are many plants for prevention, control, and treatment of hemolytic anemia. A list of these plants with their
family are given below; Ananas comosus (Bromeliaceae),
Allium sativum (Alliaceae), Centaurea cyanus (Asteraceae),
Brassica rapa (Brassicaceae), Citrus latifolia (Rutaceae),
Cucumis melo (Cucurbitaceae), Cucumis melo var.inodorus (Cucurbitaceae), Ficus carica (Moracee), Daucus
carota (Apiaceae), Matricaria chamomilla (Asteraceae),
Foeniculum vulgare (Apiaceae), Petroselinum crispum
(Apiaceae), Oriyganum vulgare (Lamiaceae), Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae), Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae), Prunus
armeniaca (Rosaceae), Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae),
Rheum officinale (Polygonaceae), Solanum tuberosum L.
(Solanaccae), Solanum lycopersicum (Solanaceae), Spinacia
oleracea L. (Chenopdiaceae), Urtica dioica (Urticaceae),
and Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) (Cheraghi and AsadiSamani 2016). One of the most important herbal medicines
which are widely used for the treatment of blood disorders
is Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch from Plantae kingdom,
Liliopsida class, Asparagales order, Amaryllidaceae family, and Allium genus (Sherkatolabbasieh et al. 2017). It is
widely distributed in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. A. saralicum is a
good source of low-cost food and is a perfect part of Iranian
diet (Zangeneh et al. 2018a). It has been used for its antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, immunostimulatory,
nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-hyperlipidemic
effects (Sherkatolabbasieh et al. 2017; Goodarzi et al. 2017,
2018; Zangeneh et al. 2018a). A. saralicum has a long history of use in Iranian traditional medicine for treatment of
hemolytic anemia (Zangeneh et al. 2018c). The high prevalence of hemolytic anemia in the whole world has drawn the
attention of researchers to finding preventive and remedial
methods to control this disease. In this regard, we attempted
to study the potential of aqueous extract of A. saralicum leaf
on the treatment of hemolytic anemia in rats.
Materials and methods
Extract preparation method
The leaves of A. saralicum was collected from Kemanshah
city. For preparation of aqueous extract of A. saralicum,
200 g of leaves of A. saralicum were powdered and 200 g
of the powder was extracted by maceration at room temperature (24 ± 3 °C) using 1000 mL of distilled water as
solvent for 72 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated at
reduced pressure to yield residues of 18.6% based on the
dry plant material. The extract was stored at − 18 °C for
experimental procedure. The powder of the obtained extract
weighed as required depending on the dose and dissolved
13
S. Goorani et al.
in normal saline. It was then administered to the rats by the
oral catheter.
Experimental design
This experimental study was conducted on 60 Wistar male
rats with the weight of 210 ± 5 g that were kept in individual cages for 10 days to adapt to the environment. During
the experiments, the temperature of the animal house was
adjusted at 22 ± 3 °C under a 12 h dark/light cycle. To induce
hemolytic anemia, to all animals, except of negative healthy
control, were injected intravenously (in the caudal vein) with
Phenylhydrazine 20 mg/kg at three various times (Days 1, 3
and 5). Then, the animals were divided into six subgroups,
including negative healthy control receiving distilled water,
the untreated negative control receiving distilled water, and
four groups receiving the A. saralicum aqueous extract at 25,
50, 100, and 200 mg/kg concentrations. One day after the
last injection of the Phenylhydrazine, the rats underwent oral
treatment of various doses of A. saralicum aqueous extract
for 15 days (Days 6–21). On the 21st, 2 h after oral administration of various doses of A. saralicum aqueous extract,
the rats were weighted and then sacrificed (Lee et al. 2014).
Determination of hematological parameters
After scarification, blood samples were taken from the rats’
heart to analyze hematological parameters including white
blood cell (WBC), platelet, red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular
volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). For
determination of hematological parameters, we used from
Sysmex XP-300™ Automated Hematology Analyzer.
Determination of biochemical parameters
In our study, biochemical parameters including alkaline
phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST),
alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase
(GGT), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, total and conjugated
bilirubin, albumin, total protein, urea, creatinine, ferrous
(Fe), ferritin, and erythropoietin determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and Pars-Azmoon kits.
Liver and spleen histology
For histopathological evaluations, a small piece of liver and
spleen tissues were fixed with 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections (thickness of 5 µm) were
processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)
according to standard pathology laboratory procedures.
The aqueous extract of Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch effectively treat induced anemia:…
Stained liver and spleen slices were evaluated under light
microscopy.
405
All data were analyzed by SPSS-21 software using one-way
ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test. Data were considered
statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.
in the untreated group. The treatment with A. saralicum
leaf aqueous extract significantly (p ≤ 0.05) raised the
above parameters. No remarkable changes (p ≤ 0.05) were
observed among all groups in the percentages of neutrophil,
eosinophil, and basophil. There weren’t remarkable change
(p ≤ 0.05) in percentages of lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil among various doses of A.
saralicum and control group (Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9).
Results
Effects of A. saralicum leaf aqueous extract
on the concentrations of biochemical parameters
Statistical analysis
Effect of A. saralicum leaf aqueous extract on body
weight
Body weight reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in untreated
animals compared to the control ones (Fig. 1). Administration of A. saralicum leaf aqueous extract at all doses significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced body weight in comparison
with the untreated group. There were no remarkable changes
(p ≤ 0.05) among AS25, AS50, and AS100 groups. Among
the treatment groups, the best result was found on AS200.
In during of experiment, there wasn’t significant difference
(p ≤ 0.05) in the food intake of all groups.
Effect of A. saralicum leaf aqueous extract
on the concentrations of hematological parameters
The numbers of WBC, platelet, and RBC, the percentages of
lymphocyte and monocyte, and the levels of Hb, PCV, MCV,
MCH, and MCHC were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased
The results of the biochemical parameters are revealed in
Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17. Phenylhydrazineinduced toxicity reduced the concentrations of HDL, total
protein, and albumin, and enhanced Fe, ferritin, erythropoietin, ALP, AST, ALT, GGT, cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride,
total and conjugated bilirubin, urea, and creatinine significantly (p ≤ 0.05) as compared to the control group. Various doses of A. saralicum leaf aqueous extract significantly
(p ≤ 0.05) ameliorated above parameters as compared to the
untreated group. There weren’t remarkable change (p ≤ 0.05)
between AS200 and control groups in the concentrations of
LDL and HDL. Administration of AS100 and AS200 significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the levels of GGT and triglyceride similar to the control group. No remarkable changes
(p ≤ 0.05) were found among all groups of A. saralicum and
control group in the levels of total and conjugated bilirubin.
In general, among the treatment groups, the best result of
biochemical parameters was found on AS200.
C
C
U
AS25
AS50
AS100
U
AS25
AS50
AS100
AS200
AS200
10
250
9
a
b
c
d
Weight (g)
8
c
150
100
b
7
WBC (×109/L)
c
200
a
c
6
c
c
5
4
d
3
2
50
1
0
Treatment
0
Treatment
Fig. 1 The weight of the body in various groups. C Control, U
untreated, AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch. Non-like letters show a
remarkable change between the various groups (p ≤ 0.05)
Fig. 2 The number of WBC in various groups. C Control, U
untreated, AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch, WBC white blood
cell. Non-like letters show a remarkable change between the various
groups (p ≤ 0.05)
13
406
S. Goorani et al.
Fig. 3 The percent of lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil,
eosinophil, and basophil in
various groups. C Control, U
untreated, AS Allium saralicum
R.M. Fritsch. Non-like letters
show a remarkable change
between the various groups
(p ≤ 0.05)
C
50
a
U
AS25
AS50
AS100
AS200
a a a a
45
40
b
35
%
30
a a
25
a a
a a
a
a a a a
b
20
15
10
5
a a a a a a
a a a a a a
Eosinophils
Basophils
0
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Treatment
C
U
AS25
AS50
AS100
AS200
C
300
a
9
250
AS25
AS50
AS100
AS200
a
8
b
b
200
c
150
c
c
100
7
RBC (×1012/L)
Platelet (×109/L)
U
10
6
c
c
c
5
4
d
3
d
2
50
1
0
Treatment
Fig. 4 The number of platelet in various groups. C Control, U
untreated, AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch. Non-like letters show a
remarkable change between the various groups (p ≤ 0.05)
Effects of A. saralicum leaf aqueous extract
on the histological parameters
The histopathologic sections of the liver of the untreated
rats showed degenerative changes in the hepatocytes represented by disorganization of the hepatic cords, enlargement and congestion of the central veins with mild hepatocellular necrosis and the sinusoids were infiltrated by
mild nonspecific inflammatory cells. The hepatocytes of
the untreated rats showed morphological change such as
13
0
Treatment
Fig. 5 The number of RBC in various groups. C Control, U
untreated, AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch, RBC red blood cell.
Non-like letters show a remarkable change between the various
groups (p ≤ 0.05)
pyknosis, karyorrhexis, chromatolysis and cytoplasmic
vacuolization (Fig. 18). However, the liver of the treated rats
with A. saralicum leaf aqueous extract at all doses revealed
slight improvement in the structure of the hepatic tissue
compared to those of the untreated ones, except for a few
mildly degenerated hepatocytes around the central vein of
the A. saralicum treated rats which still had some cytoplasmic vacuoles, other hepatocytes and portal and sinusoidal
The aqueous extract of Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch effectively treat induced anemia:…
C
U
AS25
AS50
AS100
407
C
AS200
AS50
AS100
AS200
a
40
Concentration (g/dl)
a
b
40
PCV (%)
AS25
45
60
50
U
c
c
c
30
d
35
b
30
c
25
c
c
d
20
a
b
15
c
10
20
c
c
d
5
0
10
MCHC
Hb
Treatment
0
Treatment
Fig. 6 The level of PCV in various groups. C Control, U untreated,
AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch, PCV packed cell volume. Nonlike letters show a remarkable change between the various groups
(p ≤ 0.05)
Fig. 8 The levels of MCHC and Hb in various groups. C Control, U
untreated, AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch, MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, Hb hemoglobin. Non-like letters show
a remarkable change between the various groups (p ≤ 0.05)
C
C
90
U
AS25
AS50
AS100
35
a
80
c
d
MCH (pg)
MCV (fl)
50
c
AS50
AS100
AS200
a
b
30
b
70
60
AS25
40
AS200
c
U
c
25
20
c
c
d
15
40
30
10
20
5
10
0
Treatment
0
Treatment
Fig. 7 The level of MCV in various groups. C Control, U untreated,
AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch, MCV mean corpuscular volume.
Non-like letters show a remarkable change between the various
groups (p ≤ 0.05)
areas were almost normal (Fig. 18). The liver of the normal
control rats had normal structure.
The histopathology of the spleen associated with hemolytic anemia is shown in Fig. 19. There were no particular
Fig. 9 The level of MCH in various groups. C Control, U untreated,
AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch, MCH mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Non-like letters show a remarkable change between the various groups (p ≤ 0.05)
changes in the spleen of the control and A. saralicum
groups. In untreated group, congestion and enlargement of
spleen vessels, an excessive accumulation of RBCs resulting from the enhanced sequestration and phagocytosis of
them, was observed in the red pulp of spleen.
13
408
S. Goorani et al.
C
U
AS25
AS50
AS100
C
AS200
400
AS25
AS50
AS100
AS200
50
d
300
c
40
c
b
250
d
45
c
Erythropoietin (mU/ml)
350
Serum Fe (µg/dl)
U
a
200
150
100
c
c
35
30
c
b
a
25
20
15
10
50
5
0
0
Treatment
Treatment
Fig. 10 The level of serum Fe in various groups. C Control, U
untreated, AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch, Fe ferrous. Non-like letters show a remarkable change between the various groups (p ≤ 0.05)
C
U
450
AS25
AS50
AS100
AS200
d
Ferritin (µg/g protein)
400
c
350
c
300
c
b
250
a
200
150
100
50
0
Treatment
Fig. 11 The level of ferritin in various groups. C Control, U
untreated, AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch. Non-like letters show a
remarkable change between the various groups (p ≤ 0.05)
Discussion
Phenylhydrazine is toxic for the body and impairs various
tissues while entering the body (Sato et al. 2012). Studies
have revealed that Phenylhydrazine causes oxidative stress,
production of free radicals, lipid peroxidation, oxidative
13
Fig. 12 The level of erythropoietin in various groups. C Control, U
untreated, AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch. Non-like letters show a
remarkable change between the various groups (p ≤ 0.05)
degradation of spectrum cell membrane, and lysis of red
blood cells (Zangeneh et al. 2018c; Sato et al. 2012). It
indicated that Phenylhydrazine caused the conversion of
hemoglobin to methemoglobin, therefore it plays a major
role in forming the Hains bodies (McKie et al. 2004).
Studies have shown Phenylhydrazine, by increasing
hemolysis (increased the levels of ferrous, ferritin, and
erythropoietin), causes reduction of mean number of testicular sperms (through atrophy of testicular structure),
spleen enlargement and chronic failure (through hypertrophy of spleen cells), chronic and acute renal failure (by the
destruction of structures such as proximal and distal renal
cells), and liver enlargement and chronic failure (through
hypertrophy of liver cells) (Zangeneh et al. 2018c; Goorani et al. 2018; Shukla et al. 2012). In a study reported
that Phenylhydrazine with degenerating of proximal convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules, glomeruli, and
hepatocytes, increased the biochemical parameters of the
kidneys and liver in the blood. Also, in the previous study
revealed that Phenylhydrazine reduced body weight and
increased the weight and volume of the adrenal glands,
kidneys, liver, and spleen (Diallo et al. 2008; Ryu and
Yook 2001). According to the above studies, in our study
indicated that Phenylhydrazine significantly (p ≤ 0.05)
decreased the levels of body weight, total protein, albumin,
WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, platelet, RBC, Hb, PCV,
MCV, MCH, and MCHC, and enhanced the concentrations of ALP, AST, ALT, GGT, Fe, ferritin, erythropoietin,
The aqueous extract of Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch effectively treat induced anemia:…
C
U
AS25
AS50
AS100
AS200
600
d
500
Activity (IU/L)
Fig. 13 The levels of ALP,
AST, ALT, and GGT in
various groups. C Control, U
untreated, AS Allium saralicum
R.M. Fritsch, ALP alkaline
phosphatase, AST aspartate
aminotransferase, ALT alanine
aminotransferase, GGT gammaglutamyl transferase. Non-like
letters show a remarkable
change between the various
groups (p ≤ 0.05)
409
d
400
c c
c
300
b
c c c
b
a
200
a
d
100
c c c b
a
a c b b a a
0
ALP
AST
ALT
GGT
Treatment
C
12
U
AS25
AS50
AS100
AS200
d
10
Concentration (mmol/l)
Fig. 14 The levels of cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride in various groups. C
Control, U untreated, AS Allium
saralicum R.M. Fritsch, LDL
low-density lipoprotein, HDL
high-density lipoprotein. Nonlike letters show a remarkable
change between the various
groups (p ≤ 0.05)
c
c c
8
6
b
c
a
a
b b
b
a
4
a
a
b
b b
c
c
b b
2
a
a a
0
Cholestrol
LDL
HDL
Triglyceride
Treatment
cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, total and conjugated bilirubin, urea, and creatinine. Also, A. saralicum at all doses
inhibited pathological changes in the liver and spleen. In
spite of hematotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and splenotoxicity effects of Phenylhydrazine, the treatment with various
doses of aqueous extract of A. saralicum leaf significantly
(p ≤ 0.05) ameliorated the levels of above parameters. In
a study, A. saralicum decreased the raised volume of the
liver, hepatocytes, and sinusoids and also the levels of
hepatic biochemical parameters (ALP, ALT, and AST) as
compared to the CCl4-treated group (Goodarzi et al. 2017).
In other study indicated that A. saralicum had strong
nephroprotective effect against CCl 4, so that it reduced
the volume of kidneys and their subcomponents include
proximal convoluted tubules, vessels, and interstitial tissues in comparison with the untreated group. Also in the
previous study reported that A. saralicum with raising the
clearance rate of the kidney, decreased the concentrations
of urea and creatinine (Sherkatolabbasieh et al. 2017).
Of the herbs that are antioxidant, A. saralicum has strong
antioxidant property. In a study indicated that A. saralicum collected in Iran were rich in antioxidant compounds
13
410
S. Goorani et al.
C
U
AS25
AS50
AS100
C
AS200
10
9
a
7
c
6
c
Concentration (mg/dl)
Concentration (g/dl)
AS25
AS50
AS100
AS200
c
d
5
4
3
d
35
b
8
a
2
b
b
b
b
c
1
30
c
25
c
b
20
15
c
a
10
5
a
0
b
a
a
a
a
0
Total protein
Albumin
Urea
Treatment
C
0.9
U
AS25
AS50
AS100
AS200
b
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
a
a
a
a
a
0.4
0.3
b
0.2
a
a
0.1
a
a
a
0
Total bilirubin
Conjugated bilirubin
Treatment
Fig. 16 The levels of total and conjugated bilirubin in various groups.
C Control, U untreated, AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch. Nonlike letters show a remarkable change between the various groups
(p ≤ 0.05)
includes 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, hexanedioic
acid, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl, 2-hexadecene, n-ethyl-1,3-dithioisoindoline, eicosane, γ-tocopherol, hexatriacontane,
13
Creatinine
Treatment
Fig. 15 The levels of total protein and albumin in various groups. C
Control, U untreated, AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch. Non-like letters show a remarkable change between the various groups (p ≤ 0.05)
Concentration (mg/dl)
U
40
Fig. 17 The levels of urea and creatinine in various groups. C Control, U untreated, AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch. Non-like letters
show a remarkable change between the various groups (p ≤ 0.05)
n-tetracosane, ethanol, 2-tetradecyloxy, vitamin E, hexadecanoic acid, 2-phenyl-5-methylindole, neophytadiene, phytol, and especially linolenic acid, methyl ester (Goodarzi
et al. 2018). Antioxidants can play a key role in destruction of free radicals and toxic materials and maintenance of
hemostasis because free radicals interfere with biological
cell membrane such as red blood cells through peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and bring about pathological
changes (Onyeabo et al. 2017; Bjelakovic et al. 2004). In
study of Zangeneh et al. (2018c) revealed that the aqueous
extract of Allium eriophyllum Boiss leaf (Other specious of
Allium genus) had anti-anemic effect against phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia in Wistar male rats. In previous study, anti-anemic potential of Allium eriophyllum Boiss
related to the antioxidant compounds such as neophytadiene,
phytol, and especially linolenic acid, methyl ester. Hence,
it can be assumed that A. saralicum is rich of antioxidant
compounds especially linolenic acid, methyl ester and plays
a pivotal role in the prevention, control, and treatment of
several disorders such as hemolytic anemia by the destruction of free radicals.
The aqueous extract of Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch effectively treat induced anemia:…
411
Fig. 18 Longitudinal sections of liver images (scale bar for 150 µm) with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The arrows indicate the state of enlargement and congestion in central veins. C Control, U untreated, AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch
Fig. 19 Longitudinal sections of spleen images (scale bar for 60 µm) with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The arrow indicate the state of enlargement and congestion in vessels. C Control, U untreated, AS Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch
13
412
Conclusion
As shown in the findings, aqueous extract of A. saralicum
leaf improved the hematological, biochemical and histological parameters, and raise the decreased level of body weight
in Phenylhydrazine-induced anemic animals. It is offered
that clinical trials be conducted to achieve the remedial property in human.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the Kermanshah
University of Medical Sciences for the financial support.
Compliance with ethical standards
Ethical statement All institutional and national guidelines for the care
and use of laboratory animals were followed. All animal procedures
were approved by standards of Payame Noor University of Kermanshah-Iran (No. 01/Z/G 1395/12/01) on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, in accordance with the Research Ethics Committee of
the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran (adopted on April
17, 2006), based on the Helsinki Protocol (Helsinki, Finland, 1975).
Conflict of interest This manuscript described has not been published
before; not under consideration for publication anywhere else; and has
been approved by all co-authors.
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