S. BAGHERPOUR, F. CELEP, A. KAHRAMAN, M. DOĞAN Research Article Turk J Bot 35 (2011) 343-350 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/bot-1007-47 Salvia brachyantha subsp. tankutiana (Lamiaceae), a new subspecies from Central Anatolia Sai BAGHERPOUR1, Ferhat CELEP2,*, Ahmet KAHRAMAN1,2, Musa DOĞAN1 1 Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, 06531, Ankara - TURKEY 2 Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 25240, Erzurum - TURKEY Received: .26.07.2010 Accepted: 12.02.2011 Abstract: As an initial part of a revisional study based on the genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae), extensive ield studies, herbarium and literature surveys have been conducted on the basis of the S. brachyantha (Bordz.) Pobed and S. modesta Boiss. in order to understand their taxonomic status. As a result of the present study, S. brachyantha and S. modesta are accepted as distinct species. Moreover, S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana Bagherpour, Celep, Kahraman & Doğan subsp. nova is irst described from central Anatolia, Turkey. he diagnostic morphological and micromorphological characters of S. brachyantha subsp. brachyantha, S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana and S. modesta are discussed. Distribution, conservation status and photograph of the taxa are also given. Key words: Central Anatolia, new subspecies, Salvia, Turkey İç Anadolu’dan yeni bir alttür: Salvia brachyantha subsp. tankutiana (Lamiaceae) Özet: Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) cinsi üzerine temel alınan revizyon çalışmasının ilk bölümü olarak, Salvia brachyantha (Bordz.) Pobed ve S. modesta Boiss. türlerinin taksonomik statülerini anlamak için kapsamlı arazi, herbaryum ve literatür çalışmaları gerçekleştirildi. Bu çalışmanın sonucu olarak, Salvia brachyantha ve S. modesta farklı türler olarak kabul edildi. Ayrıca, İç anadolu bölgesinden S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana Bagherpour, Celep, Kahraman & Doğan altürü tanımlandı. S. brachyantha subsp. brachyantha, S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana ve S. modesta taksonlarının ayırtedici karakterleri tartışıldı. Taksonların dağılım, koruma statüleri ve fotoğraları verildi. Anahtar sözcükler: İç Anadolu, yeni alttür, Salvia, Türkiye Introduction he genus Salvia L., the largest genus in the family Lamiaceae, contains about 1000 species worldwide. he genus is distributed principally in three regions, ranging from Central and South America to western Asia, and also into eastern Asia (Walker & Sytsma, 2007). Boissier (1879), in his ‘Flora Orientalis’, recognized 75 species of Salvia from Turkey and placed these species under seven sections, all of which had been recognized previously by Bentham (1833). hese sections are as follows: Eusphace Benth., Hymenosphace Benth., Aethiopis Benth., Plethiosphace Benth., Drymosphace Benth., Horminum Benth. and * E-mail: ferhat_celep@hotmail.com 343 Salvia brachyantha subsp. tankutiana (Lamiaceae), a new subspecies from Central Anatolia Hemisphace Benth. Later, sect. Eusphace was changed to sect. Salvia by Hedge (1972). In ‘Flora of Turkey’ (Hedge, 1982a), the species were not referred to sections. According to published work, leaf, calyx, corolla and stamen characteristics are the most important diagnostic characters for distinguishing sections and species within Salvia. In our study on the sectional delimitation of Turkish Salvia (Doğan et al., 2007), Salvia brachyantha (Bordz.) Pobed and S. modesta Boiss. were placed within sect. Aethiopis. Anatolia), the irst author (S.B.) found an unusual population of Salvia. At a irst glance, it resembled both S. brachyantha and S. modesta. Subsequently, the population was visited several times in 2009 and 2010 by the authors. he specimens were crosschecked with keys provided by Hedge (1982a; 1982b) and Salvia accounts given in the relevant literatures, including Flora Orientalis (Boissier, 1879), Flora U.S.S.R. (Pobedimova, 1954) and Flora Iranica (Hedge, 1982b). he irst revision of Salvia in Turkey was made by Hedge (1982a), who recognized 86 species, 1 hybrid and 1 doubtful species. Since then, six more new species, two new varieties and three new records have been described from Turkey (Celep et al., 2009a; 2009b; İlçim et al., 2009; Kahraman et al., 2009; Celep et al., 2010a; 2010b; Celep et al., 2011a). Salvia aucheri Benth. var. canescens Boiss. & Heldr. has been raised to subspecies rank (Celep et al., 2011b). Moreover, two synonym species have been accepted as valid species (Kahraman et al., 2010). he present study aims to clearify taxonomic status, distribution and conservation status of S. brachyantha and S. modesta and to determine for certain taxonomic status of the recently found specimens in Kaman-Kırşehir. Salvia modesta Boiss. was irst collected from alpine region of Erciyes Mountain in central Anatolia by B. Balansa in 1856 and then described as a new species by Boissier (1879). In 1915, S. brachyantha was irst recognized as a variety of S. modesta by Bordzilowski (S. modesta Boiss. var. brachyantha Bordz.). Subsequently, var. brachyantha was raised to species level by Pobedimova (1954) who diferentiated it from S. modesta on the grounds of the arachnoid eglandular indumentum on the calyces, smaller corollas and included corolla tube in the calyces. Moreover, Pobedimova (1954) indicated that S. modesta grows neither in the Caucasus nor in eastern Turkey. Hedge (1957) pointed out that further studies and materials needed to establish whether the speciic diference between S. brachyantha and S. modesta exist. On the other hand, S. eriophora Boiss. & Kotschy is distantly related to S. brachyantha (Hedge, 1982a). Since 2006, the authors have collected many specimens of S. brachyantha and S. modesta from central and eastern Anatolia (Figures 1-2). hey also studied the type (for S. modesta in G herbarium) and herbarium specimens of the species. In 2008, while conducting ield work in Kaman-Kırşehir (central 344 Material and methods Since 2005, as a part of a taxonomic revision of the genus in Turkey, the present authors have carried out extensive ield works and collected a large number of specimens and examined many specimens at various herbaria (ANK, AEF, B, BM, E, G, GAZI, HUB, ISTE, ISTF, K, LE and KNYA). In addition, population sizes and phenological and ecological properties were observed in the ield. Our own specimens, type and herbarium specimens are used in the study. During ield studies, we aimed to visit as many as diferent habitats and populations to ensure representative geographical coverage of the species in Turkey. In the ield, habitat and relevant ield observations were also recorded. When the species was detected, we observed following criteria: the area of occupancy and distribution, populations and their size and the number of mature individuals. hreat categories were assessed according to IUCN Red List Categories Version 3.1 (2001). he specimens have been deposited at the Deparment of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University and various herbaria (ANK, E, G, GAZI, ISTE, LE). For palynological investigations, pollen material was obtained from herbarium samples. he pollen slides were prepared according to Wodehouse’s (1935) technique. For light microscopy (LM) studies, pollen grains were dissected from herbarium samples and placed on clean microscope slides. Glycerin- S. BAGHERPOUR, F. CELEP, A. KAHRAMAN, M. DOĞAN Figure 2. A-Habit of Salvia modesta, B-Flower. Results and discussion S. brachyantha (Bordz.) Pobed. subsp. tankutiana Bagherpour, Celep, Kahraman & Doğan subsp. nova (Figure 3) Figure 1. A-Habit of Salvia brachyantha subsp. brachyantha, BFlower. gelatin and basic fuchsin were added to the pollen and then mixed with a clean pin to be scattered. he polar length (P), the equatorial length (E), the colpus length (Clg), the exine and the intine thickness for 30 pollen grains were measured under a Leica DM1000 binocular ligth microscope (1000×x) and P/E ratios were calculated. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), unacetolyzed pollen grains were irst mounted on doublesided carbon tape aixed to aluminum stubs, covered with gold with an Hummle VII sputter coater and photographed with a JEOL-6060 SEM to determine exine sculpturing. he terminology of the pollen follows that of Punt et al. (2007). Nutlets were irst examined using a Leica S8AP0 stereomicroscope to ensure that they were of normal size and mature. In order to determine the average nutlet sizes, 20 mature nutlets were measured. For SEM, the mature nutlets were placed on stubs directly and covered with gold. Subsequently, they were observed and photographed with a JEOL JSM6400 SEM (Doğan, 1988). Type: Turkey, B5 Kırşehir, Kaman, Gönüldağ, above Demirli village, 39o17’567’’N, 33o56’860’’E, 1424 m, 10.6.2008, Bagherpour 465 (holotype ANK; isotypes E, GAZI). Diagnosis: S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana ainis subsp. brachyantha sed difert dense eglanduloso arachnoid piloso et dense capitis glanduloso piloso in caulis, inlorosentia axis et calycis. Perennial herbs with thick woody rootstocks. Stems solitary or several, erect, 15-50 cm tall, green to purple, sparsely eglandular arochnoid pilose with dense glandular pilose. Leaves simple, oblong to ovate, 3-12 ×x 2-6 cm, erose, arachnoid pilose with sessile glands, rugose; petiole 1.5-8 cm. Inlorescence axis widely paniculate, densely arachnoid pilose and glandular pilose. Verticillasters 2-8-lowered, usually distant. Bracts broadly ovate-acuminate, green to purple, nearly 5-15 x 5-13 mm. Pedicels 2-3 mm. Calyces tubular campanulate, 6-10 mm, to 13 mm in fruit, purplish, densely eglandular arachnoid pilose and glandular pilose; teeth subulate; upper lip tridentate, median tooth much shorter. Corolla dark violet, 8-12 mm; tube nearly 6-8 mm, ventricose, squamulate; upper lip semi-falcate. Stamens B. Phenology: S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana lowers in June. 345 Salvia brachyantha subsp. tankutiana (Lamiaceae), a new subspecies from Central Anatolia Figure 3. A- Habit of Salvia brachyantha subsp. tankutiana (from Kaman, type locality), B- Inlorescence, C-Flower. Etymology: his new subspecies is named in honour of the Turkish architect, professor Gönül Tankut. Habitat and ecology: S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana grows in open Quercus sp. and steppe at an altitude of 1400-1700 m. he vegetation in these places is mainly formed by herbaceous and woody plants including Quercus sp., Crateagus sp., Astragalus sp., hlaspi sp., Phlomis sp., Verbascum sp., Marrubium sp., Vicia sp., Euphorbia sp., Poa sp. and Matricaria sp. Distribution: S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana is found only from two populations in Kırşehir (central Anatolia), however subsp. brachyantha is conined to eastern Anatolia, N.W. Iran and Armenia. S. modesta is found only in the central Anatolia around Kayseri, Adana, Yozgat and Kahramanmaraş provinces from several localities. Conservation status: According to IUCN criteria (2001), S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana is evalutaed as Endangered (EN) [B2ab (i, ii, iv): area of occupancy less than 500 km2, known at no more than ive locations] and subsp. brachyantha is evaluated as Near hreatened (NT)] since they are likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future. S. modesta is evaluated as Vulnerable (VU) 346 [B2ab (i, ii, iv): area of occupancy less than 2000 km2, known at no more than 10 locations; inferred decline in the area]. S. brachyantha subsp. brachyantha and subsp. tankutiana have representing a large number specimens in their habitats, while S. modesta has representing less number specimens. All the taxa are produce fertile seeds, however S. brachyantha subsp. brachyanta and subsp. tankutiana produce more seeds than S. modesta. he principle threats on the taxa are overgrazing. Our ield and herbarium studies show that S. brachyantha is similar to endemic S. modesta, but difers from it in several characters. For example, S. brachyantha has mostly arachnoid eglandular hairs on inlorescence axis and calyx (in fruit, sparse), and fully lilac to violet-blue corolla upper and lower lips, however S. modesta has densely short capitate glandular hairs on inlorescence axis and calyx, and light violet corolla upper lip and whitish to yellowish corolla lower lip. According to our ield trips, herbarium and literature studies, Kaman specimens (Bagherpour 436, 465, 537) clearly seems more similar to S. brachyantha than S. modesta. However, they possess some morphological and chorological diferences from the typical S. brachyantha specimens. herefore, S. BAGHERPOUR, F. CELEP, A. KAHRAMAN, M. DOĞAN they are described here as a new subspecies of S. brachyantha. 2. Leaves linear-oblong, to 10 mm wide and margin crenulate ................................................ S. eriophora S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana difers from subsp. brachyantha by its eglandular arachnoid and densely glandular pilose hairs on the stem and inlorescence (inlorescence axis, calyx and bract). 2. Leaves oblong to ovate, 8-60 mm wide and margin erose .................................................. S. brachyantha S. eriophora is distantly related to S. brachyantha. It difers from S. brachyantha by its linear and crenulate leaves and shorter stems. Taxonomic relationships of the species are given below in the identiication key. Identiication key for S. brachyantha, S. modesta and S. eriophora 1. Stem and inlorescence eglandular arachnoid.....2 1. Stem and inlorescence densely glandular capitate ................................ ....................S. modesta Pollen and nutlet micromorphology he pollen grains of the taxa are hexacolpate, radially symmetrical and isopolar. he length of the polar, equatorial and colpus axes and exine and intine thickness are summarized in Table. All taxa have bireticulate ornamentation. According to results, the most common shape of pollen is spheriodal in S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana and S. modesta, but suboblate is observed in subsp. brachyantha (Figure 4). Figure 4. SEM micrographs of the pollen of S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana.(A-B), S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana (C-D) and S. modesta (E-F). 347 Salvia brachyantha subsp. tankutiana (Lamiaceae), a new subspecies from Central Anatolia he nutlet size of the taxa are given in Table. he nutlets of S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana and S. modesta are broadly ovate, while the nutlets of subsp. brachyantha are ovate. According to results, nutlet size of subsp. brachyantha is clearly bigger than the subsp. tankutiana. On the other hand, surface sculpturing of S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana is smooth to colliculate, while surface sculpturing of S. brachyantha subsp. brachyantha and S. modesta is colliculate to verrucate with striate exocarp cells (Figure 5). Additional specimens examined S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana (paratypes): Turkey, B5 Kırşehir: North of Kırşehir, Boztepe hills, 1504 m, 17.5.2008, Bagherpour 436 (ANK); Kırşehir: Kaman, Gönüldağ above Demirli village, 1400-1700 m, 5.6.2009, Bagherpour 537 (ANK). S. brachyantha subsp. brachyantha: A8 Erzurum: İspir, June 1853, A.Huet; A9 Kars: Kars, 30.6.1912, Lonaczewski-Pietruniaka; B8 Erzurum: between Tercan and Aşkale, 1850 m, 8.6.1957, Davis 29321 (E, ANK); B9 Van: between Van and Başkale, Güzeldere, 2791 m, 11.7.2007, Kahraman 1448; Ağrı: 2 km southwest of Hamur, Murat Valley, 1670 m, 3,6.1966, Davis 44174 (E), Ağrı: Patnos to Tutak 32. km, 1800 m, Davis 43480 (E); Bitlis: North of Ahlat, Yuvadamı village, 2300 m, 22.6.1995, Behçet 904 (VANF); C7 Urfa: between Siverek and Diyarbakır, 17 miles from Siverek, W. foot of Karacadağ, 1050 m, 19.5.1957, Davis 28278 (E). S. modesta: Type: B5 Kayseri: in Cappadociae regione subalpina montis Argaei (Erciyas Da.) in valle Kamechly Tchai (Çomakli çay), 1700 m, 16.6.1856, Balansa 242 (holo. G); Kayseri: Erciyes Mountain above Sakarçitliği, 1400-2200 m, Türktekin & Vural 2358; Kayseri/Adana: Bakırdağ to Saimbeyli, Gezbeli pass, 1970 m, 9.6.2006, Celep 1065; Kayseri, Sarız, Yeşilkent (Yalak), Binboğa Da., above Dayoluk village, Afan Plateau, 2172 m, 10.6.2006, Celep 1072; Kahramanmaraş: Göksun, Dibek Mountain, Hottaş village, 1720 m, 19.6.1979, Tuzlacı & Saraçoğlu (ISTE 42343). Table. A comparision of palynological and nutlet characters of S. brachyantha and S. modesta. S. brachyantha subsp. brachyantha S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana S. modesta Polar length 41.42 ± 3.37 μm 40.58 ± 1.39 μm 43.47 ± 2.24 μm Equatorial length 48.19 ± 4.05 μm 42.89 ± 2.9 μm 47.81 ± 2.8 μm 0.86 0.95 0.91 suboblate spheroidal spheroidal Colpus length 35.97 ± 3.31 μm 32.21 ± 4.27 μm 36.43 ± 2.76 μm Exine thickness 1.18 ± 0.17 μm 1.54 ± 0.32 μm 1.24 ± 0.33 μm Intine thickness 0.58 ± 0.07 μm 0.73 ± 0.10 μm 1.06 ± 0.18 μm shape ovate broadly ovate broadly ovate Length 3.13-3.33 mm 2.50-3.00 mm 2.70-3.29 mm Width 2.00-2.32 mm 2.10-2.50 mm 2.25-2.69 mm colliculate to verrucate with striation smooth to colliculate colliculate to verrucate with striation Pollen data Polar/Equatorial ratio Shape Nutlet data Surface sculpturing 348 S. BAGHERPOUR, F. CELEP, A. KAHRAMAN, M. DOĞAN Figure 5. SEM micrographs of the nutlet of S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana (A-B), S. brachyantha subsp. tankutiana (C-D) and S. modesta (E-F). Scale bar: 500 μm for A-C & E. Acknowledgement We wish to thank the Curators of Herbaria AEF, ANK, B, BM, E, ERCIYES, G, GAZI, HUB, ISTE, ISTF, K, KNYA, LE and W who allowed us to study their Salvia specimens and to the Scientiic and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAKTBAG-104 T 450) for their inancial asisstance for the study. We would like to thanks Prof.Dr. Sevil Pehlivan, Yrd.Doç.Dr., Hülya Özler and Dr. Birol Başer for providing SEM photos of S. brachyantha subsp. brachyantha. 349 Salvia brachyantha subsp. tankutiana (Lamiaceae), a new subspecies from Central Anatolia References Bentham G (1833). Labiatarum genera et species. Ridgeway. Boisseir EP (1879). Flora Orientalis. Vol. 4. Geneva. Celep F, Doğan M & Duran A (2009a). A new record for the Flora of Turkey: Salvia viscosa Jacq. (Labiatae). Turk J Bot 33: 57-60. Celep F, Doğan M, Bagherpour S & Kahraman A (2009b). A new variety of Salvia sericeotomentosa (Lamiaceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey. Novon 19: 432-436. Celep F & Doğan M (2010a). 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