Agrostopoa (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae, Poinae), a New Genus with
Three Species from Colombia
Gerrit Davidse
John S. Lehmann Curator of Grasses, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis,
Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. gerrit.davidse@mobot.org
Robert J. Soreng and Paul M. Peterson
Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. sorengr@si.edu; peterson@si.edu
ABSTRACT . Agrostopoa Davidse, Soreng & P. M.
Peterson, a new genus endemic to the páramos of
Colombia, is proposed. The genus includes two new
species, A. barclayae Davidse, Soreng & P. M.
Peterson and A. woodii Soreng, P. M. Peterson &
Davidse, and a third species transferred from
Muhlenbergia Schreber, A. wallisii (Mez) P. M.
Peterson, Soreng & Davidse (lectotype designated
here). A key for determining the species and
illustrations of the three species are provided.
Agrostopoa is placed in subfamily Pooideae because
it has non-Kranz anatomy and lanceolate membranous
lodicules, and in tribe Poeae where it differs from
Agrostis L. by having carinate lemmas with a terminal
awn or mucro, well-developed paleas, and peculiar
synflorescences with recurved branches and fragile
pedicels. It is classified near Poa L., but differs from
that in its single-flowered spikelets that lack rachilla
extensions and possess awned or mucronate lemmas.
RESUMEN . Se propone Agrostopoa Davidse, Soreng &
P. M. Peterson como un género nuevo endémico de los
páramos de Colombia. El genero incluye dos especies
nuevas: A. barclayae Davidse, Soreng & P. M.
Peterson y A. woodii Soreng, P. M. Peterson &
Davidse; y las tres especies transferidos de Muhlenbergia Schreber: A. wallisii (Mez) P. M. Peterson,
Soreng & Davidse (lectotipo designado aquı́). Se
presenta una clave de determinación y las ilustraciones de esas tres especies. Agrostopoa pertenese a la
subfamilia Pooideae basado sobre la anatomı́a foliar
de non-Kranz y el tipo de las lodiculas cuales son
membranosas y lanceoladas, y a la tribu Poeae donde
Agrostopoa se diferencia de Agrostis L. por tener las
lemas carinadas con una arista o un mucron terminal,
las paleas bien desarolladas y las inflorescencias
peculiares con las ramas curvadas y los pedicelos
frágiles. Segun la esquema de clasificación Agrostopoa es aproximada a Poa L., pero se diferencia de ése
genero por tener las espiguillas con una sola flor que
NOVON 19: 32–40. PUBLISHED
ON
carecen la extensión de rachilla, y tienen las lemas
aristadas o mucronadas.
Key words: Agrostopoa, Colombia, IUCN Red
List, Poaceae, Poeae, Poinae, Pooideae, Sierra Nevada
del Cocuy, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
A perennial grass collected in 1959 by Barclay and
Juajibioy on the isolated Sierra Santa Marta massif in
northern Colombia has remained unnamed until now.
Reexamination of this collection convinced us this
collection represents an unknown species in subfamily Pooideae Bentham, tribe Poeae R. Brown. Our
search also indicated that a very similar annual
species had been previously described by Mez (1921)
as Muhlenbergia wallisii Mez, a genus placed in
subfamily Chloridoideae Kunth ex Beilschmied,
subtribe Muhlenbergiinae Pilger (Peterson et al.,
2001 [M. wallisii was intentionally excluded from
this Chloridoideae volume of the Catalogue of New
World Grasses], 2007). While inventorying species of
Muhlenbergia Schreber from South America in 1989,
PMP recognized that the type collected by G. Wallis
(M. wallisii) was not a chloridoid grass, but a member
of the Pooideae. Despite the efforts of agrostologists to
assign this collection to a current genus in the
intervening years, the mystery remained. After the
initial description of M. wallisii, no further mention
has been made of this species in the grass literature,
as far as we are aware, until Soreng et al. (2003: 454)
reevaluated the US isotype fragment and noted that it
represented an ‘‘unknown Deyeuxia or Pooideae.’’
The reappearance of the H. G. Barclay & P.
Juajibioy 7079 specimen from the Sierra Nevada de
Santa Marta gave us more material to study the annual
species, enabling us to reclassify this species into the
correct subfamily, and now we provide a new
combination in a new genus, Agrostopoa Davidse,
Soreng & P. M. Peterson. In addition, we also describe
two new species of Agrostopoa, one based on another
19 MARCH 2009.
doi: 10.3417/2007132
Volume 19, Number 1
2009
Davidse et al.
Agrostopoa (Poaceae) from Colombia
Barclay & Juajibioy collection from the headwaters of
the Rı́o Sevilla, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and the
other based on a J. R. I. Wood collection from about
500 km south-southeastward in the Sierra Nevada del
Cocuy in Colombia.
straight, or slightly sinuous, twisted; calluses glabrous,
smooth, indistinct; paleas subequal to equal to the
lemma in length, hyaline to thinly chartaceous,
chlorophyllous, keels 2, smooth or slightly scabrous
with distal hooks, the margins about as wide as the
inter-keel region, 0.2–0.25 mm wide. Flowers bisexual; lodicules 0.3–0.7 mm, 2, lanceolate, entire;
stamens 3, rarely 2, anthers 1.6–2.7 mm, filaments
attached near the middle of the anther; ovaries
glabrous, styles terminal, stigmas densely plumose,
white, bearing branches to or near the base; caryopses
1.2–2 mm, fusiform, slightly laterally compressed,
ventrally shallowly sulcate, firm, slightly translucent,
light brown; hilum basal, punctiform; embryo 1/5–1/3
the length of the grain. Chromosome number unknown.
Agrostopoa Davidse, Soreng & P. M. Peterson, gen.
nov. TYPE: Agrostopoa wallisii (Mez) P. M.
Peterson, Davidse & Soreng.
Genus novum ad tribum Poeas pertinens quod ab Agrostide
L. lemmate carinato in mucronem vel aristam non geniculatam terminalem desinente atque palea subchartacea et
chlorophyllosa lemma aequante manifeste bicarinata marginibus spatium inter carinas non excedentibus recedit; a Poa L.
spiculis sine racheolae extensione flosculum solitarium
gerentibus atque lemmate aristato vel mucronato recedit.
Annuals or perennials, tufted or sometimes rooting
at the lower culm nodes, branching primarily
intravaginal; culms 7–29 cm, terete, slender, hollow,
glabrous, smooth; nodes 2 to 6 or more, 0 to 3 nodes
exposed above. Upper sheaths loose, smooth, margins
closed at the base for 1–3 mm or up to 1/4 the length;
basal sheaths herbaceous, papery, or becoming
fibrous; collars without auricles; ligules 0.5–3.5 mm,
hyaline, clear or slightly brownish, abaxially smooth,
glabrous, apices entire to sparingly shallowly lacerate
or irregularly deeply lacerate; blades 0.8–5 cm, to
1.5 mm wide, thin, folded with flat or slightly involute
margins, the uppermost 0.5–1 cm, apices indistinctly
to distinctly naviculate, slightly scabrous. Synflorescences 1–4 cm with 5 to 20 spikelets, paniculate, axis
erect or arching, smooth, with 2 to 5 nodes; branches 1
to 4(to 5) per node, spreading, sinuous, slender,
fragile, smooth, longest branches 0.4–1.6 cm with 1 to
7 spikelets; pedicels smooth, proximally capillary,
recurved, fragile (breaking near base), distally
expanded for 0.2–5 mm below the spikelet attachment. Spikelets 2.4–5.6 mm (excluding awns),
1-flowered, laterally compressed, nodding, without a
rachilla extension, disarticulating above the glumes;
glumes 2, unequal to equal in length, thinly chartaceous, 1- to 3-nerved, keel smooth or keel and
margins slightly scabrous apically, margins hyaline,
narrow, spreading and exposing the floret; lower
glumes 2–5.6 mm, 1-nerved; upper glumes 2.4–
5.6 mm, 1- to 3-nerved; lemmas 2.1–4.5 mm, slightly
shorter to slightly longer than the glumes, laterally
compressed, 5-nerved, glabrous, surfaces mostly
smooth, thinly chartaceous, keeled, keels finely
scabrous in the distal 1/3–1/2; apices mucronate
(, 0.7 mm) or awned from between 2, delicate,
slightly scabrous, lateral lobes to 0.2 mm, or terminally awned, mucros and awns extended only as a
vein, densely and finely scabrous; awns 2–5.2 mm,
33
Leaf anatomy. In cross section, the blades are
thin with unspecialized mesophyll and widely spaced
vascular bundles indicating C3 metabolism. Microhairs are absent.
Distribution. All three species currently described in Agrostopoa are endemic to páramos of
northern Colombia, from 3450 to 4500 m elevation.
Etymology. We combine the generic names of
Agrostis and Poa to represent a new genus that is
somewhat morphologically intermediate between
these two genera.
Discussion. Agrostopoa differs from Agrostis by
having carinate lemmas that are mucronate or awned
with terminal non-geniculate awns and by having
thinly chartaceous, chlorophyllous paleas that are as
long as the lemmas with distinct keels where the
distance between the two nerves is equal to or broader
than the distance from either nerve to the margin.
Agrostopoa differs from Poa by having spikelets with a
single floret without a rachilla extension, and by
having awned or mucronate lemmas.
The only species of Agrostopoa previously described was named Muhlenbergia wallisii (; Agrostopoa wallisii) by Mez (1921). Because A. wallisii does
not have Kranz anatomy and bicellular microhairs are
lacking, it is definitely misplaced as a member of
subfamily Chloridoideae (Peterson et al., 2001, 2007).
In addition to possessing C3 metabolism, the lodicules
of Agrostopoa are thin and lanceolate, characteristics
that indicate a relationship with subfamily Pooideae
rather than Chloridoideae.
Agrostopoa seems most allied to members of tribe
Poeae s.l., subtribe Poinae (Soreng et al., 2003, 2007,
2008), where the following genera also have singleflowered spikelets: Aniselytron Merrill, Apera Adanson, Arctagrostis Grisebach, Libyella Pampanini, and
Tovarochloa T. D. Macfarland & But. Traditionally,
subtribe Agrostidinae Fries has included many genera
34
Novon
with single-flowered spikelets, but that characteristic
is highly homoplastic in tribe Poeae sensu Soreng et
al. (2003; cf. Soreng et al., 2007). Based on the
following five major suites of characters, we are
placing Agrostopoa in subtribe Poinae rather than
Agrostidinae: (1) the upper culm sheaths are closed
up to 1/4 their length, common in Poinae, rare or
absent in Agrostidinae; (2) the palea keels are well
separated, with the palea margins about as broad as
the inter-keel gap, whereas in Agrostidinae the
margins are commonly wider than the narrow interkeel gap (or invagination, if detectable when keels are
absent); (3) the paleas are membranous and chlorophyllous, whereas Agrostidinae paleas are typically
hyaline throughout except for the nerves of the keel
(when present); (4) the awns are terminal and not
geniculate, and the awns themselves are evenly
scabrous along their length, whereas in the Agrostidinae the awns are typically dorsal and geniculate and
the vestiture may vary along the length of the awn
(exceptions are the following genera that have
terminal or subterminal awns: Ancistragrostis S. T.
Blake, Simplicia Kirk, Echinopogon P. Beauvois, and
Dichelachne Endlicher); and (5) the lemmas and
calluses are totally glabrous and smooth except for
hooks on the upper half on the keel and apex near the
awn (Agrostis and relatives typically have some lines
of minute hairs along the base of the marginal nerves,
and there are usually hooks and also sometimes hairs
on the lemma surfaces). Without additional analyses,
we are not able to suggest what genera within the
Poinae might be most closely related to Agrostopoa.
Agrostopoa species resemble elements of the Old
World Colpodium Trinius complex (Alexeev, 1980;
Alexeev & Tzvelev, 1981; Hedberg & Hedberg, 1994)
that have single-flowered spikelets with glumes
approximately equaling the lemmas and lack or have
only vestigial rachilla extensions (i.e., Colpodium s.
str. [sections Colpodium and Keniochloa (Melderis) E.
B. Alexeev] and Paracolpodium (Tzvelev) Tzvelev
sections Paracolpodium and Tzvelevia E. B. Alexeev).
Species of Agrostopoa differ from all of these by the
glabrous lemmas that are scabrous in the upper part
(vs. pubescent in part and smooth throughout) and
have awns or mucros, and by having hooks along the
palea keels. From Colpodium they also differ in
having 5-veined lemmas, and from Paracolpodium
they differ in lacking rhizomes. Agrostopoa panicles
are reminiscent of the racemose panicles with
pendulous spikelets found in P. wallichii (Hooker f.
ex Stapf) E. B. Alexeev. Preliminary molecular
analyses by Gillespie et al. (2008) have shown
Colpodium and Zingeria P. A. Smirnow to group
together with Milium L., slightly apart from other
elements of subtribes Puccinelliinae Soreng & J. I.
Davis and Poinae, and for Paracolpodium to align
within Puccinelliinae with Catabrosa P. Beauvois,
Catabrosella (Tzvelev) Tzvelev, and Hyalopoa (Tzvelev) Tzvelev. However, unlike Agrostopoa, none of the
other genera listed above or other Puccinelliinae have
awns, whereas some genera of Poinae do. A possible
relationship of Agrostopoa to genera of subtribe
Cinninae Caruel also needs to be explored, as newer
DNA evidence suggests that Cinninae genera may
belong within Poinae (Gillespie et al., 2008). Cinninae
genera have single-flowered spikelets, but, among
other differences from Agrostopoa, their spikelets
disarticulate at the base of the glumes, and their
panicles are otherwise unspecialized.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AGROSTOPOA
1a. Plants annual; lower glumes (2–)2.3–2.6 mm;
upper glumes (2–)2.4–3.9 mm. . . . . . . . .1. A. wallisii
1b. Plants perennial; lower glumes (2.8–)3.4–5.6 mm;
upper glumes (3.2–)4–5.6 mm.
2a. Lemmas awned, the awns 2–5.2 mm; basal
sheaths papery; plants loosely tufted; culm
nodes 3 to 10, upper 1 or several nodes
exserted from the basal tuft of leaves;
major roots to 0.25 mm diam.; lower glumes
(2.8–)3.4–4.4 mm; upper glumes (3.2–)4–
4.4 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. A. barclayae
2b. Lemmas mucronate, the mucros to 0.6 mm;
basal sheaths becoming fibrous; plants densely tufted; culm nodes 2 or 3, hidden in the
basal tuft of leaves; major roots to 0.4 mm
diam.; lower glumes 4.4–5.6 mm; upper
glumes 4.7–5.6 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. A. woodii
1. Agrostopoa wallisii (Mez) P. M. Peterson, Soreng
& Davidse, comb. nov. Basionym: Muhlenbergia
wallisii Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
17(13–18): 214. 1921. TYPE: Colombia. Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, G. Wallis
s.n. (lectotype, designated here, US 90978 ex B;
isotype, US 90979). Figure 1.
Annuals, branching frequently from the lower nodes;
major roots ca. 0.20 mm diam.; culms 7–15 cm, slender,
erect, smooth, glabrous; internodes more than 6, except
the 2 lowermost, all elongated, without adventitious
roots. Leaves mostly cauline; sheaths herbaceous not
becoming fibrous or papery, with the margins free to
within 1–2.5 mm of the base and overlapping for most
of its length, loose (lightly inflated), smooth; ligules 0.8–
3.5 mm, triangular, hyaline except at the base, acute,
smooth, clear, upper margin entire or sparingly
lacerated; blades 0.8–2.5 cm, ca. 0.3 mm wide, folded
or slightly involute, twisted in senescent blades, thin,
surfaces and margins smooth, apex indistinctly narrowly naviculate, smooth (faintly slightly roughened with
incipient hooks). Panicles 1–3.5 cm, with 5 to 15
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35
Figure 1. Agrostopoa wallisii (Mez) P. M. Peterson, Soreng & Davidse. —A. Plant habit. —B. Sheath, ligule, and blade. —C.
Detail of panicle. —D. Lower glume. —E. Upper glume. —F. Lemma, dorsal view. —G. Lemma, ventral view. —H. Palea,
dorsal view. —I. Palea, ventral view. —J. Lodicules and stamens enclosed in palea. —K. Lodicules and pistil. —L. Caryopsis.
Drawn from H. G. Barclay & P. Juajibioy 7079 (MO, US).
36
Novon
spikelets, the main axis erect, included in the upper cm
with 3 to 5 nodes; lateral branches 1 to 4(to 5) at the
lowest node, spreading, slender, smooth; longest
branches up to 1.5 cm with up to 7 spikelets; pedicels
0.4–3 mm, with distal 0.2–0.8 mm expanded to the
tip. Spikelets 2.4–3.9 mm, excluding the awns, mostly
longer than the pedicels; glumes 0.4–0.5 mm wide in
side view, 1-nerved, laterally compressed, (colors not
determinable from the senescent material available),
margins narrowly hyaline from near the base, smooth,
apex acuminate to subaristate, keel smooth; lower
glumes (2–)2.3–2.6 mm, usually distinctly shorter
than the upper glume and the floret; upper glumes (2–)
2.4–3.9 mm, slightly longer or as long as the floret;
florets 2.4–3 mm; lemmas 2.1–3 mm, laterally compressed, terminally awned, 5-nerved with the lateral
and marginal nerves inconspicuous, keeled, keel with
fine hooks in the distal 1/8–1/4, sides smooth, green
to purple, margins involute at maturity, proximally
narrowly hyaline in the distal 1/2, suffused with
purple then clear to the edge; awns 2.5–5.2 mm,
arising from the apex, entered by the central nerve
only, hygroscopic, usually slightly sinuous near the
middle, loosely twisted in the lower 1/2, minutely
scabrous throughout; callus not well differentiated,
blunt, smooth, glabrous; paleas about as long as the
lemma or slightly shorter, acute, hyaline throughout
or the keels slightly thicker and chlorophyllous,
weakly 2-keeled, keels ca. 0.2 mm apart, smooth,
margins ca. 0.2 mm wide; lodicules ca. 0.3 mm,
minute; anthers 1.6–2.1 mm; caryopses ca. 1.5 mm,
ventrally straight and dorsally curved, dark honey
brown at maturity.
2. Agrostopoa barclayae Davidse, Soreng & P. M.
Peterson, sp. nov. TYPE: Colombia. Magdalena:
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, alrededores de
cabeceras de Rı́o Sevilla, 3490 m, 20 Jan. 1959,
H. G. Barclay & P. Juajibioy 6567 (holotype, MO
5114991; isotypes, COL, US 2434406, US).
Figure 2.
Distribution and habitat. Agrostopoa wallisii is
endemic to the high-elevation páramos of the Sierra
Nevada de Santa Marta. Specimens have been
collected on rock outcrops and on dry soils near the
headwaters of the Rı́o Ancho at 3500 m in Colombia.
IUCN Red List category. Agrostopoa wallisii
clearly falls within the Data Deficient (DD) category
as defined by the IUCN (2001). We have inadequate
information to assess the status of this species, since
we do not have data regarding its abundance or the
extent of its distribution.
Discussion. A lectotype at US was selected
because the holotype at B was destroyed and we do
not know if other original material exists.
Additional specimen examined. COLOMBIA. La Guajira
[as Depto. Magdalena on original label]: Sierra Nevada de
Santa Marta, alrededores de cabeceras de Rı́o Ancho,
Páramo de Macotama, 10u549550N, 73u309500W, 3500 m,
18 Feb. 1959, H. G. Barclay & P. Juajibioy 7079 (COL not
seen, MO 2778513, US 2434347).
Ab Agrostopoa wallisii (Mez) P. M. Peterson, Davidse &
Soreng habitu perenni, invaginationibus basalibus chartaceis, glumis inferioribus (2.8–)3.4–4.4 mm longis atque
superioribus (3.2–)4–4.4 mm longis recedit.
Perennials, loosely tufted with spreading culms,
sometimes rooting at the lower nodes; major roots ca.
0.25 mm diam.; culms 11–29 cm, erect to decumbent
at the base in longer culms, smooth; internodes 3 to
10, elongated, longer culms with adventitious roots at
the lower nodes. Leaves in basal clusters or in
elongated culms in one to several clusters from the
base of branches, originating from the lower 1/3 of the
culm; basal sheaths papery, with the margins free to
within 1–3 mm of the base and overlapping for most of
their length, smooth; ligules 1–3.1(–3.3) mm, membranous, deeply to shallowly and irregularly lacerate,
acute, abaxially smooth, clear or brownish; blades
1.5–5 cm, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, to 0.9 mm wide when
flattened, folded or slightly involute, thin, margins
smooth, apex indistinctly naviculate, faintly scabrous.
Panicles 2–4 cm with 5 to 20(to 30) spikelets, main
axis erect with 2 to 4 nodes, smooth; lateral branches
with 1 to 3 spikelets, spreading, slender, smooth;
pedicels 0.7–4 mm, with distal 0.2–0.8 mm expanded
to the tip. Spikelets (3.5–)4–4.5 mm excluding the
awns; glumes 0.2–0.3 mm wide in side view, 1-nerved
to faintly 3-nerved, laterally compressed, dorsally
green to purple, laterally purple, margins hyaline from
near the base, apex acute, keel and margins apically
weakly scabrous; lower glumes (2.8–)3.4–4.4 mm, as
long as or slightly shorter than the floret; upper glumes
(3.2–)4–4.4 mm, as long as or slightly longer than the
floret; florets 4–4.5 mm; lemma keel with fine hooks in
distal 1/2, sides inconspicuously papillate, terminally
awned, 5-nerved with the marginal nerves inconspicuous, smooth, glabrous, green to purple, margins
involute proximally, narrowly hyaline in distal 1/2,
suffused with purple then clear to the edge, with
sparse hooks toward the apex; apex acute, sometimes
with delicate, hyaline lobes ca. 0.2 mm; awns 2–
5.2 mm, arising from the apex or between the lobes,
entered by central nerve only, straight, slightly bent,
or sinuous, but never geniculate and not or only
slightly twisted at the base, minutely scabrous
throughout; callus not well differentiated, blunt,
smooth, glabrous; paleas about as long as the lemma,
keels ca. 0.25 mm apart, margins 0.25 mm wide,
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Davidse et al.
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Figure 2. Agrostopoa barclayae Davidse, Soreng & P. M. Peterson. —A. Plant habit. —B. Sheath, ligule, and blade. —C.
Detail of panicle. —D. Spikelet. —E. Lower glume. —F. Upper glume. —G. Lemma, dorsal view. —H. Lemma, ventral view.
—I. Palea, dorsal view. —J. Palea, ventral view. —K. Lodicules, pistil, and stamens enclosed in palea. —L. Lodicules. Drawn
from the isotype, H. G. Barclay & P. Juajibioy 6567 (US).
38
Novon
keels distally and apex with few hooks; lodicules ca.
0.5 mm, flat, nerveless, asymmetrically lanceolate
with an acute tip; anthers 2.1–2.7 mm, caryopsis
fusiform, light brown, slightly translucent (suggesting
lipid), ventrally sulcate.
1 to 3 per node, 0.4–0.6(–1) cm with solitary spikelets,
spreading, slender, smooth, capillary, fragile, recurved at the base, with distal 3–5 mm gradually
thickened to the tip. Spikelets 4.5–5.6 mm excluding
the awns; glumes 0.2–0.3 mm wide in side view, 1- to
3-nerved, laterally compressed, dorsally green to
purple, laterally purple, margins hyaline from near
the base, apex acute, keel and margins apically
weakly scabrous; lower glumes 4.4–5.6 mm, slightly
shorter to slightly longer than the floret; upper glumes
4.7–5.6 mm, slightly longer than the floret; florets
3.7–4.5 mm; lemma keel with fine hooks in distal 1/2,
sides inconspicuously papillate, terminally mucronate, 5-nerved with the marginal nerves inconspicuous, surface smooth, glabrous, green to purple,
margins involute proximally, hyaline in distal 1/2,
suffused with purple then clear to the edge, with
sparse hooks toward the apex; apex acute or
sometimes with 2 delicate, hyaline lobes ca.
0.1 mm; mucros 0.2–0.6 mm, arising from apex or
between lobes, entered by central nerve only, straight,
minutely scabrous throughout; callus not well differentiated, blunt, smooth, glabrous; paleas slightly
shorter than the lemma, keels ca. 0.25 mm apart,
margins 0.25 mm wide, keel apex with few to several
hooks; lodicules ca. 0.7 mm, flat, nerveless, broadly
lanceolate with a slightly irregularly lobed tip;
stamens 3, rarely 2; anthers 1.7–2.2 mm; caryopsis
ca. 2 mm, fusiform, light brown, firm, slightly
translucent (suggesting lipid), ventrally sulcate.
Distribution and habitat. Agrostopoa barclayae is
known only from the type locality near the headwaters
of the Rı́o Sevilla in the Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta, Colombia, where it was found growing among
large rocks in a deep draw bounded by rock outcrops
on west-facing slopes.
IUCN Red List category. Agrostopoa barclayae
clearly falls within the Data Deficient (DD) category
as defined by the IUCN (2001). We have inadequate
information to assess the status of this species, since
we do not have data regarding its abundance or the
extent of its distribution.
Etymology. The epithet honors Harriet G. Barclay, a former professor of botany at the University of
Tulsa (1929–1942), long-time botanist of the Rocky
Mountain Biological Laboratory, and explorer of the
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, who collected the type.
3. Agrostopoa woodii Soreng, P. M. Peterson &
Davidse, sp. nov. TYPE: Colombia. Boyacá:
Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Boquerón cf. Cusiri,
4450 m, 31 Dec. 1985, J. R. I. Wood 5268
(holotype, US 3481074; isotype, K). Figure 3.
Ab Agrostopoa wallisii (Mez) P. M. Peterson, Davidse &
Soreng habitu perenni, invaginationibus basalibus fibrosis,
glumis inferioribus 4.4–5.6 mm longis, superioribus 4.7–
5.6 mm longis atque lemmatibus mucronatis (non aristatis)
mucrone 0.2–0.6 mm longo recedit.
Perennials, completely glabrous, densly caespitose
with spreading culms, sometimes rooting at the lower
nodes; major roots ca. 0.4 mm diam.; culms 15–20 cm,
erect to decumbent at the base in longer culms,
smooth; nodes 2 or 3; internodes usually 2 or 3, hidden
in the basal tuft, longer culms with adventitious roots
at the lower nodes. Leaves in basal clusters or in
elongated culms in one to several clusters from the
base with branches originating from the lower 1/3 of
the culm; sheaths becoming distinctly fibrous in age,
uppermost ca. 4 cm, with the margins fused ca. 1/4
the length and overlapping on the upper part, smooth;
ligules 0.5–2.5 mm, membranous, deeply, irregularly
lacerate, acute, abaxially smooth, clear or brownish;
blades 1.5–4.5 cm, 0.5–0.8 mm wide, up to 1.5 mm
wide when flattened, flat or folded or slightly involute
on the margins, thin, surfaces and margins smooth,
apex abruptly distinctly naviculate, smooth. Panicles
2–3 cm, with 8 to 11 spikelets, barely exserted, main
axis erect, with 3 to 5 nodes, smooth; lateral branches
Distribution and habitat. Agrostopoa woodii is
known only from the Colombian type locality of
Boquerón cf. Cusiri (Cusiri Pass) in the Sierra Nevada
del Cocuy, ca. 100–130 km southeast of Bucaramanga, where it was found growing on bare gravel
banks beside a stream in a páramo at 4450 m.
IUCN Red List category. Agrostopoa woodii clearly falls within the Data Deficient (DD) category as
defined by the IUCN (2001). We have inadequate
information to assess the status of this species, since
we do not have data regarding its abundance or the
extent of its distribution.
Etymology. The epithet honors the type collector
J. R. I. Wood (1944–), a botanist at Oxford University
who specializes in Acanthaceae and Lamiaceae, and
who has been on many South American collecting
expeditions.
Acknowledgments. The authors thank Alice R.
Tangerini at the Smithsonian Institution for preparing
the illustrations; Patricia Gómez Bustamonte and
Kostantyn Romaschenko for help correcting the
Spanish resumen; Alain Touwaide for correcting the
Latin diagnoses; and Simon Laegaard, Victoria C.
Volume 19, Number 1
2009
Davidse et al.
Agrostopoa (Poaceae) from Colombia
39
Figure 3. Agrostopoa woodii Soreng, P. M. Peterson & Davidse. —A. Plant habit. —B. Sheath, ligule, and blade. —C.
Spikelet. —D. Lower glume. —E. Upper glume. —F. Lemma, dorsal view. —G. Lemma, ventral view. —H. Palea, dorsal
view. —I. Palea, ventral view. —J. Lodicules. —K. Lodicules, pistil, and stamens enclosed in palea. —L. Caryopsis, dorsal
view. —M. Caryopsis, ventral view. —N. Caryopsis, side view. Drawn from the holotype, J. R. I. Wood 5268 (US).
40
Novon
Hollowell, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful
comments that improved this paper.
Peterson, P. M., R. J. Soreng, G. Davidse, T. S. Filgueiras, F.
O. Zuloaga & E. J. Judziewicz. 2001. Catalogue of New
World Grasses (Poaceae): II. Subfamily Chloridoideae.
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 41: 1–255.
———, J. T. Columbus & S. J. Pennington. 2007.
Classification and biogeography of New World grasses:
Chloridoideae. Aliso 23: 580–594.
Soreng, R. J., P. M. Peterson, G. Davidse, E. J. Judziewicz, F.
O. Zuloaga, T. S. Filgueiras & O. Morrone. 2003.
Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily
Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48: 1–730.
———, J. I. Davis & M. A. Voionmaa. 2007. A phylogenetic
analysis of Poaceae tribe Poeae sensu lato based on
morphological characters and sequence data from three
plastid-encoded genes: Evidence for reticulation, and a
new classification for the tribe. Kew Bull. 62: 425–454.
———, P. M. Peterson, G. Davidse, E. J. Judziewicz, F. O.
Zuloaga, T. S. Filgueiras & O. Morrone. 2008. Classification of New World Grasses. Suprageneric classification.
<http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/nwgclass.html>, accessed 30 October 2008.
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