Check List the journal of biodiversity data Check List 11(4): 1718, 22 August 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.4.1718 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors LISTS OF SPECIES Tree species of the Himalayan Terai region of Uttar Pradesh, India: a checklist Omesh Bajpai1, 2, Anoop Kumar1, Awadhesh Kumar Srivastava1, Arun Kumar Kushwaha1, Jitendra Pandey2 and Lal Babu Chaudhary1* 1 Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 226 001, Lucknow, India 2 Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, 221 005, Varanasi, India * Corresponding author. E-mail: dr_lbchaudhary@redifmail.com Abstract: he study catalogues a sum of 278 tree species belonging to 185 genera and 57 families from the Terai region of Uttar Pradesh. he family Fabaceae has been found to exhibit the highest generic and species diversity with 23 genera and 44 species. he genus Ficus of Moraceae has been observed the largest with 15 species. About 50% species exhibit deciduous nature in the forest. Out of total species occurring in the region, about 63% are native to India. Almost all tree species have some importance in one and another way for the local people. In the study area about 80 species lower in the spring, 74 in the summer, 73 in the winter and 30 in rainy season. As per the existing IUCN Red List, 24 species of the area fall under diferent categories. Presence of these red listed trees in the study area enhances the importance of their proper management and conservation plan. and management, the proper assessment of the diversity of tree species are highly needed (Chaudhary et al. 2014). he information on phenology, uses, native origin, and vegetation type of the tree species provide more scope of such type of assessment study in the ield of sustainable management, conservation strategies and climate change etc. In the present study, the Terai region of Uttar Pradesh has been selected for the assessment of tree species as it consists of considerable number of species and has not been worked out during the recent time. he low lying land stretch in the north of IndoGangetic Plain along the foothills of Central Himalaya is known as ‘Terai’ (Chauhan et al. 2010). he similar region below the foothills of eastern Himalaya is distinguished from the Terai and is termed as ‘Dooars’ (Rodgers et al. 2002). It is dispersed in three Northern Indian States namely Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and the southern Nepal (Rodgers et al. 2002). It forms an ecotone where the Sub-Himalayan foothills encounter the plain region. Due to the edge efect this region exhibits the vegetation of both the contiguous regions and becomes one of the highly diverse regions of the country (Shukla 2009) and is one of the most diverse eco-regions of the world (De 2001; Kumar et al. 2002).he region covers a geographical area of ca. 92,911 km2 with a forest cover of ca. 8,108 km2 (Anonymous 2008). About 68% forest cover (5,501 km2) of this region comes under the boundary of Uttar Pradesh covering 21 districts (Anonymous 2008; Jha 2007). he information about the tree diversity of the Terai region is available in scattered form through various publications (Duthie 1903; Brandis 1906; Kanjilal 1933; Panigrahi et al. 1969; Srivastava 1976; Singh 1997; Saini 2005; Maliya and Datt 2010; Mishra and Pal 2010; Kishor et al. 2011; Kumar et al. 2011; Maliya 2011, 2012; Bajpai et al. 2012a, 2012b, 2014; Behera et al. 2012; Mishra et al. 2013; Chaudhary et al. 2014). All the information Key words: trees, Terai region, phenology, economic importance, Uttar Pradesh INTRODUCTION Trees are not only the major components of the forest and the vital part of our ecosystem, rather they also provide shelter to lower organisms as well as wildlife, act as environment protector, reduce the pollutants and provide a number of useful things such as timber, fuel, fodder, food, medicine, charcoal, gum, resins, rubber, pulp for paper etc. for human beings in day to day life. Many natural habitats are under threat and the species within them face potential extinction. he trees are fast disappearing and genetic diversity in tree species has become more vulnerable than other plant species (Tripathi et al. 2013). hus it is imperative to document and conserve the tree lora of any area before they become threatened and lost. For any conservation programme of the tree species and their sustainable use Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 1 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718 Bajpai et al. | Trees of Himalayan Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh Figure 1. Study site in the Terai region of Uttar Pradesh, India. month spring (March) and autumn (October). he mean minimum temperature varies from 4–5°C in December– January and maximum 40–45°C in May–June. he average annual rainfall varies from 1,085–1,228 mm. he Terai region comes under the tropical moist deciduous type of vegetation (Champion and Seth 1968; Rodgers and Panwar 1988) which can be further divided into following forest types: Sal forest, miscellaneous forest, teak plantation and savannah grasslands (Bajpai et al. 2012b; Behera et al. 2012). he grass lands are chiely located in the core zone of the forests. he teak plantation was used to ill the gaps within the forest in this region about 20–30 years ago, which has been now become naturalized in many areas by the regeneration of other associate species such as Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg., Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss., Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinclair, Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng., Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall.ex G. Donetc. pertain either to small areas or have become out dated due to changes in nomenclature, distribution and circumscription of various taxa. herefore, the present study is a cumulative efort that includes review on the existing literature, herbarium specimens housed at Botanical Survey of India, Central circle, Allahabad (BSA), Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow (BSIP), Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (CDRI), National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow (LWG) and collections made in the present study to prepare a checklist of tree species from the Terai region. he study will provide baseline information for loristic diversity assessments and updating lora in future. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area he Terai region in Uttar Pradesh spreads from Saharanpur to Deoria covering 21 districts of the State (Jha 2007). It is situated between 28°45′–26°15′ N and 079°51′–084°24′ E as a 30–50 km wide and ca. 1,670 km long strip with the elevation ranging between 100–300 m. For the safeguard of the biodiversity, one national park and six wildlife sanctuaries have been declared in this region (Figure 1). he study area comes under the monsoon type of climate which witness three diferent seasons: winters (November–February), summers (April–June) and rains (July–September) with one Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl Diversity assessment and data collection he entire study area has been explored comprehensively to collect and document the tree diversity during the years 2011–2013. he plant specimens were randomly collected from the aforesaid vegetation types. he herbarium specimens have been prepared following Lawrence (1951) and Jain and Rao (1977) and were deposited at LWG. he identiication of the species has been done with the 2 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718 Bajpai et al. | Trees of Himalayan Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh Figure 2. Dominant families with corresponding number of species and genera. help of regional loras and existing literature. he earlier collections housed at BSA, BSIP, CDRI and LWG have also been observed for the proper assessment of the tree diversity of the study area. Diferent online databases such as GRIN, IPNI, ILDIS, he Plant list, TROPICOS, e-loras etc. have been used for the correct and updated nomenclature of the species. he lowering and fruiting behaviours ( phenology) of the species have been assessed by seasonal visits as well as with the help of other (Saini 2005; Maliya and Datt 2010; Mishra and Pal 2010; Kumar et al. 2011; Maliya 2011, 2012; Bajpai et al. 2012a; Chaudhary et al. 2014) regional work. he deciduousness and ever greenness of the species has also been noticed during these visits. he economic values of the species have been assessed by interviewing the local haru tribal persons as well as from published work from the area. he native orgin of the species has also been traced out with the help of diferent available on-line data bases (http:// www.lowersoindia.net; http://www.eloras.org; http:// www.ipni.org; http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org). In the checklist, the plants whose, herbarium specimens have not been seen, the references of the previous reports have been cited to know the source of occurrence of the species in the study area. Figure 3. Number of species distributed across diferent vegetation types. families (Araliaceae, Capparaceae, Casuarinaceae, Celastraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Loganiaceae, Olacaceae, Oxalidaceae, Pandanaceae, Pittosporaceae, Primulaceae, Proteaceae, Putranjivaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Sabiaceae, Santalaceae, Simaroubaceae, Symplocaceae, Urticaceae, Verbenaceae) are represented by only single species and genus (Figure 2). About 146 species show the deciduous nature followed by 102 evergreens, 19 semi-deciduous and 11 semi-evergreen species (Figure 3). he area encompasses about 63% (177) species native to India. his clearly relects that the Terai region has its own natural diversity which supports the stable ecosystem with well adaptability for the area. he remaining species belong to Asian, American, African or Australian origin (Figure 4). he present documentation also recognizes the importance of tree species, as about 204 have been observed to be used for medicinal purposes in diferent human ailments. Similarly, 90 tree species RESULTS he present analysis includes 278 tree species under 185 genera of 57 families from the Terai region of the Uttar Pradesh. Each species has been provided with phenology, economic importance, native origin, vegetation type, vernacular name and collection number/references (Table 1). Fabaceae has been found as the largest family representing 44 species under 23 genera. Twenty Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 3 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718 Bajpai et al. | Trees of Himalayan Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh Table 1. List of tree species with their phenology, economic importance, native origin, vegetation type, vernacular name and collection number/reference. Sp. No. Botanical Name Phenology Economic Importance Native Origin Vegetation Type Vernacular Name Collection No./Reference DICOTYLEDONS Anacardiaceae 1 Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Almeida Feb. – May Seed edible, medicinal India Semi-deciduous Chirongi Mishra 7942 (BSA) 2 Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Mar. – Jun. Local timber, medicinal India Deciduous Jhingan Kumar and Bajpai 252198 & 252248 (LWG) 3 Mangifera indica L. Feb. – Jul. Fruits edible, medicinal, timber wood India Evergreen Aam Bajpai et al. 263733 (LWG) 4 Semecarpus anacardium L. f. Apr. – Oct. Medicinal, timber wood India Deciduous Bhilawa Bajpai and Chaudhary 264456 (LWG) 5 Spondias pinnata (J. Koenig ex L. f.) Kurz. Mar. - Aug. Medicinal, light wooden work South-East Asia Deciduous Ambara Kumar et al. 263620; Chaudhary et al. 252282 (LWG) Annonaceae 6 Annona reticulata L. May – Jan. Fruits edible, medicinal Central America & West Indies Semi-deciduous Ramphal Kanjilal (1933) 7 Annona squamosa L. Apr. – Jan. Fruits edible, medicinal Central America & West Indies Semi-deciduous Sharifa Kumar et al. 263615 (LWG) 8 Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinclair Apr. – Jul. Fruits edible, medicinal Indian Subcontinent Deciduous Kari Kumar and Bajpai 250620 & 250627; Kumar and Bajpai 252280 (LWG) 9 Miliusa velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. & Thoms. Mar. – Aug. Fruits edible, medicinal, local timber wood Tropical Asia Deciduous Bari kari Bajpai and Chaudhary 264499 (LWG) 10 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonner.) Thw. Apr. – Sep. Ornamental, medicinal South India & Sri Lanka Evergreen Ashok Kumar and Bajpai 252269 (LWG) 11 Polyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) Thwaites Apr. – Sep. Ornamental, medicinal Indian Subcontinent Evergreen Barachali Chaudhary et al. 250245 (LWG) Apocynaceae 12 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Nov. – Jun. Ornamental & avenue tree, medicinal Indian Subcontinent Evergreen Saptparni Bajpai et al. 263719 (LWG) 13 Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Dec. – Aug. Religious, medicinal, ibre Indian Subcontinent Evergreen Safed Madar Bajpai and Chaudhary 264478 (LWG) 14 Carissa carandas L. Mar. – Jul. Fruits edible, medicinal Indian Subcontinent Deciduous Karaunda Bajpai and Chaudhary 264427 (LWG) 15 Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold Most part of Ornamental tree, medicinal the year Tropical America Evergreen Pila Kaner Bajpai and Chaudhary 264455 (LWG) 16 Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.Ham.) Wall. ex G. Don May – Feb. Firewood, medicinal Native of India Deciduous Dudhi Kumar and Bajpai 250604 (LWG) 17 Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabberley Apr. – Dec. Ornamental tree, medicinal South-East Asia Deciduous Dharauli Maliya 224667 & 225225 (LWG) 18 Wrightia tinctoria R. Br. Mar. – Dec. Medicinal India & Myanmar Deciduous Kapar Saini (2005) Oct. – Apr. Medicinal, timber wood North-East Asia Evergreen Tarla Duthie (1903); Kanjilal (1933) Araliaceae 19 Heteropanax fragrans (Roxb.) Seem. Bignoniaceae 20 Fernandoa adenophylla (Wall. ex G. Don) Steenis Sep. – Feb. Wood Myanmar Deciduous Katsagon Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 21 Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don Mar. – Oct. Ornamental tree, medicinal Brazil Deciduous Nili Gulmohar Chaudhary et al. 252285 (LWG) 22 Kigelia africana (Lamk.) Benth. Mar. – Dec. Medicinal, timber wood Africa Deciduous Balamkhira Bajpai et al. 263966 (LWG) 23 Millingtonia hortensis L. f. Oct. – Feb. Ornamental tree, dye, medicinal Myanmar and Malaya Deciduous Neem Chameli Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) Medicinal, irewood 24 Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. May – Dec. India Deciduous Ullu Bajpai and Chaudhary 263967 (LWG) 25 Spathodea campanulata Beauv. Most part of Ornamental tree, medicinal the year Tropical Africa Evergreen Rudra Palash Srivastava (1976); Singh (1997) 26 Stereospermum chelonoides (L. f.) DC. Apr. – Dec. India and Myanmar Deciduous Padar Chaudhary et al. 250266 & 252218 (LWG) 27 Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth Most part of Ornamental tree the year Tropical South America Evergreen Piliya Maliya 227146 (LWG) Timber wood, medicinal Bixaceae 28 Bixa orellana L. Sep. – Mar. Ornamental tree, medicinal Tropical America Evergreen Sinduri Saini (2005) 29 Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston Apr. – Jul. Gum & ibre production, medicinal India and Malaysia Deciduous Galgal Kanjilal (1933) Boraginaceae 30 Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. Mar. – Jul. Fruits edible, medicinal Indian Subcontinent Deciduous Lassora Bajpai et al. 263732 (LWG) 31 Cordia grandis Roxb. Mar. – Sep. Fruits edible, medicinal Indian Subcontinent Deciduous Lassora Panigrahi et al. (1969) 32 Cordia vestita Hook. F. & Thoms. Mar. – Oct. Fruits edible, medicinal Indian Subcontinent Deciduous Latora Kanjilal (1933) 33 Ehretia acuminata R. Br. Sep. – Apr. Ornamental & avenue tree, medicinal India & SouthEast Asia Deciduous Paniya Bajpai et al. 263716 (LWG) 34 Ehretia laevis Roxb. Jan. – Aug. Ornamental & avenue tree, medicinal India & SouthEast Asia Deciduous Chamror Bajpai et al. 263705 (LWG) continued Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 4 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718 Bajpai et al. | Trees of Himalayan Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh Table 1. Continued. Sp. No. Botanical Name Phenology Economic Importance Native Origin Vegetation Type Vernacular Name Collection No./Reference Burseraceae 35 Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Jan. – May Rope ibre, medicinal India Deciduous Saleh Kanjilal (1933); Saini (2005) 36 Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari Mar. – Sep. Medicinal India Deciduous Guggul Saini (2005) 37 Garuga pinnata Roxb. Mar. – Oct. Fruits edible, medicinal India Deciduous Kharpat Maliya 227178 (LWG) Cannabaceae 38 Celtis australis L. Feb. – Nov. Timber wood, fodder, medicinal Asia Minor Deciduous Nettle Tree Maliya 224927 (LWG) 39 Celtis tetrandra Roxb. Feb. – Nov. Firewood, medicinal India Deciduous Kakai Chaudhary et al. 252861 (LWG) Feb. – Aug. Medicinal Indian Subcontinent Deciduous Barna Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) Mar. – Jul. Ornamental & avenue tree India & SouthEast Asia Evergreen Jangli Saru Bajpai et al. 263729, 263730, 263738 (LWG) Mar. – Jan. Timber wood, medicinal India Evergreen Jamrasi Kanjilal (1933); Saini (2005) Capparaceae 40 Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC. Casuarinaceae 41 Casuarina equisetifolia L. Celastraceae 42 Cassine glauca (Rottb.) Kuntze. Combretaceae 43 Anogeissus acuminata (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. Ex Guill. & Perr. Mar. – Dec. Household timber, dye South Asia Deciduous Dhau Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 44 Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall ex Guill & Perr. May – Feb. Fire & timber wood, gum & dye, medicinal South Asia Deciduous Dhaora Kanjilal (1933); Saini (2005) 45 Anogeissus sericea Brandis Nov. – Feb. Timber wood, fodder South Asia Evergreen Dhaukra Duthie (1903); Kanjilal (1933) 46 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. Apr. – Mar. Avenue tree, medicinal India Evergreen Arjun Bajpai et al. 263914 (LWG) 47 Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Mar. – Sep. Timber wood, tannin, medicinal India Deciduous Bahera Chaudhary et al. 250248 (LWG) 48 Terminalia catappa L. May – Oct. Timber wood, tannin, medicinal India Deciduous Jangli Badam Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 49 Terminalia chebula Retz. Apr. – Sep. Timber wood, tannin, medicinal India Deciduous Harad Srivastava (1976); Singh (1997); Saini (2005) 50 Terminalia elliptica Willd. May – Mar. Timber wood, medicinal India Deciduous Asna Bajpai and Chaudhary 264453 (LWG) 51 Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms May – Aug. Timber wood, medicinal North-East Asia Evergreen Chinese Langium Kanjilal (1933) 52 Alangium salvifolium (L. f.) Wang. Feb. – Aug. Medicinal India Deciduous Akohar Kumar and Bajpai 250606, 250779 & 252197 (LWG) Cornaceae Dilleniaceae 53 Dillenia aurea Sm. Mar. – Jul. Medicinal South-East Asia Deciduous Aggai Duthie (1903); Kanjilal (1933) 54 Dillenia indica L. May – Feb. Local timber & ire wood, medicinal South-East Asia Evergreen Karambel Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 55 Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Mar. – May Medicinal Tropical Asia Deciduous Karmal Kumar and Bajpai 252271 (LWG) Mar. – Jun. Quality timber wood, tannin, resin, medicinal India Semi-deciduous Sakhu Bajpai et al. 263736 & 263737 (LWG) Dipterocarpaceae 56 Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. Ebenaceae 57 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Apr. – Oct. Timber wood, bidi making India Semi-deciduous Tendu Kumar and Bajpai 252247 (LWG) 58 Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. Apr. – Jan. Furniture wood, tannin, medicinal India Semi-deciduous Gaub Duthie (1903); Srivastava (1976) 59 Diospyros montana Roxb. Mar. – Sep. Medicinal India Deciduous Bistendu Bajpai and Chaudhary 264445 & 264475 (LWG) Euphorbiaceae 60 Bischoia javanica Bl. Mar. – Dec. Timber wood, tannin, medicinal North-East Asia Deciduous Kein Srivastava (1976); Singh (1997) 61 Croton laevigatus Vahl. Jan. – Apr. Medicinal Tropical Asia Deciduous Arjunna Chaudhary et al. 250237 (LWG) 62 Falconeria insignis Royle Feb. – Dec. Poisonous Indian Subcontinent Deciduous Shirwa Duthie (1903); Kanjilal (1933) 63 Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle Mar. – Aug. Medicinal Tropical Africa Deciduous Pula Kumar et al. 263635 (LWG) 64 Glochidion daltonii (Mull. Arg.) Kurz Sep. – Dec. Medicinal South-East Asia Evergreen ---- Panigrahi and Mishra 6526 (BSA) 65 Glochidion ellipticum Wight Mar. – Dec. Medicinal India Evergreen Bhoma Kanjilal (1933); Singh (1997) 66 Glochidion heyneanum (Wight & Arn.) Wight Feb. – Oct. Medicinal India Evergreen Kalikath Kanjilal (1933) 67 Glochidion lanceolarium (Roxb.) Voigt Mar. – Dec. Medicinal Indian Subcontinent Evergreen Largeleaf Glochidion Kanjilal (1933); Singh (1997) 68 Glochidion multiloculare (Rottler ex. Willd.) Voigt Mar. – Dec. Medicinal Indian Subcontinent Evergreen Keura Kanjilal (1933); Singh (1997) continued Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 5 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718 Bajpai et al. | Trees of Himalayan Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh Table 1. Continued. Sp. No. Botanical Name Phenology Economic Importance Native Origin Vegetation Type Vernacular Name Collection No./Reference 69 Jatropha curcas L. Apr. – Jan. Hedge tree, seeds for bio diesel, medicinal Tropical America Deciduous Ratanjot Maliya 225955 & 225256 (LWG) 70 Mallotus nudilorus (L.) Kulju & Welzen Feb. – Oct. Timber wood, fodder, medicinal South-East Asia Deciduous Gutel Bajpai et al. 263711 (LWG) 71 Mallotus philippensis (Lamk.) Muell.-Arg. Most part of Timber wood, tannin, fodder, medicinal the year South-East Asia Semi-evergreen Rohini Chaudhary et al. 250244 (LWG) 72 Mallotus polycarpus (Benth.) Kulju & Welzen Most part of Timber wood the year India Deciduous Bahlol Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 73 Ricinus communis L. Dec. – May Highly medicinal Tropical Africa Evergreen Arand Chaudhary et al. 252844 (LWG) 74 Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Jun. – Dec. Medicinal, ornamental China Deciduous Pahari Shisham Duthie (1915); Kanjilal (1933) Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae) 75 Bauhinia acuminata L. Jul. – Dec. Ornamental, medicinal South-East Asia Deciduous Safed Kachnar Bajpai and Chaudhary 264466 (LWG) 76 Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. Aug. – Mar. Ornamental, medicinal India Deciduous Amlosa Kumar and Bajpai 252138, 252187 (LWG) Bajpai et al. 264429 (LWG) 77 Bauhinia purpurea L. Sep. – Apr. Ornamental, medicinal India Deciduous Kachnar 78 Bauhinia racemosa Lamk. Mar. – Dec. Medicinal, religious India Deciduous Katmauli Bajpai and Chaudhary 264464 (LWG) 79 Bauhinia roxburghiana Voigt. Sep. – Apr. Ornamental tree India Deciduous Chakera Panigrahi et al. (1969); Saini (2005) 80 Bauhinia tomentosa L. Jul. – Feb. Medicinal, ornamental Tropical Africa Deciduous Gurial Bajpai 264408 (LWG) 81 Bauhinia variegata L. Feb. – May Ornamental, fodder, tannin, medicinal India Deciduous Kachnar Chaudhary et al 263961 (LWG) 82 Brownea hybrida Hort. ex Backer Jan. – May Ornamental Java Evergreen Rose of Venezuela Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 83 Cassia istula L. Mar. – Dec. Ornamental & avenue tree, medicinal India Deciduous Amaltas Chaudhary et al. 250238 (LWG) 84 Cassia javanica L. ssp. nodosa (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) K. Larsen & S.S. Larsen May – Jan. Ornamental & avenue tree Java Deciduous Java Rani Chaudhary et al. 263915 (LWG) 85 Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf. Apr. – Mar. Ornamental & avenue tree, ire wood Madagascar Deciduous Gulmuhur Chaudhary et al. 263960 (LWG) 86 Parkinsonia aculeata L. Oct. – May Ornamental & hedge tree Tropical America Deciduous Vilayati Kikar Kumar and Bajpai 250678 (LWG) 87 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker ex K. Heyne Mar. – Nov. Ornamental & avenue tree South-East Asia Deciduous Peela Gulmohar Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 88 Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde Feb. – Aug. Medicinal, ornamental India Evergreen Sita Ashok Saini (2005) 89 Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. Nov. – Mar. Medicinal, ornamental India Evergreen Tarwa Duthie (1903); Srivastava (1976) 90 Senna siamea (Lamk.) Irwin & Barneby Jul. – Feb. Ornamental, fodder, ire & timber wood Indian Subcontinent Evergreen Kassod Maliya 224679 (LWG) 91 Tamarindus indica L. May – Apr. Fruits edible, avenue tree, ire & timber wood, medicinal Tropical Africa Evergreen Imli Kumar et al. 263638 (LWG) Fabaceae (Faboideae) 92 Butea monosperma (Lamk.) Taub. Mar. – Jun. Dye, tannin, timber wood, medicinal India Deciduous Dhak Bajpai et al. 263704 (LWG) 93 Dalbergia lanceolaria L. f. Apr. – Oct. Ornamental, fodder, timber, medicinal India Deciduous Sirsa Chaudhary et al. 250236 (LWG) 94 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Apr. – Nov. Timber wood, medicinal India Deciduous Sitsal Duthie (1903); Kanjilal (1933); Saini (2005) 95 Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. Mar. – Nov. Timber wood, fodder, medicinal India Deciduous Shisham Bajpai et al. 263718 (LWG) 96 Desmodium oojeinense (Roxb.) H. Ohashi Mar. – Jul. Timber wood, medicinal India Deciduous Chajan Chaudhary et al. 250234 (LWG) 97 Erythrina arborescens Roxb. Jul. – Feb. Ornamental, local timber, medicinal India Deciduous Mandero Maliya 225936 (LWG) 98 Erythrina suberosa Roxb. Feb. – Jul. Ornamental, medicinal India Deciduous Dauldhak Saini (2005) 99 Erythrina variegata L. Mar. – Jun. Ornamental & avenue tree, fodder, medicinal India Deciduous Parijat Chaudhary et al. 263962 (LWG) 100 Millettia peguensis Ali Apr. – Sep. Ornamental & avenue tree, South-East Asia Deciduous Tum Srivastava (1976); Singh (1997); Saini (2005) 101 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Apr. – Jul. Avenue tree, bio diesel, medicinal India Deciduous Karanja Bajpai and Chaudhary 264477 (LWG) 102 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Sep. – Nov. Timber wood, medicinal India Deciduous Bijasal Duthie (1903); Kanjilal (1933); Singh (1997) 103 Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. Sep. – Jan. Fire wood, fodder, medicinal Egypt Deciduous Jait Srivastava (1976); Singh (1997) Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) 104 Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. Sep. – Mar. Avenue tree, fodder, ire & timber wood, tannin Australia Evergreen Akashia Bajpai 264406 (LWG) 105 Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd. Mar. – Jan. Kattha, timber wood, fodder, medicinal India Deciduous Khair Bajpai et al. 264425 & 263931 (LWG) continued Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 6 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718 Bajpai et al. | Trees of Himalayan Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh Table 1. Continued. Sp. No. Botanical Name Phenology Economic Importance Native Origin Vegetation Type Vernacular Name 106 Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Mar. – Dec. Tannin, fodder Tropical America Deciduous Guh Babul Srivastava (1976); Singh (1997); Saini (2005) 107 Acacia lenticularis Buch.-Ham. ex Benth. Apr. – Dec. Fire & timber wood, fodder, medicinal India Deciduous Khyn Kanjilal (1933) 108 Acacia modesta Wall. Mar. – Sep. Fire & timber wood, medicinal India Deciduous Pulahi Duthie (1903) 109 Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. ssp. indica (Benth.) Brenan Aug. – Apr. Hedge tree, ire & timber wood, fodder, medicinal India Deciduous Babul Bajpai et al. 263938 (LWG) 110 Adenanthera pavonina L. Mar. – Sep. Timber wood, seed in jewel- India lery, medicinal Deciduous Rakt Chandan Duthie (1903); Kanjilal (1933) 111 Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. Mar. – Dec. Ornamental & avenue tree, fodder South-East Asia Deciduous Siran Singh (1997); Saini (2005) 112 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Mar. – Jan. Ornamental & avenue tree, medicinal South-East Asia Deciduous Kala Siris Bajpai et al. 263726 (LWG) 113 Albizia lucidior (Steud.) Nielsen ex Hara Apr. – Jan. Ornamental & avenue tree India Deciduous Potka Siris Saini (2005) 114 Albizia odoratissima (L. f.) Benth. Mar. – Jan. Ornamental & avenue tree, fodder, medicinal India Semi-deciduous Sirisa Saini (2005) 115 Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. May – Feb. Ornamental & avenue tree, tannin, medicinal India Semi-deciduous Safed siris Maliya 225986 (LWG) 116 Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.) de Wit. Apr. – Nov. Avenue tree, fodder Mexico Evergreen Subabul Bajpai et al. 263721 (LWG) 117 Indopiptadenia oudhensis (Brandis) Brenan Apr. – May Timber & ire wood, fodder India Evergreen Gainti Bajpai and Chaudhary 264432; Bajpai et al. 263925, 263927, 263928, 263935 & 263936 (LWG) 118 Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Mar. – Sep. Timber wood, fodder, medicinal Mexico Evergreen Jangal Jalebi Chaudhary et al. 263907 (LWG) Collection No./Reference Lamiaceae 119 Callicarpa arborea Roxb. Mar. – Sep. Medicinal India Semi-evergreen Ghiwala Kanjilal (1933) 120 Clerodendrum phlomidis L. f. Jul. – Jan. Ornamental tree, medicinal India Evergreen Urui Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 121 Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. Feb. – Jul. Ornamental & avenue tree, timber wood, medicinal India Deciduous Gamari Bajpai 264411 (LWG) 122 Gmelina asiatica L. Most part of Ornamental & avenue tree, medicinal the year India Deciduous Badhara Srivastava (1976) 123 Premna barbata Wallich ex Schaeur Feb. – Jun. India Deciduous Basota Duthie (1911); Kanjilal (1933) 124 Premna mollissima Roth. Most part of Medicinal the year India Deciduous Bakar Srivastava (1976); Singh (1997); Saini (2005) 125 Tectona grandis L. f. Jun. – Dec. South-East Asia Deciduous Sagon Chaudhary et al. 250241 (LWG) 126 Vitex negundo L. Most part of Medicinal, ibre the year South-East Asia Deciduous Nirgundi Srivastava (1976); Singh (1997); Saini (2005) Medicinal, ire wood Quality timber wood Lauraceae 127 Beilschmiedia roxburghiana Nees Mar. – Aug. Timber wood India Evergreen Konhaia Duthie (1911); Kanjilal (1933) 128 Litsea chinensis Lamk. Apr. – Nov. Timber & ire wood, medicinal China Semi-evergreen Medha Duthie (1911) 129 Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) Rob. Apr. – Dec. Essential oils from seeds, medicinal India Evergreen Maidalabri Kumar and Bajpai 252787 (LWG) 130 Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. Mar. – Oct. Timber wood, fodder, medicinal India Evergreen Katmara Kumar et al. 263621 (LWG) 131 Machilus gamblei King ex Hook f. Mar. – Jun. Dye India Evergreen ---- Duthie (1911) 132 Phoebe lanceolata (Nees) Nees Feb. – Sep. Fire wood India Evergreen Haulia Kanjilal (1933) Lecythidaceae 133 Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. Mar. – Nov. Ornamental tree, medicinal South-East Asia Evergreen Paniha Kumar and Bajpai 250605; Chaudhary et al. 252164 (LWG) 134 Careya arborea Roxb. Mar. – Jul. Local timber wood, medicinal India Deciduous Kumbhi Kumar and Bajpai 252209 (LWG) Feb. – Jan. Medicinal India Evergreen Kuchla Chaudhary et al. 252889 (LWG) Loganiaceae 135 Strychnos nux-vomica L. Lythraceae 136 Lagerstroemia loribunda Jack. May – Oct. Ornamental tree South-East Asia Semi-evergreen ---- Srivastava (1976) 137 Lagerstroemia parvilora Roxb. Apr. – Nov. Ornamental tree, timber wood India Deciduous Sidha Bajpai and Chaudhary 264458 (LWG) 138 Lagerstroemia speciosa (L. ex Murray) Pers. May – Nov. Ornamental tree, timber & ire wood, medicinal India Deciduous Gulchaman Chaudhary et al. 252295 (LWG) 139 Punica granatum L. Apr. – Oct. Fruit edible, ornamental, medicinal Iran Deciduous Anar Bajpai et al. 263724 (LWG) 140 Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. Feb. – May Ornamental & hedge tree, medicinal India Deciduous Dhaunti Bajpai et al. 263702 (LWG) continued Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 7 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718 Bajpai et al. | Trees of Himalayan Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh Table 1. Continued. Sp. No. Botanical Name Phenology Economic Importance Native Origin Vegetation Type Vernacular Name Collection No./Reference Magnoliaceae 141 Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre Mar. – Aug. Ornamental tree, medicinal India Evergreen Champa Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 142 Magnolia grandilora L. May – Oct. Ornamental tree, medicinal North America Evergreen Him Champa Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) Malvaceae 143 Bombax ceiba L Jan. – May Silviculture, match industry, medicinal India Deciduous Semal Chaudhary et al. 252805 (LWG) 144 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Dec. – Apr. Ornamental & avenue tree, ibre, medicinal South America Deciduous Kopak Chaudhary et al. 250229 (LWG) 145 Eriolaena candollei Wall. Mar. – Oct. Local timber wood India Deciduous Aranj Duthie (1903); Kanjilal (1933) 146 Eriolaena wallichii DC. May – Aug. ---- India Deciduous Bhiguna Duthie (1903); Kanjilal (1933) 147 Firmiana colorata (Roxb.) R. Br. Feb. – Jun. Ornamental tree, medicinal, South-West India Deciduous fodder Samari Kanjilal (1933); Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 148 Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight Feb. – Oct. Ornamental, seeds edible, gum & resin, medicinal 149 Grewia abutilifolia Vent. ex Juss. 150 151 South-East Asia Deciduous Kulu Mishra 7995 (BSA) Most part of Medicinal the year India Semi-deciduous Dhaman Khanna 39907 (BSA) Grewia asiatica L. Apr. – Jul. Fruits edible, medicinal India Deciduous Phalsa Kumar and Bajpai 250662 (LWG) Grewia eriocarpa A. L. Juss. Feb. – Sep. Fodder Indian subcontinent Deciduous Dhaman Kanjilal (1933); Singh (1997); Saini (2005) 152 Grewia multilora Juss. Aug. – Jan. Fruits edible Tropical Asia Deciduous Bhansuli Kumar and Bajpai 252149 (LWG) 153 Grewia optiva Dumm. ex Burret. Apr. – Sep. Timber & ire wood, fruits edible, fodder Tropical Asia Deciduous Bhimal Maliya and Datt (2011) 154 Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. Apr. – Sep. Fruits edible, medicinal Tropical Asia Deciduous Kakai Bajpai and Chaudhary 264454 (LWG) 155 Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk. Feb. – Sep. Religious, tannin, medicinal Tropical America Deciduous Rudrakshi Saini (2005) 156 Helicteres isora L. Jun. – Dec. Medicinal Tropical Asia Deciduous Maror Phali Maliya 214860 (LWG) 157 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Most part of Ornamental tree, medicinal the year East Asia Evergreen Gurhal Bajpai et al. 263723 (LWG) 158 Kavalama urens (Roxb.) Raf. Jan. – Apr. Gum production, timber, medicinal India Deciduous Kulu Panigrahi et al. (1969); Maliya and Datt (2010) 159 Kydia calycina Roxb. Jul. – May Medicinal, Fibre India Deciduous Bharanga Bajpai et al. 264433 (LWG) 160 Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd. Feb. – Jul. Ornamental, timber wood, medicinal Indian Subcontinent Evergreen Kanak Campa Bajpai et al. 263703 (LWG) 161 Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R. Br. Mar. – Dec. Seeds edible India Deciduous Tula Saini (2005) 162 Sterculia foetida L. Feb. – Aug. Ornamental, seeds edible, ibre, gum, medicinal South-East Asia Deciduous Jangali Badam Saini (2005) 163 Sterculia villosa Roxb. Feb. – Oct. Ornamental, seeds edible, medicinal India Deciduous Udar Chaudhary et al. 252898; Kumar and Bajpai 252181 & 252224 (LWG) 164 Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex Correa Aug. – Jan. Ornamental, medicinal India Evergreen Paras Pipal Kanjilal (1933); Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) Meliaceae 165 Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R. Parker Aug. – Dec. Ornamental, timber wood, medicinal India Evergreen Sohaga Duthie (1903); Saini (2005) 166 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Mar. – Jul. Medicinal, avenue, timber wood India Semi-deciduous Neem Bajpai et al. 263926 (LWG) 167 Heynea trijuga Roxb. ex Sims Feb. – Oct. Ornamental, medicinal India Semi-deciduous Gundira Kumar and Bajpai 252248 & 252250 (LWG) 168 Melia azedarach L. Mar. – Jun. Timber wood, fodder, medicinal India Semi-deciduous Bakain Bajpai et al. 263707 (LWG) 169 Toona ciliata M. Roem. Mar. – Jul. Timber wood, tannin, medicinal India Semi-deciduous Maha nim Bajpai et al. 263701 (LWG) Moraceae 170 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk. Feb. – Sep. Vegetable fruits, timber wood, medicinal South-East Asia Evergreen Kathal Chaudhary et al. 252244; Kumar et al. 263619 (LWG) 171 Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. Mar. – Aug. Fruits edible, timber wood, fodder, medicinal India Semi-evergreen Barhar Chaudhary et al. 263916 (LWG) 172 Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. Mar. – Sep. ex Vent. Fruits edible, fodder, ibre & paper Japan Deciduous Jangali Toot Chaudhary et al. 252872 & 252874 (LWG) 173 Ficus auriculata Lour. Apr. – Nov. Fodder, igs edible South-East Asia Evergreen Timal Chaudhary et al. 263959 (LWG) 174 Ficus benghalensis L. Apr. – Jun. Religious, avenue, fodder, medicinal India Evergreen Bargad Bajpai and Chaudhary 264444 (LWG) 175 Ficus benjamina L. Oct. – Jan. Ornamental, avenue & hedge tree South-East Asia Evergreen Pukar Kanjilal (1933) 176 Ficus carica L. Jan. – Oct. Figs edible South Asia Deciduous Anjir Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 177 Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. Mar. – Apr. (Not seen) Ornamental, rubber production India Evergreen Rubar Chaudhary et al. 250246 (LWG) 178 Ficus hispida L. f. Apr. – Nov. Figs edible, fodder India Evergreen Kathgular Chaudhary et al. 250250 (LWG) 179 Ficus microcarpa L. f. Aug. – Feb. Ornamental & avenue tree India Evergreen Kamrup Panigrahi et al. (1969) continued Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 8 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718 Bajpai et al. | Trees of Himalayan Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh Table 1. Continued. Botanical Name Phenology Economic Importance Native Origin Vegetation Type Vernacular Name Collection No./Reference 180 Ficus palmata Forssk. ssp. virgata (Roxb.) Browicz Jun. – Oct. Figs edible, fodder, medicinal South Asia Deciduous Khemri Bajpai and Chaudhary 264441 (LWG) 181 Ficus racemosa L. Mar. – Nov. Figs edible, fodder, medicinal South-East Asia Semi-deciduous Goolar Chaudhary et al. 250232 (LWG) 182 Ficus religiosa L. Apr. – Sep. Religious, avenue, fodder, medicinal India Deciduous Pipal Chaudhary et al. 252107 & 252807; Kumar et al. 263627 (LWG) 183 Ficus retusa L. var. nitida (Thunb.) Miq. Most part of Ornamental, avenue, medicinal the year India Evergreen Inger Chaudhary et al. 250257; Kumar and Bajpai 252104; Kumar et al. 263609 (LWG) 184 Ficus rumphii Blume Apr. – Dec. Avenue, fodder, medicinal South-East Asia Deciduous Gajhar Bajpai and Chaudhary 263923 (LWG) 185 Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex J. E. Sm. May – Oct. Figs edible, fodder, medicinal India Deciduous Khurhur Bajpai et al. 263714 & 263715 (LWG) 186 Ficus squamosa Roxb. Most part of Fodder the year India Evergreen ---- Kumar and Bajpai 250700 (LWG) 187 Ficus virens Ait. Jul. – Oct. Avenue India Semi-deciduous Pakar Bajpai and Chaudhary 264450 (LWG) 188 Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner Apr. – Jul. Fruits edible South-East Asia Semi-deciduous Damru Kanjilal (1933) 189 Morus alba L. Feb. – Jun. Fruits edible, medicinal China Semi-deciduous Shahtut Bajpai et al. 263728 (LWG) 190 Streblus asper Lour. Feb. – Jul. Firewood, medicinal India Evergreen Sihor Bajpai et al. 263731 (LWG) Sp. No. Moringaceae 191 Moringa concanensis Nimmo ex Dalz. & Gibb. Nov. – Feb. Medicinal, irewood India Deciduous Jangali Sehjana Saini (2005) 192 Moringa oleifera Lamk. Feb. – Jul. Fruits edible, medicinal, irewood India Deciduous Sahjan Chaudhary et al. 252193; Kumar et al. 263603 (LWG) Mar. – Jun. Ornamental & avenue tree Australia Evergreen Bottle Brush Chaudhary et al. 252292 & 252876 (LWG) Myrtaceae 193 Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels 195 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh Mar. – Sep. Timber wood, avenue tree Australia Deciduous Red Gum Saini (2005) 196 Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Feb. – Oct. Quality Timber Australia Deciduous Blue Gum Maliya 214821 (LWG) 197 Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L. Feb. – May Ornamental & avenue tree Australia Semi-evergreen Shitanshu Srivastava (1976) 198 Psidium guajava L. Apr. – Dec. Fruits edible, fodder, ire & timber, medicinal Mexico Deciduous Amrood Bajpai et al. 263734 (LWG) 199 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Mar. – Aug. Avenue tree, fruits edible, fodder, ire & timber wood, medicinal India Evergreen Jamun Chaudhary et al. 250240 (LWG) 200 Syzygium nervosum A. Cunn. ex DC. Apr. – Aug. Fruits edible, timber wood Australia Evergreen Madar Jamua Bajpai and Kumar 252275 (LWG) 201 Syzygium salicifolium (Wight) J.Graham Mar. – Aug. Fruits edible, timber wood India Evergreen Kathjamun Chaudhary et al. 263946 (LWG) May – Jun. Fire wood Sri Lanka Semi-evergreen Mella Saini (2005) Olacaceae 202 Olax zeylanica L. Oleaceae 203 Chionanthus ramilorus Roxb. Mar. – Aug. Fire wood India Evergreen Olive Kanjilal (1933) 204 Jasminum brevipetiolatum Duthie Apr. – Jun. Ornamental India Evergreen ---- Duthie (1903); Singh (1997) 205 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Sep. – Mar. Ornamental, medicinal India Evergreen Harsingar Bajpai et al. 264424 (LWG) Jun. – Oct. Fruits edible, medicinal South-East Asia Semi-evergreen Kamrakh Bajpai and Kumar 252281 (LWG) Oxalidaceae 206 Averrhoa carambola L. Phyllanthaceae 207 Antidesma acidum Retz. May – Dec. Timber wood, fodder, medicinal India Deciduous Khotura Singh (1997) 208 Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng Mar. – Aug. Fruits edible, medicinal South-East Asia Deciduous Mala Kanjilal (1933) 209 Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn. Jun. – Dec. Fruits edible, medicinal South-East Asia Deciduous Janjharli Maliya 225983 (LWG) 210 Aporosa octandra (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Vickery Most part of the year ---- South-East Asia Semi-evergreen ---- Kanjilal (1933) 211 Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm.f.) C.E. Fischer Apr. – Nov. Medicinal India Evergreen Oudh Panigrahi and Mishra 6533 (BSA) Bajpai et al. 264428 (LWG) 212 Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. May – Dec. Medicinal India Evergreen Khaja 213 Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels Feb. – Jun. Fruits edible, tannin, medicinal Brazil Deciduous Harphareuri Srivastava (1976) 214 Phyllanthus emblica L. Feb. – Dec. Fruits edible, medicinal India Deciduous Anwala Bajpai et al. 263706 (LWG) Jun. – Dec. Medicinal India Evergreen Baghmuta Maliya and Datt (2010) Mar. – Jan. Medicinal India Evergreen Mujrawa Srivastava (1976); Singh (1997); Saini (2005) Mar. – Sep. Ornamental & avenue tree, timber wood Australia Evergreen Silver oak Srivastava (1976); Singh (1997) Pittosporaceae 215 Pittosporum napaulense (DC.) Rehder & Wilson Primulaceae 216 Ardisia solanacea (Poir.) Roxb. Proteaceae 217 Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br. continued Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 9 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718 Bajpai et al. | Trees of Himalayan Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh Table 1. Continued. Sp. No. Botanical Name Native Origin Vegetation Type Vernacular Name Collection No./Reference Most part of Ornamental & avenue tree, fodder, medicinal the year India Evergreen Patju Bajpai et al. 263720 (LWG) Phenology Economic Importance Putranjivaceae 218 Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Rhamnaceae 219 Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. Sep. – Mar. Fruits edible, fodder, ire wood, tannin, medicinal India Evergreen Ber Bajpai and Chaudhary 264467 (LWG) 220 Ziziphus rugosa Lamk. Feb. – Jul. Fruits edible India Evergreen Dhaura Chaudhary et al. 263964 (LWG) 221 Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Apr. – Jul. Fruits edible, medicinal India Evergreen Kathber Bajpai and Chaudhary 264459 (LWG) Dec. – May Medicinal India Evergreen Kierpa Duthie (1903) Rhizophoraceae 222 Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. Rosaceae 223 Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Nov. – Jun. Fruits edible, fodder, ire wood, medicinal China Evergreen Laukat Duthie (1903); Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 224 Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Feb. – Jun. Fruits edible China Deciduous Aru Bajpai et al. 263722 (LWG) Rubiaceae 225 Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng. Mar. – Dec. Firewood, medicinal India Evergreen Mainphal Bajpai and Chaudhary 264451 (LWG) 226 Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng. Mar. – Nov. Medicinal, fodder India Deciduous Gudgudi Kumar and Bajpai 250667 & 252153; Chaudhary 250766 (LWG) 227 Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Jun. – Mar. Timber wood, medicinal India Deciduous Haldu Chaudhary et al. 263912 (LWG) 228 Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabberley May – Jan. Timber & ire wood, medicinal India Deciduous Bhurkul Bajpai 264407 (LWG) 229 Hyptianthera stricta (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Feb. – Jun. Fodder India Evergreen ---- Srivastava (1976); Singh (1997); Saini (2005) 230 Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Mar. – Dec. Timber wood, medicinal India Deciduous Kaim Bajpai and Chaudhary 264446 (LWG) 231 Morinda citrifolia L. Jul. – Nov. Ornamental, fruit edible, medicinal South-East Asia Evergreen Bartundi Chaudhary et al. 252626 (LWG) 232 Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser May – Dec. Ornamental & avenue tree, timber wood, fodder, medicinal India Deciduous Kadanb Bajpai et al. 263725 (LWG) 233 Tamilnadia uliginosa (Retz.) Tirveng. & Sastre Apr. – Dec. Ornamental, medicinal India Semi-deciduous Pedar Singh et al. 5989 (LWG) 234 Wendlandia heynei (Schult.) Santapau & Merch. Mar. – Aug. Ornamental tree India Deciduous Barsal Maliya 218581 (LWG) 235 Wendlandia tinctoria (Roxb.) DC. Mar. – Aug. Root bark as dye India Deciduous Tilka Duthie (1903); Kanjilal (1933) Rutaceae 236 Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Mar. – Jul. Fruits edible, medicinal, religious, gum & resin India Semi-evergreen Bel Bajpai 264403 (LWG) 237 Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle Apr. – Jan. Fruits edible, medicinal Tropical Asia Evergreen Kaghzi nimbu Maliya 225912 (LWG) 238 Citrus medica L. Apr. – Jan. Fruits edible, medicinal India Evergreen Bara Nibu Chaudhary et al. 252856 & 252857 (LWG) 239 Limonia acidissima L. Feb. – Dec. Fruits edible, medicinal, gum India Deciduous Kaitha Singh (1997) 240 Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Feb. – Oct. Medicinal, leaf as spices India Semi-evergreen Kathnim Bajpai et al. 263712 (LWG) Jan. – May Timber wood India Evergreen ---- Duthie (1903) Sabiaceae 241 Meliosma simplicifolia (Roxb.) Walp. Salicaceae 242 Casearia graveolens Dalz. Feb. – Aug. Medicinal India Deciduous Chilla Bajpai and Chaudhary 264443 (LWG) 243 Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Feb. – Jun. Firewood, fruit edible, dye & India tannin, medicinal Deciduous Katia Panigrahi 2879 (BSA) 244 Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch. Mar. – Oct. Timber wood, medicinal Deciduous Talispatri Srivastava (1976); Singh (1997); Saini (2005) India 245 Guidonia tomentosa (Roxb.) Kurz Feb. – Aug. Firewood, fodder, medicinal India Deciduous Chilla Maliya 214853 (LWG) 246 Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Mar. – Jul. Avenue tree, timber wood North America Deciduous Popular Bajpai and Chaudhary 264496 (LWG) 247 Salix denticulata Anders. Mar. – Jul. Timber & ire wood, ibre India Semi-evergreen Bashal Maliya 226648 & 226646 (LWG) 248 Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Jan. – Jul. Timber & irewood wood, medicinal India Deciduous Bod Panigrahi and Mishra 6541 (BSA) 249 Xylosma longifolia Clos. Oct. – Apr. Hedge tree, medicinal India Evergreen Kantawa Singh (1997); Saini (2005) Mar. – Sep. Sandalwood, medicinal India Evergreen Chandan Chaudhary et al. 250247 (LWG) Mar. – Sep. Fruits edible North-East India & China Evergreen Lichi Kanjilal (1933) Santalaceae 250 Santalum album L. Sapindaceae 251 Dimocarpus longan Lour. continued Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 10 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718 Bajpai et al. | Trees of Himalayan Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh Table 1. Continued. Sp. No. Botanical Name Phenology Economic Importance Native Origin Vegetation Type Vernacular Name Collection No./Reference 252 Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Jan. – May Hedge tree Tropical Asia Evergreen Vilayati Mehndi Srivastava (1976); Singh (1997); Saini (2005) 253 Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh. Apr. – Jul. Fruits edible, timber & ire wood, medicinal India Evergreen Anga-banga Kumar and Bajpai 252296 & 252257 (LWG) 254 Sapindus trifoliatus L. Nov. – May Seeds as soap, timber wood, medicinal India Deciduous Ritha Kanjilal (1933); Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 255 Sapindus saponaria L. May – Feb. Timber wood, seeds as soap, medicinal Mexico Deciduous Rithi Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 256 Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr. Mar. – Nov. Avenue tree, timber & ire wood, seed oil in biofuel, medicinal India Deciduous Kusum Kumar and Bajpai 250609 & 252207; Kumar et al. 263634 (LWG) Sapotaceae 257 Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) Lam. Nov. – Aug. Timber & ire wood, fodder, seed oil as vegetable oil India Evergreen Cheuli Duthie (1903); Kanjilal (1933) 258 Madhuca longifolia (L.) Macbr. var. latifolia (Roxb.) Chev. Feb. – Jul. Timber wood, petals edible, seed for vegetable oil, medicinal India Deciduous Mahua Maliya 224978 (LWG) 259 Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dub. Sep. – Feb. Fruits edible, timber wood, medicinal India Evergreen Khirni Panigrahi 2880 (BSA) 260 Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen Dec. – Oct. Ornamental, fruits edible, resin, medicinal Tropical America Evergreen Chiku Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 261 Mimusops elengi L. Jan. – Aug. Timber wood, fruits edible, medicinal India Evergreen Maulsari Kanjilal (1933); Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) Feb. – Jun. Low grade timber, medicinal, gum & resin India Deciduous Mahanim Bajpai et al. 264431 (LWG) Simaroubaceae 262 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Solanaceae 263 Solanum donianum Walp. Most part of Medicinal the year Tropical America Evergreen ---- Kumar and Bajpai 252179 (LWG) 264 Solanum erianthum D. Don Most part of Medicinal the year Tropical America Evergreen Ban Bhanta Panigrahi et al. (1969); Saini (2005); Maliya and Datt (2010) Dec. – Jun. Medicinal India Evergreen Lodh Duthie (1903); Kanjilal (1933) Symplocaceae 265 Symplocos racemosa Roxb. Tamaricaceae 266 Tamarix dioica Roxb. ex Roth Jul. – Nov. Medicinal India Evergreen Lal Jhau Panigrahi et al. (1969); Singh (1997); Saini (2005) 267 Tamarix gallica L. var. indica (Willd.) Ehrenb. Jul. – May Ornamental tree, medicinal India Evergreen Jhau Panigrahi et al. (1969) Ulmaceae 268 Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Feb. – Jul. Timber & ire wood, fodder, medicinal, seeds edible India Deciduous Chilbil Bajpai et al. 263727 (LWG) 269 Trema orientalis (L.) Bl. Feb. – Jul. Charcoal, ibre from bark, medicinal Tropical Asia Deciduous Andia Kanjilal (1933); Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) Jul. – Feb. Charcoal, ibre from bark, medicinal India Evergreen Tushiari Kanjilal (1933); Singh (1997) Jul. – Jan. Ornamental Tropical America Evergreen Neel Kanta Singh (1997); Saini (2005) Urticaceae 270 Debregeasia longifolia (Burm. f.) Wedd. Verbenaceae 271 Duranta erecta L. MONOCOTYLEDONS Arecaceae 272 Borassus labellifer L. Mar. – Aug. Ornamental, fruits (endosperm) edible India Evergreen Tad Kanjilal (1933); Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 273 Caryota urens L. Mar. – Jun. Ornamental, leaves for ibre India Evergreen Ramgoh Mishra 7995 (BSA) 274 Cocos nucifera L. Feb. – Oct. Fruits (endosperm) edible, ibres from fruit pericarp India Evergreen Nariyal Srivastava (1976) 275 Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R. Br. Feb. – Oct. Ornamental, leaves for ibre & handicraft China Evergreen China Palm Srivastava (1976) 276 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Mar. – Dec. Ornamental, fruits edible, leaves for handicraft India Evergreen Khajur Kanjilal (1933); Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) 277 Roystonea regia (Kunth) Cook Feb. – Dec. Ornamental Cuba Evergreen Vakka Srivastava (1976) Mar. – Aug. Perfume & aromatic oil India Evergreen Kewra Srivastava (1976); Saini (2005) Pandanaceae 278 Pandanus odorifer (Forssk.) Kuntze Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 11 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718 Bajpai et al. | Trees of Himalayan Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh Table 2. Conservation status of the tree species as per IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, NT = Near Threatened, LC = Least Concern and DD = Data Deicient). Sp. No. Botanical Name Families IUCN status 1 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Apocynaceae LC 2 Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don Bignoniaceae VU 3 Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari Burseraceae DD 4 Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. Dipterocarpaceae LC 5 Bauhinia acuminata L. Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae) LC 6 Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf. Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae) VU 7 Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae) VU 8 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Fabaceae (Faboideae) VU 9 Erythrina variegata L. Fabaceae (Faboideae) LC 10 Millettia peguensis Ali Fabaceae (Faboideae) DD 11 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Fabaceae (Faboideae) LC 12 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Fabaceae (Faboideae) VU 13 Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) LC 14 Punica granatum L. Lythraceae LC 15 Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. Lythraceae LC 16 Eriolaena wallichii DC. Malvaceae VU 17 Ficus carica L. Moraceae LC 18 Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner Moraceae LC 19 Chionanthus ramilorus Roxb. Oleaceae DD 20 Jasminum brevipetiolatum Duthie Oleaceae EN 21 Santalum album L. Santalaceae VU 22 Dimocarpus longan Lour. Sapindaceae NT 23 Borassus labellifer L. Arecaceae EN 24 Pandanus odorifer (Forssk.) Kuntze Pandanaceae LC Figure 4. Number of species of diferent native areas. Figure 5. Number of species used for diferent purposes. are used for timber, ornamental (86), edible (63), avenue (41), irewood (39), tannin (17), ibre (15), gum and resin (11) and seven species for dye production (Figure 5). In addition, six tree species namely Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand., Bauhinia racemosa Lamk., Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk., Ficus benghalensis L., Ficus religiosa L. and Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa have also been found of religious faith. he phenological assessment discloses that the maximum species lowers in the spring (ca. 80 species) followed by 74 in summer, 73 in winter and 30 in rainy season (Figure 6). On an average about 21.8±8.2 tree species have been observed in fruiting throughout the year which itswell for wildlife as well as forest ecosystem. About 9% trees belong to various threat categories under IUCN Red List of hreatened Species (IUCN 2013), among them two are Endangered, seven are Vulnerable, one is Near hreatened, 11 are Least Concern, and three are Data Deicient (Table 2). Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl DISCUSSION he extensive survey of the study area reveals that the Shorea robusta Gaertn. f., Mallotus spp., Terminalia spp., Tectona grandis L. f., Syzygium spp., Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale, Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth., Ficus spp., etc. are dominant species in the forest area. In addition, Ehretia laevis Roxb., Lagerstroemia parvilora Roxb., Diospyros spp., Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr., Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss., Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabberley, Madhuca longifolia (L.) Macbr. var. latifolia (Roxb.) Chev., Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa, Cassia 12 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718 Bajpai et al. | Trees of Himalayan Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh for their hospitality and assistance provided during the ield work. LITERATURE CITED Anonymous, 2008. State of forest report 2005. Dehradun: Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests. 171 pp. Bajpai, O., A. Kumar, A.K. Mishra, N. Sahu, S.K. Behera and L.B. Chaudhary. 2012a. Phenological study of two dominant tree species in tropical moist deciduous forest from the Northern India. International Journal of Botany 8(2): 66–72. doi: 10.3923/ ijb.2012.66.72 Bajpai, O., A. Kumar, A.K. Mishra, N. Sahu, J. Pandey, S.K. Behera and L.B. Chaudhary. 2012b. Recongregation of tree species of Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 2(12): 24–40. http://www.innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/file/JBESV2No12-p24-40.pdf Bajpai, O., A.K. Srivastava, A.K. Kushwaha and L.B. Chaudhary. 2014. Taxonomy of a monotypic genus Indopiptadenia (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 164(2): 61–78. 10.11646/ phytotaxa.164.2.1 Bajpai, O., A.K. Kushwaha, A.K. Srivastava, J. Pandey and L.B. Chaudhary. 2015. Phytosociological status of a monotypic genus Indopiptadenia: a Near hreatened tree from the Terai-Bhabar region of central Himalaya. Research Journal of Forestry. doi: 10.3923/rjf.2015.35.47 Behera, S.K., A.K. Mishra, N. Sahu, A. Kumar, N. Singh, A. Kumar, O. Bajpai, L.B. Chaudhary, P.B. Khare and R. Tuli. 2012. he study of microclimate in response to diferent plant community association in tropical moist deciduous forest from northern India. Biodiversity and Conservation 21(5): 1159–1176. doi: 10.1007/s10531-012-0230-5 Brandis, D. 1906. Indian Trees. London: Archibald Constable & Co. Ltd. 767 pp. Champion, H.G. and S.K. Seth. 1968. A revised survey of the forest types of India. New Delhi: Publication Division, Government of India. 404 pp. Chaudhary, L.B., A. Kumar, A.K. Mishra, N. Sahu, J. Pandey, S.K. Behera, and O. Bajpai. 2014. Tree resources of Katerniaghat wildlife sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh, India with especial emphasis on conservation status, phenology and economic values. International Journal of Environment 3(1): 122–133. http://www. nepjol.info/index.php/IJE/article/view/9949 Chauhan, D.S., B. Singh, S. Chauhan, C.S. Dhanai and N.P. Todaria. 2010. Regeneration and plant diversity of natural and planted Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. F.) forests in the Terai-Bhabhar of Sohagibarwa Wildlife Sanctuary, India. Journal of American Science 6(3): 32–45. De R. 2001. Management plan of Dudwa Tiger Reserve (2000–2001 to 2009–2010). Uttar Pradesh: Wildlife Preservation Organization, Forest Department, Uttar Pradesh, India. 407 pp. Duthie, J.F. 1903. Flora of Upper Gangetic Plains and of the adjacent Siwalik and Sub-Himalayan Tracts. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India. 500 + v pp. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.10981 IUCN. 2013. IUCN Red List of threatened species. Version 10.1. Accessed at http://www.iucnredlist.org/, 29 January 2014. Jain, S.K. and R.R. Rao. 1977. A handbook of ield and herbarium methods. New Delhi: Today & Tomorrow’s Printers & Publishers. 107 pp. Jha, S.N. 2007. Uttar Pradesh: he land and the people. New Delhi: National Book Trust. 216 pp. http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/ arvindgupta/nbt-uttar-pradesh.pdf Rodgers, W.A., H.S. Panwar and V.B. Mathur 2002. Wildlife protected networks in India: a review: executive summary. Dehra Dun, India: Wildlife Institute of India. 44 pp. Figure 6. Number of lowering species in diferent seasons. istula L., Bauhinia spp., Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinclair, Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Almeida, Bombax ceiba L., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. Mabberley, Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn., etc. are the relatively abundant species (Figure 7). he grasslands located in the core zone of major forests, are represented by only a few tree species such as Bombax ceiba L., Grewia tiliifolia Vahl, Sterculia villosa Roxb. ex Sm., Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng., Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabberley etc. he forest vegetation of the study area can be divisible into upper, middle, lower strata and ground vegetation. he upper stratum constitutes the canopy of large and huge trees like Shorea robusta Gaertn. f., Tectona grandis L. f., Terminalia elliptica Willd., Madhuca longifolia (L.) Macbr. var. latifolia (Roxb.) Chev., Ficus benghalensis L., Ficus racemosa L., Bombax ceiba L., Sterculia villosa Roxb. ex Sm., Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. etc. he midddle stratum is represented by Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabberley, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Ehretia laevis Roxb., Lagerstroemia parvilora Roxb., Diospyros exculpta Buch.-Ham., Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg., M. nudilorus (L.) Kulju & Welzen, Ficus hispida L. f., Streblus asper Lour. etc. he lower and ground strata consist of shrubby and herbaceous plants. he present work reveals that the study area endures a good number of tree species. However, more than 8% trees fall under diferent categories of IUCN red list encountering several natural as well as anthropogenic threats (Bajpai et al. 2015). hus a proper management plan is highly required for their conservation and sustainable utilisation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS he Director, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India is highly acknowledged for providing facilities. he authors are also thankful to DST, Govt. of India, New Delhi for the inancial support. he thanks are also due to the in-charge of herbaria mentioned in the work for granting permission for herbarium consultation. he PCCF (Wildlife), Uttar Pradesh and forest ield stafs are also acknowledged Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 13 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718 Bajpai et al. | Trees of Himalayan Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh Journal of Environment 2(1): 153–163. doi: 10.3126/ije.v2i1.9218 Mishra, K.N. and M. Pal. 2010. Tree wealth of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Plant Archives 10(2): 833–836. http://www.cabi.org/ISC/ FullTextPDF/2012/20123401919.pdf Panigrahi, G., A.N. Singh and O.P. Misra. 1969. Contribution to the botany of the Tarai forests of the Bahraich district of Uttar Pradesh. Bulletin of Botanical Survey of India 11(1/2): 89–114. Rodgers W.A. and H.S. Panwar. 1988. Planning a Protected Area Network in India. Dehradun: Vol I and II. he Report Wildlife Institute of India. 606 pp. Saini, D.C. 2005. Flora of Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh—I, II, III, IV, V, VI. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 29(3/4): 528–920. Shukla, R.P. 2009. Patterns of plant species diversity across Terai landscape in north-eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Tropical Ecology 50(1): 111–123. http://tropecol.com/pdf/open/PDF_50_1 /12Shukla.pdf Singh, K.K. 1997. Flora of Dudhwa National Park. Deheradun: Bishen Singh Mahendra pal Singh. 516 pp. Srivastava, T.N. 1976. Flora gorakhpurensis. New Delhi: Today & Tomorrow’s Printer & Publisher. 411+XL pp. Tripathi A.M., A. Tyagi, A. Kumar, A. Singh, S. Singh, L.B. Chaudhary and S. Roy. 2013. he internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and trhhH-psbA are suitable candidate loci for DNA barcoding of tropical tree species of India. PLOS ONE 8(2): e57934. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057934 Kanjilal, P.C. 1933. Forest lora of Pilibhit, Oudh, Gorakhpur and Bundelkhand. Allahabad, India: Narendra Publishing House. 427 pp. Kishor, K., A.M. Tripathi, S. Roy, and L. B. Chaudhary. 2011. Assessment and preservation of tree diversity of Uttar Pradesh, India; pp. 68–75, in: P. Singh et al. (eds.). Forest biodiversity: Earth’s living treasure. Lucknow: U. P. State Biodiversity Board. http://www.upsbdb.org/pdf/Souvenir2011/9.pdf Kumar, A., O. Bajpai, A.K. Mishra, N. Sahu, S.K. Behera and L.B. Chaudhary. 2011. Assessment of diversity in the genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) of Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh, India. American Journal of Plant Sciences 2: 78–92. doi: 10.4236/ ajps.2011.21011 Kumar, H., P.K. Mathur, J.F. Lehmkuhl, D.V.S. Khati, R. De and W. Longwah. 2002. Management of forests in India for biological diversity and forests productivity: a new perspective — Volume VI: Terai Conservation Area (TCA). Dehradun: WII-USDA Forest Service Collaborative Project Report, Wildlife Institute of India. 158 pp. Lawrence, G.H.M. 1951. Taxonomy of vascular plants. New Delhi: Oxford IBH Publishing Co.. 823 pp. Maliya, S.D. 2011. New or less known uses of some ethnomedicinal plants of Wildlife Sanctuary Katarniyaghat of Bahraich Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 35(1): 35–38. Maliya, S.D. 2012. Additions to the lora of Katarniyaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 36(2): 419–426. Maliya, S.D. and B. Datt. 2010. A contribution to the lora of Katarniyaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Bahraich District, Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 34(1): 42–68. Mishra, A.K., O. Bajpai, N. Sahu, A. Kumar, S.K. Behera, R.M. Mishra and L.B. Chaudhary. 2013. Study of plant regeneration potential in tropical moist deciduous forest in northern India. International Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl Authors’ contribution statement: OB, AK, AKS, AKK and LBC collected the ield data, OB, LBC and JP wrote the text, and OB and LBC made the analysis. Received: 11 July 2014 Accepted: 15 June 2015 Academic editor: Nik Fadzly 14 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718 Bajpai et al. | Trees of Himalayan Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh Figure 7. Some major tree species of Terai region: A, Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.; B, Tectona grandis L. f.; C, Mallotus philippensis (Lamk.) Muell.-Arg.; D, Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.; E, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels; F, Ficus benghalensis L.; G, Ehretia laevis Roxb.; H, Lagerstroemia speciosa (L. ex Murray) Pers.; I, Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr.; J, Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.; K, Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabberley; L, Bauhinia variegata L.; M, Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn.; N, Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC.; O, Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd. Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 15 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1718