Endemic plants of Ethiopia: Preliminary working list to contribute to National plant conservation target

Alemayehu Abera

Plant functional types across environmental gradients can be considered as a powerful proxy that reveals vegetation–environment relationships. The objectives of this study were to investigate the response in the relative abundance of plant functional types along altitudinal gradients and to examine the relationship of plant functional types to environmental variables. The study was conducted in the Gughe-Amaro Mountains, in the southwest Ethiopian highlands. We established 74 plots with an area of 400 m 2 (20 × 20 m) each along altitudinal ranges between 1000 and 3000 m asl. Data on site environmental conditions and on the abundance of plant functional types were analysed using the constrained linear ordination technique (RDA) in order to identify the relationships between plant functional types and environmental variables. Altitude, soil organic carbon, soil sand fraction and surface stone cover were significantly related to the relative abundance of plant functional types across the gradient. Tussocks and thorns/spines were abundant in lower altitudinal ranges in response to herbivory and drought while rhizomes and rosettes were abundant at higher altitudes in response to the cold. Generally our results show that topographic attributes (altitude and slope) as well as soil organic carbon play an important role in differentiating the relative abundance of plant functional types in the investigated gradient. Thus, considering specific plant functional types would provide a better understanding of the ecological patterns of vegetation and their response to environmental gradients in tropical regions of Africa prone to drought.

A study on plant diversity and community analysis was conducted between October 2014 to September 2015 with the objective of documenting plant species diversity together with the status and trends of biodiversity change. Common ecological methodologies and techniques were applied. Aerial photographs using Google earth and ground survey using GPS, compass and clinometers supported by ArcGIS based mapping was done to identify the clear distinction between vegetation and habitat heterogeneity before vegetation sampling. R statistical Software was used to run cluster analysis and ordination. Four plant community types were identified in the study. The Shannon-Weiner Diversity index was calculated to see the overall diversity of the study area. The area is with relatively high plant species diverse at H'= 3.37 with overall species evenness, J= 0.61 confirming the fact that Shewa floristic region is among the most species rich habitats. Ordination results showed that the major environmental variables structuring the floristic composition and plant community types and altitude was found to be the most influential factor at 95% confidence interval (P=0.005) using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Comparison of historical records from literature and practical observation of the current status of the study area confirmed that there is an increasing trend of biodiversity and vegetation cover. This is justified by observing the positive impacts of the project centre for indigenous trees propagation and biodiversity development for Ethiopia located at Tulu Korma. The study showed that the area is rich in plant species and floristic composition, hence, experiences adopted by the Project Centre should be the lessons learned for the restoration and rehabilitation of similar environments.

This work reviews literature on ethnobotanical knowledge of wild edible plants and their potential role in combating food insecurity in Ethiopia. Information on a total of 413 wild edible plants belonging to 224 genera and 77 families was compiled in this review. Shrubs represented 31% of species followed by trees (30%), herbs (29%) and climbers (9%). Families Fabaceae (35 species), Tiliaceae (20) and Capparidaceae (19) were found to be represented by the highest number of edible species. About 56%(233) of species have ...

1 Endemic plants of Ethiopia: Preliminary working list to contribute to National plant conservation target Tesfaye Awas (PhD) Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, P. O. Box 30726, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia The list of Endemic plants of Ethiopia was produced (Table 1) from published flora books (Hedberg and Edwards, 1989; Phillips, 1995; Edwards et al., 1995, 1997 and 2000; Hedberg et al., 2003 and 2006; and Mesfin Tadesse, 2004). Only perfectly known species were considered. Endemicity was considered only at species level and sub-species were not included in the list. This list could be used for collection of the rare plants of Ethiopia and contribute to national plant conservation target. 2 Table 1. List of Endemic Plants of Ethiopia S.No Botanical Name 1 Acacia negrii Pic.-Serm. 2 Acacia prasinata Hunde 3 Acacia pseudonigrescens Brenan & Ross 4 Acalypha marssima M. Gilbert 5 Acanthus sennii Chiov. 6 Adenia gedoensis W.J.de Wilde 7 Adenia pulchra M.Gilbert & W.J.de Wilde 8 Aeollanthus abyssinicus Hochst.ex Benth. 9 Aeschynomene ruspoliana Taub. ex Harms 10 Agrostis diffusa S.M. Phillips 11 Agrostis mannii (Hook.f.) Stapf 12 Alchemilla haumannii Rothm. 13 Aloe ankoberensis Gilbert and Sebsebe 14 Aloe debrana Chrstian 15 Aloe gilbertii Sebsebe & Brandham 16 Aloe harlana Reynolds 17 Aloe kefaensis Gilbert & Sebsebe 18 Aloe mcloughlinii Christian 19 Aloe monticola Reynolds 20 Aloe otallensis Baker 21 Aloe pirottae Berger 22 Aloe pubescens Reynolds 23 Aloe pulcherrima Gilbert & Sebsebe 24 Aloe schelpei Reynolds 25 Aloe sinana Reynolds 26 Aloe trigonantha Leach 27 Aloe yavellana Reynolds 28 Alopecurus baptarrhenius S.M. Phillips 29 Amorphophallus gallaensis (Engl.) N. E.Br. 30 Amorphophallus gomboczianus Pichi-Serm. 31 Andrachne ephemera M. Gilbert 32 Aneilema grandibracteolatum Faden 33 Anthericum neghellense Cufod. 34 Anthoxanthum aethiopicum I. Hedberg 35 Aphanes bachiti (Hauman & Balle) Rothm. 36 Argyrolobium schimperianum Hochst.ex A.Rich. 37 Arisaema mooneyanum Gilbert & Mayo 38 Arisaema addis-ababense Chiov. 39 Arisaema polydactylum Riedl 40 Arnebia purpurascens (A. Rich.) Bak. Family Name Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Euphorbiaceae Acanthaceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Lamiaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Poaceae Rosaceae Aloaceae Aloaceae Aloaceae Aloaceae Aloaceae Aloaceae Aloaceae Aloaceae Aloaceae Aloaceae Aloaceae Aloaceae Aloaceae Aloaceae Aloaceae Poaceae Araceae Araceae Euphorbiaceae Commelinaceae Anthericaceae Poaceae Rosaceae Fabaceae Araceae Araceae Araceae Boraginaceae Habit Shrub Tree Tree Shrub Shrub Climber Climber Herb Shrub Grass Grass Shrub Succulent Succulent Succulent succulent Succulent Succulent Succulent Succulent Succulent Succulent Succulent succulent Succulent Succulent Succulent Grass Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Grass Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb 3 S.No Botanical Name 41 Artemisia schimperi Sch. Bip.ex Engl. 42 Ascolepis eriocauloides (Steud.) Steud. 43 Astripomoea tubiflora (Hall.f.) Verdc. 44 Asystasia ammophila Ensermu 45 Athroisma boranense Cufod. 46 Barleria longissima Lindau 47 Becium ellenbeckii (Gürke) Cufod. 48 Becium formosum (Gërke) Chiov. ex Lanza 49 Berkheya chiesiana Chiov. 50 Bidens ghedoensis Mesfin 51 Bidens mesfinii A. Anderb 52 Bidens microphylla Sherff 53 Bidens pachyloma (Oliv. & Hiern) Cufod. 54 Bidens zavattarii Cufod. 55 Blepharis cuspidata Lindau 56 Boswellia ogadensis Vollesen 57 Boswellia pirottae Chiov. 58 Bothriocline schimperi Oliv. & Hiern ex Benth. 59 Brillantaisia grotanellii Pic. Serm. 60 Callitriche favargeri Schotsman 61 Callitriche hedbergiorum Schotsman 62 Caralluma edwardsiae (M.G.Gilbert) M.G. Gilbert 63 Carduus macracanthus Sch. Bip. ex Kazmi 64 Carum piovanii Chiov. 65 Ceropegia burgeri M. G. Gilbert 66 Ceropegia erergotana M. G. Gilbert 67 Ceropegia inflata Chiov. 68 Ceropegia loranthiflora K. Schum. 69 Ceropegia microgaster M. G. Gilbert 70 Ceropegia recurvata M. G. Gilbert 71 Ceropegla ellenbeckii K. Schum. 72 Ceropegla sobolifera N.E. Br. 73 Chenopodium ulbrichii Aellen 74 Chiliocephalum schimperi Benth. 75 Chiliocephalum tegetum Mesfin 76 Chionothrix latifolia Rendle 77 Chlorophytum herrmanii Nordal & Sebsebe 78 Chlorophytum pseudocaule Tesfaye & Nordal 79 Chlorophytum pterocarpum Nordal & Thulin 80 Chlorophytum serpens Sebsebe & Nordal Family Name Asteraceae Cyperaceae Convolvulaceae Acanthaceae Asteraceae Acanthaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Acanthaceae Burseraceae Burseraceae Asteraceae Acanthaceae Callitrichaceae Callitrichaceae Asclepiadaceae Asteraceae Apiaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Chenopodiaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Amaranthaceae Anthericaceae Anthericaceae Anthericaceae Anthericaceae Habit Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Tree Tree Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Twining herb Twining herb Twining herb Twining herb Twining herb Twining herb Twining herb Twining herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb 4 S.No Botanical Name 81 Cichorim calvum Sch. Bip. ex Schweinf. & Asch. 82 Cineraria abyssinica Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich. 83 Cineraria sebaldii Cufod. 84 Cirsium dender Friis 85 Cirsium englerianum O. Hoffm. 86 Cirsium schimperi (Vatke) C. Jeffrey ex Cufod. 87 Cirsium straminispinum C. Jeffrey ex Cufod. 88 Cladostigma nigistiae Sebsebe 89 Clematis burgensis Engl. 90 Clematis longicaudata Steud. ex A. Rich. 91 Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn. 92 Commiphora monoica Vollesen 93 Convolvulus bidrensis Sebsebe 94 Convolvulus gilbertii Sebsebe 95 Convolvulus steudneri Engl. 96 Convolvulus vollesenii Sebsebe 97 Conyza flabellata Mesfin 98 Conyza megensis F.G Davies 99 Conyza messeri Pic.-Serm. 100 Conyza nana Sch. Bip. ex Oliv & Hiern 101 Conyza spinosa Sch. Bip. ex Oliv. & Hiern 102 Crassocephalum (Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich.) S. Moore 103 Crepis achyrophoroides Vatke 104 Crepis tenerrima (Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich.) R.E. Fries 105 Crepis xylorrhiza Sch. Bip. ex Babc. 106 Crinipes abyssinicus (Hochst.ex A. Rich.) Hochst. 107 Crotalaria awasensis Thulin 108 Crotalaria boudetii Polhill 109 Crotalaria exaltata Polhill 110 Crotalaria fallax Chiov. 111 Crotalaria gillettii Polhill 112 Crotalaria heterotricha Polhill 113 Crotalaria hypargyrea Chiov. 114 Crotalaria intonsa Polhill 115 Crotalaria jijigensis Thulin 116 Crotalaria polhillii Thulin 117 Crotalaria roseni (Pax) Milne-Redh.ex Polhill 118 Crotalaria ruspoliana Chiov. 119 Crotalaria sacculata Chiov. 120 Crotalaria trifoliolata Bak.f. Family Name Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Convolvulaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Cucurbitaceae Burseraceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Poaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Habit Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Climber Climber Climber Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Grass Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb 5 S.No Botanical Name 121 Cussonia ostinii Chiov. 122 Cyanotis polyrrhiza Hochst. ex Hassk. Cycniopsis humilis (Hochst. Ex Benth.) Backlund, 123 Hunde & Långström 124 Cynoglossum densefoliatum Chiov. 125 Cyperus bifolius Lye 126 Cyperus boreohemisphericus Lye 127 Cyperus pratensis Böck 128 Cyphostemma burgeri Vollesen 129 Cyphostemma pannosum Vollesen 130 Cystostemon ethiopicus A. G. Miller & Riedl Delosperma schimperi (Engl.) H.E.K Hartmann & 131 Niesler 132 Diaphananthe candida Cribb 133 Dicliptera minutifolia Ensermu 134 Dicoma aethiopica S. Ortiz & Rodr. Oubiña 135 Disperis crassicaulis Rchb.f. 136 Disperis galerita Rchb.f. 137 Disperis meirax Rchb.f. 138 Dombeya aethiopica Gilli 139 Dombeya kefaensis Fris & Bidgood 140 Dombeya longebracteolata Seyani 141 Dorstenia soerensenii Friis 142 Drimia exigua Stedje 143 Drimia simensis (Hochst.) Stedje 144 Echidnopsis jacksonii Plowes 145 Echidnopsis montana (Dyer & Bruce) Bally 146 Echinops buhaitensis Mesfin 147 Echinops ellenbeckii D. Hoffm. 148 Echinops kebericho Mesfin 149 Echinops longisetus A. Rich. 150 Elymus africanus A. Löve 151 Emilia adama-gibaensis Mesfin & Beentje 152 Emilia arvensis Mesfin & Beentje 153 Emilia herbacea Mesfin & Beentje 154 Emilia neghellensis Mesfin & Beentje 155 Emilia serpentinus Mesfin & Beentje 156 Endostemon glandulosus Harley & Sebsebe 157 Eragrostis astrepta S.M. Phillips 158 Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter 159 Eriocaulon aethiopicum S. M. Phillips 160 Eriocaulon rosenii (Pax) Lye Family Name Habit Arallaceae Tree Commelinaceae Herb Scrophulariaceae Boraginaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Vitaceae Vitaceae Boraginaceae Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Aizoaceae Orchidaceae Acanthaceae Asteraceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Sterculiaceae Sterculareae Sterculiaceae Mcraceae Hyacinthaceae Hyacinthaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Poaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Lamiaceae Poaceae Poaceae Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulaceae Shrub Epiphyte-Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Shrub Grass Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Grass Grass Herb Herb 6 S.No Botanical Name 161 Eriosema tuberosum A. Rich. 162 Erythrina brucei Schweinf. 163 Erythrina burana Chiov. 164 Erythrococca uniflora M. Gilbert 165 Erythrophysa septentrionalis Verdc. 166 Eulophia albobrunnea Kraenzl. 167 Euphorbia awashensis M. Gilbert 168 Euphorbia baleënsis M.Gilbert 169 Euphorbia betulicortex M.Gilbert 170 Euphorbia bittataensis M. Gilbert 171 Euphorbia burgeri M. Gilbert 172 Euphorbia cryptocaulis M. Gilbert 173 Euphorbia dalettiensis M.Gilbert 174 Euphorbia doloensis M. Gilbert 175 Euphorbia dumalis S.Cater 176 Euphorbia frssispina Bally & Carter 177 Euphorbia furcatifolia M. Gilbert 178 Euphorbia gymnocalycioides Gilbert & Carter 179 Euphorbia makallensis Carter 180 Euphorbia monacantha Pax 181 Euphorbia ogadenensis Bally & Carter 182 Euphorbia omariana M. Gilbert 183 Euphorbia piscidermis M. Gilbert 184 Euphorbia repetita A. Rich. 185 Euphorbia rubella Pax 186 Euphorbia sareciana Gilbert 187 Euphorbia sebsebei M.Gilbert 188 Euphorbia somalensis Pax 189 Euphorbia tetracantha Rendle 190 Euphorbia uniglans M.Gilbert 191 Euryops antinorii (Avetta) S. Moore 192 Euryops pinifolius A. Rich. 193 Euryops prostratus B. Nord. 194 Fagonia hararensis Hadidi 195 Farsetia ellenbeckii Engl. 196 Festuca gilbertiana Alexeev ex S.M. Phillips 197 Festuca macrophulla Hochst.ex A. Rich. 198 Ficinia clandestina (Steud.) Böck. 199 Ficus ruspolii Warb. 200 Galega somalensis (Taub.ex Harms) Gillett Family Name Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Euphorbiaceae Sapindaceae Orchidaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Zygophyllaceae Brassicaceae Poaceae Poaceae Cyperaceae Mcraceae Fabaceae Habit Herb Tree Tree Shrub Shrub Herb Shrub Shrub Tree Succulent Shrub Geophyte Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Succulent Shrub Succulent Shrub Herb Succulent Shrub Geophyte Herb Succulent Shrub Shrub Tree Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Grass Grass Herb Tree Herb 7 S.No Botanical Name 201 Galium boreo-aethiopicum Puff 202 Gladiolus balensis Goldblatt 203 Gladiolus calcicola Goldblatt 204 Gladiolus lithicola Goldblatt 205 Gladiolus longispathaceus Cufod. 206 Gladiolus negeliensis Goldblatt 207 Habenaria aethiopica Thomas & Cribb 208 Habenaria decumbens Thomas & Cribb 209 Habenaria excelsa Thomas & Cribb 210 Habenaria gilbertii Thomas & Cribb 211 Habenaria montolivaea Kraenzl. ex Engl. 212 Habenaria platyanthera Rchb.f. 213 Habenaria rivae Kraenzl. 214 Habenaria taeniodema Summerh. 215 Habenaria vollesenii Thomas & Cribb 216 Haplocarpha hastata Lewin 217 Helichrysum gofense Cufod. 218 Helichrysum harennensis Mesfin 219 Helichrysum hedbergianum Mesfin & Reilly 220 Helichrysum horridum (Sch. Bip.) A. Rich. 221 Helichrysum sclerochlaenum Moeser 222 Helichtysum elephantinum Cufod. 223 Hermannia testacea Vollesen 224 Herniaria abyssinica Chaudhri 225 Hibiscus boranensis Cufod. 226 Hildebrandtia aloysii (Chiov.) Sebsebe 227 Hirpicium beguinotii (Lanza) Cufod. 228 Holthrix unifolia (Richb.f.) Richb.f. 229 Huernia boleana M.G. Gilbert 230 Hybanthus puberulus M. Gilbert Hyparrhenia arrhenobasis (Hochst. ex Steud.) 231 Stapf 232 Hyparrhenia claytonii S.M. Phillips 233 Hyparrhenia confinis (Hochst.ex A. Rrich.) Stapf 234 Hyparrhenia neglecta S.M. Phillips 235 Hyparrhenia tuberculata W.D. Clayton 236 Hypericum gnidiifolium A. Rich. 237 Impatiens rothii Hook.f. 238 Indigofera cana Thulin 239 Indigofera curvirostrata Thulin 240 Indigofera dembianeusis (Chiov.) Gillett Family Name Rubiaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Sterculiaceae Caryophyllaceae Malvaceae Convolvulaceae Asteraceae Orchidaceae Asclepiadaceae Violaceae Habit Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Shrub Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Guttiferae Balsaminaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Shrub Herb Herb Shrub Herb 8 S.No Botanical Name 241 Indigofera ellenbeckii Bak.f. 242 Indigofera kelleri Bak.f. 243 Indigofera mooneyi Thulin 244 Indigofera rothii Bak. 245 Indigofera sparsa Bak. 246 Inula arbuscula Del. 247 Inula confertiflora A. Rich. 248 Ipomoea abyssinica (Choisy) Schweinf. 249 Ipomoea paultischkei Schweinf. & Volk. 250 Ipomoea sidamensis Thulin 251 Ipomoea sofomarensis Sebsebe 252 Isoglossa parvifolia Rendle 253 Isolepis omissa Rayn. 254 Jasminum stans Pax 255 Jatropha horizontalis M.Gilbert 256 Justicia bizuneshiae Ensermu 257 Justicia dallarii Fiori 258 Justicia schoënsis Lindau 259 Justicia vixspicata Lindau 260 Kalanchoe angustifolia A. Rich. 261 Kanahia carlsbergiana Field et al. 262 Kleinia gypsophila J.P. Lebrum & A. L. Stork 263 Kleinia isabellae M. Dioli & T. Mesfin 264 Kleinia negrii Cufod. 265 Kniphofia foliosa Hochst. 266 Kniphofia hildebrandtii Cufod. 267 Kniphofia insignis Rendle 268 Kniphofia isoetifolia Steud. ex Hochst. 269 Kohautia platyphylla (K. Schum.) Bremek. 270 Lagarosiphon steudneri Casp. in Schweinf. Laggera tomentosa (Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich.) Oliv. & 271 Hiern 272 Lantana kisi A. Rich. 273 Lavatera abyssinica Hutch. & Bruce 274 Ledebouria urceolata Stedje 275 Leptagrostis schimperiana (Hochst.) C.E. Hubb. 276 Leucas acquistylosa Sebald 277 Leucas stachydiformis (Hochst. ex Benth.) Briq. 278 Lindenbergia awashensis Hjertson 279 Liparis abyssinica A. Rich. 280 Lobelia achrochilus (E.Wimm.) E.B. Knox Family Name Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Acanthaceae Cyperaceae Oleaceace Euphorbiaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Crassulaceae Asclepiadaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asphodelaceae Asphodelaceae Asphodelaceae Asphodelaceae Rubiaceae Hudrocharitaceae Habit Shrub Shrub Herb Shrub Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Asteraceae Verbenaceae Malvaceae Hyacinthaceae Poaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Scrophulariaceae Orchidaceae Lobeliaceae Herb Shrub Herb Herb Grass Herb Herb Shrub Herb 9 S.No Botanical Name 281 Lobelia erlangeriana Engl. 282 Lobelia rhynchopetalum Hemsl. 283 Lobelia scebelii Chiov. 284 Lobelia schimperi Hochst. ex A. Rich. 285 Lobelia tripartita Thulin 286 Maerua boranensis Chiov. 287 Maytenus addat (Loes.) Sebsebe 288 Maytenus cortii Pich.-Serm. Cufod. 289 Maytenus harenensis Sebsebe 290 Melhania beguinotii Cufod. 291 Melhania somalensis Bak.f. 292 Melhania zavattarii Cufod. 293 Merremia gallabatensis Hall.f. 294 Merremia warderensis Sebsebe Mikaniopsis clematoides (Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich.) 295 Milne-Redh. 296 Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) Bak. 297 Monadenium shebeliensis M. Gilbert 298 Onobrychis richardii Bak. 299 Oresoschimperella verrucosa (A.Rich.) Rauschert 300 Orthosiphon grandiflorus A. Terracc. 301 Orthosiphon macrocheilus M. Ashby 302 Pachyarpus robustus (A. Rich.) Bullock Pachycymbium abayense (M.G.Gilbert) M.G. 303 Gilbert 304 Pachycymbium circes (M.G.Gilbert) M.G. Gilbert 305 Pachycymbium gilbertii (Plowes) M.G. Gilbert 306 Panicum dorsense S.M. Phillips 307 Panicum ruspolii Chiov. 308 Panicum vatovae Chiov. 309 Paronychia bryoides A. Rich. 310 Pelargonium boranense Friis & M.G. Gilbert 311 Pelargonium erlangerianum Knuth 312 Pelargonium hararense Knuth 313 Pelargonium wonchiense Vorster & M.G. Gilbert 314 Pennisetum beckeroides Leeke 315 Pennisetum humile Hochst. ex A. Rich. 316 Pennisetum pumilum Hack. 317 Pennisetum thulinii S.M. Phillips 318 Pennisetum uliginosum Hack. 319 Pentarrhinum balense (Liede) Liede 320 Pentas caffensis Chiov Family Name Lobeliaceae Lobeliaceae Lobeliaceae Lobeliaceae Lobeliaceae Capparidaceae Celastraceae Celastraceae Celastraceae Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Habit Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Asteraceae Fabaceae Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae Apiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Asclepiadaceae Herb Tree Shrub Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Caryophyllaceae Geraniceae Geraniceae Geraniceae Geraniceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Asclepiadaceae Rubiaceae Herb Herb Herb Grass Grass Grass Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Climber Herb 10 S.No Botanical Name 321 Pentas concinna K. Schum. 322 Pentas tenuis Verdc. 323 Pentaschistis dolichochaeta S.M. Phillips 324 Pentaschistis trisetoides (Hochst. ex Steud.) Pilg. 325 Peucedanum abyssinicum Vatke 326 Peucedanum mattirolli Chiov. 327 Peucedanum petitianum A. Rich. 328 Phagnalon phagnaloides (A. Rich.) Cufod. 329 Phragmanthera macrosolen (A. Rich.) M. Gilbert Phragmanthera sarertaensis (Hutch. & E.A. 330 Bruce) M. Gilbert 331 Phyllanthus borenensis M. Gilbert 332 Phyllanthus dewildiorum M. Gilbert 333 Phyllanthus limmuensis Cufod. 334 Phyllanthus mooneyi M. Gilbert 335 Pimpinella ahmarensis Abebe 336 Pimpinella heywoodii Abebe 337 Pimpinella pimpinelloides (Hochst.) Wolff 338 Pimpinella schimperi Ababe 339 Pittosporum abyssinicum Del. 340 Plantago annua Ryding 341 Plectranthus garckeanus (Vatke) J.K. Morton 342 Plicosepalus ogadenensis M. Gilbert 343 Plicosepalus robustus Wiens & Polhill 344 Plumbago truncata J.R.Edm. 345 Poa chorkensis S.M. Phillips 346 Poa hedbergii S.M. Phillips 347 Poa pumilio Hochst. 348 Poa simensis Hochst.ex A. Rich. 349 Polygala erlangeri Gürke 350 Polygala gondarensis Chiov. 351 Polygala mooneyi M. Gilbert 352 Polyscias farinosa (Del.) Harms 353 Polysphaeria aethiopica Verdc. 354 Polystachya aethiopica Cribb 355 Polystachya caduca Rchb.f. 356 Portulaca anceps A. Rich. 357 Portulaca oblonga Peter. Pseudoblepharispermum bremeri J.-P Lebrun & 358 Stork 359 Pseudognaphalium petitianum (A. Rich.) Mesfin 360 Pycnostachys abyssinica Fresen. Family Name Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Poaceae Poaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Asteraceae Loranthaceae Habit Herb Herb Grass Grass Herb Herb Herb Herb Parasitic Loranthaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Pittosporaceae Plantaginaceae Lamiaceae Loranthaceae Loranthaceae Plumbaginaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Polygalaceae Polygalaceae Polygalaceae Arallaceae Rubiaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Portulacaceae Portulacaceae Parasitic Shrub Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Parasitic parasitic Climber Grass Grass Grass Grass Herb Herb Herb Tree Shrub Epiphyte-Herb Epiphyte-Herb Shrub Herb Asteraceae Asteraceae Lamiaceae Shrub Herb Herb 11 S.No Botanical Name Family Name 361 Pycnostachys recurvata Ryding Lamiaceae 362 Ranunculus distrias Steud. ex A. Rich. Ranunculaceae 363 Ranunculus simensis Fresen. Ranunculaceae 364 Ranunculus tembensis Fresen. Ranunculaceae 365 Rhabdotosperma schimperi (Skan) Hartl Scrophulariaceae 366 Rhynchosia stipulosa A. Rich. Fabaceae 367 Rhynchosia erlangeri Harms Fabaceae 368 Rhynchosia malacotricha Harms Fabaceae 369 Rhynchosia ramosa Verdc. Fabaceae 370 Rhynchosia splendens Schweinf. Fabaceae 371 Rinorea friisii M. Gilbert Violaceae 372 Roeperocharis alciornis Kraenzl. Orchidaceae 373 Roeperocharis urbaniana Kraenzl. Orchidaceae 374 Rosularia semiensis (A. Rich.) Ohba Crassulaceae 375 Rubus aethiopicus R.A.Grah. Rosaceae 376 Rubus erlangeri Engl. Rosaceae 377 Ruellia boranica Ensermu Acanthaceae 378 Ruttya speciosa (Hochst.) Engl. Acanthaceae Rytidosperma grandiflora (Hochst.ex A. Arich.) 379 S.M. Phillips Poaceae 380 Sagina brachysepala Chiov. Caryophyllaceae 381 Satureja paradoxa (Vatke) Engl. ex Seybold Lamiaceae 382 Satureja unguentaria (Schweinf.) Cufod. Lamiaceae 383 Satyrium aethiopicum Summerh. Orchidaceae 384 Saxifraga hederifolia A. Rich. Saxifragaceae 385 Scadoxus nutans (Friis & Bjørnstad) Friis & Nordal Amaryllidaceae 386 Seddera simmonsii Verdc. Convolvulaceae 387 Sedum baleensis M. Gilbert Crassulaceae 388 Sedum epidendron A. Rich. Crassulaceae 389 Sedum glomerifolium M.Gilbert Crassulaceae 390 Sedum mooneyi M. Gilbert Crassulaceae 391 Senecio aequinoctialis R.E.Fr. Asteraceae 392 Senecio farinaceus Sch. Bip. ex A.Rich. Asteraceae 393 Senecio fresenii Sch. Bip. ex Oliv. & Hiern Asteraceae 394 Senecio leptopterus Mesfin Asteraceae 395 Senecio myriocephalus Sch.Bip.ex A. Rich. Asteraceae 396 Senecio nanus Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich. Asteraceae 397 Senecio ochrocarpus Oliv. & Hiern Asteraceae 398 Senecio schultzii Hochst. ex A. Rich. Asteraceae 399 Senecio steudelii Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich. Asteraceae 400 Senecio unionis Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich. Asteraceae Habit Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Shrub Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Grass Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Epiphyte-shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb 12 S.No Botanical Name 401 Sesbania melanocaulis Bidgood & Friis 402 Sisymbrium maximum Hochst. ex Fourn. 403 Smithia abyssinica (A. Rich.) Verdc. 404 Snowdenia mutica (Hochst. ex Fresen.) Pilg. 405 Solanecio gigas (Vatke) C. Jeffrey 406 Solanecio harennensis Mesfin 407 Solanum hirtulum Steud. ex A. Rich. 408 Solanum macracanthum A. Rich. 409 Sonchus obtusilobus R.E. Fries 410 Sparmannia macrocarpa Ulbr. 411 Sporobolus ghikae Schweinf. & Volkens 412 Stachys balensis Sebsebe 413 Stachys hypoleuca Hochst. ex A. Rich. 414 Stachys jijigaensis Sebsebe 415 Stathmostelma angustatum K. Schum. 416 Stolzia grandiflora Cribb 417 Stomatanthes meyeri R.M. King & H Rob. 418 Streptocarpus phaeotrichus B. L. Burtt 419 Striga pinnatifida Getachew Aweke 420 Stylochaeton oligocarpum Riedl 421 Swertia pumila Hochst. 422 Swertia scottii J. Shah 423 Tacazzea venosa Decne. 424 Taverniera abyssinica A. Rich. 425 Thalictrum schimpercanum Hochst. ex. Schweinf. 426 Thesium matteii Chiov. 427 Thunbergia hirsuta T. Anders 428 Thunbergia ruspolii Lindau 429 Thuunbergia mauginii Fiori 430 Tiliacora troupinii Cufod. 431 Tinnea somalensis Gürke ex Chiov. 432 Trachycalymma minutiflorum Goyder 433 Trachycalymma pseudofimbriatum Goyder 434 Tragia abortiva M.Gilbert 435 Tragia ashiae M.Gilbert 436 Tragia crenata M. Gilbert 437 Tragia negeliensis M. Gilbert 438 Tragia triumfettoides M.Gilbert 439 Tragia uncinata M. Gilbert 440 Trichodesma oleifolium (A. Rich.) Bak. Family Name Fabaceae Brassicaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Asteraceae Tiliaceae Poaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Asclepiadaceae Orchidaceae Asteraceae Gesneriaceae Scrophulariaceae Araceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Asclepiadaceae Fabaceae Ranunculaceae Santaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Menispermaceae Lamiaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Boraginaceae Habit Shrub Herb Herb Grass Shrub Epiphyte-Herb Herb Shrub Herb Shrub Grass Herb Herb Herb Herb Epiphyte-Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber woody climber Shrub Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Shrub Herb Climber Shrub 13 S.No Botanical Name 441 Trifolium calocephalum Fresen. 442 Trifolium chilaloense Thulin 443 Trifolium decorum Chiov. 444 Trifolium mattirolianum Chiov. 445 Trifolium pichisermollii Gillett 446 Trifolium schimperi A. Rich. 447 Trifolium somalense Taub. 448 Trifolium spananthum Thulin 449 Triraphis compacta Cope 450 Triticum aethiopicum Jakubz 451 Uebelinia erlangeriana (Engl.) T.C.E. Fries 452 Uebelinia scottii Turrill 453 Urtica simensis Steudel 454 Vepris dainellii (Pichi.-Serm.) Kokwaro 455 Verbascum arbusculum (A. Rich.) Hub.-Mor. 456 Verbascum benthamianum Hepper 457 Verbascum chiovendae Hub.-Mor. 458 Verbascum pubescens (Skan) Hub.-Mor. 459 Verbascum scabridum (Skan) Hub.-Mor. Verbascum sedgwickianum (Schimper ex Skan) 460 Hub.-Mor. 461 Verbascum stelurum Murb. 462 Verbascum valerianifolium (A. Rich.) Hub.-Mor. Vernonia buchingeri (Sch. Bip. ex Steetz in Peters) 463 Oliv. & Hiern 464 Vernonia cylindrica Sch. Bip.ex Walp. 465 Vernonia dalettiensis Mesfin 466 Vernonia didessana Mesfin 467 Vernonia filigera Oliv. & Hiern 468 Vernonia friisii Mesfin 469 Vernonia gilbertii Mesfin 470 Vernonia leopoldi (Sch. Bip.ex Walp.) Vatke 471 Vernonia printzioides Muschl. 472 Vernonia tewoldei Mesfin 473 Vernonia thulinii Mesfin 474 Vernonia yabelloana Mesfin 475 Wendlandia arabica Deft. 476 Xerophyta rippsteinii Smith, Lebrun & Stork Family Name Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Poaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Urticaceae Rutaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Habit Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Grass Grass Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Scrophulariaceae Herb Scrophulariaceae Herb Scrophulariaceae Herb Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Rubiaceae Velloziaceae Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Shrub Herb Herb Shrub Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Shrub Herb 14 References Edwards S, Mesfin Tadesse, Hedberg I (eds) (1995) Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Vol. 2 (2), Canellaceae to Euphorbiaceae. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa & Uppsala. Edwards S, Mesfin Tadesse, Sebsebe Demissew et al (eds) (2000) Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Vol. 2 (1), Magnoliaceae to Flacourtiaceae. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa & Uppsala. Edwards S, Sebsebe Demissew, Hedberg I (eds) (1997) Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Vol. 6, Hydrocharitaceae to Arecaceae. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa & Uppsala. Hedberg I, Edwards S (eds) (1989) Flora of Ethiopia, Vol. 3, Pittosporaceae to Araliacae. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa & Uppsala. Hedberg I, Edwards S, Sileshi Nemomissa (eds) (2003) Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Vol 4 (2), Apiaceae to Dipsaceae. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa & Uppsala. Hedberg I, Ensermu Kelbessa, Edwards S, Sebsebe Demissew, Persson E (eds) (2006) Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Vol 5, Gentianaceae to Cyclocheilaceae. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa and Uppsala. Mesfin Tadesse (2004) Asteraceae (Compositae). In: Hedberg I, Friis I, Edwards S (eds) Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Vol 4 (1). The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa & Uppsala. Phillips S (1995) Poaceae (Gramineae). In: Hedberg I, Edwards S (eds) Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Vol. 7. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa & Uppsala.

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Endemic plants of Ethiopia: Preliminary working list to contribute to National plant conservation target

Endemic plants of Ethiopia: Preliminary working list to contribute to National plant conservation target

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