Rapid Biological Inventories Report 14. Cuba: Parque Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt

Alexander  Sanchez Ruiz

Three articles in this newsletter describe investigative laboratory programs; two in marine or coastal biology(Hopkins Marine Station and the Bahamas field station of Earlham College), and the other a botany course at Colorad O College. In al lcases undergraduate students are expected to plan and conduct biological research, after being presented with sufficient content work to provide a meaningful back grcund for their own original research. This paper cites my first research paper, coauthored (1969) presented at a conference University of Vermont, Burlington VT. This was as a student. This paper also is useful history to describe what the program I then helped to lead as the first "Laboratory supervisor and resident research biologist" for 1970 living on Hummingbird Cay, Exuma, Bahamas.

With our ever-increasing footprint, humans now affect even the most remote corners of Earth. Because an estimated 86% of species on the planet remain unknown (13), our goal should be to document biodiversity as rigorously as possible through carefully planned collections so that it can be effectively preserved and understood. Specimens from such collections and their associated data are essential for making informed decisions about management and conservation now and in the future. As a community, we advocate the utmost responsibility and care while making scientific collections (4). Furthermore, given increasing rates of habitat loss and global change, we believe that responsibly collecting voucher specimens and associated data and openly sharing this knowledge (for example, through GBIF, iDigBio, and VertNet) are more necessary today than ever before.

The Field Museum Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” Cornell Lab of Ornithology Financiado por / Partial funding by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation The Field Museum Environmental & Conservation Programs 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA T 312.665.7430 F 312.665.7433 www.fieldmuseum.org /rbi Cuba: Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt” Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BIOECO) : 14 Instituciones Participantes / Participating Institutions Rapid Biological Inventories Rapid Biological Inventories Cuba: Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt” THE FIELD MUSEUM ENGLISH CONTENTS (for Color Plates, see pages 21-32) 122 Participants 125 Institutional Profiles 128 Acknowledgments 129 Mission and Approach 130 Report at a Glance 137 Why Alejandro de Humboldt National Park? 139 139 140 143 147 Conservation in the Park Current Status Conservation Targets Threats Recommendations 153 153 154 158 172 174 177 182 184 186 189 191 193 195 200 202 209 212 216 Technical Report Inventory Sites Physical and Geographic Characteristics Vegetation Liverworts Mosses Ferns and Fern Relatives Seed Plants Terrestrial Mollusks Spiders Other Arachnids Dipterans Hymenopterans Amphibians and Reptiles Amphibians and Reptiles of the Altiplanicie El Toldo Birds Mammals Knowledge and Use of Fauna Human Communities 219 220 228 234 252 318 320 330 332 336 346 350 352 360 Appendices (1) Liverworts (2) Mosses (3) Ferns and Fern Relatives (4) Seed Plants (5) Terrestrial Mollusks (6) Spiders (7) Other Arachnids (8) Dipterans (9) Hymenopterans (10) Amphibians and Reptiles (11) Amphibians and Reptiles of El Toldo (12) Birds (13) Mammals 362 Literature Cited 368 Previous Reports CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 121 PARTICIPANTS FIELD TEAM Miguel Abad Salazar (coordination) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba abad@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Félix Acosta Cantillo (vegetation) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba felix@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Giraldo Alayón García (spiders) Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba La Habana, Cuba cocuyo@mnhnc.inf.cu William S. Alverson (seed plants) Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. alverson@fmnh.org Tim Barksdale (videography) Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. curlew@3rivers.net Gerardo Begué (birds, mammals, logistics) Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” Guantánamo, Cuba begue@upsa.gtmo.inf.cu Greg Budney (birds) Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. gfb3@cornell.edu, greg.budney@cornell.edu Manuel J. G. Caluff (ferns and fern relatives) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba manolito@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu 122 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Jorge L. Delgado Labañino (mammals, human communities) Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” Guantánamo, Cuba Luis M. Díaz (amphibians and reptiles) Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba La Habana, Cuba cocuyo@mnhnc.inf.cu María del Carmen Fagilde Espinosa (seed plants) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba fagilde@bieoco.ciges.inf.cu Andrew Farnsworth (birds) Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. af27@cornell.edu, andrew.farnsworth@gmail.com José L. Fernández Triana (hymenopterans) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba jlft@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Ansel Fong G. (amphibians and reptiles) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba ansel@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Robin B. Foster (seed plants) Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. rfoster@fmnh.org Gabriel Garcés González (dipterans) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba gavilan@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Guillermo Knell (logistics, amphibians and reptiles) Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. gknell@fieldmuseum.org Eduardo Portuondo F. (hymenopterans) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba eduardo@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Eduardo Iñigo-Elias (birds) Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. eei2@cornell.edu Pascual Ramírez Samón (mammals) Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” Guantánamo, Cuba David Maceira F. (terrestrial mollusks) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba david@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Eddy Martínez Quesada (seed plants) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba eddy@cimac.cmw.inf.cu Alicia Isabel Medina Turró (human communities) Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” Guantánamo, Cuba alicia@upsa.gtmo.inf.cu Luis O. Melián Hernández (birds) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba melian@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Debra K. Moskovits (coordination) Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. dmoskovits@fieldmuseum.org Yazmín Peraza (coordination, human communities) Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba La Habana, Cuba yazmin@mnhnc.inf.cu Orlando J. Reyes (vegetation) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba joel@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Freddy Rodríguez Santana (birds) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba freddy@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Kenneth Rosenberg (birds) Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. kr2@cornell.edu Alexander Sánchez-Ruiz (spiders) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba alex@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Gustavo Shelton (ferns and fern relatives) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba shelton@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Mayelín Silot Leyva (human communities) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba mayelin@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 123 Douglas F. Stotz (birds) Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. dstotz@fieldmuseum.org Ángel Motito Marín (mosses) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba motito@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Rolando Teruel (other arachnids) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba rteruel@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Kesia Mustelier Martínez (liverworts) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba kesia@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Rolando Villaverde López (physical and geographic characteristics, logistics) Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” Guantánamo, Cuba villaverde@upsa.gtmo.inf.cu Ramona Oviedo Prieto (seed plants) Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática La Habana, Cuba ramonaop@yahoo.es, botanica.ies@ama.cu Nicasio Viña Dávila (coordination, amphibians and reptiles) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba nvd@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Corine Vriesendorp (seed plants) Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. cvriesendorp@fieldmuseum.org COLLABORATORS Zoe Marylín Álvarez Bruno (human uses of fauna) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba zoe@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Dan Brinkmeier (exhibitions and conservation communication) Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. dbrinkmeier@fieldmuseum.org Oliver Matos Sánchez (mammals) Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” Guantánamo, Cuba 124 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 María E. Potrony (mosses) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba potrony@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Sophia Twichell (coordination, logistics) Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. stwichell@aol.com Nicasio Viña Bayés (amphibians and reptiles) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba nvb@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Tatzyana (Tyana) Wachter (coordination, logistics) Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. twachter@fieldmuseum.org Bárbaro Zabala Lahitte (physical-geographic characteristics) Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” Guantánamo, Cuba zabala@upsa.gtmo.inf.cu INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES The Field Museum Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad and Museo de Historia Natural “Tomás Romay” The Field Museum is a collections-based research and educational institution devoted to natural and cultural diversity. Combining the fields of Anthropology, Botany, Geology, Zoology, and Conservation Biology, Museum scientists research issues in evolution, environmental biology, and cultural anthropology. Environmental and Conservation Programs (ECP) is the branch of the Museum dedicated to translating science into action that creates and supports lasting conservation. ECP collaborates with another branch, the Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, to ensure that local communities are involved in efforts for long-term protection of the lands on which they depend. With losses of natural diversity accelerating worldwide, ECP’s mission is to direct the Museum’s resources — scientific expertise, worldwide collections, innovative education programs — to the immediate needs of conservation at local, national, and international levels. The mission of the Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BIOECO) is to carry out specialized, interdisciplinary studies in the Eastern Region of Cuba that define and characterize the most important and interesting areas for the conservation of biodiversity. BIOECO also works to establish the means and methods for conservation of these areas and the wise use of their resources, as well as to contribute to the ecological recovery and the sustainable socioeconomic and cultural development of the region. The Field Museum 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 U.S.A. 312.922.9410 tel www.fieldmuseum.org BIOECO has four Divisions: ■ The Tomás Romay Museum of Natural History ■ Botanical Gardens ■ Natural Sciences ■ Protected Areas These Divisions conduct scientific studies, management of protected areas, ecological planning, in-situ and ex-situ conservation, environmental education, and community projects. Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BIOECO) and Museo de Historia Natural “Tomás Romay” Enramadas #601, esq. Barnada Santiago de Cuba 90100, Cuba 53.22.623277, 53.22.658777, 53.22.658787 tel 53.22.626568 fax www.santiago.cu / hosting / bioeco CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 125 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” The Museum’s core mission is to collect, research, conserve, and exhibit natural objects to promote scientific knowledge and cultural appreciation of nature. It is an institution comparable, in structure and function, with the international model for this kind of museum; for that reason it includes the following among its fundamental objectives: The “Alejandro de Humboldt Environmental Services Unit” was created in 2000 with a mission to protect, conserve, and manage the protected areas of Guantánamo Province administered by the Ministry of Science, Technology, and the Environment (CITMA) according to the demands of sustainable development. This unit also helps develop international projects and provides their scientific-technical and environmental services to others. It has a technical group, whose specialists are in charge of programs in all the designated protected areas and who monitor other areas. ■ ■ ■ ■ Research on biogeography, paleogeography, and the biodiversity of Cuba and the Caribbean; Conservation of the collections of Cuban minerals, rocks, fossils, plants, and animals residing in the Museum, which are part of the National Heritage; Broadening of these collections so that they will be representative of Cuban nature, and systematic study of the collections and of the environment from which specimens were collected; and Creation of exhibits about nature, with emphasis on Cuban natural history, and the education of visitors and the general public in a culture of nature. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Obispo 61, esq. Oficios y Baratillo Plaza de Armas, La Habana Vieja La Habana 10100, Cuba 53.7.8639361 tel 53.7.8620353 fax www.cuba.cu / ciencia / citma / ama / museo / general.htm 126 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 This unit is in charge of administering and managing Alejandro de Humboldt National Park and the Hatibonico Ecological Reserve. In each of these areas, it has qualified staff in charge of the development of programs, as well as a large number of park guards who guide and help with research. Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” Delegación Territorial del CITMA, Guantánamo Calle Ahogados #14, entre 12 y 13 Norte Guantánamo 95100, Cuba 53.21.323915, 53.21.323873, 53.21.322517, 53.21.322179 tel 53.21.384786 fax www.gtmo.inf.cu / UAP/ spanish / UAP_introduccion.html Cornell Lab of Ornithology The “Lab” is a nonprofit membership institution whose mission is to interpret and conserve the earth’s biological diversity through research, education, and citizen science focused on birds. Our programs work with citizen scientists, government and nongovernment agencies across North America and beyond. We believe that bird enthusiasts of all ages and skill levels can and do make a difference. From backyards and city streets to remote forests, anyone who counts birds can contribute to the Lab’s research. Data from the projects described below are used to monitor bird populations and outline conservation efforts. The Lab’s conservation work is based on sound science and draws extensively from the efforts of other Lab programs. Our conservation staff produces guidelines and manuals to help professional land managers and private landowners make informed, conservation-minded management decisions. Lab staff belong to a number of conservation alliances, including Partners in Flight and the International Whaling Commission, which work hard to affect broad-scale conservation policy. Education is a vital component of the Lab’s mission. We provide to the public a growing number of education projects and courses, and are committed to empowering educators with the tools they need to provide science-based programs to their students. Cornell Lab of Ornithology 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd. Ithaca, NY 14850, U.S.A. 800.843.2473, 607.254.2473 tel www.birds.cornell.edu CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 127 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Our rapid biological inventory of Alejandro de Humboldt National Park was a success, thanks to the efforts and generosity of many individuals. We extend our sincerest gratitude to all. Information presented in this report combines data gathered during our rapid inventory with data collected over the years by biologists who work in the Park, in BIOECO, in the unidad de servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt,” and in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (MNHN, La Habana). The scientific team thanks all our collaborators who shared data from their field research and literature reviews. We are grateful to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente, CITMA), which granted us access and collecting permits. We would also like to thank the Cuban Interests Section in Washington, D.C., who provided visas to the participants from the United States. In Havana, Nadia Pérez, Yazmín Peraza, and Regla Balmori of the National Museum of Natural History of Cuba (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba) shared their wonderful friendship and their organizational skills. Reinaldo Estrada of the National Center of Protected Areas (Centro Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, CNAP) offered valuable comments on the results and recommendations of our fieldwork. Bernardino Suárez Fernández, Ifraín Diez Gainza, Jorge Lino Gámez Díaz, Rubén Pantoja Justiz, Eulicer Suárez Pantoja, Pascual Ramírez Samón, José A. Rodríguez Ortiz, Roelmis Ortiz Agüelles, and Oneil Durand Oliveros provided invaluable direct support during the fieldwork, especially by forging trails, guiding us to important biodiversity sites, and helping with collections and observations. We thank everyone from Arroyo Bueno and La Naza who shared information about their lives and their community’s history with the social inventory team. We also thank Genaro Ramírez, Exiquio Lamorut, Aida Justiz, and Isaías Suárez Fernández — members of the community — who provided cargo animals and food. Many thanks to our cooks at the camps: Emelina Martínez, Daisy Ramírez, Zoila Pantoja Justi, and Maria Alpoyin E. We thank drivers Rafael Ocaña Osorio, José Luis Fabar, Ramón Cueto, and Eduardo Ramos for providing transportation during the expedition. When all mechanical and animal transport failed us, it was the people of Arroyo Bueno who came to our aid and helped move the camp; we cannot thank you enough. 128 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Kesia Mustelier is grateful to Daysi Reyes and Agueda Vicario. José L. Fernández thanks Jorge L. Reyes for helping process and identify material. Ansel Fong is especially grateful to Rolando Viña for all his valuable field support during various sampling trips before the rapid inventory. The botanists are indebted to Ramona Oviedo Prieto for her generous help identifying plants using photos taken in the field, and M. Lucia Kawasaki for help with the taxonomy and nomenclature of Myrtaceae. The zoologists would like to thank Pascual Ramírez Samón and Oliver Matos Sánchez for sharing data with them. The Foundation “Antonio Nuñez Jiménez de la Naturaleza y el Hombre” organized and financed several expeditions to different sites within the Park, from which we obtained valuable information included in this rapid inventory. As always, Tyana Wachter and Guillermo Knell took care of all necessary coordination, making difficult tasks seem easy; Sophie Twichell helped us with coordination. Dan Brinkmeier provided logistic support and graphics in the busy days before we presented preliminary results in Santiago. We also thank Amanda Zidek-Vanega for translations, and Debby Moskovits, Nicasio Viña Bayés, Doug Stotz, José Leonardo Fernández, Brandy Pawlak, Marjorie Pannell, and Sarah Thompson for their careful review of report drafts. Jim Costello and staff at Costello Communications demonstrated tremendous patience, creativity, and kindness as they put text and images into production. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and The Field Museum funded this rapid inventory. MISSION The goal of rapid biological and social inventories is to catalyze effective action for conservation in threatened regions of high biological diversity and uniqueness. Approach During rapid biological inventories, scientific teams focus primarily on groups of organisms that indicate habitat type and condition and that can be surveyed quickly and accurately. These inventories do not attempt to produce an exhaustive list of species or higher taxa. Rather, the rapid surveys (1) identify the important biological communities in the site or region of interest and (2) determine whether these communities are of outstanding quality and significance in a regional or global context. During social asset inventories, scientists and local communities collaborate to identify patterns of social organization and opportunities for capacity building. The teams use participant observation and semistructured interviews to evaluate quickly the assets of these communities that can serve as points of engagement for long-term participation in conservation. In-country scientists are central to the field teams. The experience of local experts is crucial for understanding areas with little or no history of scientific exploration. After the inventories, protection of wild communities and engagement of social networks rely on initiatives from host-country scientists and conservationists. Once these rapid inventories have been completed (typically within a month), the teams relay the survey information to local and international decision makers who set priorities and guide conservation action in the host country. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 129 R E P O RT AT A G L A N C E Dates of fieldwork February 12 – 22, 2004 Region The inventory took place in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park, located in the Sagua-Baracoa massif in eastern Cuba, approximately 50 km northeast of the city of Guantánamo and 35 km northwest of the town of Baracoa (Figs. 2, 3A). It extends over Cuba’s easternmost provinces: Holguín (Sagua de Tánamo and Moa Municipalities) and Guantánamo (Yateras, Baracoa, and Guantánamo Municipalities). Its total area is 70,680 hectares (273 mi2), of which 2,250 hectares correspond to its marine portion and 68,430 hectares to its terrestrial portion. The Park is mountainous and maintains many original terrestrial habitats, including rainforests (pluvisilvas), natural pine groves (pinares naturales), evergreen and semideciduous forests (bosques siempreverdes y semideciduos), scrub formations (matorrales), and grasslands (herbazales) (Fig. 3B). Sites surveyed The biological team concentrated their efforts in four sites: El 26 Camp and surrounding areas (northeast of Arroyo Bueno), Cocalito Camp (at the confluence of Jaguaní River and Arroyo Cocalito, downriver and east of the community of Arroyo Bueno), Bahía de Taco (on the coast, northwest of Baracoa), and the scrub (charrascal ) at Yamanigüey, northwest of Bahía de Taco (Fig. 3A). The social team worked in the communities of Arroyo Bueno and La Naza (Fig. 3A). This report also includes data from other sites within the Park collected by field team members during previous inventories (for example, the Altiplanicie El Toldo), or by collaborators. Organisms studied Terrestrial vascular plants (ferns and relatives, and seed plants), terrestrial mollusks, spiders and other arachnids, hymenopterans (ants, bees, and wasps), terrestrial amphibians and reptiles, and birds. We also studied the condition and distribution of vegetation types. Our collaborators provided additional data from their studies of liverworts, mosses, vascular plants, dipterans (flies), mammals, and the local use of fauna by humans. The communities of Arroyo Bueno and La Naza participated in the social inventory. Highlights of results The Park contains the largest well-conserved remnant mountain ecosystem in the country (Figs. 3B, 4). The majority of its vegetation types—rainforests (of diverse types), Pinus cubensis pine groves, evergreen forests, and charrascals—still cover large expanses of the Park in a complex mosaic resulting from a diversity of soil types, as well as differences in humidity, sun exposure, and altitude. Only a few small areas of semideciduous forest remain, and some forested areas have been perceptibly altered by previous timber extraction, mining, and agriculture. Overall, the Park contains a 130 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Highlights of results large block of continuous, high-quality, natural forest that should retain the (continued) majority of native species present. Using information we obtained during our fieldwork, along with data gathered from other collections, literature, and unpublished studies, we report the highlights below. We begin with nonhuman groups and conclude with human communities. We report data Park-wide and in many cases also per administrative sector of the Park. Birds: We found high species richness and abundance of migratory land birds. We recorded 98 species in the Park and, based on previous work in the area, predict an avifauna of 150 species. We recorded 75 species in La Melba Sector (52 species in El 26 Camp and 63 in Cocalito Camp) and 81 species in Baracoa Sector (74 in Bahía de Taco, 33 in Cayo Guam, 55 in Nuevo Mundo, and 41 in Yamanigüey). The Park harbors significant populations of endemic and threatened bird species (Fig. 8). We recorded 12 endemic and 8 threatened species, included Masked Duck (Nomonyx dominicus), Gundlach’s Hawk (Accipiter gundlachi ), Sharpshinned Hawk (A. striatus), Gray-fronted Quail-Dove (Geotrygon caniceps ), Cuban Parrot (Amazona leucocephala, abundant at times), Cuban Parakeet (Aratinga euops, abundant at times), Giant Kingbird (Tyrannus cubensis ), and Bahama Swallow (Tachycineta cyaneoviridis ). We recorded large numbers of Cuban Crow (Corvus nasicus), a species whose numbers are diminishing or even disappearing in other parts of eastern Cuba. We did not observe the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis bairdi ) or the Cuban Kite (Chondrohierax uncinatus wilsonii ). The Park represents a critical area for the ecology of Neotropical migrant birds that winter in Cuba and that pass through the region on their migrations. Amphibians and reptiles: There are 20 amphibian (2 toads and 18 frogs) and 42 reptile species (32 lizards, 8 snakes, 1 turtle, and 1 amphisbaenian) in the Park (Fig. 7), with 3 additional species (lizards of the genus Anolis) possibly present. Of these, we observed 15 amphibians and 20 reptiles during the inventory, and we detected 5 of these species in localities not mentioned in the literature. The amphibians recorded in the Park represent 33.9% of all amphibian species in Cuba and 64.5% of those present in the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion, in which the Park is situated. Reptiles of the Park represent 30.7% of the total number of reptile species in Cuba and 68.8% of those present in the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion. The elevated percentages of amphibian and reptile species present, together with the relatively small size of the Park (0.64% of the area of Cuba), demonstrate its importance for Cuba’s herpetological fauna. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 131 R E P O RT AT A G L A N C E Highlights of results Endemism is high: 90.0% of the amphibians and 73.8% of the reptiles in (continued) the Park are endemics, of which 9 are exclusive to eastern Cuba’s mountainous massifs and 6 are known to exist only within the Park. Of the species recorded in the Park, 60.0% of the amphibians and 26.2% of the reptiles are considered threatened in Cuba, and 26.5% of Cuba’s threatened amphibians and 22.6% of its threatened reptiles inhabit areas within the Park. Mammals: Combining our work with data from other researchers allowed us to compile a list of 16 mammal species in the Park, all with living populations. Of these, 11 are native, including almiquí (Solenodon cubanus, an endemic and threatened insectivore, Figs. 9A–9C), manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus ), 2 endemic hutia species — whose populations are subjected to serious poaching pressure in the Park (Mysateles melanurus and Capromys pilorides ) — and 7 species of bats (including 2 endemic species and others with large and significant populations in the area). Five species are established exotics: house mouse (very localized), black rat, and feral dogs, cats, and pigs. Not much is known about the black rats’ ecology or impact in the Park, although it is clear that they can be found in almost all Park areas in high densities. The latter three species appear to be dispersed throughout the Park. Invertebrate animals: We observed 16 families, 27 genera, and 45 species of terrestrial mollusks in the Park. Families with the highest numbers of species include Camaenidae (7), Helminthoglyptidae (6), Urocoptidae (5), Helicinidae (4), and Oleacinidae (4). Terrestrial malacofauna endemism is high: 75.6% of the Park’s species are endemic, 12 (26.7%) are found only in the Park, and 12 (26.7%) are endemic to the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion. Eleven species (24.4%) are exotics (non-native), introduced in the Park. There are 106 spider species present in the Park belonging to 32 families and 82 genera. Best-represented families include Araneidae, Theridiidae, Salticidae, and Tetragnathidae. During this inventory, we recorded 11 new species for the Park, including 3 new records from the Hersiliidae, Mimetidae, and Segestriidae families. There are 33 endemic spider species present, including 4 that are endemic to Eastern Cuba, 2 endemic to the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion, and 7 that are known only from one or two localities within the Park (Barronopsis campephila, Kaira levii, Lycosa ovalata, Scaphiella bryantae, Dolomedes toldo, Selenops iberia, and Cyrtopholis plumosa). We observed 17 species, belonging to 6 orders, 7 families, and 12 genera of other arachnids (scorpions, whipscorpions, solpugids, and hooded tickspiders). 132 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 In the literature, there is one additional genus with 2 species recorded for the Park, but we did not observe either. Of the Park’s 19 species, 5 are new to science (2 Ammotrechella solpugids, 1 Cazierius scorpion, 1 Rowlandius schizomid, and 1 schizomid that represents a new genus and species). Fourteen of the 17 species are endemic to Cuba. We found 108 species of dipterans in the Park (13.4% of the 804 species recorded in Cuba), belonging to 71 genera and 34 families, with 11 endemic species (5.3% of Cuba’s endemic dipteran species). Of the endemics, 4 are national endemics, and 7 are considered local Park endemics: Epiphragma cubense (Tipulidae), Beameromyia cubensis (Leptogastridae), Lamprempis setigera (Empididae), Proctacanthus nigrimanus (Asilidae), Stenotabanus fairchildi (Tabanidae), and Micropeza verticalis and Grallipeza baracoa (Micropezidae). A wide diversity of important and significant hymenopterans (ants, bees, and wasps) inhabit the Park. We found 298 species, belonging to 35 families, which is approximately one-fourth of the 1,156 known species in the country and more than three-fourths of those recorded in the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion. Eighteen species (6.1% of the Park’s total) are endemic to Cuba. We estimate that the actual number of species present in the Park easily surpasses 400. Nonvascular plants: The list of liverworts and relatives includes 235 species, of which 234 are liverworts (Marchantiales, Monocleales, Metzgeriales, Jungermanniales) and one is a hornwort (Notothylas breutelii, Notothyladaceae). This is a significant percentage of all the liverworts and relatives reported for the country and the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion. Of the Park’s species, there are 8 endemic liverworts (3 of which are also considered threatened) and 10 nonendemic, threatened species. The moss flora is represented by 156 infrageneric taxa belonging to 69 genera and 33 families, which is 38.0% of those recorded in Cuba and 58.8% of the mosses known for the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion. Ten moss species are globally threatened and 4 are endemic to Cuba. Vascular plants: The Park possesses a rich pteridoflora (ferns and fern relatives), estimated at 650 species. To date, 298 species belonging to 72 genera and 23 families have been recorded, which represents 45.7% of the ferns in Cuba. We found 37 species currently categorized as, or proposed as, Threatened. There are 41 endemic and possibly endemic species, for an endemism rate of 13.8%, one of the highest in the country. Of the 41 endemic / possibly endemic species, 6 are known only from the Park. We had 5 new records for Cuba, 2 new records for the Park, and 3 very rare species were rediscovered. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 133 R E P O RT AT A G L A N C E Highlights of results We recorded 1,071 species, subspecies, and varieties of spermatophytes (continued) (seed plants), belonging to 472 genera, and 123 families. We estimate that throughout the Park there are 1,500 species. Of those registered, 97.8% are native (1,000) or probably native (48), and 57.7% are endemic to Cuba (595) or probably endemic (24). There are only 4 naturalized species (0.4% of the total number of species) and 19 introduced species (1.8%). The families presenting the most species, subspecies, and/or varieties are Rubiaceae (85), Asteraceae (67), Orchidaceae (66), Euphorbiaceae (61), Melastomataceae (56), Fabaceae s.l. (55), and Myrtaceae (45). The families with the highest number of endemic species include Rubiaceae (58), Euphorbiaceae (47), Asteraceae (45), Myrtaceae (40), and Melastomataceae (38). Human communities: Members of the rapid social inventory team worked in the La Melba Sector, which covers parts of Moa and Yateras Municipalities, in Holguín and Guantánamo Provinces, respectively. Within the sector, most people live in two communities: Arroyo Bueno (also called “La Melba”) and La Naza, with 382 inhabitants dedicated mostly to mining, subsistence agriculture, and to a lesser degree working in local education, cultural, commercial centers, and local establishments in which food is prepared. Arroyo Bueno has a grade school (35 students), a library, a computer and video center, a pharmacy, a medical center, a store for food products, a bakery, two television parlors, a cultural center, a sawmill, and an integrated hair salon and barbershop. La Naza also has a grade school (12 students), a library, a computer and video center, and a television parlor; inhabitants have to go to La Melba for the other services. Fortunately, there is a local environmental education program that includes local participation in its implementation. Residents recognize Alejandro de Humboldt National Park as a protected area, and as a result, there is motivation to participate in the environmental education program’s activities. There are specialists, technicians, park guards, and groups of community activists in the Park and the existing educational, cultural, and health system contributes to developing and implementing the Park’s environmental education program. A collaborator conducted a study of the use and knowledge of the local fauna in the communities of La Melba and Piedra La Vela, both situated in rainforest areas within the Park. The study suggests that the level of interaction with elements of the local fauna is relatively low. Fauna species most often reported as part of the local diet include hutias (with 21 responses), wild birds (for example, crows, hawks, parrots, with 17 responses), pigs (16), and Cuban boas (7). Hunting pressure on certain important native species, some of which are listed 134 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 as Conservation Targets in this report, could be high. Community members also report consuming wild exotic species, like wild boars (i.e., feral pigs). Data regarding community knowledge of animals functioning as biological controls, and those acting as disease vectors, show that awareness-raising environmental education programs are needed. These environmental education programs serve as a catalyst to involve more people in conservation planning and decision making. Main threats 01 Destruction and alteration of native habitats in the Park. Despite the Park’s current protection, some habitats are being transformed, fragmented, or otherwise degraded by human activities; and others may be threatened by these same activities. Deforestation and the presence of extensive agricultural zones are the principal causes of habitat destruction. Rainforests on poorly drained soils are especially vulnerable, not only because of their intrinsic fragility, but also because they occupy a small area. Deforestation has also seriously altered the coastal and precoastal belts of vegetation growing on limestone. Subsequent erosion of deforested areas (especially in areas that are converted to agricultural lands) may cause severe damage to the Park’s aquatic habitats. Inhabitants’ land use practices, which are incompatible with the area’s management category, threaten its conservation. Another threat, especially to amphibians, aquatic invertebrates, and fish, is water contamination of rivers and groundwater by residuals of mining activities and coffee processing. 02 Invasive and exotic species. Noncultivated, exotic species that are capable of displacing native vegetation are a serious potential threat in some areas of the Park. For example, even though populations of albaricoque (Syzygium malaccense, Myrtaceae), pomarrosa (S. jambos), and a species of Casuarina (Casuarinaceae) have not displaced extensive areas of native vegetation, they should be watched carefully and controlled if their populations begin to spread aggressively, as has occurred in other tropical habitats. 03 Once introduced animal species — such as pigs, dogs, and cats — go wild, they turn into serious predators, hunting amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, and damaging native vegetation. We have verified this current threat during fieldwork and by reports from Park staff. Predation is not selective and it affects practically all species. 04 Illegal extraction. Illegal logging, wood extraction to make charcoal, hunting of birds and mammals for food, and collecting or capturing native plants and animals for commercial sale are all activities that seriously threaten Park CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 135 R E P O RT AT A G L A N C E Main threats biodiversity. For example, the terrestrial malacofauna is affected by illegal (continued) sale of the shells of Polymita species. Hunting and collecting impact two threatened reptile species: the Cuban iguana and the Cuban boa. Both are consumed and the boa is targeted for elimination because people are afraid it will hunt their poultry. 05 Lack of knowledge, leading to incorrect management. Despite considerable efforts, there are still many gaps in our understanding of the Park’s biology. Several species living in the Park have not received research attention — even some of the most ecologically important species — and as a result, we do not have information about many species’ basic biology. There is also very little understanding about how to actively and passively manage the Park’s species to assure their survival and (in some cases) produce direct benefits for local residents. Current status This Park is one of Cuba’s most important strictly protected areas (Category II, World Conservation Union, IUCN). In 2001, UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site. Principal recommendations for protection and management 01 Reduce or eliminate deforestation or degradation of forested habitats. Protect remaining forests, especially rainforests, evergreen forests, and gallery forests, by controlling processes that convert land use from natural forests to pasture, agricultural, or mining areas. 02 Reduce or eradicate exotic species, focusing on the most damaging ones first. Prevent introduction of harmful animals in the forest, and seek additional resources to implement control and eradication plans of exotic plants and animals currently in the Park. 03 Control illegal extraction. Eliminate commercialization of Cuban Parrot (Amazona leucocephala), other birds, and snails of the genus Polymita. Stop hunting of Cuban iguana and Cuban boa. Limit collecting of botanical samples from rainforest on poorly drained soils, and prohibit new trails and roads. 136 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Why Alejandro de Humboldt National Park? Forests throughout the Insular Caribbean suffered immensely when large expanses of land were converted to sugarcane, coffee, plantain, and cacao plantations. Extensive areas of the original forests fell under the axes of colonists, along with the plants and animals living in them. Now, islands retaining original or slightly altered forests are extremely privileged. In eastern Cuba, the most extensive rainforests in the entire Caribbean are found within the borders of Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. The Park is an important haven for flora and fauna. Its exuberant tropical forests harbor thousands of species, many of which are unique and extraordinary. The last reports of Cuban Kites and Ivory-billed Woodpeckers in Cuba were from remote corners of the Park, where there is still hope that they will be found again. The area’s pristine conditions allow the almiquí, an endemic, insectivorous mammal, to survive; its largest population is found in the Park and is an important conservation target. Endemic birds, such as Giant Kingbird and Bee Hummingbird, frequent different parts of the Park, and the Park also receives a large number of migratory bird species (and individuals) from North America. The Park extends northeast to the coast and into the sea, where it protects a manatee population sheltered by the tranquil Bahía de Taco. In many places within the Park, beautiful Polymita mollusks move slowly over vegetation growing on limestone substrates. Places like Yamanigüey, El Toldo, and Monte Iberia harbor exceptional quantities of endemic plants, with endemism reaching 70%. As if this tremendous biodiversity was not enough to confirm the Park’s significance, a renowned Cuban naturalist once described the Toa River as the most important source of fresh water in the Insular Caribbean — most of this river’s tributary streams and rivers spring from the Park. These waters, an invaluable resource in today’s world, flow clean and pure thanks to the natural forests that protect them. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 137 Conservation in the Park CURRENT STATUS Alejandro de Humboldt National Park covers portions of Cuba’s easternmost provinces: Holguín (in Sagua de Tánamo and Moa Municipalities) and Guantánamo (Yateras, Baracoa, and Guantánamo Municipalities). Of the Park’s 70,680 hectares, 2,250 hectares correspond to its marine habitats, while the remaining area is terrestrial. This Park is one of Cuba’s most important strictly protected areas (Category II, World Conservation Union, IUCN) in terms of biodiversity, not only because it possesses the country’s highest levels of species richness and endemism, but also because it is the largest remnant of Cuba’s conserved mountainous ecosystems. In 2001, UNESCO declared the Park a World Heritage Site. In addition, the Park constitutes the core of the Cuchillas del Toa Biosphere Reserve. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 139 CONSERVATION TARGETS Conservation targets are the elements of physiographic, biological, or cultural diversity that we want to persist in the landscape. We used the following criteria to choose these targets: During the rapid inventory of Alejandro de Humboldt National Park we identified the following conservation targets. Site managers and planners will need more research to refine these selections. Codes in parentheses refer to the criteria described to the left. Detailed targets lists are found at the beginning of each group’s chapter in the Technical Report. C1 Wild vegetation types or aquatic habitats that are the foundations of native biodiversity Physiographic Features ■ Clean rivers and streams, free of toxins and sediments of anthropogenic origin that harm native amphibians, fish, and aquatic invertebrates (C1, C10) C2 Vegetation types or aquatic habitats that are especially species rich, diverse, or threatened ■ Karstic sites (of small extensions) within the Park that are essential for maintaining the strictly cave-dwelling bat species (C10) C3 Wild communities / assemblages that are especially species rich, diverse, or abundant in comparison to those of other landscapes in the country or region Terrestrial Vegetation Types ■ Large expanses of undisturbed vegetation, including the main vegetation types in the Park: rainforest, evergreen and semideciduous forests, pine groves, and scrub formations (C1, C2), some of which are local C4 Species, subspecies, or and unique groupings of species (C4) communities / assemblages that are endemic to the country, to the region, or to the locality Nonvascular Plants ■ Eight endemic species of liverworts, of which 3 are also threatened (C4, C5), plus the 10 C5 Species, subspecies, or non-endemic threatened species (C5) communities / assemblages that are rare, threatened, endangered, vulnerable, or declining (including species of economic importance) ■ One threatened moss species (Fissidens duryae), which is endemic to eastern Cuba (C4, C5), and the 9 other threatened species (C5) C6 Species or subspecies under such Vascular Plants intense local harvesting pressure that their populations may be in jeopardy (sufficient information is lacking) ■ Thirty-seven species of ferns that are either categorized as, or being considered for categorization as, Threatened (C5) ■ Thirty-eight endemic fern species, and 3 possible endemics (C4) (Codes continued on next page) ■ 140 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Tree ferns (C5) Conservation Targets (continued) C7 Concentrated populations of migratory species (either as passage migrants or as seasonal residents) that may be vulnerable through their dependence on the landscape’s resources C8 Institutions, social assets Vascular Plants ■ (continued) seeds) considered Endangered worldwide, 15 endemic species considered Vulnerable, and other rare endemic species (C4, C5) Mollusks ■ The 34 species endemic to Cuba (C4) Arachnids ■ Populations of 33 endemic spider species present (including human resources), or built structures that are significant for the diversity of the landscape, especially if threatened C9 Human land uses and social/ecological practices that apparently support or are compatible with biodiversity conservation Eight endemic species of spermatophytes (plants with in the Park, especially the 4 endemic to Eastern Cuba, 2 endemic to Sagua-Baracoa Subregion, and 7 known to exist only in one or two localities within Park borders (C4) Insects ■ The 11 endemic dipterans (flies), especially the 7 species that are only known to exist within the Park (C4) ■ Communities of hymenopterans, especially the ants, since the Park harbors the most ant diversity known C10 Physiographic features of the in Cuba (C3); endemic ant species of the genera landscape that harbor significant native biodiversity and are at risk Camponotus and Temnothorax (C4); and genera and species of Platymistax and Dipogon that, so far in Cuba, have only been found in this region (C5) Amphibians and Reptiles ■ Threatened species (12 amphibians and 11 reptiles), most of which are also endemic to Cuba (C4, C5) ■ Five species endemic to the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion (not considered threatened) (C2) ■ The Cuban iguana (Cyclura nubila) and the Cuban boa (Epicrates angulifer), that are locally pressured by human collection and that are included on IUCN’s Red List of threatened species (C5, C6) CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 141 Conservation Targets (continued) Birds ■ The Giant Kingbird (Tyrannus cubensis), Cuban Parrot (Amazona leucocephala), Cuban Crow (Corvus nasicus), Cuban Parakeet (Aratinga euops), Gundlach’s Hawk (Accipiter gundlachi ), Masked Duck (Nomonyx dominicus), Bee Hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae), Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus), and Gray-fronted Quail-Dove (Geotrygon caniceps) (C5) ■ Migratory birds originating from North America (C7) ■ Cuban Kite (Chondrohierax uncinatus wilsonii ), and Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis bairdi ), if present in the area (C4, C5) Mammals ■ The almiquí (Solenodon cubanus), an endemic and threatened insectivore (C4, C5) ■ Manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus), a threatened species (C5) ■ Two endemic hutias (Mysateles melanurus and Capromys pilorides) whose populations are subjected to serious capture pressure in the Park (C4, C6) ■ Two endemic bat species (C4), and significant bat populations in the area (C3) Human Communities ■ Specialists, technicians, park guards, and groups of community activists in the Park (C8, C9) ■ An environmental education program included in the Park’s management strategy, and educational, cultural, and health systems in place that contribute to developing and implementing the program (C8, C9) 142 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 THREATS Destruction and Alteration of Native Habitats Despite the Park’s current protection, some habitats are being transformed, fragmented, or degraded by human activities, and others are threatened by the possibility. Many native species are completely dependent on very specific microhabitats for survival. Not only are trees and shrubs affected by deforestation, but also different groups associated with these species, whose connections and specifications are still unknown. This is the case for the majority of liverwort species, which live only in the understory, or grow on certain plant species in these forested ecosystems, and need specific microhabitats of a certain age, with specific pH, shade, and humidity requirements for growth and reproduction. Many of the mollusks, arachnids, and insects, as well as the amphibians and reptiles, are extremely sensitive to even localized habitat loss or destruction. Logging (for example, in submontane rainforest on poorly drained soils, north of La Melba) and conversion to agricultural lands (for example, in Santa María-Nibujón, Cayo Berraco, and the lower part of Naranjo River Basin) are the main causes of habitat destruction. The rainforests on poorly drained soils are especially vulnerable, not only because of their intrinsic fragility, but also because they occupy a small area. In addition, deforestation has altered significantly the limestone coastal and precoastal belts of vegetation. Erosion subsequent to deforestation, especially in areas that are converted to agricultural lands, may cause severe damage to the Park’s aquatic habitats. Inhabitants’ land-use practices are incompatible with the area’s management for conservation. Another threat, especially to amphibians, aquatic invertebrates, and fish, is contamination of rivers and groundwater from residuals of mining activities and coffee processing. Both activities liberate organic and inorganic contaminants, which are carried to the water (non-point pollution) or directly dumped in the water (point pollution), with direct consequences (still unknown) for the amphibians, especially for those species with eggs and aquatic developmental stages. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 143 Threats (continued) Invasive and Exotic Species Noncultivated exotic species that are capable of displacing native vegetation are a serious threat in some areas of the Park. Non-native introduced animals also can threaten some areas. For example, the lowland and submontane rainforests on metamorphic soils are reasonably well conserved, but destructive animals like pigs are being introduced with increasing frequency. In addition, once the dog (Canis familiaris) and cat (Felis catus) turn feral, they prey upon amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. We have verified this current threat during fieldwork and by reports from Park staff. Predation is not selective and it affects practically any individual of these mentioned groups. Several populations of non-native plant species exist in the Park’s forest, including albaricoque (Syzygium malaccense, Myrtaceae), pomarrosa (S. jambos), and a species of Casuarina (Casuarinaceae). These species have not displaced extensive areas of native vegetation, but they should be managed carefully to prevent them from spreading aggressively, as has occurred in other tropical habitats. Illegal Extraction Illegal logging, wood extraction to make charcoal, hunting of reptiles, birds, and mammals for food, and collecting or capturing native plants and animals for commercial sale are all activities that seriously threaten biodiversity in the Park. Terrestrial malacofauna are affected by illegal sale of the shells of Polymita species. Hunting and collecting seriously impact the Cuban iguana (Cyclura nubila) and Cuban boa (Epicrates angulifer ). These species, both of which are included on IUCN’s Red List (IUCN 2004), are captured for food, and the boa is killed on sight because people are either afraid of it or they are worried that it could go after their poultry. Poaching of some species to sell as pets, such as the Cuban Parakeet and Cuban Parrot, threaten the health of their populations. Gundlach’s Hawk and other hawks are hunted because they often consume rural farmers’ chickens. In fact, BirdLife International reports this as the main reason why Gundlach’s Hawk has become threatened (Rodríguez-Santana, unpublished data). 144 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Threats (continued) Lack of Knowledge Leading to Incorrect Management Despite efforts, there are still many information gaps regarding our understanding of the Park’s biology. Several species living in the Park have not received research attention—even some of the ecologically important species —and as a result, we do not have information about the basic biology of many species. We also understand very little about how actively and passively to manage the Park’s species to assure their survival and, in some cases, to produce direct benefits for local residents. For example, parasitic and predator species make up the majority of the hymenopterans (wasps, bees, and ants) in the Park. Their survival depends on the availability of host insects and/or prey (many times specific) that establish complex and delicate multitrophic relationships, as is also the case for phytophagous species and their specific host plants. Given the high level of floral endemism in the Park, we assume that this interdependency exists between many hymenopterans and plants. Habitat destruction is thereby a major threat to hymenopterans. This holds true for other insects and arachnids, and to a certain degree for nonvascular and vascular plants, as well. Lack of knowledge is a threat even to better known taxonomic groups. For example, some areas within the Park are completely unknown or understudied with regard to the herpetofauna. Many aspects of these species’ natural histories are also unknown, including habitat use and sources of food. This information is essential for developing conservation strategies and for planning effective management actions for the area. Frequently, the origin of seeds used in plantations of Pinus cubensis and other broadleaf species is unknown. Plantations displace native vegetation and could alter the genetic bank of some native species. In human communities, the principal threat is inappropriate land use that comes from lack of knowledge. As emphasized by the chapter on human uses of the fauna, there is a need to disseminate biological information about the Park, which could benefit the local inhabitants and animals. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 145 Threats (continued) Small Population Sizes of Some Species Another important consideration is the fragility of some populations of species with small distributions (ranges), as they will no doubt be the first to disappear if habitat loss increases. Destruction of vegetation and its corresponding leaf litter layer, whether because of logging or increased frequency of set fires (which drastically alter microclimate parameters such as humidity and level of insolation), is a current and potential threat for amphibians, arachnids, insects, and many plant species that have small population sizes. 146 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 R E C O M M E N D AT I O N S Considering Alejandro de Humboldt National Park’s conservation targets and threats, we recommend the following goals and preliminary strategies for management and protection, additional scientific studies (inventories, research, and monitoring), and for human communities and environmental education. Detailed and specific recommendations for each organism group are found in the full Technical Report. Protection and Management 01 Eliminate deforestation and degradation of forested habitats. ■ Protect remaining forests, especially rainforests, evergreen forests, and gallery forests, by controlling processes that convert land use from natural forests to pasture, agriculture, or mining; in particular, emphasize conservation of lowland rainforests on metamorphic rocks and submontane rainforests on poorly drained soils (because their distribution within Cuba is found entirely within the Park). ■ Stop logging and tree and shrub clearing or removal, especially in Baracoa and Cupeyal del Norte Sectors, and prohibit vegetation clearing in Yamanigüey-Río Seco’s coastal charrascals. 02 Reduce or eradicate exotic species, focusing on the most damaging ones first. ■ Prevent introduction of non-native animals in the forests, especially in lowland and submontane rainforests on poorly drained soils. ■ Strengthen existing programs for erradicating invasive plants and animals (such as feral dogs and cats) and seek additional resources or financing to implement these plans more efficiently and extensively throughout the Park. 03 Control illegal extraction. ■ Limit collections of botanical samples in rainforests on poorly drained soils, and prohibit the opening of new trails and roads. ■ Eliminate the commercialization of the Cuban Parrot (Amazona leucocephala), other birds, and Polymita snails. ■ 04 Limit local hunting of the Cuban iguana and Cuban boa. Protect special habitats. ■ The Giant Kingbird population is a significant conservation element. Where it occurs, focus on maintaining appropriate conditions for this species, such as preserving large trees for nesting and perching, and protecting palms for food. (Ecological research is needed to achieve this conservation goal.) ■ Keep a strict vigilance over Monte Iberia’s lakes, as their communities are unique. Only research access should be permitted. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 147 R E C O M M E N D AT I O N S Protection and Management 05 Maintain and improve water quality, preventing sedimentation and contamination of aquatic habitats. (continued) ■ Take measures to prevent contamination, dam construction, and river and tributary diversions in La Melba and Ojito de Agua Sectors. ■ Communicate and insist on the need to conserve and protect the Altiplanicie El Toldo (the El Toldo high plateau) from mining activities. ■ Monitor and regulate coffee-processing plants to guarantee that they have measures in place to stop dumping wastes that harm amphibians into rivers. Additional Inventories Information about native species and their distribution in the Park is lacking. Many specific recommendations can be found in the Technical Report. Here we highlight some of the most pressing recommendations. 01 Prioritize studies of the flora and vegetation in the pine grove communities, rainforests, and charrascals. Specifically, focus on the following areas: south of La Melba; the Lirios, Jiguaní, and Naranjo River basins; Sierra Azul; ophiolites between Santa María and the Altiplanicie de Monte Iberia; rainforests and charrascals of Cupeyal del Norte; the extreme western section of the Park; Farallones de Moa; and El Toldo’s southern slope (the entire Altiplanicie El Toldo for bryophytes and pteridophytes). 02 Collect nonvascular plants (liverworts and bryophytes) from all areas with appropriate growing conditions, especially in Ojito de Agua Sector, which has not been studied thoroughly, during rainy and drier seasons. 03 Most Park areas lack studies of the ferns and fern relatives, and some places have never been studied. Conduct rapid inventories in these areas and include the pteridoflora along the limestone coastal and precoastal belts in order to develop appropriate conservation recommendations. 04 Conduct inventories of spiders during different times of the year and in additional habitats. 05 Study ants, wasps, and bees (Hymenoptera) in the Park’s canopy layers. This park is most appropriate for such studies. We propose developing an annual inventory in the most promising areas, including El Toldo, Las Tetas de Julia, and some places near Cupeyal, which has been the least studied to date. 06 Conduct long-term inventories with the participation of foreign taxonomic experts to increase knowledge of Park flies (Diptera) and to contribute to their management and conservation. 148 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Additional Inventories 07 (continued) Conduct additional amphibian and reptile inventories in different areas of the Park to add to the incipient knowledge of the herpetofauna. For example, the herpetofauna of Cupeyal del Norte Sector is barely understood, and the majority of this sector has not been studied at all. 08 Conduct additional bird inventories to verify whether or not populations of Cuban Kite (Chondrohierax uncinatus wilsonii ) or Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis bairdi ) still exist in Cuba, since the most recent sightings of these birds were from a region that includes Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. Determining whether their populations exist, and where, are priorities in avian conservation. 09 The Park maintains significant populations of various endemic and threatened bird species, including Gundlach’s Hawk, Cuban Parrot, Cuban Parakeet, Giant Kingbird, and Cuban Crow, as well as small populations of Gray-fronted Quail-Dove, Bee Hummingbird, and maybe even Blue-headed Quail-Dove (Starnoenas cyanocephala). Documenting the size and distribution of these species is the necessary first step for developing conservation management plans for these species in the Park. 10 Complete inventories of those groups of mammals for which additional species are predicted and for those groups with significant information gaps, such as bats. Research 01 Research active and passive methods for restoring damaged forests. ■ Conduct studies in areas affected by logging in submontane rainforests on poorly drained soils (in the upper part of Jiguaní River, north of La Melba), and in lowland rainforests over metamorphic rocks impacted by human intervention. ■ Study Pinus cubensis communities and their successional stages, how they develop in plantations, and how they are affected by shrub-layer removal. Learn how to manage and restore pine communities. ■ Study areas affected by fire and mining in El Toldo to determine restoration actions. 02 Study the effects of introduced and exotic species on native biodiversity. Determine which species are the most harmful, then study their population biology in the Park. Once results are obtained, management actions should be designed to reduce the threat. For example, the impact of feral cats and dogs on amphibians and reptiles is unknown. And, research is needed to CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 149 R E C O M M E N D AT I O N S Research achieve more efficient control and eradication of feral dogs and cats. We also (continued) need to know the effects of feral pigs and goats, and other introduced species, on ground-nesting birds, reptiles and amphibians, and on understory vegetation. 03 Document the effects of hunting and capturing birds for the pet trade. Study the effects of hunting and capture on populations of Cuban Parrots and other birds. 04 Research the effects of naturally occurring or human-induced fires on the Park’s ecology. Frequency of forest fires might be higher in altered forests than in pristine forests. This potential threat should be studied to determine if human-induced fires change the Park’s fire regime. 05 Study the effects of effluents from mining and coffee-processing plants, and from sedimentation from soil erosion in areas where humans have eliminated forest cover. Specifically, we recommend studying the effects of water contamination on amphibians and aquatic insects, focusing on contamination coming from mining and coffee-processing plants, in an effort to understand the need for regulation and, if needed, to improve regulation plans. 06 Study the taxonomy, ecology, and population biology of rare and threatened species, focusing on endemic and migratory species first. ■ Increase studies on distribution, ecology, and phenology of threatened and endemic mosses and research the taxonomy of certain moss groups. ■ Increase our knowledge of the Park’s pteridoflora growing on serpentine soils and the selectivity some species show towards this type of ecosystem, including epiphytes. Likewise, studies on the reproductive biology and survival strategies of naturally rare species are needed. ■ Carry out population studies of the seven spider species with distributions restricted to the Park to determine (1) actual distribution within the Park, (2) location and description of the male Scaphiella bryantae, (3) actual habitat requirements, and (4) location of Lycosa ovalata. ■ Develop research on taxonomy and ecology of Cuban dipteran groups that are not well understood and that could serve as indicators of ecosystem health (for example, Chironomidae). ■ Conduct research of those range-restricted amphibians and reptiles and study the reptiles hunted by humans in order to understand the “health” of their populations, which will serve as the basis for developing management actions and a starting point for monitoring. 150 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 ■ Sample bird populations to determine possible and actual effects of West Nile virus on the Park’s birds, including Cuban Crow and migratory species (for example, Chuck-will’s-widow). ■ Study the Giant Kingbird’s habitat availability and use, and its natural history in the region. ■ Determine the importance of shade-grown coffee plantations for migratory and resident species of particular interest. Investigate the population densities harbored by these plantations and investigate the ways in which shade-grown plantations differ from sun-grown, secondary forests, and from primary forests, in terms of their value as bird habitats. ■ Determine the requirements for those species nesting in secondary cavities in the Park. What species create cavities, and are there preferences among species when selecting cavities created by certain species? Is cavity availability limited for those secondary-cavity nesting species in the region? If so, is a nest-box program appropriate for Cuban Parrots? ■ Study the importance of fruit resources for local avifauna, including research on seasonal fruit usage in relation to seasonal movements, the degree to which migratory birds use fruit resources and a quantitative evaluation of the importance of fruit in local birds’ diets. ■ Historically, what birds have inhabited the Park? Thoroughly evaluate community knowledge and review previous research in the Park. Monitoring and Surveillance 01 In general, site managers should give special attention to endemic species categorized as Endangered and Vulnerable (see Conservation Target lists). Monitoring strategies of these species should be established, analyzing potential threats and estimating species’ distributions in the area. These actions will help maintain populations of threatened endemics in the Park over the long term. 02 Monitor population densities and relative abundance of Polymita species to understand to what degree illegal sale of their shells is threatening their populations and to propose measures to conserve their populations, unique in the world. 03 Establish an amphibian monitoring program in different points of the Park to detect early signs of declines or extinctions and to respond rapidly, implementing management actions. Even though amphibian declines and extinctions recorded in other Latin American sites have not been documented in Cuba, the possibility cannot be dismissed, especially considering lack of research on the subject on the island. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 151 R E C O M M E N D AT I O N S Human Communities and Environmental Education 01 Consolidate park management, providing additional resources and personnel training. ■ Increase the efficiency of control efforts to reduce or stop unregulated agriculture, logging, illegal hunting, and aggressive non-native flora and fauna within the Park. ■ Continue to develop and refine the Park’s Management Plan, using information from this and future inventories and research to protect ecosystem integrity and indigenous species. 02 Increase public awareness of the Park’s value and benefits. ■ Carry out environmental education activities in the community to raise awareness of threatened fauna, specifically focusing on the following: (1) terrestrial mollusks and Polymita protection, in an effort to stop illegal commercialization of their shells; (2) the importance of conserving Cuban iguana and Cuban boa; and (3) the importance of conserving birds typically captured and sold as pets. ■ Increase fund-raising efforts to obtain financial resources needed to purchase environmental education materials for use in the communities, such as paper, informational materials, binoculars, compasses, and local flora and fauna guide books. ■ Increase the environmental education program to include those dispersed communities/houses in areas with high potential for impacting the Park’s ecosystems. ■ Obtain financing to develop actions that improve local residents’ quality of life and cultural environment without threatening biodiversity. ■ Teach sustainable agricultural techniques to rural farmers, to improve soil use and to reduce erosion and subsequent sedimentation of rivers and streams. 152 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Technical Report INVENTORY SITES SITES VISITED BY THE BIOLOGICAL TEAM Alejandro de Humboldt National Park is subdivided in four administrative sectors: La Melba, Ojito de Agua, Baracoa, and Cupeyal del Norte (Fig. 3A). During the rapid biological inventory, we visited three camps in the Park. Two are located in La Melba Sector (“El 26” and Cocalito, approximately 14 km apart), and one in Baracoa Sector (the biological station at Bahía de Taco). Where possible, we report data per sector and also Park-wide. In addition, we report data for additional sites, about which we provide more information in individual reports (for example, the Amphibians and Reptiles of Altiplanicie El Toldo). EL 26 (20°28.056'N, 74°46.633'W, approximately 400 m altitude) From February 12 to 18, 2004, half of the biological team worked in the area around this camp. The El 26 site was mostly shrubby forest (sclerophyll rainforest) on serpentine soils, with dispersed pines, high endemic richness, and moderate species richness. From El 26, we had access via footpaths to various creeks with gallery forests growing on serpentine soils and to low-altitude rainforests growing on soils originating from metamorphic complexes. From our camp, we visited various sites between 300 and 700 m in altitude: Arroyo Anacleto (the Anacleto) stream, the headwaters of the Arroyo Cocalito, Las Tetas de Julia (the southern site was at 20°27.774'N, 74°45.198'W, 704 m), and the old sawmill called “El 26” in La Melba. Cocalito (20°26.050'N, 74°45.775'W, 125 m altitude) During the same time period (from February 12 to 18, 2004), the other half of the biological team worked in Cocalito. It was located on the margins of Jaguaní River, approximately 8 km downriver from the town of Arroyo Bueno (La Melba). The most common habitats were low-altitude rainforests growing on soils originating from metamorphic complexes, and gallery forests and scrub (matorrales). We set out from this camp, covering large distances, until we reached the sclerophyll rainforest. We visited these sites: El Poal, Arroyo Los Lirios, La Aurora, Cocalito, Juan Pérez, Palmares, Facistor, and Arroyo Bueno (20°26.421'N, 74°48.715'W, 150 m), CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 153 and we sampled limestone outcroppings known as also because it is the largest remnant of Cuba’s “El Peñón.” conserved mountainous ecosystems. In 2001, UNESCO declared the Park a World Heritage Site. In addition, the Bahía de Taco and surroundings Park constitutes the core of the Cuchillas del Toa (20°30.650'N, 74°44.299'W, 10 m altitude) Biosphere Reserve. The team worked from this station from February 19 to 21, 2004. Even though it is not one of the best-conserved areas in the Park, there is a mix of ecosystems, including evergreen forests (for example, sea-grape woodlands and mangroves), gallery forest, semideciduous forest, pine groves, scrub vegetation (matorral), grasslands, and secondary vegetation and other cultural vegetation. From the station, we visited a charrascal (a type of scrub growing on ophiolites in northeastern Cuba) and the coastline in Yamanigüey (20°34.688'N, 74°44.563'W, 20 m; 20°34.415'N, 74°44.775'W, 18 m; and 20°34.575'N, 74°45.471'W, 91 m). COMMUNITIES VISITED BY THE SOCIAL TEAM GEOLOGY There are extensive outcroppings of ophiolithic rock sequences in the area, represented by peridotites with the texture of tectonites, ultramafic accumulations, diabase dikes, and extrusive sedimentary levels. An important geological feature of the region is development of the ophiolithic association; however, scientific knowledge of Cuba’s ophiolithic complex is still insufficient. The Sabaneta Formation (of the Inferior to Middle Eocene period) is made up of acidic tufas, volcanic glass, limestone, marl, tuffites, and aleurolites The Castillo de los Indios Formation (of the Middle Eocene to the lower part of the Upper Eocene The social team visited two communities, Arroyo Bueno in the lower part) is made up of acidic tufas in which (also known as “La Melba,” 20°26.421'N, 74°48.715'W, vitroclastic and lithovitroclastic varieties predominate. 150 m) and La Naza from February 12 to 18, 2004 The vitroclastic tufa fragments are of partially altered (Fig. 3A). A colleague reports data from her studies volcanic glass. In this formation, limestone, marl, tuffites, conducted in La Melba and Piedra La Vela. and fine-grained aleurolites are widely distributed. The Jutía Formation (of Holocene age) is also found in the Park and forms part of the coastal PHYSICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS Authors: Bárbaro Zabala Lahitte and Rolando Villaverde López unconsolidated, friable, and fragmentary sediments, such as calcareous aleurolites and organodetritic limestones. INTRODUCTION RELIEF Alejandro de Humboldt National Park covers portions The Park’s complex geologic-geomorphological of Cuba’s easternmost provinces: Holguín (in the Sagua evolution has led to the existence of various relief types, de Tánamo and Moa Municipalities) and Guantánamo including terraced littoral plains, valleys and canyons (Yateras, Baracoa, and Guantánamo Municipalities). Of carved by rivers, low- and high-elevation hills, the Park’s 70,680 hectares, 2,250 hectares correspond to “tectonic-erosive” (tectónico-erosivas) highlands, its marine portion, while the remaining area is terrestrial. tectonic-erosive peaks, and one distinctive element, the This Park is one of Cuba’s most important 154 zone (transgressive littoral belts). It is composed of tectonic-erosive knife-edged slopes. Altitudes vary from strictly protected areas (Category II, IUCN) in terms of sea level to 1,109 m above sea level at Pico El Toldo, biodiversity, not only because it possesses the country’s the highest point in the Park. A great number of highest levels of species richness and endemism, but formations have developed on these relief types that RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 are not found in any other site in Cuba, including winds to change direction. As a result, there are pseudokarst on ultrabasic rocks. sites with strong wind gusts and other sites that Also, the karst system on limestone rocks are always calm. present at Farallones de Moa has created formations such as dogtooth rock (daggerlike projections called dientes de perro in Spanish) and the Farallones de Moa’s Great Cavern, which Cuba’s National Monument Commission has declared a “Local Natural Heritage.” HYDROLOGY Both the trade winds and relief provoke abundant rainfall in the Park. These factors have created a rich hydrographic network with 7 first-order basins and 15 second-order basins. There are a large number of human CLIMATE settlements dedicated to forestry, agricultural, and Climate of the two easternmost sectors is classified mining activities within these watersheds that affect the as typical Tropical Wet, prompted by (1) its geographic hydrographic network’s integrity and proper functioning. location in the northeastern portion of the territory and First-order basins are those of the Toa, Sagua, its proximity to the coast, and (2) the Trade Winds, Moa, Jiguaní, Nibujón, Santa María, and Taco Rivers. because once these winds interact with land, heavy The Toa River Basin is among the seven hydrographic rainfall results. Climate in the Park’s most western basins considered national priorities and its source is sectors is between Tropical Wet and Dry (classifications located in the Cupeyal del Norte Sector, in the Park’s according to Köppen 1991). These sectors are further most western portion. The Toa River Basin extends west south, and once the winds reach them, they contain less to east, includes the Jaguaní, Naranjo, and Quiviján moisture content. As a result, the western sectors are sub-basins as well as some other smaller ones, and more vulnerable to forest fires. covers 1,061 km2. This region, covering 130 km2 and The Park is the cloudiest part of Cuba, with a particular abundance of stratus clouds. Consequently, spanning the municipalities of Yateras, San Antonio del Sur, and Baracoa, is the rainiest part of Cuba. Second-order basins are those of the Jaguaní, there are many rainy days: between 180 and 240 per year. Rains are usually light. Frequency of heavy rains Castro, Macaguanigua, Yarey, Piloto, Jaragua, Riíto, is very low (especially in the Baracoa and La Melba Arroyo Prieto, El Toro, Calentura, Limones, El Naranjo, Sectors); however, in the Ojito de Agua and Cupeyal del Mal Nombre, Palmarito, and Jucaral Rivers. Norte Sectors there are fewer days with rain but intense rains are more frequent. In Baracoa and La Melba, almost daily rains prevent low temperatures, and minimum and medium temperatures are somewhat elevated because of the condensation’s latent heat, SOILS There are 10 soil types and 15 subtypes within the Park (Hernández et al. 1994). The following discussion describes the three main soil types. which prevents significant cooling. Temperatures in Ojito de Agua and Cupeyal del Norte are lower than Suelo Ferrítico Púrpura; Concrecionario (IB) in the other two sectors. This soil is found in the northern portion of the Temperature differences between the coolest Park, almost entirely within Holguín Province. It covers months (January and February) and the hottest months 26,238 ha with predominantly hilly topography (July and August) vary between 4º and 5ºC. Northeast (16.1-30.0%, with a minimum of 8.1-16.0%). Erosion winds of speeds between 11 and 20 km/h (reaching is severe because of the hilly topography, its clayey between 21 to 30 km / h in the highest altitudes) affect soil type (caolinite), and excessive surface runoff. the area. Winds are extremely calm in depressions, but Absorption is moderate. Average soil depth is 53 cm canyons and other relief forms sometimes force the and it is evaluated as fairly deep. Organic material in CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 155 the first soil horizon is medium (4.0%) and low (2.0%) browns, red ferralitic, alluvium, and muddy in horizon B. (see Spanish technical report for formal names of these soils, here translated literally to English); Suelo Ferralítico Rojo; Típico (IIA) slope gradients range from 0.5% to 30%; vegetation This soil type covers 10,529 ha throughout the portion includes rocky coastal, sandy, mangrove, evergreen of the Park located in Guantánamo Province. Hilly slopes forests, and cultural vegetation. predominate and erosion is severe and aggravated by abundant rainfall in the area. These soils are very deep Mountains to deep, moderately humidified. Stone and rock content Very humid mountains (>2,000 mm annual precipitation) is low, with 0.81% and 1.20% respectively. In general, drainage is normal because of predominately hilly 01 fluvio-acumulativos encajados), over serpentines, topography (16-30%); surface runoff is excessive and gabbros, lavas, tufa, slated limestone, agglomerates, absorption is good. In the first two soil horizons, and schists; soils purple ferritic, red fersiallitic, red- organic matter content is poor (<3.0%), decreasing with yellow ferralitic, carbonated brown, and natural depth. Agrochemical indexes, like assimable phosphorus skeletal (see Spanish technical report for formal (P2O5) and potassium (K2O), diminish with depth and names of these soils, here translated literally to rate between very low (<15%) and low fertility. English); slope gradients from 16 to 60%; vegetation types scrub (matorral), pine forests, and rainforest. Suelo Esquelético; Natural (XXVIIIU) This type of soil occupies 7,461 ha and is found in Fluvial-accumulative intermountain valleys (Valles 02 Erosive-denudative intermountain fluvial canyons areas throughout the entire Park. It is found mostly (Cañones fluviales erosivo-denudativos encajados), on hills (16.1%-30.0%), but it is also found on steep on serpentines, gabbros, lavas, tufa, slated slopes (>60%). Because of these steep slopes, and limestone, agglomerates, and schists; soils purple excessive superficial drainage, water runoff has swept ferritic, red fersiallitic, and carbonated brown; slope away almost all of the scarce topsoil, which has been gradients from 0.5 to 60%; vegetation types formed by atmospheric agents. Erosion of this soil rainforest, pine forests, and secondary vegetation. type is very strong. 03 Low, tectonic-erosive-denudative hills (Colinas bajas tectónico-erosivo-denudativas), on serpentines, LANDSCAPE FEATURES gabbros, lavas, tufa, slated limestone, agglomerates, In the Park, we find two fundamental landscape and marl; soils purple ferritic, red ferralitic, features (plains and mountains) with various subfeatures carbonated and uncarbonated browns; slope gradients described next. This classification follows Acevedo’s from 16 to 45%; vegetation types scrub, rainforest, system (1996). pine forests, secondary and cultural vegetation. 04 Plains Very humid plains (>2,000 mm annual precipitation) 01 schists; soils purple ferritic, red fersiallitic, yellowish Very humid “terraced-littoral-fluvial-marine- ferralitic, carbonated brown, and natural skeletal; abrasive-accumulative” plains (Llanura litoral- slope gradients from 8 to 60%; vegetation scrub, fluvio-marina-abrasivo-acumulativa-aterrazada muy pine forests, rainforest, and secondary. húmeda), on tufas, lavas, slatey limestone, agglomerates, clay, peat, dunes, sands, and alluvium deposits; soils include carbonated and uncarbonated 156 High, tectonic-erosive-denudative hills (Colinas altas tectónico-erosivo-denudativas), on agglomerates and RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 05 Tectonic-erosive highlands (Alturas tectónicoerosivas), on serpentines, gabbros, tufa, lavas, slated limestone, agglomerates, and schists; soils purple slope gradients between 30 and 60%; vegetation ferritic, red fersiallitic, red-yellow ferralitic, types pine forests, charrascal, and rainforest. uncarbonated brown, and natural skeletal; slope 03 gradients from 16 to 45; vegetation rainforest and (Colinas bajas tectónico-erosivo-denudativas), pine forests. 06 on gabros, tufas, lavas, slated limestone, and Tectonic-erosive connecting slopes (Pendientes de agglomerates; soils carbonated and uncarbonated enlaces tectónico-erosivas), on serpentine, gabbros, browns, reddish brown fersiallitic, and brownish-red tufa, lavas, slated limestone, agglomerates, and schists; ferromagnesian fersiallitic; slopes from 16 to 45%; soils purple ferritic, red fersiallitic, uncarbonated vegetation scrub, cultural, and secondary. brown, and yellowish ferralitic; slopes with gradients 04 between 16 and 60%; vegetation types rainforest, pine 08 09 Highland, tectonic-erosive-denudative hills (Colinas altas tectónico-erosivo-denudativas), forests, and cultural vegetation. 07 Lowland, tectonic-erosive-denudative hills on serpentine, gabbros, tufas, lavas, slated Low, tectonic-erosive highlands (Altiplanos limestone, and agglomerates; soils purple ferralitic, tectónico-erosivos bajos), on serpentine; soils purple red fersiallitic, uncarbonated brown, and natural ferritic and red fersiallitic; steeply inclined (16 to skeletal; slopes 30 to 40%; vegetation charrascal, 30% gradients); vegetation sclerophyll rainforest. cultural, and secondary. High tectonic-erosive highlands (Altiplanos tectónico- 05 Tectonic-erosive highlands (Alturas tectónico- erosivos alto), on serpentine; soil purple ferritic; erosivas), on serpentine, gabbros, tufas, lavas, slated slightly to moderately sloped (4 to 16%); vegetation limestone, agglomerates, and marl; soils natural types pine forest and sclerophyll rainforest. skeletals, reddish brown fersiallitic, carbonated and Tectonic-erosive peaks (Picos tectónico-erosivos), on uncarbonated brown, and red ferralitic; slope gradients from 30 to 60%; vegetation types scrub, serpentinite; soils purple ferritic and natural skeletal; pine forest, rainforest, cultural, and secondary. slopes steep to very steep (6 to 45%); vegetation type charrascal. 06 Tectonic-erosive connecting slopes (Pendientes de enlaces tectónico–erosivas), on serpentine, tufas, lavas, slated limestone, and agglomerates; soils Humid mountains (<2,000 mm annual precipitation) 01 Terraced, fluvial-accumulative intermountain valleys purple ferritic, brownish-red ferromagnesian (Valles fluvio–acumulativos encajados aterrazados), fersiallitic, natural skeletal, uncarbonated brown, on serptentine, gabbros, tufas, lavas, slated and red ferralitic; slope gradients 8 to 60%; limestone, agglomerates, and marl; soils natural vegetation types scrub, pine forest, rainforest, skeletal, purple ferritic, brownish-red evergreen forest, and cultural. ferromagnesian fersiallitic, and uncarbonated and 02 07 Low, tectonic-erosive highlands (Altiplanos carbonated browns; slopes between 8 and 45% tectónico-erosivos bajos), on serpentine; soils purple inclination; vegetation types scrub (matorral), pine ferritic; sharply inclined to steep (16 to 60%); forest, and cultural and secondary. vegetation sclerophyll rainforest, charrascal, and Intermountain, erosive-denudative fluvial canyons pine forest. (Cañones fluviales erosivo-denudativos encajados), 08 High, tectonic-erosive highlands (Altiplanos on serpentine, tufas, lavas, slated limestone, tectónico-erosivos altos), on serpentine, tufas, lavas, agglomerates, and schists; soils purple ferritic, red slated limestone, and agglomerates; soils purple fersiallitic, natural skeletal, and uncarbonated brown; ferritic, brownish-red ferromagnesian fersiallitic, CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 157 09 uncarbonated brown, red ferralitic, and carbonated communities: (1) the Moa and Baracoa Mountains’ brown; slope gradients from 8 to 45%; vegetation paleogeographic evolution and their antiquity; charrascal, rainforest, pine forest, and cultural. (2) this was the first place where serpentine and Tectonic-erosive peaks (Picos tectónico-erosivos), mountain flora evolved in Cuba (Borhidi 1991, 1996; over serpentine and limestone; soils natural skeletal, purple ferritic, and uncarbonated brown; slopes from 16 to 45%; vegetation charrascal, pine forest, López et al. 1994; Reyes 1994); and (3) the large number of environments (for example, rainy areas, ophiolithic mountains, a great variety of ecotopes). and evergreen forest. 10 Tectonic-erosive, knife-edged slopes (Cuchillas tectónico-erosivas), over serpentines, tufas, lavas, slated limestone, and agglomerates; soils purple ferritic, natural skeletal, red ferralitic and uncarbonated brown; slopes from 8 to 45%; vegetation types charrascal, pine forest, and rainforest. METHODS Our floristic study of Alejandro de Humboldt National Park is based on Reyes’ classification (in press), which took previous Cuban classifications into account (León 1946; Samek 1974; Bisse 1988; Capote and Berazain 1984; Del Risco 1995; Borhidi 1987, 1991). In order to identify species, we referred to the Flora of Cuba, volumes 1 to 5 (León 1946; León and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964), updated by Liogier’s VEGETATION Supplement (1974), and other more recent publications. We conducted vegetative sampling, where we Participants / Authors: Orlando J. Reyes and Félix Acosta Cantillo described structure, floristic composition by layer, species Conservation targets: Submontane scrub on poorly drained soils; communities of Pinus cubensis; lowland rainforests on metamorphic rocks; submontane rainforest on poorly drained soils; cloud charrascal; lowland charrascal; gallery scrub formations; and mangrove stands (of Rhizophora mangle) on soils with heavy metals abundance and dominance (sensu Braun Blanquet 1964), and ecological conditions. In describing the strata and associations we used the following categories to describe species presence: constant (present in more than 80% of the samples), frequent (present in 60 to 79%), less frequent (present in 30 to 59%), and occasional (present INTRODUCTION in 15 to 29%). Classifying vegetation is a dynamic process, and classifications are continually modified as additional knowledge is acquired. Classification also depends on the researcher’s perception and criteria, and as a result it is always hard to unite criteria. A vegetative formation is the sensorial perception of a vegetation type defined mostly by physiognomy, which depends on the spatial distribution of its predominate biological forms. It considers floristic, climatic, soil, biogeographic, paleohistoric, anthropogenic, and other criteria (Rivas-Martínez 1995). This concept provides the basis for this study. Several contributing factors have converged to make the Park the most biologically diverse zone in all of Cuba, with many endemic taxa and vegetative 158 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 VEGETATION TYPES The following describes natural, cultural, and secondary vegetation types (Reyes, in press). Natural vegetation types are divided into evergreen, evergreen seasonal, pine groves, scrub, vegetation complexes, and grassland types (Fig. 3B). Alejandro de Humboldt National Park’s vegetation types are: ■ Rainforests – Lowland rainforests on metamorphic complex – Submontane rainforests on metamorphic complex – Lowland and submontane rainforests on ophiolites (sclerophyll rainforest) – Submontane rainforests on poorly drained soils ■ Evergreen forests These rainforest areas receive the most rainfall – “Calciphobic” microphyll evergreen forest in Cuba, with more than 3,000 mm rain per year. There – Submontane mesophyll evergreen forest are certain sectors that receive approximately 3,600 mm (mesophytic) per year, including areas close to La Melba (3,400 mm), – Gallery forest Boca Jaguaní (3,469 mm), Aguacate (3,822 mm) – Sea-grape woodlands (Montenegro 1991), and La Planta (3,650 mm) – Mangrove (González and Lora 1987). It rains approximately ■ Semideciduous forest 200 days per year (see previous Climate section). ■ Pine groves of Pinus cubensis October to January and May are the rainiest months, ■ Scrub vegetation (matorrales) – Lowland charrascal – Cloud charrascal – Scrub associated with mangrove – Gallery scrub – Submontane scrub on poorly drained soils averaging 300-500 mm per month; February and March are the least rainy months, with about 200 mm. Even during the driest years, there is still over 2,200 mm of rainfall. At the other extreme, occasionally rainfall surpasses 5,000 mm. Cuba’s highest relative humidity rates occur here: yearly values vary between 90 and 95%. The most humid month is October and the least ■ Vegetation complexes humid month is July. Evaporation is less than 900 mm. ■ Grasslands Temperatures are elevated, between 22 and 26°C, which – Wetland grasslands along with frequent and long calm periods produce a – Gallery grasslands sensation of suffocating heat (Montenegro 1991). – Halophyte grasslands ■ Cultural vegetation ■ Secondary vegetation Rainforests (pluvisilvas) Rainforests are found in Cuba’s rainiest areas: in eastern Cuba, they are found in Sierra de Nipe and Sierra Maestra (approximately 2,000 mm annual rainfall) and in the Toa and Duaba River Basins (approximately 3,600 mm annual rainfall). In this Park, there are several rainforest types, depending on the area’s geological and soil differences. Soils are poor, acidic, and humid (frescos) (Ferralítico Rojo Lixiviado and Ferralítico Amarillento Lixiviado sensu Hernández et al. 1994), over a ferralitic, meteorized (weathered) crust. In parts, the soil is gravely and in other parts it is clayey loam. Drainage is excellent, both absorption and surface runoff. Soil depth is usually slight to moderate. Relief is very uneven and some slopes are 40° or more. Secondary ridges (parteaguas) are very sharp, which is why they are called “knives” (cuchillas). Microrelief varies from flat with some irregularity to slightly undulated. Exposures are varied. Generally, the L humus layer is 2 cm thick; Lowland rainforest on metamorphic complex the F horizon fluctuates between 0.5 and 2 cm and it (pluvisilva de baja altitud sobre complejo metamórfico) is often full of rootlets that absorb nutrients from This is Cuba’s most exuberant rainforest type. It grows decomposing material (and even from intact leaves). on metamorphic rocks (for example, Santo Domingo, These rootlets, together with the first centimeters of soil, Sierra del Purial) up to 400 m altitude. Its largest make up this ecosystem’s principal nutrient absorption extension is found on the erosional window in the mid and recycling subsystem. In many places, these roots form section of Jaguaní River, and smaller extensions are a mat 3 to 5 cm thick (or sometimes more) contained in a found in Mal Nombre, Boca de Jaguaní, and Quiviján. matrix of “mull humus” (i.e., humus with lots of organic matter, more or less neutral pH, and a C/N ratio near 10). CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 159 The vegetation has a distinctly mesophyllic aspect, due to the predominance of Carapa guianensis which covers between 50 and 90% of the surface. (Meliaceae). Also typical within these forests are The constant and most abundant species include Carapa branches and leaves forming horizontal planes, as guianensis, Oplismenus hirtellus (Poaceae), Diplazium was described by Leigh (1982) in other forests of this unilobum (Dryopteridaceae), and Cyathea aspera. same type. Additional constant species include Cupania americana, Generally, there are two arboreal layers. Prestoea acuminata var. montana, Hirtella triandra, The upper layer frequently reaches 30 to 35 m; when Miconia prasina (Melastomataceae), Pharus latifolius it only reaches 20 to 25 m (sometimes less), it has (Poaceae), a species of Desmodium (Faboideae, emergents reaching 35 m. In some, more well-developed Fabaceae), Phaius tankervilliae (Orchidaceae), places there are three layers: The first is between Commelina erecta (Commelinaceae), and Bolbitis 35 and 45 m (Carapa guianensis), the second reaches nicotianaefolia (Lomariopsidaceae). Frequent species approximately 25 m, and the third is between 8 to 18 m. include Trophis racemosa, Pseudolmedia spuria Arboreal canopy coverage is 100%. Upper layers mostly (Moraceae), Beilschmiedia pendula (Lauraceae), Ocotea are made up of Carapa guianensis, Guarea guidonia leucoxylon, Piper hispidum (Piperaceae), Oxandra (Meliaceae), Ocotea floribunda (Lauraceae), and laurifolia, Oplismenus setarius (O. hirtellus, Poaceae), a Oxandra laurifolia (Annonaceae). To a lesser degree, species of Cyathea (Cyatheaceae), Blechnum occidentale Zanthoxylum martinicense (Rutaceae), Schefflera (Blechnaceae), and Adiantum pyramidale (Pteridaceae, morototoni (Araliaceae), Cupania americana abundant). Less frequent species include Casearia (Sapindaceae), Sapium jamaicense (S. laurifolium, sylvestris var. sylvestris (Flacourtiaceae), Urera Euphorbiaceae), and Cecropia schreberiana baccifera, Bolbitis pergamentacea (Lomariopsidaceae), (Cecropiaceae) are also present. Other species, such as and Alsophila minor (Cyatheaceae). Prestoea acuminata var. montana (Arecaceae), Lianas and climbers are not abundant; Dendropanax arboreus (Araliaceae), and Ocotea constant species include Entada gigas (Mimosoideae, leucoxylon (Lauraceae) can be found. The lower Fabaceae), Hippocratea volubilis (Hippocrataceae), arboreal layer is composed most often of Carapa Marcgravia rectiflora (M. trinitatis, Marcgraviaceae), guianensis, Prestoea acuminata var. montana, Oxandra and Philodendron lacerum (Araceae); frequent species laurifolia, and Calyptronoma plumeriana (Arecaceae); include Serjania simulata (Sapindaceae), and Polybotrya other less frequent species include Hirtella triandra osmundacea (Dryopteridaceae). Less frequent species (Rosaceae), Cupania americana, and Miconia elata include Philodendron consanguineum (Araceae) and (Melastomataceae). And occasional species include Smilax lanceolata (Smilacaceae). On occasion, Gouania Dendropanax arboreus, Guarea guidonia, Cecropia lupuloides (Rhamnaceae) and Cissus verticillata schreberiana, Gerascanthus sulcatus (Boraginaceae), (Vitaceae) are found. and Cyathea aspera (Cyatheaceae). Saplings are the main component of the Like lianas and climbers, epiphytes are not abundant. Frequent species include Guzmania shrub layer, which covers between 10 and 40% of the monostachya (Bromeliaceae), Columnea (Dalbergaria) ground surface. The most common species is Carapa cubensis (Gesneriaceae), and Campyloneurum guianensis; frequent species include Calyptronoma phyllitidis (Polypodiaceae). Less frequent species plumeriana, Hirtella triandra, Prestoea acuminata var. include Guzmania lingulata (Bromeliaceae), Peperomia montana (abundant), and Cyathea aspera. Less frequent rotundifolia (Piperaceae), Polytaenium feei (Vittariaceae), species include Urera baccifera (Urticaceae), Oxandra and Asplenium serratum (Aspleniaceae). laurifolia, and Guarea guidonia. 160 Ferns dominate the herbaceous layer, RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Submontane rainforest on metamorphic complex Tetrazygia bicolor (Melastomataceae). Frequent species (pluvisilva submontana sobre complejo metamórfico) include Dendropanax arboreus, Sloanea curatellifolia This rainforest type is found between 400 and 700 m (Elaeocarpaceae), and Guatteria blainii (Annonaceae). altitude, in areas occupied by the Sierra del Purial The shrub layer covers between 20 and 80%, Formation, made up of diverse schists, and intermediate normally between 20 and 40%. The only constant and composition tufas, among others. Relief is severely abundant species is Cyathea parvula (Cyatheaceae). dissected and rugged. Slopes vary between 35° and 45°, Other constant species include Chrysophyllum sometimes less, and microrelief is varied, mostly hilly, argenteum (Sapotaceae), Palicourea crocea, Psychotria although it is occasionally flat to fractured. uliginosa, two other Psychotria (Rubiaceae), and one Soil is Ferralítico Rojo Lixiviado, from reddish Miconia. Frequent species observed include Meriania brown to brownish red, generally shallow. Soil layer leucantha var. nana (Melastomataceae), and sometimes A is commonly loamy, occasionally loamy-clayey, and Piper (Lepianthes) peltata (Piperaceae). some times slightly gravelly to slightly rocky, or on exception rocky. The L layer is 3 to 4 cm thick. In most of Generally, the herbaceous layer has great coverage (between 40 and 90%), but is sometimes less. Constant herbaceous species include Phaius tankervilliae the area, the F layer is barely perceptible; it is always (Orchidaceae) and one abundant species of Panicum less than 1 cm thick and it is diffuse. The H layer is (Poaceae). Ferns deserve a special mention in this layer practically inexistent. Nonetheless, there is a great since their species richness is great. In addition to those proliferation of roots and living rootlets on the soil’s already mentioned, other constants include Cyathea surface, which sometimes absorb nutrients from nearly parvula, Danaea elliptica (sometimes abundant, intact leaves. This forest type is also located in one of Marattiaceae), and Nephrolepis rivularis the rainiest areas, with 2,500 mm of annual rainfall. (Nephrolepidaceae). Frequent members of the group The forest is of mesophyll character; its internal include Olfersia alata, Oleanda articulata structure is irregular but continuous. Its arboreal layer (Dryopteridaceae), and a species of Elaphoglossum reaches 18 to 20 m, with some predominant species (Lomariopsidaceae). Occasionally, the following species reaching 25 to 30 m. On occasion, a second sublayer at are found: Elaphoglossum herminierii (Lomariopsidaceae), 12 m is distinguishable, mostly made up of palms. Thelypteris wrightii (Thelypteridaceae), Polytaenium feei, The constant and most abundant species include Polybotrya osmundacea, Trichomanes rigidum, and Alchornea latifolia (Euphorbiaceae), Calophyllum T. scandens (Hymenophyllaceae). rivulare and Clusia rosea (Clusiaceae), and Prestoea Constant liana and climber species include acuminata var. montana. Additional constant species Philodendron lacerum and P. consanguineum, Smilax include Beilschmiedia pendula, Buchenavia tetraphylla lanceolata, and a Paullinia (Sapindaceae). Frequent (B. capitata, Combretaceae), Cupania americana, species include Scleria secans (Cyperaceae) and Schefflera morototoni, Ficus maxima (Moraceae), Symphysia alainii (Ericaceae), and occasional species Chionanthus domingensis (Oleaceae), Matayba include Passiflora sexflora and P. cubensis domingensis (Sapindaceae), Ocotea cuneata and (Passifloraceae), and Tragia hexandra (Euphorbiaceae). O. leucoxylon (Lauraceae), Prunus occidentalis This forest type is poor in epiphytes. Constants (Rosaceae), Bactris cubensis (Arecaceae), Calyptronoma include Guzmania monostachya, Columnea cubensis plumeriana (sometimes abundant), Casearia sylvestris, (C. sanguinea, Gesneriaceae), and Marcgravia evenia Gomidesia lindeniana and a species of Eugenia (both subsp. evenia (Marcgraviaceae); the rest are ferns. Less Myrtaceae), and Miconia elata, M. prasina, and frequent is Nephrolepis rivularis, and occasional species include Oleandra articulata, Trichomanes scandens, and CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 161 Elaphoglossum chartaceum and E. herminierii cubense (Rutaceae), Cyrilla nipensis (Cyrillaceae), (Lomariopsidaceae). Coccothrinax orientalis (Arecaceae), and Ouratea striata (Ochnaceae). Sclerophyll rainforest (pluvisilva de baja altitud y arboreal layer. Its coverage fluctuates between 20 and This forest type is well developed from Cupeyal del 60%. There are very few constant species, made up only Norte to Baracoa, where it grows at sea level to 900 m of one Spathelia (Rutaceae) species and Cyathea parvula in altitude. Its substratum rocks are ophiolithic. Its soils (abundant, Cyatheaceae). Less frequent species include are Ferríticos Rojos Oscuros, very poor and acidic, and Hieronyma nipensis (Euphorbiaceae), Clusia tetrastigma, shallow to very deep; sometimes, bare rock is exposed. Protium fragans, Calophyllum utile, Pimenta odiolens, Drainage is excellent. Macrorelief is dissected, with Tabebuia dubia, Podocarpus ekmanii, Guatteria blainii abrupt slopes (usually between 20 and 35°) generally (Annonaceae), Ilex hypaneura and I. macfadyenii forming the mesorelief. Annual rainfall varies between (Aquifoliaceae), Tabernaemontana amblyocarpa approximately 1,700 mm and 3,600 mm. (Apocynaceae), Plumeria clusioides, Bactris cubensis Humus layer L fluctuates between 1 and 3 cm, (Arecaceae), Miconia baracoensis (Melastomataceae); occasionally reaching 5 cm deep. The F layer varies Mettenia (Chaetocarpus) acutifolia (Euphorbiaceae), and between 0.5 and 3.5 cm, with many rootlets directly one species of Coccoloba (Polygonaceae). absorbing decomposing material. The H layer is made up of a root mat, embedded in a humus matrix between 7 The herbaceous layer is dense. Its coverage fluctuates between 80 to 100%, although sometimes it and 17 cm (more frequently between 7 and 10 cm, but on is less. Two constant species stand out because of their occasion, close to some trees, it can be 40 cm). This root great coverage: Arthrostylidium fimbriatum (Poaceae) mat is made up of a range of roots of differing thickness and Cyathea parvula. The rest of the species are and living rootlets, where almost all water and nutrient dispersed; other constant species include Calophyllum absorption occurs. The mat constitutes a subsystem where utile, a species of Spathelia (Rutaceae), Clerodendrum this ecosystem’s sustaining nutrients are recycled. nipense (Verbenaceae), and Miconia baracoensis. Leaves are mostly microphyll and notophyll, Frequent species include Tabebuia dubia, Podocarpus very sclerophyllous. The arboreal layer is irregular in ekmanii, Matayba domingensis (Sapindaceae), Bactris height and it generally fluctuates between 10 and 20 m, cubensis, Neobracea valenzuelana (Apocynaceae), and a with emergents reaching 25 to 35 m. Constant and species of Piper (Piperaceae), Vernonia pineticola abundant species include Calophyllum utile (Asteraceae), and Psychotria revoluta (Rubiaceae). (Clusiaceae), Guapira rufescens (Nyctaginaceae), and Floristically, lianas are relatively poor. One Tabebuia dubia (Bignoniaceae). Additional constant species of Rajania (Dioscoreaceae) is constant. Frequent species include Sideroxylon jubilla (Sapotaceae), Sloanea species include Platygyna leonis (Euphorbiaceae), curatellifolia, Guatteria blainii, and Jacaranda arborea Smilax havanensis (Smilacaceae), Marcgravia evenia (Bignoniaceae); the last two are locally abundant. (Marcgraviaceae), and Vanilla bicolor (Orchidaceae). Less Frequent species include Hieronyma nipensis frequent species include Vanilla palmarum (Orchidaceae), (Euphorbiaceae), and Bactris cubensis. Less frequent and Odontosoria scandens (Dennstaedtiaceae). Occasional species (and sometimes abundant) include Podocarpus species include Chiococca cubensis (Rubiaceae), and ekmanii (Podocarpaceae), Pimenta odiolens Galactia revoluta (Faboideae, Fabaceae). (Myrtaceae), Clusia tetrastigma (Clusiaceae), Byrsonima 162 The shrub layer has fewer species than the submontana sobre ofiolitas or pluvisilva esclerófila) Only one species of epiphyte is constant: biflora (Malpighiaceae), Protium fragans (Burseraceae), Guzmania lingulata. Frequent species include Guzmania Plumeria clusioides (Apocynaceae), Zanthoxylum monostachya, and Tillandsia valenzuelana, less frequent RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 species include T. fasciculata, and one occasional species: T. bulbosa (all of which are Bromeliaceae). There is a continuum rather than a sharp difference between the shrub and herbaceous layers. The shrub layer is dense and covers between 50 and Submontane rainforest on poorly drained soils 80%, at times less. Constant and abundant species (pluvisilva submontana sobre suelos de mal drenaje) include Bonnetia cubensis, Clusia tetrastigma, and This forest type is located on Alturas de Moa’s old, Purdiaea ophiticola var. parvifolia; additional constant submontane, high plateaus. It has Ferrítico Amarillento species are Garcinia revoluta (Clusiaceae), and soil, formed under poor drainage conditions. The soil is Calycogonium grisebachii (Melastomataceae). extremely poor, with a cation exchange capacity (CEC, Frequently observed species are Mettenia oblongata, the potential quantity of nutrients that the soil can Tabebuia dubia, Pinus cubensis, Cyrilla nipensis, Lyonia retain) of 1.46 milliequivalents per 100 g of soil (Ruíz lippoldii (Ericaceae), and Ravenia shaferi var. ekmanii. 1988); it is very acidic and gummy. This vegetation type Species observed less frequently are Podocarpus ekmanii, receives approximately 3,000 mm of rain per year, and Byrsonima biflora, Abarema nipensis (Mimosoideae, temperatures are relatively cool, between 20 and 22°C Fabaceae), Bactris cubensis, a species of Coccoloba, (Montenegro 1991). Generally, its root mat is 20 cm Jacaranda arborea, Hieronyma nipensis, a species of thick or more, where all nutrients of this lush ecosystem Lyonia (Ericaceae), Ilex macfadyenii, Euphorbia munizii are recycled. (Euphorbiaceae), Psychotria revoluta (Rubiaceae), and Cyathea parvula. The herbaceous layer coverage is North of La Melba always elevated, between 90 and 100%. The constant This rainforest has very peculiar physiognomic and most abundant species in the herbaceous layer are characteristics. The leaves do not form horizontal Bonnetia cubensis, Clusia tetrastigma, Lycopodiella planes, rather they are at a 45° angle (approximately), cernua (Lycopodiaceae), and Dicranopteris flexuosa which produces a unique aspect. Leigh (1982) observed (Gleicheniaceae). Tabebuia dubia, and Cyathea parvula this in other mountainous vegetation. The plants are are also constant. Frequent species are Ravenia shaferi mostly microphylls and sclerophylls, and many of them var. ekmani, Euphorbia munizii, Neobracea valenzuelana, have thick leaves. The arboreal layer reaches 12 to 20 m Calycogonium grisebachii, Cyrilla nipensis, Purdiaea and currently covers (because of anthropogenization) ophiticola var. parvifolia, Palicourea domingensis between 20 and 30%. In addition, this layer is species- (Rubiaceae), and two species of Rhynchospora poor. Constant and the most abundant species include (Cyperaceae). Species found less frequently include Bonnetia cubensis (Theaceae), and an ophiolithic Jacaranda arborea, Ilex macfadyenii, Hieronyma ecomorph of Pinus cubensis (Pinaceae), in which the nipensis, Bactris cubensis, Mettenia oblongata, Psychotria needles are harder and more clustered together than in revoluta, another Psychotria species, Sticherus remotus the typical phenotype (Reyes 1978). Frequent species (Gleicheniaceae), Eugenia pinetorum (Myrtaceae), include Byrsonima biflora, and Clusia tetrastigma. Ouratea striata, Garcinia revoluta, Hypericum Less frequent species include Purdiaea ophiticola var. styphelioides (Hypericaceae), Baccharis scoparioides, parvifolia (Cyrillaceae), Jacaranda arborea, and Vernonia segregata (Asteraceae), Guettarda monocarpa Tabebuia dubia. Occasional species in this layer include (Rubiaceae), Andropogon bicornis y A. virginicus Mettenia oblongata (Chaetocarpus globosus subsp. (Poaceae), Lindsaea stricta (Dennstaedtiaceae), and oblongatus, Euphorbiaceae), Coccoloba shaferi Lycopodiella caroliniana (Lycopodiaceae). A moss layer (Polygonaceae), Ravenia shaferi var. ekmanii covers between 10 and 30% of the ground surface. (Rutaceae), Sideroxylon jubilla (Sapotaceae), and Cyrilla nipensis (Cyrillaceae). Constant liana species are Vanilla bicolor, V. palmarum, and Odontosoria scandens. Less frequent CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 163 species include Marcgravia evenia, and a species of The shrub layer fluctuates between 10 and Arthrostylidium. Occasionally, Odontosoria aculeata, 60% coverage, 40 to 60% is more common. This layer and Ipomoea carolina (Convolvulaceae) are seen. does not have many constant species; only Podocarpus Epiphytes are not abundant. The only constant epiphyte ekmanii, Hieronyma nipensis, and Cyathea parvula are is Tillandsia bulbosa, and the frequent species are the categorized as such. The frequent species are Clusia hemiparasite Dendrophthora tetrastachya (Viscaceae) tetrastigma, Bonnetia cubensis, Sideroxylon jubilla, Ilex and one species of Catopsis. Less frequent species are hypaneura (Aquifoliaceae), Cyrilla nipensis, and a Guzmania monostachya, G. lingulata, and Tillandsia species of Callicarpa (Verbenaceae). valenzuelana (Bromeliaceae). The herbaceous layer is very dense, covering between 90 and 100% (on exception, 80%), and it is the Monte Iberia richest in species. Constant and most abundant species In Monte Iberia, this rainforest’s interior has are Podocarpus ekmanii, Clusia tetrastigma, Palicourea distinguishing characteristics. Generally, mosses and domingensis, y Cyathea parvula; additional constants liverworts cover all of the trees and shrubs, reaching include Sideroxylon jubilla, Matayba domingensis, about 6 to 10 m. Sometimes the trees are carpeted Hieronyma nipensis, Ouratea revoluta (Ochnaceae), with 6- to 8-cm thick layers of Herbertus pensilis Myrsine coriacea, Vernonia segregata, and Pimenta (Herbertaceae); sometimes these layers can be 15 cm racemosa (Myrtaceae). Frequently observed species thick. Groups of mosses and liverworts up to 10 cm long, include Bonnetia cubensis, Guettarda valenzuelana mostly Phyllogonium viride (Phyllogoniaceae), hang from (Rubiaceae), Byrsonima biflora, Miconia dodecandra, leaning shrubs. As on standing trees, fallen trunks are Lyonia lippoldii, Calycogonium grisebachii, Mettenia also covered in bryophytes, and sometimes epiphytic acutifolia, Callicarpa oblanceolata (Verbenaceae), Ossaea ferns. Between trees and over some bushes, Odontosoria shaferi (Melastomataceae), Ilex hypaneura, Symphysia scandens forms dense lattices that reach 2 m, forming a alainii, Hedyosmum nutans (Chloranthaceae), a species of spider web-like structure that imparts (along with the Psychotria, a species of Ageratum (Asteraceae), a species epiphytic bryophytes) a particular appearance. of Rhynchospora, and Sticherus remotus. Less frequent The arboreal layer is very dense, covering 90 to 100%, at times less. Its height is irregular, fluctuating cubensis, Cyrilla nipensis, Ocotea spathulata, Talauma between 8 and 25 m; some individuals reach 30 m. minor (Magnoliaceae), Miconia baracoensis, Lyonia Forest structure is mostly continuous, without defined glandulosa var. toensis (Ericaceae), Ilex macfadyenii stratification. In some areas, there are two sublayers. The (Aquifoliaceae), a species of Coccoloba, Ditta myricoides upper layer starts about 20 m and the lower layer reaches (Euphorbiaceae), and Schizaea poeppigiana (Schizaeaceae). 8 to 10 m. The forest is rich in species. The constant and Of all the rainforests, the moss layer is most developed in most abundant species, which at the same time define the this rainforest, where it varies between 20 to 80% (on arboreal physiognomy, are Bonnetia cubensis, Sideroxylon exception less). Sphagnum meridense (Sphagnaceae) is the jubilla, Cyrilla nipensis, Clusia tetrastigma, Podocarpus predominate species and it forms patches that look like a ekmanii, and Byrsonima biflora. Two additional species carpet (over leaf litter), sometimes there are patches of are also constant: Tabebuia dubia and Pera ekmanii Sphagnum macrophyllum and S. perichaetiale, (Euphorbiaceae). Frequent species include Calycogonium Leucobrium giganteum (Leucobryaceae), and grisebachii and Myrsine coriacea (Myrsinaceae); less Bryohumbertia filifolia (Dicranaceae). frequent species are Hieronyma nipensis, Matayba 164 species include Pera ekmanii, Tabebuia dubia, Bactris This community is relatively poor in lianas. domingensis, Bactris cubensis, Miconia dodecandra The only constant and abundant species is Odontosoria (Melastomataceae), and Ocotea spathulata (Lauraceae). scandens, as well as two other constant species, Vanilla RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 bicolor (locally abundant) and Marcgravia evenia. Syzygium jambos, a species of Eugenia (Myrtaceae), The only frequent species present is Schradera Picramnia pentandra (Picramniaceae), Miconia prasina, cephalophora (Rubiaceae), and the only less frequent Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae), and Chrysophyllum species is Vanilla palmarum. Occasionally Ipomoea argenteum (Sapotaceae). In the shrub layer, most of the carolina, Philodendron consanguineum, and a species species are arboreal and the constants are the same as of Peperomia are found. previously mentioned Eugenia, Picramnia pentandra, Epiphytes and hemiparasites are also Miconia prasina, and Clidemia hirta. In the herbaceous species-poor. The only constant and abundant species layer, in addition to those already named, constants is Guzmania monostachya, and the only constant include Beilschmiedia pendula, Pharus latifolius, a species is Epidendrum nocturnum (Orchidaceae). different Pharus species, Oplismenus hirtellus, Adiantum Less frequent species are Hillia parasitica (Rubiaceae), trapeziforme (Pteridaceae), Blechnum occidentale, and Aechmea nudicaulis (Bromeliaceae), and Dendrophthora Campyloneurum phyllitidis (Polypodiaceae). tetrastachya (Viscaceae). Occasional species include The only constant liana is Serjania diversifolia Dichaea hystricina (Orchidaceae), and a Loranthaceae (Sapindaceae). The frequent species are Tournefortia parasitizing Podocarpus ekmanii. hirsutissima (Boraginaceae), Cissampelos pareira (Menispermaceae), Smilax lanceolata, and Pisonia Evergreen forest (bosque siempreverde) aculeata (Nyctaginaceae). Occasionally observed species The majority of the trees in the evergreen forest keep include Gouania lupuloides (Rhamnaceae), Triopteris their leaves during the less rainy period of the year. rigida (Malpighiaceae), Entada gigas (Mimosoideae, Fabaceae), Chiococca cubensis (Rubiaceae), Vitis “Calciphobic” microphyll evergreen forest tiliifolia (Vitaceae), Smilax havanensis, Turbina (bosque siempreverde micrófilo calcifobo) corymbosa (Convolvulaceae), Hippocratea volubilis This forest type grows on ophiolites and is frequently (Hippocrataceae), and Cissus verticillata. associated with charrascals. It is relatively extensive Epiphytism in this phytocenosis (vegetation around Mina Mercedita. On occasion, Pinus cubensis type) is poor. Only Campyloneurum phyllitidis and a forms part of this evergreen forest, bringing a species of Tillandsia are constants, while Philodendron unique aspect. lacerum, and Tillandsia fasciculata are frequent. In Submontane mesophyll evergreen forest (bosque siempreverde mesófilo submontano) addition, Hohenbergia penduliflora and Guzmania monostachya (Bromeliaceae) are occasional. This forest type is seen mostly around Piedra la Vela, Gallery forest (bosque de galería) on the northern slope of Loma del Mulo. Its arboreal The gallery forest is found along the rivers and is layer is regular, fluctuating in height between 15 to 20 m, subject to their direct influence. Its composition varies with some emergents that can reach 25 m. Constant in different zones, as does its physiognomy. Along the species include Guarea guidonia, Cupania americana, Toa River, Syzygium jambos (pomarrosa, an introduced Zanthoxylum martinicense, Roystonea regia species) dominates, while along the Jiguaní River, (Arecaceae), Ocotea leucoxylon, O. floribunda, Bucida buceras (Combretaceae) dominates. Cinnamomum elongatum, Beilschmiedia pendula (Lauraceae), Alchornea latifolia, Cecropia schreberiana, Sea-grape woodland (uveral ) Trophis racemosa, Dendropanax arboreus, Chionanthus The sea-grape woodland is a belt of vegetation, domingensis, Inga laurina (Mimosoideae, Fabaceae), predominantly Coccoloba uvifera (Polygonaceae), Calyptronoma plumeriana, Gerascanthus sulcatus, along parts of the Park’s coast. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 165 Mangroves (manglar) is Myrsine coriacea. Ilex macfadyenii is frequent, Mangroves are found in swampy soils influenced by the and sometimes abundant. Less frequent species include sea. In the Park, this vegetation type is unique since it is Neobracea valenzuelana, Cyrilla nipensis, Bactris only made up of Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae); cubensis, and Lyonia macrophylla (Ericaceae). occasionally, Avicennia germinans (Avicenniaceae), and Occasionally present are Tabebuia dubia, Schefflera Laguncularia racemosa and Conocarpus erecta morototoni, Clusia tetrastigma, C. rosea, Ouratea (Combretaceae) are found. Its largest extension is found striata, Jacaranda arborea, Guettarda monocarpa, where the Jiguaní River flows into Bahía de Taco. Suberanthus stellatus (Rubiaceae), Lyonia glandulosa var. toensis, Alvaradoa arborescens (Picramniaceae), Semideciduous forest (bosque semideciduo) Semideciduous forests are those in which more than and Myrica cerifera (Myricaceae). The shrub layer covers between 40 and 30% of the tree species lose their leaves in the dry 90% of the surface. Constant and abundant species season. Only small, relic semideciduous forests include Lyonia macrophylla, Ossaea pauciflora are found along the limestone coasts between Nibujón (Melastomataceae), Ilex macfadyenii, and Cyathea and Bahía de Taco. parvula; additional constants are Bactris cubensis Pinus cubenis pine groves (pinares de Pinus cubensis) The herbaceous layer covers between 80 and 100% of the These pine groves are found in northeastern Cuba surface, and at times less (rarely). Constant and abundant and make up a paraclimax (sensu Tüxen 1937) in a species in the herbaceous layer are Clidemia capituliflora (sometimes abundant), and Neobracea valenzuelana. zone that is climatically broad leaf. The Ferríticos (Melastomataceae), Baccharis scoparioides, Vernonia Rojos Oscuros and Fersialíticos Pardos Rojizos pineticola, Koanophyllon polystictum (Asteraceae), Lyonia (ferromagnesian) soils originate from ultramaphic rocks, macrophylla, Ichnanthus mayarensis (Poaceae), and which are very poor and acidic. In the first pine grove Pteridium aquilinum var. caudatum (Dennstaedtiaceae). type, more extensive and productive pines grow; in the Additional constants include Clusia rosea, Bactris second type, there is an ecomorph with a different cubensis, Clerodendrum nipense (Verbenaceae), Vernonia phenotype from the norm. Within the Park, there is a hieracioides (Asteraceae), and Cyathea parvula (at times considerable diversity of communities, whose floristic abundant). Regarding the lianas, the constant species are composition varies depending on ecologic conditions Stigmaphyllon sagraeanum (Malpighiaceae), Rajania and geographic isolation. ovata (Dioscoreaceae), Galactia revoluta (Faboideae, Fabaceae), and Odontosoria aculeata. Piedra La Vela and surroundings 166 A different kind of pine grove is found in In the southern part of the Park, generally well- shallow to medium-deep Dark Red Ferritic soils, which distributed rainfall accumulates between 1,700 mm to have rocks on the surface and stones in the profile, 2,000 mm per year. The most productive pine groves because they are drier. The arboreal layer has between are found growing in the deepest and most humid 50 and 90% coverage, on exception less, and its height (frescos) Ferríticos Rojo Oscuros soils. The arboreal is from 10 to 20 m. The dominant species is Pinus layer reaches 7 to 25 m in height and its coverage is cubensis, and sometimes Cyrilla nipensis, Lyonia between 50 to 90% (usually between 70 and 80%). macrophylla, Ouratea striata are found in this layer, Occasionally, there are two sublayers that cover 20 to rarely others. There can be two sublayers present. The 60%: the superior pine that reaches 12 to 25 m, and the upper layer is of Pinus cubensis and it reaches between second that reaches between 5 and 15 m. In addition to 15 and 20 m. The second layer has between 8 and 12 m the pine, the other only constant and abundant species and is made up of the previously mentioned species: RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Myrsine coriacea, Ilex macfadyenii, and other species Frequent species are Acrosynanthus trachyphyllus (at less frequently. The shrub layer covers between 40 and times abundant, Rubiaceae), Callicarpa wrightii (at 80%, on exception less, and the constant and abundant times abundant), Spirotecoma apiculata (Bignoniaceae), species are Schmidtottia shaferi (Rubiaceae) and Mosiera (Myrtus) ophyticola (Myrtaceae), a species of Cyrilla nipensis. Other constants include Mettenia Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae), Garcinia revoluta, Clusia oblongata, Ossaea pauciflora, and Ilex macfadyenii. tetrastigma, Guapira rufescens, and Ariadne shaferi The herbaceous layer has between 80 and 100% (Rubiaceae). The herbaceous layer covers between 70 coverage, or less when the shrub layer is very dense. and 100%, at times less, and it is the richest in species. This layer is very rich in species; constant and abundant Constant and abundant species are Scaevola wrightii, species observed include Schmidtottia shaferi, Scaevola Gundlachia apiculata, Rhynchospora pusilla, and wrightii (Goodeniaceae), Baccharis scoparioides, Anemia coriacea (Schizaeaceae). Additional constants Koanophyllon polystictum, Ichnanthus mayarensis, are Casearia aquifolia, Koanophyllon polystictum, Rhynchospora pusilla (Cyperaceae), and Pteridium Phyllanthus mirificus (Euphorbiaceae), Chamaecrista aquilinum var. caudatum. Constant species include linneata var. linneata, Malpighia martiana, Psychotria Vaccinium cubense (at times also abundant, Ericaceae), revoluta, and Scleria havanensis (Cyperaceae). Clerodendrum nipense, Lyonia macrophylla, Psychotria revoluta, Ossaea pauciflora, Vernonia The central part of the Park pineticola, Miconia baracoensis, Casearia aquifolia On the southeastern slope of the Alto de Calinga (Flacourtiaceae), and Ilex macfadyenii. Frequent species mesoblock (Hernández et al. 1990), known as include Pinus cubensis (as saplings), Ouratea striata, “El Toldo,” and close to the place called Mina Myrsine coriacea, Linodendron aronifolium Mercedita, there is a pine grove that owes its existence (Thymelaeaceae), Suberanthus stellatus, Neobracea to the occurrence of intense fires in the zone. It could valenzuelana, Chamaecrista lineata var. lineata be considered a successional stage to a submontane (Caesalpinoideae, Fabaceae), Gundlanchia apiculata rainforest over ophiolites. Soils are Ferríticos Rojo (sometimes abundant, Asteraceae), Malpighia martiana Oscuros, generally very deep. Slopes are abrupt, with (Malpighiaceae), and Cyathea parvula. gradients between 20 and 40%, less on exception. This territory is found on the western extreme of the Between Piedra La Vela and Loma del Mulo Cuba’s rainiest zone. There is approximately 3,000 mm This pine grove grows in the same area as the previously of rainfall, regularly distributed, per year. describe pine grove but on rocky, shallow soils. It The arboreal layer has particular structural occupies a rocky and ragged microrelief. From an characteristics; there are two well-defined sublayers. ecological point of view, this is the most extreme of The upper layer of Pinus cubensis has a height of 15 to the pine grove communities, and it is a transition 25 m, occasionally reaching 30 to 35 m and its coverage community to the charrascales. The arboreal layer is is between 40 and 70%. The lower sublayer, whose composed of Pinus cubensis that reach between 6 and coverage varies between 60 and 100%, has a height 14 m (on exception more); coverage varies between 10 of 10 to 15 m. Constant and abundant species are and 60%, usually between 10 and 20%. The understory Jacaranda arborea, Acrosynanthus trachyphyllus, and is well developed, covering between 50 and 70%, Guettarda monocarpa; two other constants are Ilex occasionally less. Constant and abundant species include macfadyenii and Neobracea valenzuelana (at times Neobracea valenzuelana, and Guettarda ferruginea abundant). Frequent species observed are Byrsonima (Rubiaceae). Other constant species include saplings of biflora and Bactris cubensis. Four species are less Pinus cubensis, Ouratea striata, and Jacaranda arborea. frequent: Hieronyma nipensis, Erythroxylum longipes CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 167 (Erythroxylaceae), Cyrilla nipensis, and utile, Erythroxylum rotundifolium (Erythroxylaceae), Tabernaemontana amblyocarpa. The shrub layer covers and Linodendron aronifolium. The shrub layer is well between 40 and 70%, occasionally less; of its species, developed, and generally covers between 70 and 90%. only Acrosynanthus trachyphyllus and Cyathea parvula The constant and locally most abundant species are constant and abundant. The herbaceous layer has a include Metopium venosum, Neobracea valenzuelana, coverage that varies between 30 and 60%. Constant Jacaranda arborea, Ossaea pauciflora, Lyonia species include Jacaranda arborea, Ilex macfadyenii, macrophylla, Cyrilla nipensis, and Dracaena cubensis Neobracea valenzuelana, Vernonia pineticola, (Agavaceae or Dracaenaceae). Frequent species are Grisebachianthus nipensis (Asteraceae), Spathelia Ouratea striata, Suberanthus stellatus, Miconia pinetorum, Miconia baracoensis, Clerodendrum nipense, baracoensis, Guettarda monocarpa, Ilex macfadyenii, Machaerina cubensis (Cyperaceae), Cyathea parvula Coccothrinax orientalis, and Callicarpa oblanceolata (abundante), and Pteridium aquilinum var. caudatum. (Verbenaceae). Less frequent are Mosiera ophyticola, Schmidtottia shaferi, Mettenia oblongata, Plumeria The northern part of the Park clusioides, Protium fragans, and Guettarda calyptrata Between the Jiguaní and Nibujón Rivers there are (Rubiaceae). The herbaceous layer is composed of tree somewhat different pine groves. Rainfall is approximately saplings, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. Generally, this 2,000 mm per year. The soil is Ferrítico Rojo Oscuro, layer is well developed and covers between 90 and deep to shallow, at times with rocks on the surface. One 100%. This high coverage is due mostly to the constant particular characteristic of this pine grove is the presence and abundant species, including Ichnanthus mayarensis, of a well-defined root mat. The L humus layer is 4 to Rhynchospora tenuis, and Anemia coriacea; additional 11 cm thick and is mostly pine needles, and the F layer constant species are Miconia baracoensis, Metopium fluctuates between 1 and 4.5 cm. The root mat is well venosum, Ossaea pauciflora, Lyonia macrophylla, developed and its thickness varies between 5 and 12 cm. Dracaena cubensis (abundant), Ouratea striata, The rootlets, and sometimes the roots, are embedded in Coccothrinax orientalis, Casearia aquifolia, Protium a humus matrix. We consider that this ecosystem has fragans, Koanophyllon polystictum, and Bletia purpurea dual functions: while the pines (with their deep roots) (Orchidaceae). Frequent species are Jacaranda arborea, exploit different soil horizons, the other trees and shrubs Cyrilla nipensis, Neobracea valenzuelana, Suberanthus develop another nutritional strategy. Their roots are stellatus, Psychotria revoluta, and Pteridium aquilinum superficial, completing the nutrient cycle mostly in the var. caudatum, among others. root mat. The arboreal layer reaches between 7 and 25 m in height and its coverage is from 70 to 90%. Scrub vegetation (matorrales) Generally there are two sub-layers. The upper layer is of Shrubs define the physiognomy in scrub vegetation Pinus cubensis reaching between 18 and 25 m, covering types. In this zone, scrub vegetation is a result of soil 60 to 70% of the surface. The lower level fluctuates conditions and is categorized into two large groups: between 7 and 15 m, and covers from 40 to 60% charrascals and diverse scrub. (occasionally 70%). In this last sub-layer, constant and 168 Charrascal is a type of scrub that occurs abundant species include Jacaranda arborea, Cyrilla on the ophiolites of northeastern Cuba. The soils are nipensis, and Ouratea striata; additional constants include very shallow, and there is hardly any soil between Lyonia macrophylla, Metopium venosum stones. Rainfall in charrascals varies between 2,000 (Anacardiaceae), Spirotecoma apiculata, and Mettenia and 3,000 mm. Generally, plant species are microphylls oblongata. Frequent species include Neobracea to leptophylls, sclerophylls, and spiny plants are valenzuelana, Protium fragans (Burseraceae), Calophyllum not abundant. RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Lowland charrascal Panfet et al. (1987) also found Cassia (charrascales de baja altitud, típicos) (Chamaecrista) bucherae (Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae), Lowland charrascals are found from sea level to 500 m Clusia rosea, Jacaranda arborea, Manilkara jaimiqui in altitude and there is no root mat. In some areas, their subsp. jaimiqui (Sapotaceae), Piriqueta (Adenoa) aspect changes due to the presence of Pinus cubensis cubensis (Turneraceae), Buxus revoluta (Buxaceae), (which are stocky in stature), thereby becoming lowland Byrsonima biflora, Cameraria obovalis (Apocynaceae), charrascal with pines. Within the Park, the largest Moacroton leonis, Pera polylepis (Euphorbiaceae), extension is found in Yamanigüey. Heliotropium humifusum (Boraginaceae), Ipomoea This charrascal does not have developed soil, carolina, and Marsdenia linearis (Asclepiadaceae). rather a rock and stone substrate. At times a Fersialítico This charrascal has a 70% rate of species endemism, Pardo Rojizo (ferromagnesian) soil is present, 20 to 30 of mostly eastern Cuban and local endemics. Local cm deep, with abundant roots. Generally, a shrub layer from 2.2 to 3.0 m in endemics include Cassia (Chamaecrista) bucherae, Buxus revoluta, Jacquinia moana (Theophrastaceae), height dominates; occasionally along creeks, it can reach Moacroton leonis, and Myrtus (Mosiera) ophiticola 5.0 m. The most abundant species are Thrinax rivularis (Myrtaceae). var. savannarum (Arecaceae), Coccoloba nipensis (Polygonaceae), Hypericum styphelioides, Dracaena Cloud charrascals (charrascales nublados) cubensis, the fern Anemia nipensis, Scaevola wrightii, This vegetation type is found at altitudes greater Ariadne shaferi, Spirotecoma apiculata, a species of than 900 m, in the highest portion of the Park, called Gesneria (Gesneriaceae), Phyllanthus, and Rhynchospora; “El Toldo.” They function differently than lowland local abundants include Metopium venosum, Cassytha charrascals since they possess a very well-developed root filiformis (Lauraceae), and two species of Purdiaea. mat. For this description, we present what is available In some ecologically extreme places, there from two previous studies, Capote et al. (1997) and is a dense herbaceous layer that can reach about 80 cm Viña et al. (1998b). Cloud charrascal is an open scrub in height; the most abundant species are Hypericum of sclerophyll shrubs that can reach 2 m in height, with styphelioides, Gochnatia crassifolia (Asteraceae), and microphyll and nanophyll elements. Notable species a species of Rondeletia (Rubiaceae). A shrub layer is include Euphorbia helenae (Euphorbiaceae), Guettarda also found here that covers 20% and is dominated by ferruginea, Schmidtottia sessilifolia, and S. monticola Coccoloba nipensis. In very wind-blown areas, the (Rubiaceae), Scaevola wrightii, Linodendron shrub and herbaceous layers do not surpass 180 cm aronifolium, Oplonia cubensis (Acanthaceae), and a and 30 cm respectively. In areas prone to flooding because of the species of Coccoloba. Some emergents can reach 5 or 6 m, including Pinus cubensis in its typical form, construction of the adjacent highway, communities Pinus cubensis in its ecomorph (with harder and of Typha domingensis (Typhaceae), with species of more bunched needles), and Jacaranda arborea. The Eleocharis and Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae) form; herbaceous layer is sparse; species include Paepalanthus occasionally, a species of Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) brittoni (Eriocaulaceae), Machaerina cubensis is also present. (Cyperaceae), a species of Rhynchospora, terrestrial Where the charrascal comes in contact with orchids like Bletia purpurea and Spiranthes torta, and a the Yamanigüey River, gallery forest does not form. The number of individuals of Baccharis scoparioides. There floristic composition and structure of the charrascal stay are few lianas; examples include Vanilla dilloniana and the same, except that plant size changes and shrubs can V. bicolor (Orchidaceae). There is also secondary reach 8 to 10 m. vegetation in this zone, which is a product of fires. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 169 Scrub associated with mangrove herbaceous layer can reach 40 cm, with large patches (matorral asociado a manglar) of Ichnanthus nemorosus (Poaceae), and other, scattered This vegetation type is found on the periphery of species, principally Psychotria revoluta, Hypericum some mangroves. Species such as Dalbergia ecastophyllum nitidum (Hypericaceae), and Axonopus compressus (Faboideae, Fabaceae) and Chrysobalanus icaco (Poaceae). Generally, there is a moss layer, at times very (Chrysobalanaceae) are generally present. dense, with Sphagnum meridense. Rankin et al. (1987) previously studied the main lagoon’s vegetation. Gallery scrub (matorral de galería) There is a distinctive community in the area directly Vegetation complexes (complejos de vegetación) influenced by flooding rivers and streams in the central In this region, vegetation complexes of dissimilar portion of the Park. We studied the gallery scrub conditions can be found. Costal vegetation complexes formation between La Melba and the Los Lirios River. vary according to soil type. The sandy coastal complex It grows on metamorphic complex rocks in the rainiest is found on sandy beaches, while rocky coastal part of Cuba. Generally, there is only one layer, the complexes are found in “dogtooth rock” zones, herbaceous layer, with two sublayers. The most important influenced by splashing waves. Observed species include one is the lower layer, which reaches 10 to 15 cm in Sesuvium portulacastrum (Aizoaceae), a species of height and covers between 60 to 90%. The principal Paspalum (Poaceae), Dalbergia brownei (Fabaceae), species in this layer are Pilea cubensis (Urticaceae), and Conocarpus erecta. several species of Thelypteris, Selaginela undata and S. heterodonta (Selaginellaceae), and other herbaceous Grasslands (herbazales) plants and mosses that cling, sometimes cover, rocks These herbaceous communities result from edatope (soil and stones. The upper sublayer generally has dispersed nutrient-moisture) combinations, or human disturbance. small shrubs that sometimes reach 150 cm. Main species include Exostema longiflorum and Rondeletia bracteosa Wetland grasslands (herbazal de humedal) (Rubiaceae), and one species of Piper. In areas with This vegetation type is found in areas where the stronger flooding, and on ophiolithic complex rocks, water depth permits rooting and development of certain Brya subinermis (Faboideae, Fabaceae) dominates the plants. It grows on small keys, surrounding mangroves. upper sublayer. Dominant species include Typha domingensis, Eleocharis interstincta (Cyperaceae), and Acrostichum Submontane scrub on poorly drained soils aureum (Pteridaceae). (matorral submontano sobre suelos de mal drenaje) This vegetation type is found at the bottom of dry, small lagoons (which sometimes still hold water) that These are found along some riverbanks, mostly are components of Mote Iberia’s lagoon complex. where gallery forest has been destroyed. Along the Their substratum is made up of a hardpan of iron Toa and Jaguaní Rivers, colonies of Gynerium particles and loose round iron stones. In the banks, sagittatum (Poaceae) are common, and in other places Ferrítico Amarillento soil is found, covered on the Cyperus alternifolius (Cyperaceae) is common. surface by exposed hardpan. This scrub formation has a dense shrub layer (especially on the lagoon floors), reaching 2 to 4 m, with emergents of 5 to 6 m. It is clearly xeromorphic, composed of Eugenia crenulata (Myrtaceae). The 170 Gallery grasslands (herbazal de galería) RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Halophyte grasslands (herbazal halófito) These grasslands grow in small areas, close to mangroves, where salinity has impeded mangrove development. Batis maritima (Bataceae) is the main species. Cultural vegetation (vegetación cultural) gallery forest, Pinus cubensis groves, lowland charrascals, Direct anthropogenic action and continued human cloud charrascals, gallery grasslands, cultural vegetation, intervention have created the Park’s cultural vegetation. and secondary vegetation. Mostly, this vegetation type includes single-species croplands and mixed smallholdings. The most extensive La Melba Sector types are pastures (with trees, and / or shrubs and /or Vegetation types in this sector are: lowland palms), located near the confluence of the Naranjo and rainforest on metamorphic complex, lowland rainforest, Toa Rivers; crops in Cayo Verraco; and the coconut submontane rainforest over ophiolites (sclerophyll groves (Cocales) in the north. There are also smallholdings rainforest), submontane rainforest on poorly drained in other parts of the Park. In the past, there were also soils, “calciphobic” microphyll evergreen forests, gallery mixed and pure broadleaf plantations and Pinus forests, Pinus cubensis groves, lowland charrascals, cubensis plantations. cloud charrascals, gallery scrub, gallery grassland, cultural vegetation, and secondary vegetation. Secondary vegetation (vegetación secundaria) After primary vegetation is destroyed, natural succession Baracoa Sector leads to establishment of secondary vegetation. Given Vegetation types found in this sector include: the large quantity and diversity of areas found in some lowland rainforest on metamorphic complex, stage of succession, it is preferable to use terms such as submontane rainforest on metamorphic complex, “secondary forests, scrub formations, and grasslands in lowland rainforest, submontane rainforest on ophiolites evergreen forests ecotopes” (or, in rainforest ecotopes, (sclerophyll rainforest), submontane rainforest on pine groves, etc.). Nonetheless, some typical secondary poorly drained soils, “calciphobic” microphyll evergreen vegetation stages occurring in small areas, like forest, gallery forest, sea-grape woodlands, mangroves, “helechales” (dominated by Nephrolepis ferns), and semideciduous forest, Pinus cubensis groves, lowland “herbazales arborescentes” (dominated by Cyathea charrascals, scrub associated with mangroves, gallery arborea tree ferns), should be identified separately in scrub, submontane scrub on poorly drained soils, sandy the vegetation classification. coastal complex, rocky coastal complex, wetland grassland, gallery grassland, halophyte grassland, VEGETATION BY SECTOR Cupeyal del Norte Sector cultural vegetation, and secondary vegetation. PRINCIPAL THREATS Vegetation types in this sector are: lowland rainforest and submontane rainforest on ophiolites (sclerophyll ■ rainforest on poorly drained soils. rainforest), “calciphobic” microphyll evergreen forest, submontane mesophyll evergreen forest, gallery forest, ■ Pinus cubensis pine groves, lowland charrascals, gallery scrub, wetland grasslands, cultural vegetation, and Vegetation alteration in El Toldo because of fire and mining activities (for taking samples). ■ secondary vegetation. Extensive agricultural areas in Santa María-Nibujón, Cayo Berraco, and the lower part of Naranjo River Basin, which destroy autochthonous vegetation. Ojito de Agua Sector In this sector, we identified the following vegetation types: Logging north of La Melba, altering submontane ■ Machete clearing of the understory and herbaceous lowland rainforest, submontane rainforest on ophiolites layers in the pine groves between Macaguanigua and (sclerophyll rainforest), “calciphobic” microphyll Nibujón Rivers, which has produced severe evergreen forest, submontane mesophyll evergreen forest, alterations in these layers’ floristic composition. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 171 ■ ■ Plantations of Pinus cubensis and broadleaf species ■ using seeds of unknown origin, which can alter the to learn more about this climate and its relation with genetic bank of some of the Park’s native species. biodiversity. Exotic species (noncultivated) in some areas, which ■ differences between these and the sclerophyll rainforest. Local people unaware of the Park’s biodiversity values. ■ Protection and management Additional inventories Emphasize conservation of lowland rainforest ■ on metamorphic rocks and submontane rainforest on and Los Lirios Rivers, and Farallones de Moa. area is within the Park. ■ Maintain strict vigilance of the Monte Iberia lakes, ■ Erradicate or reduce exotic plant populations in the Park and improve and increase eradication methods. ■ ■ Continue biodiversity studies and mapping. Prioritize pine grove, rainforest, and charrascal communities. since their communities are unique; access should be restricted to researchers investigating them. Biodiversity studies should be conducted in the following zones: Sierra Azul, the area between Naranjo poorly drained soils, since their entire distribution ■ Research the causes of the extensive, single-species (Rhizophora mangle) mangrove stands. RECOMMENDATIONS ■ Research the differences between the communities of the different Pinus cubensis ecotypes, as well as soil could eventually replace native vegetation. ■ Carry out meso- and microclimatic studies in order ■ Prioritize the following areas for floristic and vegetation studies: south of La Melba; basins of the Los Lirios, Jiguaní, and Naranjo Rivers; Sierra Azul; the ophiolites between Santa María and the Altiplanicie de Monte In management plans, prioritize the Baracoa Sector Iberia; Cupeyal del Norte’s rainforests and charrascals; because it has the highest diversity of habitat and the the Park’s extreme western portion; Farallones de Moa; greatest number and area of local endemic communities. and El Toldo’s southern slope (the entire high plateau Intensify environmental education efforts, for bryophytes and pteridophytes). focusing on the distinct aspects of nature conservation and biodiversity. LIVERWORTS Research ■ Author: Kesia Mustelier Martínez Research methods that can be used to restore altered lowland rainforests on metamorphic rocks. ■ Study the areas in El Toldo affected by fire and mining Conservation targets: The 8 endemic liverworts, of which 3 are also threatened, and the 10 threatened, non-endemic, native species activities in order to define restoration options. ■ ■ Conduct studies of submontane rainforests on poorly drained soils affected by logging (in the upper part of The liverworts and hornworts are distributed Jiguaní River, north of La Melba), in order to develop throughout the Cuban archipelago. The Eastern Region restoration strategies. is the richest in species and harbors the most endemics. Study Pinus cubensis communities in successional In addition, this area is a center of convergence of areas, plantations, and areas affected by cleared shrub layers to resolve questions needed in order to proceed with restoration. 172 INTRODUCTION RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S external migration routes and the starting point for most of the internal migration routes. This has been shown by biodiversity studies of the mountainous massifs in eastern Cuba, which have identified the Sagua-Baracoa I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Region as a very important contributer because 23 species, is also well represented in the Park, 361 liverworts and hornworts are found here, which is followed by the Plagiochilaceae and Lepidoziaceae, 74% of all of Cuba’s liverwort flora (Mustelier 2001). with 18 species each. Important specialists have visited Alejandro There are eight endemic species in the Park: de Humboldt National Park to collect liverwort samples, Aphanolejeunea evansii, Diplasiolejeunea pocsii, Nowellia including A. Borhidi, O. Muñiz, and S. Vázquez wrightii, Radula cubensis, R. longiloba, R. pocsii, (1970-1979), T. Pócs (in 1980), and D. Reyes R. tenuis, and Riccardia reyesiana. These represent 35% (1970-1982). In 1967-1968, the first Cuban-German of all of the Cuban endemic liverworts and 64% of the expedition was conducted in memory of Alejandro de endemic liverworts in Sagua-Baracoa Subregion. Humboldt and they reported 50 species of liverworts These plants grow best in rainforests, gallery and 1 hornwort for Cupeyal del Norte Sector (Schubert forests, and evergreen forests. Thirty-five species grow, 1978). From 1983 on, bryologists from the Centro in Cuba, only within the Park. The most abundant Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad have visited include (1) epiphytic species Cyclolejeunea convexistipa, various locations in the region and have collected many Drepanolejeunea mosenii, Diplasiolejeunea brunnea, samples from the Park’s humid and mountainous Leptolejeunea elliptica; (2) species growing on tree forests, where these species represent an important part trunks, including Lejeunea laetevirens, Neurolejeunea of the epiphytes and the flora covering rocks along breutelii, and Pycnolejeunea schwaneckei; (3) species creeks and streams. growing on fallen, decomposing trunks — Bazzania, Anomoclada portorricense, and Micropterigium METHODS I conducted a literature review and reviewed the Bryology Section at the Herbarium of Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BSC), which has 950 samples of these plants collected from Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. RESULTS trachiphyllum; and (4) species growing over the soil including Symphyogyna brogniarti and the Riccardia species. These last two, plus Mastigolejeunea auriculata, are also found covering rocks. Applying the criteria published in Hallingbäck et al. (1996), there are 13 threatened species in the Park: 1 considered Critically Endangered (Pictolejeunea picta); 10 categorized as Endangered (Alobiellopsis dominicensis, Dactylolejeunea acanthifolia, Kymatocalyx dominicensis, The Park’s list includes 235 species, of which 234 are Neurolejeunea catenulata, Nowellia wrightii, liverworts, belonging to 72 genera and 19 families of the Physantolejeunea portoricensis, Radula elliottii, 4 orders present in Cuba (Marchantiales, Monocleales, R. pagani, Syzygiella macrocalyx, and Thysananthus Metzgeriales, Jungermanniales), plus 1 hornwort amazonicus); and 2 listed as Vulnerable (Diplasiolejeunea (Notothylas breutelii) of the Notothyladaceae family (Appendix 1). This figure represents a significant percentage of all of liverworts and hornworts reported for the country and for the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion. The most diverse and abundant family is Lejeuneaceae, with 56% of the samples collected in the Park and 34% of the species present. In addition, they represent 94% of those reported for the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion, which is 12 times larger than Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. The Radulaceae family, with pocsii and Radula pocsii). According to their distribution in Park sectors (Appendix 1), La Melba has more liverwort diversity and more endemic species. Sectors Cupeyal del Norte and Baracoa follow La Melba in diversity and number of endemic species. Ojito de Agua presents the lowest species richness, although this is probably because collecting has been less intense in this sector; it is likely that the number of species reported for this zone could increase considerably with additional collections. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 173 THREATS INTRODUCTION Forest destruction is the biggest threat to the Park’s Alejandro de Humboldt National Park includes the liverworts and hornworts. As a result of human Alturas de Moa (Moa Highlands), which is a geographic demographic growth and the subsequent increase in area within the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion (Núñez et al. natural resource use, forest coverage has been reduced. 1989). The Alturas de Moa is home to 45.6% of all of Not only are timber species affected by deforestation, this subregion’s mosses, and the highest number of moss but also different, associated groups whose ecological endemics can be found here. connections and identities are often unknown. This is All sectors within the Park present optimal the case for the majority of liverwort species, which live ecological conditions for high moss diversity: rainfall, only in the understory or grow on certain plant species high relative humidity, and cenotic (phytosociological) in these forested ecosystems. They need microhabitats of relationships in different vegetation types. Moss a certain age, and specific pH, shade, and humidity distribution is greater in the following vegetation types requirements, to grow and reproduce. present in the Park: submontane rainforests on ophiolites, followed by lowland rainforests on RECOMMENDATIONS metamorphic rock, and then by submontane rainforest Protection and management on poorly drained soils. Protect remaining forests, especially rainforests, evergreen forests, and gallery forests. This protection must be strict enough to guarantee minimal anthropogenic disturbance. Studies conducted in other parts of the world indicate that both quantity and variety of liverworts diminish significantly in disturbed environments, and it is very likely that many of these species can only survive in primary forests (Richards 1984). Prior to this study, several published papers by Thériot (1939, 1940, 1941), Schubert (1978), and Duarte (1997) cited certain species for specific locations within the Park. The León brothers, Clemente and Roca, conducted the first moss collections in the study area during the first half of the nineteenth century. In the 1970s, A. Borhidi, O. Muñiz, and S. Vázquez conducted more intensive studies. T. Pócs and D. Reyes conducted additional significant collections during their 1980s expeditions. At the beginning of the Additional inventories Additional collections are needed in all areas of the Park with conditions favoring bryophyte growth, especially in Ojito de Agua Sector, which has not been well studied. 1990s, moss studies intensified once again in an effort to inventory and characterize natural reserves in this part of Cuba; A. Motito, M. E. Potrony, K. Mustelier, and A. Vicario realized important collections at that time. In total, 30 specialists have collected moss samples from this Park. Most moss collections took place in Cupeyal MOSSES del Norte, Jaguaní, and La Melba. Authors: Ángel Motito Marín and María Elena Potrony Hechavarría Conservation targets: One threatened, eastern Cuban endemic moss species (Fissidens duryae) and nine other threatened species (Brymela fissidentoides, Campylopus arctocarpus var. arctocarpus, Fissidens densiretis, Fissidens pellucidus, Leskeodon andicola, Leucophanes molleri, Macromitrium leprieurii, Sphagnum macrophyllum, and Sphagnum portoricense) 174 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 METHODS We made collections along roadsides, roadbanks, creeks, and within the forest, keeping the moss group’s microhabitat preferences in mind. This process was fast and simple, following conventional methods. All material collected is deposited in BSC’s Bryology Section. We followed the taxonomic order published in Gradstein et al. (2001) and updates in Buck (1998) for pleurocarpous mosses, and Zander’s taxonomy are they oldest moss families with the easiest dispersal of spores over long distances). Best-represented genera include Fissidens (1993) for those representatives of the Pottiaceae family. (with 16 species) and Syrrhopodon (with 11), followed In identifying samples, we used keys published by by (in decreasing order) Campylopus (8), Calymperes Churchill and Linares (1995), Duarte (1997), and (7), Leucobryum (6), and Macromitrium, Sematophyllum, Gradstein et al. (2001). and Sphagnum, each of which has 5. In Appendix 2, we To determine threatened taxa, we followed indicate the sectors where each moss species was found. general considerations established in the Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for Select Cuban Distribution in the Park Plants Species (CAMP 1998) and Hallingbäck’s IUCN- After analyzing moss species distribution in the Park adapted methodology (Hallingbäck et al. 1996, 1998). (Appendix 2), we found that La Melba Sector has the most diversity (with 135 species), followed by Cupeyal RESULTS del Norte (with 79) and Ojito de Agua (with 72). Diversity and endemism Mosses are poorly represented in Baracoa Sector; there Alejandro de Humboldt National Park’s moss flora is represented by 156 infrageneric species belonging to 69 genera and 33 families. This represents 38.0% of all of the Cuban mosses and 58.8% of the mosses known for the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion. Table 1 compares the Park’s taxa to totals for the Sagua-Baracoa were only 29 species recorded here, which is due to insufficient study and less intense collecting. We recognize 16 species that are distributed in all four sectors of the Park. These are Acroporium pungens, Bryohumbertia filifolia var. filifolia, Bryum billardieri, Campylopus shawii, Hypnella pallecens, Isodrepanium lentulum, Leucobryum antillarum, Subregion and Cuba. L. crispum, L. giganteum, L. martianum, Octoblepharum albidum, Phyllogonium fulgens, Schlotheimia torquata, Table 1. Moss taxa present in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park, Sagua-Baracoa, and in Cuba. Sematophyllum subpinnatum, Syrrhopodon elongatus var. elongatus, and S. incompletus var. incompletus. Families Genera Infrageneric taxa Alejandro de Humboldt National Park 33 69 156 Sagua-Baracoa 42 124 265 Cuba 49 164 410 There are four endemic mosses: Dicranella hioramii var. hioramii, Fissidens duryae, Macromitrium subperichaetiale, and Syrrhopodon elongatus var. The families with the highest number of species in the Park include Dicranaceae (20), Calymperaceae (18), Fissidentaceae (16), Sematophyllaceae (13), and Leucobryaceae and Pilotrichaceae (each with 10). The Dicranaceae, Sematophyllaceae, Fissidentaceae, Pottiaceae, and Macromitriaceae families are well elongatus. Threatened species We examined 10 threatened infrageneric taxa: 4 are categorized as Critically Endangered and 6 are considered Endangered (Appendix 2). Each species occupies less than 10 km2 in the Park. The IUCN criteria are those adapted by Hallingbäck et al. (1996, 1998). Our analysis of the Park’s threatened species follows. represented and distributed worldwide, independent of climatic conditions (which probably explains why they CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 175 Critically Endangered Macromitrium leprieurii (Macromitriaceae): Each of these four species occupies less than 100 km2 Collected from two locations in Cuba’s Eastern Region. of area worldwide. One is Cupeyal del Norte. It can grow on rocks and Brymela fissidentoides (Pilotrichaceae): This species was collected once in 1991 on the Quiviján River banks decomposing trees in rainforests between 300 and 1,231 m; Criteria B1a, b and 2a, b. (Baracoa Sector). This zone is seriously affected by man; Sphagnum macrophyllum (Sphagnaceae): Collected only Criteria B1a, b and 2a, b. in Altos de Iberia, La Melba, and Cupeyal del Norte from Fissidens pellucidus (Fissidentaceae): This has only been collected in Cupeyal del Norte; Schubert (1978) reported this record. It has not been collected since; Criteria B1a, b and 2a, b. Leucophanes molleri (Leucophanaceae): Collected in 1997 along the Palmares River (La Melba Sector), in an area very close to human populations and agricultural plains, which affect this species’ habitat; Criteria B1a, b and 2a, b. very humid soil, and leaf litter from rainforests between 500 and 600 m. This species is found close to a busy road. Also, Alto Iberia is potentially rich in minerals that may be exploited in the future; Criteria B1a and 2a. THREATS In order to conserve the Park’s moss species, their microhabitats must be preserved. Therefore, phanerogamous flora in these ecosystems must be properly protected and managed. Sphagnum portoricense (Sphagnaceae): This species The biggest threat to the moss species is has only been collected in Alto de Iberia. It is widely habitat loss and fragmentation due to land conversion distributed in this high plateau; prospecting studies to agricultural and forestry uses, the presence of human (mining) have been conducted here; Criteria B1a and 2a. settlements, and mining interests in certain zones. These species are also vulnerable to potential threats such as Endangered droughts, flooding rivers, and forest fires, among others. Each species occupies an area between 101 and 5,000 km2 worldwide. RECOMMENDATIONS Campylopus arctocarpus var. arctocarpus (Dicranaceae): Protection and management Collected in Piedra La Vela, growing on the ground, on tree and shrub trunks, and on decomposing organic material in rainforests between 600 and 720 m altitude. It grows along the edges and walls of the road, very close to a settlement; Criteria B1a, b and 2a, b. Fissidens densiretis (Fissidentaceae): Grows on land and humid rocks along Anacleto River, between 200 and 400 m; Criteria B1a and 2a. because this vegetation type has the highest levels of species richness and harbors most of the threatened moss species. Additional inventories Bryological inventories are needed in other Park locations and should be carried out during the rainy and Fissidens duryae (Fissidentaceae): Found in Piedra La dry seasons. Future inventories should focus on finding Vela, growing on the ground, in pine groves, between species that have been collected one time only, including 500 and 600 m. It grows close to a busy road; Criteria Brymela fissidentoides, Fissidens pellucidus, and B1a, b and 2a, b. Leucophanes molleri. Leskeodon andicola (Daltoniaceae): Collected along the banks of Anacleto River, from the humid ground, between 200 and 400 m; Criteria B1a, b and 2a, b. 176 Control logging in the forests; protect rainforests RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Research ■ ■ the Fern Garden (el Jardín de los Helechos), where we Increase research on distribution, ecology, and deposited all material. Some collected plants were only phenology of threatened and endemic moss species. identified to genera and require more detailed studies. Research the taxonomy of certain groups. We took digital photographs of many species. RESULTS FERNS AND FERN RELATIVES (Pteridophyta) Pteridological diversity Alejandro de Humboldt National Park harbors rich Participants / Authors: Manuel G. Caluff and Gustavo Shelton Conservation targets: Thirty-seven species categorized or to be categorized as threatened; 38 endemic species and 3 possible endemics; tree ferns; habitats of ferns and their allies, especially gallery forests, submontane rainforests growing on poorly drained soils, lowland rainforests on metamorphic complex, and sclerophyll rainforest on serpentine pteridoflora, estimated at 650 species (Caluff et al. 1994). To date, 298 species have been registered, belonging to 72 genera and 23 families, representing 45.7% of all the ferns and allies in Cuba. Endemism There are 41 endemics and possible endemics METHODS We set up two camps, 14 km apart. The first camp was located in El 26, at an altitude of approximately 400 m, in a sclerophyll rainforest with access (via foot paths) to several creeks with gallery forests on serpentine and highland rainforest on metamorphic complex. From this camp, we visited Arroyo Anacleto (Anacleto Stream), the headwaters of Arroyo Cocalito, Las Tetas de Julia, and the old sawmill “El 26” at La Melba. The second camp was located along the Jaguaní River, in a place called “Cocalito,” at 130 m. From this camp, we walked great distances in order to reach the sclerophyll rainforest. We visited El Poal, Arroyo Los Lirios, La Aurora, Cocalito, Juan Pérez, Palmares, Facistor, and Arroyo Bueno, and we collected from the limestone outcroppings called El Peñón. In this report, we also include results from other expeditions conducted in other parts of the Park, including Cupeyal del Norte, El Toldo, Monte Iberia, and the basin of the Santa María River. In addition, we present the results of our review of the National Herbariums (HAC and HAJB). We identified species at the field camp. Those that were hard to determine or that we were unable to identify in the field were collected and later identified in the Pteridophyta Seccion of BSC’s herbarium, located in (Appendix 3). Fern endemism in this Park is 13.8%, which is one of highest in the country, especially considering that for all of Cuba endemism is estimated at 12% (Caluff et al. 1994). Of the endemics, 6 are endemic to the Park: Alsophila x fagildei, Selaginella undata, Selaginella sp. nov, Thelypteris sp. nov., Trichomanes bissei, and T. caluffii; 15 are endemic to the Moanicum Phytogeographic Sector (Macizo Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa, northeastern Cuba); 6 are endemics of eastern Cuba; 1 is endemic to eastern and central Cuba; and 3 are Pancuban endemics. There are other possible endemics being studied. Twelve of these endemic species are also threatened species. Threatened species We registered 37 threatened species, already categorized as such or candidates for this category (Sánchez and Caluff 1997) (Appendix 3). Of these, 10 are exclusive of the Park: Adiantum sp. nov., Alsophila brooksii, A. x fagildei, Asplenium delitescens, Camptodium pedatum, Grammitis furcata, Huperzia tenuicaulis, Lidsaea stricta, Odontosoria sp. nov., Thelypteris sp. nov., and Trichomanes caluffii. Naturalized species In the Park we found four naturalized, highly invasive species: Nephrolepis multiflora (present in all CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 177 anthropogenically altered places), as well as Interesting records Macrothelypteris torresiana, Thelypteris dentata, ■ Nine new species, currently being described: and Pteris tripartita (occasionally present, without Adiantum spp. (2), Grammitis sp., Odontosoria sp., the dense population formations like the first). Selaginella spp. (3), and Tectaria spp. (2) All of them, except Macrothelypteris torresiana, ■ are Asiatic species introduced to the southeastern under study United States as ornamental plants that later escaped garden confines. We assume that they reached Cuba by air currents and hurricanes. In the case of Five unknown species, possibly new to science, still ■ Three new hybrids ■ Five new records for Cuba: Danaea urbanii, Macrothelypteris torresiana, most likely it reached Grammitis furcata, G. ruglessii, G. randallii, and South America via the Polynesian archipelago and G. fluminensis later expanded northward. The scarcity of these ■ naturalized species is an indication of the level of Lomariopsis kunzeana intactness of native vegetation in the Park, since they do not proliferate in well-conserved ecosystems. Two new records for the Park: Danaea jenmanii and ■ Three very rare species, relocated: Asplenium delitescens, Camptodium pedatum, and Hecistopteris pumila Uses Regional use of the pteridoflora is poor. Reportedly, “Doradilla” (Polypodium polypodioides) is used medicinally to treat liver disease, “Calaguala” (Phlebodium aureum) is used for hypertension, and “Pasa de Negro” (Campyloneurum phillytidis) is used to soften and fortify hair. RICHNESS IN DIFFERENT VEGETATION TYPES For this territory’s pteridoflora, we consider the following three different types of gallery forest. Open gallery forest, on metamorphic complex Twenty-four species are considered to be weeds because of their ability to proliferate, especially Cyathea arborea, known as “Helecho.” Others include Nephrolepis biserrata (“Puntero”), and Cyathea parvula, and the species in the Gleicheniaceae family. All of them invade, primarily along roads and agricultural or silvicultural land. These forests develop along the large rivers that have a wide fluvial basin. They are subject to intense insolation, notable air currents, and their banks frequently flood to a depth of several meters. Along the Jaguaní River, there are signs of agricultural use from the 1970s, when mostly coffee was grown here. Pteridoflora is rich and varied in this vegetation type. A few common, very abundant species dominate Abundance Twenty species previously reported for the Park have not been collected in recent years and they were not seen during the expeditions. Of the remaining 278 species registered for the Park, 54 were collected less than 3 times, 122 were seen or collected sporadically, 70 were seen or collected frequently, and 31 are common species. There are 74 rare or very rare species, and they make up 25% of the pteridoflora. and occupy the first sandy and rocky belt (various meters wide), which is very unstable, along with grasses and some shrubs, which dominate. The most abundant pteridophytes in this belt include Cyathea arborea, Nephrolepis biserrata, N. multiflora, Selaginella plumosa, Thelypteris balbisii, T. grandis, and T. reticulata. Continuing into the second belt, along with large trees, Danaea nodosa, Bolbitis pergamentacea, Lastreopsis effusa subsp. dilatata, and Polybotrya osmundacea proliferate in the understory; very frequent epiphytes 178 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 here include Asplenium serratum, Campyloneurum wrightii, Oleandra articulata, Thelypteris lonchodes, phillytidis, Pecluma pectinata, and Polytaenium feei. T. wrightii, Trichomanes bissei, T. osmundioides, and T. rigidum. Rocks are drapped in Selaginella plagiochila, Closed gallery forest on metamorphic complex S. plumieri, S. undata, and some larger ferns, such This vegetation type, made up of large trees and numerous as Adiantopsis paupercula, Sphenomeris clavata, palms, develops along tributary streams of large rivers. Thelypteris crypta, and T. shaferi. Epiphytism is notable Sunlight is reduced by dense tree cover. These gallery here too, but the smaller-sized species predominate. forests are not subjected to strong air currents, and high This vegetation type harbors one of the highest levels water levels breach their banks by a few meters only. of pteridological endemism in Cuba. Relative humidity is very high and constant, the trees and palms are literally covered with epiphytes. This vegetation Evergreen forest type harbors the richest pteridoflora in the Park and Traditionally, this forest type has been more possesses moderate endemism. affected by human intervention because of its soil The understory is composed of a few abundant fertility. Its pteridoflora includes many common species species, predominantly Alsophila minor, Blechnum of Adiantum, Tectaria, and Thelypteris. Epiphytism occidentale, Bolbitis nicotianaeifolia, B. pergamentacea, is moderate and generally includes large-sized species Cnemidaria horrida, Cyathea aspera, Danaea nodosa, of Campyloneurum, Phlebodium, and Polypodium. D. elliptica, Olfersia alata (Fig. 5H), Polybotrya Usually, endemic species are not present except for osmundacea, Thelypteris wrightii, and T. lonchodes. a few very common ones. Species such as Asplenium delitescens, Fadyenia hookerii, Selaginella heterodonta, S. serpens, Pinus cubensis pine groves and Trichomanes membranaceum predominate along Only a few terrestrial and epiphytic species are the rocks and stream banks. Among the numerous found in this vegetation type. The most frequent epiphytes species, those from following families stand species include Anemia coriacea, A. nipeensis, Cyathea out because of their abundance: Grammitidaceae, parvula, Lycopodiella cernua, Pteridiun aquilinum var. Hymenophyllaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Vittariaceae, and caudatum, and Selaginella plumosa. The few epiphytes the genus Elaphoglossum. present do not grow on the pines, rather on Many species live only in this vegetation accompanying shrubs. Some of these epiphytes are type, as do several new species that are being described, Microgramma piloselloides, Pleopeltis astrolepis, and including Dicranoglossum furcatum, three species of Polypodium polypodioides. Elaphoglossum, Hecistopteris pumila, Huperzia tenuicaulis, Pecluma funicula, Stigmatopteris hemiptera, Lowland rainforest on metamorphic complex Tectaria trifoliata, and two species of Tectaria. Terrestrial ferns predominant in this vegetation type are Alsophila cubensis, Danaea elliptica, D. nodosa, Closed gallery forest on serpentine Diplazium unilobum, C. parvula, C. aspera, Nephrolepis The soil’s chemical characteristics determine this rivularis, Selaginella plumieri, Thelypteris lonchodes, vegetation type, which is made up of trees of medium and T. wrightii. Among the epiphytes, various species stature and many shrubs that on occasion predominate of Huperzia abound, especially H. funiformis and because of the greater levels of insolation than the H. linifolia, and various species of Elaphoglossum, previous vegetation type. like E. chartaceum and E. crinitum, as well as Pecluma The most abundant understory species include Adiantum sp., Cyathea parvula, Elaphoglossum pectinata. Polybotrya osmundacea and Lomariopsis wrightii are hemiepiphytes present in this forest type. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 179 Submontane rainforest on poorly drained soils T. kunthii. Some sporadic species living unusually close This vegetation type harbors a very specific to the coast are Microgramma lycopodioides, Pecluma pteridoflora with high levels of endemism. The most plumula, Psilotum nudum, Tectaria fimbriata, and abundant species are Cyathea parvula, Lindsaea lancea, Vittaria lineata. The largest known population in Cuba Odontosoria scandens, Oleandra articulata, Schizaea of the threatened species Adiantum deltoideum is found poeppigiana, as well as a number of species of in the Farallones de Maguana. Grammitidaceae and Hymenophyllaceae. Large trees are scarce in this vegetation type, and the epiphytes Marsh grassland normally live on the mossy bases of shrubs. Numerous Two common halophyte species in this ecosystem exposed sites are colonized by Pteridium caudatum and worth mentioning are Acrostichum aureum and A. danaeifolium. The first lives strictly close to the species of Gleicheniaceae. Very rare species only found in this vegetation type include Lycopodiella carolineana, coastline, but the second also can occur several kilometers inland. Schizaea germanii, Anemia pumilio, A. voerkeliana, Grammitis furcata, Lindsaea quadrangularis, ANALYSIS OF THE PTERIDOFLORA BY SECTOR L. stricta, and Polystichum x machaerophyllum. Cupeyal del Norte Sector Lowland and submontane rainforest on ophiolites These rainforests harbor a pteridoflora similar to that of the previous vegetation type when it comes There are 185 species grouped into 62 genera and 22 families. There are 19 endemic and 9 endangered species present; 2 of them are both endemic and endangered. Exclusive species in this sector are: to the most common species, but not the rare species previously mentioned. Since arboreal coverage is denser, ■ close to the reserve’s station relative humidity is not just concentrated close to the ground, so epiphyte growth can and does occur from ■ tree bases to their branches (even some large ferns are present, such as Polypodium dissimile and P. triseriale). Schizaea germanii, collected once in the Park, at the Toa River headwaters ■ Other abundant species include Adiantum pyramidale, Pityrogramma eggersii and P. shizophylla, collected once in the Park at the Mola River headwaters Cyathea parvula, Hymenophyllum polyanthos, Lygodium volubile, Selaginella plumieri, and Botrychium jenmanii, collected once in the Park, ■ Camptodium pedatum, the only known representative of this genus and species in Cuba, from one location Sticherus remotus. in this sector, specifically on limestone outcroppings Coastal and precoast scrub Normally, this vegetation type can only support a Ojito de Agua Sector few xerophytic fern species, but in the Park, between The pteridoflora in this sector includes 153 species Nibujón and Santa María, elevated rainfall throughout in 53 genera and 22 families. There are 19 endemics of the year results in an impressive and surprising ample distribution in the Park and 2 threatened species: pteridoflora of 54 species, including epiphytes and some an undescribed species of Tectaria, and Asplenium that live only a few meters from the sea. rectangulare, an infrequent species. Locally common species present in this 180 ecosystem include Cheilanthes microphylla, La Melba Sector Macrothelypteis torresiana, Pityrogramma calomelanos, The species richness of the pteridoflora is higher here Pteris grandifolia, P. longifolia, Thelypteris patens, and than in other sectors, with 258 species of 64 genera and RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 22 families. There are 36 endemics, 25 threatened Baracoa Sector species, and 9 that are both threatened and endemic. There are 199 species in this sector, in 59 genera and The most vulnerable species, because of their rarity, are: 23 families. There are 25 endemic species, 8 threatened, ■ Huperzia tenuicaulis, known in Cuba from two and 4 that are both threatened and endemic. Those samples collected from along the Jaguaní River and most important for conservation include: Arroyo Cocalito ■ Lycopodiella appresa and L. carolineana, exclusives of submontane rainforests on poorly drained soils in Toa River Trichomanes caluffii, a new, endemic species and new section in the Trichomanes genera, Didymoglossum Selaginella sellowii, known in Cuba from very few subgenera, known only by the type collection near records in this territory and along the banks of Quibiján ■ Odontosoria sp. nov., an endemic species being Anemia pumilio and Anemia voerkeliana, endemics described; its only known population is along the known from two records, close to the old sawmill at margins of Arroyo Bueno River, close to the old sawmill La Melba and Sierra de Nipe ■ ■ been collected in silica sands of Pinar del Río Tuinicú River, in Sancti Spiritus Province ■ Equisetum giganteum, known by few collections from Cuba’s eastern mountains, located along the Altos de Iberia, El Toldo, and La Melba, which have ■ ■ Trichomanes sp., undescribed, collected once from ■ Adiantum deltoideum, in Cuba only found growing on the coastal limestone outcrops in this territory El Toldo ■ ■ ■ Alsophila brooksii, known in Cuba from two old THREATS records from Camino del Centeno, Moa, Holguín and Rainforests on poorly drained soils are especially Pinal de Santa Ana, Guantánamo vulnerable because of this ecosystem’s intrinsic fragility Adiantum obliquum and Adiantum sp., in Cuba and because they occupy a small surface area. Concrete found only around the Arroyo Bueno community, threats include excessive collection of botanic material, close to the old sawmill where many of the species are in demand as novelties, Hecistopteris pumila, in Cuba found only in three locations: along the Arroyo Juan Pérez and Arroyo Cocalito (in this sector), and along the Cabonico River, Sierra Cristal ■ ■ ■ the main threat is mining activity. Lowland and submontane rainforests on soils originating from metamorphic rocks have an acceptable degree of conservation, but introduction Blechnum shaferii, a possible endemic species known of destructive animals — such as pigs and cattle — is only from this sector, collected south of Campo La becoming more frequent and represents an enormous Gloria and around the El 26 camp threat to the ecosystem. Thelypteris serrata, collected fewer than five times The limestone coastal and precoastal zone in Cuba, present in the swampy margins of Jaguaní has been altered significantly by deforestation, which River, close to the Arroyo Bueno community represents a serious threat. This zone is close to the Grammitis furcata, in Cuba, known only from one collection conducted in Altos de Iberia ■ and road and trail building. In the Altiplanicie El Toldo, beaches and to existing and planned tourism installations, and a busy road passes right through it. Grammitis sp., a possible new species, collected around Las Tetas de Julia CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 181 RECOMMENDATIONS Protection and management Limit collecting of botanical samples in the rainforests Henriettea squamata, Melastomataceae; Pimenta filipes, P. odiolens, and P. oligantha, Myrtaceae; Coccoloba coriacea, Polygonaceae; Micropholis polita subsp. polita and Sideroxylon jubilla, Sapotaceae; and rare endemic species on poorly drained soils and prevent the opening of new trails and roads. The need to conserve and protect the INTRODUCTION Altiplanicie El Toldo from mining activities should be Several studies have been conducted in Alejandro de broadly communicated and insisted upon. Humboldt National Park in order to learn about its In addition, destructive animals such as pigs floristic composition, the vegetation types in different and cattle should be kept from entering lowland and Park locations and their principal values, as well as its submontane rainforests on poorly drained soils. biogeography (Ganchev 1972; Bisse 1976; Bisse et al. 1981; Panfet et al. 1986; Rankin et al. 1987; López et Research al. 1994; Martínez 1997; Capote et al. 1997; Martínez We need to learn more about the pteridoflora growing 2002; Perera et al. 1999; Fagilde 2000, 2003). The on serpentine soils, and the selectivity of some species, Park is part of the core zone of Cuchillas del Toa including epiphytes, in this serpentine-based ecosystem. Biosphere Reserve. Its endemic species richness and We must also research biological reproduction and habitat diversity make it very important to the study survival strategies of the very rare species. of spermatophytes. Additional inventory METHODS The pteridoflora from many areas in the Park have not been well studied, and some have never been studied at all. Rapid inventories should be conducted in those sites. An evaluation of the pteridoflora of the limestone coastal and precoastal zone is also needed to develop appropriate conservation recommendations. During the inventory (February 12-18, 2004), we inventoried accessible habitats and we collected samples of those species for which we had particular interest, were in doubt, or were unable to identify. The rest were identified and recorded in a field notebook. The first author consulted the collections of the Herbarium at Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BSC) SEED PLANTS (Spermatophyta) and reviewed floristic lists of all the published and unpublished articles available for this group of plants in Participants / Authors: Eddy Martínez Quesada, María del Carmen Fagilde Espinosa, William S. Alverson, Corine Vriesendorp, and Robin B. Foster the Park. Explicit locations and Park sectors for each taxon were specified. However, in the appendix, specific locations for some taxa are missing because of Conservation targets: Eight endemic species considered Globally Endangered by the IUCN (Spirotecoma holguinensis, Bignoniaceae; Lyonia elliptica, Ericaceae; Acacia bucheri, Fabaceae; Lunania dodecandra, Flacourtiaceae; Swietenia mahagoni, Meliaceae; Calyptranthes rostrata, Myrtaceae; and Manilkara mayarensis and Pouteria moaensis, Sapotaceae); and 15 endemic species considered Vulnerable (Annona cristalensis and Xylopia ekmanii, Annonaceae; Jacaranda arborea, Spirotecoma apiculata, Tabebuia bibracteolata and T. dubia, Bignoniaceae; Chamaecrista bucherae, FabaceaeCaesalpinioideae; Lunania cubensis, Flacourtiaceae; 182 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 lack of precise information in published works, and one should not assume that taxa with only one location specified are only found in that single location. Degree of threat was determined using IUCN’s Red List (IUCN 2004). We also took photographs, which will be available on our websites (www.fmnh.org/rbi and http://fm2.fieldmuseum.org/plantguides). RESULTS tubaeforme (Acanthaceae), Phaius tankervilliae and Species richness and endemism Spathoglottis plicata (Orchidaceae), and Hedychium We registered 1,071 species, subspecies, and varieties in the Park belonging to 472 genera and 123 families (Appendix 4 and Fig. 5). We estimate that in the entire area there are approximately 1,500 species. The families with the highest number of species, subspecies, and/or varieties are Rubiaceae (85), Asteraceae (67), Orchidaceae (66), Euphorbiaceae (61), Melastomataceae (56), Fabaceae s.l. (55), and Myrtaceae (45). We recorded 595 species endemic to Cuba, although an additional 24 species may also be endemic. These endemics represent at least 55.5% of the registered species and 18.7% of Cuba’s endemic vascular plants (3,178). The families with the highest number of endemic species are Rubiaceae (58), Euphorbiaceae (47), Asteraceae (45), Myrtaceae (40), and Melastomataceae (38). There are other families whose (few) registered species are almost entirely endemic, and proportionally (comparing endemics to nonendemics within the same family) their endemism surpasses those previously mentioned families. Native and introduced species We found 1,000 native species and 48 probably native species, which represents at least 97.8% of all species registered in the Park (of which 405 are nonendemic native species, and an additional 24 species may also be nonendemic natives). Introduced (19) and naturalized (4) species represent only 2.1% of the Park’s species. Of the coronarium (Zingiberaceae). Analysis by sector Ojito de Agua harbors 449 species, of which 285 are endemic (including probable endemics). This sector is one of the richest in spermatophytes and it harbors largest number of endemic species; the proportion of endemics is 63.4%. Cupeyal del Norte possesses 336 species, of which 232 are endemic (69.0%). We believe that this sector has not been well explored, and we estimate that the number of spermatophytes will increase with additional inventories. La Melba has 420 species, of which 266 are endemic (63.3%). Even though this sector has been well studied, the number of species (especially endemics) should be greater. It is quite possible that La Melba actually has the highest percentage of endemics of all the Park’s sectors since the Moa core is a center of very high speciation with a large number of strict endemics. Baracoa harbors 460 species with 268 endemics. In this inventory, it is the sector with the lowest proportion of endemic species (58.3%). We registered a new species for this sector and for the Park: a naturalized, wild Spathoglotis plicata (Orchidaceae) was found at Viento Frío. Prior to this finding, it was only known from the wild in Pinar del Río, which makes this a new record for the Eastern Region. THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS introduced species, it does not appear that Pereskia We did not identify any significant or specific threat to aculeata (Cactaceae) has a tendency to naturalize in the the Park’s spermatophytes other than the general habitat area where it was found, although León and Alain (1953) threats described in the vegetation, ferns, and classified it as escaped from cultivation in Pinar del Río nonvascular plants chapters. and Oriente. Individuals of Casuarina sp. should be Park managers should pay special attention to monitored periodically to evaluate whether the endemic species categorized as Endangered or Vulnerable. population tends to increase over time and to prevent it They should establish permanent plots to monitor these from propagating and modifying the natural habitats in species’ populations and should analyze factors that Yamanigüey. The naturalized species are Odontonema constitute potential threats. Based on these studies, CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 183 long-term management steps should be taken to maintain Ortea (1999) and reviewed the species in the taxonomic (and in some cases locally reestablish) these conservation list, considering both endemic and nonendemic species targets in the Park. listed by these authors. It is unclear whether the population of Casuarina sp. at Yamanigüey is stable or if it is slowly RESULTS increasing. We suggest a quantitative inventory that will Species richness elucidate the type of management needed to deal with this exotic (and usually aggressive) species. I registered 45 species of land snails from 16 families and 27 genera from Alejandro de Humboldt National Park (Appendix 5). Subclass Prosobranchia is TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSKS Participant / Author: David Maceira F. Conservation targets: Thirty-four species endemic to Cuba represented by 4 families, 6 genera, and 10 species (22.2% of the Park’s mollusks). The Veronicellidae family represents the Subclass Gymnomorpha, with one genus and two species (4.4%). Eleven families, 20 genera, and 33 species represent Subclass Pulmonata (73.3%). The best-represented families are Camaenidae INTRODUCTION (7 species), Helminthoglyptidae (6), Urocoptidae (5), The most biologically significant areas in Eastern Cuba Helicinidae (4), and Oleacinidae (4). are (1) Sierra Maestra, (2) the southeastern coast from Cabo Cruz to Punta de Maisí, and (3) the Nipe-Sagua- Endemic and introduced species Baracoa mountainous massif. This last location is one Overall, levels of endemism for native terrestrial of the most biologically diverse sites in the Caribbean malacofauna are high (75.6%) and endemics are (Vales et al. 1995), and it is the site of Alejandro de predominately local and subregional. Of the total Humboldt National Park. number of endemic species, 12 (26.7%) are local Park I previously studied the Park’s terrestrial Subregion, 1 (2.2%) is endemic to both central and here present an analysis of the terrestrial malacofauna eastern Cuba, 4 (8.9%) are pan-Cuban endemics, for each of the Park’s sectors, which was not done in 3 (6.7%) are endemic to the Eastern Region, and other studies. 2 (4.4%) are endemic to both western and eastern Cuba. METHODS Microhabitats, habitats, and abundance For this inventory, I visited Arroyo Bueno, Moa, Ground and tree-dwelling snails are predominant in Holguín province (in February 2004), and Nibujón in the Park. I registered 21 land snails (46.7%) for and Bahía de Taco (in February 2004), both in the ground microhabitat, 8 species (17.8%) for the Baracoa, Guantánamo Province. I reviewed collections arboreal microhabitat, 5 species (11.1%) on rocks, in BIOECO’s Malacological Collection from Piedra 9 species (20.0%) that use both ground and arboreal La Vela, corresponding to September 1998, and from microhabitats, and 2 species (4.4%) that use all Monte Iberia, registered in April 1998. Both locations three microhabitats interchangeably (Appendix 5). are in Guantánamo Province. To inventory mollusks on the ground and on trees, I made diurnal and nocturnal observations in as many biotopes as possible. I conducted a bibliographic review of a Cuban terrestrial mollusks catalog formulated by Espinosa and 184 endemics, 12 (26.7%) are endemic to the Sagua-Baracoa malacofauna (Maceira 1998, 2001a, 2001b), and RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Other notable records In the Park, the 12 local endemic species stand out because they are from different habitats and are of different sizes. The species Caracolus sagemon coutini, C. sagemon subsp. 1, Polydontes torrei, and Zachrysia subregional endemics predominate: 11 species (28.2%) lamellicosta are all large land snails, of mostly plain are local endemics, 11 (28.2%) are endemic to the coloration. They are found in almost all sectors and Sagua-Baracoa Subregion, 1 (2.6%) is endemic to both usually on trees and shrubs. Emoda blanesi and E. the Central and Eastern Regions, 3 (7.7%) are endemic emoda, as well as Coryda armasi, are medium-sized and to the Eastern Region, 4 (10.3%) are pan-Cuban, inhabit the forest, while Cerion coutini, which is similar and 2 (5.1%) are endemic to both the Western and in size, lives next to the coast. Helicita monteiberia, Eastern Regions. Microceramus orientalis, and Ramsdenia natensoni are The three Polymita subspecies present in this all small-sized snails that are hard to detect; the first sector (P. picta fuscolimbata, P. p. nigrolimbata, and two are found on vegetation and the last is found on P. p. roseolimbata) are threatened by illegal commerce in stones and rocks. their shells. There are also three species of the Polydontes Sagua-Baracoa Subregion’s 12 endemic genera (Polydontes natensoni, P. sobrina, and P. torrei), species are also notable. Polydontes natensoni (Fig. 6E), which are among the largest of the land snails. Also P. sobrina, and Zachrysia guantanamensis are large land notable are the number of carnivorous species in snails, have dull coloration, and are not very attractive. Oleacinidae, and one species of Haplotrematidae. Polymita picta fuscolimbata, P. p. roseolimbata, and The predominant families include: P. p. nigrolimbata are medium-sized, tree-dwelling, Helminthoglyptidae (with 6 species), Camaenidae and brightly colored snails. This last characteristic has Urocoptidae (5), and Helicinidae and Oleacinidae (4) actually become a threat to their populations because (Appendix 5). their shells are illegally collected and sold. I registered Oleacina gundlachi and O. trinitaria, two important La Melba Sector species that prey on other snails. Their presence I registered 8 families (50.0% of the total), 13 genera indicates a well-developed mollusk community. I (48.2%), and 19 species (42.2%) in this sector. One observed four small-sized snails living on or under rocks family, 2 genera, and 3 species represent Subclass whose coloring was very similar to this substrate, and Prosobranchia; Subclass Pulmonata is represented by 6, which were fine and fragile: Brachipodella (Gyraxis) 10, and 14, respectively; and Subclass Gymnomorpha is baracoensis, Brachipodella (Brevipodella) angulifera, represented by 1, 1, and 2, respectively. Levistemma peculiaris, and Pleucostemma perplicata Of the species in this sector, 14 (73.7%) are yunquensis (Appendix 5). I found a species new to endemic, mostly local endemics: 7 (36.8%) are locals, science of the Veronicellidae family (Veronicella sp. nov.) 2 (10.5%) are endemic to the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion, living under rocks. 1 (5.3%) is endemic to the Eastern Region, and 4 (21.1%) are pan-Cuban endemics. Baracoa Sector In this sector, there is one Polymita species I registered the most snails in this sector: 14 families (Polymita picta fuscolimbata) threatened by illegal sale (87.5% of the total number of families registered), of its shells; and two of the three species of Polydontes 25 genera (92.6%), and 39 species (86.7%). Four (Polydontes natensoni and P. torrei) are present. families, 6 genera, and 10 species represent the Subclass Notable here is the presence of two pulmonated, Prosobranchia; Subclass Pulmonata is represented by 9, nonendemic slugs (Deroceras reticulatum and D. laeve). 18, and 27 respectively, and Subclass Gymnomorpha is Predominant families in the sector are Camaenidae represented by 1, 1, and 2, respectively. (4 species), Helminthoglyptidae, and Helicinidae (3) Of Baracoa’s species, 32 are endemic (82.5%). (Appendix 5). As is true for the Park in general, local and Sagua-Baracoa CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 185 Ojito de Agua Sector RECOMMENDATIONS I registered 9 families in this sector (56.3% of the total), Protection and management 14 families (51.9%), and 20 species (44.4%). Subclass Prosobranchia is represented by 1 family, 2 genus, and 2 species; Subclass Pulmonata is represented by 7, 10, Environmental education is needed to increase community awareness about the land snails and to stop the illegal sale of Polymita snail shells. and 17, respectively; and Subclass Gymnomorpha by 1, 1, and 2, respectively. Monitoring Fifteen of the 20 species (75.0%) are endemic: Population densities and relative abundance of Polymita 4 are local endemics (20%); 4 are endemic to the Sagua- species should be monitored in order to understand the Baracoa Subregion (20%); 4 are pan-Cuban endemics level of threat to their populations from illegal sale of (20%); 2 (10.0%) are endemic to the Eastern Region; their shells, and to propose measures to conserve their and 1 (5.0%) is endemic to both the Central and populations, which occur nowhere else on earth. Eastern Regions. As in La Melba, there is one Polymita species (Polymita picta fuscolimbata), also threatened by illegal SPIDERS sale of its shells. Obeliscus latus stands out because of its left-side opening and because of its leaf litter habits. Family Oleacinidae is well represented, indicating a well-developed mollusk community. (Appendix 5) Dominant families include Camaenidae (3 species), Oleacinidae (4), and Subulinidae (3). Cupeyal del Norte Sector In this sector, I registered 7 families (43.8% of the total), 10 genera (37.0%), and 12 species (26.7%). Subclass Participants / Authors: Giraldo Alayón García and Alexander Sánchez-Ruiz Conservation targets: Populations of 33 endemic species present in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park, especially 4 species endemic to Eastern Cuba (Argyrodes cubensis, Nops enae, Celaethycheus fulvorufus, and Citharacanthus alayoni), 2 localized in the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion (Masteria golobatchi and Bolostromus holguinensis), and 7 only known to exist in one or two locations within the Park (Barronopsis campephila, Kaira levii, Lycosa ovalata, Scaphiella bryantae, Dolomedes toldo, Selenops iberia, and Cyrtopholis plumosa) Prosobranchia is represented by 1 family, 2 genera, and 2 species; Subclass Pulmonata is represented by 5, 7, INTRODUCTION and 8, respectively; and Subclass Gymnomorpha is represented by 1, 1, and 2, respectively. Nine of its 12 species (75.0%) are endemic. The spiders of the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion have been poorly studied despite the fact that the area contains Most are pan-Cuban, with 4 species (33.3%); then the one of Cuba’s largest mountainous massifs. A literature locals, with 3 (25.0%); the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion review revealed that only three publications focus on this and the Eastern Region have 1 species each (8.3%). subregion’s spiders in a general way (Alayón 1988, 1994; There is one Polymita present (P. p. fuscolimbata). Sánchez-Ruiz 1999). The rest of the publications focus on There are no predominant families (Appendix 5). particular species, either describing new taxa or discussing range distribution extensions of existing species. Alejandro de Humboldt National Park lacks THREATS integrated arachnological studies, and while it is true The biggest threats to the terrestrial malacofauna are deforestation and illegal sale of the shells of the Polymita species. that a large part of the species described for the SaguaBaracoa Subregion are found within the Park, no study has compiled a species list for the Park based on its current boundaries. 186 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Table 2. Representation of spider taxa in Alejandro de Humbolt National Park and in Sagua-Baracoa. Category of taxa Number in Cuba (Alayón 2000) % of Cuban taxa present in Park Number in SaguaBaracoa Subregion (Sánchez-Ruiz 1999) % of Sagua-Baracoa taxa present in Park Species 568 18.7 157 67.5 Genera 243 37.7 102 80.4 53 60.4 35 91.4 Families METHODS Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BIOECO) and that Museo Nacional de Historia During the rapid inventory, we collected during Natural (MNHN). the day and night, but limited our sampling to the principal habitats present in Arroyo Bueno (evergreen forest, pine groves, and rainforest) and RESULTS Cocalito (rainforest and gallery forest). In addition, Richness of observed taxa and endemism we also visited El Toldo’s high plateau (in Ojito There are 106 spider species present in the Park de Agua and La Melba Sectors), and El Peñón (Appendix 6), grouped in 32 families and 82 genera. (also La Melba Sector). During our expeditions Table 2 shows the percentages of richness at the species, we made observations and collected all the spiders genus, and family levels compared to those of Cuba we encountered, mostly on leaves and tree or shrub overall and the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion. branches, under rocks, n the ground, on the leaf The best-represented families were Araneidae, litter, on fallen trunks, under bark, on herbaceous Theridiidae, Salticidae, and Tetragnathidae (Table 3). vegetation, and on buildings. Of Cuba’s 247 endemic spiders included on the most To create the Park’s species list, we used recent list for the archipelago (Alayón 2000), 33 species the sample collected during this rapid inventory were found in the Park, which represents 13.4% of the as well as published records for the study area registered Cuban archipelago endemics and 76.7% of (Alayón 1977, 1988, 1992, 1994, 1995a, 1995b, the 43 endemic species in Sagua-Baracoa Subregion. Of 2000; Bryant 1936, 1940; Dumitresco and Georgesco the endemic species present in the Park, 20 (60.6%) are 1983; Franganillo 1930, 1936; Huber and Pérez endemic to the entire archipelago, 4 (12.1%) are found 1998; Exline and Levi 1962; Platnick 2004; Rudloff only in Cuba’s Eastern Region, 2 (6.1%) are endemic to 1996; Sánchez-Ruiz 1999, 2004) and material the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion, and 7 (21.2%) are found deposited in the arachnological collections of the in only one or two places within the Park’s borders (Appendix 6). Table 3. Spider families with the highest species richness in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. Family Number of species % of endemic species in the Park Araneidae 23 12.1 Theridiidae Analyzing the data per sector, we find that La Melba has the highest species richness (Table 4). Nonetheless, this analysis is biased because the amount of study and sampling effort per sector is unequal. At this time, we are only able to provide a general vision 12 3.0 of what is actually registered per sector (Appendix 6), Salticidae 7 9.1 Tetragnathidae 7 0 and therefore this is the first attempt of a comparative study of the Park’s spiders per sector. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 187 Table 4. Species richness in the administrative sectors of Alejandro de Humboldt National Park Sector Number of species Baracoa 36 La Melba 58 Ojito de Agua 35 Cupeyal del Norte 31 In this study, we registered 11 new species for the Park, which included three new family records: 02 Hersiliidae, represented by Tama habanensis Baracoa Subregion. THREATS Populations of species with small ranges need special if habitat loss intensifies. For this reason, the following seven locally endemic species (found within Park borders) should be given special attention: Barronopsis campephila (Agelenidae) was only known for the type locality in Ojito de Agua. During the La Habana, Cienfuegos, and Las Tunas). These rapid inventory, we found this species in the Altiplanicie represent the first records of this family and El Toldo (Ojito de Agua Sector). It makes its webs on species for the Eastern Region; the soil and leaf litter. Natural habitat loss caused by Mimetidae, represented by a Mimetus sp. We clearing the soils for cultivation, or other impacts on its collected two samples in El Toldo’s high plateau habitat, represent the principal threats to its survival. Segestriidae, of which we found samples of 6 young Ariadna arthuri from Monte Iberia (Baracoa Sector) during our review of BIOECO’s collection. Anelosimus jucundus and Theridion evexum (Theridiidae) are also notable since they are new records for the area. Another interesting record is Celaethycheus Kaira levii (Araneidae) is known only from one population in the type locality: Moa Farallones (Cupeyal del Norte Sector). This rare spider makes its webs in shrubs, using the underside of leaves to make refuges. Indiscriminant use of shrubs from its natural habitat — to use in charcoal production, for example — could significantly reduce this unique population. Lycosa ovalata (Lycosidae) is only known fulvorufus afoliatus (Ctenidae), described by P. Franganillo from the type locality in Baracoa (Baracoa Sector). Since from Baracoa, Guantánamo. This subspecies may have P. Franganillo described the species, it has never been been identified incorrectly, but additional specimens are collected again. It probably lives on the ground and in needed for verification (Alayón 2000). leaf litter, or perhaps in leaves and branches of trees and Within the Park, Nops enae has only been shrubs, or under tree bark like the rest of the lycosids. found in one location, Piedra La Vela (Ojito de Agua Lack of information about this species prevents us from Sector), where it was originally described. Outside of specifying possible threats. the Park, only two other populations have been Scaphiella bryantae (Oonopidae) is only known registered: Quintero, ciudad de Santiago de Cuba; and from the type locality along the Baracoa River (Baracoa La Pimienta, III Frente, Santiago de Cuba Province Sector). The type specimen, a female, was collected from (Sánchez-Ruiz 2004). leaf litter along the river’s edge. The male is not yet Masteria golobatchi (Dipluridae) was only known. As with the other previously mentioned species, known from one male specimen from its type locality in habitat loss due to forest clearing or soil modification is Paso Cuba (Baracoa Sector), collected from a pile of the principal threat for this species. pine needles in a Pinus cubensis plantation. Two female individuals were found along the edges of Yumurí River 188 possible that this species is restricted to the Sagua- (which had previously been registered only in (the Altiplanicie El Toldo, in La Melba Sector); and 03 Province) on leaf litter, outside of the Park borders. It is consideration, since these will be the first to disappear New and significant records 01 (Santa Rosa, Sabana, Maisí Municipality, Guantánamo RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Selenops sp. (Selenopidae) is known from the type locality in Monte Iberia (Baracoa Sector). Habitat loss is the principal threat for this species of restricted An inventory outside of Sagua-Baracoa’s protected distribution. areas would help understand distribution and level of Dolomedes toldo (Pisauridae, Fig. 6A) was protection of this subregion’s species. known from the type locality in El Toldo’s high plateau (Ojito de Agua Sector). During the rapid inventory, we found this species in La Melba (La Melba Sector). Similar to all Dolomedes species, this spider lives on the exposed part of rocks in water currents. River and stream OTHER ARACHNIDS (Scorpiones, Amblypygi, Schizomida, Solpugida, Ricinulei, and Uropygi) contamination in La Melba and Ojito de Agua as well as modifications of their watercourses (either by channeling or dam building) are the principal threats for this species. Cyrtopholis plumosa (Theraphosidae) is only known from the type locality in Yunque de Baracoa (Baracoa Sector) where it lives in fallen, sheathing leaf bases of palms, and even in those still hanging from the palm. The holotype is gone, or lost; however, recently J. P. Rudloff located syntypes of the species. Habitat loss Participant / Author: Rolando Teruel Conservation targets: Coastal charrascals along the CañeteYamanigüey-Río Seco area, which are the only known habitats for three species (one scorpion, schizomida, and one solpugida) new to science INTRODUCTION The arachnids are an ecologically important group from clearing in this sector is the main threat to the within the arthropods because of their sheer numbers species’ survival. and their mostly predatory tendencies. They are highly susceptible to the effects of anthropogenic RECOMMENDATIONS Protection and management ■ Prevent clearing of trees and shrubs, especially in the Baracao and Cupeyal del Norte Sectors. ■ ■ actions. This vulnerability is further increased by two other factors: the relatively small geographic distributions of most species, and the fact that high rates of endemism and species richness are concentrated in arid and coastal vegetation zones, which are Take measures to prevent contamination, dam ecologically fragile ecosystems. Regarding Alejandro construction, and alteration of watercourses in the de Humboldt National Park, several previous studies La Melba and Ojito de Agua Sectors. focused on some taxa of these orders: scorpions Prevent clearing and soil modification, prioritizing (Armas 1988; Teruel 2000a, 2000b, 2001), amblypygids Baracoa, to protect the leaf litter layer in these forests. (Teruel 2000a, 2001), schizomids (Armas 2002, 2004; Teruel 2000a, 2001, 2003, 2004), solpugids (Teruel Research 2000a, 2001), ricinulids, (Teruel 2000a, 2001), and Study populations of the seven species with uropygids (Teruel 2000a, 2001). distributions restricted in the Park in order to (1) determine actual distribution within the Park, METHODS (2) locate and describe the male Scaphiella bryantae, I inventoried arachnids through direct visual (3) determine true habitat requirements for these observation and by turning over rocks and fallen trunks, species, and (4) locate Lycosa ovalata. pealing bark off of dead trunks and branches, and looking inside epiphytic bromeliads. I also used Additional inventories ultraviolet lights for nocturnal detection. I captured Biological inventories should continue during small specimens (less than 5 mm long) using a brush different times of the year and in additional habitats. soaked in 80% ethanol, and larger specimens using CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 189 Table 5. Arachnids (excluding spiders) in the Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa Mountains and Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa Order Families Genera P. N. Alejandro de Humboldt Species Cuban endemic species Families 14 2 Scorpiones 2 7 16 Schizomida 1 5 11 9 Amblypygi 2 3 7 5 Solpugida 1 2 3 Ricinulei 1 1 1 Uropygi 1 1 TOTALS 8 19 Genera Species Cuban endemic species 4 5 4 1 4 6 5 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 39 33 7 13 19 14 entomological tweezers appropriate to the specimen’s of the genus Cazierius, 1 schizomid (Rowlandius sp.), size and exoskeletal hardness. I preserved all species in and a second schizomid that represents a new genus and 80% ethanol and deposited them, properly labeled, in species. Other interesting finds include the first record of BIOECO’s collections. Paraphrynus viridiceps (an amblypygid) within Park borders, and new location records for 4 species of scorpions, 3 amblypygids, and 2 schizomids. RESULTS Species richness and endemism I collected 17 species, belonging to 6 orders, 7 families, ANALYSIS BY SECTOR and 12 genera (Appendix 7). During this inventory, I Baracoa Sector did not find one genus and two additional species noted This and the next sector have the highest richness of in existing literature because I was not able to visit the taxa: 12 species (63% of all species present in the Park) locations where they have been found. from 6 families (86%) and 10 genera (77%). Of the Table 5 presents a comparison of the Park’s orders with more than one species registered in the arachnid fauna (this study) and the Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa Park, the best-represented orders in this sector are Mountains (Teruel 2000a, 2001). Species representations Amblypygi (with 100% of the Park’s species) and (by order) in the Park compared to those present in the Scorpiones (80%). Of these 12 species, 8 are endemic Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa Massif are as follows: solpugids (67%): 1 is a national endemic, 4 are regional endemics, (67%), amblypygids (57%), schizomids (55%), scorpions and 3 are local endemics. (31%), and one species each of ricinulids and uropygids. The Park covers less than 1% of Cuba’s national La Melba Sector territory, yet representation of the arachnid fauna is high. In this sector, I found the same number of species as in Regarding the endemics, more than two-thirds of the the last sector: 12 species (63%), grouped in 5 families Park’s species are endemic to Cuba: 1 is a national (71%) and 10 genera (77%). The best-represented endemic species, 5 are regionally endemic, and 8 are local orders are Amblypygi (75% of the Park’s species), endemic species. Schizomida (67%), and Scorpiones (60%). And, as in Baracoa Sector, 8 of the 12 species (67%) are endemic New and significant records (1 national, 3 regional, and 4 locals); this represents Of the Park’s 19 species, 5 are new to science: 50% of the Park’s local endemic species. 2 solpugids of the genus Ammotrechella, 1 scorpion 190 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Ojito de Agua Sector DIPTERANS I found the least species richness in this sector: 8 species Author: Gabriel Garcés González (42%), of 3 families (43%) and 7 genera (54%). Of the orders with more than one species registered in the Park, Amblypygi is the best represented, with 75% of its Park species present. Endemism is high in this sector, and 5 of the 8 species are endemic (63%): 1 national, 2 regional, and 2 locals. Conservation targets: Eleven endemic species, especially the seven species known to exist only within the Park INTRODUCTION The dipterans are among the most important and diverse group of invertebrates. These insects can be found in large Cupeyal del Norte Sector quantities in all ecosystems, terrestrial and aquatic, and This sector followed Baracoa and La Melba’s richness they are responsible for a great number of interactions with 9 species (47%), of 6 families (86%) and 8 genera with other species in their habitats. (61%). Of the orders with more than one species When we think of the dipterans, we tend to registered in the Park, only the Orders Scorpiones and associate them with annoying or harmful insects like Amblypygi have significant representation; in both cases mosquitoes (Culicidae), gnats (Ceratopogonidae), black half of their species present in the Park are present here. flies (Simuliidae), horse flies (Tabanidae), and others Endemism in this sector is also high, and 6 of the 9 species that should be exterminated and controlled. But the are endemic (67%): 1 national, 4 regional, and 1 local. Order Diptera also includes species of great ecological value, either because they are pollinators or because THREATS During this inventory, I did not identify specific threats to these arachnids in the sampled areas of the Park. However, in general, small population sizes of species of schizomids, solpugids, ricinulids, and some scorpions make them vulnerable to possible changes in their habitats. In particular, indiscriminate forest clearing destroys vegetative cover and its corresponding leaf litter (which drastically alters essential microclimatic parameters needed for the survival of these species, such as humidity and the level of soil insolation) and is an actual and potential threat. RECOMMENDATIONS they regulate other phytophagous invertebrates (whose populations can grow and harm vegetation). Even those dipterans considered harmful to man in populated areas are vital prey for many vertebrates and invertebrates in natural areas, thereby forming part of the natural trophic chain. The Order Diptera is poorly studied in Cuba and to date includes 61 families, 355 genera, and 804 species. This last figure currently represents 0.6% of the world’s dipteran fauna. However, almost on a continual basis, new records are made for the island, including species new to science, every time a taxonomic study of this group is concluded. Of the species recorded for Cuba, 209 are endemic, which represents 25.9% endemism, a high proportion considering the generally Protection and management low level of knowledge of this group. Of these Cuban Prevent clearing of the coastal charrascals in the endemics, 14.6% are local endemics. A large part of Yamanigüey-Río Seco area, which is the only habitat these Cuban endemic dipterans are localized in the where the species proposed as conservation targets Eastern Region of the country, especially in the high are found. mountains that harbor a rich dipterological fauna. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 191 METHODS THREATS I used three main methods to capture insects: One of the biggest threats for Cuban dipterofauna (1) colored traps (yellow-colored plates or trays), is our overall lack of knowledge. Only a few families (2) soil traps, and (3) flight-intercept traps (trampas have received special attention because of medical or de intersección de vuelo). To a lesser degree, I used agricultural interests. Regardless of the zoological Malaise traps and entomological nets. I sampled in three group, if its faunistic composition is unknown, it will different habitats in the Park: natural forests, forests be extremely difficult (if not impossible) to promote with coffee, and deforested areas with pasture. I carried conservation of those elements that may be threatened out this sampling between 1997 and 2001, spending 7 to by anthropogenic actions. Historically, people have viewed this group 15 days in each location visited. I deposited collected material in BIOECO’s entomological collection. as harmful and even lethal — since some of them transmit diseases like dengue, yellow fever, and malaria — thereby worthy of extermination at any cost. It is of RESULTS There are 108 species (13.4% of all species registered for Cuba), grouped in 71 genera and 34 families (Appendix 8) in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park, with 11 endemic species (5.3% of Cuba’s no surprise that very few dipterans in the world (and no Cuban species) appear on international threatened or endangered species lists. However, within the Order Diptera, there are biological regulators and other specialized species that exhibit — like many species of endemic dipterans). Of the endemic species in the Park, four are parasitic hymenoptera — low levels of genetic diversity, national endemics: Ocyptamus cubensis, Paramicrodon which makes them vulnerable to drastic changes in delicatulus and Mixogaster cubensis (Syrphidae), and ecosystems and could cause them to disappear from Coilometopia bimaculata (Richardiidae). The remaining their original areas. These preliminary results indicate that Cuba’s seven species are considered local endemics, found only in the Park: Epiphragma cubense (Tipulidae), Beameromyia dipterofauna suffer drastic losses in richness when cubensis (Leptogastridae), Lamprempis setigera montane forest is totally destroyed. Forests with coffee (Empididae), Proctacanthus nigrimanus (Asilidae), crops, while causing inherent ecosystem changes, seem Stenotabanus fairchildi (Tabanidae), and Micropeza to be a preferred, less destructive option for the Park’s verticalis, and Grallipeza baracoa (Micropezidae). dipteran fauna, and, as the results show, even seem to Analyzing where these insects were captured, enrich fauna composition. I found that forested areas in general have the highest species richness, 70.9% (Appendix 8). One species, RECOMMENDATIONS Calycomyza dominicensis (Agromyzidae), was only Protection and management captured in natural forests. Of the species captured in ■ forested areas, 29.0% were captured only in forests forested areas from being transformed into livestock- with coffee crops but not in natural, unaltered forests. raising or agricultural areas, which causes a clear Species richness diminished significantly in areas with impoverishment of dipteran fauna. cattle (pastures), to 27.4%. Of the species encountered ■ in pastures, 24.1% were captured only in this ecosystem. I found one Cuban endemic, Paramicrodon delicatulus (Syrphidae), only in deforested areas and not in forested areas. 192 Control land-use conversion, keeping naturally RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Prevent forest fires that affect dipteran diversity by prohibiting the burning of pastures. Research ■ ■ Develop taxonomic research on little-known families harbors a significant portion of the country’s rainforests, of Cuban dipterans that could turn out to be indicators evergreen forests, charrascals, and other vegetation of ecosystem “health” (Chironomidae, for example, types of great ecological value both in terms of species among others). richness and high levels of endemism. Fauna diversity Develop long-term research on species that appear to be important in the Park in order to understand their ecological requirements. ■ Alejandro de Humboldt National Park is also associated with these ecosystems, although in the case of the invertebrates, more systematic research is needed. In this report, we provide data about the diversity of the Order Hymenoptera in the Park. Continue long-term inventories and encourage participation of taxonomists from other countries to increase knowledge of the Park’s dipterofauna, which will help to manage and conserve it. METHODS We worked in three locations: Arroyo 26 (El 26), Cocalito, and Bahía de Taco. We used three passive collection methods: (1) yellow plates, (2) interception traps, and (3) Malaise traps. We also actively collected HYMENOPTERANS Participants / Authors: Eduardo Portuondo Ferrer and José L. Fernández Triana Conservation targets: The communities of hymenopterans, especially ants, that are considered to be most diverse in Cuba; endemic ant species of the genera Camponotus and Temnothorax; and genera and species (Platymistax, Dipogon) that have only been found in this region of Cuba INTRODUCTION individuals using entomological nets, overturning rocks, and looking under tree bark. Details of our methods can be found in the report of the rapid biological inventory conducted in La Bayamesa, Cuba (Fernández et al., in press). Reference material is located in BIOECO’s zoological collection (Santiago de Cuba). In addition to our field results, we used findings from BIOECO’s previous expeditions, data collected from studying BIOECO’s entomological collection, and data extracted from an exhaustive Cuba’s entomological fauna is not as rich in species bibliographic review. This allowed us to incorporate as that of the continental Neotropics, but it is rich in data from locations we were unable to visit during the comparison to other islands. For many of the zoological rapid inventory, such as El Toldo, Arroyo Bueno, Piedra groups, Cuba is the most biologically diverse island in La Vela, and Monte Iberia. In addition, it allowed us to the Caribbean. In addition, the proportion of endemics conduct our analysis by sector: La Melba, Ojito de species is large, estimated at 40 to 60% for the insects Agua, Baracoa, and Cupeyal del Norte. By including (Genaro and Tejuca 2000). In the case of the El Toldo, the Park’s highest point, the altitudinal range hymenopterans (bees, wasps, and ants), there is no exact in this report increased to 1,109 m. Most individuals figure because of lack of knowledge of many of the were identified to the species or genus level. order’s families, but using available data (Genaro 2002; Portuondo (1998) and Portuondo and Portuondo and Fernández 2003; Fernández 2005), we Fernández (2004) have examined species diversity for estimate that endemism is close to 40%. These values are the Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountainous massifs. Fernández high, especially considering that strong flyers, which can (in press) analyzed inventories of the hymenopterans travel great distances, are included in this insect group. conducted in Cuba, with emphasis on the problems of the Eastern Region, where the Park is located. These studies are included in the discussion of this report. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 193 RESULTS Aculeata included bees (Apidae), with 22 species; Species diversity and endemism Pompilidae (spider wasps), with 21; and Sphecidae, It is evident that the Park contains an important and significant diversity of Hymenoptera. We found 298 species in 35 families (Appendix 9), which is approximately one-fourth of the 1,156 species known in Cuba (Portuondo and Fernández 2003) and more than three-fourths of those reported for the SaguaBaracoa Subregion by Portuondo and Fernández (2004). Eighteen species (6.1%) are endemic to Cuba. These figures are still preliminary (Fernández, in press). We estimate that the actual number of Hymenoptera species will be more than 400 when unstudied and understudied sectors of the Park are sampled. The Park taken as a whole makes up one of the principal, if not the principal, floristic biodiversity hot spots in the Insular Caribbean (Borhidi 1991). Vegetative endemism is so high that we do not doubt it is associated with similar values of phytophagous, parasitic, and predatory insects, although we need more data to evaluate this hypothesis. Dipogon and Solierella (Genaro and Portuondo 2001, 2002). Also notable was the diversity of Scelionidae (19 species), which is a poorly studied group in the country (Portuondo and Fernández 2003). Habitats The largest extensions and the greatest variety of Cuban rainforests are found within this Park. It should be no surprise that the highest number of species is recorded for these habitats — an aspect discussed in detail in Portuondo and Fernández (2004) and Fernández and Portuondo (in press). Parasitic wasps made up almost two-thirds of the total number of individuals collected. Most were from families such as Diapriidae, Encyrtidae, Eucharitidae, Platygastridae, and Scelionidae. This result confirms the significance of these habitats for conservation of some hymenopteran groups (Fernández and Portuondo, in press; Fernández et al., in press). The formicids were the most numerous of the Aculeata group (bees, ants, and wasps with stingers), demonstrating the vital importance Significant records Formicidae is the most diverse group, with 59 species. This represents approximately one-third of all the ant species reported for Cuba, and one-fifth of all the hymenopterans found in the Park. Portuondo (1998) has analyzed this group in detail, and this could be the most biologically diverse area for the the ants in the country. The most significant records include six endemic species of Camponotus and three of Temnothorax, some of which are local endemics. The presence of “tramp species” of ants in the Park is also important (Portuondo 1998), as they are considered invasive and harmful to these natural ecosystems. The next most important family in terms of 194 with 20. This last group includes two new species of of ants in these ecosystems. Additionally, we found some evidence during our fieldwork at Arroyo 26 that suggested that the canopy of vegetation types with the tallest arboreal layers — especially in the rainforests with najesí (Carapa guianensis, Meliaceae) — could turn out to be an important component for flying hymenopterans. Unconventional collection techniques are needed to sample from that stratum. THREATS Parasitic and predatory species make up the majority of the Order Hymenoptera. Their survival depends a biodiversity is Ichneumonidae, with 31 species. Of the great deal on the availability of host insects and / or total number of species, three are new to science (in the prey (many times specific) that, like phytophagous genera Enicospilus and Thyreodon; Fernández 2005), species, need specific host plants and establish complex and in Cuba, the genus Platymistax exists only within and delicate multitrophic relationships. Given the high the Park. Three other well-represented families of the level of endemism of the flora in the Park, we assume RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 that this interdependence could be relevant here. Habitat destruction is therefore the principal threat to the hymenopterans. AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES Participants / Authors: Ansel Fong G., Luís M. Díaz, and Nicasio Viña Dávila Results from this inventory suggest that the Park is Conservation targets: Threatened species (12 amphibians and 11 reptiles), the majority of which are also endemic to Cuba; an additional 5 species endemic to the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion that are not considered threatened; and 2 species that are pressured to some degree by humans (Cyclura nubila and one of the most significant areas in the country for ants. Epicrates angulifer), also listed as threatened by the IUCN RECOMMENDATIONS Protection and management We propose that this family be included among the distinctive and characteristic groups of the Park. INTRODUCTION Research and additional inventories The Sagua-Baracoa Subregion has the highest It would be useful to study the Park’s canopy. In fact, this park is probably the most appropriate area in the country to conduct such research. There have been no such studies in Cuba. We recommend funding this activity, which could support the Park’s conservation. We propose additional inventories in the most promising sites. We suggest El Toldo, Las Tetas de Julia, and especially some locations in Cupeyal del Norte Sector that have received the least scientific attention to date with respect to this taxonomic group. Ecological monitoring Even though Bahía de Taco is not one of the bestconserved areas, it contains a mix of ecosystems with an elevated diversity of hymenopterans and other insects. And because of an additional logistical advantage — the presence of facilities — we suggest that an annual insect monitoring program be established, with a special emphasis on those species considered conservation targets in this report. We recommend using Malaise traps since they are a passive collection method that provides excellent results for the entomologic groups of interest. The “tramp species” of ants may have negative herpetological diversity in Cuba; researchers continue to add new information each year. Alejandro de Humboldt National Park is situated in these mountains and it is no exception to this pattern of high diversity. During the 1980s and 1990s, several expeditions were conducted in the Park that resulted in descriptions of various amphibians and reptiles, for example, research by Estrada and Hedges (1995, 1996, 1997). Despite this, only a few species lists have been published that include areas within the Park (for example, Estrada et al. 1987), but there is no complete amphibian or reptile list for this protected area. Ecological and biogeographical studies have not been published either, despite the importance that existing research could have in managing the area. In this section we present an updated list of all the known amphibian and reptile species for each sector of the Park, and we analyze current and potential threats to the area. This is the first such published report of its kind for the Park. METHODS Between February 12 and 22, 2004, we visited five locations within the Park: Arroyo Bueno (La Melba impacts on natural ecosystems, displacing native ants. Sector), and Los Cocalitos, Las Tetas de Julia, Bahía de We suggest monitoring these invasive species and Taco, and Yamanigüey (Baracoa Sector). During these their effects. days, we recorded all species we observed or heard using active search methods during the day and night. We searched in all possible microhabitats where amphibians and/or reptiles could be found, from the soil to the treetops, including leaf litter, rocks, fallen trunks, CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 195 tree and shrub trunks and branches, bromeliads, and 68.8% of all the reptile species in Sagua-Baracoa. The under bark. In addition to our records from this elevated percentage of amphibian and reptile presence fieldwork, we added observations from other members despite its small relative size (the Park represents 0.64% of the biological inventory, including Guillermo Knell, of Cuba’s territory) is an indication of this protected area’s Gerardo Begué, and Jorge Luís Delgado. great importance for Cuba’s herpetofauna. Endemism is high: 90.0% of the amphibians Specimens collected during the inventory were deposited in the biological collections of BIOECO and 73.8% of the reptiles in the Park are endemic. (BSC.H) and the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural These figures are very close to Cuba’s overall endemism (MNHNCu). During the inventory, we photographed levels (Fong 2000). Of Cuba’s endemics, 32.1% of its and/or recorded a great number of the species endemic amphibians and 29.8% of the endemic reptiles seen/heard. We deposited the vouchers in the Museo are found in the Park. Another indicator of the Park’s Nacional de Historia Natural (MNHNCu) and in the importance are its 5 amphibian and 4 reptile species Natural Sounds Laboratory (Laboratorio de Sonidos exclusive of Cuba’s eastern mountainous massifs and the Naturales) “Juan C. Gundlach” of BIOECO. additional 15 species (5 amphibians and 10 reptiles) In addition to the information obtained during that are found only in the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion this inventory, we used data collected during other (Appendix 10). Of these, 6 species are only known to expeditions conducted by the authors during 1996-2003. exist within the Park and an additional species (Anolis The same methodology explained in the previous rubribarbus) is only found inside the Park and in a few section was employed during those trips. To generate locations outside of the Park. a species list for the Park, we also considered all relevant published information and we reviewed Cuba’s principal Significant records herpetological collections; for more detailed information, During the inventory we verified the presence of see Fong and Viña (1998) and Fong (2001). six species in locations that had not been previously Each species’ threat category was determined in mentioned in the literature; these represent range previous studies: Cuban amphibians (IUCN et al. 2004), extensions for these species. reptiles of Cuba (Vales et al. 1998), and the IUCN’s Red ■ List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2004). Eleutherodactylus simulans: It was only known to exist in Arroyo Bueno, in La Melba, and in Baracoa and its surroundings. In this inventory, we observed it RESULTS in Bahía de Taco and surroundings (Baracoa Sector). Species richness and endemism ■ Eleutherodactylus guantanamera: We heard and There are 20 amphibian species (2 toads and 18 frogs) observed this small frog at Arroyo Bueno (La Melba and 42 reptile species (32 lizards, 8 snakes, 1 turtle, and Sector), and at Las Tetas de Julia and surroundings 1 amphisbaenian) recorded for the Park. Of these, we (Baracoa Sector), which represent new location recorded 15 amphibians and 20 reptiles during the records for this species. inventory (Appendix 10). There are 3 additional species ■ that possibly occur in the Park (all small species of this at Los Cocalitos (Baracoa Sector), and during Anolis), since their distribution areas reach Park borders. previous sampling visits, we heard it at Arroyo Bueno The amphibians recorded in the Park represent (La Melba Sector), which increases the number of 33.9% of all the species recorded in Cuba and 64.5% of known locations for this small frog. those in Sagua-Baracoa Subregion, in which the Park is situated. The reptiles represent 30.7% of Cuba’s total and Eleutherodactylus gundlachi: We heard and observed ■ Eleutherodactylus iberia (Fig. 7A): Even though this small frog’s existence was known around Bahía 196 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 ■ ■ de Taco, we verified its presence and also found a Baracoa Sector significant population living in secondary vegetation In this sector, 18 amphibian and 28 reptile species have and crops along the road. been recorded. Specifically, there are 2 toads, 16 frogs, Anolis fugitivus: We observed this small lizard in 23 lizards, 4 snakes, and 1 turtle (Appendix 10). These Bahía de Taco and Las Tetas de Julia and its species belong to 17 genera and 12 families. During surroundings (Baracoa Sector), which represents a the rapid inventory, we observed 35 of the 46 species range extension for this little-known species. (15 amphibians and 20 reptiles). It is likely that Diploglossus nigropunctatus: L. O. Melián and D. F. Stotz collected a specimen of the rare “culebrita de cuatro patas” (small snake with four paws) around Las Tetas de Julia (Baracoa Sector). This record is significant because it is a new location record for this species and because this lizard is rarely seen or captured. Threatened species 3 additional reptiles will be found within this sector because of their large ranges within the Park. Endemism is high, 88.9% and 71.4% of the amphibians and reptiles, respectively. Of Cuba’s endemic reptiles inhabiting areas in the Park, 58.3% are found in this sector and almost all the amphibians (except 2 species). Of the endemic species, 4 amphibians and 1 reptile are endemic to Cuba’s Eastern Mountains. All 5 amphibian and 8 out of 10 reptile species endemic to the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion are found in this sector. There is a high percentage of threatened species in the There are 10 species that have been found in this sector Park. Of the protected area’s species, 60.0% of the of the Park and not any other sector (Appendix 10). amphibian and 26.2% of the reptile species are Baracoa has the highest reptile and amphibian considered threatened in Cuba (Appendix 10). Of diversity and endemism in the Park. This could be Cuba’s threatened species, 26.5% of its threatened because it is the only sector with coastal areas, and amphibians and 22.6% of its threatened reptiles inhabit several reptile species that live close to the sea are found areas in the Park. here. These coastal areas contrast with the mountainous The majority of these species are included in and rainforests portions, resulting in high ecosystem priority threatened categories, increasing their conservation diversity in a relatively small area, which in turn favors importance. Three species are categorized Critically impressive species diversity. Endangered, 6 species are Endangered, and a considerable This sector also harbors the highest number of part (14) of the remaining species are Vulnerable. To threatened species; 61.1% and 28.6% of its amphibian date, no extinct species is known for Cuba or the Park. and reptile species, respectively, are threatened to some degree. All 3 of the Park’s Critically Endangered ANALYSIS BY SECTOR species inhabit this sector as well as 4 Endangered and Analyzing the species list, we determined that 18 species 10 Vulnerable species (Appendix 10). (5 amphibians and 13 reptiles) are found in all sectors, and another 10 (4 amphibians and 6 reptiles) are La Melba Sector known to exist in 3 of the 4 sectors (additional study is Taking into account previous records and our own likely to show that they exist throughout the Park). In collection data, this sector harbors 13 amphibian and contrast, there are 17 species (4 amphibians and 13 27 reptile species, belonging to 14 genera and 12 families reptiles) that have only been found in one sector, (Appendix 10). Specifically, the list includes 1 toad, although that does not necessarily mean that all of them 12 frogs, 19 lizards, 7 snakes, and 1 amphisbaenian. We are endemic to the respective sector (most inhabit areas observed and/or heard 27 of these species (12 amphibians outside of Park limits). and 15 reptiles) during this rapid inventory. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 197 Endemism in this sector is the highest in the Park: 92.3% of the amphibians and 85.2% of the reptiles are endemic. That is more than two-thirds of these species are Park endemics, and one reptile has been reported in this sector only. Of its species, 16 are considered threatened in the endemics known to inhabit the Park (Appendix 10). Cuba: 7 amphibians and 9 reptiles. This represents Even more important than this impressive degree of 58.3% and 34.6% of total species, respectively. One endemism is the presence of six species endemic to species is considered Critically Endangered, 2 are Cuba’s Eastern Mountains as well as two amphibians Endangered, and 13 are Vulnerable (Appendix 10). and nine reptiles endemic to the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion. Of these last species, four live only within Cupeyal del Norte Sector the Park (Appendix 10), and one, Anolis toldo, is a Nine amphibians (all of which are frogs) and local endemic that (to date) is only known to inhabit 25 reptiles (19 lizards, 5 snakes, and 1 turtle), belonging the Altiplanicie El Toldo (the El Toldo high plateau), to 11 genera and 10 families, inhabit this sector in Holguín Province. (Appendix 10). We predict an additional 4 amphibians Historically, herpetologists have paid more attention to this sector than others, and consequently there have been more expeditions and collections. As a and 2 reptiles for this sector, considering their wide distribution in the Park. The number of endemic species is the lowest result, several species have been described from material compared to the other sectors (Appendix 10): 77.8% of collected here, a large number of specimens originating its recorded amphibian and 72.0% of its reptile species from La Melba are deposited in collections, and there are endemic. Of Cuba’s known endemics inhabiting the have been a significant number of publications, all of Park, this sector harbors only 38.9% of the amphibian which increase the number of records for this sector. and 52.9% of the reptile species. Six species are exclusive Of the threatened species in the Park, to Cuba’s Eastern Mountains, and five are endemic to the 18 inhabit this sector: 69.2% of the amphibians and Sagua-Baracoa Subregion. Of these, one amphibian and 33.3% of the reptiles. One species is categorized as one reptile inhabit only Park territory. There are four Critically Endangered, 3 are Endangered, and 14 are species whose distributions extend only in this sector, Vulnerable (Appendix 10). although they are found in sites outside of the Park. Ojito de Agua Sector and lowest number of endemic species recorded in the This sector harbors 12 amphibian and 26 reptile species Park. This is due to lack of research, as demonstrated in 12 genera and 9 families (Appendix 10). Specifically, by the fact that at least six species predicted (based on there are 11 frogs, 1 toad, 18 lizards, and 8 snakes. We their large geographical and ecological distributions) to believe that Anolis argenteolus could also be present occur in the area have not yet been recorded. Cupeyal del Norte has the lowest species richness since its range throughout the Park is large and it has relatively high ecological tolerance. The sector also has high endemism: 91.7% inhabit this sector: 5 amphibians and 6 reptiles, representing 55.6% of the sector’s total number of for amphibians and 80.8% for reptiles (Appendix 10). amphibians and 24.0% of its reptiles. No Critically Its representation of species endemic to Cuba is also Endangered species lives in this sector, while only 3 high; of those Cuban endemics in the Park, 61.1% of Endangered species and 8 Vulnerable species do inhabit the amphibian species and 61.8% of the reptile species Cupeyal del Norte (Appendix 10). This low number of inhabit this sector. Four of its species are endemic to threatened species may be an indirect consequence of the Cuba’s Eastern Mountains, two amphibian and six overall low number of species recorded for this sector. reptile species are exclusive to Sagua-Baracoa. Three of 198 The smallest number of threatened species RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 THREATS Habitat destruction and fragmentation are the biggest threats to the survival of the Park’s amphibians and reptiles. Deforestation (indiscriminate clearing of large areas), open surface mining, and uncontrolled agriculture cause this destruction and fragmentation. These are potential threats for the entire Park, and they are actual threats in certain areas. Another threat, especially to the amphibians, is groundwater and surface water contamination from mining residuals and waste produced during coffee processing. Both activities liberate organic and inorganic parts of the world (Barinaga 1990; Wake 1991) and in Latin America in particular (Hedges 1993; Joglar and Burrowes 1996). This does not mean that Cuba’s species are unaffected, however. In reality, there are not enough baseline research or monitoring studies to judge the status of Cuba’s reptile and amphibian populations. It has been shown that most species in decline live above 500 m altitude and have some level of association with bodies of water (Lips et al. 2003). Since several of the Park’s species possess these characteristics, the possibility that the protected area’s amphibian populations are declining cannot be discarded. contaminants, which are carried to (non-point pollution) or directly dumped (point pollution) in the RECOMMENDATIONS water, with direct consequences (still unknown) for the Protection and management amphibians, especially for those species with eggs and Diminish or eradicate unregulated agriculture and aquatic developmental stages. unauthorized forest clearing in the Park. Increasing Two introduced species, the domestic dog environmental education programs with the Park’s (Canis familiaris) and house cat (Felis catus), also inhabitants could be an avenue to help decrease these threaten the Park’s amphibians and reptiles because damaging activities. once they become feral, they hunt these species. Both Coffee-processing plants should be continually members from this rapid inventory and Park staff have monitored and regulated to guarantee that measures are observed this threat. Predation is not selective, and any in place to eliminate waste dumping into the rivers, species may be captured. which harms amphibians. Another threat is our general lack of knowledge. Feral dog and cat control and eradication plans Several areas in the Park have yet to be studied, and are being implemented in the Park, and they are a good information on the herpetofauna of other areas, Cupeyal option for resolving this threat. However, additional del Norte for example, is insufficient. Many aspects of resources and financing are needed to implement plans these species’ natural histories are also unknown, for more efficiently and throughout the Park. example habitat use and food. This information is Increasing environmental education programs essential when developing conservation strategies and that emphasize the importance of conserving the Cuban planning effective management actions for the area. iguana and the Cuban boa could help to eliminate or Hunting and collecting impact two reptiles, the Cuban iguana (Cyclura nubila) and the Cuban boa reduce their capture, thereby supporting their protection in the Park. (locally known as “majá de Santa María,” Epicrates angulifer, Fig. 7E). These two species, both included on Research IUCN’s Red List (IUCN 2004), are captured for food, Studying the effects of contaminated water on amphibians and in the case of the boa, most people kill it on sight (from mining and coffee processing activities) will help because they are afraid of it or are worried that it will improve regulation and will help to understand why such kill their chickens. control is needed in the first place. Amphibian declines and extinctions have not been documented in Cuba as they have been in other The overall impact from introduced species on amphibians and reptiles is unknown. Studies should CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 199 be carried out to answer this question, which our work, we obtained information about the area’s will help improve feral dog and cat control and herpetofauna, which we present here. Altiplanicie El Toldo is located within Alejandro eradication measures. Studies to estimate the population sizes of de Humboldt National Park and administratively, it is amphibian and reptile species with restricted distributions, divided in two sectors: La Melba and Ojito de Agua. and of the two reptiles killed by humans, are needed Since this high plateau is one geographic, landscape, and to understand the “health” of their populations. This biological unit, we feel it is important to present research information is needed to recommend management results characterizing the plateau’s amphibian and reptile measures, and would serve as baseline data for fauna in a stand-alone chapter. In this chapter, we analyze the herpetofauna monitoring actions. in the Altiplanicie El Toldo, considering species Additional inventories composition and richness, endemism, and distribution We are just beginning to understand the Park’s in vegetation types. herpetofauna, and therefore other inventories are needed in unstudied and understudied areas. For example, the herpetofauna of Cupeyal del Norte is poorly known and a large part of this sector has not been explored herpetologically at all. Completing these inventories will not only contribute to completing the species list, it will help establish baseline information about their abundance and state of these populations. METHODS The Altiplanicie El Toldo extends almost 100 km2. Its average height is 800 m and its highest altitude is 1,109 m at El Toldo Peak. It is located towards the north-central zone of the Sagua-Baracoa Subregion, in Cuba’s Eastern Region. The plateau receives water from three rivers, the Jaguaní, Piloto, and Jaragua, which are all tributaries of Toa River. Ecological monitoring Amphibian monitoring programs should be established in different parts of the Park to detect early signs of species declines or extinctions and carry out necessary actions before it is too late. We conducted five expeditions, 28 days each, during September-October 1996, February-March, June, and November 1997, and September 1998. In addition, in May 2001 and June 2004, Fong and Viña Dávila visited the zone for 2 and 7 days respectively, to obtain data and make collections. AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE ALTIPLANICIE EL TOLDO In the first expedition, we established two square plots (100 m per side) in each vegetation type, situating them so that two sides were oriented north to Authors: Ansel Fong G., Nicasio Viña Dávila, and Nicasio Viña Bayés south and two east to west. In each plot, we outlined a rectangular, interior trail by pruning (minimally) shrub and herbaceous vegetation enough to permit passage INTRODUCTION and observation. We used this trail for observations and Between 1996 and 1998, a team of Cuban biologists making collections during our trips in 1996-1998. and geographers studied the geographic, floristic, and 200 To collect data, we walked the trails four times faunistic characteristics of the Altiplanicie El Toldo per day (twice in the morning, and twice in the afternoon) (the El Toldo High Plateau), in Holguín Province, Cuba, for two consecutive days in each plot. We also conducted to complete an environmental impact study requested observations along random routes and sampling points by participating institutions (Viña et al. 1998b). During (diurnal and nocturnal) in each vegetation type, which RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 provided data about the composition and distribution of itself. It is home to 65.0% of the amphibians and 57.1% the area’s fauna. We also noted casual observations, for of the reptiles known to exist in the entire protected area. example, when we were moving from one sample site to another. In the plots and random sampling areas, Note that we did not include Sphaerodactylus torrei in the species list, despite the fact that we collected it several times between 1996 and 1997. This small we used visual encounter surveys of medium intensity gekko is found always between walls and roofs of wood (Crump and Scott 1994), such that we examined all buildings in the zone, which we used for lodging during possible microhabitats in which amphibians and the expeditions. It appears that this species was reptiles seek refuge — f rom the ground to the trees introduced into the area by man, in the construction — by turning rocks and fallen trunks, raking leaf litter, materials or equipment brought to the zone from observing the branches and stems/trunks of plants, Santiago de Cuba where this species originates. The and checking bromeliads. We noted the vegetation individuals seen and collected belong to the subspecies type and microhabitat for each individual observed. S. torrei torrei, which is limited to the city of Santiago de We deposited collected specimens at the herpetological Cuba and surrounding areas (Schwartz and Henderson collection of the Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas 1991), corroborating our suspicion. Since 1998, we have y Biodiversidad (BIOECO). not found the species, and we assume that it was unable We sampled in Altiplanicie El Toldo’s four to establish a population here. vegetation types (nomenclature according to Reyes, in press): Lowland and submontane rainforest growing on Species endemism soils of ophiolite origin (sclerophyll rainforests), Pinus Endemism is also elevated (Appendix 11), represented cubensis pine grove, cloud charrascal, and secondary by 92.3% in amphibians and 83.3% in reptiles. These scrubland. For more on these vegetation types, see values are equal or greater than the percentages for the Capote et al. (1997) and Reyes (in press). Sagua-Baracoa Subregion and Cuba’s Eastern Region. We classified the species according to abundance The number of endemic species per group is a significant as common (if we observed the species during every visit); portion of the total number of endemics recorded in the uncommon (if we found it during 3 or 4 of the visits); Park (66.7% of the endemic amphibians, 58.8% of the and rare (if we only observed it during 1 or 2 of the endemic reptiles) and in Sagua-Baracoa (42.9% of the visits). We only considered the five trips made during endemic amphibians, 43.5% of the endemic reptiles). 1996-1998 for this classification system. Endemism of these groups is divided as follows: 16 species are endemic to Cuba, 5 are endemic to the RESULTS mountains of Eastern Cuba, and 11 are endemic to the Species richness Sagua-Baracoa Subregion. Only 5 of the species recorded The herpetofauna of Altiplanicie El Toldo includes 13 amphibians and 24 reptiles belonging to 9 families and 11 genera (Appendix 11). These figures suggest that this high plateau is an important center of herpetological biodiversity within the Eastern Region in particular, and in Cuba in general. It covers only 1.2% of the SaguaBaracoa Subregion yet harbors 41.9% and 39.3% of all of amphibians and reptiles recorded in the massif. Likewise, it represents an important species reserve within the Park in the Altiplanicie El Toldo are found outside Cuba as well; it should be noted that 4 of those 5 are endemic to the Antilles, making this high plateau important not only for Cuba but also for the Caribbean in general. One species, Anolis toldo, inhabits only this high plateau. This anole is known from two specimens, one used to describe the species and a second, captured by N. Viña and L. O. Melián in June 2004 in a similar habitat and microhabitat as the first individual (on a branch of a shrub in the rainforest). CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 201 DISCUSSION genus were not found in any other vegetation type. In The presence of 14 Anolis species makes the Altiplanicie El Toldo one of the places in Cuba and the Antilles with the most species richness of this genus, along with Meseta de Cabo Cruz and Carso de Baire addition, Ameiva auberi and Leiocephalus macropus are two terrestrial lizards that are accustomed to living beside roads and in surrounding areas, places that are associated with this vegetation type. We found that 5 species inhabit all or almost (Garrido and Hedges 2001). This is a high number of species in sympatry, which seem to divide the structural niche by different uses of the horizontal and vertical habitat. Other genera with various species include Eleutherodactylus and Tropidophis (Figs. 7A, 7D). We concur with Garrido and Hedges (2001) that it would be very interesting to know how these groups of sympatric species separate their ecological niches. In the case of Leiocephalus, although there are only two species in the high plateau, their horizontal all vegetation types, but 18 species are found in only one type, indicating that these species have a certain level of specialization. Most are exclusive to sclerophyll rainforests, one is exclusively in pine grove, and one in charrascal. The other 5 species are found only in secondary scrub. Most species are common and we observed them at least four of the five times we visited the site between 1996 and 1998. Only 6 species are rare, that is, we only observed or collected them during one or separation is great: L. macropus occupies the majority of rarely two trips. The number of these rare species was also the territory, while L. cubensis lives on Pico El Toldo and small; generally we only observed 1 or 2 individuals. In from there towards the northern limit of the plateau to the city of Moa, which is outside of the study area. Another interesting record is the presence of two small, phylogenetically closely related frogs, E. iberia contrast, the common species were also the ones with the most individuals, especially Anolis allogus, A. alutaceus, A. inexpectata, A. rubribarbus, Eleutherodactylus auriculatus, E. dimidiatus, and E. guantanamera. and E. limbatus. They probably occur closer to each other on the plateau than at any other site. Nonetheless, they still maintain a significant horizontal separation. The first seems to live in the upper part of the plateau (not many specimens were collected) and the other lives on the southern border, almost outside of the protected area, on a steep slope descending from 800 m to 300 m altitude in the Jaguaní River. We found most of the species (67.6%) in the sclerophyll rainforest, (Appendix 11). Only 24.3% of the total number of species are present in the charrascal. These results coincide with our data obtained in the same vegetation types in other parts of Cuba (Fong and Viña, unpublished data), where rainforests support large communities of amphibians and reptiles. In contrast, charrascals are scarce in amphibians and reptiles. In secondary scrub and pine grove, we found 202 BIRDS Participants / Authors: Andrew Farnsworth, Douglas Stotz, Luis Omar Melián, Kenneth Rosenberg, Eduardo Iñigo-Elias, Freddy Santana Rodriguez, and Gerardo Begué Conservation targets: Giant Kingbird (Tyrannus cubensis), Cuban Parrot (Amazona leucocephala), Cuban Crow (Corvus nasicus), Cuban Parakeet (Aratinga euops), Gundlach’s Hawk (Accipiter gundlachi), Masked Duck (Nomonyx dominicus), Bee Hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae), Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus), and Gray-fronted Quail-dove (Geotrygon caniceps); migrant landbirds from North America; and Cuban Kite (Chondrohierax uncinatus wilsonii ) and Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis bairdi ), if present in the area INTRODUCTION Alejandro de Humboldt National Park, and Cuchillas del 37.8% of the recorded species. Reptiles (10 species) and Toa Biosphere Reserve (of which the Park is the core area) especially snakes contribute to this relatively high value comprise the most important biodiversity hotspot in the for secondary vegetation (Appendix 11). All of the snakes whole Caribbean. From an avian perspective, the area is use this vegetation, and three species of the Tropidophis perhaps most important as the final home of Cuban Ivory- RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis bairdi) and The habitat at El 26 was mainly shrubby forest on Cuban Kite (Chondrohierax uncinatus wilsonii). serpentine soils rich in endemics but low in diversity, However, systematic surveys to locate these species have with widely scattered pines (Pinus maestrensis). not been carried out for more than 30 years. The Park In the ravines, mainly below 450 m, there was a maintains important populations of other threatened bird more diverse evergreen rainforest with 30-m emergent species and is likely crucial as a stopover site for migrating trees. Moskovits provided additional observations at passerines. There has been little published work on the El 26, while Barksdale and Budney provided some birds of this part of Cuba. The most significant are observations while recording and filming birds Alayón (1987) and Alayón et al. (1987), which provide around Cocalito. 1 We used the following techniques to assess lists of birds seen in some parts of the Park. At the time of the last flurry of Ivory-billed sightings in the 1980s, several groups focused their fieldwork on pine areas the presence and abundance of species in the area: ■ west of the current surveys. A recent review of the 8-minute and 10-minute point-count observations, from a fixed location with unlimited detection situation (Lammertink and Estrada 1995) suggests that distance and 200 m between each fixed observation the species is now extinct in Cuba. However, BirdLife point, with approximately 10 points per morning on International (2000) considers this species as Critically six mornings at the Cocalito and El 26 camps Endangered, and given its recent rediscovery in the southern United States, there is hope that it may still ■ 15-minute transect counts, with unlimited detection distance and pishing to attract birds in occur in eastern Cuba. the initial 2 minutes of every period, and between minutes 10 and 11, with 15 counts per morning METHODS on two different mornings La Melba and Baracoa Sectors ■ We surveyed birds in lowland and mid-elevation pishing to attract birds within a fixed area usually forests in the La Melba and Baracoa Sectors of the Park delimited by topographic or anthropogenic boundary from 12 to 22 February 2004. We established two (e.g., steep ridge, road cut) base camps in the La Melba Sector, at Cocalito (at 100 m altitude) and El 26 (at 400 m). We surveyed the Area searches, with no time or distance limits, using ■ Continuous transects along rivers or road cuts, with areas around these camps from 12 to 18 February on 15- or 30-minute observation periods and pishing to foot using a preexisting series of trails. From 19 to attract birds 22 February we camped at Bahia del Taco, and used ■ 30-minute “skywatch” counts at the Cocalito camp, it as a base to explore areas within the lowlands and from open areas along the Jaguaní River during mid- lower foothills of the Baracoa Sector, including day periods, specifically to survey for diurnal Nuevo Mundo. migrants such as raptors and swallows At the Cocalito camp, Rodríguez-Santana, ■ Begué, Farnsworth, Rosenberg, and Iñigo-Elias surveyed tall rainforest (pluvisilva) along the Jaguaní River at around 100 m altitude. Melián and Stotz surveyed the area around El 26 between 200 and 700 m, with most observations concentrated between 350 and 450 m. 1 Special counts (e.g., flocks, call counting, playback combination in conjunction with scanning for perched birds), specifically for surveys of rare species or species of special interest, such as Gundlach’s Hawk, Cuban Parakeet, Cuban Parrot, Giant Kingbird, and Cuban Crow The Cuban subspecies of the Hook-billed Kite (C. uncinatus wilsonii ) is sometimes treated as a distinct species (C. wilsonii ), and was included on the most recent threatened species lists (BirdLife International 2000). CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 203 RESULTS Neotropical migrants were only moderate compared By locality with higher elevation sites, diversity of migrants was We recorded 98 species within the Park, including 12 endemic species, and 8 threatened species (not counting the Cuban Crow). Based on previous work in these areas (Melián, Rodríguez, and Begué unpublished), we estimate that roughly 150 species occur in the Park. Most of the species not recorded on our surveys are either seasonal migrants or occur in habitats not visited in 2004. We recorded 75 species in the La Melba Sector (52 species at El 26 and 63 at the Cocalito stream) and 81 species in the Baracoa Sector (74 at Bahía Taco, 33 at Cayo Guam, 55 at Nuevo Mundo, and 41 at Yamanigüey) (Appendix 12 and Fig. 8). Most endemic birds occur widely across Cuba, and generally these species are common where they occur. We found this to be true in the Park. Below, we make special note of several areas we visited. We recorded data for 46 point counts in rainforest at Cocalito, in which we covered over 8.6 km during 11 hours and 30 minutes. We did 30 point counts at the El 26 camp. We also recorded 37 counts on transects along the Jaguaní River, in charrascal near Yamanigüey, in mangroves near Bahia de Taco, and at Nuevo Mundo, covering over 12 km during 24 horas. Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorus), and Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus). El 26 Cuban Parrots, Cuban Parakeets, and Cuban Crows were common at this site, but did not roost in the area. The parakeet seemed only to travel through the area; we observed them only in fast-moving flocks above the vegetation. We observed Gundlach’s Hawk regularly in several ravines below camp. Unlike Cocalito, Oriente Warbler was common at this site, mainly in the taller forest along ravines. Most of the migrants observed here occurred in mixed species flocks led by this species. However, fruiting trees, especially Schefflera (Araliaceae), in eastern Cuba that we observed here included Goldenwinged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera), Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica), and Wilson’s Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla). Yamanigüey We found very low densities of birds in the charrascal habitat, a low scrub on serpentine soils notable for its high plant endemism. Two different parties of multiple Cocalito Noteworthy species that occurred in large numbers included Cuban Parrots (Amazona leucocephala), Cuban Parakeets (Aratinga euops), and Cuban Crows (Corvus nasicus), mostly in forest along the Jaguaní River. Gundlach’s Hawk (Accipiter gundlachi) was also seen on most days in several sites. We observed several hunting attempts by Gundlach’s Hawk on Cuban Parakeets. We also made two observations of courtship flights by two pairs of the Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) along the Jaguaní River. Conspicuously absent was Oriente Warbler (Teretistris fornsi), as were the attendant mixed-species flocks characteristic of higher elevations. Although densities of wintering RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S will’s-widow (Caprimulgus carolinensis), Swainson’s Warbler (Lymnothlypis swainsoni), Worm-eating also attracted many migrants. Migrants rarely encountered La Melba and Baracoa 204 high. Uncommon species observed here include Chuck- I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 observers each observed fewer than 10 total individual birds during a morning of observation in the charrascal habitat on the low hills near the town of Yamanigüey. We do not know whether this is characteristic of the habitat type or whether local and rare weather conditions played a role. We did observe more expected numbers of birds in patches of Cuban pine and riparian vegetation adjacent to the charrascal. Mangroves We visited several mangrove sites near Bahia de Taco. High numbers of wintering migrant species were present in most of the mangroves we visited, including large numbers of Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus important stronghold for this species. We also observed novaboracensis). two individual Gundlach’s Hawks at sea level near the Bahia de Taco field station. Nuevo Mundo This area harbored a small population of at least Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus) 12 breeding pairs of the Giant Kingbirds (Tyrannus The endemic Cuban subspecies of this widespread cubensis) as well as substantial numbers of parrots, species is considered threatened (Garrido and crows, woodpeckers, and other endemics (e.g., large Kirkconnell 2000). We observed small numbers at both numbers of Cuban Pygmy-Owls, Glaucidium siju). Cocalito and El 26. The Park may harbor a significant We also recorded high densities of wintering migrant population of this forest species, but the density was species. This area may be an important habitat for low in the area we surveyed. conservation efforts of the Giant Kingbird Gray-fronted Quail-Dove (Geotrygon caniceps) Threatened species We found this species in the La Melba and Baracoa Masked Duck (Nomonyx dominicus) Sectors. Two individuals were observed at Cocalito, and On February 19, Budney observed a single male of a single bird was seen above Nuevo Mundo. A survey of this widespread but rare and poorly known species, this species at a time when birds are vocalizing is at Bahia de Taco in a small marshy pond near the imperative to understand its distribution and abundance. highway. Further observations at the pond did not result in any more encounters with the species, but it could Cuban Parrot (Amazona leucocephala) have remained hidden in the marsh vegetation. Masked We recorded Cuban Parrot on all days at La Melba Ducks occur in small numbers in marshes throughout (Fig. 8A). These birds were associated with flowering Cuba but are considered threatened on the island. Erythrina (Fabaceae) trees, both in cultivated coffee Whether there is a resident population scattered among farms along the Jaguaní River and scattered through small coastal marshes in this region or whether this was the rainforest. We counted up to 25 individuals in one a wandering bird was not determined. point-count, feeding on Erythrina, citrus, and other trees in a farm and forest ecotone close to La Melba. Gundlach’s Hawk (Accipiter gundlachi) Smaller numbers of parrots also fed on Schefflera fruits A population of this Cuban endemic clearly exists on ridges above the river, and pairs or small flocks were in the La Melba Sector. We found this species to be observed crossing high over the Jaguaní River valley, up highly territorial in the La Melba area, responding to 11 pairs in 35 minutes of observation after 6:00 pm. intensely to the playback of audio tapes. Furthermore, We also observed small numbers of Cuban Parrots near we observed evidence of successful hunting of this sea level near Bahia de Taco and at Nuevo Mundo. In species, which apparently targeted columbids almost these areas, the birds were associated with cultivated exclusively, with the exception of several attempts on palms and other trees. Amazona and Aratinga. We estimate at least two to three pairs in the areas we surveyed along the Jaguaní Cuban Parakeet (Aratinga euops) River, and another two or three pairs in ravines at We encountered small flocks of Cuban Parakeet in the higher elevations near El 26. Extrapolating to account vicinity of La Melba (Fig. 8D). This species seemed to for quality habitat and the large area of appropriate concentrate around a feeding resource of Erythrina trees habitat, it seems likely that this area represents an near the town of La Melba. We also observed small flocks 5-8 km downriver from the town, flying overhead CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 205 and occasionally feeding on Schefflera. A maximum of Bee Hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae) 39 parakeets were observed along the vegetation in the We visited Cayo Guam on 18-20 February 2004 Jaguaní River near La Melba. to search for this species because Rodríguez-Santana Giant Kingbird (Tyrannus cubensis) previously observed an individual in this area in August. While we found numerous Cuban Emeralds, we did not We found approximately 12 pairs of this species in find any Bee Hummingbird. It appears that the Bee the Nuevo Mundo area of the Baracoa Sector (Fig. 8B). Hummingbird uses this site seasonally, and as such this The distribution of this species is not well understood. area could represent an important stopover or non- We knew that the Giant Kingbird was registered in breeding area. Little is known about the movements of this area and were alert for its presence. But we do not this species, so the exact use and relative importance of know for certain if this species occurs only in this valley this area are unclear. Bee Hummingbird could easily be in this area or why it would be so restricted. Because of a resident in the Park, especially at higher elevations or its apparent rarity, we believe this area requires a major in areas with regular availability of flower blossoms. inventory for this species with an assessment of seasonal Movements or internal migrations between feeding sites abundance patterns, population trajectories, mortality, have been reported in Siboney (south of Santiago de requirements, and threats. We found individuals feeding Cuba) by Rodríguez-Santana (unpublished data). on the fruits of royal palms (Roystonea regia), and More information is needed to understand the species’ frequently found them vocalizing from the highest distribution in the Park. perches in the area. Though we did not survey other valleys in the area, the presence of Giant Kingbirds in Rare migrants some of them seems at least plausible — the habitat Bahama Swallow (Tachycineta cyaneoviridis) looks similar in these valleys and is nearby. On 15 February 2004, Farnsworth observed a flock of Bahama Swallow (Tachycineta cyaneoviridis) See comments below under Rare Migrants. Cuban Crow (Corvus nasicus) Although not considered threatened throughout Cuba (Garrido and Kirkconnell 2000), populations of this crow have declined or disappeared in much of eastern Cuba. We found large numbers of Cuban Crow, especially in the La Melba and Baracoa Sectors (Fig. 8C). We observed diurnal roosts of 200 birds (150 in La Melba and 50 in Baracoa), and behavioral and ecological characters not previously reported for this species. The factors that have enabled it to maintain large populations in these areas within the Park are not known. Additionally, we do not know the threshhold value for critical population size necessary to maintain some of the behavioral and ecological interactions we saw. 206 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 11 individuals over the ridges of the Cocalito camp along the Jaguaní River in the La Melba Sector. This group of birds appeared to be migrating in a northwesterly direction. This globally threatened species (BirdLife International 2000) is endemic to the Bahamas as a breeder, where it is very local. Portions of the Park could support small wintering populations of this species. Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus) On 15 February 2004, we observed a single individual migrating high above the Cocalito Camp. The bird first appeared at the limit of binocular range (10 X 42 EL Swarovski) and subsequently soared WNW until it was no longer visible. The La Melba Sector could support a small wintering population of this species, though more likely it uses this area during migration, when small numbers deviate from their normal migration route (western Cuba) and migrate through eastern Cuba to winter in eastern Cuba or on other islands in the Antilles. DISCUSSION Alejandro de Humboldt National Park is home to significant populations of endemic and threatened species of birds. We also found that the species richness and abundance of migrant landbirds within the Park were high. The role of the Park in the ecology of Neotropical migrants that winter in Cuba, and of those that occur as transients, is a central consideration for the management of the region. In particular, the influence of various natural and human-dominated habitats and current land-use practices need to be understood better so that the Park can serve more effectively as a resource for the huge numbers of migrants that use the area. Based on our data, we believe this area is critical for various populations of wintering warblers. However, due to the timing of our visit (February), we did not observe migration in these areas, and we do not know the patterns of use by migrants. An assessment of how long birds spend in different locations, how much weight they gain, and mortality factors at different locations is a necessary step toward understanding the importance of these areas. The Park’s location at the extreme southeastern end of such as Black-throated Blue (Dendroica caerulescens) and Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina, Fig. 8E). The ecological roles of migrants and residents in the Park need significant attention. Wintering migrants from North America occupy a wide breadth of ecological niches in Cuba. How these niches are occupied during the summer when these migrants are gone has received little study. A better understanding of the dynamics of this situation would offer a unique view of the ecology of migrant species and how they fit into a resident community composed of many generalist species. Such a study would also provide a better understanding of the patterns of resource and habitat partitioning among Neotropical migrants, Caribbean migrants, and resident Cuban species. Many regions of the tropics exhibit relationships between birds and fruit. Cuba appears to be no exception: at all sites we visited in the Park we observed many birds consuming fruits. This resource seems to be especially important for larger birds such as Cuban Crow and Cuban Parrot, but we also observed smaller birds using fruit as well, perhaps most notably Giant Kingbird consuming royal palm fruits. Cuba means that the area is likely an important landing site for island-hopping migrants in the spring. This, POTENTIAL THREATS combined with the large area of diverse elevations and Harvest of tall trees habitats, means that the Park may very well be the most Tall trees for nesting and perching might be very important part of Cuba for that subset of migrants that important for a number of species in the La Melba area, primarily winter within the Caribbean. especially Giant Kingbird. Plantations of hardwoods Our observations in the Park indicate that male and females of the same species of warblers use different might be harvested in the next 10 years, which could degrade the available habitats for this species. arrays of habitats and elevations, in accord with recent research in the Caribbean (Wunderle 1995; Latta et al. Coastal development 2003). In addition, different species are concentrated in Because of a high likelihood that very large different habitats and elevational ranges. Therefore, concentrations of migrant birds pass over all coastal multiple habitats are critically important for the winter areas of the Park, the development of tall structures in ecology of different species as well as of populations of the coastal areas could take a tremendous toll on migrant same species. The balance between distribution of males species, as is now well documented elsewhere. and females of a species could be upset if certain habitats or elevations were differentially degraded by human Spraying for control of diseases activity. This is perhaps a greater issue for those species The potential impact of pesticide and herbicide spraying that winter primarily or exclusively in the Caribbean, on large numbers of resident and migrant species CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 207 warrants a highly developed protocol for any potential Giant Kingbird habitat spraying that involves an assessment of any effects on Within the area we surveyed, the population of Giant bird populations. Kingbird is the most significant element for conservation among birds. In the areas of the Park where this species Poaching occurs, management should be focused on creating and Poaching of some species, like Cuban Parakeet and maintaining the appropriate conditions for this species, Cuban Parrot for the pet trade, could threaten the including tall trees for nesting and perching and palms health of their populations. Gundlach’s Hawk, in for feeding. In order to accomplish this goal effectively, addition to other hawks, is hunted because it often research on the ecology of the species will be required. consumes rural farmers’ chickens. In fact, BirdLife International reports this as the main reason why this Further inventories species is considered threatened (Rodríguez-Santana, Cuban Kite and Ivory-billed Woodpecker unpublished data). Currently, no populations of Cuban Kite (Chondrohierax uncinatus wilsonii) or Ivory-billed RECOMMENDATIONS Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis bairdi) are Protection and management known within Cuba, although the most recent records Coastal development for both species come from the region that includes Mangroves and coastal scrub and grassland vegetation should be protected during development in coastal areas. Tourism and ecotourism are already being developed in the region. It is crucial that such tourist development proceed in a manner that directly benefits the Park and the immediately adjacent communities. To accomplish this, the Park needs careful planning and should draw on the examples of successful models elsewhere in Latin America. Once trade is normalized with the United States, the distinct biological elements in the Park and easy access to the region from the North America will provide both opportunities and challenges. The birdlife of the region has unique elements that will be very attractive to ecotourists. The needs of the management of these species should be balanced with the desires of tourists to see these birds. The management needs of conservation target species should take precedence over tourism when conflicts occur. Development can benefit all parties if it proceeds in an environmentally friendly manner. In particular, the design of any tall buildings should be done in a way that does not kill excessive numbers of migrant birds (e.g., no large window panes, or no bright lights during migration season). Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. Determining whether such populations still exist and mapping their location are the highest priorities for bird conservation in the region. Surveys of other endemic and threatened birds The Park has large, important populations of several species of endemics and threatened species, including Gundlach’s Hawk, Cuban Parrot, Cuban Parakeet, Giant Kingbird, and Cuban Crow, as well as smaller populations of Gray-fronted Quail-Dove, Bee Hummingbird, and perhaps Blue-headed Quail-Dove. Documenting the size and distribution of these populations will be a necessary first step in developing management for bird conservation within the Park. Monitoring Endemics The factors driving high densities of endemic species at the sites we visited are unknown. Further studies of the breeding biology, behavioral ecology, and habitat productivity from multiple sites are necessary. Ample opportunities exist for researchers at the graduate and professional level to study populations, to monitor trends, to study behavior, and to gain a better 208 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 understanding of ecological and biological interactions Hunting and capture for pet trade that define the ranges of species. We recommend documenting the effects of hunting Migrants Several studies are needed to clarify the ecological and poaching birds for the pet trade. We also recommend studying poaching effects on populations of Cuban Parrots. roles of migrants and residents in the Park, and should include banding, point and transect counts, counts of West Nile virus visual migration of birds during morning flight, acoustic Population surveys are needed to determine the potential monitoring of nocturnal migrants, winter surveys of and real effects of the West Nile virus on crows and other migrant populations, and winter survivorship. migrant species (e.g., Chuck-will’s-widow). Research Use of fruit resources Cavity-nesting species We observed many birds consuming fruits at all sites we What are the requirements for secondary-cavity nesting visited in the Park. The importance of this resource for the species in the Park? Which species create cavities, and local avifauna requires further study, including research on are there preferences among species in their choice of the seasonal pattern of fruit use relative to seasonal cavities excavated by certain species? Are cavities patterns of movements, the degree to which migrant limiting to secondary-cavity nesters in the region? If so, species use fruit resources, and a quantitative assessment evaluating a nest box program for Cuban Parrots would of the importance of fruit in the diets of local birds. be appropriate. Habitat use Impacts of animals on ground-nesting species and We recommend studies of the habitat availability and understory vegetation use by the Giant Kingbird, and a study of the natural What are the effects of pigs, goats, and other feral history of the species in the region. or introduced animals on the survivorship of groundnesting birds and the health of the understory vegetation community? MAMMALS Shade coffee Participants / Authors: Gerardo Begué Quiala and Jorge L. Delgado Labañino How important are shade coffee plantations for resident and migrant species? What population densities of these bird species do shade coffee plantations support, and how do these differ from non-shade coffee, secondary forest, and primary forest? Studies of historical biogeography What are the historical patterns of bird species occurrence in the Park? This will require a full Conservation targets: The almiquí (Solenodon cubanus), an endemic and threatened insectivore; manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus), a threatened species; two endemic hutia species (Mysateles melanurus and Capromys pilorides) whose populations are seriously threatened by capture in the Park; endemic bats (Phyllonypteris poeyi and Phyllops falcatus falcatus); significant populations of bats in the area (Tadarida brasiliensis muscula, Brachyphylla nana, Erophylla sezekorni, and Monophyllus redmani); and karstic sites (in limited areas within the Park) essential to maintaining the cave-dwelling bat species assessment of local community knowledge and a full review of any previous research activities in the Park. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 209 INTRODUCTION RESULTS The existence of intact, well-conserved tropical Combining our work with data from other publications rainforests within Alejandro de Humboldt National allowed us to compile a list of 16 mammal species in Park guarantees the survival of populations of almiquí the Park (Appendix 13), all with living populations. (the “Cuban solenodon”), a very “primitive” animal Of these, 5 are established exotic species and the rest of significant scientific and ecological importance for are natives. Five species are endemic to Cuba: 2 bats, Cuban fauna. In addition, these biotic conditions, plus 2 hutias, and the almiquí. aspects such as relief, geomorphology, and the state of vegetative conservation and diversity, have contributed Insectivora (almiquí) to create niches for two endemic rodents: jutía andaraz This is a threatened (IUCN 2004) species, very rare in (Mysateles melanurus) and jutía conga (Capromys the Park (Figs. 9A–C). We know from secondary clues pilorides). The first is only present in the provinces — such as caves or dens, fresh scat, and trails, and from from Granma to Guantánamo (Kratochvil et al. 1978). a recent capture (and subsequent release) in La Melba Members of the Order Chiroptera (the bats) are (Begué et al. 2004) — that significant populations of practically unstudied (Borroto et al. 2002). With almiquí (Solenodon cubanus) exist in the La Melba and additional inventories and research, the number of Ojito de Agua Sectors. This evidence suggests that their known bat species for the Park will certainly increase. populations are distributed in patches, some separated In this report, we present the Park’s complete by 15 to 20 km with physical barriers that individual mammal list and we provide data regarding mammal almiquís cannot overcome, such as rivers, steep natural distribution per sector, as well as identify principal threats walls, and slopes. affecting, or that could affect, these species if conservation and management measures are not implemented. The habitats in which we have found evidence coincide with the best-conserved and undisturbed vegetation types: rainforests with a thick leaf litter layer. Here, the almiquís take advantage of the extensive METHODS The information presented here is a compilation of knowledge gained from several years working in the area, as well as data from expeditions and general research conducted by a large number of national and international institutions. In addition, we carried out an exhaustive bibliographic review that included publications by Kratochvil et al. (1978), Rams et al. (1989), Viña et al. (1998a), Mancina and García (2000), and Borroto et al. (2002), among others. We registered mammals using direct methods (individual observations, transects, catch and release, marking) and indirect clues (tracks, dens, scat, trails, and others). We also relied on information provided by local people in nearby communities. We identified the species on site and used keys for some groups, such as the bats that we captured in mist nets. horizontal root systems of large trees to make their dens, which can have one to nine entrances, and tunnels from 50 to 600 cm in length that run parallel to the surface or penetrate the soil at inclines up to 45° (Abreu et al. 1988). Chiroptera (bats) We registered seven bat species in the Park, dominated by Phyllostomidae (six species, Fig. 9D), with one Molossidae. We predict that there are at least another seven bat species in the Park. Our prediction is based on the fact that our sampling methods do not cover all existing strata and the fact that the area’s bats have not been studied previously. Four of these seven species are strictly cave-dwelling bats, which is why conserving the few karstic sites within the Park is an essential requirement for maintaining their populations. The phyllostomid bats are among the key vertebrate species in natural 210 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 ecosystems because many plants depend on them for relationship with native and endemic species have been pollination and seed dispersal. conducted, even though they would be extremely useful We have captured seven individuals of the subspecies Phyllops falcatus falcatus, which is endemic for management purposes. The common dog (Canis familiaris) is an to the Cuban archipelago and considered rare (see Silva opportunistic species with great ecological flexibility, that Taobada 1979). This species is tree-dwelling and is, it is capable of colonizing a great number of habitats. solitary, and it seems to prefer well conserved forests, Individuals disperse easily and compete with and displace although it has been captured in other parts of Cuba in endemic and native fauna. According to our results (Begué vegetation types with varying degrees of disturbance et al. 2001), there is an elevated influx of domesticated (Mancina and García 2000). dogs that have escaped and turned feral. No thorough studies have been completed regarding their populations Other species or ecology (such as their population dynamics, conduct, There is one population of manatees (Trichechus predator-prey relationship, reproduction, among others), manatus manatus) in Bahía de Taco, in the Baracoa or relationship with other fauna groups — all of which Sector (Fig. 4D). The manatee is a native threatened would help in the design of proper management measures. species, categorized as Vulnerable on IUCN’s Red List The house cat (Felis catus) is an agile carnivore, (IUCN 2004) and included in Appendix I of the and an effective climber (more so than the dog). It feeds Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species on native fauna, principally amphibians, reptiles, birds, (CITES). Historically, this species has been poached and mammals. The cat has caused native species to because its meat is highly valued. In addition, many disappear from other Caribbean islands (Lever 1994). individuals die from collisions with boat propellers. Varona (1983) suggests that the cat is possibly the Bahía de Taco’s population has never been studied. almiquí’s (Solenodon cubanus) main enemy because it Two hutia species live in the area: jutía can enter its dens, but does not support this claim with andaraz (Mysateles melanurus) and jutía conga data or provide evidence of cat predation of almiquí. (Capromys pilorides). Locals from nearby communities Nonetheless, we captured cats in places where we enter the Park to hunt them. Population studies completed placed traps for almiquís and in habitats where they are to date are not enough to implement management and likely to find prey (Begué et al. 2004). No studies have conservation measures with certainty. Very little is known been conducted regarding this species’ populations, about the Mysateles melanurus ecology, its population ecology, or its relation with other fauna groups. dynamics, or the state of its population. To date, the only Wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations are found research conducted in the Park is that of Borroto et al. in the most inhospitable and isolated areas of the Park. (2002), and their studies were in very specific areas. It is an all-around predator because its violent rooting habits considerably affect the understory, and any animal Introduced species that happens to be on the soil in its path is devoured. In the Park, five introduced species have established Because of the impacts it causes and because it is a source populations: two rodents, two carnivores, and one of bush meat, wild boars are also an attraction for illegal artiodactyl. The two rodents are the black rat (Rattus hunters in the area, whose negligence increases the rattus) and the house mouse (Mus musculus). The latter possibility of forest fires and who cause impacts on other species has only been seen in Park installations and in resources in the area. Because of hunting pressure, the neighboring communities. The black rat is distributed populations of wild boars fluctuate. There are times when throughout the area, with high densities. No ecological, the number of individuals increases, as estimated by ethological, or population studies, or studies of its indirect visual clues such as the existence of large areas CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 211 where soil and vegetation are turned up, the presence of many wallows, and easy-to-find trails and paths. KNOWLEDGE AND USE OF FAUNA Author: Zoe Marylín Álvarez Bruno Unlike solitary dogs and cats, boar populations are more concentrated and they travel in small groups. No population studies have been conducted, but there have been some tracking efforts of their presence. INTRODUCTION Wildlife richness has diminished in different parts of the country because of conversion of natural areas to agriculture, production forestry, industrialized areas, THREATS The four principal threats to Park mammals are (1) introduction and establishment of exotic fauna, (2) local communities’ hunting efforts to capture animals for game meat (hutias, wild boars, and others), (3) forest fires, and (4) mining prospecting studies. and urban zones (González Novo and García Díaz 1998). Yet, national flora and fauna are part of our heritage, so we should guarantee development that is integrated, harmonious, and stable with nature and society (Cuevas and García 1982). One of Cuba’s main concerns is protecting these mountainous ecosystems and their rainforests, which are RECOMMENDATIONS important centers of evolution, diversity, and dispersion of Protection and management Cuban flora and fauna and which contain significant Implement a comprehensive system of vigilance and levels of endemism. The purpose of this study is to conservation education that focuses on community evaluate the use and knowledge of the local fauna in the actions within the Park, and at the same time develop communities of La Melba (Arroyo Bueno) and Piedra La a plan for protection and vigilance that guarantees Vela, both within Alejandro de Humboldt National Park’s ecosystem integrity and safeguards species from forest rainforests (Figs. 3A, 10). fires or other disasters. METHODS Research I conducted this research between April 1997 and To understand better the structure and population September 1998. I worked with randomly selected dynamics of introduced fauna, studies focusing on their samples from two communities: 47 people in La Melba population biology, ecology, and distribution should be intensified. Based on the results, management actions Table 6. Survey used during interviews with inhabitants. should be developed to mitigate threats. Profession: ____________________ Schooling:___________________________ Additional inventories Place of work: ________________ Occupation: _________________________ We recommend conducting inventories of the groups Questionnaire: for which additional species are predicted and those that have serious gaps in information, such as the bats. 1) What wildlife from the area do you include in your diet? 2) What animals do you raise for consumption? 3) What do you see as the main environmental problem (la principal afectación) in the community? 4) When something new is established in the community, have your criteria been taken into account? Yes ___ No ___ Depends ___ 5) Do you know of any future plans to resolve your communities’ problems? Explain. 6) What undesirable animals live in your community? 7) What animals feed on these undesirable animals that you mentioned? 212 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 (14% of the area’s total population) and 15 inhabitants unpleasant or feared, should be protected because of Piedra La Vela (12.5% of the total population). they are biological control agents. To determine this I conducted a 7-question survey (Table 6), indicator, I used the responses to questions 6 and 7. which contributed to the indicators explained below. To evaluate each indicator, first I summed the (I-3) Use of domesticated component of local fauna total number of responses given by the survey participants diversity — With this indicator, I measured use of to each question. Then I summed similar responses domestic animals, which shows the spectrum of domestic together and then calculated their percentage based on the options compared with wildlife options. I used the total number of responses. I rated the indicators as low responses to question 2 to determine this indicator. (0-32%), medium (33-65%), and high (66-100%). The (I-4) Knowledge of local vectors — I evaluated indicators were: knowledge of disease and parasite vectors in the (I-1) Level of interaction with elements of local community and their identification as such. For this, fauna diversity — With this indicator, I looked for I considered the responses given in question 6. level of awareness of animal diversity. This is one (I-5) Knowledge of biological controlling agents present of the most important aspects to consider since existing knowledge and feelings — such as empathy in the community—A useful starting point for biodiversity or rejection of certain species — determine attitudes protection is if community members know and identify that cause more or less pressure on a particular beneficial species that control undesirable species. I species. I analyzed questions 1, 2, 6, and 7 to evaluated this indicator using responses to question 7. determine this indicator. (I-6) Knowledge of environmental problems that impact (I-2) Knowledge of fauna diversity related to local biodiversity and participation in future community human health — In this case, I measured community development plans and projects — I analyzed whether awareness about the human health benefits associated or not local people identified environmental problems with a group of animals that, while they might be that have some effect on local biodiversity, even if they do Table 7. Wild animals included in local diets in two human communities in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. La Melba Common Name Piedra La Vela Number of times mentioned % Number of times mentioned Common Name % Hutias 15 30 Hutias 6 26.1 Wild boar (feral pigs) 10 20 Bees (i.e., honey, wax) 4 17.4 Birds 9 18 Crows 2 8.6 Cuban boas 5 10 Cuban boas 2 8.6 Hawks 3 6 Cuban parrots 2 8.6 Fish 3 6 Biajacas (freshwater fish) 1 4.3 Blue crabs (jaibas) 2 4 Wild boar (feral pigs) 1 4.3 Shriimp 1 2 Dajaos (freshwater fish) 1 4.3 Feral cats 1 2 Guinea fowl 1 4.3 Feral dogs 1 2 Blue crabs (jaibas) 1 4.3 Hawks 1 4.3 Doves / Pigeons 1 4.3 CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 213 Table 8. List of animals raised in two human communities in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. La Melba Piedra La Vela Number of times mentioned Common Name Hens % Number of times mentioned Common Name 11 % 12 46.1 Hens Pigs 8 30.7 Pigs 8 30.5 22.2 Ducks 2 7.6 Ducks 5 13.8 Goats 1 3.8 Goats 4 11.1 Guinea pigs (curieles) 1 3.8 Turkeys 3 8.3 Doves / Pigeons 1 3.8 Sheep 2 5.5 Young chickens 1 3.8 Guinea fowl 1 2.7 Horses 1 2.7 Dogs 1 2.7 Table 9. List of animals reported as undesirable in two human communities in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. Vectors are those living things that can transmit or propagate disease. La Melba Common name Piedra La Vela Responses % Vector Common name Responses % Vector Cockroaches 22 27.1 X Mice 4 23.5 X Mice 20 24.6 X Mosquitoes 3 17.6 X Mosquitoes 17 20.9 X Ants 1 5.8 – Flies 9 11.1 X Wild boars 1 5.8 – Tabanid flies 5 6.1 X Kestrels 1 5.8 – Ants 3 3.7 – Cockroaches 1 5.8 X Scorpions 1 1.2 – Snakes 1 5.8 – Spiders 1 1.2 – Cats 1 5.8 – Cuban boas 1 1.2 – Hawks 1 5.8 – Frogs 1 1.2 – Cuban boas 1 5.8 – Rats 1 1.2 X Wild dogs 1 5.8 – Frogs 1 5.8 – not consciously recognize this correlation. The answers different animals, because they mentioned the most to question 3, 4, and 5, plus personal observations made common, the ones they like, the ones they are afraid in the community, as well as conversations with staff of, or the ones they dislike because they have been administrators, informed the results. traditionally considered a threat to farm animals or even to humans. RESULTS (ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED animal diversity is low. In both communities, respondents INDICATORS) (I-1) Level of interaction with elements of local fauna diversity I believe that the outcome of this indicator is closely related to how much the community identifies with 214 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S The level of interaction with elements of local I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 mentioned that the fauna species most often used (Tables 7 and 8) are hens (23 responses); hutias (21), wild birds, such as crows, hawks, and parrots (17), domestic pigs (16), wild boar (11), and boas and ducks (7 responses each). (I-2) Knowledge of fauna diversity as related to health when it comes to pigs, sheep, and goats), and raising Analyzing the communities’ knowledge about the animals ends up threatening human health and local importance of fauna and its relation to human health, biodiversity. Some species, such as pigs, wander off and I found that cockroaches, houseflies, rats, mice, and turn feral, thereby becoming fierce predators of native mosquitoes were all identified as harmful to human wildlife in the area. This is also the case with cats and health. Respondents also included other animals that dogs that have been introduced as pets or companions. they considered undesirable even though they recognize their role as biological control agents, such as raptors, (I-4) Knowledge of local vectors Regarding perception of local vectors, 45.0% of amphibians, reptiles, and cats (Table 9). Surveyed community members do not recognize the population know something about them, the importance of the “undesirable animals” within 40.4% have average knowledge about them, and only natural food chains, and as a result, there is a tendency 15.0% know a good deal about them. Respondents to eliminate rather than conserve them. This indicator mentioned 11 different species as “undesirable” in suggests a lack of knowledge about the relationship La Melba and 12 different species in Piedra La Vela between local biodiversity and human health, which could (Table 9), but only 6 of them are vectors. Local people contribute to ecological imbalance in local ecosystems, dislike and indiscriminately eliminate the rest of with negative repercussions on human health. the animals mentioned, in many instances because of fear, as is the case with scorpions, spiders, Cuban (I-3) Use of domesticated component of fauna diversity Another important indicator is use of domesticated animals because it impacts both community health and environmental quality. In La Melba, respondents indicated boas, and amphibians. (I-5) Knowledge of biological controlling agents present in the community that they raised six animals in total (Table 8), but the most Respondents mentioned eight species, or classes common animals were hens and pigs. In Piedra La Vela, (types) of animals, in La Melba and nine in Piedra nine species were listed. La Vela (Table 10), including spiders, boas, lizards, Raising animals positively impacts health, since cats, and frogs. The local people are negatively predisposed it contributes to local people’s diet. Nonetheless, many times conditions are not adequate or sanitary (especially towards some of these biological controlling agents and Table 10. Animals that are reported as biological control agents in two human communities of Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. La Melba Common Name Spiders Piedra La Vela Number of times mentioned 5 % 26.3 Number of times mentioned Common Name Cats % 3 25 Cuban boas 5 26.3 Boas 2 17 Lizards 3 15.7 Snakes 1 8 Cats 2 10.5 Cuban Blackbirds 1 8 Frogs 2 10.5 Lizards 1 8 Hawks 1 5.2 Owls 1 8 Toads 1 5.2 Ducks 1 8 Owls – – Fish 1 8 Spiders 1 8 CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 215 kill them, thereby generating an increase in their vectorcarrying prey species. In my opinion, this situation CONCLUSIONS ■ demonstrates that locals have little interest in protecting is low, which results from a low level of community these beneficial animals, because of lack of knowledge. (I-6) Knowledge of environmental problems that impact The level of awareness of fauna diversity in the area interaction with the fauna. ■ The level of awareness of local vector species and local biodiversity and participation in future community biological control species is deficient, especially the development plans and projects latter, most of which local people actually dislike. In La Melba, 70% of those surveyed do not have ■ People in the area do not identify many of the knowledge of environmental problems that impact local area’s environmental problems, and they do not feel biodiversity, even though these are evident, for example: involved in decision making. In addition, they are using resources indiscriminately to obtain firewood unaware of any future local development plans. (forest clearing); incorrect cultural practices (burning); A positive feeling of empowerment is lacking and and introducing non-native domestic species, which is sorely needed because that feeling of ownership, harm local biodiversity. and identification with activities, are fundamental When discussing the area’s problems, 30% of those surveyed in La Melba mentioned Moa’s mineral requirements to establish effective and appropriate management plans for the natural environment. processing plant, lack of electricity, and deficient supply of water because of the lack of a pumping station. In Piedra La Vela, 13.3% did not recognize any problem. And 86.7% recognized one problem, the same for all: soil problems. None of those surveyed mentioned inadequate forestry practices as an environmental problem, although 39.9% interviewed work for Unidad Básica de Producción (UBP) Forestry in the area. In Piedra La Vela, none of those surveyed mentioned that they hunt illegally, although when asked what wildlife species are included in their diet, they say HUMAN COMMUNITIES Participants / Authors: Alicia Isabel Medina Turró, Mayelin Silot Leyva, and Jorge Luis Delgado Labañino Conservation targets: An environmental education program elaborated in the Alejandro de Humboldt National Park Strategy; specialists, technicians, park guards, and local community activists in La Melba; an educational, cultural, and health system in place that contributes to developing and implementing the Park’s existing environmental education program that “people eat Cuban boas, hutias,” etc. Even though 53.2% of those surveyed mentioned wild boars as undesirable fauna, none of them feel that this is a problem caused by local people. In both communities, analyzing survey question number 4 (Table 6), which considers community participation, 100% of those interviewed said that they are not considered when it comes to decision making. For question number 5, regarding awareness of future local development projects, no one interviewed is aware of any such plans. These results show the need to involve community members in decision making and in development proposals. 216 RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 INTRODUCTION Alejandro de Humboldt National Park is subdivided into four administrative sectors. This study covers one sector only, La Melba, located in the municipalities of Moa and Yateras, in Holguín and Guantánamo Provinces, respectively. Within this sector the largest human populations are concentrated in two communities: Arroyo Bueno and La Naza (Figs. 3A, 10), with 382 people who are mostly dedicated to mining, agroforestry, and subsistence agriculture. To a lesser degree, some people work in educational, cultural, and commercial centers, and in local establishments where food is prepared. The first settlers started arriving in the METHODS In 1998, we gathered the first information from this sector’s communities using existing data from the institutions responsible for administering and managing the Park (Zabala Lahitte 2000). This was complemented by various projects implemented by the staff and administrators responsible for the La Melba Sector. area in the 1940s (two of the original families remain), looking for better land to start a more independent life, since they used to work for other landowners. During those years, timber extraction and vegetable, fruit, and basic grain production for family consumption were the principal activities. Today, there are 69 homes and 271 inhabitants. During the rapid biological inventory, we stayed in the community, updated these data, and obtained new information. We used participatory observation to learn more about customs, the types and ways residents use natural resources, and local history. We also conducted two workshops, one in each community, using community education techniques Men engage in three main productive activities, mining, agroforestry, and subsistence agriculture. Between 38 and 42 people work in mining, and only 13 women work in different employment centers, including education, culture, commercial, eateries, and those providing support services to the mine. Existing institutions include a primary school to elaborate, with all participants, actions that would strengthen the program included in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park Environmental Education with 35 students enrolled, a library, a computer and video center, a pharmacy, a medical center, a food store, Strategy (Estrategia de Educación Ambiental para el a bakery, two television parlors, a cultural center, a Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt”) (Medina sawmill, and an integrated hair salon and barber shop. Turró and Zabala Lahitte 1999). We also used other techniques, such as interviews with experts and stakeholders in the sector, to collect information about (1) local history, (2) historical biodiversity use in the area, and (3) mineral extraction by the mining industry in the zone. RESULTS La Naza Community This community takes its name from the fishing nets used in the zone. There are 32 homes and 111 inhabitants. As in La Melba, the main activities are mining, subsistence agriculture, and agroforesty. There is also a grade school (12 students), a library, a video and computer center, and a television parlor. Inhabitants have to go to La Melba for the rest of the public services. There are four human settlements in La Melba. The populations of El Zapote and Los Llanos are Water and electricity supply very dispersed. Our work focused on recording data In both communities, drinking water comes from from the two main settlements. streams and springs, since the area contains a well- Arroyo Bueno Community This community is better known as La Melba since developed hydrographic network. There is an electrical plant in La Melba that generates electricity and provides service three hours every night for each community. there used to be a community close by with this name. It was named after the wife of a North American who Religion arrived in the area 50 years ago and started mining Both communities practice the Pentecostal religion, activity. With time, people started concentrating around and to a lesser degree, there are also Seventh Day a stream called Arroyo Bueno, where the community is Adventists, which came to the zone in 1990 and 1991. located today. Despite the location change, people still Some people practice beliefs or religions of African call the community La Melba. origin as well. CUBA : HUMBOLDT N O V I E M B R E / N O V E M B E R 2 005 217 THREATS RECOMMENDATIONS The main threat in the area is posed by current Protection and Management land-use practices that are incompatible with the Financing should be secured to develop actions that protected area’s management category, which puts do not threaten biodiversity but contribute to improving its conservation at risk. local people’s quality of life and cultural environment. STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES Additional inventory ■ ■ There is an environmental education program that The two dispersed communities (El Zapote and includes local participation in its implementation. Los Llanos) should be evaluated for, and included in, Inhabitants of all the communities recognize the environmental education program, even though they Alejandro de Humboldt National Park as a protected are far away and hard to reach, because they are found area; as a result, there is a certain level of motivation in zones that could significantly impact the Park. to participate in the environmental education Education program’s activities. ■ There are specialists, technicians, park guards, and ■ improve soil use should be provided to farmers. community activists in the Park. ■ There is already an educational, cultural, and health system in place that contributes to developing and implementing the Park’s environmental RA PI D B IOLOG I CA L I NVE N TOR I E S ■ Efforts should be increased to secure funds to buy environmental education materials in the communities (for example, paper, didactic materials, binoculars, compasses, and local flora and fauna guides). education program. 218 Training in sustainable agricultural techniques to I N FORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndices /Appendices Apéndice / Appendix 1 Hepáticas /Liverworts Especies de hepáticas registradas en el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt.” Compilación por Kesia Mustelier Martínez. H EP Á T IC A S / L IV E RWORTS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU Aneuraceae Aneura latissima Spruce – – – – – X Aneura pinguis (L.) Dum. – – X – – – Aneura sessilis (Spreng.) Gott. – – X X – – Aneura sinuata Dum. – – – X – – Riccardia chamedrifolia (With.) Grolle – – – X – X Riccardia digitiloba (Spruce) Pagán – – – X – – Riccardia fendleri (Steph.) Pagán – – X X – X Riccardia fucoidea (Sw.) Schiffn. – – – X – X Riccardia hymenophytoides (Spruce) Meenks – – – X – – Riccardia leptophylla (Spruce) Herzog – – X X – – Riccardia reyesiana Meenks C – X – – – Riccardia schwacnekei (Steph.) Pagán – – X X – – Riccardia sprucei (Steph.) Meenks – – – X – X Riccardia stipatiflora (Steph.) Pagán – – X X – X Riccardia subsimplex (Steph.) Pagán – – – X – – Asterella bolanderi (Aust.) Underw. – – – X – – Asterella elegans (Spreng.) Trevis. – – – – – X Aytoniaceae Calypogeiaceae Calypogeia elliottii Steph. – – – – – X Calypogeia laxa Gott. & Lindenb. – – – – – X Calypogeia parallelograma (Spruce) Steph. – – – – – X Calypogeia peruviana Nees & Mont. – – – X – X Calypogeia subintegra (Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees) Bischler – – – – – X Calypogeia venezuelana Fulford – – – X – – Alobiellopsis dominicensis (Spruce) Fulford – En – X – – Anomoclada portoricense (Hampe & Gott.) Vaña – – X X – X Cephalozia antillana Taylor – – – – – X Cephalozia caribbeania Fulford – – – – – X Cephalozia crassifolia (Lindenb. & Gott.) Fulford – – – X – X Cephaloziaceae 220 Cephalozia lunulifolia (Dum.) Dum. – – – X – X Cephalozia media Lindenb. – – – – – X Cephaloziella antillana (Spruce in Bescherelle) Fulford – – – – – X Nowellia curvifolia (Dicks.) Mitt. – – X X – X Nowellia dominiscencis Steph. – – – – – X RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 1 Hepáticas /Liverworts Species of liverworts recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. Compiled by Kesia Mustelier Martínez. HE P Á T IC A S / L IV ERW ORTS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU Nowellia wrightii (Gott. & Spruce) Steph. O En X X – X Odontoschisma denudatum (Mont.) Dum. – – X X – X Odontoschisma longiflorum (Tayl.) Steph. – – – X – – Odontoschisma prostratum (Sw.) Trevis. – – X X – X Odontoschisma stoloniferum (Lindenb. & Gott.) Steph. – – – – – X Cephaloziellaceae Cephaloziella rhizantha (Mont.) Steph – – – X – – Kymatocalyx dominicensis (Spruce) Vaña – En – X – – Fossombroniaceae Fossombronia angulosa (Dicks.) Raddi – – – – – X Fossombronia brasiliensis Steph. – – – X – – Fossombronia faveolata Lindenb. – – X – – – Fossombronia incurva Lindenb. – – – X – – Fossombronia pusilla (L.) Dum. – – X X – – Chiloscyphus decurrens Mitt. – – X – – – Heteroscyphus elliottii (Steph.) Pagán – – X – – – Lophocolea heterophylla (Schrad.) Dum. – – – X – – Lophocolea martiana Nees – – – X – X Geocalycaceae Herbertaceae Herbertus adunca (Dicks.) Steph. Gray – – – X – – Herbertus divergens (Steph.) Herzog. – – X – – – Herbertus hutchinsiae (Gotts.) Evans – – – X – – Herbertus juniperoideus (Sw.) Grolle – – X – – X Herbertus pensilis (Tayl.) Spruce – – X X – – Frullania atrata (Sw.) Nees – – X X – – Frullania beyrichiana Lehm. & Lindenb. – – – – – X Frullania caulisequa (Nees) Nees – – – – – X Frullania ericoides (Nees) Mont. – – – – – X Jubulaceae LEYENDA / LEGEND Endemismo/ Endemism C O = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba = Endémico de Cuba oriental / Endemic to eastern Cuba Categoría de amenaza/Category of threat (Hallingbäck et al. 1996) Cr = En peligro crítico / Critically endangered En = En peligro/Endangered Vu = Vulnerable/Vulnerable Sectores/Sectors BA = Baracoa ME = La Melba OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector /Species collected or recorded in the sector C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 221 Apéndice / Appendix 1 Hepáticas /Liverworts H EP Á T IC A S / L IV E RWORTS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU Frullania gibbosa Nees – – – X – – Frullania involuta Hampe ex Steph. – – – – – X Frullania kunzei (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Mont. – – – – – X Frullania obcordata Lehm. & Lindenb. – – – – – X Frullania riojanerensis Raddi – – – – – X Anastrophyllum harrisanum Steph. – – – – – X Syzygiella macrocalyx (Mont.) Spruce – En – X – – Jungermanniaceae Lejeuneaceae 222 Anoplolejeunea conferta (Meissn.) Schiffn. – – – – – X Aphanolejeunea cingens Herzog – – – X – – Aphanolejeunea ephemeroides Schuster – – – X – – Aphanolejeunea evansii Herzog C – – X – – Aphanolejeunea exigua Evans – – X X – X Aphanolejeunea verrucosa Jovet–Ast – – – X – – Bryopteris diffusa (Sw.) Nees – – – X X – Bryopteris filicina (Sw.) Nees – – – X – – Ceratolejeunea brevinervis (Spruce) Evans – – X X X – Ceratolejeunea ceratantha (Nees & Mont.) Schuster – – – X – – Ceratolejeunea cubensis (Mont.) Schiffn. – – X – – – Ceratolejeunea rubiginosa Steph. – – X – – – Cheilolejeunea adnata (Kunze) Grolle – – X – – X Cheilolejeunea clausa (Nees & Mont.) Schuster – – X – X – Cheilolejeunea rigidula (Nees & Mont.) Schuster – – X – X – Cheilolejeunea trifaria (Reinw. et al.) Mizut. – – X X – – Cololejeunea cardiocarpa (Nees & Mont.) Schuster – – – X X – Cololejeunea minutissima (Smith) Schiffn. subsp. minutissima – – – X – – Cololejeunea minutissima subsp. myriocarpa Schiffn. – – – X – – Cololejeunea planifolia (Evans) Schuster – – – X – – Colura callyptrifolia (Hooker) Dum. – – – – – X Colura clavigera Gotts. ex Jovest–Ast – – X X – – Colura cylindrica Herzog – – – X – – Colura greig–smithii Jovest–Ast – – – X – – Colura rhynchophora Jovest–Ast – – – X – – Colura tenuicornis (Evans) Steph. – – X X X X Colura tortifolia (Mont. & Nees) Trevis. – – X X – – Crossotolejeunea bermudiana Evans – – – – X – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 1 Hepáticas /Liverworts HE P Á T IC A S / L IV ERW ORTS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU Cyclolejeunea convexistipa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Evans – – X X X X Cyclolejeunea luteola (Spruce) Grolle – – – X – – Cyrtolejeunea holostipa (Spruce) Evans – – – – – X Dactylolejeunea acanthifolia Schuster – En – – – X Diplasiolejeunea brunnea Steph. – – X X X X Diplasiolejeunea cavifolia Steph. – – – X – – Diplasiolejeunea johnsonii Evans – – – X – X Diplasiolejeunea pellucida (Meissn.) Schiffn. – – – X – – Diplasiolejeunea pocsii Reyes O Vu – X – – Diplasiolejeunea rudolphiana Steph. – – X – – X Diplasiolejeunea unidentata (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Schiffn. – – – X X X Drepanolejeunea bidens (Steph.) Evans – – X X – X Drepanolejeunea crucianella (Taylor) Evans – – X – X X Drepanolejeunea mosenii (Steph.) Bischler – – – X – X Drepanolejeunea orthophylla (Nees & Mont.) Bischler – – – X – – Drepanolejeunea pinnatiloba Schiffn. – – X X – X Frullanoides corticalis (Lehm. & Lindenb.) van Slag. – – X – – – Frullanoides liebmanniana (Lindenb. & Gott.) van Slag. – – X – – – Frullanoides tristis (Steph.) van Slag. – – – – – X Harpalejeunea tridens (Besch. & Spruce) Steph. – – X – – X Harpalejeunea uncinata Steph. – – X – – – Lejeunea caespitosa Lindenb. – – X – – – Lejeunea flava (Sw.) Nees – – X X – – Lejeunea laetevirens Nees & Mont. – – X X – – Lejeunea minutiloba Evans – – X – – – Leptolejeunea elliptica (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Schiffn. – – X X X X Leptolejeunea exocellata (Spruce) Evans – – – X X – Leucolejeunea xanthocarpa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Evans – – X – – X Lopholejeunea subfusca (Nees) Schiffn. – – – – – X Macrolejeunea cerina (Lehn. & Lindenb.) Gradstein – – X X – X LEYENDA / LEGEND Endemismo/ Endemism C O = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba = Endémico de Cuba oriental / Endemic to eastern Cuba Categoría de amenaza/Category of threat (Hallingbäck et al. 1996) Cr = En peligro crítico / Critically endangered En = En peligro/Endangered Vu = Vulnerable/Vulnerable Sectores/Sectors BA = Baracoa ME = La Melba OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector /Species collected or recorded in the sector C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 223 Apéndice / Appendix 1 Hepáticas /Liverworts H EP Á T IC A S / L IV E RWORTS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU – Marchesinia brachiata (Sw.) Schiffn. – – X – – Mastigolejeunea auriculata (Wilson) Schiffn. – – X – – – Microlejeunea ulicina (Taylor) Grolle – – X – – X Neurolejeunea breutelii (Gott.) Evans – – X X – X Neurolejeunea catenulata (Nees) Schiffn. – En – X – – Odontolejeunea decemdentata (Spruce) Steph. – – – X – – Odontolejeunea lunulata (Web.) Schiffn. – – X X – – Omphalanthus filiformis (Sw.) Nees – – X – – X Physantolejeunea portoricensis (Hampe & Gott.) Schuster – En X – – – Pictolejeunea picta (Gott. & Steph.) Grolle – Cr – X – – Prionolejeunea aemula (Gott.) Evans – – – X X X Prionolejeunea helleri Evans – – X – – X Prionolejeunea serrulata Steph. – – X – – – Pycnolejeunea schwaneckei Steph. ex Schiffn. – – X X X – Rectolejeunea berteroana Evans – – – X – – Rectolejeunea phyllobola (Nees & Mont.) Evans – – X – – – Schiffneriolejeunea polycarpa (Nees) Gradstein – – – – – X Stictolejeunea squamata (Willd. ex Weber) Schiffn. – – X X – – Symbiezidium barbiflorum (Gott.) Evans – – – X – X Symbiezidium transversale (Sw.) Trevis. – – X X – X Taxilejeunea eggersiana Steph. – – X – – – Taxilejeunea obtusangula (Spruce) Evans – – – – X – Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Schiffn. – En – X – X Trachilejeunea aquarius Spruce – – X – – X Arachniopsis diacantha (Mont.) Howe – – – X – X Bazzania armatistipula (Steph.) Fulford – – X X – X Bazzania bidens (Nees) Trevis. – – X X – X Bazzania breuteliana (Lindenb. & Gott.) Trevis. – – – X – X Bazzania cubensis (Gott.) Pagán – – X – – X Bazzania cuneistipula (Gott. & Lindenb.) Trevis. – – X X – X Bazzania eggersiana (Steph.) Pagán – – – X – X – Lepidoziaceae 224 Bazzania gracilis (Hampe & Gott.) Steph. – – – X – Bazzania hookeri (Lindenb.) Trevis. – – X – – X Bazzania longa (Nees) Trevis. – – – X – X Bazzania roraimensis (Steph.) Fulford – – – X – – Bazzania stolonifera (Sw.) Trevis. – – – X – X RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 1 Hepáticas /Liverworts HE P Á T IC A S / L IV ERW ORTS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU Kurzia capillaris (Sw.) Grolle – – X – – X Microlepidozia sylvatica Evans – – X X – – Micropterygium carinatum (Grev.) Reimers – – X X – X Micropterygium pterygophyllum (Nees) Trevis. – – – – – X Micropterygium trachiphyllum Reimers – – X X – X Zoopsis antillana Steph. – – – X – – Dumortiera hirsuta (Sw.) Nees – – X – – – Marchantia chenopoda L. – – – X – – Marchantia inflexa Nees & Mont. – – – X – – Marchantia paleacea Bertol. – – X X – – Metzgeria cilifera Schwein. – – – – – X Metzgeria conjugata Lindenb. – – X X – X Marchantiaceae Metzgeriaceae Metzgeria crassipilis (Lindenb.) Evans – – – – – X Metzgeria elliottii Steph. – – – X – X Metzgeria furcata (L.) Dum. – – X – – X Metzgeria leptomitra Spruce – – – X – – Metzgeria leptoneura Spruce – – – X – – Metzgeria marginata Steph. – – – – – X Metzgeria rufula Spruce – – – – – X – – X – – X – – X – – X Moerckia hibernica (Hook.) Gott. – – – – – X Pallavicinia difformis (Nees) Steph. – – X – – – Pallavicinia husnotii Steph. – – – X – – Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Gray – – X X – – Monocleaceae Monoclea forsteri Hook. Notothyladaceae Notothylas breutelii (Gottsche) Gott. Pallaviciniaceae LEYENDA / LEGEND Endemismo/ Endemism C O = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba = Endémico de Cuba oriental / Endemic to eastern Cuba Categoría de amenaza/Category of threat (Hallingbäck et al. 1996) Cr = En peligro crítico / Critically endangered En = En peligro/Endangered Vu = Vulnerable/Vulnerable Sectores/Sectors BA = Baracoa ME = La Melba OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector /Species collected or recorded in the sector C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 225 Apéndice / Appendix 1 Hepáticas /Liverworts H EP Á T IC A S / L IV E RWORTS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU Symphyogyna apiculispina Steph. – – – – X – Symphyogyna aspera Steph. – – – – – X Symphyogyna brasiliensis Nees & Mont. – – – X – – Symphyogyna brogniarti Mont. – – X X – X Symphyogyna digitisquama Steph. – – – X – – Symphyogyna fuscovirens Evans – – – – – X Symphyogyna mexicana Steph. – – – X – – Symphyogyna sinuata (Sw.) Nees & Mont. – – – X – – Symphyogyna trivittata Spruce – – – X – – Plagiochila abrupta Lehm. & Lindenb. – – – X – – Plagiochila austinii Evans – – – – – X Plagiochilaceae Plagiochila bursata (Desv.) Lindenb. – – X – – – Plagiochila cobana Steph. – – – X – – Plagiochila cowelliana Steph. – – – X – – Plagiochila diffusa Steph. – – – X – – Plagiochila disticha (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Mont. – – – – X – Plagiochila dubia Lindenb. & Gott. – – X X – – Plagiochila expansa Gott. – – X – – – Plagiochila fuscolata Steph. – – – – X – Plagiochila hypnoides Lindenb. – – – X – – Plagiochila montagnei Nees – – – – – X Plagiochila perrolteliana Steph. – – X X – – Plagiochila punctata Taylor – – X – – – Plagiochila scoparia Grolle & Inoue – – – X – X Plagiochila spiralis Steph. – – X – – – Plagiochila steyermarkii Robinson – – X X – – Plagiochila sullivantii Steph. – – – – X – Radula amazonica Spruce – – – – – X Radula antillana Steph. – – – X – – Radula caldana Aongstr. – – X X – – Radulaceae 226 Radula complanata Steph. – – – X – X Radula cubensis Yamada C – X X – – Radula elliottii Castle – En – – – X Radula flaccida Lindenb. & Gott. – – – X – – Radula floridana Castle – – – X – – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 1 Hepáticas /Liverworts HE P Á T IC A S / L IV ERW ORTS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU X Radula husnotii Steph. – – X X – Radula inflexa Gott. & Steph. – – X X – – Radula javanica Steph. – – – X – – Radula longiloba Yamada C – – X – – Radula macrostachya Steph. – – – X – X Radula mexicana Steph. – – – X – – Radula obovata Steph. – – – X – – Radula pagani Castle – En – X – – Radula pallens Steph. – – – X – X Radula pocsii Yamada O Vu – X – X Radula portoricensis Steph. – – – X – – Radula stenocalyx Lindenb. & Gott. – – – X – – – Radula subsimplex Steph. – – – X – Radula tectiloba Steph. – – – X – – Radula tenuis Yamada C – X X – – – – – – – – X – Trichocoleaceae Trichocolea tomentosa (Sw.) Gott. LEYENDA / LEGEND Endemismo/ Endemism C O = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba = Endémico de Cuba oriental / Endemic to eastern Cuba – Categoría de amenaza/Category of threat (Hallingbäck et al. 1996) Cr = En peligro crítico / Critically endangered En = En peligro/Endangered Vu = Vulnerable/Vulnerable X Sectores/Sectors BA = Baracoa ME = La Melba OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector /Species collected or recorded in the sector C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 227 Apéndice / Appendix 2 Musgos /Mosses Especies de musgos registrados en el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt.” Compilado por Angel Motito Marín y María Elena Potrony Hechavarría. M US G O S / MO S S E S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU – Bartramiaceae Breutelia tomentosa (Brid.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. – – X X – Philonotis elongata (Dism.) Crum & Steere – – – X – X Philonotis glaucescens (Hornsch.) Broth. var. glaucescens – – – X – – Philonotis longiseta (Michx.) Britt. – – – X – – Philonotis sphaerocarpa (Hedw.) Brid. – – – X – – – – – – – X Brachytheciaceae Palamocladium leskeiodes (Hook.) Britt. Bryaceae Bryum apiculatum Schwaegr. – – – X – X Bryum argenteum Hedw. – – – X – X Bryum billardieri Schwaegr. – – X X X X Bryum capillare Hedw. – – – X – X Rhodobryum beyrichianum (Hornsch.) C. Müll. ex Hampe – – – X X X Calymperes afzelii Sw. – – – X – – Calymperes erosum C. Müll. – – – X – – Calymperes guildingii Hook. & Grev. – – – X – X Calymperes lonchophyllum Schwaegr. – – – X – X Calymperes palisotii Schwaegr. – – – X – – Calymperaceae Calymperes pallidum Mitt. – – – X – – Calymperes tenerum C. Müll. – – – X – – Syrrhopodon elongatus Sull. var. elongatus O – X X X X Syrrhopodon gaudichaudii Mont. – – – X – – Syrrhopodon incompletus Schwaegr. var. incompletus – – X X X X Syrrhopodon incompletus Schwaegr. var. berteroanus – – – X X – Syrrhopodon leprieurii Mont. – – – X – X Syrrhopodon parasiticus (Brid.) Besch. – – – X – X Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwaegr. var. prolifer – – – X – X Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwaegr. var. acanthoneuros – – – X – – Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwaegr. var. cincinnatus – – – X – – Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwaegr. var. scaber – – – X – X Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwaegr. var. tenuifolius – – – X X X – En – X – – – – X X X X Daltoniaceae Leskeodon andicola (Mitt.) Broth. Dicranaceae Bryohumbertia filifolia (Hornsch.) Frahm var. filifolia 228 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 2 Musgos /Mosses Species of mosses recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. Compiled by Angel Motito Marín and María Elena Potrony Hechavarría. MU S G O S / MO S S ES Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU Campylopus arctocarpus (Hornsch.) Mitt. var. arctocarpus – En – – X – Campylopus cubensis Sull. – – – X X – Campylopus cygneus (Hedw.) Brid. – – – X – X Campylopus flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. – – – X – – Campylopus lamellinervis (C. Müll.) Mitt. var. lamellinervis – – – X – X Campylopus pilifer (Brid.) Brid. subsp. pilifer – – – X – X Campylopus richardii Brid. – – – – X – Campylopus shawii Wils. – – X X X X Dicranella harrisii (C. Müll.) Broth. – – – X – X Dicranella hilariana (Mont.) Mitt. – – – X – X Dicranella hioramii (Thér.) Duarte var. hioramii O – – X – – Dicranella reticulata (C. Müll.) Par. – – – X – X Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schimp. – – – X – – Eucamptodontopsis pilifera (Mitt.) Broth. – – – X – X Holomitrium calycinum (Hedw.) Mitt. – – – X – – Leucoloma albulum (Sull.) Jaeg. – – – X X X Leucoloma cruegerianum (C. Müll.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. – – – X X – Leucoloma serrulatum Brid. – – – X X X Paraleucobryum albicans (Schwaegr.) Loeske – – – X X – – – – – X – Entodontaceae Entodon macropodus (Hedw.) C. Müll. Fissidentaceae Fissidens asplenioides Hedw. – – – X X X Fissidens bryoides Hedw. – – – X X – Fissidens crispus Mont. – – – X – X Fissidens densiretis Sull. – En – X – – Fissidens duryae Biz. O En – – X – Fissidens elegans Brid. – – – X – – Fissidens imbricatus Britt. & Bartr. – – X X X – LEYENDA / LEGEND Endemismo/ Endemism O = Endémico de Cuba oriental/ Endemic to eastern Cuba Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors Cr ME = La Melba BA = Baracoa = En peligro crítico / Critically endangered En = En peligro/ Endangered OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector/ Species collected or recorded in the sector N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 229 Apéndice / Appendix 2 Musgos /Mosses M US G O S / MO S S E S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU Fissidens mollis Mitt. – – – X X – Fissidens papillosus Lac. – – – – X – Fissidens pellucidus Hornsch. – Cr – X – X Fissidens petrophilus Sull. – – – X – X Fissidens prionodes Mont. – – – X X – Fissidens reticulosus (C. Müll.) Mitt. – – – X – – Fissidens similiretis Sull. – – – X – X Fissidens weirii Mitt. – – – X X – Fissidens zollingeri Mont. – – – X X – – – – X – X – – – X – – Funariaceae Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. var. calvescens Hookeriaceae Hookeria acutifolia Hook. & Grev. Hypnaceae Ctenidium malacodes Mitt. – – – – X – Ectropothecium leptochaeton (Schwaegr.) Mont. – – – X – X Hypnum polypterum (Mitt.) Broth. – – – – X – Isopterygium tenerum (Sw.) Mitt. – – – X – – Mittenothamnium reptans (Hedw.) Card. – – – X – X Phyllodon truncatulus (C. Müll.) – – – X – X – – – X – X – – – X X X – – – – X – Leucobryum albidum (Brid. ex P. Beauv.) Lindb. – – – X – X Leucobryum antillarum Schimp. – – X X X X Leucobryum crispum C. Müll. – – X X X X Leucobryum giganteum C. Müll. – – X X X X Leucobryum martianum (Hornsch.) Hampe – – X X X X Lembophyllaceae Pilotrichella flexilis (Hedw.) Angstr. Leptodontaceae Pseudocryphaea domingensis (Spreng.) Buck Leskeaceae Haplocladium microphyllum (Hedw.) Broth. Leucobryaceae 230 Leucobryum polakowskyi (C. Müll.) Card. – – – X X X Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. – – X X X X Octoblepharum cocuiense Mitt. – – – X – – Octoblepharum erectifolium Mitt. ex Williams – – – X – X Octoblepharum pulvinatum (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt. – – – X – X RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 2 Musgos /Mosses MU S G O S / MO S S ES Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU Leucophanaceae Leucophanes molleri C. Müll. – Cr – X – – Groutiella apiculata (Hook.) Crum & Steere – – – X X – Macromitrium cirrosum (Hedw.) Brid. var. cirrosum – – X X X – Macromitrium cirrosum (Hedw.) Brid. var. jamaicense – – – X – X Macromitriaceae Macromitrium cirrosum (Hedw.) Brid. var. stenophyllum – – X X – X Macromitrium leprieurii Mont. – En – X – X Macromitrium subperichaetiale Ther. O – X – X – Schlotheimia rugifolia (Hook.) Schwaegr. – – – X X X Schlotheimia torquata (Hedw.) Brid. – – X X X X Meteoriaceae Barbellopsis trichophora (Mont.) Buck – – – – X – Lepyrodontopsis trichophylla (Hedw.) Broth. – – – X – X Meteorium deppei (C. Müll.) Mitt. – – – – X – Meteorium nigrescens (Hedw.) Mitt. – – – X X X Zelometeorium patulum (Hedw.) Manuel – – – X X X – – – X – – – – – X – X Homalia glabella (Hedw.) B.S.G. – – – X – – Isodrepanium lentulum (Wils.) Britt. – – X X X X Neckeropsis disticha (Hedw.) Kindb. – – – X X – Neckeropsis undulata (Hedw.) Reichardt – – – X X – Phyllogonium fulgens (Hedw.) Brid. – – X X X X Phyllogonium viride Brid. – – – – X – Mniaceae Plagiomnium rhynchophorum (Hook.) T. Kop. Myriniaceae Helicodontium capillare (Hedw.) Jaeg. Neckeraceae Phyllogoniaceae LEYENDA / LEGEND Endemismo/ Endemism O = Endémico de Cuba oriental/ Endemic to eastern Cuba Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors Cr ME = La Melba BA = Baracoa = En peligro crítico / Critically endangered En = En peligro/ Endangered OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector/ Species collected or recorded in the sector N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 231 Apéndice / Appendix 2 Musgos /Mosses M US G O S / MO S S E S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Phyllogonium sp. – Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat – Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU – X – – Pilotrichaceae Brymela fissidentoides (Hook. f. & Wils.) Buck – Cr – X – – Callicostella depressa (Hedw.) Jaeg. – – – X – – Crossomitrium epiphyllum (Mitt.) C. Müll. – – – X X – Crossomitrium patrisiae (Brid.) C. Müll. – – – X X – Cyclodictyon subtortifolium (Bartr.) Buck – – – X – – Hypnella pallecens (Hook.) Jaeg. – – X X X X Lepidopilum amplirete (Sull.) Mitt. – – X X X – Lepidopilum polytrichoides (Hedw.) Brid. – – – X – – Lepidopilum scabrisetum (Schwaegr.) Steere – – – X – – Trachyxiphium vagum (Mitt.) Buck – – X X – – Pogonatum subflexuosum (Lor.) Broth. – – – X – – Pogonatum tortile (Sw.) Brid. – – – X – – Barbula agraria Hedw. – – – X – X Barbula arcuata Griff. – – – X X – Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. var. indica – – – X X X Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. – – – X – X Polytrichaceae Pottiaceae Trichostomum involutum Sull. – – – X – X Weissia controversa Hedw. – – – X X – Weissia jamaicensis (Mitt.) Grout – – – X – X – – – X X – – – – – X – – – – X X X Acroporium caespitosum (Hedw.) Buck – – – X X X Acroporium longirostre (Brid.) Buck – – – X X X Pterobryaceae Henicodium geniculatum (Mitt.) Buck Racopilaceae Racopilum tomentosum (Hedw.) Brid. Rhizogoniaceae Pyrrhobryum spiniforme (Hedw.) Mitt. Sematophyllaceae 232 Acroporium pungens (Hedw.) Broth. – – X X X X Rhaphidostichium acestrostegium (Sull.) Buck – – X X – X Rhaphidostichium schwaneckeanum (C. Müll.) Broth. – – – X – X Sematophyllum cuspidiferum Mitt. – – – – X – Sematophyllum galipense (C. Müll.) Mitt. – – – X – X RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 2 Musgos /Mosses MU S G O S / MO S S ES Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU Sematophyllum subpinnatum (Brid.) Britt. – – X X X X Sematophyllum subsimplex (Hedw.) Mitt. – – – – X – Sematophyllum swartzii (Schwaegr.) Welch & Crum – – – X – X Taxithelium planum (Brid.) Mitt. – – – X X – Taxithelium portoricense Williams – – – – X – Trichosteleum sentosum (Sull.) Jaeg. – – – X – X Sphagnum macrophyllum Bernh. ex Brid. – En X X – X Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. – – X X X – Sphagnum meridense (Hampe) C. Müll. – – X – X – Sphagnum perichaetiale Hampe – – X X – X Sphagnum portoricense Hampe – Cr X – – – – – – – – X – – – X – – Cyrto–hypnum involvens (Hedw.) Buck & Crum – – – X – – Cyrto–hypnum minutulum Buck & Crum – – – – X – Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Schimp. in B.S.G. var. delicatulum – – – X X X Thuidium urceolatum Lor. – – – X X X Sphagnaceae Splachnobryaceae Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) C. Müll. Stereophyllaceae Entodontopsis leucostega (Brid.) Buck & Irel. Thuidiaceae LEYENDA / LEGEND Endemismo/ Endemism O = Endémico de Cuba oriental/ Endemic to eastern Cuba Categoría de amenaza / Category of threat Sectores/ Sectors Cr ME = La Melba BA = Baracoa = En peligro crítico / Critically endangered En = En peligro/ Endangered OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector/ Species collected or recorded in the sector N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 233 Apéndice / Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives Especies de helechos y plantas afines registrados en el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt.” Compilado por Manuel G. Caluff y Gustavo Shelton. HELECHOS Y PLAN TA S A FI N E S / FE RN S A N D FE RN RE LATI VE S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Estatus/ Status Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance – ES Aspleniaceae 001 Asplenium abscissum Willd. 002 Asplenium auriculatum S . 003 Asplenium cristatum Lam. 004 Asplenium cuneatum L 005 Asplenium delitescens (Maxon) L.D. Gómez 006 Asplenium dentatum L 007 Asplenium diplosceum Hieron. 008 Asplenium erosum L 009 Asplenium jenmanii Proctor 010 Asplenium juglandifolium L 011 Asplenium laetum S . 012 Asplenium monodon Liebm. – ES 013 Asplenium pseudoerectum Hieron. – ES 014 Asplenium pteropus Kaulf. – ES 015 Asplenium rectangulare Maxon Amena, Endem RA 016 Asplenium salicifolium L. – FR 017 Asplenium serratum L. – CO 018 Asplenium venustum Underw. & Maxon Endem ES 019 Hemidictyum marginatum (L.) C. Presl – E w a m . . a w m – E – ES – . F Amena ES – E – ES – F – MR – . – R R S 020 Blechnum fragile (Liebm.) Morton & Lellinger – ES 021 Blechnum glandulosum Kaulf. – FR 022 Blechnum jamaicensis (Broadh.) C. Chr. – RA 023 Blechnum lineatum (Sw.) C. Chr. – RA 024 Blechnum occidentale L. – CO 025 Blechnum shaferii (Broadh.) C. Chr. Candi, Posib RA 026 Alsophila brooksii (Maxon) R.M. Tryon Amena MR 027 Alsophila cubensis (Maxon) Caluff & Shelton Endem CO 028 Alsophila minor (D.C. Eat.) R.M. Tryon Endem CO 029 Alsophila woodwardioides (Kaulf.) Conant – ES 030 Alsophila x fagildei Caluff & Shelton Amena, Endem RA 031 Alsophila sp. Amena, Endem RA 032 Cnemidaria horrida (L.) C. Presl – FR 033 Cyathea arborea (L.) J. Sm. – CO 034 Cyathea aspera (L.) Sw. – ES 035 Cyathea furfuracea Baker – ES 036 Cyathea parvula (Jenm.) Domin – CO 037 Cyathea x wilsonii (Hook.) Domin – RA I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 S M Cyatheaceae RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES R E Blechnaceae 234 S S Apéndice /Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives Species of ferns and fern relatives recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. Compiled by Manuel G. Caluff and Gustavo Shelton. LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus/ Status (Sánchez y / and Caluff 1997; Caluff y/ and Shelton, datos inéditos/ unpublished data) Tipos de vegetación/ Vegetation types 001 – g c– – – c – m – – 002 – g c– – – c – m – – 003 – – b –s cm – – – 004 – g c– – – – – – – 005 – g c– – – – – – – Amena = Especie amenazada ya categorizada/ Listed as a threatened species Candi = Especie canditada a la categorización / Species proposed to be listed as a threatened species Endem = Endémica/ Endemic to Cuba Posib = Posible endémica / Possibly c endemic to Cuba 006 – – – – – – – m 006 007 – g c– – – – – – – 007 008 – g c– – – c – m – – 008 009 – g c– – – – – – – 009 010 – g c– – – – – – – 010 011 – g c– – – – – – – 011 012 – g c– – – – – – – 012 013 – g c– – – – – – – 013 014 – gc – – – – – – – 014 015 – g c– – – – – – – 015 016 ga gc – – – cm – ps – Tipos de vegetación / Vegetation types 016 017 ga gc gs – – cm – – – bp 017 018 – g c– – – – – – – 018 019 – gc – – – – – – – Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance MR RA ES FR CO bs cm 019 020 020 – gc – – – cm – ps – 021 021 g ag c– – – c – m – – 022 022 – gc – – – – – – – 023 023 – g c– – – – – – – 024 024 ga gc gs bs – cm – – mc 025 025 – – – – – – – p –s 027 026 – – – – – – – p –s 029 027 ga gc gs bs bp cm – ps – 030 028 ga gc gs – – cm – ps – 031 029 – – – – – c – m p –s 030 – – g s– – – – – – 031 – – g s– – – – – – 032 ga gc – – – c – m – – 033 ga gc – bs bp cm pm ps – 034 ga gc gs – – cm – – – 035 – – – – – – p p m –s 036 ga gc gs bs bp cm pm ps – 037 – g c– – – c – m – – ga gc 026 gs mc pm ps C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Muy rara, no vista o colectada en años recientes / Very rare = Rara, vista o colectada recientemente, 1 a 3 veces/ Rare = Esporádica, vista o colectada ocasionalmente/ Sporadic = Frecuente, vista a menudo, pero no común/ Frequent = Común / Common = Bosque de pinos (pinar)/ Pine forest = Bosque siempreverde/ Evergreen forest = Pluvisilva de baja altitud sobre complejo metamórfico/Low– altitude rainforest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería abierto, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Open gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería cerrado, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Closed gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería sobre serpentina/ Gallery forest on serpentine soils = Matorral costero y precostero/ Coastal and precoastal matorral (scrub forest) = Pluvisilva submontana sobre suelos de mal drenaje/ Submontane rainforest on poorly drained soils = Pluvisilva de baja altitud y submontana sobre ofiolitas (Pluvisilva esclerófila en serpentina) / Sclerophitic–leaved rainforest on serpentine soils N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 235 Apéndice / Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives HELECHOS Y PLAN TA S A FI N E S / FE RN S A N D FE RN RE LATI VE S Nombre científico/ Scientific name 038 Sphaeropteris insignis D.C. Eaton Estatus/ Status Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance – RA Dennstaedtiaceae 039 Dennstaedtia bipinnata (Cav.) Maxon – ES 040 Dennstaedtia obtusifolia T. Moore – FR 041 Hypolepis nigrescens Ho 042 Lonchitis hirsuta L – . E S – E S Pteridium aquilinim (L.) Kuhn var. arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Brade – ES Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. caudatum (L.) Sadeb. – CO 045 Saccoloma domingense (Spreng.) C. Chr. – ES 046 Saccoloma inaequale (Kunze) Mett. – ES – RA 043 044 o k . Dryopteridaceae 047 Arachniodes pubescens (L.) Proctor 048 Camptodium pedatum (Desv.) Fée Amena RA 049 Ctenitis pulverulenta (Poir.) Copel – E 050 Cyclopeltis semicordata (Sw.) J. Smith – RA 051 Didymochlaena truncatula (Sw.) J. Sm. – FR 052 Diplazium altissimum (Jenm.) C. Chr. – RA 053 Diplazium arboreum (Willd.) C. Presl – ES 054 Diplazium cristatum (Desr.) Alston – E 055 Diplazium expansum Willd. – FR 056 Diplazium grandifolium (Sw.) Sw. – ES 057 Diplazium hastile (Christ.) C. Chr. – FR 058 Diplazium striatastrum Lellinger – FR 059 Diplazium striatum (L.) C. Presl – FR 060 Diplazium unilobum (Poir.) Hieron – C 061 Fadyenia hookerii (Sweet) Maxon – FR Lastreopsis effusa (Sw.) subsp. confinis (C. Chr.) Tindale – ES Lastreopsis effusa (Sw.) Tindale subsp. dilatata (Liebm.) Tindale – CO 064 Olfersia alata C. Sánchez y Caluff Endem FR 065 Polybotrya osmundacea Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. – CO 066 Polystichum decoratum Maxon Amena, Endem MR 067 Polystichum x machaerophyllum Sloss. Endem RA 068 Stigmatopteris hemiptera (Maxon) Ching Endem ES 069 Tectaria heracleifolia (Willd.) Underw. – ES 070 Tectaria incisa Cav. – FR 071 Tectaria fimbriata (Willd.) Proctor & Lourteig – RA 072 Tectaria trifoliata C . – E 062 063 236 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 a v S S O S Apéndice /Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus/ Status (Sánchez y / and Caluff 1997; Caluff y/ and Shelton, datos inéditos/ unpublished data) Tipos de vegetación/ Vegetation types Amena = Especie amenazada ya categorizada/ Listed as a threatened species Candi = Especie canditada a la categorización / Species proposed to be listed as a threatened species Endem = Endémica/ Endemic to Cuba Posib = Posible endémica / Possibly endemic to Cuba g a– – – – – – – – 039 002 g ag c– b –s – – – – 040 003 g ag c– – – – – – – 041 004 – – – – – – – p –s 042 005 g ag c– – – – – – – 043 – – – – b –p – p –s ga – – bs bp – pm ps – – g c– – – c – m – – – g c– – – c – m – – – – – – – c – m – – – g c– – – – – – – – gc – – – – – – – CO – – – – – – – – m c – g c– – – c – m – – bp – – – – – – – p –s g a– – – – c – m – – ga – – – – – – – – – gc – – – – – – – – gc – – – – – – – – g c– – – – – – – – g c– – – – – – – g ag c– – – – – – – ga gc – – – c – m – – – g c– – – – – – – – – – – – c – m – – 029 063 030 g a– – b –s – – – – 031 064 ga gc gs – – cm – ps – 065 g ag c– – – c – m – – 066 – – g s– – – – p –s 067 – – g s– – – – p –s 068 – g c– – – – – – – 069 – – – b –s – – – mc 070 g ag c– b –s – – – mc ps 071 – – – – – – – – m c 072 – g c– – – – – – – 038 001 006 044 007 MR 008 045 009 046 010 048 013 049 014 050 015 051 016 052 017 053 018 054 019 055 020 056 021 057 022 058 023 059 024 060 025 061 026 062 027 RA ES 011 047 012 Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance FR = Muy rara, no vista o colectada en años recientes / Very rare = Rara, vista o colectada recientemente, 1 a 3 veces/ Rare = Esporádica, vista o colectada ocasionalmente/ Sporadic = Frecuente, vista a menudo, pero no común/ Frequent = Común / Common Tipos de vegetación / Vegetation types bs cm ga gc gs mc pm C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Bosque de pinos (pinar)/ Pine forest = Bosque siempreverde/ Evergreen forest = Pluvisilva de baja altitud sobre complejo metamórfico/Low– altitude rainforest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería abierto, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Open gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería cerrado, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Closed gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería sobre serpentina/ Gallery forest on serpentine soils = Matorral costero y precostero/ Coastal and precoastal matorral (scrub forest) = Pluvisilva submontana sobre suelos de mal drenaje/ Submontane rainforest on poorly drained soils = Pluvisilva de baja altitud y submontana sobre ofiolitas (Pluvisilva esclerófila en serpentina) / Sclerophitic–leaved rainforest on serpentine soils N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 237 Apéndice / Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives HELECHOS Y PLAN TA S A FI N E S / FE RN S A N D FE RN RE LATI VE S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Estatus/ Status Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance 073 Tectaria sp. 1 Amena, Endem ES 074 Tectaria sp. 2 Endem FR Amena RA CO Equisetaceae 075 Equisetum giganteum L. Gleicheniaceae 076 Dicranopteris flexuosa (Shrad.) Underw. – 077 Dicranopteris pectinata (Willd.) Underw. – C 078 Sticherus bifidus (Willd.) Ching – CO 079 Sticherus remotus (Kaulf.) Sreng. – CO Candi RA Grammitidaceae (Grammitis subgen. Cochlidium) 080 Grammitis furcata Hook. & Grev. 081 Grammitis myosuroides (Sw.) Sw. Amena ES 082 Grammitis repanda L.E. Bishop Endem CO 083 Grammitis rostrata (Hook.) R.M. & A. Tryon – ES 084 Grammitis serrulata (Sw. ) Sw. – FR 085 Grammitis sp. 1 – RA (Grammitis subgen. Cryptosorus) 086 Grammitis flexuosa Maxon E 087 Grammitis mollissima (Fée) Proctor – n dRA FR 088 Grammitis shaferii (Maxon) Lellinger – ES 089 Grammitis suspensa (L.) Proctor – ES 090 Grammitis sp. 2 Endem ES e m (Grammitis subgen. Grammitis) 091 Grammitis limbata Fée – E 092 Grammitis fluminensis Fée – ES – ES – MR – M ES S Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllum subgen. Hymenophyllum) 093 Hymenophyllum fucoides (Sw.) Sw. (Hymenophyllum subgen. Mecodium) 094 Hymenophyllum abruptum Hook. 095 Hymenophyllum axillare S . 096 Hymenophyllum brevifrons Kunze – 097 Hymenophyllum paucicarpum Jenm. Candi MR 098 Hymenophyllum polyanthos (Sw.) Sw. – FR 099 Hymenophyllum undulatum (Sw.) Sw. – ES w (Hymenophyllum subgen. Sphaerocionium) 238 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES 100 Hymenophyllum hirsutum (L.) Sw. – ES 101 Hymenophyllum lanatum Fée – MR 102 Hymenophyllum sericeum (Sw.) Sw. – MR I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 R Apéndice /Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus/ Status (Sánchez y / and Caluff 1997; Caluff y/ and Shelton, datos inéditos/ unpublished data) Tipos de vegetación/ Vegetation types Amena = Especie amenazada ya categorizada/ Listed as a threatened species Candi = Especie canditada a la categorización / Species proposed to be listed as a threatened species Endem = Endémica/ Endemic to Cuba Posib = Posible endémica / Possibly endemic to Cuba 073 – g c– – – – – – – 074 001 – g c– – – – – – – g a– – – – – – – – 076 005 ga – – bs bp – pm ps – 077 ga – – bs bp – pm ps – 006 078 ga – – bs bp cm pm ps – 007 079 – – – – b –p p p m –s 010 080 – – – – – – p –m – 011 081 – – g s– – – p –m – 012 082 – – g s– – – p p m –s 013 083 – – – – – – – p –s 014 084 – gc gs – – cm pm ps – CO 015 085 – – – – – – – ps – Tipos de vegetación / Vegetation types 002 075 003 004 008 009 Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance MR RA ES FR bp 016 017 086 – g c– – – – – – – 018 087 ga gc gs – – c – m p –s 019 088 – – g s– – – – – – 020 089 – – – – – – p p m –s 021 090 – gc gs – – – pm ps – bs cm ga 022 023 091 – – g s– – – p p m –s 024 092 – – g s– – – p p m –s gc 025 026 g ag c– – – – – p –s 030 094 ga gc gs – – – – ps – 031 095 – – – – – – p –m – 096 – gc gs – – cm pm ps – 097 – – – – – – p –m – 098 ga gc gs bs – cm pm ps – 099 g a– – – – – – p –s 100 ga gc – – – cm pm ps – 101 – gc – – – – – p –s 102 g a– – – – – – p –s 027 093 029 gs mc pm ps C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Muy rara, no vista o colectada en años recientes / Very rare = Rara, vista o colectada recientemente, 1 a 3 veces/ Rare = Esporádica, vista o colectada ocasionalmente/ Sporadic = Frecuente, vista a menudo, pero no común/ Frequent = Común / Common = Bosque de pinos (pinar)/ Pine forest = Bosque siempreverde/ Evergreen forest = Pluvisilva de baja altitud sobre complejo metamórfico/Low– altitude rainforest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería abierto, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Open gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería cerrado, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Closed gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería sobre serpentina/ Gallery forest on serpentine soils = Matorral costero y precostero/ Coastal and precoastal matorral (scrub forest) = Pluvisilva submontana sobre suelos de mal drenaje/ Submontane rainforest on poorly drained soils = Pluvisilva de baja altitud y submontana sobre ofiolitas (Pluvisilva esclerófila en serpentina) / Sclerophitic–leaved rainforest on serpentine soils N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 239 Apéndice / Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives HELECHOS Y PLAN TA S A FI N E S / FE RN S A N D FE RN RE LATI VE S Nombre científico/ Scientific name 103 Hymenophyllum sp . Estatus/ Status Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance – M R (Trichomanes subgen. Didymoglossum) 104 Trichomanes caluffii C. Sánchez Amena, Endem MR 105 Trichomanes hookerii C. Presl – ES 106 Trichomanes krausii Hook. & Grev. – FR 107 Trichomanes lineolatum (Bosch) Hook. – FR 108 Trichomanes membranaceum L. – FR 109 Trichomanes ovale (Fourn.) W. Boer Candi MR 110 Trichomanes punctatum Poir. – ES – FR (Trichomanes subgen. Pachychaetum) 111 Trichomanes rigidum Sw. (Trichomanes subgen. Trichomanes) 112 Trichomanes bissei C. Sánchez Endem ES 113 Trichomanes crispum L. – ES 114 Trichomanes holopterum Kunze – ES 115 Trichomanes osmundoides D.C. – FR 116 Trichomanes polypodioides L. – RA 117 Trichomanes sp. 1 Candi, Posib MR (Trichomanes subgen. Vandenboschia) 118 Trichomanes hymenophylloides Bosch – FR 119 Trichomanes pyxidiferum L – M 120 Trichomanes scandens L. – CO 121 Trichomanes sp 2 – RA . . R Lindsaeaceae 122 Lindsaea lancea (L.) Bedd. – E 123 Lindsaea portoricensis Desv. – MR 124 Lindsaea quadrangularis Raddi – RA 125 Lindsaea stricta (Sw.) Dryander Amena RA 126 Lindsaea stricta (Sw.) var. parvula (Fée) Kramer – RA 127 Odontosoria aculeata (L.) J. Sm. – FR 128 Odontosoria jenmanii Maxon – ES 129 Odontosoria scandens (Desv.) C. Chr. – FR 130 Odontosoria sp. Amena, Endem RA 131 Sphenomeris clavata (L.) Maxon – FR – ES Lomariopsidaceae 240 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES 132 Bolbitis aliena (Sw.) Alston 133 Bolbitis nicotianaeifolia (Sw.) Alston – FR 134 Bolbitis pergamentacea (Maxon) Ching – CO 135 Bolbitis portoricensis Hennip. – FR 136 Elaphoglossum apodum (Kaulf.) Schott ex J. Sm. – ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 S Apéndice /Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus/ Status (Sánchez y / and Caluff 1997; Caluff y/ and Shelton, datos inéditos/ unpublished data) Tipos de vegetación/ Vegetation types Amena = Especie amenazada ya categorizada/ Listed as a threatened species Candi = Especie canditada a la categorización / Species proposed to be listed as a threatened species Endem = Endémica/ Endemic to Cuba Posib = Posible endémica / Possibly endemic to Cuba – – – – – – – p –s 104 002 – – – – – c – m – – 105 003 – g c– – – – – – – 106 004 g ag c– – – – – – – 107 005 ga gc gs – – cm pm – – 108 g ag cg s– – – – – – 006 109 g a– – – – – – – – 007 110 ga gc gs bs – – – ps – ga gc gs – bp – pm ps – 011 112 – – gs – bp – pm ps – 012 113 ga gc – – – cm pm ps – 013 114 ga – – – – cm pm ps – 014 115 ga gc gs – – cm pm ps – CO 015 116 – gc gs bs – – – – – Tipos de vegetación / Vegetation types 016 117 – – – – – – p –m – bp 018 118 – gc gs – – – – – – 019 119 – – – – – – p –m – 020 120 ga gc gs bs bp cm pm ps – 021 121 – – – – – – p –m – 103 001 008 009 111 Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance MR RA 010 017 ES FR bs cm ga 022 023 122 – – g s– – – p p m –s 024 123 – – – – – – p p m –s 025 124 – – – – – c – m – – 026 125 – – – – – – p –m – 027 126 – – – – – – p –m – 029 127 ga gc – – bp – – ps – 030 128 – – – – – – p p m –s 031 129 ga – – – bp – pm ps – 130 g a– – – – – – – – 131 – – g s– – – – p –s gc gs mc pm 132 – g c– – – c – m – – 133 – g c– – – – – – – 134 g ag c– b –s cm – – – 135 – gc – – – – – – – 136 – g c– – – c – m p –s ps C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Muy rara, no vista o colectada en años recientes / Very rare = Rara, vista o colectada recientemente, 1 a 3 veces/ Rare = Esporádica, vista o colectada ocasionalmente/ Sporadic = Frecuente, vista a menudo, pero no común/ Frequent = Común / Common = Bosque de pinos (pinar)/ Pine forest = Bosque siempreverde/ Evergreen forest = Pluvisilva de baja altitud sobre complejo metamórfico/Low– altitude rainforest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería abierto, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Open gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería cerrado, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Closed gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería sobre serpentina/ Gallery forest on serpentine soils = Matorral costero y precostero/ Coastal and precoastal matorral (scrub forest) = Pluvisilva submontana sobre suelos de mal drenaje/ Submontane rainforest on poorly drained soils = Pluvisilva de baja altitud y submontana sobre ofiolitas (Pluvisilva esclerófila en serpentina) / Sclerophitic–leaved rainforest on serpentine soils N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 241 Apéndice / Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives HELECHOS Y PLAN TA S A FI N E S / FE RN S A N D FE RN RE LATI VE S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Estatus/ Status Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance Elaphoglossum chartaceum (Baker ex Jenm.) C. Chr. – FR 138 Elaphoglossum crinitum (L.) H. Chr. – FR 139 Elaphoglossum eggersii (Baker) H. Chr. – RA 140 Elaphoglossum glabellum J. Sm. – ES 141 Elaphoglossum herminierii (Bory & Fée) T. Moore – FR 142 Elaphoglossum latifolium (Sw.) J. Sm. – ES 143 Elaphoglossum maxonii Underw. ex Morton – ES 144 Elaphoglossum palmerii Underw. & Maxon Posib RA 145 Elaphoglossum siliquoides (Jenm.) C. Chr. Candi RA 146 Elaphoglossum simplex (Sw.) Schott ex J. Sm. – ES 147 Elaphoglossum wrightii (Mett.) T. Moore Endem ES 148 Elaphoglossum sp. 1 – F R 149 Elaphoglossum sp 2 – E S 150 Elaphoglossum sp. 3 – ES 151 Elaphoglossum sp 4 – RA 152 Lomariopsis kunzeana (Underw.) Holttum – RA 153 Lomariopsis wrightii Mett. Endem ES 154 Peltapteris peltata (Sw.) Morton – ES 137 . . Lycopodiaceae 155 Huperzia dichotoma (Jacq.) Trevis. – ES 156 Huperzia funiformis (Spring) Trevis. – FR 157 Huperzia linifolia (L.) Trevis. – FR 158 Huperzia taxifolia (Sw.) Trevis. – ES 159 Huperzia tenuicaulis (Underw. & Lloid) B. Øllg. Candi RA 160 Lycopodiella appresa (Loid & Underw.) Cranfill Amena MR 161 Lycopodiella carolineana (L.) Pic.–Serm. Candi RA 162 Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic.–Serm. – CO Marattiaceae 163 Danaea elliptica J. Sm. – FR 164 Danaea jenmanii Underw. – RA 165 Danaea nodosa (L.) J. Sm. – CO 166 Danaea urbanii Maxon – RA 167 Danaea wrightii Underw. – ES Nephrolepidaceae 242 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES 168 Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw. ) Schott – CO 169 Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott – RA 170 Nephrolepis multiflora (Robx.) Jarret ex Morton – CO 171 Nephrolepis pectinata (Willd.) Schott – ES 172 Nephrolepis rivularis (Vahl.) C. Chr. – FR I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus/ Status (Sánchez y / and Caluff 1997; Caluff y/ and Shelton, datos inéditos/ unpublished data) Tipos de vegetación/ Vegetation types Amena = Especie amenazada ya categorizada/ Listed as a threatened species Candi = Especie canditada a la categorización / Species proposed to be listed as a threatened species Endem = Endémica/ Endemic to Cuba Posib = Posible endémica / Possibly endemic to Cuba ga gc gs – – cm pm ps – – g c– – – c – m p –s – g c– – – – – – – ga gc gs – – cm pm ps – – gc gs – – cm pm ps – 142 – g c– – – – – – – 143 006 – g c– – – c – m – – 144 007 – g c– – – – – – – Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance 145 008 – – – – – – – p –s MR 146 009 – – – – – c p m p m –s 147 010 – – g s– – – – p –s 148 011 – gc g s– – – – – – 149 012 – g c– – – – – – – 150 013 – g c– – – – – p –s 151 014 – – – – – – – p –s CO 152 015 – g c– – – – – – – Tipos de vegetación / Vegetation types 153 016 – g c– – – c – m – – bp 154 017 – gc – – – – – p –s 155 019 – g c– – – – – – – 156 020 g a– – – – – p –m – 157 021 ga gc gs – – – pm ps – 158 022 – – – – – c – m p m s 159 023 g ag c– – – – – p –s 160 024 – – – – – – p –m – 161 025 – – – – – – p –m – 162 026 ga gc gs bs bp cm pm ps – 163 029 g ag c– – – c – m – – 164 030 ga g c– – – – – – – 165 031 ga gc gs bs – cm 166 ga gc – – – 167 – g c– – – 137 001 138 002 139 003 140 004 141 005 RA ES FR bs 018 cm cga gc 027 c – – – – – – – m – – gs mc pm 168 g a– – b bs –p – – m c 169 – – – – – – – – m c 170 ga gc gs bs bp cm pm ps mc ps 171 – g c– – – – – – – 172 – g cg s– – – – p –s C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Muy rara, no vista o colectada en años recientes / Very rare = Rara, vista o colectada recientemente, 1 a 3 veces/ Rare = Esporádica, vista o colectada ocasionalmente/ Sporadic = Frecuente, vista a menudo, pero no común/ Frequent = Común / Common = Bosque de pinos (pinar)/ Pine forest = Bosque siempreverde/ Evergreen forest = Pluvisilva de baja altitud sobre complejo metamórfico/Low– altitude rainforest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería abierto, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Open gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería cerrado, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Closed gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería sobre serpentina/ Gallery forest on serpentine soils = Matorral costero y precostero/ Coastal and precoastal matorral (scrub forest) = Pluvisilva submontana sobre suelos de mal drenaje/ Submontane rainforest on poorly drained soils = Pluvisilva de baja altitud y submontana sobre ofiolitas (Pluvisilva esclerófila en serpentina) / Sclerophitic–leaved rainforest on serpentine soils N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 243 Apéndice / Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives HELECHOS Y PLAN TA S A FI N E S / FE RN S A N D FE RN RE LATI VE S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Estatus/ Status Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance – FR Amena MR Oleandraceae 173 Oleandra articulata (Sw.) C. Presl Ophioglossaceae 174 Botrychium jenmanii Underw. 175 Ophioglossum palmatum (L.) C. Presl – ES 176 Ophioglossum reticulatum L. – ES – ES Polypodiaceae 177 Campyloneurum angustifolium (Sw.) Fée 178 Campyloneurum brevifolum (Lodd & Link) Link – ES 179 Campyloneurum costatum (Kunze) C. Presl – FR 180 Campyloneurum cubense F – E 181 Campyloneurum phyllitidis (L.) C. Presl – FR 182 Dicranoglossum furcatum J. Smith 183 Microgramma heterophyllal (L.) Wherr 184 é e S – ES – E Microgramma lycopodioides (L.) Copel. – FR 185 Microgramma piloselloides (L.) Copel. – FR 186 Niphidium crassifolium (L.) Lellinger – ES Pecluma camptophyllaria (Fée) M. Price var. camptophyllaria – ES 188 Pecluma dispersa (Evans) M. Price – ES 189 Pecluma funicula (Fée) M. Price Endem RA 190 Pecluma pectinata (L.) M. Price – FR Pecluma plumula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) M. Price – ES 192 Phlebodium aureum (L.) J. Sm. – ES 193 Phlebodium pseudoaureum (Cav.) Lellinger – ES 194 Pleopeltis astrolepis (Liebm.) Morton – FR 195 Polypodium dissimile L. – FR 196 Polypodium loriceum L – E 197 Polypodium polypodioides (L.) Watt. – FR 198 Polypodium sororium Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. – ES 199 Polypodium squamatum L. – E S 200 Polypodium subpetiolatum Ho E S 201 Polypodium triseriale Sw. 187 191 y . o k – . – ES – ES – F S S Psilotaceae 202 Psilotum nudum (L.) Sw. Pteridaceae 244 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES 203 Acrostichum aureum L 204 Acrostichum danaeifolium Langsd. & Fisher – ES 205 Adiantopsis paupercula (Kunze) Fée – FR 206 Adiantum cristatum L – E I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 . . R S Apéndice /Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus/ Status (Sánchez y / and Caluff 1997; Caluff y/ and Shelton, datos inéditos/ unpublished data) Tipos de vegetación/ Vegetation types ga gc – – – cm – ps – 174 003 – – – – – – – p –s 175 004 g ag c– – – – – – – 176 005 ga – – bs bp – pm – – 006 177 ga gc gs bs – cm – ps mc 007 178 ga g c– b –s – – – mc 008 179 ga gc gs – – c – m p –s 173 001 002 Amena = Especie amenazada ya categorizada/ Listed as a threatened species Candi = Especie canditada a la categorización / Species proposed to be listed as a threatened species Endem = Endémica/ Endemic to Cuba Posib = Posible endémica / Possibly endemic to Cuba Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance MR = Muy rara, no vista o colectada en años recientes / Very rare = Rara, vista o colectada recientemente, 1 a 3 veces/ Rare = Esporádica, vista o colectada ocasionalmente/ Sporadic = Frecuente, vista a menudo, pero no común/ Frequent = Común / Common g c– – – – – – – 010 181 ga gc – bs – cm – – mc 011 182 – g c– – – – – – – 012 183 – – – b –s – – – mc 013 184 ga gc gs bs – cm – ps – 014 185 ga gc gs bs – cm pm ps mc CO 015 186 – gc – – – – – ps – Tipos de vegetación / Vegetation types 016 187 g ag c– – – – – – – bp 188 018 ga – – – – – – – – 189 019 – g c– – – – – – – 190 020 ga gc gs bs – cm pm ps mc 191 021 ga – – – – – – – m g a– – b –s – – – mc – g c– – – – – p –s ga – – bs – – – – m ga gc gs – – cm – ps – – – – – – c – m p –s g a– – – – c – m – m – g c– – – c – m – – 009 180 017 022 192 023 193 024 194 025 195 026 196 027 197 029 198 030 – g c– – – – – – – 200 – g c– – – – – – – 201 ga gc gs bs bp cm – ps mc 202 – gc – bs – – pm ps mc 203 – – – – – – – – – 204 – – – – – – – – – 205 – – – – – – p p m –s 206 g a– – b –s – – – – 199 031 RA ES FR bs cm c ga c gc c gs mc pm ps C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Bosque de pinos (pinar)/ Pine forest = Bosque siempreverde/ Evergreen forest = Pluvisilva de baja altitud sobre complejo metamórfico/Low– altitude rainforest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería abierto, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Open gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería cerrado, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Closed gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería sobre serpentina/ Gallery forest on serpentine soils = Matorral costero y precostero/ Coastal and precoastal matorral (scrub forest) = Pluvisilva submontana sobre suelos de mal drenaje/ Submontane rainforest on poorly drained soils = Pluvisilva de baja altitud y submontana sobre ofiolitas (Pluvisilva esclerófila en serpentina) / Sclerophitic–leaved rainforest on serpentine soils N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 245 Apéndice / Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives HELECHOS Y PLAN TA S A FI N E S / FE RN S A N D FE RN RE LATI VE S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Estatus/ Status w A Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance 207 Adiantum deltoideum S . 208 Adiantum fructuosum Poepp. ex Spreng 209 Adiantum latifolium Lam. 210 Adiantum macrophyllum S . 211 Adiantum melanoleucum Wi 212 Adiantum obliquum Willd. Candi RA 213 Adiantum pulverulentum L. – FR 214 Adiantum pyramidale (L.) Willd. – FR 215 Adiantum tenerum Sw. – ES 216 Adiantum tetraphyllum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd – ES 217 Adiantum trapeziforme L. – ES 218 Adiantum villosum L. – ES 219 Adiantum sp. 1 Endem 220 Adiantum sp. 2 C 221 Cheilanthes microphylla ( 222 w l . S . S ) w m eE – l w nS – FR – E S E S – d . CO a n RA – E Doryopteris pedata (L.) Fée – ES 223 Hemionitis palmata L. – FR 224 Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link – FR 225 Pityrogramma eggersii (Chr.) Maxon Amena RA 226 Pityrogramma schizophylla (Bak. ex Jenm.) Maxon Amena RA 227 Pityrogramma sulphurea (Sw.) Maxon Candi RA 228 Pityrogramma trifoliata (L.) R.M. Tryon – RA 229 Pityrogramma williamsii Proctor – ES 230 Pteris altissima Poir. – FR 231 Pteris grandifolia L. – E 232 Pteris longifolia L. – ES 233 Pteris tripartita Sw. – E d i S S S Schizaeaceae 234 Anemia adiantifolia (L.) Sw. – RA 235 Anemia coriacea Griseb. Endem FR 236 Anemia nipeensis Benedict Endem FR 237 Anemia pumilio Mickel Amena, Endem MR 238 Anemia underwoodiana Maxon – ES 239 Anemia voerkeliana J.J. Duek Amena, Endem MR 240 Lygodium cubense Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth Endem ES 241 Lygodium volubile Sw. – FR Lygodium volubile var. wrightii (Mett. ex Prantl) J.J. Duek Endem E 243 Schizaea germanii (Fée) Prantl Candi RA 244 Schizaea poeppigiana Sturm – ES 242 246 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 a FR S Apéndice /Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus/ Status (Sánchez y / and Caluff 1997; Caluff y/ and Shelton, datos inéditos/ unpublished data) Tipos de vegetación/ Vegetation types 207 – – – – – – – – m 208 001 g ag c– b –s 209 002 g a– – b –s cm – – – – p –m 210 003 g a– – b m –s – – – mc 211 004 – – – 212 005 – – – – – – – – m – – – – – Amena = Especie amenazada ya categorizada/ Listed as a threatened species cCandi = Especie canditada a la categorización / Species proposed to be listed as a threatened c species Endem = Endémica/ Endemic to Cuba Posib = Posible endémica / Possibly endemic to Cuba c 213 ga gc – bs – cm – – mc 006 214 ga gc – bs – cm – – mc 007 215 ga – – b –s – – m 008 216 ga gc – b –s c – m – – 009 217 g a– – b –s – – – RA 010 218 g a– – b –s cm – – m c 011 219 – – gs – – cm pm ps – 012 220 – – – – – c – m – – FR 013 221 – – – – – – – – m c 014 222 ga gc – – – – – – m cCO 015 223 ga gc – – – cm – – – Tipos de vegetación / Vegetation types 016 224 ga gc – bs bp pm ps mc bp 017 225 – – g s– – – – – – 018 226 – – gs – – – – – – 019 227 – g c– – – – – – – 020 228 g a– – – – – – – – 021 229 g a– – – – c – m – – 022 230 g ag c– – – – – – – 023 231 – – – b –s – – – mc 024 232 – – – b –s – p p m m s c 025 233 ga g c– – – – – – – gc 027 234 ga gc – bs bp – – – mc 029 235 – – – – bp – pm ps – 030 236 – – – – b –p p p m –s 031 237 – – – – – – p –m – 238 g a– g sb –s – – – – 239 – – – – – – p –m – 240 – g c– b –s – – – mc 241 ga gc gs – bp cm pm ps – 242 – – – – b –p – p –s 243 – – – – – – p p m –s 244 – – – – – – p p m –s Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance c MR ES bs cm ga 026 gs mc pm ps C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Muy rara, no vista o colectada en años recientes / Very rare = Rara, vista o colectada recientemente, 1 a 3 veces/ Rare = Esporádica, vista o colectada ocasionalmente/ Sporadic = Frecuente, vista a menudo, pero no común/ Frequent = Común / Common = Bosque de pinos (pinar)/ Pine forest = Bosque siempreverde/ Evergreen forest = Pluvisilva de baja altitud sobre complejo metamórfico/Low– altitude rainforest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería abierto, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Open gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería cerrado, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Closed gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería sobre serpentina/ Gallery forest on serpentine soils = Matorral costero y precostero/ Coastal and precoastal matorral (scrub forest) = Pluvisilva submontana sobre suelos de mal drenaje/ Submontane rainforest on poorly drained soils = Pluvisilva de baja altitud y submontana sobre ofiolitas (Pluvisilva esclerófila en serpentina) / Sclerophitic–leaved rainforest on serpentine soils N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 247 Apéndice / Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives HELECHOS Y PLAN TA S A FI N E S / FE RN S A N D FE RN RE LATI VE S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Estatus/ Status Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance Selaginellaceae 245 Selaginella cordifolia (Desv.) Spring – FR 246 Selaginella heterodonta (Desv.) Hieron. – CO 247 Selaginella plagiochila Baker – ES 248 Selaginella plana (Desv. ex Poir.) Hieron. – RA 249 Selaginella plumieri Hieron. – FR 250 Selaginella plumosa (L.) C. Presl – FR 251 Selaginella sellowii Hieron. Amena MR 252 Selaginella serpens (Desv.) Spring – FR 253 Selaginella subcaulescens Baker – ES 254 Selaginella tenella (Beauv.) Spring – ES 255 Selaginella undata Caluff & Shelton Endem ES 256 Selaginella sp. 1 Endem ES 257 Selaginella sp. 2 Endem FR 258 Selaginella sp. 3 Endem ES – CO Thelypteridaceae 259 Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching (Thelypteris subgen. Amauropelta) 260 261 262 Thelypteris balbisii (Spreng.) Ching – CO Thelypteris balbisii (Spreng.) Ching var. longipilosa C. Chr. – C Thelypteris balbisii (Spreng.) Ching var. mollipilosa C. Chr. – CO 263 Thelypteris germaniana (Fée) Proctor – FR 264 Thelypteris resinifera (Desv.) Proctor – FR 265 Thelypteris sancta (L.) Ching – ES 266 Thelypteris scalpturoides (Fée) Reed Endem ES 267 Thelypteris shaferii (Maxon & C. Chr.) J.J. Duek Endem FR – FR O (Thelypteris subgen. Cyclosorus) 268 Thelypteris dentata (Forsk.) E. St. John 269 Thelypteris grandis A.R. Smith – CO 270 Thelypteris hispidula (Decne) Reed – E 271 Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.) Morton – FR 272 Thelypteris lonchodes (D.C. Eat.) Ching Endem CO 273 Thelypteris patens (Sw.) Small – ES Thelypteris patens (Sw.) Small var. scabriuscula (C. Presl) A.R. Smith – E 274 248 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES 275 Thelypteris wrightii (Mett.) Redd Endem CO 276 Thelypteris x invisa (Sw.) Proctor – E 277 Thelypteris sp. 1 Amena, Endem RA 278 Thelypteris sp. 2 – RA I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 S S S Apéndice /Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus/ Status (Sánchez y / and Caluff 1997; Caluff y/ and Shelton, datos inéditos/ unpublished data) Tipos de vegetación/ Vegetation types 245 001 g ag c– – – – – – 246 002 ga gc gs bs – – pm ps – mc 247 003 – g cg s– – – p –m – 248 004 g a– – – – – – – – 249 005 ga gc gs – – cm pm ps – 250 ga – – bs bp cm – – – 006 251 – – – – – – p –m – 007 252 ga gc gs bs – cm pm ps mc 008 253 ga gc gs bs – cm – – mc 009 254 ga gc – bs – cm – – mc 010 255 g ag c– – – – – – – 011 256 – – g s– – – p –m – 012 257 – – g s– – – p p m –s 013 258 – – g s– – – – p –s ga gc – bs – – – – mc MR RA ES FR 017 260 ga g c– – – – – – – 018 261 ga – – – – – – – – g ag c– b –s – – – – – g c– – – c – m – – g ag c– – – – – – – g ag c– – – – – – – – – – – – cm – ps – – – g s– b –p – p –s ga gc gs bs – cm – – mc g ag c– b –s – – – mc bs cm 019 021 263 022 264 023 265 024 266 025 267 026 ga gc 027 268 029 269 030 – – – b bs p – – – 271 g ag c– b –s – – – 272 – gc gs – – cm – ps 273 g a– – b –s – – 274 ga – – – – – – 275 ga gc gs – – cm pm ps 276 ga – – b –s – – – – 277 – g c– – – c – m – – 278 g a– – b –s – – – – 270 031 = Muy rara, no vista o colectada en años recientes / Very rare = Rara, vista o colectada recientemente, 1 a 3 veces/ Rare = Esporádica, vista o colectada ocasionalmente/ Sporadic = Frecuente, vista a menudo, pero no común/ Frequent = Común / Common Tipos de vegetación / Vegetation types bp 016 262 020 Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance CO 014 015 259 Amena = Especie amenazada ya categorizada/ Listed as a threatened species Candi = Especie canditada a la categorización / Species proposed to be listed as a threatened species Endem = Endémica/ Endemic to Cuba Posib = Posible endémica / Possibly endemic to Cuba gs mc mc ps m cpm – – ps C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Bosque de pinos (pinar)/ Pine forest = Bosque siempreverde/ Evergreen forest = Pluvisilva de baja altitud sobre complejo metamórfico/Low– altitude rainforest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería abierto, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Open gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería cerrado, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Closed gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería sobre serpentina/ Gallery forest on serpentine soils = Matorral costero y precostero/ Coastal and precoastal matorral (scrub forest) = Pluvisilva submontana sobre suelos de mal drenaje/ Submontane rainforest on poorly drained soils = Pluvisilva de baja altitud y submontana sobre ofiolitas (Pluvisilva esclerófila en serpentina) / Sclerophitic–leaved rainforest on serpentine soils N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 249 Apéndice / Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives HELECHOS Y PLAN TA S A FI N E S / FE RN S A N D FE RN RE LATI VE S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Estatus/ Status Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance (Thelypteris subgen. Goniopteris) 279 Thelypteris crypta (Underw. & Maxon) Reed Endem ES 280 Thelypteris obliterata (Sw.) Proctor – ES 281 Thelypteris pennata (Poir.) Morton – RA 282 Thelypteris poiteana (Bory) Proctor – RA 283 Thelypteris reptans (J.F. Gmel.) Morton – ES 284 Thelypteris tetragona (Sw.) Small – ES (Thelypteris subgen. Meniscium) 285 Thelypteris angustifolia (Willd.) Proctor – FR 286 Thelypteris reticulata (L.) Proctor – C 287 Thelypteris serrata (Cav.) Alston Amena RA O Vittariaceae 288 Anetium citrifolium (L.) Splitg. 289 Anetium citrifolium (L.) Splitg. var. n . 290 Hecistopteris pumila (Spreng.) J. Sm. Amena RA 291 Polytaenium dussianum (Benedict) Benedict – RA 292 Polytaenium feei (Shafner) Maxon – CO Polytaenium intramarginale (Baker ex Jenm.) Alston – E 294 Vittaria costata Kunze – ES 295 Vittaria graminifolia Kaulf. – ES 296 Vittaria lineata (L.) J. Sm. – FR 297 Vittaria remota Fée Amena RA 298 Vittaria stipitata Kunze – RA 293 250 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 – o – ES v RA S Apéndice /Appendix 3 Helechos y Plantas Afines/ Ferns and Fern Relatives LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus/ Status (Sánchez y / and Caluff 1997; Caluff y/ and Shelton, datos inéditos/ unpublished data) Tipos de vegetación/ Vegetation types – Amena = Especie amenazada ya categorizada/ Listed as a threatened species Candi = Especie canditada a la categorización / Species proposed to be listed as a threatened species cEndem = Endémica/ Endemic to Cuba Posib = Posible endémica / Possibly endemic to Cuba 279 001 – – g s– – – – – 280 002 ga gc gs – – cm – – mc 281 003 – – – b –s cm – – – 282 004 – – – b –s cm – – – 283 005 – – – – – – – – m 284 – – – b –s – – – mc 007 285 ga g c– – – – – – – 008 286 ga – – b –s – – – m c 009 287 g a– – – – – – – – RA 011 288 g ag cg s– – – – – – 012 289 – g c– – – – – – – 013 290 – g c– – – – – – – 014 291 – gc – – – – – – – CO 015 292 ga gc gs – – cm – – – Tipos de vegetación / Vegetation types 016 293 g ag c– – – – – – – bp 294 018 ga gc gs bs – cm – – – 295 019 g ag c– – – – – – – 296 020 ga gc gs bs – cm pm ps mc 297 021 – – – – – c – m – – 298 022 – g c– – – c – m – – 006 Abundancia relativa/ Relative abundance MR 010 017 ES FR bs cm ga 023 024 025 gc 026 027 029 gs 030 031 mc pm ps C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Muy rara, no vista o colectada en años recientes / Very rare = Rara, vista o colectada recientemente, 1 a 3 veces/ Rare = Esporádica, vista o colectada ocasionalmente/ Sporadic = Frecuente, vista a menudo, pero no común/ Frequent = Común / Common = Bosque de pinos (pinar)/ Pine forest = Bosque siempreverde/ Evergreen forest = Pluvisilva de baja altitud sobre complejo metamórfico/Low– altitude rainforest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería abierto, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Open gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería cerrado, sobre complejo metamórfico/ Closed gallery forest on soils derived from metamorphic–complex rocks = Bosque de galería sobre serpentina/ Gallery forest on serpentine soils = Matorral costero y precostero/ Coastal and precoastal matorral (scrub forest) = Pluvisilva submontana sobre suelos de mal drenaje/ Submontane rainforest on poorly drained soils = Pluvisilva de baja altitud y submontana sobre ofiolitas (Pluvisilva esclerófila en serpentina) / Sclerophitic–leaved rainforest on serpentine soils N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 251 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants Lista florística de las espermatófitas del Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt,” compilado por Eddy Martínez Quesada, María del Carmen Fagilde Espinosa, Ramona Oviedo Prieto, Robin B. Foster, William S. Alverson, y Corine Vriesendorp. ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC Acanthaceae 001 Blechum pyramidatum (Lam.) Urb. – – – – Nib 002 Elytraria planifolia Leonard – – – Mel – 003 Odontonema tubaeforme (Bertol.) Kuntze – – – – – 004 Oplonia cubensis Borhidi – Tol – – – 005 Oplonia moana Borhidi – – Cup – – 006 Oplonia polyece (Stearn) Borhidi – – – – X 007 Oplonia spinosa Raf. subsp. spinosa – – Cup – Sta 008 Oplonia sp. – – – – Yam 009 Sapphoa ekmanii Borhidi – – – X – 010 Stenandrium heterotrichum Borhidi – – – X – 011 Stenandrium wrightii Lindau – – – Mel – 012 Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims – – – Coc – –l – – Agavaceae s.l. (incl. Dracaenaceae/Ruscaceae) 013 Agave tubulata Trel. subsp. brevituba A. Alvare – To 014 Dracaena cubensis Vict. – – – Mel Yam 015 Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq.) Urb. – – Cup – – – – – – X – Aizoaceae 016 Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. Anacardiaceae 017 Mangifera indica L. Mango – – – 018 Metopium toxiferum (L.) Krug & Urb. Guao de costa – – – Pin 019 Metopium venosum (Griseb.) Engl. – Tol Cup Mel Yam 020 Spondias mombin L. – – – Mel – Annonaceae 021 Annona cristalensis (Alain) Borhidi & Moncada – – Cup – – 022 Annona moaensis León & Alain – – – X – 023 Guatteria blainii (Griseb.) Urb. Purio fangar Tol Cup Mel X 024 Guatteria cubensis Bisse – Pie, Tol Cup Mel – 025 Guatteria moralesii (M. Gómez) Urb. Purio prieto – Cup Mel – 026 Oxandra laurifolia (Sw.) A. Rich. – – – Mel, Coc – 027 Xylopia ekmanii R.E. Fr. – – Cup Mel – 028 Xylopia roigii P. Wils. – – Cup Mel – Qui Apocynaceae 252 029 Angadenia berterii (A. DC.) Miers – – – – 030 Angadenia lindeniana Miers – – Cup Jag, Mel – 031 Angadenia moaensis Lippold – Tol – Mel – 032 Anechites nerium (Aubl.) Urb. – – Cup – – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants Seed plants of Alejandro de Humboldt National Park, compiled by Eddy Martínez Quesada, María del Carmen Fagilde Espinosa, Ramona Oviedo Prieto, Robin B. Foster, William S. Alverson, and Corine Vriesendorp. LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 001 N – 002 E – 003 R – 004 E – 005 E – 006 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 007 N – Ibe = Monte Iberia 008 E? – 009 E – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 010 E – Mel = La Melba 011 E – Nib = Nibujón 012 N – Pie = Piedra La Vela 013 E – Qui = Quiviján 014 E – Sta = Santa María 015 N – Tab = Tabajó 016 N – 017 I – 018 N – 019 E – 020 N – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 021 E VUL Vie = Viento Frío 022 E – Yam = Yamanigüey 023 E – X 024 E – 025 E – 026 N – 027 E VUL 028 E – 029 N – 030 E – 031 E – 032 N – Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Pin = Pinalito Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo Tum = El Tumbadero = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 253 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC Cup Coc Yam, Pin – Yam 033 Cameraria latifolia L. – – 034 Cameraria obovalis Alain – – 035 Forsteronia corymbosa (Jacq.) G. Mey. Bejuco prieto Pie, Tol Cup – Tab 036 Mandevilla torosa (Jacq.) Woodson – – – – – 037 Marsdenia linearis Decne. – Tol Cup – Yam 038 Mesechites minima (Britton & P. Wilson) Woodson – Tol – – – 039 Mesechites rosea (A. DC.) Miers Rosa de sabana Tol – – – 040 Neobracea ekmanii Urb. – – – Mel, Coc Ibe, Yam 041 Neobracea valenzuelana Urb. – Pie, Tol Cup Jag, Mel, Tet, Coc Ibe, Yam, Qui, Tab 042 Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin Clavelitos – Cup Coc 043 Plumeria clusioides Griseb. – – – – – 044 Plumeria cubensis Urb. – Pie, Tol Cup Mel, Coc Sta, Tab 045 Plumeria ekmanii Urb. – – Cup Mel 046 Rauvolfia salicifolia Griseb. – Pie, Tol Cup Coc Yam, Tab 047 Tabernaemontana amblyocarpa Urb. – – – X – – Aquifoliaceae 048 Ilex berteroi Loes. – To –l – 049 Ilex dioica Griseb. – Tol Cup – – 050 Ilex gundlachiana Loes. – – – – Ibe 051 Ilex hypaneura Loes. – – Cup – Ibe, Yam 052 Ilex macfadyenii Rehder Acebo cubano Tol Cup Jag, Mel, Coc Ibe 053 Ilex obcordata Sw. – Tol Cup – Ibe 054 Ilex victorini Alain – Tol – – Tab – – – – – Araceae 055 Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. 056 Philodendron consanguineum Schott – Pie?, Tol Cup Mel Ibe 057 Philodendron lacerum (Jacq.) Schott Macusey macho Pie Cup Jag, Mel, Tet, Coc Qui Araliaceae 058 059 Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Decne. & Planch. Víbona – – Coc Qui Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin Yagruma macho – Cup Mel, Tet, Coc – Arecaceae 254 060 Bactris cubensis Burret – Pie, Tol Cup Mel, Tet, Coc Ibe 061 Calyptronoma plumeriana (Mart.) Lourteig – Pie Cup Tet, Coc – 062 Copernicia rigida Britton & P. Wilson Jata – – – Yam 063 Coccothrinax bermudezii León – – Cup – – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 033 N – 034 E – 035 N – 036 N – 037 N – 038 E – 039 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 040 E – Ibe = Monte Iberia 041 E – 042 N – Mel = La Melba 043 E – Nib = Nibujón 044 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela 045 E – Pin = Pinalito 046 E – Qui = Quiviján 047 E – Sta = Santa María 048 N – 049 N – 050 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 051 E – Tet = Tetas de Julia 052 N – Tol = El Toldo 053 N – 054 E – 055 I – 056 N – 057 N – 058 N – 059 N – 060 E – 061 E – 062 E – 063 E – Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Tab = Tabajó Tum = El Tumbadero – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 255 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – – X – 064 Coccothrinax orientalis (L.) Decne. & Planch. 065 Coccothrinax yuraguana (A. Rich.) León – Tol Cup – – 066 Cocos nucifera L. Coco – – – – Prestoea acuminata (Willd.) H.E. Moore var. montana (Graham) An. Hend. & Galeano – – – Mel – Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook – X – – – Thrinax rivularis (León) Borhidi & O. Muñiz var. savannarum (León) Borhidi & O. Muñiz – – – – Yam 067 068 069 – Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities Aristolochiaceae 070 Aristolochia lindeniana Duch. var. bissei R. Rankin – Pie – Mel, Coc – 071 Aristolochia ringens Vahl – – – – – 072 Aristolochia trichostoma Griseb. – Pie – – – Asclepiadaceae 073 Cynanchum caribaeum Alain – Pie Cup – – 074 Marsdenia linearis Decne. – Tol – – Yam Asteraceae 256 075 Ageratina paucibracteata (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob. – – – Tet, Coc – 076 Ageratum conyzoides L. – – – – – 077 Aster sp. – – – – Yam 078 Baccharis scoparioides Griseb. – Pie, Tol Cup – Ibe 079 Baccharis shaferi Britton – Pie, Tol – Mel, Tet Ibe 080 Bidens pilosa L – – – – – 081 Bidens reptans (L.) G. Don var. reptans – – Cup – – 082 Borrichia arborescens (L.) DC. – – – – Nib 083 Chaptalia shaferi Britton & P. Wilson – Tol – – – 084 Chaptalia stenocephala (Griseb.) Urb. – – – Mel, Coc Ibe, Vie 085 Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Rompezaragüey – – – Qui 086 Cyanthilium cinereum (L.) Robins. – – – – – 087 Elephantopus mollis Kunth Lengua de vaca – – Mel – 088 Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Sch. Bip. – – – – – 089 Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Clavel chino – – Mel, Coc – 090 Erigeron sp. – – – Coc – 091 Feddea cubensis Urb. – – Cup – – 092 Gnaphalium antillanum Urb. – – Cup – – 093 Gochnatia crassifolia (Britton) Jervis & Alain – – – – Yam 094 Gochnatia obtusifolia (Britton) Jervis & Alain – Tol Cup – – 095 Gochnatia recurva (Britton) Jervis & Alain – – Cup – – 096 Gochnatia shaferi (Britton) Jervis & Alain – – – – Ibe RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES . I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 064 E – 065 E – 066 N – 067 N – 068 N – Cup = Cupeyal del Norte 069 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Ibe = Monte Iberia Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 070 E – 071 N – 072 E – 073 N – 074 N – 075 E – 076 N – 077 N? – 078 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 079 E – Tet = Tetas de Julia 080 N – Tol = El Toldo 081 N – Tum = El Tumbadero 082 N – 083 E – 084 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 085 N – 086 N – 087 N – 088 N – 089 N – 090 N? – 091 E – 092 N – 093 E – 094 E – 095 E – 096 E – Mel = La Melba Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable Nib = Nibujón LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Pie = Piedra La Vela Pin = Pinalito Qui = Quiviján Sta = Santa María Tab = Tabajó Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 257 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC 097 Grisebachianthus hypoleucus (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob. – Tol Cup – – 098 Grisebachianthus lantanifolius (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob. – Tol Cup Jag, Mel, Coc – 099 Grisebachianthus nipensis (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob. – – – – – 100 Grisebachianthus plucheoides (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob. – Cup – Qui 101 Gundlachia apiculata Britton & S.F. Blake – Pie – – Ibe 102 Gundlachia cubana Britton & S.F. Blake – – – – Ibe 103 Gundlachia foliosa Britton & S.F. Blake – Tol – – – 104 Heptanthus lobatus Britton – To –l – – 105 Heptanthus shaferi Britton – – – Mel – 106 Koanophyllon ayapanoides (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob. – Pie Cup – – 107 Koanophyllon grandiceps (Wright) R.M. King & H. Rob. – Pie – – – 108 Koanophyllon polystictum (Urb.) R.M. King & H. Rob. – Pie, Tol Cup – Yam 109 Koanophyllon rhexioides (B.L. Rob.) R.M King & H. Rob. – – Cup – Ibe Koanophyllon villosum (Sw.) R.M. King & H. Rob. subsp. villosum Alvaca de sabana – Cup – – 111 Mikania alba Taylor – Tol Cup – – 112 Mikania lindenii S. Moore – Tol – Mel, Coc Ibe 113 Mikania micrantha Kunth var. micrantha Guaco – – – Qui 114 Mikania reticulosa C. Wright ex Sauvages – – Cup – Qui 115 Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. ex Cass. – – Cup Mel Qui 116 Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F. Baker Lengua de vaca – – Mel – 117 Pentacalia moaensis (Alain) Borhidi – Tol – – – 118 Pentacalia pachypoda (Greenm.) Borhidi – Pie, Tol – – Ibe 119 Pentacalia polyphlebia (Griseb.) Borhidi – Pie, Tol – Mel Ibe 120 Pentacalia trineura (Griseb.) – Tol Cup – 121 Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don Salvia – – – – 122 Senecio pachylepis Greenm. – – – – Ibe 123 Senecio plumbeus Griseb. Retama árbol Pie, Tol Cup Coc Tab 124 Senecio rivalis Greenm. – Tol Cup – – 125 Senecio trineurus Griseb. – – – – – 126 Shafera platyphylla Greenm. – Tol Cup – Ibe Spaniopappus hygrophilus (Alain) R.M. King & H. Rob. – Tol Cup – Ibe Vernonanthura menthaefolia (Poepp. ex Spreng.) H. Rob. (Vernonia menthifolia) – – Ent Mel – Vernonia calida Gleason – – – Tab 110 127 128 129 258 Nombre común/ Common name RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba = Baracoa 097 E – BARAC 098 E – Localidades / Localities 099 E – 100 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 101 E – Ibe = Monte Iberia 102 E – 103 E – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 104 E – Mel = La Melba 105 E – Nib = Nibujón 106 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela 107 E – Pin = Pinalito 108 E – Qui = Quiviján 109 E – Sta = Santa María 110 N – Tab = Tabajó 111 E – 112 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 113 N – Tet = Tetas de Julia 114 E – Tol = El Toldo 115 N – Tum = El Tumbadero 116 N – 117 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 118 E – Vie = Viento Frío 119 E – Yam = Yamanigüey 120 N – X 121 N – 122 E – 123 N – 124 E – 125 N – 126 E – 127 E – 128 E – 129 E – Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 259 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC Cup – – 130 Vernonia calophylla Gleason – – 131 Vernonia cristalensis Alain – Tol – – 132 Vernonia gnaphaliifolia A. Rich. – – Cup – – 133 Vernonia hieracioides Griseb. – Pie, Tol – – Qui 134 Vernonia inaequiserrata Sch. Bip. – – Cup – – 135 Vernonia moaensis Alain – Tol – – – 136 Vernonia pineticola Gleason – Tol Cup – Tab 137 Vernonia sagraeana DC. – Tol – – 138 Vernonia segregata Gleason – Tol – – Ibe 139 Vernonia wrightii Sch. Bip. – – Cup Jag, Mel – 140 Vernonia sp. – – – Tet 141 Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. – – – – Qui – – – – X – – – – X Avicenniaceae 142 Avicennia germinans (L.) L. Battaceae 143 Batis maritima L . Begoniaceae 144 Begonia libanensis Urb. – X – X – 145 Begonia wrightiana A. DC. – X Cup Coc X – – – Mel, Coc – Bignoniaceae 146 147 Crescentia sp. – – – – – 148 Jacaranda arborea Urb. – Pie, Tol Cup Jag, Mel, Tet, Coc Ibe, Yam 149 Schlegelia brachyantha Griseb. – Pie – – – 150 Spirotecoma apiculata (Britton) Alain – Pie – Jag, Mel Ibe, Yam, Tab 151 Spirotecoma spiralis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Pichon – Tol – – – 152 Spirotecoma holguinensis (Britton) Alain – – Cup – – 153 Tabebuia bibracteolata (Griseb.) Britton – Pie – – – 154 Tabebuia brooksiana Britton – – – – Sta 155 Tabebuia clementis Alain – Tol – – Ibe Tabebuia dubia (C. Wright ex Sauvalle) Britton ex Seibert – Pie, Tol Cup Mel, Tet, Coc Ibe 157 Tabebuia elegans Urb. – – – X – 158 Tabebuia gracilipes Alain – – Cup Mel – 159 Tabebuia linearis Alain – – – X – 160 Tabebuia litoralis Urb. – Tol – – – 161 Tabebuia lopezii Alain – – – X – 162 Tabebuia moaensis Britton – – – Mel – 156 260 Amphitecna (Enallagma) latifolia (Mill.) A.H. Gentry RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 130 E – 131 E – 132 E – 133 E – 134 E – 135 E – 136 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 137 E – Ibe = Monte Iberia 138 E – 139 E – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 140 E? – Mel = La Melba 141 N – Nib = Nibujón Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Pie = Piedra La Vela 142 N – 143 N – 144 E – 145 E – 146 N – 147 – – 148 E VUL 149 N – 150 E VUL 151 E – 152 E PEL 153 E VUL 154 E – 155 E – 156 E VUL 157 E – 158 E – 159 E – 160 E – 161 E – 162 E – Pin = Pinalito Qui = Quiviján Sta = Santa María Tab = Tabajó Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo Tum = El Tumbadero Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 261 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC 163 Tabebuia perelegans Borhidi – – – X – 164 Tabebuia pinetorum Britton – – – – Tab 165 Tabebuia simplicifolia Carabia ex Alain – Tol Cup – Yam 166 Tabebuia sp. 1 – – – – Yam 167 Tabebuia sp. 2 – – – Coc – 168 Tabebuia sp. 3 – – – Coc – Bija, Achote – – – – Lanero – – Mel, Coc – Bixaceae 169 Bixa orellana L. Bombacaceae 170 Ochroma lagopus Sw. Boraginaceae 171 Bourreria divaricata (Baker) G. Don – – Cup – Yam 172 Bourreria moaensis Britton – Tol Cup Mel – 173 Gerascanthus sulcatus (DC.) Borhidi – Pie – Coc Qui 174 Heliotropium humifusum Kunth Alacrancillo – – – Ya 175 Tournefortia hirsutissima L. Nigua X – – Qui 176 Varronia acunae Moldenke – – Cup Mel – 177 Varronia duartei (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi – – – X – 178 Varronia iberica (Urb.) Borhidi – – – – Ibe 179 Varronia setulosa (Alain) Borhidi – – – X – 180 Varronia toaensis (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi – Tol – – – – m Bromeliaceae 262 181 Aechmea nudicaulis Griseb. var. nudicaulis – Tol – – 182 Catopsis berteroniana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Mez – Tol – – Ibe, Tab 183 Catopsis nitida (Hook.) Griseb. – – – – Ibe 184 Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez – – – Mel – 185 Guzmania monostachya (L.) Rusby ex Mez Curujey bonito Tol – – X 186 Hohenbergia penduliflora (A. Rich.) Mez – X – – – 187 Pitcairnia cubensis (Mez) L.B. Smith – Tol – Jag, Mel Yam 188 Tillandsia bulbosa Hook. – Tol Cup – Ibe, Tum 189 Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. var. fasciculata – Tol Cup Coc – 190 Tillandsia flexuosa Sw. – – – – Ya 191 Tillandsia paucifolia Baker – Tol – – 192 Tillandsia pruinosa Sw. – Pie – Tet Ibe 193 Tillandsia valenzuelana A. Rich. – X – X – 194 Vriesea didistichoides (Mez) L.B. Smith – – – Ibe 195 Vriesea dissitiflora (C. Wright) Mez – – – – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Tol m Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 163 E – 164 E – 165 E – 166 E? – 167 E? – 168 E? – 169 I – Ibe = Monte Iberia – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 170 N Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano Mel = La Melba Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable 171 N – Nib = Nibujón 172 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela 173 N – Pin = Pinalito 174 N – Qui = Quiviján 175 N – Sta = Santa María 176 E – Tab = Tabajó 177 E – 178 N – 179 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 180 E – 181 N – 182 N – 183 N – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 184 N – Vie = Viento Frío 185 N – Yam = Yamanigüey 186 N – X 187 E – 188 N – 189 N – 190 N – 191 N – 192 N – 193 N – 194 N – 195 N – LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo Tum = El Tumbadero = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 263 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC Burmanniaceae 196 197 Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnhart var. hymenanthera (Miq.) Jonker – – – Mel Ibe Gymnosiphon niveus (Griseb.) Urb. – – – Mel – – Burseraceae 198 Protium baracoense Bisse – – – Mel 199 Protium cubense (Rose) Urb. Copal Pie, Tol Cup Jag, Mel, Coc 200 Protium fragans (Rose) Urb. – – Cup Coc Tab 201 Protium subacuminatum Swart. – – – – Pin Buxaceae 202 Buxus acunae Borhidi & O. Muñiz – – – X – 203 Buxus aneura Urb. – – – – Ibe 204 Buxus crassifolia Urb. var. crassifolia – – – Mel – 205 Buxus flaviramea (Britton) R.A. Howard – Tol – – – 206 Buxus foliosa Urb. – – – – Ib 207 Buxus marginalis Urb. – – Cup Mel – 208 Buxus moana Alain – – – X – 209 Buxus muelleriana Urb. – Tol – – – 210 Buxus obovata Urb. – To –l – – 211 Buxus retusa Muell. Arg. – Tol – – – 212 Buxus revoluta (Britton) Mathou – – – – Yam 213 Buxus rotundifolia (Britton) Mathou – Tol – – – 214 Buxus serpentinicola E. Köhler – – – X – 215 Buxus shaferi Urb. – Tol – Mel – 216 Buxus vaccinioides Urb. – Tol – Mel – 217 Buxus sp. – – – Tet – Qui Cactaceae 218 Pereskia aculeata Mill. Grosellero – – – 219 Rhipsalis baccifera (Mill.) Stearn Disciplinilla – – – – 220 Selenicereus grandiflorus Britton & Rose – – – – – 221 Selenicereus urbanianus Britton & Rose – – – – Nib Campanulaceae 264 222 Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G. Don Revienta caballos – – Coc Tab 223 Lobelia imberbis (Griseb.) Urb. – – Cup – – 224 Lobelia oxyphylla Urb. – Pie, Tol – – Ibe 225 Siphocampylus patens Griseb. – Tol – Mel Sta 226 Siphocampylus ruber Alain – Tol – – – 227 Siphocampylus subglaber Urb. var. subglaber – – Cup – – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 e Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status 196 N – 197 E – Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito 198 E – Cup = Cupeyal del Norte 199 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 200 E – Ibe = Monte Iberia 201 E – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve Mel = La Melba Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable 202 E – 203 E – 204 E – 205 E – 206 E – 207 E – 208 E – 209 E – 210 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 211 E – Tet = Tetas de Julia 212 E – Tol = El Toldo 213 E – Tum = El Tumbadero 214 E – 215 E – 216 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 217 E? – 218 I – 219 N – 220 N – 221 N – 222 N – 223 E – 224 E – 225 E – 226 E – 227 E – Nib = Nibujón LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Pie = Piedra La Vela Pin = Pinalito Qui = Quiviján Sta = Santa María Tab = Tabajó Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 265 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC Pino de Australia – – – Yam Yagruma Tol Cup – Tab Casuarinaceae 228 Casuarina sp. Cecropiaceae 229 Cecropia schreberiana Miq. Celastraceae 230 231 232 233 234 235 Crossopetalum shaferi (Britton & Urb.) Alain – – – – Yam Crossopetalum ternifolium (Urb.) Alain subsp. moaense Borhidi & O. Muñiz – – – X – Maytenus buxifolia Griseb. subsp. serpentine Borhidi & O. Muñiz – – – X – Maytenus loeseneri Urb. Sangre de toro – Cup – Tab Torralbasia cuneifolia (C. Wright ex A. Gray) Krug & Urb. ex Seguí subsp. cuneifolia – – Cup – – Torralbasia cuneifolia (C. Wright ex A. Gray) Krug & Urb. ex Seguí subsp. verrucosa Borhidi – Tol – – – – – – – – Chloranthaceae 236 Hedyosmum nutans S . w Chrysobalanaceae 237 Chrysobalanus icaco L. – – – – Yam 238 Hirtella triandra Sw. – – Cup Mel, Coc – – – Cup Coc Ibe, Tab Clethraceae 239 Clethra cubensis A. Rich. Clusiaceae 266 240 Calophyllum antillanum Britton – – Cup Coc – 241 Calophyllum rivulare Bisse – – – – X 242 Calophyllum utile Bisse Ocuje colorado Pie, Tol Cup Mel, Tet Ibe, Pin 243 Clusia callosa Britton & P. Wilson – Tol – – – 244 Clusia grisebachiana (Planch. & Triana) Alain – Pie, Tol Cup – – 245 Clusia minor L. Copeicillo Tol – – – 246 Clusia moaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz – Tol – – – 247 Clusia monocarpa Urb. – Tol – – – 248 Clusia munizii Borhidi – – – Mel – 249 Clusia rosea Jacq. Cupey Tol Cup Tet, Coc Ibe, Yam 250 Clusia tetrastigma Vesque Copeicillo – Cup Mel Ibe 251 Garcinia ophiticola (Borhidi) Borhidi – – Cup – Yam 252 Garcinia polyneura (Urb.) Borhidi – Tol – – – 253 Garcinia revoluta (Urb.) Borhidi – – – – Ibe 254 Garcinia ruscifolia (Griseb.) Lourteig – Pie, Tol – – – 255 Marila dissitiflora Wright – – – Coc – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status 228 I – 229 N – 230 E – 231 E – 232 E – 233 E – 234 E – 235 E – Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano Ibe = Monte Iberia Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve Mel = La Melba Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable Nib = Nibujón LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Pie = Piedra La Vela Pin = Pinalito Qui = Quiviján 236 N – 237 N – 238 N – 239 E – 240 N – 241 E – 242 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 243 E – Vie = Viento Frío 244 E – Yam = Yamanigüey 245 N – X 246 E – 247 E – 248 E – 249 N – 250 E – 251 E – 252 E – 253 E – 254 E – 255 E – Sta = Santa María Tab = Tabajó Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo Tum = El Tumbadero = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 267 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – – – – X – – – Coc Tac Combretaceae 256 Bucida buceras L 257 Bucida subinermis Bisse 258 Buchenavia tetraphylla (Aublet) R.A. Howard – Pie – Mel, Tet Sta 259 Conocarpus erecta L. var. erecta – – – – X 260 Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn. – – – – X Terminalia chicharronia Wright ex Sauvalle (Terminalia eriostachya A. Rich.?) – – – – – 262 Terminalia nipensis Alain – Tol Cup Coc Tab 263 Terminalia orientensis Monach. – – – Mel – 261 . Commelinaceae 264 Commelina erecta L. Canutillo – – Mel – 265 Commelina diffusa Burm. f. Canutillo – – Jag, Coc – Sangre de toro bejuco – – – Pin, Tab Connaraceae 266 Connarus reticulatus Griseb. Convolvulaceae 267 Evolvulus bracei House – – – – Yam 268 Ipomoea carolina L. – Tol Cup – Ibe, Yam 269 Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf. – X – – – – – – – – Costaceae 270 Costus cf. spicatus (Jacq.) Sw. Cucurbitaceae 271 Fevillea cordifolia L. 272 Momordica charantia L. Javilla – – Mel – – – – – – Tol Cup – Ibe – Coc – Cundeamor Cunoniaceae 273 Weinmannia pinnata L. Cyperaceae 274 Cyperus alternifolius L. Quitasol chino – 275 Dichromena (Rhynchospora) colorata (L.) A.S. Hitchc. Estrella blanca – – Coc Qui 276 Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) S.F. Blake – – – Coc Yam, Tac 277 Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl.) Roem. & Schult. – – – – X Fimbristylis cymosa (Lam.) R. Br. subsp. spathacea (Roth.) T. Koyama – – – – Yam 279 Machaerina cubensis (Kük.) T. Koyama – Pie, Tol Cup – Ibe 280 Machaerina filifolia Griseb. – – – Ibe 281 Machaerina restioides (Sw.) Vahl – – Cup – Qui 282 Rhynchospora berteroi (Spreng.) C.B. Clarke – – – – Ibe 283 Rhynchospora cernua Griseb. – – Cup – – 284 Rhynchospora comata (Link) Roem. & Schult. – – Cup – – 278 268 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status 256 N – 257 E – 258 N – 259 N – 260 N – 261 E – 262 E – 263 E – Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano Ibe = Monte Iberia Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve Mel = La Melba Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable 264 N – Nib = Nibujón 265 N – Pie = Piedra La Vela 266 E – 267 N – 268 N – 269 N – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 270 I – Tet = Tetas de Julia LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Pin = Pinalito Qui = Quiviján Sta = Santa María Tab = Tabajó Tol = El Toldo 271 N – Tum = El Tumbadero 272 N – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 273 N – 274 N – 275 N – 276 N – 277 N – 278 N – 279 E – 280 E – 281 N – 282 N – 283 E – 284 N – Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 269 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name – Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – – Tet – 285 Rhynchospora cyperoides Mart. 286 Rhynchospora mayarensis León – – – Mel – 287 Rhynchospora pruinosa Griseb. var. pruinosa – Pie, Tol – – Ibe, Tab 288 Rhynchospora pusilla Chapm. – – – – – 289 Rhynchospora simplex (Kük.) Kük. – – Cup – – 290 Rhynchospora tenuis Link var. tenuis – – Cup – – 291 Rhynchospora sp. 1 – – – – Yam 292 Rhynchospora sp. 2 – – – – Yam 293 Scleria cubensis Boeck. – – Cup – – 294 Scleria georgiana Core – – Cup – – 295 Scleria havanensis Britton – X – – – 296 Scleria melaleuca Rchb. ex Schlecht. & Cham. – – – Mel – 297 Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth – – – – Tab 298 Scleria pilosissima Britton – – Cup – – 299 Scleria secans (L.) Urb. – Pie Cup – Ibe 300 Scleria sp. 1 – – – – Yam 301 Scleria sp. 2 – – – – Yam 302 sp. 1 – – – – Yam Cyrillaceae 303 Cyrilla cubensis P. Wilson – Tol – Mel Ibe 304 Cyrilla nipensis Urb. – Pie, Tol Cup Tet Ibe 305 Cyrilla nitidissima Urb. – Tol – – 306 Cyrilla racemiflora L. – Tol Cup – Ibe, Yam 307 Purdiaea ekmanii Vict. – Tol – – – 308 Purdiaea moaensis Vict. – – – Mel Yam 309 Purdiaea ophiticola Vict. var. parvifolia Vict. – Tol – – Ibe 310 Purdiaea shaferi Britton & P. Wilson – – – Mel Ibe, Yam 311 Purdiaea stenopetala Griseb. var. stenopetala – – Cup – Ibe, Yam 312 Purdiaea stereosepala J.L. Thomas – Tol – – – 313 Purdiaea velutina Britton & P. Wilson – – Cup – Yam Chloranthaceae 314 Hedyosmum crassifolium Urb. – To –l – – 315 Hedyosmum grisebachii Solms – – Cup – – 316 Hedyosmum nutans Sw. – Tol – Coc Ibe 317 Hedyosmum subintegrum Urb. – Tol – – Ibe Dichapetalaceae 270 318 Tapura cubensis (Poepp.) Griseb. subsp. cubensis – Pie, Tol Cup Tet Ibe, Qui 319 Tapura orientensis Köler, ined.? Vigueta naranjo – Cup Coc – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 285 N – 286 E – 287 N – 288 N – 289 N – 290 N – 291 N? – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 292 N? – Ibe = Monte Iberia 293 N – 294 N – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 295 E – Mel = La Melba 296 N – Nib = Nibujón 297 N – Pie = Piedra La Vela 298 E – Pin = Pinalito 299 N – Qui = Quiviján 300 N? – Sta = Santa María 301 N? – Tab = Tabajó 302 N? – 303 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 304 E – 305 N – 306 N – 307 E – 308 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 309 E – Vie = Viento Frío 310 E – Yam = Yamanigüey 311 E – X 312 E – 313 E – 314 E – 315 E – 316 N – 317 E – 318 E – 319 E – Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo Tum = El Tumbadero = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 271 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC Dilleniaceae 320 Davilla nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki (“D. rugosa” auct. Fl. Cuba) – – – – – 321 Tetracera volubilis L. Bejuco guara – – – – Dioscoraceae 322 Dioscorea grisebachii Kunth – – Cup – – 323 Rajania angustifolia Sw. – Pie – – – 324 Rajania baracoensis Knuth. – Tol Cup Jag, Mel, Coc – 325 Rajania ovata S . – – – – X 326 Rajania tenuiflora Knuth – Pie, Tol – – – 327 Rajania sp. – – – Tet – – Tol – – Ibe – – Cup – – Achotillo Pie, Tol Cup Mel, Coc X w Droseraceae 328 Drosera moaensis C. Panfet Valdes Ebenaceae 329 Diospyros caribaea (A. DC.) Standl Elaeocarpaceae 330 Sloanea curatellifolia Griseb. Ericaceae 331 Lyonia affinis (A. Rich.) Urb. – – – Mel – 332 Lyonia elliptica (C. Wright ex Small) Alain – – Ver – – 333 Lyonia glandulosa (A. Rich.) Urb. var. glandulosa – Tol Cup – Ibe 334 Lyonia glandulosa (A. Rich.) Urb. var. revolutifolia Judd – Tol – X – Lyonia glandulosa (A. Rich.) Urb. var. toaensis (Acuña & Roig.) Berazaín – – – – X Lyonia latifolia (A. Rich.) Urb. subsp. calycosa (Small) Borhidi – X – X – 337 Lyonia lippoldii Berazaín & Bisse – Tol – – Ibe 338 Lyonia macrophylla (Britton) Ekman ex Urb. – Pie, Tol Cup Mel Ibe, Yam 339 Lyonia nipensis Urb. var. depressinerva (Judd) Borhidi – X X – – 340 Lyonia nipensis Urb. var. nipensis – Tol Cup – – 341 Lyonia obtusa Griseb. – – Cup – X 342 Lyonia sp. – – – Coc – 343 Symphysia alainii (Acuña & Roig.) Berazaín – Tol – – Ibe 344 Vaccinium alainii Acuña & Roig. – Tol Cup – – 345 Vaccinium cubense Griseb. var. cubense – Pie – – Ibe, Yam Vaccinium cubense Griseb. var. giganteum (Bisse) Berazaín – – Cup – X Vaccinium shaferi Acuña & Roig. – – – Mel – 335 336 346 347 272 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 320 N – 321 N – 322 E – 323 N – 324 E – 325 N – 326 E – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 327 N? – Mel = La Melba Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano Ibe = Monte Iberia Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable Nib = Nibujón LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk 328 E – 329 N – 330 E – 331 E – 332 E PEL Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 333 E – Tet = Tetas de Julia 334 E – Tol = El Toldo 335 E – Tum = El Tumbadero 336 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 337 E – Vie = Viento Frío 338 E – Yam = Yamanigüey 339 E – X 340 E – 341 E – 342 E? – 343 E – 344 E – 345 E – 346 E – 347 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela Pin = Pinalito Qui = Quiviján Sta = Santa María Tab = Tabajó = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 273 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – Eriocaulaceae 348 Paepalanthus brittoni Moldenke – Tol – – 349 Paepalanthus moaensis Gonz. Geigel – Tol – – – 350 Paepalanthus pungens Griseb. – – – – Yam 351 Paepalanthus riparius Moldenke – – – – Ibe Erythroxylaceae 352 Erythroxylum coriaceum Britton & P. Wilson – – – Mel, Tet, Coc Ibe, Yam 353 Erythroxylum longipes O.E. Schulz – Pie, Tol Cup Mel Ibe, Yam, Pin, Tab 354 Erythroxylum rotundifolium Lunan – – – – Ya m Euphorbiaceae 355 Alchornea latifolia Sw. – Pie Cup Coc – 356 Aleurites fordii Hemsl. – – – – – 357 Chaetocarpus acutifolius (Britton & P. Wilson) Borhidi – Pie – Jag, Mel Ibe Chaetocarpus globosus (Sw.) Fawc. Rendle subsp. oblongatus (Alain) Borhidi (Mettenia oblongata) – Tol – Mel – Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. var. procumbens (DC.) Croizat in Moldenke Lechera – – – Qui 360 Croton monogynus Urb. – Tol Cup – Yam 361 Croton vaccinioides A. Rich. – – Cup – 362 Croton sp. – – – – 363 Ditta myricoides Griseb. – Pie, Tol Cup Tet, Coc – 364 Drypetes glomerata Griseb. Chicharrón de costa Pie – – – 365 Drypetes lateriflora (Sw.) Krug & Urb. Hueso de monte – – – – Euphorbia helenae Urb. subsp. grandifolia Borhidi & O. Muñiz – – – – Ib 367 Euphorbia helenae Urb. subsp. helenae – Pie, Tol Cup Mel, Tet Yam 368 Euphorbia munizii Borhidi – – – Mel, Tet – 369 Euphorbia podocarpifolia Urb. – – – – Ibe 370 Gymnanthes albicans (Griseb.) Urb. – – – Coc Sta 371 Gymnanthes recurva Urb. – Tol – – – 372 Hieronyma cubana Müll. Arg. – – – Jag – 373 Hieronyma nipensis Urb. – Pie, Tol – Mel, Coc, Tet Ibe 374 Hieronyma ovata Urb. – – Cup – – 375 Hieronyma pallida Müll. Arg. – – Cup – – 376 Leucocroton dictyophyllus Urb. – – – – Yam 377 Leucocroton havanensis Borhidi – – Cup Mel – 378 Leucocroton linearifolius Britton – Tol – Mel Yam 358 359 366 274 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Yam e Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status 348 E – 349 E – 350 E – 351 E – 352 E – 353 E – 354 N – Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano Ibe = Monte Iberia Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve Mel = La Melba Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable Nib = Nibujón LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk 355 N – 356 I – 357 E – 358 N – 359 N – Tab = Tabajó 360 E – 361 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 362 E? – 363 N – 364 N – 365 N – 366 E – 367 E – Yam = Yamanigüey 368 E – X 369 E – 370 E – 371 E – 372 E – 373 E – 374 E – 375 E – 376 E – 377 E – 378 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela Pin = Pinalito Qui = Quiviján Sta = Santa María Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo Tum = El Tumbadero Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas Vie = Viento Frío = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 275 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC Tol – – Ibe, Yam Leucocroton pachyphyllus Urb. 380 Margaritaria tetracocca (Baill.) G.L. Webster – Tol – – – 381 Moacroton ekmanii (Urb.) Croizat – – – Mel – 382 Moacroton lanceolatus Alain – – – – – 383 Moacroton leonis Croizat – – – – Yam 384 Moacroton tetramerus Borhidi & O. Muñiz – – – – Ibe 385 Moacroton sp. – – – Tet – 386 Pera bumeliifolia Griseb. Jiquí Tol Cup – – 387 Pera ekmanii Urb. – Tol Cup Mel Ibe 388 Pera longipes Britton & P. Wilson – Tol – Mel, Tab – 389 Pera ovalifolia Urb. – Pie – – – 390 Pera pallidifolia Britton & P. Wilson – – – – Yam 391 Pera polylepis Urb. subsp. polylepis – – – Mel Yam 392 Phyllanthus chamaecristoides Urb. subsp. baracoensis (Urb.) G.L. Webster – Tol Cup Mel – 393 Phyllanthus chamaecristoides Urb. subsp. chamaecristoides – Tol – – Ibe 394 Phyllanthus chryseus R.A. Howard – – – – Yam 395 Phyllanthus discolor Poepp. ex Spreng. – – Cup – – 396 Phyllanthus aff. incrustatus Urb. – Tol – Mel Ibe, Yam 397 Phyllanthus microdictyus Urb. – – – Mel Tab 398 Phyllanthus mirificus G.L. Webster – X – – – 399 Phyllanthus myrtilloides Griseb. subsp. myrtilloides – Pie Cup – – Phyllanthus myrtilloides Griseb. subsp. shaferi (Urb.) G.L. Webster – Pie – – Ibe 401 Phyllanthus orbicularis Kunth – Tol – – Yam 402 Phyllanthus pachystylus Urb. – – Cup – – 403 Platygyna leonis Alain – – – Mel – 404 Ricinus communis L. Higuereta – – – – 405 Sapium adenodon Griseb. – Tol – – – 406 Sapium cubense Britton & P. Wilson – – – Mel, Coc – 407 Sapium laurifolium (A. Rich.) Griseb. (S. jamaicense) Piniche – – Mel – 408 Sapium moaense Alain – – Cup – – 409 Sapium sp. – – – Coc – 410 Savia clementis Alain – – – Mel – 411 Savia clusiifolia Griseb. – – Cup – – 412 Savia cuneifolia Urb. – Tol – – – 413 Tragia hexandra Jacq. – Pie Cup – Ibe, Sta 414 Tragia obovata (Borhidi) Borhidi – Tol – – – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 – Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities 379 400 276 Nombre común/ Common name Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 379 E – 380 E – 381 E – 382 E – 383 E – 384 E – 385 E? – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 386 N – Ibe = Monte Iberia 387 E – 388 E – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 389 E – Mel = La Melba 390 E – Nib = Nibujón 391 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela 392 E – Pin = Pinalito 393 E – 394 E – 395 E – 396 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 397 E – Tet = Tetas de Julia 398 E – Tol = El Toldo 399 E – Tum = El Tumbadero 400 E – 401 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 402 E – Vie = Viento Frío 403 E – Yam = Yamanigüey 404 I – X 405 E – 406 E – 407 N – 408 E – 409 N – 410 E – 411 E – 412 E – 413 E – 414 E – Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Qui = Quiviján Sta = Santa María Tab = Tabajó = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 277 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name 415 Nombre común/ Common name Tragia volubilis L . Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – – – – – X Fabaceae – Caesalpinioideae 416 Caesalpinia nipensis Urb. – – X Mel 417 Chamaecrista bucherae (Moldenke) H.S. Irwin & Barneby – – – – Yam 418 Chamaecrista cupeyalensis A. Barreto & Yakovlev – – Cup – – 419 Chamaecrista falcifoliolata A. Barreto & Yakovlev – Pie – – 420 Chamaecrista lineata (Sw.) Greene var. lineata – – Cup – Yam Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench. subsp. patellaria (DC. ex Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. brevicarpellata A. Barreto & Yakovlev – Pie – – – 421 422 Guibourtia hymenaefolia (Moric.) J. Léonard Caguairán – – Mel Sta 423 Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Guacamaya francesa – – Coc – Senna benitoensis (Britton & P. Wilson) H.S. Irwin & Barneby – Tol Cup Mel – Senna gundlachii (Urb.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby subsp. esmeraldensis (Alain) A. Barreto & Yakovlev Camarón – Cup – – Senna ligustrina (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby – – – – – Senna shaferi (Britton & P. Wilson) A. Barreto & Yakovlev – Tol – – – Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. spectabilis – Pie – Coc – Yam, Qui 424 425 426 427 428 Fabaceae – Faboideae 278 429 Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. Maní cimarrón – – Coc 430 Andira inermis (W. Wright) Kunth ex DC. Yaba – – – – 431 Ateleia cubensis Griseb. var. cubensis Rala de gallina Tol – – – 432 Brya chrysogonii León & Alain – – – – – 433 Brya subinermis León & Alain – – Cup Mel, Coc Sta 434 Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. – Pie – – Qui 435 Crotalaria incana L – – – – – 436 Crotalaria pallida Aiton – – – – Tab 437 Crotalaria retusa L. Maromera Pie – – Qui 438 Dalbergia brownei (Jacq.) Schinz – – – – X 439 Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L.) Taub. – – – – X 440 Desmodium incanum DC. var. incanum (D. canum) Empanadilla Pie – Mel, Tet, Coc – 441 Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Amor seco – – Coc Qui 442 Desmodium sp. – – – Coc – 443 Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F. Cook Búcare – – – – 444 Galactia brachyodon Griseb. – – – – Ta 445 Galactia earlei Britton subsp. earlei – – Cup Mel Yam RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES . I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 b Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 415 E – 416 E – 417 E VUL 418 E – 419 E – 420 N – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 421 E – Ibe = Monte Iberia Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 422 E – Mel = La Melba 423 N – Nib = Nibujón 424 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela 425 E – 426 N? – Tab = Tabajó 427 E – 428 N – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Pin = Pinalito Qui = Quiviján Sta = Santa María Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo 429 N – Tum = El Tumbadero 430 N – 431 N – 432 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 433 E – Vie = Viento Frío 434 N – Yam = Yamanigüey 435 N – X 436 N – 437 N – 438 N – 439 N – 440 N – 441 N – 442 – – 443 N – 444 E – 445 N – = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 279 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC 446 Galactia earlei Britton subsp. toaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz – – – – X 447 Galactia revoluta Urb. – Pie Cup – – 448 Galactia rudolphioides (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. – Tol Cup – Tab 449 Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. Piñón florido Pie – Coc – 450 Harpalyce baracoensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz – Tol – – – 451 Harpalyce cubensis Griseb. – – – – Yam, Tab 452 Harpalyce ekmanii Urb. – – – – Ibe 453 Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb. Maribari – – – Qui 454 Mucuna urens (L.) Medik. – – – – – 455 Poitea gracilis (Griseb.) Lavin – – – – Yam, Nib 456 Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich. – – – – Qui – Pie – Jag, Mel Ibe Fabaceae – Mimosoideae 457 Abarema asplenifolia (Griseb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes 458 Abarema glauca (Urb.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes Abey – – – Pin 459 Abarema nipensis (Britton) Barneby & J.W. Grimes – Pie Cup Mel Ibe 460 Abarema obovalis (A. Rich.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes Encinillo – Cup – Pin 461 Acacia bucheri Vict. – X – – X 462 Calliandra enervis (Britton) Urb. – Tol – Mel Ibe Calliandra pauciflora (A. Rich.) Griseb. subsp. nipensis (Britton & Rose) Bässler – X Cup – – 464 Cojoba arborea (L.) Britton & Rose – Pie Cup Coc – 465 Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. Marabú – – – – 466 Entada gigas (L.) Fawc. & Rendle Poja – – Coc Qui 467 Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. Guamá de Puerto Rico Pie – – – 468 Inga vera Willd. subsp. vera – Pie – Coc – 469 Mimosa pudica L. Dormidera – – Coc – 470 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Algarrobo – – X – 463 Flacourtiaceae 280 471 Casearia aculeata Jacq. Jía brava X – X X 472 Casearia aquifolia C. Wright – – – – X 473 Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb. subsp. arborea Guasimilla Pie Cup X Qui 474 Casearia bissei J.E. Gut. – X – – X 475 Casearia emarginata C. Wright ex Griseb. – – – – X 476 Casearia guianensis (Aubl.) Urb. Jía amarilla – – – X 477 Casearia moaensis Vict. – Tol – – Tab 478 Casearia ophiticola Vict. – Pie, Tol Cup – Yam 479 Casearia sylvestris Sw. subsp. myricoides Griseb. – X Cup Coc – 480 Casearia sylvestris Sw. subsp. sylvestris – Pie Cup Coc – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 446 E – 447 E – 448 N – 449 N – 450 E – 451 E – 452 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 453 N – Ibe = Monte Iberia 454 N – 455 E – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 456 N – Mel = La Melba E 458 459 E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable Nib = Nibujón 457 Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk – Pie = Piedra La Vela N – Pin = Pinalito E – Qui = Quiviján 460 N – Sta = Santa María 461 E PEL Tab = Tabajó 462 E – 463 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 464 E – Tet = Tetas de Julia 465 I – Tol = El Toldo 466 N – Tum = El Tumbadero 467 N – 468 N – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 469 N – 470 N – 471 N – 472 E – 473 N – 474 E – 475 N – 476 N – 477 E – 478 E – 479 E – 480 N – Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 281 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC 481 Laetia ternstroemioides Griseb. – Pie Cup Mel – 482 Laetia thamnia L. – – – Coc – 483 Lunania cubensis Turcz. Lunania X Cup Mel X 484 Lunania dodecandra C. Wright – – – Mel X 485 Lunania subcoriacea Britton & P. Wilson – – Cup Mel X 486 Xylosma buxifolia A. Gray Hueso de costa Tol – X X 487 Xylosma iberiensis J.E. Gut. – – – – Ibe 488 Xylosma infestum Griseb. – Pie Cup – – 489 Xylosma sp. – – – – Yam 490 Zuelania guidonia (Sw.) Britton & Millsp. – X – X X Gentianaceae 491 Bisgoeppertia scandens (Spreng.) Urb. – Tol Cup – – 492 Lisianthius glandulosus A. Rich. – Pie, Tol Cup – Ibe 493 Lisianthius silenifolius (Griseb.) Urb. – Tol – – – 494 Macrocarpaea pinetorum Alain – Tol Cup – Ibe 495 Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Pers. – – Cup Mel – 496 Voyria parasitica (Schltdl. & Cham.) Ruyters & Maas – – – Mel, Coc – – Gesneriaceae 497 Columnea tincta Griseb. – – Cup Coc 498 Columnea cubensis (Urb.) Britton (C. sanguinea) – – – Coc Ibe 499 Gesneria acuminata Urb. – – – Coc – 500 Gesneria bracteosa Urb. – – Cup – – 501 Gesneria cubensis (Decne.) Baill. – – Cup – – 502 Gesneria depressa (Griseb.) Urb. – – – – – 503 Gesneria duchartreoides (C. Wright) Urb. – Tol – Jag, Mel, Coc Ibe 504 Gesneria lopezii C.V. Morton – – – – – 505 Gesneria norlindii Urb. – Pie Cup Mel, Coc Tab 506 Gesneria shaferi Urb. – – – – Sta 507 Gesneria viridiflora (Decne.) Kuntze – – – Jag – 508 Gesneria sp. – – – Coc – 509 Rhytidophyllum villosulum (Urb.) C.V. Morton – Pie Cup Coc Qui, Tab – Pie, Tol Cup – Ibe, Yam Plátano cimarrón – – Mel, Coc – Goodeniaceae 510 Scaevola wrightii (Griseb.) M. Gómez Heliconiaceae 511 Heliconia caribaea Lam. Hippocrateaceae 282 512 Hippocratea volubilis L. Bejuco de vieja – – Mel – 513 Salacia wrightii Urb. – Pie, Tol – – – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 481 E – 482 N – 483 E VUL 484 E PEL 485 E – 486 N – 487 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 488 E – Ibe = Monte Iberia 489 E? – 490 N – Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve Mel = La Melba Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable 491 N – Nib = Nibujón 492 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela 493 E – Pin = Pinalito 494 E – Qui = Quiviján 495 N – Sta = Santa María 496 N – Tab = Tabajó 497 E – 498 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 499 E – 500 E – 501 E – 502 E – 503 E – 504 E – 505 E – 506 E – 507 E – 508 E – 509 E – 510 E – 511 N – 512 N – 513 E – LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo Tum = El Tumbadero Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 283 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC Hypericaceae 514 Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz. – Pie Cup – – 515 Hypericum nitidum Lam. – Tol Cup – – Hypericum styphelioides A. Rich. subsp. orientensis Lippold – – Cup Mel – Hypericum styphelioides A. Rich. subsp. styphelioides – Tol – – Ibe, Yam Illicium cubense A.C. Sm. subsp. cubense Anís Tol Cup Mel Ibe Illicium cubense A.C. Sm. subsp. bissei N.N. Imkhanitskaya – – – X – 516 517 Illiciaceae 518 519 Lamiaceae 520 Hyptis armillata Epling – – – Jag, Mel – 521 Hyptis capitata Jacq. – – – Coc Qui 522 Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. – X – Mel X 523 Ocimum basilicum L. Albahaca – – – – 524 Ocimum gratissimum L. Albahaca cimarrona – – – – 525 Salvia cubensis Britton & P. Wilson – Tol X Coc X 526 Salvia speirematoides C. Wright – Tol – – – Lauraceae 527 Beilschmiedia pendula (Sw.) Hemsl. – Pie Cup Mel – 528 Cassytha filiformis L. – – – – Yam 529 Cinnamomum elongatum (Nees) Kosterm. – Pie – – – 530 Cinnamomum montanum (Swartz) Presl. – – Cup – – 531 Nectandra hihua (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohwer? – – – – – 532 Ocotea baracoensis Borhidi & Imkhan. – – – X – 533 Ocotea coriacea (Sw.) Britton – – – – X 534 Ocotea cuneata (Griseb.) M. Gómez – – – – Qui 535 Ocotea floribunda (Sw.) Mez – Pie – Coc – 536 Ocotea leucoxylon (Sw.) Laness. – Pie Cup Jag, Coc Ibe 537 Ocotea moaensis Bisse – – Cup – – 538 Ocotea spathulata Mez – Pie, Tol – Tet Ibe, Qui 539 Ocotea wrightii (Meisn.) Mez – 540 Persea americana Mill. Aguacate – Cup Mel Tab – – – – Lentibulariaceae 284 541 Pinguicula benedicta Barnhart – – Cup Mel Ibe 542 Pinguicula lignicola Barnhart – Tol – – Ibe 543 Utricularia cf. hydrocarpa Vahl – – – – Tum 544 Utricularia sp. 1 – – – – Yam RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status 514 N – 515 N – 516 E – 517 E – Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 518 E – Ibe = Monte Iberia 519 E – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve Mel = La Melba Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable 520 E – Nib = Nibujón 521 N – Pie = Piedra La Vela 522 N – Pin = Pinalito 523 I – Qui = Quiviján 524 N – Sta = Santa María 525 E – Tab = Tabajó 526 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 527 N – Tet = Tetas de Julia 528 N – Tol = El Toldo 529 N – Tum = El Tumbadero 530 N – 531 N? – 532 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 533 N – Vie = Viento Frío 534 N – Yam = Yamanigüey 535 N – X 536 N – 537 E – 538 N – 539 N – 540 I – 541 E – 542 E – 543 E? – 544 N? – LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 285 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name 545 Nombre común/ Common name Utricularia sp. 2 Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – Tol – – – – – – – – – Tol – X – – Pie, Tol X X X Liliaceae 546 Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev. Linaceae 547 Linum cubense Bisse Loranthaceae 548 Dendropemon lepidotus (Krug. & Urb.) A. Leiva & I. Arias subsp. lepidotus Lythraceae 549 Cuphea sp. – – – – – 550 Ginoria americana Jacq. – – – – – Magnoliaceae 551 Magnolia cristalensis Bisse – – Cup – – 552 Magnolia cubensis Urb. subsp. cubensis Marañón de sierra alta Tol Cup – Ibe 553 Talauma minor Urb. subsp. minor Marañón de costa – Cup – – 554 Talauma minor Urb. subsp. oblongifolia (León) Borhidi – Tol Cup Mel, Coc – 555 Talauma ophiticola Bisse – Tol – – – Ibe Malpighiaceae 556 Banisteria pauciflora Kunth – Tol – – 557 Byrsonima biflora Griseb. – Pie, Tol Cup Jag, Coc Ibe, Yam 558 Byrsonima bucherae Moldenke – – – – Yam, Nib 559 Byrsonima coriacea (Sw.) DC. – – – – Tab 560 Byrsonima martiana A. Juss. – – – – – 561 Byrsonima minutifolia Alain, ined.? – – – – Yam 562 Byrsonima orientensis Bisse – – – – X 563 Heteropterys laurifolia (L.) A. Juss. – – – – Qui 564 Malpighia cnide Spreng. – – – – Yam 565 Malpighia martiana Acuña & Roig – Pie – Mel, Coc – 566 Malpighia setosa Spreng. – Tol – – – 567 Malpighia suberosa Small. Palo bronco – – – Ibe 568 Stigmaphyllon diversifolium (Kunth) A. Juss. – Tol – – – 569 Stigmaphyllon emarginatum (Cav.) A. Juss. – – – – – 570 Stigmaphyllon sagraeanum A. Juss. Bejuco San Pedro Tol Cup Jag, Mel, Coc Qui 571 Triopterys jamaicensis L. var. ovata – – Cup Mel, Coc – 572 Triopterys rigida Sw. – Pie, Tol – – – Majagua – – – – Malvaceae 573 286 Hibiscus elatus Sw. RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status 545 N? – 546 I – 547 E – 548 E – Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano Ibe = Monte Iberia 549 N? – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 550 N – Mel = La Melba Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable Nib = Nibujón LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk 551 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela 552 E – Pin = Pinalito 553 E – 554 E – 555 E – 556 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 557 E – Tet = Tetas de Julia 558 E – Tol = El Toldo 559 N – Tum = El Tumbadero 560 E 561 E – 562 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 563 N – 564 N – 565 E – 566 N – 567 E – 568 N – 569 N – 570 N – 571 N – 572 N – 573 N – Qui = Quiviján Sta = Santa María Tab = Tabajó Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 287 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Majagua hembra Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – Cup – – 574 Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda 575 Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle – – – – – 576 Sida acuta Burm. f. – – – – – 577 Sida rhombifolia L. 578 Urena lobata L Malva de cochino – – Coc Qui – – – – – Marcgravia evenia Krug. & Urb. subsp. evenia – Pie, Tol – Mel, Tet Ibe Marcgravia rectiflora Triana & Planch (M. trinitatis C. Presl.) – Tol Cup Mel, Coc Sta – – – – Ibe . Marcgraviaceae 579 580 Mayacaceae 581 Mayaca fluviatilis Aubl. Melastomataceae 582 Calycogonium acunanum Borhidi & O. Muñiz – – – X – 583 Calycogonium ellipticum C. Wright ex Sauvalle – – – Mel – 584 Calycogonium grisebachii Triana – Pie – Mel, Tet Ibe, Yam Calycogonium heterophyllum Naudin subsp. heterophyllum – – Cup Mel – Calycogonium moanum (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) – Pie – – – Calycogonium rosmarinifolium Griseb. subsp. rosmarinifolium – Pie – – Yam 588 Clidemia capituliflora Cogn. – Pie, Tol – – – 589 Clidemia erythropogon DC. – – – Mel 590 Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don Cordobán peludo X – Coc Qui 591 Clidemia rubrinervis Griseb. – – – Mel – Clidemia (Heterotrichum) umbellata (Mill.) L.O. Williams – – – Mel Qui 585 586 587 592 288 593 Graffenrieda sp. – – – – – 594 Henriettea acunae (Alain) Alain – – – Mel – 595 Henriettea squamata (Alain) Alain – – – – Ibe 596 Henriettea sp. – – – Tet, Coc – 597 Mecranium amygdalinum (Desr.) C. Wright – – Cup – – 598 Mecranium haemanthum Triana ex Cogn. – – Cup – – 599 Mecranium obtusifolium Cogn. – – – Mel – 600 Mecranium purpurascens (DC.) Triana – Tol – – – 601 Meriania leucantha (Sw) Sw. var. nana Triana – – Cup Jag, Mel, Coc Qui, Sta 602 Miconia alternifolia (Griseb.) Alain – Tol – – – 603 Miconia baracoensis Urb. – Pie, Tol Cup Coc Ibe, Yam, Tab 604 Miconia bucherae Alain – – Cup – – 605 Miconia cerasiflora Urb. var. cerasiflora Urb. – – Cup Mel – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 574 N – 575 N – 576 N – 577 N – 578 N – 579 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 580 N – Ibe = Monte Iberia N – E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 581 Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) Mel = La Melba Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable Nib = Nibujón LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk 582 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela 583 E – Pin = Pinalito 584 E – Qui = Quiviján 585 E – Sta = Santa María 586 E – 587 E – 588 E – Tet = Tetas de Julia 589 N – Tol = El Toldo 590 N – Tum = El Tumbadero 591 E – 592 N – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 593 E? – Vie = Viento Frío 594 E – Yam = Yamanigüey 595 E VUL X 596 E? – 597 N – 598 E – 599 E – 600 E – 601 E LR 602 E – 603 E – 604 E – 605 E – Tab = Tabajó Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 289 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC 606 Miconia dodecandra Cogn. Cordobancillo Tol – – – 607 Miconia elata (Sw.) DC. – Pie – Mel, Coc X 608 Miconia impetiolaris (Sw.) D. Don ex DC. Quitasolillo – – – – 609 Miconia laevigata (L.) D. Don – Tol Cup – Qui 610 Miconia mirabilis (Aubl.) L.O. Williams – Pie – Tet Ibe, Qui 611 Miconia moensis (Britton) Alain – Tol – – – 612 Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC. – Pie – Coc Qui 613 Miconia rufa (Griseb.) Triana – Tol – – – 614 Miconia shaferi Cogn. – Tol – – – 615 Miconia subcorymbosa Britton – Tol – – – 616 Miconia tetrandra (Sw.) D. Don ex G. Don – – Cup – – 617 Miconia uninervis Alain – – – – – 618 Miconia sp. 1 – – – – Yam 619 Miconia sp. 2 – – – Coc – 620 Mouriri purpurascens Urb. – – – – Sta 621 Mouriri spathulata Griseb. var. spathulata – – – Mel – 622 Ossaea elliptica Alain – – – Mel Tab 623 Ossaea granulata Urb. – – Cup Mel – 624 Ossaea moaensis Alain – – – Mel Ibe 625 Ossaea muricata Triana – – – – Qu 626 Ossaea ovatifolia Urb. – – – Mel – 627 Ossaea pauciflora Urb. – Pie, Tol – Mel Yam 628 Ossaea pinetorum Alain – To –l – – 629 Ossaea pulchra Alain – Tol Cup – – 630 Ossaea rufescens Triana – Tol Cup Mel Ibe, Tab 631 Ossaea shaferi Britton & P. Wilson – Tol – Mel Ibe 632 Pachyanthus oleifolius Griseb. – – Cup – – 633 Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. – – – – X 634 Tetrazygiopsis laxiflora (Naud.) Borhidi – – – – Ibe 635 Tibouchina longifolia (Vahl) Baill. – – – Mel Qui 636 Votomita monantha (Urb.) Morley – Tol – Mel Ibe 637 sp. 1 – – – Tet – X Meliaceae 638 Carapa guianensis Aubl. Najesí – – Mel, Coc 639 Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer Yamagua Pie – Coc – 640 Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. Caoba de Cuba – Cup – – Menispermaceae 290 641 Cissampelos pareira L. – X – – – 642 Hyperbaena cubensis (Griseb.) Urb. – Pie Cup – – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 i Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 606 N – 607 N – 608 N – 609 N – 610 N – 611 E – 612 N – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 613 E – Ibe = Monte Iberia 614 E – 615 E – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 616 N – Mel = La Melba 617 E – Nib = Nibujón 618 N? – Pie = Piedra La Vela 619 N? – Pin = Pinalito 620 E – Qui = Quiviján 621 E – Sta = Santa María 622 E – Tab = Tabajó 623 E – 624 E – 625 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 626 E – 627 E – 628 E – 629 E – 630 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 631 E – Vie = Viento Frío 632 E – Yam = Yamanigüey 633 N – X 634 E – 635 N – 636 E – 637 E? – 638 N – 639 N – 640 N PEL 641 N – 642 E – Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo Tum = El Tumbadero = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 291 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name 643 Nombre común/ Common name Hyperbaena longiuscula Miers Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – – Cup Mel, Coc – – Moraceae 644 Artocarpus sp. – – – – 645 Dorstenia confusa Britton – – – – Nib 646 Dorstenia howardii León – – – Mel – 647 Ficus americana Aubl.? – – – – – 648 Ficus havanensis Rossberg – – – Jag – 649 Ficus maxima P. Mill. – – – – X 650 Ficus trigonata L. – Pie Cup – – 651 Ficus velutina Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. – Pie – Mel – 652 Pseudolmedia spuria (Sw.) Griseb. Macagua – Cup Coc – 653 Trophis racemosa (L.) Urb. Ramón – – Jag, Mel, Coc – Myricaceae 654 Myrica cerifera L. – – Cup – Tab 655 Myrica punctata Griseb. – Tol – – – 656 Myrica shaferi Urb. & Britton – Pie, Tol Cup Mel Yam Myrsinaceae 657 Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Camagüilla Pie, Tol – – Ibe 658 Myrsine cubana A. DC. – Tol – Coc Ibe, Tab Myrtaceae 292 659 Calycolpus cristalense (Urb.) Bisse – – X – – 660 Calycolpus lucens (Alain) Bisse – Tol – – Yam, Tac 661 Calycolpus nipense (Urb.) Bisse – – Cup – – 662 Calyptranthes apoda Urb. – – – – Ibe 663 Calyptranthes baracoensis Borhidi – – – X – 664 Calyptranthes bialata Urb. – – – – Yam 665 Calyptranthes calyptrata Griseb. – – Cup – – 666 Calyptranthes compressa Urb. – – – Jag Ibe 667 Calyptranthes linearis Alain – – – Mel – 668 Calyptranthes mirabilis Bisse & A. Rodríguez – – – Mel – 669 Calyptranthes moaensis Alain – Tol – Mel – 670 Calyptranthes monocarpa Urb. – Pie – – – 671 Calyptranthes pallens Griseb. – – Cup – – 672 Calyptranthes pseudoapoda Bisse & A. Rodríguez – – – – Yam 673 Calyptranthes punctata Griseb. – – – – Yam 674 Calyptranthes rostrata Blume – – Cup – – 675 Calyptranthes subcapitata Urb. – – – – Ibe 676 Eugenia alainii Borhidi – Pie – – – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 643 E – 644 I – 645 E – 646 E – 647 N – 648 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 649 N – Ibe = Monte Iberia 650 N – 651 N – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 652 N – Mel = La Melba 653 N – Nib = Nibujón Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Pie = Piedra La Vela Pin = Pinalito 654 N – Qui = Quiviján 655 E – Sta = Santa María 656 E – Tab = Tabajó 657 N – 658 N – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas Tet = Tetas de Julia 659 E – Tol = El Toldo 660 E – Tum = El Tumbadero 661 E – 662 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 663 E – 664 E – 665 E – 666 E – 667 E – 668 E – 669 E – 670 E – 671 N – 672 E – 673 E – 674 E PEL 675 E – 676 E – Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 293 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – – Mel – 677 Eugenia asperifolia O. Berg 678 Eugenia crenulata (Sw.) Willd. var. cubensis O. Berg – – – – Ibe 679 Eugenia grisebachii Krug. & Urb. – – Cup – Qui 680 Eugenia heterophylla A. Rich. – – Cup – – 681 Eugenia monticola (Sw.) DC. – Tol – – – 682 Eugenia pinetorum Urb. – Pie, Tol – Mel – 683 Eugenia pocsiana Borhidi – Tol – – – 684 Eugenia scaphephylla C. Wright – Tol Cup Mel – 685 Eugenia vitis–idaea C. Wright – – – Mel – 686 Gomidesia lindeniana O. Berg – Pie, Tol Cup Coc X 687 Hottea ekmanii (Urb.) Borhidi – – Cup Mel – 688 Hottea moana (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi – – – – Ibe 689 Mosiera ophiticola (Britton & P. Wilson) Bisse – Pie – – Yam 690 Mozartia albescens Alain – – – Mel – 691 Mozartia (Myrcia) gundlachii (Krug & Urb.) Urb. – To –l – – Myrciaria (Eugenia, Plina) floribunda (West ex Willd.) O. Berg – – Cup Mel – 693 Myrtus micarensis (Urb.) Bisse – – – – Nib 694 Pimenta filipes (Urb.) Burret Pimientica – – – Ibe 695 Pimenta odiolens (Urb.) Burret – – – Coc – Pimenta oligantha (Urb.) Burret (Mozartia emarginata Moldenke, Pimenta cubensis Urb.) – Pie Cup Mel, Coc – 697 Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore – – – – Ibe 698 Plinia baracoensis Borhidi – – – – Ibe, Tab 699 Plinia punctata Urb. – Tol – – – 700 Psidium balium Urb. – – – – Ibe 701 Psidium parvifolium Griseb. – – Cup – – 702 Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Pomarrosa, Pomarosa – – – – 703 Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry Albaricoque Pie – Mel – 692 696 – Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities Nyctaginaceae 704 Guapira rufescens (Heimerl) Lundell var. rufescens – Pie, Tol Cup Mel Yam 705 Pisonia aculeata L. – X – – – 706 Pisonia byrsonimifolia Heimerl & Ekman – – – – Tab 707 Pisonia moaensis Alain – – Cup – – 708 Pisonia sp. – – – Tet – Ochnaceae 294 709 Ouratea revoluta (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Engl. – Pie, Tol – Mel Ibe 710 Ouratea striata (Tiegh.) Urb. Guanabanilla Pie, Tol – Jag, Mel Ibe, Tab RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 677 E – 678 E – 679 E – 680 E – 681 E – 682 E – 683 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 684 E – Ibe = Monte Iberia 685 E – 686 N – 687 E 688 E – Nib = Nibujón 689 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela 690 E – Pin = Pinalito 691 E – Qui = Quiviján 692 E – Sta = Santa María 693 E – 694 E VUL 695 E VUL Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 696 E VUL Tet = Tetas de Julia 697 N – Tum = El Tumbadero 698 E – 699 E – 700 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 701 E – 702 I – 703 I – 704 E – 705 N – 706 E – 707 E – 708 E? – 709 E – 710 E – Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve Mel = La Melba Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Tab = Tabajó Tol = El Toldo Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 295 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name 711 Nombre común/ Common name Sauvagesia erecta (Planch.) Sastre subsp. brownei (Planchon) C. Sastre Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – – – – Ib – – – – Ibe Yam e Olacaceae 712 Schoepfia cubensis Britton & P. Wilson Oleaceae 713 Chionanthus cubensis (P. Wilson) Stearn – – Cup – 714 Chionanthus domingensis Lam. Caney Pie Cup Mel, Tet, Coc – 715 Chionanthus ligustrinus (Sw.) Pers. Perenqueta – Cup – 716 Chionanthus moncadae (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi – Tol – – – 717 Haenianthus variifolius Urb. – – – Mel Ibe – – – Coc Qui Ibe Onagraceae 718 Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven subsp. octovalvis Orchidaceae 296 719 Basiphyllaea volubilis (M.A. Díaz) Sosa & M.A. Díaz – Tol – – Pin 720 Bletia purpurea (Lam.) DC. – Tol – Tet – 721 Cochleanthes flabelliformis (Sw.) R.E. Schultes & Garay – – – – – 722 Comparettia falcata Poepp. & Endl. – – Cup – – 723 Cranichis sp. – – – – – 724 Dichaea hystricina Rchb. f. – Pie, Tol – – Ibe, Sta 725 Dinema cubincola (Borhidi) A. Dietr. – – Cup – – 726 Dilomilis bissei A. Dietr. – – – – Ibe 727 Dilomilis elata (Benth. & Hook.) Summerh. – Tol Cup – – 728 Dilomilis oligophylla (Schltr.) Summerh. – Tol – Mel Ibe, Yam 729 Eltroplectis calcarata (Sw.) Garay & H.R. Sweet – Pie – – – 730 Encyclia howardii (Ames ex Correll) A. Dietr. – – – Mel – 731 Encyclia phoenicea (Hook.) Schltr. – Tol – Mel – 732 Encyclia serrulata (Sw.) A. Dietr. – Tol – – – 733 Epidendrum difforme Jacq. – Pie – – – 734 Epidendrum jamaicense Lindl. – Tol – – – 735 Epidendrum latifolium (Lindl.) Garay & H.R. Sweet – Tol – – – 736 Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. San Pedro Pie, Tol – Coc Ibe, Qui, Tab 737 Epidendrum pygmaeum Hook. – – Cup – – 738 Epidendrum ramosum Jacq. – Tol – Coc – 739 Epidendrum rigidum Jacq. – Pie, Tol – Coc – 740 Epidendrum wrightii Lindl. – Tol – – – 741 Eulophia alta (L.) Fawc. & Rendle – Pie – Coc – 742 Eurystyles ananassocomos (Rchb. f.) Schltr. – – – – Vi 743 Galeandra beyrichii Rchb. f. – – – – – 744 Gudrunia tuerckheimii (Cogn.) Braem – Tol – – – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 e Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba 711 N Estatus mundial / Global status – Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities 712 E – Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito 713 E – Cup = Cupeyal del Norte 714 N – 715 N – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 716 E – 717 E – Ibe = Monte Iberia Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve Mel = La Melba 718 N – Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable Nib = Nibujón LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Pie = Piedra La Vela 719 E – Pin = Pinalito 720 N – Qui = Quiviján 721 N – Sta = Santa María 722 N – Tab = Tabajó 723 N? – 724 N – 725 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 726 E – Tet = Tetas de Julia 727 N – Tol = El Toldo 728 E – Tum = El Tumbadero 729 N – 730 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 731 E – 732 N – 733 N – 734 N – 735 N – 736 N – 737 N – 738 N – 739 N – 740 N – 741 N – 742 N – 743 N – 744 N – Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 297 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name 298 Nombre común/ Common name OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC Tol – – – 745 Habenaria alata Hook. 746 Habenaria monorrhiza (Sw.) Rchb. f. – – – – Pin 747 Habenaria quinqueseta (Michx.) Eaton – Pie – – – 748 Hexisea reflexa (Lindl.) Rchb. f. ex Griseb. – Pie – – – 749 Isochilus linearis (Jacq.) R. Br. – Pie, Tol – – Sta 750 Jacquiniella globosa (Jacq.) Schltr. – Pie, Tol – – Ibe 751 Jacquiniella teretifolia (Sw.) Britton & P. Wilson – Tol – – – 752 Lanium hioramii (Acuña & Roig) A. Dietr. – Tol Cup Mel – 753 Leochilus labiatus (Sw.) Kuntze – Pie – Coc – 754 Lepanthes sp. – – – Coc – 755 Malaxis unifolia Michx. – Pie, Tol – – – 756 Maxillaria conferta (Griseb.) C. Schweinf. ex León – – – – Sta 757 Maxillaria crassifolia (Lindl.) Reichb. f. – – – – – 758 Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. – Pie – Coc – 759 Oncidium luridum Lindl. – Pie – – – 760 Phaius tankervilliae (L’Her.) Blume – Pie, Tol Cup Tet, Coc X 761 Physinga polygonata (Lindl.) A. Dietr. – – – Mel, Coc – 762 Pleurothallis gelida Lindl. – Pie – Coc – 763 Pleurothallis velaticaulis Rchb. f. – – Cup – – 764 Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & H.R. Sweet – Pie – Coc – 765 Polystachya foliosa (Hook.) Rchb. f. – Pie – Coc – 766 Ponthieva pauciflora (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle. – Pie – – – 767 Prescottia stachyodes (Sw.) Lindl. – Pie – Coc – 768 Prosthechea boothiana (Lindl.) W.E. Higgins – Pie – – Tum 769 Prosthechea cochleata (L.) W.E. Higgins – Pie, Tol – Coc – 770 Prosthechea fragrans (Sw.) W.E. Higgins – Pie – Coc – 771 Sacoila squamulosa (Kunth) Garay – – – – Pin 772 Scaphyglottis modesta (Rchb. f.) Schltr. – – – Coc – 773 Spathoglottis plicata Blume – – – – Vie 774 Spiranthes torta (Thunb.) Garay & H.R. Sweet – Tol – – Pin 775 Stelis ekmanii Schltr. – – Cup – – 776 Tetramicra eulophiae Rchb. f. ex Griseb. – – – – Ya 777 Tolumnia usneoides (Lindl.) Braem – Tol – – – 778 Tolumnia variegata (Sw.) Braem – Pie – – – 779 Vanilla bicolor Lindl. – Pie, Tol Cup Coc Ibe, Yam, Tab 780 Vanilla dilloniana Correll – Tol – – – 781 Vanilla palmarum (Salzman ex Lindl.) Lindl. – – – X X 782 Vanilla poitaei Rchb. f. – – Cup – – 783 Wullschlaegelia aphylla (Sw.) Rchb. f. – – – Mel – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES – Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 m Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 745 N – 746 N – 747 N – 748 N – 749 N – 750 N – 751 N – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 752 E – Ibe = Monte Iberia 753 N – 754 E? – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 755 N – Mel = La Melba 756 N – Nib = Nibujón 757 N – Pie = Piedra La Vela 758 N – Pin = Pinalito 759 N – Qui = Quiviján 760 R – Sta = Santa María 761 N – Tab = Tabajó 762 N – 763 N – 764 N – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 765 N – 766 N – 767 N – 768 N – 769 N – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 770 N – Vie = Viento Frío 771 N – Yam = Yamanigüey 772 N – X 773 R – 774 N – 775 E – 776 E – 777 E – 778 N – 779 N – 780 N – 781 N – 782 N – 783 N – Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo Tum = El Tumbadero = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 299 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name 784 Nombre común/ Common name Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr. Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – – – – Tum Oxalidaceae 785 Oxalis corymbosa DC. – Pie – Coc – 786 Oxalis sp. – – – Coc – – – – – Papaveraceae 787 Bocconia frutescens L. Palo amarillo Passifloraceae 788 Passiflora capsularis L. – Pie – – – 789 Passiflora cubensis Urb. subsp. cubensis Güirito de pasión – Cup – X 790 Passiflora penduliflora Bertero ex DC. Pasionaria – Cup – – 791 Passiflora rubra L. – – Cup – – 792 Passiflora sexflora Juss. Pasionaria de cerca Pie – X 793 Passiflora suberosa L. Huevo de gallo – Cup – – – Pie – – X – X – – – – Tol Cup Mel Ibe, Yam Picramniaceae 794 Alvaradoa arborescens Griseb. 795 Picramnia pentandra S . w Pinaceae 796 Pinus cubensis Griseb. Piperaceae 797 Peperomia cubensis C. DC. – – Cup – – 798 Peperomia hernandiifolia (Vahl) A. Dietr. – Tol – – Ibe 799 Peperomia rotundifolia (L.) Kunth – – – – Sa 800 Peperomia wrightiana C. DC. – – – Mel – 801 Peperomia sp. 1 – – – Coc – 802 Peperomia sp. 2 – – – Coc – 803 Peperomia sp. 3 – – – Coc – 804 Piper aduncum L. subsp. aduncum – – Cup Jag, Coc Qui 805 Piper arboreum Aubl. subsp. arboreum – Pie, Tol – Mel, Coc Ibe, Sta Piper arboreum Aubl. subsp. holguinianum (Trel.) Saralegui – Tol – – – 807 Piper auritum Kunth – – – – – 808 Piper confusum C. DC. – – – Mel – 809 Piper hispidum Sw. – – – Mel – Pothomorphe peltata (L.) Miq. (Lepianthes peltata [L.] Raf. ex R.A. Howard) – – – – X 806 810 Poaceae 300 811 Andropogon bicornis L. Barba de indio – Cup – – 812 Andropogon (Schizachyrium) gracilis Spreng. Pajón hembra – Cup – – 813 Andropogon reinoldii León – – Cup – – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 t Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 784 N – 785 N – 786 N – 787 N – 788 N – 789 E – 790 N – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 791 N – Mel = La Melba 792 N – Nib = Nibujón 793 N – Pie = Piedra La Vela 794 E – Qui = Quiviján 795 N – Sta = Santa María 796 E – 797 E – 798 N – 799 N – 800 E – 801 N? – 802 N? – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 803 N? – Vie = Viento Frío 804 E – Yam = Yamanigüey 805 E – X 806 E – 807 N – 808 N – 809 N – 810 N – 811 N – 812 N – 813 E – Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano Ibe = Monte Iberia Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Pin = Pinalito Tab = Tabajó Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo Tum = El Tumbadero = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 301 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name – Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – – X – Ibe 814 Andropogon virginicus L. 815 Arthrostylidium capillifolium Griseb. – – Cup – 816 Arthrostylidium fimbriatum Griseb. – Pie, Tol Cup – Ibe 817 Arthrostylidium pinifolium Catasús – Tol – – Ibe 818 Arthrostylidium sarmentosum Pilg. – Pie – – – 819 Arthrostylidium urbanii Pilg. – – Cup – – 820 Arthrostylidium sp. – – – – Yam 821 Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv. Cañamazo – Cup – Ibe 822 Bambusa sp. – – – – – 823 Chloris inflata Link – – – – Ibe 824 Chusquea abietifolia Griseb. – Tol Cup – Ibe 825 Gynerium sagittatum (Aubl.) P. Beauv. Güin – – Mel – 826 Ichnanthus mayarensis (C. Wright) Hitchc. – – – – X 827 Ichnanthus nemorosus (Sw.) Döll – – – – Ibe 828 Lasiacis grisebachii (Nash) Hitchc. Canutillo – – – Ibe 829 Olyra sp. – – – – – 830 Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P. Beauv. (O. setarius) – X – Mel – 831 Panicum maximum Jacq. – Tol – – – 832 Panicum neuranthum Griseb. – – Cup – – 833 Paspalum millegrana Schrad. – – – – Ya 834 Paspalum scoparium Flüggé – – Cup – – 835 Pharus latifolius L. Fruta de perro X Cup Mel – 836 sp. 1 – – – – Yam – Pie, Tol Cup Mel, Tet Ibe Podocarpaceae 837 Podocarpus ekmanii Urb. Polygalaceae 838 Polygala paniculata L. – Pie, Tol – Mel, Coc Pin 839 Securidaca virgata Sw. Maravedí – Cup – – 840 Securidaca sp. – – – Coc – Polygonaceae 302 841 Coccoloba baracoensis O. Schmidt – Tol – – – 842 Coccoloba benitensis Britton – To –l – – 843 Coccoloba caesia Ekman – Pie, Cer Cup – – 844 Coccoloba coriacea A. Rich. – Pie – – – 845 Coccoloba costata C. Wright Uvilla – Cup – – 846 Coccoloba geniculata Lindau – – – – Tab 847 Coccoloba nipensis Urb. – – Cup – Yam 848 Coccoloba oligantha Alain – Tol Cup – – 849 Coccoloba reflexa Lindau – – Cup – – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 m Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 814 N – 815 N – 816 E – 817 E – 818 N – 819 E – 820 N? – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 821 N – Ibe = Monte Iberia 822 I – 823 N – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 824 E – Mel = La Melba 825 N – Nib = Nibujón 826 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela 827 N – Pin = Pinalito 828 N – Qui = Quiviján 829 N? – Sta = Santa María 830 N – Tab = Tabajó 831 N – 832 N – 833 N – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 834 N – 835 N – 836 N? – 837 E – 838 N – Yam = Yamanigüey 839 N – X 840 E? – 841 E – 842 E – 843 E – 844 E VUL 845 E – 846 E – 847 E – 848 E – 849 E – Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo Tum = El Tumbadero Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas Vie = Viento Frío = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 303 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – Mel – 850 Coccoloba rufescens C. Wright – – 851 Coccoloba shaferi Britton – Pie, Tol Cup Mel Ibe, Yam 852 Coccoloba toaensis Alain – – Cup – – 853 Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L. – – – – X 854 Coccoloba wrightii Lindau Uverillo – Cup Mel Yam, Tab Rhamnaceae 855 856 Colubrina arborescens (Mill.) Sarg. – – – – Pin Colubrina glandulosa Perkins subsp. nipensis (M.C. Johnst.) Borhidi – Pie – Jag, Mel – 857 Gouania lupuloides (L.) Urb. var. lupuloides – – – Mel – 858 Karwinskia bicolor Urb. – Pie – – – Reynosia mucronata Griseb. subsp. nipensis Borhidi & O. Muniz – – X – – 859 860 Rhamnidium ellipticum Britton & P. Wilson – Pie, Tol – Mel – 861 Rhamnidium nipense Urb. – – – – Tab 862 Ziziphus acutifolia (Griseb.) M.C. Johnst. – – – – Ya 863 Ziziphus obovatus (Urb.) M.C. Johnst. – – Cup – – 864 Ziziphus rhodoxylon Urb. – – X – – Rhizophoraceae 865 Cassipourea elliptica (Sw.) Poir. – – – Mel, Tet, Coc Ibe, Tab 866 Rhizophora mangle L. – – – – Tum – – Cup Coc X Rosaceae 867 Prunus occidentalis Sw. Rubiaceae 868 Acrosynanthus latifolius Standl. – Pie, Tol Cup – Ibe 869 Acrosynanthus revolutus Urb. – Tol – Mel Ibe, Yam, Nib 870 Acrosynanthus trachyphyllus Standl. Jaragua – Cup Mel – 871 Antirhea obcordata Alain cf. – – – – Yam 872 Antirhea orbicularis Alain – – – Mel Ibe 873 Antirhea pedicellaris Borhidi & Bisse – – – Mel – 874 Antirhea scrobiculata Urb. – Pie, Tol – Tet Ibe 875 Antirhea shaferi Urb. Cocosí Tol – Mel Tab Ariadne shaferi Urb. subsp. moaensis M. Fernández Zequeira & Borhidi – Tol – – Yam 877 Ariadne shaferi Urb. subsp. shaferi – Tol Cup – Ibe 878 Casasia jacquinioides (Griseb.) Standl. – Tol Cup Mel Yam, Tab 879 Catesbaea grayi Griseb. – – Cup – – 880 Ceuthocarpus involucratus (Wernham) Aiello – Tol – – Yam 881 Chiococca cubensis Urb. – Tol Cup Jag, Mel – 876 304 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 m Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 850 E – 851 E – 852 E – 853 N – 854 E – 855 N – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 856 E – Ibe = Monte Iberia Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte 857 N – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 858 E – Mel = La Melba 859 E – Nib = Nibujón 860 E – 861 E – 862 E – 863 E – 864 N – 865 N – 866 N – 867 N – 868 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 869 E – Vie = Viento Frío 870 E – Yam = Yamanigüey 871 N? – X 872 E – 873 E – 874 E – 875 E – 876 E – 877 E – 878 E – 879 E – 880 E – 881 E – Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Pie = Piedra La Vela Pin = Pinalito Qui = Quiviján Sta = Santa María Tab = Tabajó Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo Tum = El Tumbadero = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 305 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC Coccocypselum herbaceum Aubl. – Pie Cup Coc Ibe Coccocypselum pseudotontanea Borhidi & O. Muñiz var. glaberrimum – Tol – – – 884 Coussarea urbaniana Standl. – – – Mel – 885 Chimarrhis cymosa Jacq. – – – Mel – 886 Cubanola daphnoides (Graham) Aiello – – – – Sta 887 Diodia teres Walter – – – – Tac 888 Exostema dumosum Alain – Pie – – – 889 Exostema longiflorum (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. – – – Mel Yam 890 Exostema myrtifolium Griseb. – Tol – – – 891 Exostema obovatum Alain – – Cup Mel – 892 Exostema parviflorum A. Rich. – To –l – – 893 Exostema purpureum Griseb. – Pie, Tol – Coc Yam 894 Exostema rotundatum Griseb. – – – Mel 895 Exostema shaferi Standl. – – – X – Exostema valenzuelae A. Rich. subsp. parvifolium Borhidi & M. Fernández Zeq. – X – – – 897 Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. – Pie – – – 898 Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. – – – Coc – 899 Gonzalagunia sp. – – – – – 901 Guettarda calyptrata A. Rich. – – – – Ya 902 Guettarda crassipes Britton – Tol – – Tac, Yam 903 Guettarda ferruginea Griseb. – Pie, Tol Cup Coc Ibe 904 Guettarda monocarpa Urb. – Pie, Tol Cup Mel Ibe 905 Guettarda sciaphila Urb. – – – Mel – 906 Guettarda valenzuelana A. Rich. Vigueta Pie Cup – – 907 Hamelia patens Jacq. Ponasí – – – – Hemidiodia ocymifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum. – – – – Qu 909 Hillia parasitica Jacq. – – – Mel – 910 Lasianthus lanceolatus (Griseb.) Urb. – Tol Cup – Ibe 911 Machaonia minutifolia Britton & P. Wilson – – Cup – – 912 Manettia coccinea (Aubl.) Willd. Cambustera cimarrona – – – Qui 913 Morinda moaensis Alain – Tol – Mel – 914 Palicourea crocea (Sw.) Roem. & Schult. Tapa camino – – – Ibe 915 Palicourea domingensis (Jacq.) DC. – – – X – 916 Phialanthus oblongatus Urb. – – Cup – Yam 917 Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge) Roem. & Schult. – Pie – – – 918 Psychotria berteriana DC. – Tol – – – 882 883 896 908 306 Nombre común/ Common name RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 m i Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 882 N – 883 N – 884 E – Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River 885 N – Coc = Cocalito 886 E – Cup = Cupeyal del Norte 887 N – 888 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 889 E? – 890 E – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 891 E – Mel = La Melba 892 E – Nib = Nibujón 893 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela 894 E – Pin = Pinalito 895 E – Qui = Quiviján 896 E – Sta = Santa María 897 N – 898 N – 899 N? – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 901 E – Tet = Tetas de Julia 902 E – Tol = El Toldo 903 E – Tum = El Tumbadero 904 E – 905 E – 906 N – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 907 N – 908 N – 909 N – 910 N – 911 E – 912 N – 913 E – 914 N – 915 N – 916 E – 917 N – 918 N – Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Ibe = Monte Iberia Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Tab = Tabajó Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 307 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name – Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC Tol – – – 919 Psychotria clementis Britton & P. Wilson 920 Psychotria cuspidata Bredem ex Roem. & Schult. – Tol Cup – Qui 921 Psychotria graminifolia Urb. – – Cup – – 922 Psychotria grandis Sw. – – – – Ibe 923 Psychotria guadalupensis (DC.) R.A. Howard – – – Mel, Coc – 924 Psychotria lasiophthalma Griseb. – – – Mel Tab 925 Psychotria moensis Britton & P. Wilson – – Cup Mel – 926 Psychotria revoluta DC. – Pie, Tol – Tet Ibe 927 Psychotria rufovaginata Griseb. – – Cup – – 928 Psychotria shaferi Urb. – Tol – – – 929 Psychotria toensis Britton & P. Wilson – Tol Cup Jag, Mel – 930 Psychotria uliginosa Sw. – – – – Ibe 931 Psychotria van–hermannii Acuña & Roig – – Cup – – 932 Rachicallis americana (Jacq.) Hitchc. Cuabilla de costa – – – Nib 933 Rondeletia bracteosa Borhidi & M. Fernández Zeq. – – – Mel, Coc – 934 Rondeletia miraflorensis M. Fernández Zeq. & Borhidi – To –l – – Rondeletia myrtacea Standl. subsp. myrtacea – – Cup – – Rondeletia pachyphylla J.C. Krug & Urb. subsp. myrtilloides M. Fernández Zeq. & Borhidi – Pie – – Ibe Rondeletia pachyphylla J.C. Krug & Urb. subsp. pachyphylla – Pie – Mel Ibe 938 Rondeletia sp. – – – Coc – 939 Schmidtottia cf. elliptica (Britton) Urb. – – – – Yam 940 Schmidtottia monantha Urb. – – – – Ib 941 Schmidtottia monticola Borhidi – Tol – – – 942 Schmidtottia multiflora Urb. – – Cup – – 943 Schmidtottia scabra Borhidi y Acuña – – – – Yam 944 Schmidtottia sessilifolia (Britton) Urb. – Tol Cup – – 945 Schmidtottia shaferi (Standl.) Urb. var. shaferi – Pie – Mel Tab 946 Schradera cephalophora Griseb. – Pie, Tol – Mel, Coc Ibe 947 Scolosanthus lucidus Britton – Pie, Tol Cup Mel Ibe, Yam 948 Scolosanthus wrightianus (Griseb.) S.H. Wright – – – Mel Ibe 949 Shaferocharis cubensis Urb. – Tol – – – 950 Spermacoce (Borreria) laevis Lam. – Pie – Coc Qui Suberanthus canellifolius (Britton) Borhidi & M. Fernández Zeq. – Pie, Tol Cup – – Suberanthus stellatus (Griseb.) Borhidi & Fernández Zeq. – Pie Cup Mel Yam 935 936 937 951 952 308 Nombre común/ Common name RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 e Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 919 E – 920 N – 921 E – 922 N – 923 N – 924 E – 925 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 926 N – Ibe = Monte Iberia 927 E – 928 E – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 929 E – Mel = La Melba 930 N – Nib = Nibujón 931 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela 932 N – Pin = Pinalito 933 E – Qui = Quiviján 934 E – 935 E – 936 E – 937 E – 938 E? – 939 E? – 940 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 941 E – Vie = Viento Frío 942 E – Yam = Yamanigüey 943 E – X 944 E – 945 E – 946 E – 947 E – 948 E – 949 E – 950 N – 951 E – 952 E – Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Sta = Santa María Tab = Tabajó Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo Tum = El Tumbadero = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 309 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name 953 Nombre común/ Common name Tocoyena cubensis Britton ex Standl. Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – – Cup Mel – Cuaba amarilla de costa – – – Sta Rutaceae 954 Amyris elemifera L. 955 Amyris lineata C. Wright ex Griseb. – – Cup – – 956 Helietta cubensis Monachino & Moldenke – – Cup Mel – 957 Pilocarpus racemosus Vahl – – – – – Ravenia shaferi P. Wilson var. ekmanii (Urb.) Borhidi & O. Muñiz – – – Mel, Coc – 959 Ravenia shaferi P. Wilson var. shaferi – – – Mel, Tet Qui, Tab 960 Ravenia simplicifolia C. Wright & P. Wilson – – – – Tab 961 Ravenia spectabilis (Lindl.) Engl. – – – – – 962 Spathelia brittonii P. Wilson Bonita de Sierra Tol – – – 963 Spathelia pinetorum Vict. var. pinetorum – Pie, Tol Cup Jag – 964 Spathelia vernicosa Planch. – Tol Cup – – 965 Spathelia wrightii Vict. – Pie Cup Mel Ibe 966 Zanthoxylum cubense P. Wilson – Pie, Tol Cup Coc Ibe 967 Zanthoxylum lomincola (Urb.) Alain – Tol – – – 968 Zanthoxylum martinicense (Lam.) DC. Ayúa Pie – Coc – 969 Zanthoxylum shaferi P. Wilson – Tol – – – – Tol – – – 958 Sabiaceae 970 Meliosma oppositifolia Griseb. Sapindaceae 971 Allophylus cominia (L.) Sw. – Pie – – – 972 Allophylus reticulatus Radlk. – – Cup – – 973 Cupania americana L. Guara comúm Pie – Mel, Coc Vie 974 Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. – Pie – – – 975 Matayba domingensis (DC.) Radlk. Macurije Pie, Tol Cup Coc Ibe, Pin 976 Matayba oppositifolia (A. Rich.) Britton – Tol – – 977 Paullinia pinnata L. Azucarito – – – Qui 978 Serjania crassinervis Radlk. – – – X – 979 Serjania diversifolia (Jacq.) Radlk. Bejuco colorado X Cup Mel – 980 Serjania simulata Britton & P. Wilson ex Alain Bejuco de corral – – Mel – 981 Serjania subdentata Juss. ex Poir. – – – Jag – 982 Thouinia reticulata Alain – Pie, Tol Cup – – Sapotaceae 310 983 Chrysophyllum argenteum Jacq. Manacabo X – – Qui 984 Chrysophyllum cainito L. Caimito – – – – 985 Chrysophyllum oliviforme L. Caimitillo – Cup Coc RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 953 E – 954 N – 955 E – Coc = Cocalito 956 E – Cup = Cupeyal del Norte 957 N – 958 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 959 E – 960 E – 961 N – 962 N – 963 E – 964 E – 965 E – 966 N – 967 E – 968 N – 969 E – 970 E – 971 N – 972 E – 973 N – 974 N – 975 N – 976 N – 977 N – 978 E – 979 N – 980 E – 981 N – 982 E – 983 N – 984 I – 985 N – Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Ibe = Monte Iberia Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve Mel = La Melba Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable Nib = Nibujón LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Pie = Piedra La Vela Pin = Pinalito Qui = Quiviján Sta = Santa María Tab = Tabajó Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas Tet = Tetas de Julia Tol = El Toldo Tum = El Tumbadero Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 311 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC 986 Manilkara albescens (Griseb.) Cronquist – – – – Nib 987 Manilkara jaimiqui (C. Wright) Dubard subsp. jaimiqui – – Cup – Yam 988 Manilkara mayarensis (Ekman ex Urb.) Cronquist – – 989 Micropholis polita (Griseb.) Pierre subsp. polita – – Cup Mel, Coc Qui, Sta Pouteria dominigensis (C.F. Gaertn.) Baehni subsp. dominigensis – – – – – 991 Pouteria moaensis Alain – – Cup – – 992 Sideroxylon cubense (Griseb.) T.D. Penn. – Tol Cup Mel Ibe, Yam 993 Sideroxylon jubilla (Ekman ex Urb.) T.D. Penn. Juba prieta Tol Cup Mel, Tet, Coc Ibe – – – – Tac Gavilán – – – Ibe 990 Tab Scrophulariaceae 994 Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. var. micromonnieria (Griseb.) Pennell Simaroubaceae 995 Simarouba laevis Griseb. Smilacaceae 996 Smilax havanensis Jacq. Bejuco ñame Pie, Tol Cup Coc – 997 Smilax lanceolata L. (S. domingensis) – – Cup Mel X – Tol – – – Solanaceae 998 Brunfelsia pluriflora Urb. 999 Cestrum buxoides Ekman & Urb. – Tol Cup Mel – 1000 Cestrum laurifolium L’Hér. – – – – – 1001 Cestrum pinetorum Britton – – X – – 1002 Solanum ciliatum Lam. – – – – – 1003 Solanum cristalense Amsh. – – X – – 1004 Solanum jamaicense Mill. – – – – Qui 1005 Solanum moense Britton & P. Wilson – 1006 Solanum nudum Dunal (Solanum antillarum) 1007 Solanum pachyneuroides Amsh. – – Cup Mel – 1008 Solanum pachyneurum O.E. Schultz – – – Mel – 1009 Solanum torvum Sw. Pendejera Tol – – – Saúco cimarrón – Cup – – Ajicillo Tol – – – – – – – Staphyleaceae 1010 Turpinia paniculata Vent. (T. occidentalis) Sterculiaceae 1011 Theobroma cacao L. Cacao – – – – 1012 Waltheria indica L. Malva – – – – Teophrastaceae 312 1013 Jacquinia acunana Borhidi & O. Muñiz – – – – Ibe 1014 Jacquinia moana Borhidi – – – – Yam 1015 Jacquinia obovata Urb. – Tol – – – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status 986 N – 987 E – 988 E PEL 989 E VUL 990 N – 991 E PEL 992 E – 993 E VUL 994 E – Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano Ibe = Monte Iberia Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve Mel = La Melba Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable Nib = Nibujón LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk Pie = Piedra La Vela 995 E – 996 N – 997 N – 998 E – 999 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 1000 N – Tet = Tetas de Julia 1001 E – Tol = El Toldo 1002 N – Tum = El Tumbadero 1003 E – 1004 N – 1005 E – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 1006 N – 1007 E – 1008 N – 1009 N – 1010 N – 1011 I – 1012 N – 1013 N – 1014 E – 1015 E – Pin = Pinalito Qui = Quiviján Sta = Santa María Tab = Tabajó Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 313 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name 1016 Nombre común/ Common name Jacquinia roigii P. Wilson Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC – – Cup – Yam Theaceae 1017 Bonnetia cubensis (Britton) Howard – Tol Cup Mel, Tet, Coc Ibe 1018 Cleyera albopunctata (Griseb.) Krug. & Urb. – Tol – – Ibe 1019 Laplacea angustifolia (Britton & P. Wilson) O.C. Schmidt – – Cup – – 1020 Laplacea benitoensis (Britton & P. Wilson) O.C. Schmidt – Pie, Tol – – Ibe 1021 Laplacea ekmanii O.C. Schmidt – To –l – – 1022 Laplacea moaensis Vict. – Tol Cup Mel Ibe 1023 Laplacea wrightii Griseb. – – Cup – – 1024 Ternstroemia moaensis Borhidi & O. Muñiz – – – – Ibe, Yam Thymelaeaceae 1025 Linodendron aronifolium Griseb. Guana Pie, Tol Cup Mel Ibe 1026 Linodendron cubanum (A. Rich.) Tiegh. – – X – – – – – X – Tiliaceae 1027 Tetralix brachypetalus Griseb. 1028 Tetralix moaensis Bisse – – – X Yam 1029 Triumfetta sp. – – – – – Turneraceae 1030 Adenoa cubensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Arbo – Tol Cup Mel Yam 1031 Turnera ulmifolia L. – – – – Yam – – – – Ya Typhaceae 1032 Typha domingensis Pers. Ulmaceae 1033 Trema lamarckiana (Roem. & Schult.) Blume Capulí cimarrón Pie Cup Jag, Coc – 1034 Trema micrantha (L.) Blume Guasimilla cimarrona – – – – – – – Coc – Urticaceae 314 1035 Gyrotaenia myriocarpa Griseb. 1036 Pilea cellulosa Urb. – – – Mel – 1037 Pilea cubensis Wedd. – – – Mel – 1038 Pilea fructicosa Hook. f. – – Cup – – 1039 Pilea heteronema Griseb. – – – Jag, Mel Ibe, Sta 1040 Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. – – – Mel, Coc Qui 1041 Pilea orientalis Morton – – – – Ibe 1042 Pilea sp. 1 – – – Coc – 1043 Pilea sp. 2 – – – Coc – 1044 Pilea sp. 3 – – – Coc – 1045 Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich. ex Wedd. – – – Mel – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 m Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 1016 E – 1017 E – 1018 N – Coc = Cocalito 1019 E – Cup = Cupeyal del Norte 1020 E – 1021 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 1022 E – 1023 E – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 1024 E – Mel = La Melba Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Ibe = Monte Iberia Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable Nib = Nibujón LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk 1025 E – Pie = Piedra La Vela 1026 N – Pin = Pinalito 1027 E – Sta = Santa María 1028 E – Tab = Tabajó 1029 N – 1030 E – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 1031 N – Tet = Tetas de Julia Qui = Quiviján Tol = El Toldo 1032 N – 1033 N – 1034 N – 1035 N – 1036 N – 1037 E – 1038 E – 1039 E – 1040 N – 1041 E – 1042 E? – 1043 E? – 1044 E? – 1045 N – Tum = El Tumbadero Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 315 Apéndice / Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants ES P E R MAT Ó F ITA S / SEED PLANTS Nombre científico / Scientific name Nombre común/ Common name Registros en sectores y localidades / Records for sectors and localities OJITO CUPEY MELBA BARAC Verbenaceae 1046 Callicarpa bucheri Moldenke – – Cup – – 1047 Callicarpa ferruginia Sw. – – – Coc – 1048 Callicarpa fulva A. Rich. var. fulva – – – Mel – 1049 Callicarpa lancifolia Millsp. – Pie – – – 1050 Callicarpa leonis Moldenke – Cup – – 1051 Callicarpa oblanceolata Urb. – Pie, Tol Cup Coc Ibe, Yam 1052 Callicarpa resinosa C. Wright & Moldenke – Tol – Mel – 1053 Callicarpa wrightii Britton & P. Wilson – X – – – 1052 Clerodendrum lindenianum E. Eich. – Tol – Mel – 1053 Clerodendrum nipense Urb. var. nipense Turquesa Pie, Tol Cup Jag, Mel, Tet Yam 1054 Lantana involucrata L. Filigrana cimarrona – – – Tac 1055 Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl Verbena – – – – 1056 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl Verbena azul – Cup – Qui 1057 Vitex trifolia L. – – – – Yam – Viscaceae 1058 Dendrophthora buxifolia (Lam.) Eichler – Tol – Tet 1059 Dendrophthora constricta (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Eichler – Pie, Tol – – Ibe 1060 Dendrophthora cubensis Eichler – Pie – – Ibe 1061 Dendrophthora glauca (Griseb.) Eichler – – – – Yam 1062 Dendrophthora podocarpicola Leiva – Tol – – – 1063 Dendrophthora tetrastachya (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Urb. – Pie, Tol – Mel Ibe 1064 Phoradendron cf. gracile (Krug & Urb.) Trel. – – – – Yam 1065 Phoradendron piperoides (Kunth) Trel. – Pie – – – Vitaceae 1066 Cissus grisebachii Planch. – – Cup Mel, Coc – 1067 Cissus nipensis Urb. – – X – – 1068 Cissus subavenia Planch. – Tol Cup – – 1069 Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicholson & C.E. Jarvis – – – – – 1070 Vitis tiliifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult. – X – – – – – – – Zingiberaceae 1071 316 Hedychium coronarium J. König RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Mariposa Apéndice /Appendix 4 Plantas Espermatófitas / Seed Plants LEYENDA/ LEGEND Estatus en Cuba / Status in Cuba Estatus mundial / Global status Sectores/ Sectors OJITO = Ojito de Agua CUPEY = Cupeyal del Norte MELBA = La Melba BARAC = Baracoa 1046 E – 1047 N – 1048 E – 1049 E – 1050 E – 1051 E – Ent = Entre Viento Frío y Limbano / Between Viento Frío and Limbano 1052 E – Ibe = Monte Iberia 1053 E – 1052 E – Jag = Reserva Natural Jaguaní / Jaguaní Natural Reserve 1053 E – Mel = La Melba Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba (Flora de Cuba: León 1946; León y/ and Alain 1951, 1953, 1957; Alain 1964; Manitz y / and Gutjahr 1998; Greuter et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2003, 2005) E = Endémica de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducida a Cuba pero no naturalizada / Introduced to Cuba but not naturalized N = Nativa de Cuba pero no endémica/ Native to Cuba but not endemic R = Naturalizada en Cuba / Naturalized in Cuba Localidades / Localities Cer = Río Ceremonia/ Ceremonia River Coc = Cocalito Cup = Cupeyal del Norte Estatus mundial / Global status (IUCN 2004) PEL = En peligro/ Endangered VUL = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable Nib = Nibujón LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk 1054 N – Pie = Piedra La Vela 1055 N – Pin = Pinalito 1056 N – Qui = Quiviján 1057 I – Sta = Santa María 1058 N – 1059 E – 1060 N – Tac = Bahía de Taco y alrededores / Bahía de Taco and surrounding areas 1061 E – Tet = Tetas de Julia 1062 E – Tol = El Toldo 1063 E – Tum = El Tumbadero 1064 N – 1065 N – Ver = Monte Verde y alrededores / Monte Verde and surrounding areas 1066 E – 1067 E – 1068 E – 1069 N – 1070 N – 1071 R – Tab = Tabajó Vie = Viento Frío Yam = Yamanigüey X = Registrado en el sector pero sin localidad específica/ Registered in this sector without specific locality C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 317 Apéndice / Appendix 5 Moluscos Terrestres / Terrestrial Mollusks Especies de moluscos terrestres registrados en el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt” a partir de registros de literatura y colectas antes y durante el inventario rápido del 12-22 de febrero del 2004, por David Maceira F. M OL US C O S T E R R E S T RES / TERRESTRI AL M OLLUSKS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Sectores/ Sectors Microhábitats/ Microhabitats BA ME OJ CU Agriolimacidae Deroceras agreste (L., 1758) I – – X – Su Deroceras laeve (Muller, 1774) I – X X – Su Deroceras reticulatum (Muller, 1774) I – X – – Su L X – – – Pi Caracolus sagemon coutini Clench & Aguayo, 1951 L X – – – Aa, Pi, Su Caracolus sagemon subsp. 1 L X X X X Aa, Su Polydontes natensoni Torre, 1938 S X X – – Aa, Su Polydontes sobrina (Fér., 1819) S X – – – Aa, Su Annulariidae Ramsdenia natensoni (Torre & Bartsch, 1941) Camaenidae Polydontes torrei Pilsbry, 1938 L X X – – Aa, Su Zachrysia lamellicosta lamellicosta (Gundl. in Pfr.) L – X X – Aa, Su Zachrysia guantanamensis (Poey, 1857) S – – X – Aa, Su L X – – – Aa, Pi, Su C–O X – X – Su Alcadia (Penisoltia) minima (Orb., 1842) C X X X X Aa Emoda blanesi Clench & Aguayo in Aguayo, 1953 L X X X X Aa, Su Emoda emoda (Pfeiffer, 1865) L X X – – Aa, Su Helicina monteiberia Sarasúa, 1976 L X – – – Aa Coryda alauda (Fér., 1850) O X X X X Aa, Su Coryda armasi Sarasúa, 1976 L X X – – Aa Cysticopsis pemphigodes (Pfr., 1846) O X – – – Su Polymita (Polymita) picta fuscolimbata Torre, 1950 S X X X X Aa Polymita (Polymita) picta nigrolimbata Torre, 1950 S X – – – Aa Polymita (Polymita) picta roseolimbata Torre, 1950 S X – – – Aa Cerionidae Cerion coutini Sánchez Roig, 1951 Haplotrematidae Haplotrema (Haplomena) paucispira (Poey, 1851) Helicinidae Helminthoglyptidae Oleacinidae Oleacina gundlachi (Pfr., 1866) S X – X – Su Oleacina solidula (Pfr., 1840) C X X X X Su Oleacina straminea (Deshayes, 1851) C X X X X Su Oleacina trinitaria (Gundl. in Poey, 1852–58) S X – X – Su Proserpinidae 318 Proserpina (Despoenella) globulosa (D’Orb., 1842) O–O X – – – Su Proserpina (Despoenella) depressa (D’Orb., 1842) O–O X – – – Su RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Moluscos Terrestres / Terrestrial Mollusks Species of terrestrial mollusks recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park, from literature records and collections before and during the rapid inventory, 12-22 February 2004, by David Maceira F. MO L U S C O S T E R R ESTRES / TERRESTRI AL M OLLUSKS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Sectores/ Sectors Microhábitats/ Microhabitats BA ME OJ CU I X X X X Aa I X – – – Su Obeliscus (Pseudobalea) latus Pilsbry, 1907 O – – X – Su Lamellaxis (Allopeas) gracilis (Hutton, 1834) I X X X X Su Subulina octona (Bruguiere, 1792) I X X X X Su I X – – – Su Truncatella caribaensis Reeve, 1826 I X – – – Su Truncatella pulchella (Pfr., 1839) I X – – – Su Truncatella scalaris (Michaud, 1830) I X – – – Su Brachipodella (Brevipodella) angulifera (“Gundlach” Pfr., 1858) S X – – – Pi Brachipodella (Gyraxis) baracoensis Jaume & Torre, 1976 S X – – – Pi Pupillidae Pupoides marginatus nitidulus (Pfr., 1839) Sagdidae Lacteoluna selenina (Gould, 1839) Subulinidae Succineidae Succinea aurea Lea, 1841 Truncatellidae Urocoptidae Levistemma peculiaris Jaume & Torre, 1976 S X – – – Pi Microceramus orientalis Aguayo, 1935 L X – – – Aa Pleucostemma perplicata yunquensis Jaume & Torre, 1976 S X – – – Pi Veronicella cubensis (Pfr., 1840) C X X X X Su Veronicella sp. nov. L X X X X Su Veronicellidae LEYENDA / LEGEND Endemismo/ Endemism L S O = Endémico local de Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt”/ Endemic to Alejandro de Humboldt National Park C = Endémico pancubano/ Endemic to Cuba I = Introducido, no nativo/ Non-native species, introduced to Cuba = Endémico Subregión SaguaBaracoa/ Endemic to the SaguaBaracoa Subregion Sectores/ Sectors = Endémico de Cuba oriental/ Endemic to eastern Cuba ME = La Melba C-O = Endémico central-oriental / Endemic to Central-Eastern Cuba O-O = Endémico occidental-oriental/ Endemic to western and eastern Cuba Microhábitats/ Microhabitats Aa = Sobre árboles y arbustos / On trees and shrubs Su = Suelo/ On ground Pi = Sobre rocas/ On rocks BA = Baracoa OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X = Especie colectada o registrada en este sector/ Species collected or recorded in this sector C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 319 Apéndice / Appendix 6 Arañas/Spiders Especies de arañas registradas en el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt,” a partir de registros de literatura, la revisión de la colección de BIOECO, y recolectas durante el inventario rápido del 12-22 de febrero del 2004, por Giraldo Alayón García y Alexander Sánchez-Ruiz. ARAÑAS / SPI DERS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU L – – X – – – X – – – Agelenidae 001 Barronopsis campephila Alayón, 1993* Anyphaenidae 002 Hibana velox Becker, 1879* Araneidae 003 Alcimosphenus licinus Simon, 1895 – – – X 004 Araneus bipunctatus Franganillo, 1931 C X – – – 005 Argiope argentata (Fabr., 1775)* – X X X ? 006 Argiope trifasciata (Forskål, 1775) – – – X – 007 Cyclosa caroli (Hentz, 1850)* – – X – – 008 Cyclosa walckenaeri (O.P. Cambridge, 1889)* – X X – X 009 Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål, 1775) – X ? – – 010 Eriophora ravilla (C.L. Koch, 1844)* – X X ? – 011 Eustala anastera (Walckenaer, 1842)* – – X – – 012 Eustala fuscovittata (Keyserling, 1864)* – – X – – 013 Gasteracantha cancriformis (L., 1767)* – X X X X 014 Gea heptagon Hentz, 1850* – – X X – 015 Kaira levii Alayón, 1993 L – – – X 016 Metazygia zilloides (Banks, 1898)* – – X – – 017 Metepeira triangularis (Franganillo, 1930) – – – X – 018 Micrathena banksi Levi, 1985** C – X – – 019 Micrathena cubana (Banks, 1909)* C ? X X X 020 Micrathena forcipata (Thorell, 1859) – X – – X 021 Micrathena horrida (Taczanowski, 1873) – – X – – 022 Neoscona nautica (L. Koch, 1875) – – X – – 023 Verrucosa arenata (Walckenaer, 1841)* – – X X – 024 Wagneriana sp. – – – – X 025 Witica crassicauda (Keyserling, 1865)* – – X – X – – – X – Barychelidae 026 Trichopelma sp.* Caponiidae 027 Nops enae Sánchez–Ruiz, 2004 E – – X – 028 Nops guanabacoae MacLeay, 1839 C X – – – – – X X – Clubionidae 029 320 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES Clubiona sp.* I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 6 Spider species recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park, from literature records, revision of the spiders collection at BIOECO, and collections during the rapid inventory, 12-22 February 2004, by Giraldo Alayón García and Alexander Sánchez-Ruiz. Arañas/Spiders LEYENDA/ LEGEND Microhábitats / Microhabitats Comentarios 001 Sh Conocida hasta el momento de la localidad tipo en Ojito de Agua; localizada durante el inventario rápido en el Toldo, Moa, Holguín. 002 Aa – * = Especie colectada durante el inventario rápido/ Species collected during the rapid biological inventory ** = Especie colectada durante el inventario rápido y nunca antes registrada para el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt”/ Species collected during the rapid inventory and not previously recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park Endemismo/ Endemism 003 Vh – – 004 005 Aa, Vh – 006 Aa – 007 Aa – 008 Aa – 009 Aa – L = Endémico local del Parque / Local endemic found only in the Park S = Endémico de la Subregión Sagua–Baracoa / Endemic to the Sagua–Baracoa Subregion E = Endémico de Cuba oriental/ Endemic to eastern Cuba C = Endémico cubano/ Endemic to Cuba – 010 011 Aa – Sectores/Sectors 012 Aa – BA = Baracoa 013 Aa – ME = La Melba 014 Vh – OJ 015 Aa Conocida sólo de la localidad tipo en Farallones de Moa, Holguín. CU = Cupeyal del Norte 016 Aa – 017 Aa – 018 Aa – 019 Aa – 020 Aa – 021 Aa – 022 Aa – Microhábitats/ Microhabitats 023 Aa – Aa 024 Aa – 025 Aa – 026 Bp – Bp = Bajo piedras/ Under rocks 027 Bc Conocida de pocas localidades en la Región Oriental. Ch = Construcciones humanas/Buildings, other man-made structures 028 Bp – Sh = En el suelo o la hojarasca / On ground or in leaf litter 029 Sh – Sp = Sobre piedras en el río / On stones in the river = Ojito de Agua X = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector/Species collected or recorded in the sector ? = No registrado en el sector, pero con probabilidades de que aparezca allí / Expected but not yet recorded in sector = En hojas y ramas de árboles o arbustos/ Leaves and branches of trees or shrubs Bc = Bajo corteza de troncos/ Under tree bark Vh C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Vegetación herbácea/ On herbaceous vegetation N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 321 Apéndice / Appendix 6 Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPI DERS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU Ctenidae Celaethycheus fulvorufus afoliatus Franganilllo, 1930 E X – – – 031 Ctenus anclatus Franganillo, 1931 C X – – – 032 Ctenus brevitarsus Bryant, 1940** C – X X – 033 Ctenus variabilis Franganillo, 1931 C X – – – 034 Ctenus vernalis Bryant, 1940* C – X X X 035 Cupiennius cubae Strand, 1910* – X X X ? S – – – X 030 Cyrtauchenidae 036 Bolostromus holguinensis Rudloff, 1996 Deinopidae 037 Deinopis lamia MacLeay, 1839 C – – X – 038 Deinopis sp.* – – X – – Dipluridae 039 Ischnothele longicauda Franganillo, 1930* – ? X X X 040 Masteria golobatchi Alayón, 1995 S X – – – – X – X – C – X – – X Filistatidae 041 Kukulcania hibernalis (Hentz, 1842) Hersiliidae 042 Tama habanensis Franganillo, 1936** Linyphiidae 043 Ceratinopsis ruberrima Franganillo, 1926 C – – – 044 Florinda coccinea (Hentz, 1850) – – – – X 045 Frontinella sp. – – X – – Lycosidae 046 Lycosa ovalata Franganillo, 1930 L X – – – 047 Lycosa sp. – X – – – – – X – – Mimetidae 048 322 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES Mimetus sp.** I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 6 Arañas/Spiders LEYENDA/ LEGEND Microhábitats / Microhabitats Comentarios 030 Sh Subespecie de identificación dudosa (Alayón 2000) 031 – Conocida sólo de la localidad tipo en Baracoa y de Topes de Collantes en la provincia Sancti Spiritus. 032 Sh Registrada de algunas localidades en la Región Central y Oriental del archipiélago (Alayón 2000). No existían registros anteriores para el área de estudio. * = Especie colectada durante el inventario rápido/ Species collected during the rapid biological inventory ** = Especie colectada durante el inventario rápido y nunca antes registrada para el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt”/ Species collected during the rapid inventory and not previously recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park Endemismo/ Endemism L = Endémico local del Parque / Local endemic found only in the Park S = Endémico de la Subregión Sagua–Baracoa / Endemic to the Sagua–Baracoa Subregion 033 – Conocida sólo de la localidad tipo en Baracoa y de Sierra de Rangel, provincia Pinar del Río. 034 Bp – 035 Bc, Bp, Sh – E = Endémico de Cuba oriental/ Endemic to eastern Cuba 036 Bp – C = Endémico cubano/ Endemic to Cuba 037 Aa – Sectores/Sectors 038 Sh – BA = Baracoa 039 Bp, Sh – OJ 040 Sh Los registros publicados corresponden sólo a machos de la localidad tipo en Paso Cuba, Baracoa. Sin embargo, hemos colectado hembras de esta especie cerca de los límites del Parque. CU = Cupeyal del Norte ME = La Melba 041 Aa, Ch Amplia distribución en Cuba 042 Aa Colectada en La Melba, Moa, Holguín. Este constituye el primer registro de esta especie para la Region Oriental de Cuba. 043 Aa 044 Vh 045 Vh = Ojito de Agua X = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector/Species collected or recorded in the sector ? = No registrado en el sector, pero con probabilidades de que aparezca allí / Expected but not yet recorded in sector Microhábitats/ Microhabitats Aa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o arbustos/ Leaves and branches of trees or shrubs Bc = Bajo corteza de troncos/ Under tree bark – Bp = Bajo piedras/ Under rocks 046 – Conocida sólo de la localidad tipo en Baracoa, nunca más ha vuelto a ser colectada. Ch = Construcciones humanas/Buildings, other man-made structures 047 Bp – – Sh = En el suelo o la hojarasca / On ground or in leaf litter 048 Aa – – Sp = Sobre piedras en el río / On stones in the river Vh C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Vegetación herbácea/ On herbaceous vegetation N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 323 Apéndice / Appendix 6 Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPI DERS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU – – – – X – X X ? ? X Nesticidae 049 Eidmannella pallida (Emerton, 1875) Oecobiidae 050 Oecobius concinus Simon, 1892 Oonopidae 051 Ischnothyreus peltifer (Simon, 1891)* – X X – 052 Oonops castellus Chickering, 1971 – – X – – Scaphiella bryantae Dumitresco & Georgesco, 1983 L X – – – Stenoonops scabriculus Simon, 1891 – X – – – 053 054 Oxyopidae 055 Oxyopes sp. – – X – – 056 Peucetia viridans (Hentz, 1832) – – X – X – – X – – Pholcidae 057 Anopsicus sp.** 058 Leptopholcus delicatulus Franganillo, 1930 C – – – X 059 Physocyclus globosus (Taczanowski, 1873) – X X ? ? L – X X – Pisauridae 060 Dolomedes toldo Alayón, 2003* Salticidae 061 Anasaitis arcuata (Franganillo, 1930) C – – X – 062 Hentzia cubana Richman, 1989 C – – X – Lyssomanes antillanus Peckham & Wheeler, 1889* – – – X – 064 Menemerus bivittatus (Dufour, 1831)* – X X X X 065 Phidippus audax Hentz, 1844 – – – – X 066 Plexippus paykulli Audouin, 1827 – X X X ? 067 Siloca cubana Bryant, 1940 C – – X – 063 Scytodidae 324 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES 068 Scytodes cubensis Alayón, 1977 C X – – X 069 Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, 1837* – X X X X 070 Scytodes longipes Lucas, 1844* – X X – – I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 6 Arañas/Spiders LEYENDA/ LEGEND Microhábitats / Microhabitats Comentarios 049 – – 050 Ch Especie sinantrópica de amplia distribución en Cuba 051 Sh – 052 Sh – 053 Sh Conocida sólo de la localidad tipo en el río Baracoa. 054 Sh – 055 Vh – 056 Vh – 057 Aa Posiblemente algunas de las tres especies registradas para Cuba. Este género sólo se conocía de la Región Central del archipiélago, y constituye un nuevo registro para la Región Oriental. 058 Aa – 059 Bp, Ch, Vh Especie sinantrópica de amplia distribución en Cuba Sp Conocida de la localidad tipo en El Toldo, Moa, Holguín. Se colectaron varios ejemplares en La Melba, Moa, Holguín durante el inventario rápido. 060 061 – – 062 – En la Región Oriental sólo se conoce de las Cabezadas del río Piloto, Moa, Holguín. 063 Aa – * = Especie colectada durante el inventario rápido/ Species collected during the rapid biological inventory ** = Especie colectada durante el inventario rápido y nunca antes registrada para el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt”/ Species collected during the rapid inventory and not previously recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park Endemismo/ Endemism L = Endémico local del Parque / Local endemic found only in the Park S = Endémico de la Subregión Sagua–Baracoa / Endemic to the Sagua–Baracoa Subregion E = Endémico de Cuba oriental/ Endemic to eastern Cuba C = Endémico cubano/ Endemic to Cuba Sectores/Sectors BA = Baracoa ME = La Melba OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector/Species collected or recorded in the sector ? = No registrado en el sector, pero con probabilidades de que aparezca allí / Expected but not yet recorded in sector Microhábitats/ Microhabitats Aa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o arbustos/ Leaves and branches of trees or shrubs 064 Aa, Bc, Ch Especie sinantrópica muy abundante en toda Cuba 065 Bc – 066 Aa – Bc = Bajo corteza de troncos/ Under tree bark 067 Aa – Bp = Bajo piedras/ Under rocks 068 Bp, Sh Amplia distribución en Cuba Ch = Construcciones humanas/Buildings, other man-made structures 069 Aa, Ch Especie sinantrópica, amplia distribución en Cuba 070 Ch Especie sinantrópica, registrada por Bryant (1940) de toda Cuba Sh = En el suelo o la hojarasca / On ground or in leaf litter Sp = Sobre piedras en el río / On stones in the river Vh C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Vegetación herbácea/ On herbaceous vegetation N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 325 Apéndice / Appendix 6 Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPI DERS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU – – X – Segestriidae 072 Ariadna arthuri Petrunkevitch, 1926** – Selenopidae 073 Selenops aequalis Franganillo, 1935 C – – X – 074 Selenops insularis Keyserling, 1882* – – X – – 075 Selenops sp.* L – – X – – X X ? X Sparassidae 076 Heteropoda venatoria (L., 1767)* Tetragnathidae 077 Alcimosphenus licinus Simon, 1895* – X X – – 078 Chrysometa linguiformis (Franganillo, 1930)* – – X – X 079 Leucauge argyra (Walckenaer, 1841)* – X X X X 080 Leucauge regny (Simon, 1897)* – X – X 081 Nephila clavipes (L., 1767) – – – X – 082 Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1842 – – X – – 083 Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826)* – – X – – X X Theraphosidae 084 Citharacanthus alayoni Rudloff, 1995 E – – – 085 Citharacanthus niger Franganillo, 1931 C X – – 086 Citharacanthus spinicrus (Latreille, 1819)* – X X – – 087 Cyrtopholis plumosa Franganillo, 1931 L X – – – Theridiidae 326 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES 088 Achaearaneae florens O.P. Cambridge, 1896 – – X – – 089 Anelosimus jucundus (O.P. Cambridge, 1896)** – – X – – 090 Anelosimus studiosus (Hentz, 1850) – – – – X 091 Argyrodes cubensis Exline & Levi, 1962 E – X – – 092 Argyrodes elevatus Taczanowski, 1873 – – – – X 093 Argyrodes projiciens (O.P. Cambridge, 1896)** – – X – – 094 Latrodectus geometricus C.L. Koch, 1841* – X ? X X 095 Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius, 1775)* – X X X ? 096 Nesticodes rufipes (Lucas, 1846)** – – X – – 097 Theridion evexum Keyserling, 1884** – – X – – 098 Theridula gonygaster (Simon, 1873)** – – X – – I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 6 Arañas/Spiders LEYENDA/ LEGEND Microhábitats / Microhabitats Comentarios * = Especie colectada durante el inventario rápido/ Species collected during the rapid biological inventory ** = Especie colectada durante el inventario rápido y nunca antes registrada para el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt”/ Species collected during the rapid inventory and not previously recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park 072 Bc Registrada de pocas localidades en Cuba. Se colectaron varios juveniles en Monte Iberia, Moa, Holguin. Constituye un nuevo registro para el área de estudio. 073 Bc – Endemismo/ Endemism 074 Ch – L 075 – Conocida sólo de la localidad tipo en Monte iberia, Moa, Holguín. = Endémico local del Parque / Local endemic found only in the Park S = Endémico de la Subregión Sagua–Baracoa / Endemic to the Sagua–Baracoa Subregion E = Endémico de Cuba oriental/ Endemic to eastern Cuba C = Endémico cubano/ Endemic to Cuba 076 Bc, Bp, Ch, Sh Especie sinantrópica de amplia distribución en Cuba 077 Aa – 078 Aa – 079 Aa, Ch, Vh Amplia distribución en Cuba 080 Aa, Vh Amplia distribución en Cuba 081 Aa – 082 Aa – 083 Aa – 084 Bp – 085 Bp – 086 Bp – 087 Bc Conocida sólo de la localidad tipo en Yunque de Baracoa, Guantánamo. 088 Aa – Microhábitats/ Microhabitats 089 – – Aa 090 Aa – 091 Aa Conocida sólo de dos localidades en Región Oriental: Pico La Bayamesa (localidad tipo) y La Melba, Moa, Holguín. Bc = Bajo corteza de troncos/ Under tree bark Sectores/Sectors BA = Baracoa ME = La Melba OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector/Species collected or recorded in the sector ? = No registrado en el sector, pero con probabilidades de que aparezca allí / Expected but not yet recorded in sector = En hojas y ramas de árboles o arbustos/ Leaves and branches of trees or shrubs 092 Aa – Bp = Bajo piedras/ Under rocks 093 Aa – 094 Bp Amplia distribución en Cuba Ch = Construcciones humanas/Buildings, other man-made structures 095 Bp Amplia distribución en Cuba 096 Aa – 097 Aa Nuevo registro para el Macizo Sagua–Baracoa Sp = Sobre piedras en el río / On stones in the river 098 Aa – Vh Sh = En el suelo o la hojarasca / On ground or in leaf litter C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Vegetación herbácea/ On herbaceous vegetation N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 327 Apéndice / Appendix 6 Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPI DERS Nombre científico/ Scientific name 099 Tidarren sisyphoides Walckenaer, 1842 Endemismo / Endemism Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU – – X – X – – X – – – – – – – Theridiosomathidae 100 Wendilgarda clara Keyserling, 1886 Thomisidae 101 Misumenops bellulus (Banks, 1896) 102 Onocolus granulatus Bryant, 1940 C – – X – 103 Parastephanops echinatus (Banks, 1914) C – – X – X – – Uloboridae 328 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES 104 Philoponella semiplumosa (Simon, 1893)* – – 105 Uloborus trilineatus Keyserling, 1883 – – X – X 106 Uloborus sp. – X – – – 107 Zosis geniculata (Olivier, 1789)* – X – – X I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 6 Arañas/Spiders LEYENDA/ LEGEND Microhábitats / Microhabitats Comentarios 099 Aa – 100 Aa – 101 Vh – 102 Aa Especie muy rara; la hembra no se conoce 103 Aa Especie muy rara; pocos ejemplares conocidos 104 Aa – 105 Aa – 106 Aa – 107 Aa – * = Especie colectada durante el inventario rápido/ Species collected during the rapid biological inventory ** = Especie colectada durante el inventario rápido y nunca antes registrada para el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt”/ Species collected during the rapid inventory and not previously recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park Endemismo/ Endemism L = Endémico local del Parque / Local endemic found only in the Park S = Endémico de la Subregión Sagua–Baracoa / Endemic to the Sagua–Baracoa Subregion E = Endémico de Cuba oriental/ Endemic to eastern Cuba C = Endémico cubano/ Endemic to Cuba Sectores/Sectors BA = Baracoa ME = La Melba OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector/Species collected or recorded in the sector ? = No registrado en el sector, pero con probabilidades de que aparezca allí / Expected but not yet recorded in sector Microhábitats/ Microhabitats Aa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o arbustos/ Leaves and branches of trees or shrubs Bc = Bajo corteza de troncos/ Under tree bark Bp = Bajo piedras/ Under rocks Ch = Construcciones humanas/Buildings, other man-made structures Sh = En el suelo o la hojarasca / On ground or in leaf litter Sp = Sobre piedras en el río / On stones in the river Vh C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Vegetación herbácea/ On herbaceous vegetation N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 329 Apéndice / Appendix 7 Otros Arácnidos / Other Arachnids Especies de escorpiones, amblipigios, esquizómidos, solpúgidos, ricinuleidos, y uropigios registrados en el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt,” durante el inventario rápido del 12-22 de febrero del 2004, por Rolando Teruel. OTROS ARÁCNI DOS / OTH E R A RA C H N I DS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Hábitats/ Habitats AMBLYPYGI Phrynidae 001 Paraphrynus robustus (Franganillo, 1930) O Pv 002 Paraphrynus viridiceps (Pocock, 1893) – Pv 003 Phrynus hispaniolae Armas & Pérez, 2001 – Ch, Cu, Pi, Pv, Se, Sd, Sv 004 Phrynus marginemaculatus (Koch, 1840) – Ch, Cu, Pi, Pv, Se, Sd, Sv O Sd RICINULEI Ricinoididae 005 Pseudocellus paradoxus (Cooke, 1971) SCHIZOMIDA Hubbardiidae 006 Antillostenochrus alticola Teruel, 2003 L Pv 007 Rowlandius cupeyalensis Armas, 2002 L Pv 008 Rowlandius toldo Armas, 2002 L Pv 009 Rowlandius sp. nov. L Ch 010 Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 – Ch, Sd, Se, Sv 011 Gen. nov., sp. nov. L Pv SCORPIONES Scorpionidae 012 Cazierius sp. nov. L Ch 013 Heteronebo nibujon Armas, 1984 O Ch, Cu, Pv, Sd Buthidae 014 Centruroides baracoae Armas, 1976 O Ch, Cu, Pi, Pv, Se, Sd, Sv 015 Centruroides gracilis (Latreille, 1804) – Ch, Pv, Se 016 Rhopalurus junceus (Herbst, 1800) C Ch, Cu, Pi, Pv, Se, Sd, Sv SOLPUGIDA Ammotrechidae 017 Ammotrechella sp. nov. 1 L Pv 018 Ammotrechella sp. nov. 2 L Ch O Ch, Cu, Pv, Se UROPYGI Thelyphonidae 019 330 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES Mastigoproctus baracoensis Franganillo, 1931 I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 7 Species of scorpions, amblypygids, schizomids, solpugids, ricinulids, and uropygids recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park during the rapid inventory, 12-22 February 2004, by Rolando Teruel. Otros Arácnidos / Other Arachnids LEYENDA/ LEGEND Endemismo/ Endemism Sectores y microhábitats / Sectors and microhabitats BA ME OJ L = Endémico local del Parque/ Local endemic found only in the Park O = Endémico de Cuba oriental / Endemic to eastern Cuba C = Endémico cubano/ Endemic to Cuba CU 001 Bp, Dv Bp Bp – 002 Bp – – – 003 Bc, Bp Bc, Bp Bc, Bp Bc, Bp 004 Bc, Bp Bc, Bp Bc, Bp Bc, Bp Sectores/ Sectors BA = Baracoa ME = La Melba OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte 005 – – – Bp Hábitats / Habitats 006 – Bp – – 007 – – – Bc 008 – Bc, Bp Bp – 009 Bp – – – 010 Bp Bp Bp Bp 011 – Bc Bc – 012 Bp – – – 013 Bp – – Bp Ch = Matorral (charrascal)/ Charrascal (scrub forest) Cu = Cultivos/ Crops Pi = Bosque de pinos/ Pine forest Pv = Bosque pluvial/ Rainforest Sd = Bosque semideciduo/ Semideciduous forest Se = Vegetación secundaria / Secondary vegetation Sv = Bosque siempreverde/ Evergreen forest Microhábitats/ Microhabitats Bc, Bp, Dc Bc, Bp, Dc Bc, Bp, Bc, – – Dc – – Dc = Dentro de casas / In houses Bc, Bp, Dc Bc, Bp, Dc Bc, Bp, Dc Bc, Bp, Dc Dv 017 – Bc – – 018 Bp – – – 019 Bp Bp – Bp 014 015 016 Bc = Bajo cortezas/ Under bark Bp = Bajo piedras/ Under rocks C U BA : H U M BOLDT = Dentro de cavernas/ In caves N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 331 Apéndice / Appendix 8 Dípteros/Dipterans Especies de dípteros (moscas, mosquitos, guasasas, y jejenes ) registrados en el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt.” Compilado por Gabriel Garcés González. DÍPTEROS / DIPTERANS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Hábitats / Habitats BC BN PS – Agromyzidae Amauromyza maculosa (Malloch) – – – Calycomyza dominicensis Spencer* – – X – Calycomyza eupatorivora Spencer – – – – Calycomyza hyptidis Spencer – – – – Calycomyza ipomaeae (Frost) – – – – Calycomyza malvae (Burgess) – – – – Calycomyza meridiana (Hendel)* – – – – Calycomyza obscura Spencer* – – – – Calycomyza platyptera (Thomson)* – – – – Calycomyza promissa Frick* – – – – Calycomyza servilis Spencer* – – – – Calycomyza sp. 1 – – – – Calycomyza sp. 2 – – – – Liriomyza sativae Blanchard – – – – Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) – – – – Liriomyza sp. 1 – – – – Liriomyza sp. 2 – – – – Liriomyza sp. 3 – – – X Melanagromyza erechtitidis Spencer* – – – – Melanagromyza minima (Malloch) – – – – Melanagromyza simmondsi Spencer* – – – – Melanagromyza ultima Spencer* – – – – Melanagromyza sp. 1 – X X X Melanagromyza sp. 2 – – – – Ophiomyia ferina Spencer* – – – – Ophiomyia nassauensis Spencer* – – – – Ophiomyia sp. 1 – – – X Ophiomyia sp. 2 – – – – – X X – Pachychaeta ramsdeni (Bromley) – X X – Proctacanthus nigrimanus Curran P – – – Anisopidae** Sylvicola sp.** Asilidae Bibionidae Dilophus sp. 1 – – – X Dilophus sp. 2 – X – – – – – – Blephariceridae Paltostoma sp.* 332 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 8 Dípteros/Dipterans Species of dipterans (flies, mosquitoes, and gnats) recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. Compiled by Gabriel Garcés González. LEYENDA / LEGEND DÍPTEROS / DIPTERANS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Hábitats / Habitats BC BN PS * = Nuevo registro para el Parque / New record for the Park ** = Nuevo registro para Cuba / New record for Cuba Bombylidae Heterostylum haemorrhoicum (Loew) – – – – Endemismo/ Endemism Ligyra proserpina (Wiedemann) – – – – C = Endémico cubano/ Endemic to Cuba – – – – P = Endémico del Parque/ Endemic to the Park – – – – – – – – Cecidomyiidae Anarete buscki (Felt) Chamaemyidae Toropamecia maculata (Coquillet) Chloropidae Hippelates sp. Culididae Aedes aegypti Linn. – – – – Culex carcinophilus Dyar & Knab – – – – Culex quinquefaciatus Say – – – – Mansonia indubitans Dyar & Shannon – – – – Orthopodomyia signifera (Coquillet) – – – – Wyeomyia sp. – X X – Condylostylus dominicensis Robinson** – X – – Condylostylus graenicheri (Van Duzee) – X – X Condylostylus quadriseriatus Robinson** – X X X Condylostylus sp. – X X X Discopigiella sp.** – X X – Paraclius megalocerus Robinson** – X X – Paraclius sp. – X – – Sciapus decoripes Robinson** – X – – Hábitats/Habitats BC = Bosques con cafetales/ Forests with planted coffee BN = Bosques naturales/ Natural forests PS = Áreas deforestadas con pastizales / Pastures X = Especie colectada o registrada en este hábitat/Species collected or recorded in this habitat Dolichopodidae Sciapus sp. – – – – Tachytrechus sp.** – X X – Thryptichus sp.** – X X X Drosophilidae Drosophila sp. – X X – Zygothricha sp. – X X – P – – – – – – – Beameromyia cubensis (Bigot) P – – – Leptogaster sp. – – – X Empididae Lamprempis setigera Coquillet Lauxanidae Lauxania trilineata Loew Leptogastridae C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 333 Apéndice / Appendix 8 Dípteros/Dipterans DÍPTEROS / DIPTERANS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Hábitats / Habitats BC BN PS Micropezidae Grallipeza baracoa (Creson) P – – – Grallipeza sp. – X X – Hoplocheiloma sp. – X – – Micropeza verticalis Cresson P – – – Taeniaptera sp. – – – X Fannia benjamini Malloch – – – – Stomoxys calcitrans (Lin) – – – – – X – – Dohrniphora sp. – X – – Megaselia sp. – X – – – X – – – X X – Maruinia sp. – X X – Psychoda sp. – X – – Quatiella sp. – X – – – X X – Coilometopia bimaculata Loew C X X – Epiplatea erosa Loew – X X – – – X – – X X – – X X – – X – – Leptocera sp. – – – – Sphaerocera sp.** – X – – Muscidae Otitidae Euxesta sp. Phoridae Pipunculidae Pipunculus sp.** Platypezidae* Calotarsa sp.** Psychodidae Rhagionidae Chrysopilus sp. Richardidae Sarcophagidae Peckia praeceps (Wiedemann) Scatopsidae Scatopse sp. Sciaridae Sciara sp. Simuliidae Psilopelmia sp. Sphaeroceridae 334 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 8 Dípteros/Dipterans LEYENDA / LEGEND DÍPTEROS / DIPTERANS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Hábitats / Habitats BC BN PS * = Nuevo registro para el Parque / New record for the Park ** = Nuevo registro para Cuba / New record for Cuba Stratiomyidae Chrysochlorina sp. – X – – Endemismo/ Endemism Cyphomyia sp. – – – – C Hermetia sp. – – – – = Endémico cubano/ Endemic to Cuba Microchrysa sp. – X X X P = Endémico del Parque/ Endemic to the Park Ptecticus sp. – X – – Sargus fasciatus Fabricius – – – – Hábitats/Habitats Sargus sp. – X X – BC = Bosques con cafetales/ Forests with planted coffee Copestylum sp. – X X – BN Mixogaster cubensis Curran C X X – = Bosques naturales/ Natural forests Ocyptamus cubensis (Macquart) C X – – PS Paramicrodon delicatulus (Hull) C – – X = Áreas deforestadas con pastizales / Pastures Pseudodoros clavatus (Fab.) – – – – X Toxomerus arcifer (Loew) – X – – Toxomerus dispar (Fab.) – – – X = Especie colectada o registrada en este hábitat/Species collected or recorded in this habitat Toxomerus floralis (Fab.) – – – X Toxomerus maculatus (Bigot) – – – X Toxomerus watsoni Curran – – – X Stenotabanus fairchildi Chvála P – – – Stenotabanus sp. – – – – – – – X Epiphragma cubense Alexander P – – – Teucholabis sp. – X X – Syrphidae Tabanidae Therevidae Thereva sp. Tipulidae C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 335 Apéndice / Appendix 9 Himenópteros/Hymenopterans Especies de himenópteros (abejas, avispas, y hormigas) registrados en el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt,” a partir de registros de literatura, la revisión de la colección de BIOECO, y colectas antes y durante el inventario rápido del 12-22 de febrero del 2004, por Eduardo Portuondo Ferrer y José L. Fernández Triana. HI MENÓPTEROS / H YM E N OP TE RA N S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU – X – – Agaonidae (avispas/fig wasps) Idarnes sp. – Aphelinidae Ablerus sp. – – X – – Marietta sp. – – X – – Apidae (abejas/bees) Agapostemon kohliellus (Vachal) – X – – – Agapostemon poeyi Lucas – – – X – Apis mellifera L. – X X X X Augochlora regina Smith – X – X – Centris aethiops (Cresson) – – X – – Centris sp. – – X X – Ceratina cockerelli Smith – X – – – Ceratina cyaniventris Cresson – – X X – Coelioxys rufipes Guérin–Méneville – – – – – Colletes sp. – X X – – Exomalopsis globosa Cresson – – – X – Exomalopsis sp. – X X X X Hylaeus sp. – – – – X Hypochrotaenia cubensis Cresson – – – X – Hypochrotaenia pelipes (Cresson) – – – X – Lasioglossum parvum (Cresson) – X X X X Lasioglossum sp. – X X X X Megachile sp. – X – – – Melipona fulvipes Guérin–Méneville – X X – – Mesoplia azurea (Lepeletier) – – X X – Nomia robinsoni Cresson – – – – – Xylocopa cubaecola Lucas – X X X – Anisepyris jocundus Evans – – X X – Apenesia cubensis Evans – – X X – Apenesia sp. – – – X – Dissomphalus sp. – – X X – Epyris sp. – X X – – Bethylidae 336 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES Goniozus cariborum Evans – – X X – Goniozus crassifemur Evans – – X – – Goniozus megacephalus Ashmead – – X X – Goniozus spilogaster Evans – – X X – Goniozus sp. – X X X X I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 9 Species of hymenopterans (bees, wasps, and ants) recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park, from literature records, revision of the collection at BIOECO, and collections before and during the rapid inventory, 12-22 February 2004, by Eduardo Portuondo Ferrer and José L. Fernández Triana. LEYENDA / LEGEND H IME N Ó P T E R O S / HYM ENOPTERANS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Himenópteros/Hymenopterans Endemismo / Endemism Endemismo/ Endemism Sectores/ Sectors Cuba = Especie endémica cubana/ Species endemic to Cuba BA ME OJ CU Holepyris sp. – X – X – Pseudisobrachium alayoi Evans – – X X – Pseudisobrachium sp. – X X – X Scleroderma macrogaster (Ashmead) – X – – – Scleroderma sp. – – – X – Alysia analis Cresson – – X – – Alysia sp. – – X X – Apanteles sp. 1 – – X – – Apanteles sp. 2 – X – – – Sectores/ Sectors BA = Baracoa ME = La Melba OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector/Species collected or recorded in the sector Braconidae (avispas /braconid wasps) Apanteles sp. 3 – – – X – Aspilota sp. – – – – – Chelonus sp. – X X X – Compsobracon sp. – – – X – Euphoriella sp. – – X – – Heterospilus sp. – – X – – Macrocentrus sp. – – – – – Mirax sp. – – – – – Odontobracon sp. – – – – – Opius sp. – X X X – Pambolus sp. – – X – – Rogas sp. – X X X – Ceraphronidae Aphanogmus sp. – – X – – Ceraphron sp. – X X X – Conura (Spilochalcis) femorata (Fabricius) – – X – – Conura (Spilochalcis) transitiva (Walker) – X – – – Conura sp. 1 – – X – – Conura sp. 2 – – X – – Conura sp. 3 – – X X – Conura sp. 4 – X – – – – X X X – Chalcididae Chrysididae Adelphe sp. 1 Adelphe sp. 2 – X X X – Caenochrysis sp. – – X – – Chrysis oblonga (Cresson) – – X X – Chrysis purpuriventris Cresson – X – – – Elampus cubanus Huber – – X – – C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 337 Apéndice / Appendix 9 Himenópteros/Hymenopterans HI MENÓPTEROS / H YM E N OP TE RA N S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU – – X – – Acanthopria crassicornis Ashmead – – X X – Coptera sp. – – X – – Doliopria sp. – – X – – Entomacis sp. – – – – X Ismarus sp. – – – – – Spilomicrus sp. – – X – – Trichopria sp. – X X X – Aphelopus trinitatis Olmi – X – – – Aphelopus sp. – – X – – Dryinus sp. – – X X – Gonatopus campbelli Olmi – – X – – Gonatopus sp. – – X X – Thaumatodryinus rufus Richards – – X X – – – – X – – – X X – Achrysopophagus sp. – – X – – Adelencyrtus sp. – – – – – Aeptencyrtus sp. – – X – – Anagyrus sp. – – – X – Cheilonerus sp. – – X – – Coccidencyrtus sp. – – X – – Coccidoxenus sp. – – – – – Copidosoma sp. – – – X – Diversinervus sp. – – – X – – Hedychrum sp. Diapriidae Dryinidae Elasmidae Elasmus sp. Embolemidae Embolemus nearticus Brues Encyrtidae Leptomastix sp. – – X – Metaphycus sp. – – X X – Microterys sp. – – X – – Ooencyrtus sp. – – – – – Plagiomerus sp. – – – – – Pseudaphycus sp. – – X – – – X X X – Eucharitidae Orasema sp. 338 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 9 Himenópteros/Hymenopterans LEYENDA / LEGEND H IME N Ó P T E R O S / HYM ENOPTERANS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Endemismo/ Endemism Sectores/ Sectors Cuba = Especie endémica cubana/ Species endemic to Cuba BA ME OJ CU – X X – Eulophidae Aprostocetus sp. – Chrysocharis sp. – – – X – Elachertus sp. – X X – – Tetrastichus sp. – – – X – – – X – – Hyptia poeyi (Guérin–Méneville) – – X – – Hyptia sp. – X – X – – X X X X – – X X – Sectores/ Sectors BA = Baracoa ME = La Melba OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector/Species collected or recorded in the sector Eupelmidae Eupelmus sp. Evaniidae Figitidae Especies indetermindas de Eucoiline Formicidae (hormigas / ants) Anochetus mayri Emery Atta insularis Guérin-Méneville – X X X – Brachymyrmex heeri Forel – X X X – Brachymyrmex minutus Forel – – X X – Camponotus bermudezi Aguayo Cuba X X X – Camponotus gilviventris Roger Cuba X X X – Camponotus ramulorum Wheeler – X X X – Camponotus santosi Forel Cuba X X X – Camponotus sphaeralis Roger Cuba X – – – Camponotus thysanopus Wheeler Cuba – – X – Camponotus torrei Aguayo Cuba – – X – Cardiocondyla emeryi Forel – – X X – Cardiocondyla venustula Wheeler – – X X – Crematogaster sanguinea Roger Cuba X – – – Cyphomyrmex minutus Mayr – – X X – Dorymyrmex insanus (Buckley) – – X X – Forelius pruinosus (Roger) – – X X – Hypoponera opaciceps (Mayr) – – X X – Hypoponera opacior (Forel) – – X X – Leptogenys pubiceps cubaensis Santschi – – X – – Leptogenys puntaticeps Emery – X – X – Monomorium carbonarum Forel – X – – – Monomorium floricola (Jerdon) – – X X – Mycocepurus smithi Forel – – X X – Myrmelachista kraatzi Mann Cuba – – X – Myrmelachista rogerii André Cuba – X X – C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 339 Apéndice / Appendix 9 Himenópteros/Hymenopterans HI MENÓPTEROS / H YM E N OP TE RA N S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU Odontomachus sp. – – X – – Pachycondyla stigma (Fabr.) – X X X – Paratrechina anthracina (Roger) Cuba X X X – Paratrechina fulva (Mayr) – – X X – Paratrechina myops (Mann) – – X X – Paratrechina vividula (Nylander) – X X X – Paratrechina sp. – X X X – Pheidole fallax Mayr – – – X – Pheidole flavens Roger – X X X – Pheidole megacephala (Fabr.) – – X X – Pheidole similigena Wheeler – – X X – Platythyrea punctata (Smith) – – X X – Prenolepis gibberosa Roger – X – – – Pseudomyrmex cubaensis (Forel) – – X X – Pseudomyrmex opacior Forel – – X – – Pseudomyrmex pallidus (Smith) – – X X – Pseudomyrmex pazosi Santschi – – – X – Rogeria brunnea Santschi – – X X – Solenopsis corticalis Forel – – X X – Solenopsis geminata (Fabr.) – X X X X Solenopsis globularia Forel – – – X – Strumigenys convexiceps (Santschi) – – X – – Strumigenys eggersi Mann – – X – – Strumigenys simulans (Santschi) – – X X – Tachymyrmex jamaicensis cubaensis Wheeler – – X – – Tapinoma litorale Wheeler – – X X – Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius – X X X – Temnothorax mortoni (Aguayo) Cuba – X X – Temnothorax terricolus (Mann) Cuba X – – – Temnothorax purpuratus (Roger) Cuba X X X – Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander) – – X – – Thaumatomyrmex cochlearis Creighton Cuba – – X – Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) – X X X X Ichneumonidae (Avispas /Wasps) 340 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES Acroricnus cubensis (Cresson) – – – – – Anomalon sp. – X – – – Casinaria sp. – X – – – Compsocryptus fasciipennis (Brullé) – – – – – Eiphosoma sp. 1 – – X – – I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 9 Himenópteros/Hymenopterans LEYENDA / LEGEND H IME N Ó P T E R O S / HYM ENOPTERANS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Endemismo/ Endemism Sectores/ Sectors Cuba = Especie endémica cubana/ Species endemic to Cuba BA ME OJ CU Eiphosoma sp. 2 – X – – – Eiphosoma sp. 3 – X – – – Eniscopilus sp. 1 – – X – – Eniscopilus sp. 2 – – X X – Eniscopilus sp. 3 – – – X – Eniscopilus sp. 4 – X X X – Eniscopilus sp. 5 – X – – – Lymeon bicinctus (Cresson) – – – X – Neotheronia sp. 1 – – X – – Neotheronia sp. 2 – X – – – Neotheronia sp. 3 – – – – – Nesolinoceras ornatipennis (Cresson) – – – – – Netelia sp. 1 – – X – – Netelia sp. 2 – – – X – Netelia sp. 3 – X – – – Ophion flavidus Brullé – X X – – Ophiopterus cincticornis (Cresson) – X – – – Orthocentrus sp. – – – – – Pimpla sp. 1 – X X X – Pimpla sp. 2 – X – – – Platymystax sp. – – X X – Polycyrtus semialbus (Cresson) – – – X – Polycyrtus subtenuis (Cresson) – – – X – Polycyrtus thoracicus Tzankov & Alayo – – – X – Thyreodon sp. 1 – – X – – Thyreodon sp. 2 – X – – – – – X – – Ephuta furcillata Mickel – – X – – Ephuta tholosa Dow – – X X – Timulla senex (Guérin-Méneville) – – X – – – – X – – Anagrus sp. – – X – – Erytmelus sp. – – – X – Gonatocerus sp. – – X X – Mymar sp. – – X – – Polynema sp. – – X X – Sectores/ Sectors BA = Baracoa ME = La Melba OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector/Species collected or recorded in the sector Megaspilidae Conostigmus sp. Mutillidae (avispas/velvet ants) Mymaridae Alaptus sp. C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 341 Apéndice / Appendix 9 Himenópteros/Hymenopterans HI MENÓPTEROS / H YM E N OP TE RA N S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU – – X – – Leptacis sp. – – X – – Platygaster sp. – – X – – Synopea sp. – – X X – Platygastridae Inostemma sp. Pompilidae (avispas/spider wasps) Ageniella dowi (Banks) – – X – – Ageniella salti Banks – – X X – Anoplius amethystinus (Fabricius) – X – – – Anoplius fulgidus (Cresson) – X X X – Anoplius insignis (Cresson) – – X – Anoplius perpilosus (Banks) – – X X – Aporinellus medianus Banks – – X X – Aporus antillarum (Bradley) – – X X – Auplopus bellus (Cresson) – X – – – Auplopus nabori Alayo – – X – – Dipogon cubensis Genaro & Portuondo Cuba – X X – Drepanoporus collaris (Cresson) – X X X – Epipompilus pulcherrimus (Evans) – X – – – Irenangelus sp. – – X – – Pepsis dominguensis Lepeletier – – – – – Pepsis marginata Palissot de Beau. – – X X – Pepsis saphirus Palissot de Beau. – – – X – Priocnemioides flammipennis (Smith) – – X X – Priocnemis macer (Cresson) – – X X – Psorthaspis elegans (Cresson) – – X – – Psorthaspis purpuripennis (Cresson) – – X X – Proctotrupidae Cryptocerphus sp. – – X – – Exallonyx sp. – – X – – Halticoptera sp. – – X – – Lelaps sp. – X X X – Spalangia sp. – X X – – Pteromalidae Scelionidae 342 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES Baeus spp. – – X X – Baryconus sp. – – X – – Calliscelio marlatti (Ashmead) – – – – – Calliscelio sp. – – X – – I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 9 Himenópteros/Hymenopterans LEYENDA / LEGEND H IME N Ó P T E R O S / HYM ENOPTERANS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Endemismo/ Endemism Sectores/ Sectors Cuba = Especie endémica cubana/ Species endemic to Cuba BA ME OJ CU Cramatobaeus sp. – – X – – Duta sp. – – X – – Gryon sp. – X X X Idris sp. – – X – Laphita sp. – – X – – Macroteleia sp. – – X – – – Odontocolus sp. – – X – – Opistacantha sp. – – – X – Parascelio sp. – – X X – Probaryconus sp. – – – – – Pseudanteris sp. – – – – – Scelio spp. – – X – – Telenomus spp. – X X X X Trimurus sp. – X X X – Triteleia sp. – – X – – – – X X – Campsomeris fulvohirta (Cresson) – – X X – Campsomeris trifasciata (Fabricius) – X X X – – – X X – Bicyrtes spinosa (Fabricius) – – – – – Ectemnius ferrasi Alayo – – X – – Liris sp. – X X X X Sectores/ Sectors BA = Baracoa ME = La Melba OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector/Species collected or recorded in the sector Sclerogibbidae Probethylus schwarzi Ashmead Scoliidae Signiphoridae Signiphora sp. Sphecidae (avispas/mud and digger wasps) Liroda antillana Genaro & Portuondo Cuba – X X – Oxybelus analis Cresson – X X – – Pluto argentifrons (Cresson) – – X – – Podium fulvipes Cresson – – – X – Podium tau (Palisot de Beauvois) – – X X – Rhopalum montanus (Alayo) – – X X – Sceliphron annulatum (Cresson) – – – X – Sceliphron assimile (Dahlbom) – X X X – Solierella sola Genaro & Portuondo Cuba – X X – Sphex jamaicensis (Drury) – – X X – Stictia signata (Linneo) – X X – – Tachysphex alayoi Pulawski – – X X – Tachysphex sp. – – X – – C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 343 Apéndice / Appendix 9 Himenópteros/Hymenopterans HI MENÓPTEROS / H YM E N OP TE RA N S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo / Endemism Sectores/ Sectors BA ME OJ CU Tachytes chrysopyga (Spinola) – – X X – Trypoxylum orientinum Richards – – X X – Trypoxylum succinctum Cresson – – X – – Trypoxylum sp. nov. Cuba – X X – – X – – – Tiphidae Myzinun albopictum Cresson Myzinun ephippium laterale Cresson – X – – – Tiphia argentipes Cresson – X X X – Tiphia dowi Allen & Krombein – – X X – Trichogrammatidae Oligosita sp. – – X – – Trichogramma sp. – X X – – Ufens sp. – – X – – – Vespidae (avispas/paper wasps) 344 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES Mischocyttarus acunai Alayo – X X X Mischocyttarus cubensis (Saussure) – X X X – Mischocyttarus mexicanus cubicola Richars – – X – – Polistes cubensis Lepeletier – X X X – Polistes major Palissot de Beauvois – X X X – Polistes poeyi Lepeletier – X X X – Pachodynerus cubensis (Saussure) – X – – – Pachodynerus scrupeus (Zavattari) – – X – – I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 9 Himenópteros/Hymenopterans LEYENDA / LEGEND Endemismo/ Endemism Sectores/ Sectors Cuba = Especie endémica cubana/ Species endemic to Cuba BA = Baracoa ME = La Melba OJ = Ojito de Agua CU = Cupeyal del Norte X = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector/Species collected or recorded in the sector C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 345 Apéndice / Appendix 10 Anfibios y Reptiles/ Amphibians and Reptiles Especies de anfibios y reptiles registrados en el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt,” Cuba, a partir de registros de literatura y colectas antes y durante el inventario rápido del 12–22 de febrero del 2004, por Ansel Fong G., Luis M. Díaz, y Nicasio Viña Dávila. AN F IB IO S Y R E P T IL ES / AM PHI BI ANS AND REPTI LES Nombre científico / Scientific name Endemismo/ Endemism Sectores/ Sectors Microhábitats/ Microhabitats BA ME OJ CU Categoría de amenaza/ Threat category AMPHIBIA ANURA Bufonidae Bufo peltocephalus C X – – – Oa, Su – Bufo taladai* C X X X ? Oa, Su VU – X X X X Aa, Br, Ch, Oa – Hylidae Osteopilus septentrionalis* Leptodactylidae Eleutherodactylus acmonis E – – – X Hj, Su Eleutherodactylus atkinsi* C X X X ? S EN Eleutherodactylus auriculatus* C X X X X Aa, Hb, Su – Eleutherodactylus cuneatus* E X X X X Oa, Su – Eleutherodactylus dimidiatus* C X X X ? Hj, Su NT Eleutherodactylus guantanamera* E X X – – Br VU Eleutherodactylus gundlachi* E X X – – Hj, Su EN Eleutherodactylus iberia* P X – – – Hj, Su CR Eleutherodactylus limbatus C – X X X Hj, Su VU Eleutherodactylus principalis P X – X X Aa, Hb, Su EN Eleutherodactylus ricordii* C X X X ? Hj, Su VU Eleutherodactylus ronaldi* E X X X X Aa, Su VU Eleutherodactylus simulans* S X X – – Hj, Su EN Eleutherodactylus tetajulia* P X – – – Hj, Su CR Eleutherodactylus toa* S X X X X Oa, Su EN Eleutherodactylus varleyi* C X – X – Hb, Su – – X – – X Oa – C – X – – Su – S X X – – S u – Ranidae Rana catesbeiana REPTILIA SQUAMATA – Anfisbénidos / Amphisbaenians Amphisbaenidae Amphisbaena cubana SQUAMATA – Saurios/ Lizards Anguidae Diploglossus nigropunctatus* u – Gekkonidae 346 Sphaerodactylus celicara* S X X – – Hj, Su VU Sphaerodactylus elegans – – – – X Ch, Su – RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 10 Anfibios y Reptiles/ Amphibians and Reptiles Species of amphibians and reptiles recorded in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park, Cuba, from literature records and collections before and during the rapid inventory, 12–22 February 2004, by Ansel Fong G., Luis M. Díaz, and Nicasio Viña Dávila. Nombre científico / Scientific name Endemismo/ Endemism Sectores/ Sectors Microhábitats/ Microhabitats BA ME OJ CU Categoría de amenaza/ Threat category Sphaerodactylus notatus – X – – – Hj, Su – Tarentola americana – X – – – Ch, Su – Anolis alayoni S X X X ? A Anolis allogus* C X X X X Aa, Su – Anolis alutaceus* C X X X X Hb – Anolis argenteolus C X X ? X Aa, Ch – Anolis argillaceus E ? X X X Aa – Anolis baracoae S X – – – Aa – Anolis cupeyalensis C – – X X Hb VU Anolis cyanopleurus* S X X X X Hb – Anolis fugitivus* P X X X – Hb CR Anolis homolechis* C X – X X Aa, Su – Anolis inexpectata* P X X X X Hb VU Anolis isolepis C X X X X Aa VU Anolis jubar* C X – – – Aa, Su – Anolis loysianus C ? X X X Aa LR Anolis noblei E – – – X Aa – Iguanidae LEYENDA / LEGEND * = Vistos en el inventario del 12–22 de febrero del 2004/ Observed during the rapid inventory Sectores/ Sectors Microhábitats/ Microhabitats BA = Baracoa Aa = Árboles y arbustos / Trees and shrubs ME = La Melba Endemismo/ Endemism OJ = Ojito de Agua P CU = Cupeyal del Norte = Endémico del Parque/ Endemic to the Park S = Endémico de la Subregión Sagua–Baracoa/ Endemic to the Sagua–Baracoa Subregion E = Endémico de Cuba oriental/ Endemic to eastern Cuba C = Endémico cubano/ Endemic to Cuba a X ? – Br = En bromelias/ In or on bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector / Species collected or recorded in the sector = No registrado en el sector, pero con probabilidades de que aparezca allí / Expected but not yet recorded in sector Ch = En construcciones humanas / In man-made structures Hb = En hierbas y vegetación baja / On grass and low vegetation Hj = Hojarasca/ In leaf litter Oa = Orilla de arroyos y ríos/ Stream banks Su = Suelo/ On ground Categoría de amenaza / Threat category (IUCN 2004, IUCN et al. 2004) EN = En peligro/ Endangered VU = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable NT = Casi amenazado/ Near threatened LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 347 Apéndice / Appendix 10 Anfibios y Reptiles/ Amphibians and Reptiles AN F IB IO S Y R E P T IL ES / AM PHI BI ANS AND REPTI LES Nombre científico / Scientific name Endemismo/ Endemism Sectores/ Sectors Microhábitats/ Microhabitats BA ME OJ CU Categoría de amenaza/ Threat category Anolis porcatus* C X X X X Aa, Ch – Anolis rubribarbus* S X X X X Aa, Su VU Anolis sagrei* – X X X X Aa, Ch, Su – Anolis smallwoodi E – X X X Aa – Anolis toldo P – X – – Aa – Chamaeleolis porcus E X – – – Aa VU Cyclura nubila* – X – – – Su EN Leiocephalus carinatus* – X – – – Su – Leiocephalus cubensis C – – X – S u – Leiocephalus macropus* C X X X X S u – Leiocephalus raviceps C – – – X S u – – X X X X S u – C X X X X Aa, Ch Alsophis cantherigerus* – X X X X Aa, Su Antillophis andreae* C X X X ? S Tretanorhinus variabilis – – – X X Oa, Su Tropidophis fuscus S X – X – Su Tropidophis melanurus* C X X X X S Tropidophis wrighti C – X X – Su VU – ? X X X Su – – X – – X Oa – Teiidae Ameiva auberi* SQUAMATA – Ofidios / Snakes Boidae Epicrates angulifer VU Colubridae – u – – Tropidophiidae VU u – Typhlopidae Typhlops lumbricalis TESTUDINES – Tortugas / Turtles Emydidae Trachemys decussata* 348 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 10 Anfibios y Reptiles/ Amphibians and Reptiles LEYENDA / LEGEND * = Vistos en el inventario del 12–22 de febrero del 2004/ Observed during the rapid inventory Sectores/ Sectors Microhábitats/ Microhabitats BA = Baracoa Aa = Árboles y arbustos / Trees and shrubs ME = La Melba Endemismo/ Endemism OJ = Ojito de Agua P CU = Cupeyal del Norte = Endémico del Parque/ Endemic to the Park S = Endémico de la Subregión Sagua–Baracoa / Endemic to the Sagua–Baracoa Subregion E = Endémico de Cuba oriental/ Endemic to eastern Cuba C = Endémico cubano / Endemic to Cuba X ? Br = En bromelias/ In or on bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) = Especie colectada o registrada en el sector / Species collected or recorded in the sector = No registrado en el sector, pero con probabilidades de que aparezca allí / Expected but not yet recorded in sector Ch = En construcciones humanas/ In man-made structures Hb = En hierbas y vegetación baja / On grass and low vegetation Hj = Hojarasca/ In leaf litter Oa = Orilla de arroyos y ríos/ Stream banks Su = Suelo/ On ground Categoría de amenaza / Threat category (IUCN 2004, IUCN et al. 2004) EN = En peligro/ Endangered VU = Vulnerable/ Vulnerable NT = Casi amenazado/ Near threatened LR = Menor riesgo/ Lower risk C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 349 Apéndice / Appendix 11 Anfibios y Reptiles de El Toldo/ Amphibians and Reptiles of El Toldo Especies de anfibios y reptiles registrados en la altiplanicie El Toldo (provincia Holguín), dentro del Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt,” Cuba, a partir de colectas durante cinco expediciones en septiembre-octubre de 1996, febrero-marzo, junio, y noviembre de 1997, y septiembre de 1998, por Ansel Fong G., Nicasio Viña Dávila, y Nicasio Viña Bayés. ANFI BI OS Y REPTI L E S / A M P H I BI A N S A N D RE P TI LE S ( A LTI P LA N C I E E L TODO ) Nombre científico/ Scientific name Tipo de vegetación / Vegetation type Abundancia/ Abundance CH MS PE PC X X – – R X X – – C Eleutherodactylus atkinsi* – X – – R Eleutherodactylus auriculatus* – – X X C Eleutherodactylus cuneatus* – – X X C Eleutherodactylus dimidiatus* – – X X C Eleutherodactylus guantanamera* – X X X C Eleutherodactylus iberia* – – X – R Eleutherodactylus limbatus* – – X – R Eleutherodactylus ricordii* – – X – U Eleutherodactylus ronaldi* – – X X C Eleutherodactylus tetajulia* – – X – R Eleutherodactylus toa* – – X X C – – X X U Anolis alayoni* – – X – U Anolis allogus* – – X – C Anolis alutaceus* – – X X C Anolis argillaceus* – – – X U Anolis cyanopleurus* – – X – C Anolis fugitivus* – – X X C Anolis inexpectata* – – X X C Anolis isolepis* – – X – U Anolis loysianus* – – X – U Anolis porcatus* – X X X C Anolis rubribarbus* X – X X C Anolis sagrei* – X – – C Anolis smallwoodi* – – X – C Anolis toldo* – – X – R Leiocephalus cubensis* X – – – U Leiocephalus macropus* X X – – C X X – – C AMPHIBIA – Anura Bufonidae Bufo taladai* Hylidae Osteopilus septentrionalis Leptodactylidae REPTILIA – Saurios /Lizards Anguidae Diploglossus nigropunctatus* Iguanidae Teiidae Ameiva auberi 350 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 11 Anfibios y Reptiles de El Toldo/ Amphibians and Reptiles of El Toldo Species of amphibians and reptiles recorded in the Altiplanicie El Toldo (Holguín Province), within Alejandro de Humboldt National Park, Cuba, from collections during five expeditions in September-October 1996, February-March, June, and November of 1997, and September 1998, by Ansel Fong G., Nicasio Viña Dávila, and Nicasio Viña Bayés. LEYENDA / LEGEND A NF IB IO S Y R E P T ILES / AM PHI BI ANS AND REPTI LES ( ALT I P LA N C I E E L TODO) Nombre científico/ Scientific name Tipo de vegetación / Vegetation type CH MS Abundancia / Abundance PE * = Especies endémicas cubanas/ Species endemic to Cuba Tipo de vegetación/ Vegetation type PC CH = Charrascal nublado / Cloud scrub–forest REPTILIA – Ofidios /Snakes Colubridae MS = Matorral secundario/ Secondary scrub Alsophis cantherigerus X X – – U Antillophis andreae* X X X X C PE = Pluvisilva esclerófila/ Sclerophytic–leaved rainforest Tropidophis fuscus* – X – – U Tropidophis melanurus* – X – – U PC = Pinar de Pinus cubensis / Pine forest of P. cubensis Tropidophis wrighti* – X – – U Tropidophiidae Abundancia/ Abundance Typhlopidae Typhlops lumbricalis X X X – C C = Común / Common U = Poco común / Uncommon R = Raro/ Rare C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 351 Apéndice / Appendix 12 Aves/Birds Especies de aves registradas en el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt,” Cuba, durante el inventario rápido del 12-22 de febrero del 2004, por Andrew Farnsworth, Douglas Stotz, Luis Omar Melián, Kenneth Rosenberg, Eduardo Iñigo-Elias, Freddy Rodríguez Santana, y Gerardo Begué. AV E S / B IR D S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Nombre común Common name Altura/Altitude (msnm /m) Podicepedidae 001 Tachybaptus dominicus Zaramagullón Chico Least Grebe 0–100 002 Podilymbus podiceps Zaramagullón Grande Pied-billed Grebe 100 Alcatraz Brown Pelican 0 Pelecanidae 003 Pelecanus occidentalis Ardeidae 004 Egretta thula Garza Blanca Snowy Egret 0–150 005 Egretta caerulea Garza Azul Little Blue Heron 0–150 006 Bubulcus ibis Garza Ganadera Cattle Egret 0–200 007 Butorides striatus Aguaitacaimán Green Heron 0 008 Nyctanassa violacea Guanabá Real Yellow-crowned Night-Heron 0–150 Aura Tiñosa Turkey Vulture 0–700 Pato Agostero Masked Duck 0 100 Cathartidae 009 Cathartes aura Anatidae 010 Nomonyx dominicus Accipitridae 011 Pandion haliaetus Guincho Osprey 012 Elanoides forficatus Gavilán Cola de Tijera Swallow-tailed Kite 100 013 Accipiter gundlachi Gavilán Colilargo Gundlach’s Hawk 0–400 014 Accipiter striatus Gavilancito Sharp-shinned Hawk 0–300 015 Buteo platypterus Gavilán Bobo Broad-winged Hawk 150–450 016 Buteo jamaicensis Gavilán de Monte Red-tailed Hawk 0–400 Falconidae 017 Falco sparverius Cernícalo American Kestrel 0–350 018 Falco columbarius Halconcito de Paloma Merlin 0 019 Falco peregrinus Halcón de Patos Peregrine Falcon 0 Títere Sabanero Killdeer 100 Charadridae 020 Charadrius vociferus Scolopacidae 021 Tringa solitaria Zarapico Solitario Solitary Sandpiper 0 022 Actitis macularius Zarapico Manchado Spotted Sandpiper 0–100 Laridae 023 Larus atricilla Galleguito Laughing Gull 0 024 Sterna maxima Gaviota Real Royal Tern 0 Paloma Doméstica Rock Dove 0 Columbidae 025 352 Columba livia RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 12 Species of birds registered in Alejandro de Humboldt National Park, Cuba, during the rapid inventory, 12-22 February 2004, by Andrew Farnsworth, Douglas Stotz, Luis Omar Melián, Kenneth Rosenberg, Eduardo IñigoElias, Freddy Rodríguez Santana, and Gerardo Begué. Aves/Birds LEYENDA/ LEGEND Endémico/ Endemic Amenazada / Threatened Endemismo/ Endemism Localidades y abundancia/ Localities and abundance Cuba Sector La Melba Sector Baracoa El 26 BTaco Cocal CGuam Nuevo Yaman 001 – – – R X – – – 002 – – – R – – – – = Especie endémica de Cuba/ Species endemic to Cuba Amenazada/ Threatened (Garrido y/ and Kirkconnell 2000) Amen = Especie amenazada / Threatened species Localidades / Localities El 26 = El 26 003 – – – – X – – – 004 – – – F X – X – CGuam = Cayo Guam 005 – – – U X – X X Nuevo = Nuevo Mundo 006 – – – U X – X X Yaman = Yamanigüey 007 – – – – X – – – 008 – – – – X – X – Cocal = Cocalito BTaco = Bahía de Taco 009 010 011 – – – – Amen – 012 F – C – X X F – X – X Abundancia/ Abundance C = Común en la localidad/ Common at the locality F = Bastante común / Fairly common U = No común en la localidad / Uncommon at the locality R = Raro en la localidad/ Rare at the locality X = Registrado en el inventario rápido/ Registered during the rapid inventory – – U – – – – – R – – – – – 013 Cuba Amen R R X – X 014 – Amen R R X – – – 015 – – F C – – X – 016 – – R F X – – – 017 – – R U X F X X 018 – – – – X U – – 019 – – – – X – – – 020 – – – U – – – – 021 – – – – X – – – 022 – – – R – R – – 023 – – – – X – – X 024 – – – – X – – – 025 – – – – X – – – C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 353 Apéndice / Appendix 12 Aves/Birds AV E S / B IR D S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Nombre común Common name Altura/Altitude (msnm /m) 026 Patagioenas squamosa Torcaza Cuellimorada Scaly-naped Pigeon 0–500 027 Patagioenas leucocephala Torcaza Cabeciblanca White-crowned Pigeon 100 028 Zenaida asiatica Paloma Aliblanca White-winged Dove 0–100 029 Zenaida macroura Paloma Rabiche Mourning Dove 0–100 030 Columbina passerina Tojosa Common Ground-Dove 0–100 031 Geotrygon caniceps Camao Gray-fronted Quail-Dove 100–400 032 Geotrygon montana Boyero Ruddy Quail-Dove 0–350 Psittacidae 033 Amazona leucocephala Cotorra Cuban Parrot 0–500 034 Aratinga euops Catey Cuban Parakeet 0–400 Cuculidae 035 Saurothera merlini Arriero Great Lizard-Cuckoo 0–450 036 Crotophaga ani Judio Smooth-billed Ani 0–150 Lechuza Barn Owl 0–400 Tytonidae 037 Tyto alba Strigidae 038 Gymnoglaux lawrencii Sijú Cotunto Bare-legged Owl 0–400 039 Glaucidium siju Sijú Platanero Cuban Pygmy-Owl 0–600 Guabairo Americano Chuck-will’s-widow 100 Caprimulgidae 040 Caprimulgus carolinensis Apodidae 041 Cypseloides niger Vencejo Negro Black Swift 400 042 Streptoprocne zonaris Vencejo de Collar White-collared Swift 0–450 Zunzún Cuban Emerald 0–700 Tocororo Cuban Trogon 0–700 Cartacuba Cuban Tody 0–700 Martin Pescador Belted Kingfisher 0–150 0–200 Trochilidae 043 Chlorostilbon ricordii Trogonidae 044 Priotelus temnurus Todidae 045 Todus multicolor Alcedinidae 046 Ceryle alcyon Picidae 354 047 Melanerpes superciliaris Carpintero Jabado West Indian Woodpecker 048 Sphyrapicus varius Carpintero de Paso Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 0–350 049 Xiphidiopicus percussus Carpintero Verde Cuban Green Woodpecker 0–650 050 Colaptes auratus Carpintero Escapulario Northern Flicker 0–450 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 12 Aves/Birds LEYENDA/ LEGEND Endémico/ Endemic Amenazada / Threatened Endemismo/ Endemism Localidades y abundancia/ Localities and abundance Cuba Sector La Melba Sector Baracoa El 26 Cocal BTaco CGuam Nuevo Yaman C X C X – = Especie endémica de Cuba/ Species endemic to Cuba Amenazada/ Threatened (Garrido y/ and Kirkconnell 2000) Amen = Especie amenazada / Threatened species 026 – – C 027 001 – – – R – – – – 028 002 – – – – X – X – Localidades / Localities 029 – – – – X – – El 26 = El 26 030 003 – – – – X – X X Cocal 031 Cuba Amen – R – – X – BTaco = Bahía de Taco U U X – X – CGuam = Cayo Guam 032 004 Nuevo = Nuevo Mundo 005 033 006 – Amen C C X F X – 034 007 Cuba Amen F C X – – – Yaman = Yamanigüey Abundancia/ Abundance 008 035 – – F F X F X X 036 009 – – – – X – X – 010 – – R U X – X – 038 013 Cuba – U U X – – – 039 014 Cuba – F F X – X – – – – R – – – – 041 018 – – R – – – – – 042 019 – – F C X F X X – – C C X C X X Cuba – C C X C X X Cuba – C C X C X X – – – F X F – X 047 029 – – – U X – X X 048 030 – – R U X – X – 049 Cuba – F F X – X X 031 050 – – F F X U X – 037 011 012 C = Común en la localidad/ Common at the locality F = Bastante común / Fairly common U = No común en la localidad / Uncommon at the locality R = Raro en la localidad/ Rare at the locality X = Registrado en el inventario rápido/ Registered during the rapid inventory 015 040 016 = Cocalito 017 020 043 021 022 044 023 024 045 025 026 046 027 028 C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 355 Apéndice / Appendix 12 Aves/Birds AV E S / B IR D S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Nombre común Common name Altura/Altitude (msnm /m) Tyrannidae 051 Contopus caribaeus Bobito Chico Cuban Pewee 0–700 052 Myiarchus sagrae Bobito Grande La Sagra’s Flycatcher 0–650 053 Tyrannus caudifasciatus Pitirre Guatíbire Loggerhead Kingbird 0–450 054 Tyrannus cubensis Pitirre Real Giant Kingbird 150–300 Vireonidae 055 Vireo gundlachii Juan Chiví Cuban Vireo 0–100 056 Vireo flavifrons Verdón de Pecho Amarillo Yellow-throated Vireo 0–350 Cao Montero Cuban Crow 0–500 100 Corvidae 057 Corvus nasicus Hirundinidae 058 Tachycineta cyaneoviridis Golondrina de Bahamas Bahama Swallow 059 Hirundo rustica Golondrina Cola de Tijera Barn Swallow 0 060 Petrochelidon fulva Golondrina de Cuevas Cave Swallow 300–400 Rabuita Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 0 Sylviidae 061 Polioptila caerulea Turdidae 062 Myadestes elisabeth Ruiseñor Cuban Solitaire 0–600 063 Turdus plumbeus Zorzal Real Red-legged Thrush 0–700 Mimidae 064 Dumetella carolinensis Zorzal Gato Gray Catbird 0–150 065 Mimus polyglottos Sinsonte Northern Mockingbird 0–100 Parulidae 356 066 Vermivora chrysoptera Bijirita Alidorada Golden-winged Warbler 350 067 Parula americana Bijirita Chica Northern Parula 0–450 068 Dendroica petechia Canario de Manglar Yellow Warbler 0 069 Dendroica pensylvanica Bijirita de Costados Castaños Chestnut-sided Warbler 350 070 Dendroica magnolia Bijirita Magnolia Magnolia Warbler 350 071 Dendroica tigrina Bijirita Atigrada Cape May Warbler 0–400 072 Dendroica caerulenscens Bijirita Azul de Garganta Negra Black-throated Blue Warbler 0–650 073 Dendroica virens Bijirita de Garganta Negra Black-throated Green Warbler 300 074 Dendroica fusca Bijirita Blackburniana Blackburnian Warbler 100 075 Dendroica dominica Bijirita de Garganta Amarilla Yellow-throated Warbler 0–200 076 Dendroica discolor Mariposa Galana Prairie Warbler 0–400 077 Dendroica palmarum Bijirita Común Palm Warbler 0–100 078 Mniotilta varia Bijirita Trepadora Black-and-white Warbler 0–450 079 Setophaga ruticilla Candelita American Redstart 0–700 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 12 Aves/Birds LEYENDA/ LEGEND Endémico/ Endemic Amenazada / Threatened Endemismo/ Endemism Localidades y abundancia/ Localities and abundance Cuba Sector La Melba Sector Baracoa El 26 BTaco Cocal CGuam Nuevo Yaman = Especie endémica de Cuba/ Species endemic to Cuba Amenazada/ Threatened (Garrido y/ and Kirkconnell 2000) Amen = Especie amenazada / Threatened species 051 001 – – F F X F X X 052 002 – – F U X – X X Localidades / Localities 053 – – U F X – X X El 26 = El 26 054 003 – Amen – – – – X – Cocal 055 004 Cuba – – C X U X X CGuam = Cayo Guam 056 005 – – U U X – – – Nuevo = Nuevo Mundo – – C C X C X X = Cocalito BTaco = Bahía de Taco Yaman = Yamanigüey 006 057 007 Abundancia/ Abundance 008 058 – Amen – R – – – – 059 009 – – – – X – – – 060 010 – – U – – – – – 011 – – – – X 062 014 Cuba – C U X U X X 063 015 – – C C X C X X 064 017 – – – U X – X X 065 018 – – – – X – – X 066 020 – – R – – – – – 067 021 – – F F X U X X 068 022 – – – – – – – X 069 023 – – R – – – – – 070 024 – – R – – – – – 071 025 – – F F X F X X 072 026 – – C C X C X X 073 027 – – R – – – – – 074 028 – – – R – – – – 075 029 – – – – X U X X 076 030 – – F – X – X X 077 – – – F X F X – 031 078 – – F F X F X X 079 – – F C X F X X 061 012 – – – C = Común en la localidad/ Common at the locality F = Bastante común / Fairly common U = No común en la localidad / Uncommon at the locality R = Raro en la localidad/ Rare at the locality X = Registrado en el inventario rápido/ Registered during the rapid inventory 013 016 019 C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 357 Apéndice / Appendix 12 Aves/Birds AV E S / B IR D S Nombre científico/ Scientific name Nombre común Common name Altura/Altitude (msnm /m) 0–350 080 Helmitheros vermivorum Bijirita Gusanera Worm-eating Warbler 081 Lymnothlypis swainsonii Birijita de Swainson Swainson’s Warbler 100 082 Seiurus aurocapillus Señorita de Monte Ovenbird 0–450 083 Seiurus novaboracensis Señorita de Manglar Northern Waterthrush 0–100 084 Seiurus motacilla Señorita de Rio Louisiana Waterthrush 0–300 085 Geothlypis trichas Caretica Common Yellowthroat 0–400 086 Teretistris fornsi Pechero Oriente Warbler 0–700 087 Wilsonia pusilla Bijirita de Wilson Wilson’s Warbler 350 088 Wilsonia citrina Monjita Hooded Warbler 100 Thraupidae 089 Cyanerpes cyaneus Aparecido de San Diego Red-legged Honeycreeper 100–350 090 Spindalis zena Cabrero Western Stripe-headed Tanager 0–400 Emberizidae 091 Melopyrrha nigra Negrito Cuban Bullfinch 0–700 092 Tiaris olivaceus Tomeguín de la Tierra Yellow-faced Grassquit 0–400 Azulejo Indigo Bunting 350 Cardinalidae 093 Passerina cyanea Icteridae 094 Agelaius humeralis Mayito Tawny-shouldered Blackbird 0–200 095 Dives atroviolaceus Totí Cuban Blackbird 0–150 096 Quiscalus niger Chichinguaco Greater Antillean Grackle 0–450 097 Molothrus bonariensis Pájaro Vaquero Shiny Cowbird 0 098 Icterus dominicensis Solibio Greater Antillean Oriole 0–200 Gorrión Doméstico House Sparrow 0 Passeridae 099 358 Passer domesticus RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 12 Aves/Birds LEYENDA/ LEGEND Endémico/ Endemic Amenazada / Threatened Endemismo/ Endemism Localidades y abundancia/ Localities and abundance Cuba Sector La Melba Sector Baracoa El 26 Cocal BTaco CGuam Nuevo Yaman F X F X – = Especie endémica de Cuba/ Species endemic to Cuba Amenazada/ Threatened (Garrido y/ and Kirkconnell 2000) Amen = Especie amenazada / Threatened species 080 – – R 081 001 – – – R – – – – 082 002 – – U F X – X – Localidades / Localities 083 – – – U X – X X El 26 = El 26 084 003 – – R F X F X – Cocal 085 – – U F X F X X BTaco = Bahía de Taco 086 004 Cuba – C – X F – X CGuam = Cayo Guam 087 005 – – R – – – – – Nuevo = Nuevo Mundo 088 006 – – – – – – X – Yaman = Yamanigüey 089 008 – – R U – – – – Abundancia/ Abundance 090 – – C C X F X X C = Común en la localidad/ Common at the locality – – C U X F X X F = Bastante común / Fairly common U = No común en la localidad / Uncommon at the locality R = Raro en la localidad/ Rare at the locality X = Registrado en el inventario rápido/ Registered during the rapid inventory = Cocalito 007 009 091 010 – – U – X – X X – – R – – – – – 094 015 – – – – X – – – 095 016 Cuba – F X F X X 096 017 – – R – X F X X 097 018 – – – – X – – – 098 019 – – – F X – X X – – – – – – – X 092 011 012 093 013 014 020 099 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 359 Apéndice / Appendix 13 Mamíferos / Mammals Especies de mamíferos registrados en el Parque Nacional “Alejandro de Humboldt,” compilada por Gerardo Begué Quiala y Jorge L. Delgado a partir de observaciones personales, la literatura, y de los datos aportados por Pascual Ramírez Samón y Oliver Matos Sánchez. M A MÍF E R O S / MA MMALS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Nombre común / Common name Estatus/ Status Abundancia/ Abundance Sectores/ Sectors puerco jíbaro introducida X Ba, Me, Oj, Cu perro jíbaro introducida X Ba, Me, Oj, Cu gato jíbaro introducida X Ba, Me, Oj, Cu murciélago autóctona R Ba Artibeus jamaicensis murciélago autóctona C Ba, Oj, Cu Brachyphylla nana murciélago autóctona U Ba, Oj, Cu Erophylla sezekorni murciélago autóctona C Ba, Oj, Cu Monophyllus redmani murciélago autóctona C Ba, Oj, Cu Phyllops falcatus murciélago endémica X Ba, Oj, Cu Phyllonypteris poeyi murciélago endémica C Ba, Oj, Cu almiquí endémica X Me, Oj, Cu Capromys pilorides jutía conga endémica C Ba, Me, Oj, Cu Mysateles melanurus jutía andaraz (sata) endémica X Ba, Me, Oj, Cu Mus musculus ratón doméstico introducida U Ba, Me, Oj, Cu Rattus rattus rata negra introducida C Ba, Me, Oj, Cu manatí autóctona U Ba ARTIODACTYLA Suidae Sus scrofa CARNIVORA Canidae Canis familiaris Felidae Felis catus CHIROPTERA Molossidae Tadarida brasiliensis Phyllostomidae INSECTIVORA Solenodontidae Solenodon cubanus RODENTIA Capromyidae Muridae SIRENIA Trichechidae Trichechus manatus manatus 360 RAPID BIOLOG I CAL INVEN TORI ES I NFORM E / REPORT NO. 14 Apéndice /Appendix 13 Mamíferos / Mammals Species of mammals known from Alejandro de Humboldt National Park, compiled by Gerardo Begué Quiala and Jorge L. Delgado from personal observations, from the literature, and from the observations of Pascual Ramírez Samón and Oliver Matos Sánchez. LEYENDA / LEGEND Estatus/ Status Abundancia/ Abundance Sectores/ Sectors autóctona = Especie nativa, no endémica/ Species native to Cuba but not endemic C Ba = Especie registrada en el sector Baracoa/ Species recorded from the Baracoa Sector endémica = Endémica de Cuba/ Species endemic to Cuba = Bastante común, registrado siempre en el hábitat apropiado/ Common, always present in appropriate habitats U = Poco común, presente pero no siempre registrado en su hábitat / Uncommon, not always present in appropriate habitats introducida = Especie introducida, no nativa/ Non-native species, introduced to Cuba R = Raro/ Rare X = Presente en el Parque, pero con datos insuficientes para estimar abundancia/ Present in the Park but insufficient data to estimate abundance Me = Especie registrada en el sector La Melba / Species recorded from the La Melba Sector Oj = Especie registrada en el sector Ojito de Agua/ Species recorded from the Ojito de Agua Sector Cu = Especie registrada en el sector Cupeyal del Norte / Species recorded from the Cupeyal del Norte Sector C U BA : H U M BOLDT N OVI E M BRE / N OVE M B ER 2005 361 LITERATURA CITADA / LITERATURE CITED Abreu, R., J. de la Cruz, y A. Rams. 1988. Caracterización ecomorfológica de las madrigueras del almiquí (Solenodon cubanus) en Sierra de Cristal Holguín. Garciana 12:1-2. Acevedo, P. 1996. Análisis de los paisajes del Archipiélago SabanaCamagüey. Tesis de Doctorado. Facultad de Geografía. Universidad de La Habana, La Habana. Armas, L. F. de. 2002. Nuevas especies de Rowlandius Reddell & Cokendolpher, 1995 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) de Cuba. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 6:149-167. Alain, H. 1964. Flora de Cuba. Vol. V. Asociación de Estudiantes de Ciencias Biológicas, La Habana. Armas, L. F. de. 2004. Nueva especie de Rowlandius Reddell & Cokendolpher, 1995 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) de Cuba Oriental. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 10:149-167. Alayón García, G. 1977. Nuevas especies de Scytodes Latreille, 1804 (Araneae: Scytodidae) de Cuba. Poeyana 177:1-20. Barinaga, M. 1990. Where have all the froggies gone? Science 247:1033-1034. Alayón Garcia, G. 1987. 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