Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae)

Birgitta Bremer

The genus Morinda L. (Rubiaceae) has been revised for its species diversity in the flora of Bangladesh. The genus is represented by five species, viz., M. angustifolia Roxb., M. citrifolia L., M. persicaefolia Ham., M. pubescens Smith and M. umbellata L. Of these, M. pubescens Smith is a new record for Bangladesh. A key to the species with vernacular names, descriptions, illustrations, photographs, ecology, uses, geographical distribution and status of occurrence in the flora is provided. Key words: Taxonomy; Morinda; Rubiaceae; Bangladesh DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i2.9766 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(2): 113-120, 2011 (December)

Gynochthodes cochinchinensis (Rubiaceae), a woody climber, is reported here as a new addition to Indian flora from Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha. The species resembles its closely allied taxon Gynochthodes umbellata, but can be distinguished from it by a number of distinct morphological characters. A detailed description, notes on habitat, ecology and distribution are provided in this paper with color photographs for easy identification.

Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) Sylvain G. RAZAFIMANDIMBISON Birgitta BREMER Bergius Foundation, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Botany Department, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm (Sweden) sylvain.razaﬁmandimbison@bergianska.se birgitta.bremer@bergianska.se Razaﬁmandimbison S. G. & Bremer B. 2011. — Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae). Adansonia, sér. 3, 33 (2): 283-309. DOI: 10.5252/ a2011n2a13. KEY WORDS Rubiaceae, Morindeae, Appunia, Coelospermum, Gynochthodes, Morinda, Siphonandrium, new combinations. ABSTRACT A new circumscription and new generic delimitations of the tribe Morindeae in the subfamily Rubioideae (Rubiaceae) have been proposed as a result of two recent molecular phylogenetic studies. he adoption of a narrow circumscription of Morinda and a broad circumscription of Gynochthodes requires new combinations and names in these genera. his study presents descriptions of the newly delimited Gynochthodes and Morinda, and 78 new combinations (73 in the former and ﬁve in the latter) and three new names (Gynochthodes alejandroi Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, G. ridsdalei Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, and G. wongii Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer). We make three lectotypiﬁcations, and recognize 15 species in Appunia, 11 species in Coelospermum, 93 species in Gynochthodes, 39 species in Morinda, and one species in Siphonandrium. Finally, a list of all currently recognized species for each genus of Morindeae is presented. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) © Publications Scientiﬁques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.adansonia.com 283 Razaﬁmandimbison S. G. & Bremer B. MOTS CLÉS Rubiaceae, Morindeae, Appunia, Coelospermum, Gynochthodes, Morinda, Siphonandrium, nouvelles combinaisons. RÉSUMÉ Changements nomenclaturaux et notes taxonomiques dans la tribu Morindeae (Rubiaceae). Une nouvelle circonscription et de nouvelles délimitations génériques de la tribu des Morindeae dans la sous-famille des Rubioideae (Rubiaceae) ont été proposées à la suite de deux récentes études phylogénétiques moléculaires. L’adoption d’une circonscription étroite de Morinda et d’une circonscription large de Gynochthodes nécessite de nouvelles combinaisons et de nouveaux noms dans ces genres. Cette étude présente des descriptions de Gynochthodes et Morinda nouvellement délimités et 78 nouvelles combinations (73 chez le premier et cinq chez le second) et trois nouveaux noms (Gynochthodes alejandroi Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, G. ridsdalei Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer et G. wongii Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer). Nous établissons trois lectotypiﬁcations et reconnaissons 15 espèces chez Appunia, 11 espèces chez Coelospermum, 93 espèces chez Gynochthodes, 39 espèces chez Morinda et une espèce chez Siphonandrium. Enﬁn, une liste de toutes les espèces actuellement reconnues pour chaque genre des Morindeae est présentée. INTRODUCTION A new circumscription of the pantropical tribe Morindeae of the subfamily Rubioideae (Rubiaceae) has recently been established based on a molecular phylogenetic study by Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2008). he members of Morindeae can be diagnosed by their massive T-shaped placentae inserted in the middle of the septum bearing two anatropous ovules per carpel and pyrenes with a single lateral germination slit (Igersheim & Robbrecht 1993). he tribe is additionally characterized by the frequent occurrence of head-like inﬂorescences and multiple fruits. A more recent study by Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2009) demonstrated the paraphyly of the type genus Morinda L. with respect to its closely related genera Coelospermum Blume, Gynochthodes Blume, Pogonolobus F.Muell., and Sarcopygme Setch. & Christoph. As a consequence, new generic limits of Morindeae were proposed in order to make Morinda monophyletic, and that morphologically well-deﬁned genera were recognized in Morindeae. A total of ﬁve genera were recognized: the Neotropical Appunia Hook.f., the tropical Asian and Australasian Coelospermum (including the Australian Pogonolobus), the tropical Asian and Australasian, and Malagasy 284 Gynochthodes (including the vast majority of the lianescent species of Morinda), the pantropical Morinda (including Sarcopygme), and the New Guinean Siphonandrium (see Appendix 1). Keys to the accepted genera of Morindeae were presented in Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2009). he adoption of the new circumscriptions of Gynochthodes and Morinda requires many new combinations. In this paper, we present updated descriptions of the newly circumscribed Gynochthodes and Morinda, and make a total of 78 new combinations (73 in the former and 5 in the latter) and three new names in Gynochthodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We consulted all type specimens of the species of Morinda at L and S herbaria, all scanned images of those at BR, BM, F, K, MO, P, and US herbaria via the Global Plants Initiative (http:// www.bores.org) website, and those available at the websites of A (http://www.huh.harvard. edu) and NY (http://sciweb.nybg.org) herbaria (all abbreviations after Holmgren et al. 1990). In addition, we received scanned images of all type specimens of the lianescent Morinda and ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) Sarcopygme housed at BISH herbarium. Inclusion of the species of Morinda and Sarcopygme, respectively, in Gynochthodes and Morinda (both sensu Razaﬁmandimbison et al. 2009) were based on the identiﬁcation using the keys to the genera presently recognized in Morindeae sensu Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2009) coupled with the results of Razaﬁmandimbison and Bremer (unpubl. data.) based on combined nrETS, nrITS, rps16, and trnT-F data. Olostyla DC., Prodromus, Systematis Naturalis 4: 440 (Sep. 1830). — Type: Olostyla corymbosa (Labill.) DC. SYSTEMATICS NUMBER OF SPECIES RECOGNIZED Eleven species (see Appendix 1). Pogonolobus F.Muell., Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae 1: 55 (1858). — Type: Pogonolobus reticulatus F.Muell. Merismostigma S.Moore, Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 45: 332 (1921). — Type: Merismostigma neocaledonicum S.Moore. DESCRIPTION See Johansson (1988). Genus Appunia Hook.f. Genera Plantarum 2: 120 (1873). — Type: Appunia tenuiﬂora (Benth.) Jack. Bellynkxia Müll.Arg., Flora 58: 465 (1875). — Type: Bellynkxia angulata (Benth.) Müll.Arg. DESCRIPTION See Burger & Taylor (1993). NUMBER OF SPECIES RECOGNIZED Fifteen species (see Appendix 1). DISTRIBUTION Neotropics. SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM APPUNIA Appunia parviﬂora Lundell., Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. Ann Arbor, MI 4: 28 (1940) = Ronabea latifolia Aubl., Histoire des Plantes de la Guiane Française 1: 154 (1775); other combination: Psychotria erecta (Aubl.) Standl. & Steyerm., Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History. Botanical series 23: 24 (1943) (based on Ronabea erecta Aubl., Histoire des Plantes de la Guiane Française 1: 156 [1775]). Genus Coelospermum Blume Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indië 16: 994. (Oct. 1826-Nov. 1827). — Type: Caelospermum scandens Blume. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) DISTRIBUTION Tropical Asia and Autralasia. SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM COELOSPERMUM 1. Coelospermum barbatum Span. – Linnaea 15: 318 (1841) = Gynochthodes coriacea Blume , Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indië 16: 993 (Oct. 1826-Nov. 1827). 2. Coelospermum gmelinii Miq. – Annales Musei Lugduno-Batavi 3: 62 (1867) = Archangelica gmelinii DC, Prodomus Systematis Naturalis IV: 170 (1830). REMARKS We favor the orthographic variant Coelospermum (from coelo-, meaning with a hole in Greek) over the original spelling Caelospermum, as the author himself made the correction in his Flora javae (Blume 1828). Brummitt & Taylor (1990) consider that the spelling corrected by the original author should be followed. he synonymy was already established by Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2009: 885) for Pogonolobus. DUBIOUS SPECIES 1. Coelospermum ahernianum Elmer. – Leaﬂets of Philippine Botany 41: 3 (1906). Remarks We agree with Johansson (1988) that Coelospermum ahernianum does not belong to Coelospermum, because it does not have the characteristics of the genus as delimited here. 285 Razaﬁmandimbison S. G. & Bremer B. 2. Coelospermum fragrans (Montrouz.) Baill. ex Guillaumin. – Annales de l’Institut botanico-géologique colonial de Marseille 2: 168 (1911); Figuierea fragrans Montrouz., Mémoires de l’Académie royale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Lyon, Section des Sciences 10: 220 (1860). Remarks Johansson (1988: 289) argued that this species is possibly conspeciﬁc with C. monticolum Baill. ex Guillaumin, as this latter is the only species of Coelospermum known from the type locality of C. fragrans (Île Art). We are unable to verify this because we could not trace the type specimen of C. fragrans. he location of Montrouzier material was moved from the “Faculté de Pharmacie” to LYJB. However, the type specimen of C. fragrans is missing at LYJB and LY. 3. Coelospermum nigrescens (K.Krause) Guillaumin. – Archives de Botanique de Caen III (5): 41 (1929); Olostyla nigrescens K.Krause. – Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pfanzengeographie 39: 167 (1908). Remarks Johnsson (1988: 291) argued that this species is possibly conspeciﬁc with either C. balansanum Baill. or C. crassifolium J.T.Johanss. However, we were unable to trace the type specimen of O. nigrescens, which was presumably preserved at B herbarium. Sciences 10: 225 (1860). — Type: Pogonanthus candollei Montrouz. Tetralopha Hook.f., Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 11: 57, t. 1072 (1870). — Type: Tetralopha motleyi Hook.f. Imantina Hook.f., Genera Plantarum 2: 120 (1873). — Type: Imantina deplanchei Hook.f. DESCRIPTION Lianas, rarely shrubs or trees. Leaves petiolate, chartaceous to more or less coriaceous. Inﬂorescences terminal, terminal on axillary (lateral) shoots, or axillary, solitary or composed of 2 to 10 heads arranged into umbel-like, racemose or cymose or terminal. Flowers polygamous (hermaphrodite and functionally unisexual) or dioecous, mostly completely to basally fused when clustered in heads, sometimes in multiﬂorous compound dichasia or rarely single, sessile or sometimes pedicellate; corolla tubes shorter than corolla lobes, rarely as long as or longer than corolla lobes; ﬁlaments inserted in corolla throat, linear, glabrous, white, anthers partly exserted; disk annular, persistent in fruit; styles ﬁliform, terete; stigmatic lobe bilobate, exserted; ovary inferior, bilocular, with longitudinal false dissepiment separating the ovules, ovaries of all ﬂowers of a head basally to completely fused; locule biovular. Fruits fused into syncarps or simple drupes. Seeds globose or semi-globose. Genus Gynochthodes Blume Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indië 16: 993. (Oct. 1826-Nov. 1827). — Type: Gynochtodes coriacea Blume. Guttenbergia Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur- en Geneeskundig Archief voor Nederlandsch-Indië 2: 2 (1845), syn. nov. — Type: Guttenbergia umbellata (L.) Zoll. & Moritzi. Sphaerophora Blume, non (A. H. Hassall) J. Lindley (1846), Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum sive stirpium Exoticarum 1: 179 (1850). — Type: Sphaerophora glomerata Blume. (lecto-, designated by Johansson [1994: 15], L!). Pogonanthus Montrouz., Mémoires de l’Académie royale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Lyon. Section des 286 NUMBER OF SPECIES RECOGNIZED 93 species (see Appendix 1). DISTRIBUTION Tropical Asia, Australasia and Madagascar. REMARKS We favor the orthographic variant Gynochthodes over the original spelling Gynochtodes, as Blume himself made the correction in his Flora javae (Blume 1828). Brummitt & Taylor (1990) consider that the spelling corrected by the original author should be followed. Tetralopha is long established synonym of Gynochthodes. he synonymy was already proposed by Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2009: 885) for Imantina, Pogonanthus, and Sphaerophora. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) NEW COMBINATIONS 1. Gynochthodes ammitia (Halford & A.J.Ford) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda ammitia Halford & A.J.Ford, Austrobaileya 6: 898 (2004). — Type: Australia, Queensland, Cook Distr., Cooktown, Isabella Road, E of Isabella Falls, c. 200 m alt., 13.III.2001, A. Ford AF 267 & J. Holmes (holo-, BRI; iso-, DNA, NSW). 2. Gynochthodes artensis (Montrouz.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda artensis Montrouz., Mémoires de l’Académie royale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Lyon. Section des Sciences 10: 219 (1860). — Type: New Caledonia, Île Art, Montrouzier s.n. (holo-, ?). REMARKS he location of Montrouzier material was moved from the “Faculté de Pharmacie” to LYJB. However, the type specimen of M. artensis is missing at LYJB and LY. 3. Gynochthodes badia (Y.Z.Ruan) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda badia Y.Z.Ruan, Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 71: 327 (1999). — Type: China, Hunan, Qianyang, 5.VI.1954, C. T. Lee 2319 (holo-, IBSC). 4. Gynochthodes bartlingii (Elmer) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda bartlingii Elmer, Leaﬂets of Philippine Botany 4: 1340 (1912). — Type: Philippines, Puerto Princesa (Mt. Pulgar), Palawan, IV.1911, A. D. E. Elmer 13037 (holo-, BISH!; iso-, F!, NY!, US!). 5. Gynochthodes billardierei (Baill.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda billardierei Baill., Adansonia n.s. 12: 231 (1879). — Type: New Caledonia, probably Balade, 1793, Labillardière s.n. (lecto-, designated by Johansson (1994: 21), P!). ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) 6. Gynochthodes brevipes (S.Y.Hu) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda brevipes S.Y.Hu, Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 32: 399 (1951). — Type: China, Hainan, Po-ting, F. C. How 71754 (holo-, A!). 7. Gynochthodes bucidifolia (A.Gray) Razaﬁm. & B. Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda bucidifolia A.Gray, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 4: 41 (1860). — Type: Fiji, Vanua Levu, Mbua Prov., Sandalwood Bay, 1840, U.S. Expl. Exped. 62352 (holo-, US; iso-, K, P!). Morinda nandarivatensis Gillespie, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 74: 40 (1930), syn. nov. — Type: Fiji, Viti Levu, holo North Prov., Mt. Nanggaranambuluta, E of Nandarivatu, slopes of Loma Langa Mountain, 1200 m alt., 16.XI.1927, Gillespie 3786 (holo-, BISH!). Morinda tripetala Christoph., Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 154: 73 (1938), syn. nov. — Type: Samoa, Upollu, top of Fao, open, 680 m alt., E. Christophersen 555 (holo-, BISH!, iso-, A!). 8. Gynochthodes calciphila (K.M.Wong) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda calciphila K.M.Wong, Malayan Nature Journal 38: 97 (1984). — Type: Malaysia, Perak, Ipok, limestone, Burkill SFN 2555 (holo-, SING). 9. Gynochthodes callicarpifolia (Y.Z.Ruan) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda callicarpaefolia Y.Z.Ruan, Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 71: 325 (1999). —Type: China, Yunnan, Bingbian, 500 m alt., in forest, 11.VII.1953, Mao 2517 (holo-, IBSC). REMARKS he speciﬁc epithet “callicarpaefolia” is changed to “callicarpifolia” based on the Article 60.8 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al. 2006). 287 Razaﬁmandimbison S. G. & Bremer B. 10. Gynochthodes candollei (Montrouz.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. 12. Gynochthodes celebica (Miq.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Pogonanthus candollei Montrouz., Mémoires de l’Académie royale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Lyon. Section des Sciences 10: 225 (1860). BASIONYM. — Morinda celebica Miq., Flora van Nederlandsch Indië 2: 246 (1857). — Type: Celebes, among the bushes in the coastal areas of Boni, Zollinger 3441 (holo-, L!). Morinda candollei (Montrouz.) Beauvis., Genera Montrouzierana 57 (1901). — Type: New Caledonia, Île Art, Montrouzier 109 (lecto-, designated by Johansson (1994: 21), P!; isolecto-, G). 13. Gynochthodes cinnamomea (Craib) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. Morinda pulchella Schltr., Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pfanzengeographie 39: 267 (1906). — Type: New Caledonia, forest edges on the mountains near Oubatche, 700 m alt., 18.XII.1902, Schlechter 15491 (lecto-, designated by Johansson [1994: 21], P!; isolecto-, BM, G, K). BASIONYM. — Morinda cinnamomea Craib, Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 433 (1932). — Type: Satul, Kao Kêo Range, 700 m alt., evergreen forest, Kerr 14551 (holo-, BM!; iso-, K). Morinda candollei Montrouz. var. subvillosa Guillaumin, Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle 2: 122 (1929). — Type: New Caledonia, Prony, Franc 1853 (lecto-, designated by Johansson [1994: 23], P!; isolecto-, A!, P!). 14. Gynochthodes cinnamomifoliata (Y.Z.Ruan) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. Morinda candollei (Montrouz.) Beauvis. var. angustifolia Guillaumin, Archives de Botanique, Mémoires 3. Caen 5: 42 (1930), syn. nov. — Type: New Caledonia, entre Couaoua et Canala, 800 m alt., Balansa 1984 (lecto-, designated by Johansson [1994: 23], P!). REMARKS We agree with Johansson (1994) that M. puchella is a synonym of M. candollei and hereby reiterate its synonymy in order to avoid unnecessary combinations in Gynochthodes. 11. Gynochthodes canthoides (F.Muell.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Coprosma canthoides F.Muell., Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae 7: 45 (1869). — Type: Australia, South Eales, Durandoo, F. Mueller (holo-, K). Coprosma acutifolia F.Muell. ex Benth., Flora Australiensis 3: 429 (1867), nom. illeg. Morinda acutifolia F.Muell., Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae 9: 179 (1875), nom. illeg. Morinda canthoides (F.Muell.) Halford & R.J.F.Hend., Austrobaileya 5: 731 (2000). 288 BASIONYM. — Morinda cinnamomifoliata Y.Z.Ruan, Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 71: 336-337 (1999). — Type: China, Guangxi, Guixian, Z. Z. Chen 50743 (holo-, IBSC). 15. Gynochthodes citrina (Y.Z.Ruan) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda citrina Y.Z.Ruan, Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 71: 331 (1999). — Type: China, Guangdong, Qujiang, 3.IV.1930, S. P. Ko 50302 (holo-, IBSC). Morinda citrina Y.Z.Ruan var. chlorina Y.Z.Ruan, Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae 71: 332 (1999), syn. nov. — Type: China, Zhejiang, Changhua, M. P. Teng 4794 (holo-, IBSC). 16. Gynochthodes cochinchinensis (DC.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda cochinchinensis DC., Prodromus 4: 449 (1830). — Type: description of Morinda umbellata Lour., non L., Flora Cochinchinensis 140 (1790). Morinda trichophylla Merr., Philippine Journal of Science 23: 267 (1923), syn. nov. — Type: Philippines, Yik Tsok Mau, 17 & 19.V.1922, McClure 8755 (holo-, A!; iso-, US!). ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) REMARKS De Candolle’s species was based entirely on Loureiro’s description of Morinda umbellata Lour., which is not the same as M. umbellata L. 17. Gynochthodes collina (Schltr.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda collina Schltr., Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pﬂanzengeographie 39: 265 (1906). — Type: New Caledonia, on the maintain slopes near Ngoyé, 200 m alt., 30.XI.1902, Schlechter 15154 (lecto-, designated by Johansson [1994: 33], P!; isolecto-, BM, G, K, L!, S!). Morinda elongata Schltr., Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pﬂanzengeographie 39: 266 (1906). — Type: New Caledonia, on the maintain forests near Ngoyé, 400 m alt., 6.XI.1902, Schlechter 15234 (lecto-, designated by Johansson [1994: 33], S!; isolecto-, BM!, G, K!, P!). REMARKS We agree with Johansson (1994) that M. elongata is a synonym of M. collina and hereby reiterate its synonymy in order to avoid unnecessary combinations in Gynochthodes. 18. Gynochthodes constipata (Halford & A.J.Ford) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda constipata Halford & A.J.Ford, Austrobaileya 81: 82 (2009). — Type: Australia, Queensland, Cook Dist., National Park Reserve 904, Wooroonooran, just S of tower 9, Mt. Bellenden Ker cableway, 17.X.2003, A. Ford AF4184 & J.Holmes (holo-, BRI; iso-, L, K, MEL, MO, NSW, SUNIV in S!). REMARKS One specimen of Morinda constipata (as “Morinda sp. 2”) was included in Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2009: 881), which supported the position of this species in Gynochthodes sensu Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2009). ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) 19. Gynochthodes costata (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda costata Merr. & L.M.Perry, Journal of Arnold Arboretum 26: 263 (1945). — Type: New Guinea, 6 km southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, 1200 m alt., II.1939, Brass 13012 (holo-, A!). 20. Gynochthodes decipiens (Schltr.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda decipiens Schltr., Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pﬂanzengeographie 39: 266 (1906). — Type: New Caledonia, near Outbarche, 900 m alt., 17.XII.1902, Schlechter 15466 (lecto-, designated by Johansson (1994: 45), S!; isolecto-, K, L!, P!). 21. Gynochthodes deplanchei (Hook.f.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Imantina deplanchei Hook.f., Genera Plantarum 120 (1873); Morinda deplanchei (Hook.f.) Baill. ex K.Schum., Die Natürlichen Pﬂanzenfamilien 4, 4: 138 (1891). — Type: New Caledonia, Presqu’île de Pum, Deplanche 465 (holo-, K; iso-, P). Morinda gatopensis Guillaumin, Archives de Botanique, Mémoires 3, Caen 5: 43 (1930). — Type: New Caledonia, Houaïlou, XII.1869, Deplanche 407 (lecto-, designated by Johansson [1994: 35], P!; isolecto-, A!, P!). Morinda podocarpifolia Guillaumin, Archives de Botanique, Mémoire 3, Caen 5: 44 (1930). — Type: New Caledonia, Houaïlou, XII.1869, Balansa 1988 (lecto-, designated by Johansson [1994: 35], P!; isolecto-, A!, P!). Morinda alyxioides Guillaumin, Bulletin de la Société botanique de France 91: 44 (1944). — Type: New Caledonia, Gatope, 1867, Vieillard s.n. (lecto-, designated by Johansson (1994: 35), P!; isolecto-, P!). REMARKS We agree with Johansson (1994) that M. alyxioides, M. gatopensis, and M. podocarpifolia are synonyms of M. deplanchei and hereby reiterate their synonymies in order to avoid unnecessary combinations in Gynochthodes. 289 Razaﬁmandimbison S. G. & Bremer B. 22. Gynochthodes elliptifolia (Quisumb. & Merr.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda elliptifolia Quisumb. & Merr., Philippine Journal of Science 37: 204 (1928). — Type: Philippines, Mindanao, Davao Prov., Galintan, 250 m alt., 24.VI.1927, Ramos & Edaño B.S. 48909 (holo-, BR; iso-, NY!). 23. Gynochthodes elmeri (Merr.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda elmeri Merr., University of California Publications in Botany 15: 297 (1929). — Type: Philippines, near Tawao, Elmer 21114 (holo-, UC; iso-, F!, NY!, S!). 24. Gynochthodes gjellerupii (Valeton) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda gjellerupii Valeton, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pﬂanzengeographie 61: 152 (1927). — Type: New Guinea, Hellwig 282 (holo-, BO). 25. Gynochthodes glaucescens (Schltr.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda glaucescens Schltr., Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pﬂanzengeographie 39: 267 (1906). — Type: New Caledonia, on the mountain slopes near Ngoyé, 300 m alt.,17.XI.1902, Schlechter 15354 (lecto-, designated by Johansson [1994: 43], P!; isolecto-, BM, K). Morinda schumanniana Schltr., Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pfanzengeographie 39: 268 (1906). — Type: New Caledonia, on the mountain slopes near Ngoyé, 300 m alt., 17.XI.1902, Schlechter 15359 (lecto-, designated by Johansson [1994: 43], P!). REMARKS We agree with Johansson (1994) that M. schummaniana is a synonym of M. glaucescens and hereby reiterate its synonymy in order to avoid unnecessary combinations in Gynochthodes. 290 26. Gynochthodes glomerata (Blume) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Sphaerophora glomerata Blume, Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum sive stirpium Exoticarum 1: 179, f. 38 (1850); Morinda glomerata (Blume) Miq., Flora van Nederlandsch Indië 2: 247 (1857). — Type: New Guinea, herb. Blume, Zippelius s.n. (lecto-, designated by Johansson [1994: 15], L!). Sphaerophora gemella Blume, Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum sive stirpium Exoticarum 1: 179, f. 36 (1850); Morinda gemella (Blume) Miq., Flora van Nederlandsch Indië 2: 247 (1857), syn. nov. — Type: Novâ Guineâ, herb. Blume, Zippelius s.n. (holo-, L!). 27. Gynochthodes grayi (Seem.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda grayi Seem., Flora Vitiensis 130 (1866). — Type: Fiji, U.S. Expl. Exped., 1840, U.S. Expl. Exped. 62353 (holo-, US; iso-, K, P). 28. Gynochthodes hainanensis (Merr. & F.C.How) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda hainanensis Merr. & F.C.How, Sunyatsenia 5: 188 (1940). — Type: Po-Ting Distr., TaiPing Kong, Chang-Sha Village, 330 m alt., 28.V.1935, F. C. How 72652 (holo-, A!; iso-, NY!). 29. Gynochthodes hirtella (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda hirtella Merr. & L.M.Perry, Journal of Arnold Arboretum 26: 264 (1945). — Type: New Guinea, Brass 7984 (holo-, BM!; iso-, A!, L!). 30. Gynochthodes hispida (K.M.Wong) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda hispida K.M.Wong, Malayan Nature Journal 41: 269 (1987). — Type: Malaysia Peninsula, Johore, Padang Temambun, sandstone plateau, 600 m alt., 27.IV.1986, Wong & Saw 34334 (holo-, KEP). ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) 31. Gynochthodes hollrungiana (Valeton) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. 36. Gynochthodes kanalensis (Baill. ex Guillaumin) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda hollrungiana Valeton, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pﬂanzengeographie 61: 153 (1927). — Type: New Guinea, Kaiser-Wilhems-Land, Hollrung s.n. (holo-, ?). BASIONYM. — Morinda kanalensis Baill., Annales de l’Institut botanico-géologique colonial de Marseille 2: 172 (1911), nom. nud.; Morinda kanalensis Baill., Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, sér. 2, 1: 118 (1929), nom. nud.; Morinda kanalensis Baill. ex Guillaumin, Archives de Botanique, Mémoires 3, Caen 5: 43 (1930). — Type: New Caledonia, Mt. Humboldt, 12.X.1869, Balansa 1987 (lecto-, designated by Johansson (1994: 53), P!; isolecto-, P!). REMARKS We have not been able to trace the original material. According to Staﬂeu & Cowan (1986: 649), the type specimen may be located at BO. We made a request to this herbarium without success. 32. Gynochthodes howiana (S.Y.Hu) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda howiana S.Y.Hu, Journal of Arnold Arboretum 32: 400 (1951). — Type: China, Hainan, Poting, 14.IV.1935, F. C. How 71911 (lecto-, designated by Liu & Zhang [2008: 578], A!). 33. Gynochthodes hupehensis (S.Y.Hu) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda hupehensis S.Y.Hu, Journal of Arnold Arboretum 32: 400 (1951). — Type: China, Hupeh, En-shih, H. C. Chow 1818 (holo-, A!). 34. Gynochthodes jackiana (Korth.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda jackiana Korth., Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief 2, 2: 227 (1851). — Type: Indonesia, Borneo, Korthals s.n. (holo-, L; iso-, A!). 35. Gynochthodes jasminoides (A.Cunn.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda jasminoides A.Cunn., Botanical Magazine 61: t. 3351 (1834). — Type: Australia, Colony of Port Jackson, Cunningham s.n. (holo-, K). ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) 37. Gynochthodes lacunosa (King & Gamble) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda lacunosa King & Gamble, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 73: 87 (1904). — Types: Perak, King’s collector 4320, King’s collector 6030, King’s collector 8254 (Syn-, CAL). 38. Gynochthodes leparensis (Valeton) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda leparensis Valeton, Icones Bogorienses 4: t. 362 (1913). — Type: Lepar, Teysmann, Hortus Bogor, cult. XVII C 102 (holo-, L!). 39. Gynochthodes leptocalama (Wernham) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda leptocalama Wernham, Journal of Botany, British & Foreign. London 56: 77 (1918). — Type: New Guinea, Mt. Gawada, 4000 ft., Forbes 864 (holo-, BM!; iso-, K, L!). 40. Gynochthodes litseifolia (Y.Z.Ruan) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda litseifolia Y.Z.Ruan., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 71: 335 (1999). — Type: China, Jiangxi, Jiangang-mountain, 1300 m alt., 09.VII.1965, S. S. Lai 3488 (holo-, IBSC). 291 Razaﬁmandimbison S. G. & Bremer B. 41. Gynochthodes micrantha (Valeton) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda micrantha Valeton, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pﬂanzengeographie 61: 153 (1927). — Type: New Guinea, 800 m alt., VIII.1910, L. Schultze 43 (holo-, ?). REMARKS We have not been able to trace the original material. According to Staﬂeu & Cowan (1986: 649), the type specimen may be located at BO. We made a request to this herbarium without success. 42. Gynochthodes microcephala (Bartl. ex DC.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda microcephala Bartl. ex DC., Prodromus 4: 449 (1830). — Type: Phillipines, Luzon Island, T. Haenke s.n. (holo-, G-DC!). 43. Gynochthodes mollis (A.Gray) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda mollis A.Gray, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 4: 41 (1860). — Type: Fiji, U.S. Expl. Exped. 62377 (holo-, US; iso-, K, NY!). Morinda candollei Montrouz. var. villosa Guillaumin, Archives de Botanique, Mémoires 3, Caen 5: 42 (1930), syn. nov. — Type: New Caledonia, Gatope, Vieillard 2741 pro parte (lecto-, designated by Johansson [1994: 27], P!). 44. Gynochthodes montana (J.T.Johanss.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda montana J.T.Johanss., Opera Botanica 122: 49 (1994). — Type: New Caledonia, Mont Panié, 1400 m alt., 28.XI.1983, McPherson 6090 (holo-, MO; iso-, S!). 45. Gynochthodes myrtifolia (A.Gray) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda myrtifolia A.Gray, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 4: 292 41 (1860); Morinda myrtifolia A.Gray var. myrtifolia (autonym used by J.T.Johanss., Opera Botanica 122: 55 [1994]). — Type: Fiji, U.S. Expl. Exped. 62351 (holo-, US; iso-, K, NY!). Morinda forsteri Seem., Flora Vitiensis 129 (1866). — Type: Society Islands, J. R. & G. Forster s.n. (lecto-, designated by Smith & Darwin [1988: 333], K; isolecto-, BM). Morinda choriophylla Baill., Adansonia s.n. 12: 246 (1879); Morinda myrtifolia A.Gray var. choriophylla (Baill.) J.T.Johnss., Opera Botanica 122: 57 (1994). — Type: New Caledonia, à l’embouchure de la rivière du Houaïlou, XII.1869, Balansa 1989 (lecto-, designated by Johansson [1994: 57], P!; isolecto-, K, P!). Morinda glandulosa Merr., Philippine Journal of Science. Section C, Botany 9: 146 (1914); Morinda umbellata L. var. glandulosa Merr., Occasional Papers of Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History 15: 220 (1940). — Type: Marianas Islands, Tumon Road, XI.1911, Guam Experiment Station 37, J. B. hompson 376 (lecto-, designated by Johansson (1994: 55), NY!). Morinda velutina Guillaumin, Archives de Botanique, Mémoires 3, Caen 5: 44 (1930); Morinda myrtifolia A.Gray var. velutina (Guillaumin) J.T.Johanss., Opera Botanica 122: 59 (1994), syn. nov. —Type: New Caledonia, above Ouroué, near the mouth of Dotio, I.1872, Balansa 3421 (lecto-, designated by Johansson (1994: 59), P!; isolecto-, A!, P!). Morinda forsteri Seem. subsp. guillauminii Däniker, Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich 78: 465 (1933). — Type: New Caledonia, groves on the Nouméa peninsula, X.1870-I.1871, Balansa 2992 (holo-, Z; iso-, P!). Morinda myrtifolia A.Gray var. brevifolia J.T.Johanss., Opera Botanica 122: 55 (1994). —Type: New Caledonia, Négropo, northern plateau of Mont Prokoméo, 700 m alt., 27.I.1972, MacKee 24947 (holo-, P!). REMARKS We agree with Johansson (1994) that M. choriophylla, M. glandulosa, and M. forsteri are synonyms of M. myrtifolia and hereby reiterate their synonymies in order to avoid unnecessary combinations in Gynochthodes. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) 46. Gynochthodes nanlingensis (Y.Z.Ruan) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. 50. Gynochthodes officinalis (F.C.How) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda nanlingensis Y.Z.Ruan, Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 71: 329 (1999). — Type: China, Hunan, Yizhang, 5.VI.1941, Q. Liu 2948 (holo-, IBSC). BASIONYM. — Morinda oﬃcinalis F.C.How, Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 7: 326-327 (1958). — Type: China, Kwangtung, Lofou Shan, 11.V.1930, N. K. Chun 40965 (holo-, IBSC). Morinda nanlingensis Y.Z.Ruan var. pauciﬂora Y.Z.Ruan, Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 71: 331 (1999), syn. nov. — Type: China, Zhejiang, Hanzhou, X. Y. He 20528 (holo-, IBSC). Morinda oﬃcinalis F.C.How var. hirsuta F.C.How, Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 7: 328 (1958), syn. nov. — Type: China, Hainan, Tungfang Hsien, 15.XII.1955, Hainan Exped. 287 (holo-, IBSC). Morinda nanlingensis Y.Z.Ruan var. pilophora Y.Z.Ruan, Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 71: 331 (1999), syn. nov. — Type: China, Hunan, Huitong, Z. T. Li 2887 (holo-, IBSC). 47. Gynochthodes neocaledonica (S.Moore) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Lucinaea neocaledonica S.Moore, Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 45: 328 (1921); Morinda neocaledonica (S.Moore) Guillaumin, Archives de Botanique, Mémoire 3, Caen 3: 44 (1930). — Type: New Caledonia, Taom, 500 m alt., 2.XII.1914, Compton 2304 (lecto-, designated by Johansson (1994: 27), BM; iso-, P!). 48. Gynochthodes nitida (Merr.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda nitida Merr., Philippine Journal of Science 17: 435 (1920, publ. 1921). — Type: Philippines, Bucas Grande Island, VI.1919, Ramos & Pascasio BS 35074 (holo-, A!; iso-, US!). 49. Gynochthodes oblongifolia (Valeton) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda oblongifolia Valeton, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pfanzengeographie 61: 153 (1927). — Type: New Guinea, 100 m alt., 22.V.1912, Ledermann 7366 (holo-, ?). REMARKS We have not been able to trace the original material. According to Staﬂeu & Cowan (1986: 649), the type specimen may be located at BO. We made a request to this herbarium without success. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) 51. Gynochthodes oligocephala (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda oligocephala Merr. & L.M.Perry, Journal of Arnold Arboretum 26: 265 (1945). — Type: New Guinea, Tarar, Wassi Kussa River, XII.1936, Brass 8490 (holo-, A; iso-, BM!, L!, NY!). 52. Gynochthodes parvifolia (Bartl. ex DC.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda parvifolia Bartl. ex DC., Prodromus 4: 449 (1830). — Type: Philippines, Manila, 1.XII.1912, T. Haenke s.n. (holo- PR or PRC?; iso- MO!). Morinda cumingiana S.Vidal, Phanerogamae Cumingianae Philippinarum: 184 (1885); Lucinaea cumingiana S.Vidal, Phanerogamae Cumingianae Philippinarum: 216 (1885), syn. nov. — Type: Philippines, Albay Prov., H. Cuming 1242 (holo-, BM; iso-, L). REMARKS he holotype of Gynochthodes parvifolia is not found at G-DC herbarium or G herbarium. De Candolle (1830) referred to the Haenke herbarium, where he himself saw the type specimen. So, it is possible that the holotype is at PR or PRC herbarium, where the collections of Haenke are housed. We made requests from these herbaria without success. 53. Gynochthodes phyllireoides (Labill.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda phyllireoides Labill., Sertum austrocaledonicum 49: t. 49 (1825). — Type: New Caledonia, 293 Razaﬁmandimbison S. G. & Bremer B. probably Balade, 1793, Labillardière s.n. (lecto-, designated by Johansson (1994: 37), P!; iso-, BM, G, G-DC, K). 57. Gynochthodes pubiofficinalis (Y.Z.Ruan) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. Morinda vieillardii Baill., Adansonia s.n. 12: 230 (1879). — Type: New Caledonia, Wagap, 1861, Vieillard 719 pro parte (lecto-, designated by Johansson (1994: 37), P!; isolecto-; P!). BASIONYM. — Morinda pubioﬃcinalis Y.Z.Ruan, Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 71: 334 (1999). — Type: China, Guizhou, Tongren, Tsiang 5990 (holo-, IBSC). Morinda fallax Schltr., Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pﬂanzengeographie 39: 267 (1906). — Type: New Caledonia, in the mountain forests near Yaouhé, 400 m alt., 15.X.1902, Schlechter 15034 (lecto-, designated by Johansson (1994: 37), P!; isolecto-, BM, G, K, L!, P!, Z). Morinda ligustrina S.Moore, Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 14: 335 (1921). — Type: New Caledonia, Ignambi, 1400 m alt., 01.VIII.1914, Compton 1580 (holo-, BM). REMARKS We agree with Johansson (1994) that M. fallax, M. ligustrina, and M. vieillardi are synonyms of M. phyllireoides and hereby reiterate their synonymies in order to avoid unnecessary combinations in Gynochthodes. 54. Gynochthodes platyphylla (Merr.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda platyphylla Merr., Philippine Journal of Science 11: 33 (1916). — Type: Sorsogon Prov., Luzon Island, VIII.1915, M. Ramos BS 23414 (holo-, A!; iso-, BISH!, L!, NY!; US!). 55. Gynochthodes podistra (Halford & A.J.Ford) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda podistra Halford & A.J.Ford, Austrobaileya 6: 895 (2004). — Type: Australia, Queenland, Cook District, Daintree River National Park, Black Mountain area, Daintree River headwaters, 25.V.1998, P. I. Forster PIF22959, R. Jago, R. Jensen & R. Booth (holo-, BRI). 56. Gynochthodes polyneura (Miq.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda polyneura Miq., Flora van Nederlandsch Indië 2: 244 (1857). — Types: Horsﬁeld s.n. (syn-, BM, K, U in L), Junghuhn s.n. (syn-, L, U in L). 294 58. Gynochthodes reticulata (Valeton) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Lucinaea reticulata Valeton, Contribution to the Phytogeography and Flora of the Arfak Mountains 180 (1917); Morinda reticulata (Valeton) Valeton, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pfanzengeographie 61: 152 (1927). — Type: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Arfak Mts, Angi lakes, 7000 ft, Gibbs 5580 (holo-, BM!). 59. Gynochthodes retropila (Halford & A.J.Ford) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda retropila Halford & A.J.Ford, Austrobaileya 81: 85 (2009). — Type: Australia, Wooroonooran National Park, start of Bartle Frere walking track, 27.XI.2001, P.I.Forster PIF27757 & A.M.Young (holo-, BRI). REMARKS One specimen of Morinda retropila (as Morinda sp. 1) was included in Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2009), which supported the position of this species in Gynochthodes sensu Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2009). 60. Gynochthodes retusa (Poir.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda retusa Poir., Encyclopédie méthodique, Botanique Supplément 4: 316 (1797). — Type: Madagascar, unknown s.n. (holo-, P-LA). 61. Gynochthodes ridleyi (King & Gamble) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda umbellata L. var. ridleyi King & Gamble, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Part 2, Natural History 73: 88 (1904); Morinda ridleyi (King & Gamble) Ridl., Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2: 118 (1923). — Types: Singapore, in Botanic Garden Jungle, Ridley 5668, Ridley 6470, Ridley 6471, and Ridley 6916 (Syn-, K). ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) 62. Gynochthodes rigida (Miq.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda rigida Miq., Flora van Nederlandsch Indië 2: 246 (1857). — Type: Indonesia, Sumatra, near Sibogo, Teysmann s.n. (lecto-, designated by Johansson (1994: 15), U in L). 63. Gynochthodes rugulosa (Y.Z.Ruan) B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda rugulosa Y.Z.Ruan, Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 71: 328 (1999). — Type: China, Guangxi, Gongcheng, 13.VII.1931, S. S. Sin. 128651 (holo-, IBSC). 64. Gynochthodes sarmentosa (Blume) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda sarmentosa Blume, Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indië 1006 (Oct. 1826-Nov. 1827). — Type: Indonesia, Java, Blume s.n. (holo-, L!). Morinda sarmentosa Blume var. puberula Miq., Flora van Nederlandsch Indië 2: 245 (1857), syn. nov. — Type: Indonesia, Java, Horsﬁeld s.n. (holo-, L or U in L?). 65. Gynochthodes scabrifolia (Y.Z.Ruan) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. 67. Gynochthodes subcaudata (Valeton) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda subcaudata Valeton, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pfanzengeographie 61: 154 (1927). — Types: Ledermann 9069, 9885, 9925 (syn-, ?). REMARKS We have not been able to trace the original material. According to Staﬂeu & Cowan (1986: 649), the type specimens may be located at BO. We made a request to this herbarium without success. 68. Gynochthodes triandra (S.Moore) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda triandra S.Moore, Journal of Botany 61 (Supplement): 25 (1923). — Type: Sogere, Forbes 487 (holo-, BM). 69. Gynochthodes trimera (Hillebr.) Razaﬁm & B.Bremer, comb nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda trimera Hillebr., Flora Hawaiian Islands 177 (1888). — Type: Hawaiian Islands, east Maui, Hamakua, J. M. Lydgate s.n. (holo-, BISH!). Morinda sandwicensis O.Deg., Flora Hawaiiensis 332 (1936); Morinda sandwicensis O.Deg. var. sandwicensis, (autonym used by H.St.John, Paciﬁc Science 33 (4): 372 [1979, publ. 1980]), syn. nov. — Type: Hawaiian Island, Waianae Mts. 10.VII.1932, O. Degener, K. Park, & Y. Nitta 9423 (holo-, BISH!; iso-, MO!, NY!). BASIONYM. — Morinda scabrifolia Y.Z.Ruan, Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 71: 332 (1999). — Type: China, Yunnan, Bingbian, China-Soviet Union Exped. 3515 (holo-, IBSC). Morinda lainaiensis H.St.John, Paciﬁc Science 33 (4): 369 (1979, publ. 1980), syn. nov. — Type: Hawaiian Islands, Lanai Island, Kahinahina, 14.VI.1915, G. C. Mubro 262 (holo-, BISH!). 66. Gynochthodes shuanghuaensis (C.Y.Chen & M.S.Huang) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. Morinda sandwicensis O.Deg. var. glabrata (O.Deg.) H.St. John, Paciﬁc Science 33 (4): 372 (1979, publ. 1980); Morinda sandwicensis O.Deg. f. glabrata O.Deg., Flora Hawaiiensis, Family 332 (1936), syn. nov. — Type: Hawaiian Islands, Waianae Mts., 13.V.1932, O. Degener, K. Park, D. Topping, & O. Swezey 4150 (holo-, BISH!; iso-, NY). BASIONYM. — Morinda shuanghuaensis C.Y.Chen & M.S.Huang, Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 14: 70-71 (1976). — Type: China, Guangdong, Wuhua, 25.X.1975, Baji Expedition 045 (holo-, IBSC). ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) Morinda sandwicensis O.Deg. var. hosakae H.St.John, Paciﬁc Science 33 (4): 374 (1979, publ. 1980), syn. nov. — Type: Hawaiian Islands, Oahu Island, Koolau Range, 295 Razaﬁmandimbison S. G. & Bremer B. 16.IV.1923, E. Y. Hosaka 963 (holo-, BISH!; isotype, NTBG!). Morinda waikapuensis H.St.John, Paciﬁc Science 33 (4): 376 (1979, publ. 1980), syn. nov. — Type: Hawaiian Islands, Maui Island, Waikapu Valey, VI.1910, C. N. Forbes 133.M (holo-, BISH!). REMARKS Morinda trimera is one of the two arborescent species of Morinda that we transferred to Gynochthodes sensu Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2009) based on Razaﬁmandimbison & Bremer (unpubl. data) analyses based on combined nrETS, nrITS, rps16, and trnT-F data. he range of its ﬂowers length also falls within that of Gynochthodes. We consider M. lainaiensis, M. sandwicensis, and M. waikapuensis to be synonyms of M. trimera and hereby provide their synonymies in order to avoid unnecessary combinations in Gynochthodes. 70. Gynochthodes truncata (J.T. Johanss.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda truncata J.T.Johanss., Opera Botanica 122: 41 (1994). — Type: New Caledonia, sommet nord du Mt Kaala, 1000-1050 m alt., 25.XII.1966, MacKee 16146 (holo-, P!). 71. Gynochthodes umbellata (L.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda umbellata L., Species Plantarum 176 (1753). — Type: Herb. Hermann 3: 11, no. 81 (BM000621833) (lecto-, designated by Smith & Darwin [1988: 333], BM). Morinda padavara Juss. ex Schult., Systema Vegetabilium 5: 216 (1819), syn. nov. — Type: Malabar s.n. (lecto-, designated here, P-JU!). Morinda scandens Roxb., Flora of India 2: 201 (1824), syn. nov. — Type: drawing nº 2570 in Icones Roxburghinae (holo-, K). Morinda umbellata L. var. scortechinii King & Gamble, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Part 2. Natural History 73: 88 (1904); Morinda scortechinii (King & Gamble) Ridl., Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2: 118 (1923), syn. nov. — Type: Scortechini 2015 (holo-, K). 296 Morinda umbellata L. var. tonkinensis Pit., in Lecomte H. & Humbert H., Flore Générale de l’ Indochine 3: 323 (1924), syn. nov. — Type: Vietnam, Lang-bian, A. Chevalier s.n. (lecto-, designated here, P!). Morinda umbellata L. var. accuminatissima Valeton, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pfanzengeographie 61: 153 (1927), syn. nov. — Type: New Guinea, 850 m atl., Ledermann 9331 (holo-, ?). Morinda boninensis Ohwi, Feddes Repertorium 36: 57 (1934); Morinda umbellata L. var. boninensis (Ohwi) T.Yamaz., Journal of Japanese Botany 61: 343 (1986), syn. nov. — Type: S. Nishimura s.n. (holo-, TO). Morinda umbellata L. var. archboldiana Fosberg, Sargentia 1: 123 (1942), syn. nov. — Type: Fiji, Viti Levu, Serua, vicinity of Ngaloa, hulanuku, dense forest, 30 m alt., 29.IV.1941, Degener 15115 (holo-, US!; iso-, A!, NY!, S!). Morinda umbellata L. var. forsteri Seem., Sargentia 1: 123 (1942), syn. nov. — Type: Society Islands, J. R. & G. Forsteri s.n. (lecto-, designated by Smith & Darwin (1988: 333), K!; isolecto-, BM!). Morinda umbellata L. var. hahazimensis T.Yamaz., Journal of Japanese Botany 61: 343 (1986), syn. nov. — Type: Japan, Hahazima Island, 15.VII.1920, T. Nakai s.n. (holo-, TI). Morinda umbellata L. var. obovata Y.Z.Ruan, Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 71: 325 (1999), syn. nov. — Type: China, Guangdong, Fengshun & G. Li 201473 (holo-, IBSC). REMARKS We have not been able to trace the original material of Morinda umbellata L. var. accuminatissima Valeton. According to Staﬂeu and Cowan (1986: 649), the type specimen may be located at BO, P, and U. We made requests to these herbaria without success. 72. Gynochthodes villosa (Hook.f.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda villosa Hook.f., Flora of British India 3: 158 (1880). — Type: Wallich’ Cat. 8425 (holo-, K-W). ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) 73. Gynochthodes wallichii (Kurz) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Morinda wallichii Kurz, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Part 2, Natural History 41: 313 (1872). — Type: Herb. Kurz, Tenasserim s.n. (holo-, CAL). NEW NAMES 1. Gynochthodes alejandroi Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, nom. nov. REPLACED NAME. — Morinda philippinensis Elmer, Leaﬂets of Philippine Botany 3: 1044 (1911). — Type: Philippines, Capiz Prov., Magallanes (Mt. Giting-giting), Sibuan Island, V.1910, A. D. E. Elmer 12460 (holo-, A!; iso-, L!, NY!; US!). REMARKS he speciﬁc epithet “philippinensis” cannot be used in combination with Gynochthodes, as it would be a later homonym of Gynochthodes philippinensis (Elmer) Merr. he replacement name alejandroi refers to Dr. Grecebio J. Alejandro, who has a good knowledge of the Philippian Rubiaceae. 2. Gynochthodes ridsdalei Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, nom. nov. REPLACED NAME. — Morinda reticulata Gamble, Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 248 (1920). — Type: India (south), evergreen forests of Travancore, at Merchiston, 600 m alt., IV.1895, Bourdillon 591 (lecto-, K, designated here). REMARKS Morinda reticulata Gamble is an illegitimate name, as it is a later homonym of Morinda reticulata Benth., which has priority over the former. Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2009) conﬁrmed that the Australian Morinda reticulata Benth. belongs to Coelospermum, consistent with Baillon (1879) who already made the new combination Coelospermum decipiens Baill. he speciﬁc epithet “reticulata” cannot be used in combination with Gynochthodes, as it would be a later homonym of Gynochthodes reticulata (Valeton) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer. he replacement name rids- ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) dalei refers to Dr. Colin Ridsdale, who has a great knowledge of the tropical Asian Rubiaceae. Gamble (1920) listed two specimens, Bourdillon 591 and M. Rama Row 1281, when describing his Morinda reticulata. We chose Bourdillon 591 as lectotype. 3. Gynochthodes wongii Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, nom. nov. REPLACED NAME. — Morinda coriacea Merr., Philippine Journal of Science 17: 435 (1920, publ. 1921). — Type: Mindanao (Surigao), Ramos and Pascasio B.S. 34439 (holo-, A!; US!). REMARKS he speciﬁc epithet “coriacea” cannot be used in combination with Gynochthodes, as it would be a later homonym of Gynochthodes coriacea Blume, the type of Gynochthodes. he replacement name wongii refers to Professor Khoon Meng Wong (Malaysia), who has a great knowledge of the Southeast Asian Rubiaceae. Genus Morinda L. Species plantarum: 176 (1753). — Type: Morinda royoc L. (lecto-, designated by Hitchcock: 132 [1929]). Rojoc Adans., Famille des Plantes 2: 246 (1763). Appunettia Good, Journal of Botany 64 (Supplement 2): 30 (1926). — Type: Appunettia angolensis Good. Sarcopygme Setch. & Christoph., Occasional Papers of Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History 11: 4 (1935), syn. nov. — Type: Sarcopygme paciﬁca (Reinecke) Setch. & Christoph. DESCRIPTION Small trees or shrubs, rarely lianas. Leaves petiolate (rarely subsessile), chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous. Inﬂorescences mostly leaf-opposed (modiﬁed terminal inﬂorescences), sometimes axillary with heads arranged into secondarily compound inﬂorescences, composed of 1 to 3 heads, sometimes axillary with heads arranged into secondarily compound inﬂorescences, pedunculate (rarely sessile), branched. Flowers bisexual; corolla tubes 297 Razaﬁmandimbison S. G. & Bremer B. much larger than corolla lobes; ﬁlaments inserted in corolla throat, linear, glabrous, white; anthers partly exserted (rarely well exserted); disk annular, persistent in fruit; style ﬁliform, terete; stigma bilobate, more or less recurved, not exserted; ovaries inferior, bilocular, with longitudinal false dissepiment, ovaries of all ﬂowers of a head basally to completely fused; locule biovular. Fruits fused into syncarps. Seed globose or semi-globose. NUMBER OF SPECIES RECOGNIZED 40 species (see Appendix 1). DISTRIBUTION 3. Morinda multinervis (Setch. & Christoph.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Sarcopygme multinervis Setch. & Christoph., Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 154: 69 (1938). — Type: Samoa, Christophersen & Hume 2299 (holo-, BISH!). 4. Morinda pacifica (Reinecke) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Sarcocephalus paciﬁcus Reinecke, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pfanzengeographie 25: 681, pl. 13 (1898); Sarcopygme paciﬁca (Reinecke) Setch. & Christoph., Occasional Papers of Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History 11: 4 (1935). — Type: Samoa, Upolu, Reinecke 1623 (holo-, HBG). Pantropical. NEW COMBINATIONS he type of the Samoan genus Sarcopygme was nested in Morinda sensu stricto in Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2009). As a consequence, we transfer below all the ﬁve described species to Morinda. 1. Morinda intermedia (Setch. & Christoph.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Sarcopygme intermedia Setch. & Christoph., Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 154: 67 (1938). — Type: Samoa, wet forest above Matavanu crater, atl. 1400 m, 28.VII.1931 (fr.), Christophersen & Hume 2193 (holo-, BISH!). 5. Morinda ramosa (Lauterb.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Sarcocephalus ramosus Lauterb., Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pfanzengeographie 41: 235 (1908); Sarcopygme ramosa (Lauterb.) Setch. & Christoph., Occasional Papers of Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History 11: 4 (1935). — Type: Samoa, Savaii, Mataana, alt. 1600 m, 20.IX.1906, Vaupel 525 (holo-, B probably destroyed). SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM MORINDA A total of 29 species of Morinda have been excluded from Morinda sensu Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2009), of which 12 neotropical species are transferred back to Appunia. 1. Morinda axillaris Lam. ex Poir. 2. Morinda mayorii (Setch.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer, comb. nov. BASIONYM. — Breonia (?) mayorii Setch., American Samoa: 44, pls 6-7 (1924); Sarcopygme mayorii (Setch.) Setch. & Christoph., Occasional Papers of Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History 11: 5 (1935). — Type: Samoa, Tutuila, trail to Matafao, I.1922, Setchell 419 (holo-, UC). 298 Encyclopédie Méthodique. Botanique Supplément 4: 315 (1797) = Saldinia axillaris (Lam. ex Poir.) Bremek., Candollea 16: 110 (1957). 2. Morinda aurantiaca (K.Krause) Steyerm. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 385 (1972) = Appunia aurantiaca (K.Krause) Sandwith, ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) Kew Bulletin 472 (1931) (based on Rudgea aurantiaca K.Krause, Notizblatt des Botanichen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 6: 206 [1914]). 3. Morinda beccariana Baill. ex K.Schum. Die Natürlichen Pﬂanzenfamilien 4, 4: 138 (1891) = Primatomeris beccariana (Baill. ex K.Schum.) J.T.Johanss., Opera Botanica 94: 57 (1987). 4. Morinda borneensis (Baill.) K.Schum. Die Natürlichen Pﬂanzenfamilien 4, 4: 138 (1891) = Rennellia borneensis Baill., Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Paris 1: 205 (1879). 5. Morinda brachycalyx (Bremek.) Steyerm. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 385 (1972) = Appunia brachycalyx (Bremek.) Steyerm., Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 359 (1967) (based on Bellynkxia brachycalyx Bremek., Recueil des Travaux botaniques néerlandais 31: 227 [1934]). 9. Morinda guatemalensis (Donn.Sm.) Steyerm. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 385 (1972) = Appunia guatemalensis Donn.Sm., Botanical Gazette 48: 294 (1909). 10. Morinda hypotephra F.Muell. Victorian Naturalist 6: 55 (July 1889) = Palmeria hypotephra (F.Muell.) Domin (Monimiaceae), Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 12: 390 (1913). REMARKS he name Morinda hypotephra F.Muell. was misapplied in the past (up to 1997) to the species that we refer to an undescribed Morinda sp. 1 in Razaﬁmandimbison et al. (2009) and was recently described by Halford & Ford (2009) as Morinda retropila Halford & A.J.Ford (see Appendix 1). he type of the name Morinda hypotephra F.Muell. is actually a species of Palmeria, P. hypotephra (F.Muell.) Domin, of the family Monimiaceae and this synonymy was conﬁrmed by Whiﬃn & Foreman (2007). 6. Morinda calycina (Benth.) Steyerm. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 385 (1972) = Appunia calycina (Benth.) Sandwith, Kew Bulletin 471 (1931) (based on Coﬀea calycina Benth., Journal of Botany by William Jackson Hooker 3: 232 [1841]; other combination: Bellynkxia calycina (Benth.) Bremek., Recueil des Travaux botaniques néerlandais 31: 276 [1934]). 11. Morinda korthalsiana Miq. Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi 4: 214 (1869) = Rennellia morindiformis (Korth.) Ridl., Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1939: 609 (1940). 7. Morinda debilis (Sandwith) Steyerm. 12. Morinda longiloba (Steyerm.) Steyerm. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 385 (1972) = Appunia debilis Sandwith, Kew Bulletin 471 (1931). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 385 (1972) = Appunia longiloba Steyerm., Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 359 (1967). 8. Morinda esquirolii H.Lév. 13. Morinda longipedunculata Steyerm. Flore du Kouy-Tchéou 368 (1915) = Macaranga andamanica Kurz, Forest Flora of British Burma 2: 389 (1877). Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden 75: 340 (1988) = Appunia longipedunculata (Steyerm.) Delprete, Journal of Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3: 809 (2009). ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) 299 Razaﬁmandimbison S. G. & Bremer B. 14. Morinda muscosa Jacq. 21. Morinda sparsiflora (Steyerm.) Steyerm. Selectarum Stirpium Americanarum Historia in qua ad Linnaeanum Systema Determinatae 65 (1763) = Psychotria muscosa (Jacq.) Steyerm., Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 671 (1972). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 385 (1972) = Appunia sparsiﬂora Steyerm., Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 356 (1967). 22. Morinda speciosa Wall. ex Kurz 15. Morinda odontocalyx (Sandwith) Steyerm. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 385 (1972) = Appunia odontocalyx Sandwith, Kew Bulletin 472 (1931) (based on Bellynksia odontocalyx (Sandwith) Bemek., Recueil des Travaux botaniques néerlandais 31: 276 [1934]). 16. Morinda palmetorum DC. Prodromus 4: 448 (1830) = Psychotria peduncularis var. palmetorum (DC.) Verdc., Kew Bulletin 30: 257 (1975). 17. Morinda peduncularis Kunth Nova Genera et Species Plantarum 3: 380 (1818) = Appunia peduncularis (Kunth) Delprete, Journal of Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3: 809 (2009). Forest Flora of Burma 2: 62 (1877) = Rennellia speciosa (Wall. ex Kurz) Hook.f., Flora of British India 3: 158 (1880). 23. Morinda sumatrana Miq. Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi 4: 213 (1869) = Rennellia elliptica Korth., Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief 2, 2: 257 (1851). 24. Morinda surinamensis (Bremek.) Steyerm. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 386 (1972) = Appunia surinamensis (Bremek.) Steyerm., Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 359 (1967) (based on Bellynkxia surinamensis Bremek., Recueil des Travaux botaniques néerlandais 31: 276 (1934); other combination: Cordiera surinamensis Miq. ex Bremek., Recueil des Travaux botaniques néerlandais 31: 276 [1934] nom. inval. pro. syn.). 18. Morinda polysperma Jack Malayan Miscellanies 1: 14 (1820) = Schradera polysperma (Jack) Puﬀ, Buchner & Greimler, Blumea 43: 293 (1998); other combination: Lucinaea polysperma (Jack) K.Schum., Die Natürlichen Pﬂanzenfamilien 4, 4: 64 [1891]. 19. Morinda salomoniensis Engl. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Pfanzengeographie 7: 478 (1886) = Coelospermum salomoniense (Engl.) J.T.Johanss., Blumea 33: 281 (1988). 20. Morinda seibertii (Standl.) Steyerm. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 386 (1972) = Appunia seibertii Standl., Annals Missouri Botanical Garden 24: 208 (1937). 300 25. Morinda tenuiflora (Benth.) Steyerm. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 386 (1972) = Appunia tenuiﬂora (Benth.) B.D.Jacks., Kew Index 1: 166 (1893) (based on Coﬀea tenuiﬂora Benth., Journal of Botany by William Jackson Hooker 3: 232 (1841)). 26. Morinda tribrachya K.Schum. Die Naturlichen Pﬂanzenfamilien 4(4): 138 (1891) = Rennellia morindiformis (Korth.) Ridl., Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1939: 609 (1940). 27. Morinda triphylla (Ducke) Steyerm. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 386 (1972) = Appunia triphylla Ducke, Notizblatt des Bota- ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) nischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 11: 482 (1932; other combination: Bellynkxia triphylla (Ducke) Bremek., Recueil des Travaux botaniques néerlandais 31: 276 (1934)). 28. Morinda volubilis Merr. Philippine Journal of Science, Section C, Botany 1 (Supplement 5): 137 (1906) = Coelospermum volubile (Merr.) J.T.Johanss., Blumea 33: 281 (1988). 29. Morinda venezuelensis (Steyerm.) Steyerm. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 386 (1972) = Appunia venezuelensis Steyerm. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 356 (1967). DUBIOUS SPECIES 1. Morinda lastelliana Baill. – Adansonia 12: 231 (1879). Remarks Examination of the type specimen of M. lastelliana (at P) shows that it probably represents a species of the genus rubiaceous Danais in the tribe Danaideae (A. P. Davis, pers. com.). Genus Siphonandrium K.Schum. Nachträge zur Flora der deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Südsee 394 (1905). — Type: Siphonandrium intricatum K.Schum. DESCRIPTION See Schumann & Lauterbach (1905). NUMBER OF RECOGNIZED SPECIES One species (see Appendix 1). DISTRIBUTION New Guinea. Acknowledgements We thank David Halford for informing us about the identity of Morinda hypotephra; Sachiko Nishida and Armand Randrianasolo for providing some Japanese ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) and Chinese literature; Martin Callmander for checking the presence of the type specimens of Morinda cochinchinensis DC and Morinda parvifolia Bartl. ex DC at G-DC and G herbaria; Martin Callmander and Nicolas Fumeaux for helping with the nomenclatural issues of M. cochinchinensis; Aaron Davis, Elmar Robbrecht, and Rafaël Govaerts for their invaluable comments on an early version of the paper; and the following herbaria for making scanned images of their type specimens of Morinda available online: A, BR, BM, F, K, L, MO, NY, P, U in L, US; S and UPS for allowing access to collections; and Dr. Neill Snow and BISH for providing scanned images. REFERENCES AUBLET J. B. C. F. 1775. — Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Française 1. P.-F. Didot jeune, London & Paris, 392 p. BAILLON, H. 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(Kew) - Standardspecies of Linnean genera of Phanerogamae (1753-54), in RAMSBOTTOM J., SPRAGUE T. A., WILLMOTT A. J. & WAKEFIELD E. M. (eds), International Botanical Congress, Cambridge, 1930, Nomenclature: Proposal by British Botanist. Wyman & Sons, London: 110-199. JACKSON B. D. 1893. — Appunia tenuiﬂora (Benth.) B.D.Jacks. Index Kewensis 1: 166. JOHANSSON J. T. 1987. — Revision of the genus Prismatomeris hw. (Rubiaceae, Morindeae). Opera Botanica 94: 1-62. JOHANSSON J. T. 1988. — Revision of the genus Caelospermum Blume (Rubiaceae, Rubioideae, Morindeae). Blumea 33: 265-297. JOHANSSON J. T. 1994. — he genus Morinda (Morindeae, Rubioideae, Rubiaceae) in New Caledonia: Taxonomy and phylogeny. Opera Botanica 122: 5-67. KORTHALS P. W. 1851. — Overzigt der Rubiaceën van de Nederlandschoostindische Kolonien. Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief 2: 255-257. KRAUSE K. 1908. — Olostyla nigrescens K.Krause. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pfanzengeographie 40: 39. KRAUSE K. 1914. — Rubiaceae. Notizblatt des Botanichen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 6: 200-212. KUTZ W. S. 1877. — Forest ﬂora of British Burma 2. Ofﬁce of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 1162 p. LÉVEILLÉ A. A. H. 1914-1915. — Flore du Kouy-Tchéou. Le Mans, 532 p. MCNEILL J., BARRIE F. R., BURDET H. M., DEMOULIN V., HAWKSWORTH D. L., MARHOLD K., NICOLSON D. H., SILVA P. C., SKOG J. E., WIERSEMA J. H. & TURLAND N. J. 2006. — International Code of Botanical Nomenclature 2006 (Vienna Code): adopted by the Seventeenth International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, July 2005. Regnum Vegetabile 146. 1-568. MIQUEL F. A. G. 1867. — Coelospermum gmelinii Miq. Annals Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi 3: 62. PUFF C., GREIMLER J. & BUCHNER R. 1998. — Revision of Schradera (Rubiaceae-Schradereae) in Malesia. Blumea 43: 287-335. RAZAFIMANDIMBISON S. G., MCDOWELL T. D., HALFORD D. A. & BREMER B. 2009. — Molecular phylogenetics and genetic assessment in the tribe Morindeae (RubiaceaeRubioideae): How to circumscribe Morinda L. to be 302 monophyletic? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52: 879-886. RAZAFIMANDIMBISON S. G., RYDIN C. & BREMER B. 2008. — Evolution and trends in the Psychotrieae alliance (Rubiaceae): a rarely reported evolutionary change of many-seeded carpels from one-seeded carpels. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48: 207-223. RIDLEY N. H. 1930. — Notes on some Malayan Rubiaceae. Morindeae. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 9: 600-611. SANDWITH N. Y. 1931. — Contribution to the Flora of tropical America: VIII. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 10: 467-492. SCHUMANN K. 1891. — Rubiaceae, in ENGLER A. & PRANTL K. (eds). Die natürlichen Pﬂanzenfamilien vol. IV(4). W. Engelmann, Leipzig: 1-156. SCHUMANN K. & LAUTERBACH K. 1905. — Nachträge zur Flora der Deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Südsee. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Leipzig, 446 p. SETCHELL W. A. & CHRISTOPHERSEN E. 1935. — Preliminary notes on Sarcopygme, a new rubiaceous genus from Samoa. Occasional Papers of Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History 11: 3–5. SPANOGHE J. B. 1841. — Prodromus florae timorensis. Linnaea 15: 318. STAFLEU F. A. & COWAN R. S. 1986. — Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. 2nd ed., 6 (Sti-Vuy). Regnum Vegetabile 115: 1-926. STANDLEY P. C. & STEYERMARK J. A. 1943. — Study of Central America Plants. III. Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 23: 24. STEYERMARK J. A. 1967. — Rubiaceae, in MAGUIRE B. & COLLABORATORS (eds), he botany of the Guayana Highland. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 1-439. STEYERMARK, J. A. 1972. — Rubiaceae, in MAGUIRE B. & COLLABORATORS (eds), he botany of the Guayana Highland – Part IX. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 227–832. VALETON, T. 1927. — Die Rubiaceae von Papuasien 2. Coﬀeoideae, in LAUTERBACH K. (ed.), Beiträge zur Flora von Papuasien 14. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pﬂanzengeschichte und Planzengeographie 61: 32-163. VERDCOURT B. 1975. — Studies in the Rubiaceae-Rubioideae for the ﬂora of tropical East Africa. Kew Bulletin 30: 247-326. WHIFFIN T. & FOREMAN D. B. 2007. — Monimiaceae. Flora of Australia 2. Australian Biological Resources Study/CSIRO Publishing, 486 p. Submitted on 29 October 2009; accepted on 17 February 2011. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) APPENDIX 1 Index of names associated with Appunia, Coelospermum, Gynochthodes, Morinda, and Siphonandrium. 1, new names; bold, type species. Species recognized in this study Homotypic synonyms Heterotypic synonyms Appunia angulata (Benth.) Baill. Ixora angulata Benth.; Bellynkxia angulata (Benth.) Müll.Arg. Appunia aurantiaca (K.Krause) Rudgea aurantiaca K.Krause; Morinda Sandwith aurantiaca (K.Krause) Steyerm. Appunia brachycalyx (Bremek.) Bellynkxia brachycalyx Bremek.; Steyerm. Morinda brachycalyx (Bremek.) Steyerm. Appunia calycina (Benth) Sandwith Coffea calycina Benth.; Bellynkxia calycina (Benth.) Bremek.; Morinda calycina (Benth.) Steyerm. Appunia debilis Sandwith Morinda debilis (Sandwith) Steyerm. Appunia guatemalensis Donn.Sm. Morinda guatemalensis (Donn.Sm.) Steyerm. Appunia longipedunculata (Steyerm.) Morinda longipedunculata Steyerm. Delprete Appunia megalantha C.M.Taylor & Lorence Appunia odontocalyx Sandwith Bellynkxia odontocalyx (Sandwith) Bremek.; Morinda odontocalyx (Sandwith) Steyerm. Appunia peduncularis (Kunth) Morinda peduncularis Kunth Delprete Appunia siebertii Standl. Morinda siebertii (Standl.) Steyerm. Appunia surinamensis (Bremek.) Bellynkxia surinamensis Bremek.; Steyerm. Morinda surinamensis (Bremek.) Steyerm.; Cordiera surinamensis Miq. ex Bremek. Coffea tenuiﬂora Benth.; Morinda Appunia longiloba Steyerm.; Morinda Appunia tenuiﬂora (Benth.) tenuiﬂora (Benth.) Steyerm. longiloba (Steyerm.)Steyerm.; B.D.Jacks. Appunia sparsiﬂora Steyerm.; Morinda sparsiﬂora (Steyerm.)Steyerm. Appunia triphylla Ducke Bellynkxia triphylla (Ducke) Bremek.; Morinda triphylla (Ducke) Steyerm. Appunia venezuelensis Steyerm. Morinda venezuelensis (Steyerm.) Steyerm. Coelospermum balansanum Baill. Stylocorina corymbosa Labill.; Olostyla corymbosa (Labill.) DC.; C. corymbosum (Labill.) Baill. ex K.Schum.; C. billardieri Däniker; Merismostigma neocaledonicum Moore Coelospermum crassifolium J.T.Johanss. Coelospermum dasylobium Halford & A.J.Ford Coelospermum decipiens Baill. Morinda reticulata Benth. Coelospermum monticolum Baill. ex Guillaumin Coelospermum paniculatum F.Muell. Coelospermum purpureum Halford & A.J.Ford ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) 303 Razaﬁmandimbison S. G. & Bremer B. APPENDIX 1 – Continuation. Species recognized in this study Coelospermum reticulatus (F.Muell.) Benth. Coelospermum salomoniense (Engl.) J.T.Johanss. Coelospermum truncatum (Wall.) Baill. ex K.Schum. Coelospermum volubile (Merr.) J.T.Johanss. Gynochthodes alejandroi Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer1 Gynochthodes ammitia (Halford & A.J.Ford) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes artensis (Montrouz.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes australensis J.T.Johanss. Gynochthodes badia (Y.Z.Ruan) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes bartlingii (Elmer) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes billardierei (Baill.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes brevipes (S.Y.Hu.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes bucidifolia (A.Gray) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Homotypic synonyms Pogonolobus reticulatus F.Muell. Heterotypic synonyms Morinda salomoniensis Engl. Morinda volubilis auct. non Merrill Cupia truncata (Wall.) DC.; Diplospora Coelospermum scandens Blume; truncata (Wall.) Steud.; Pseudixora C. corymbosum Blume ex DC.; truncata (Wall.) Miq.; Trisciadia C. morindiforme Pierre ex Pitard; truncata (Wall.) Hook.f. C. acuminatum Geddes; C. luteum Geddes; C. kanehirae Merr. Morinda volubile Merr. Morinda philippinensis Elmer Morinda ammitia Halford & A.J.Ford Morinda artensis Montrouz. Morinda badia Y.Z.Ruan Morinda bartlingii Elmer Morinda billardierei Baill. Morinda brevipes S.Y.Hu Morinda bucidifolia A.Gray; Morinda umbellata L. var. bucidifolia (A.Gray) Forsberg Gynochthodes calciphila (K.M.Wong) Morinda calciphila K.M.Wong Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes callicarpifolia Morinda callicarpifolia Y.Z.Ruan (Y.Z.Ruan) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes candollei (Montrouz.) Pogonanthus candollei Montrouz.; Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Morinda candollei (Montrouz.) Beauvis. Gynochthodes canthoides (F.Muell.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes celebica (Miq.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes cinnamomea (Craib) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes cinnamomifoliata (Y.Z.Ruan) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes citrina (Y.Z.Ruan) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes cochinchinensis (DC.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer 304 Morinda pulchella Schltr.; Morinda candollei Montrouz. var. subvillosa Guillaumin; Morinda candollei (Montrouz.) Beauvis. var. angustifolia Guillaumin Coprosma canthoides F.Muell.; Coprosma acutifolia F.Muell. ex Benth.; Morinda acutifolia F.Muell.; Morinda canthoides (F.Muell.) Halford & R.J.F.Hend Morinda celebica Miq. Morinda cinnamomea Craib Morinda cinnamomifoliata Y.Z.Ruan Morinda citrina Y.Z.Ruan Morinda cochinchinensis DC. Morinda citrina Y.Z.Ruan var. chlorina Y.Z.Ruan Morinda trichophylla Merr. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) APPENDIX 1 – Continuation. Species recognized in this study Gynochthodes collina (Schltr.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes constipata (Halford & A.J.Ford) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes coriacea Blume Gynochthodes costata (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes decipiens (Schltr.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes deplanchei (Hook.f.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Homotypic synonyms Morinda collina Schltr. Heterotypic synonyms Morinda elongata Schltr. Morinda constipata Halford & A.J.Ford Morinda costata Merr. & L.M.Perry Morinda decipiens Schltr. Imantina deplanchei Hook.f.; Morinda Morinda gatopensis Guillaumin; deplanchei (Hook.f.) Baill. Morinda podocarpifolia Guillaumin; Morinda alyxioides Guillaumin Gynochthodes elliptifolia (Quisumb. & Morinda elliptifolia Quisumb. & Merr. Merr.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes elmeri (Merr.) Morinda elmeri Merr. Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes epiphytica (Rech.) Plectronia epiphytica Rech. Gynochthodes ovalifolia (Valeton) A.C.Sm. & S.P.Darwin Kaneh.; G. trukensis Hosok. Gynochthodes gjellerupii (Valeton) Morinda gjellerupii Valeton Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes glaucescens (Schltr.) Morinda glaucescens Schltr. Morinda schumanniana Schltr. Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes glomerata (Blume) Sphaerophora glomerata Blume; Sphaerophora gemella Blume; Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Morinda glomerata (Blume) Miq. Morinda gemella (Blume) Miq. Gynochthodes grayi (Seem.) Morinda grayi Seem. Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes hainanensis (Merr. & Morinda hainanensis Merr. & F.C.How F.C.How) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes hirtella (Merr. & Morinda hirtella Merr. & L.M.Perry L.M.Perry) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes hispida (K.M.Wong) Morinda hispida K.M.Wong Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes hollrungiana (Valeton) Morinda hollrungiana Valeton Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes howiana (S.Y.Hu) Morinda howiana S.Y.Hu Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes hupehensis (S.Y.Hu) Morinda hupehensis S.Y.Hu Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes jackiana (Korth.) Morinda jackiana Korth. Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes jasminoides (A.Cunn.) Morinda jasminoides A.Cunn. Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes kanalensis (Baill. ex Morinda kanalensis Baill. ex Guillaumin) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Guillaumin Gynochthodes lacunosa (King & Morinda lacunosa King & Gamble Gamble) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes lenticellata (C.B.Rob.) Tetralopha lenticellata C.B.Rob. Merr. Gynochthodes leparensis (Valeton) Morinda leparensis Valeton Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes leptocalama Morinda leptocalama Wernham (Wernham) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes litseifolia (Y.Z.Ruan) Morinda litseifolia Y.Z.Ruan. Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) 305 Razaﬁmandimbison S. G. & Bremer B. APPENDIX 1 – Continuation. Species recognized in this study Homotypic synonyms Gynochthodes macrophylla Kurz Gynochthodes micrantha (Valeton) Morinda micrantha Valeton Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes microcephala (Bartl. Morinda microcephala Bartl. ex DC. ex DC.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes mindanaensis Merr. Gynochthodes mollis (A.Gray) Morinda mollis A.Gray Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes montana (J.T.Johanss.) Morinda montana J.T.Johanss. Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes myrtifolia (A.Gray) Morinda myrtifolia A.Gray; M. Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer myrtifolia A.Gray var. myrtifolia J.T.Johanss. Gynochthodes nanlingensis (Y.Z.Ruan) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Morinda nanlingensis Y.Z.Ruan Gynochthodes neocaledonica (S.Moore) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Lucinaea neocaledonica S.Moore; Morinda neocaledonica (S.Moore) Guillaumin Tetralopha nigra Merr. Morinda nitida Merr. Gynochthodes nigra (Merr.) Merr. Gynochthodes nitida (Merr.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes oblongifolia (Valeton) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes ofﬁcinalis (F.C.How) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes oligantha Merr. Gynochthodes oligocephala (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes oresbia Halford & A.J.Ford Gynochthodes parvifolia (Bartl. ex DC.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes phylippinensis (Elmer) Merr. Gynochthodes phyllireoides (Labill.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes platyphylla (Merr.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes podistra (Halford & A.J.Ford) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes pollilensis (C.B.Rob.) Ruhsam Gynochthodes polyneura (Miq.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes proboscidea Pierre ex. Pit. Gynochthodes puberula Craib Gynochthodes pubifolia Merr. 306 Heterotypic synonyms Morinda candollei Montrouz. var. villosa Guillaumin Morinda forsteri Seem.; M. choriophylla Baill.; M. myrtifolia A.Gray var. choriophylla (Baill.) J.T.Johanss.; M. glandulosa Merr.; M. velutina Guillaumin; M. forsteri Seem. subsp. guillauminii Däniker; M. myrtifolia A.Gray var. brevifolia J.T.Johanss. Morinda nanlingensis Y.Z.Ruan var. pauciﬂora Y.Z.Ruan; M. nanlingensis Y.Z.Ruan var. pilophora Y.Z.Ruan Morinda oblongifolia Valeton Morinda ofﬁcinalis F.C.How Morinda ofﬁcinalis var. hirsuta F.C.How Morinda oligocephala Merr. & L.M.Perry Morinda parvifolia Bartl. ex DC. Morinda cumingiana S.Vidal Tetralopha philippinensis Elmer Morinda phyllireoides Labill. Morinda vieillardii Baill.; Morinda fallax Schltr.; Morinda ligustrina S.Moore Morinda platyphylla Merr. Morinda podistra Halford & A.J.Ford Tetralopha pollilensis C.B.Rob. Morinda polyneura Miq. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) APPENDIX 1 – Continuation. Species recognized in this study Homotypic synonyms Gynochthodes pubiofﬁcinalis Morinda pubiofﬁcinalis Y.Z.Ruan (Y.Z.Ruan) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes reticulata (Valeton) Lucinaea reticulata Valeton; Morinda Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer reticulata (Valeton) Valeton Gynochthodes retropila (Halford & Morinda retropila Halford & A.J.Ford A.J.Ford) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes retusa (Poir.) Morinda retusa Poir. Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes ridleyi (King & Gamble) Morinda umbellata L. var. ridleyi Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer King & Gamble; Morinda ridleyi king & Gamble Gynochthodes ridsdalei Razaﬁm. & Morinda reticulata Gamble B.Bremer1 Gynochthodes rigida (Miq.) Morinda rigida Miq. Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes rugulosa (Y.Z.Ruan) Morinda rugulosa Y.Z.Ruan B.Bremer Gynochthodes sarmentosa (Blume) Morinda sarmentosa Blume Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes scabrifolia (Y.Z.Ruan) Morinda scabrifolia Y.Z.Ruan Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes sessilis Halford Gynochthodes shuanghuaensis Morinda shuanghuaensis C.Y.Chen & (C.Y.Chen & M.S.Huang) Razaﬁm. & M.S.Huang B.Bremer Gynochthodes subcaudata (Valeton) Morinda subcaudata Valeton Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes sublanceolata Miq. Gynochthodes triandra (S.Moore) Morinda triandra S.Moore Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes trimera (Hillebr.) Morinda trimera Hillebr. Razaﬁm & B.Bremer Gynochthodes truncata (J.T. Johanss.) Morinda truncata J.T.Johanss. Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes umbellata (L.) Morinda umbellata L. Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Heterotypic synonyms Morinda sarmentosa Blume var. puberula Miq. Gynochthodes tetrandra Kuntze Morinda sandwicensis O.Deg.; M. lainaiensis H.St.John; M. sandwicensis O.Deg. var. glabrata O.Deg.; M. sandwicensis O.Deg. var. hosakae H.St.John; M. sandwicensis O.Deg. var. sandwicensis; M. waikapuensis H.St.John Morinda padavara Juss. ex Schult.; M. scandens Roxb.; M. umbellata L. var. scortechinii King & Gamble; M. umbellata L. var. tonkinensis Pit.; M. umbellata L. var. accuminatissima Valeton; M. boninensis Ohwi; M. umbellata L. var. archboldiana Fosberg; M. umbellata L. var. bucidifolia (A.Gray) Forsberg; M. umbellata L. var. forsteri Seem.; M. umbellata L. var. hahazimensis T.Yamaz.; M. umbellata L. var. obovata Y.Z.Ruan Gynochthodes verticillata (Valeton) Hosok ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) 307 Razaﬁmandimbison S. G. & Bremer B. APPENDIX 1 – Continuation. Species recognized in this study Gynochthodes villosa (Hook.f.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes wallichii (Kurz) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Gynochthodes wongii Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer1 Morinda angolensis (R.D.Good) F.White Morinda angustifolia Roxb. Morinda asteroscepa K.Schum. Morinda buchii Urb. Morinda citrifolia L. Homotypic synonyms Morinda villosa Hook.f. Morinda wallichii Kurz Morinda coriacea Merr. Appunettia angolensis R.D.Good Morinda squarrosa Buch.-Ham. Morinda aspera Wight & Am.; M. asperula Standl.; M. bracteata (Roxb.) Kurz; M. chachuca Buch.-Ham.; M. ligulata Blanco; M. littoralis Blanco; M. macrophylla Desf.; M. mudia Buch.-Ham.; M. multiﬂora Roxb.; M. nodosa Buch.-Ham.; M. quadrangularis G.Don; M. stenophylla Spreng.; M. teysmanniana Noronha; M. tinctoria Noronha; M. zollingeriana Miq. Morinda exserta Roxb.; M. tinctoria Roxb. Morinda coreia Buch.-Ham. Morinda corneri K.M.Wong Morinda elliptica (Hook.f.) Ridl. Morinda citrifolia L. var. elliptica Hook.f. Morinda fasciculata Benth. Morinda geminata DC. Morinda hoffmannioides Standl. Morinda intermedia (Setch. & Christoph.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Morinda latibracteata Valeton Morinda laxa DC. Morinda leiantha Kurz Morinda longiﬂora G.Don Morinda longifolia Craib Morinda longissima Y.Z.Ruan Morinda lucida Benth. Morinda mayorii (Setch.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Morinda moaensis Alain Morinda morindoides (Baker) MilneRedh. Morinda multinervis (Setch. & Christoph.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Morinda nana Craib. Morinda paciﬁca (Reinecke) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Heterotypic synonyms Morinda batesii Wernham, M. chrysorhiza (Thonn.) DC. Sarcopygme intermedia Setch. & Christoph. Morinda citrifolia sensu Hiern (1898) Breonia (?) mayorii Setch.; Sarcopygme mayorii (Setch.) Setch. & Christoph. Morinda confusa Huch. Sarcopygme multinervis Setch. & Christoph. Sarcocephalus paciﬁcus Reinecke; Sarcopygme paciﬁca (Reinecke) Setch. & Christoph. Morinda panamensis Seem. Morinda pandurifolia Kuntze 308 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) APPENDIX 1 – Continuation. Species recognized in this study Morinda pedunculata Valeton Morinda persicifolia Buch.-Ham. Morinda pumila Craib Morinda ramosa (Lauterb.) Razaﬁm. & B.Bremer Morinda rosiﬂora Y.Z.Ruan Morinda royoc L. Homotypic synonyms Heterotypic synonyms Morinda lanceolata Wall.; M. talmyi Pierre ex Pit. Sarcocephalus ramosus Lauterb.; Sarcopygme ramosa (Lauterb.) Setch. & Christoph. Morinda ferruginea A.Rich.; M. yucatanensis Greenm. Morinda scabrida Craib Morinda sessiliﬂora Bertol. Morinda titanophylla E.M.A.Petit Morinda tomentosa B.Heine ex Roth Morinda turbacensis Kunth Morinda undulata Y.Z.Ruan Siphonandrium intricatum K.Schum. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2011 • 33 (2) 309

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