KEW BULLETIN 60: 3–75 (2005) 3 Taxonomic Revision of tribe Ocimeae Dumort. (Lamiaceae) in continental South East Asia III. Ociminae S. Suddee1, A. J. Paton2 & J. A. N. Parnell3 Summary. The tribe Ocimeae subtribe Ociminae is fully revised for continental South East Asia (Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam). Descriptions, full synonyms relevant to South East Asian Floras, maps, line drawings, information about ethnobotany, distributions, habitats, ecology, endemism and conservation, vernacular names, specimens examined and index to accepted names and synonyms are given. Four genera are covered here: Basilicum, Orthosiphon, Ocimum and Platostoma. In Orthosiphon, Orthosiphon lanatus Doan ex S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, O. rotundifolius Doan ex S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, O. truncatus Doan ex S. Suddee & A. J. Paton are validated and O. pseudoaristatus S. Suddee is described as a new species. Orthosiphon aristatus var. velteri S. Suddee & A. J. Paton is described as a new variety. In Platostoma, Platostoma becquerelii S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, P. cambodgense S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, P. grandiflorum S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, P. kerrii S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, P. rubrum S. Suddee & A. J. Paton and P. taylorii S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, are valid names for species previously described by Doan in Flore Indo-Chine. P. mekongense S. Suddee is described as a new species. Platostoma coloratum var. minutum S. Suddee and P. cambodgense var. subulatum S. Suddee are described as new varieties. Key words. Lamiaceae, Ocimeae, Ociminae, South East Asia, taxonomy, new taxa, lectotypes. Introduction This treatment of subtribe Ociminae in continental South East Asia is the third part of a revision of tribe Ocimeae in that area. Part I (Suddee et al. 2004a) provides a general introduction to the tribe and its classification, references to relevant botanical works, and discussion on phytogeography and conservation. In addition it includes a revison of tribe Hyptidinae (Hyptis) and tribe Hanceolinae (Siphocranion and Isodon) in continental South East Asia. Part II (Suddee et al. 2004b) covers subtribe Plectranthinae (Anisochilus and Plectranthus). 6. Basilicum Basilicum Moench (1802: 143); Doan (1936: 926); Keng (1969: 38; 1978: 366); Cramer (1981: 122); Li & Hedge (1994: 295). Type species: Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench (Ocimum polystachyon L.). Moschosma Rchb. (Reichenbach 1828: 171), in adnot.; Benth. (1830b: 13; 1832: 24; 1848: 48; 1876: 1173); Hook. f. (1885: 612); Briq. (1897: 368); Kudo (1929: 110); Mukerjee (1940: 34); Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 638). Lectotype species: Moschosma polystachyon (L.) Benth. [Ocimum polystachyon L. = Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench]. Erect annual or perennial herbs. Stems quadrangular, usually sparsely scabrid at angles, much branched. Leaves petiolate, opposite, membranous, crenateserrate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, simple or branched; verticils laxly arranged close together forming a lax spike-like inflorescence; cymes sessile or subsessile, unbranched, 3 – 4-flowered, often 3flowered; bracts small, clawed at base, persistent, forming a small apical coma; pedicels slightly curved downwards at apex in fruit, sometimes pedicels bent into one lateral side and the infructescence becomes secund. Calyx tubular-campanulate in flower and fruit, declinate, bilabiate; posterior lip 1-lobed, broad, slightly decurrent on tube; anterior lip 4lobed, median teeth ± equal to posterior, slightly curved upwards, lateral teeth broader than median teeth, slightly shorter; tube slightly constricted at throat, with 10 longitudinal veins, without an anterior Accepted for publication February 2005. 1 The Forest Herbarium (BKF), National Park, Wildlife & Plant Conservation Department, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 2 Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, U.K. 3 School of Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 4 spur at base; throat glabrous. Corolla slightly exserted from calyx tube; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe broadest, entire or emarginate; anterior lip entire, slightly concave, slightly longer than posterior; tube short, dilated towards throat, glabrous. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate, slightly exserted, inappendiculate, glabrous; posterior pair attached slightly below throat; anterior pair longer, attached at the base of anterior corolla lobe; filaments free; anthers reniform, synthecous, often confluent. Ovary glabrous. Style declinate, clavate-capitate and shortly bifid at apex. Disc with anterior side well developed. Nutlets ovoid or ellipsoid, smooth, producing mucilage when wet. Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench (1802: 143), as ‘polystachion’; Doan (1936: 926, f. 97, 5 – 8); Keng (1969: 39, f. 6a – e); Murata (1976: 179); Keng (1978: 366); Cramer (1981: 122); Li (1977: 556, f. 119, 1 – 7); Phuong (1982: 129); Li & Hedge (1994: 296); Phuong (1995: 34); Paton & Cafferty (1998: 466); Budantsev (1999: 29); Phuong (2000: 93). Type: as basionym below. Ocimum polystachyon L. (1771: 567), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: India, Linnean Herbarium 749.15 right hand specimen [lectotype LINN, (microfiche!)]. Lumnitzera polystachya (L.) Jacq. f. ex Spreng. (1825: 687). Type: as for O. polystachyon. Moschosma polystachyon (L.) Benth. (1830b: 13; 1832: 24; 1848: 48); Hook. f. (1885: 612); Briq. (1897: 368); Dunn (1915: 135); Kudo (1929: 111); Mukerjee (1940: 35); Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 638); Murata (1971: 508). Type: as for O. polystachyon. Ocimum tenuiflorum sensu Burm. f. (1768: 129) non L. (1753), as ‘Ocymum’. Plectranthus parviflorus sensu R. Br. (1810: 506) non Willd. (1806). Plectranthus micranthus Spreng. (1825: 691). Type: probably in Heidelberg (HEID). Ocimum dimidiatum Schumach. & Thonn. (1827: 266), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: Guinea, Thonning 309 [syntypes 2 shts. C, (microfiche!)]. Ocimum tenuiflorum sensu Blanco (1837: 481) non L. (1753), as ‘Ocymum’. Moschosma tenuiflorum sensu Merr. (1912a: 408) [non (L.) Heynh. 1840]. Ocimum tashiroi Hayata (1919: 109), nom. nud. & (1920: 86); Kudo (1929: 115); Li (1977: 568). Type: Taiwan, Holisha, ann. March 1896, Tashiro s.n. (holotype TI, photo K!). Annual herbs up to 1 m tall, sometimes woody at base. Stems much branched at base, quadrangular, scabrid at angles, with hairs at nodes, otherwise glabrous. Leaves membranous, ovate, 10 – 70 × 10 – 40 mm, apex acute or acuminate, base rounded, © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) cuneate or attenuate, margin crenate-serrate, glabrous or glabrescent above, glabrous but with short hairs on veins and sessile glands beneath; petioles slender 10 – 40 mm long, pubescent or glabrescent on upper side. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, up to 100 mm long; axis hispidulous with spreading hairs; bracts subtending 3 – 4 flowers, forming a small apical coma, persistent, broadly ovate, 1.5 mm long, apex aristate, base attenuate, decurrent into a claw, glabrous or glabrescent both sides; pedicels erect, 0.5 – 1 mm long in flower, 1 – 1.5 mm long in fruit, pubescent. Calyx tubularcampanulate, 1.5 mm long at anthesis; 25 – 30 mm in fruit; posterior lip broadest, orbicular, entire, slightly decurrent on tube; anterior lip 4-lobed, median teeth lanceolate-acuminate, ± equal to the posterior, lateral teeth broadly ovate-cuspidate, slightly shorter; tube declinate, 10-nerved, slightly constricted at throat, pubescent outside with yellow or brown sessile glands, glabrous inside. Corolla pink, purple or lilac, 2 – 3 mm long, back of lobes sparsely pubescent; posterior lip 3-lobed, pubescent at back, median lobe broadest, emarginate; anterior lip 1-lobed, oblong, slightly longer than posterior; tube dilated toward throat, glabrous outside. Stamens slightly exserted from corolla tube, anterior pair longer, inserted at base of anterior corolla lip, posterior pair inserted slightly below throat. Ovary glabrous. Style calvate-capitate, shortly bifid at apex, ± equal to anterior stamens. Disc with anterior side well developed, obtuse at apex, not exceeding ovary. Nutlets brown, ovoid or ellipsoid, 0.5 mm long, smooth, producing mucilage when wet. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BURMA: Tavoy, 12 Oct. 1827, Gomez 412 in Wall. Cat. 2711D (G-DC, K-W); Mergui, Griffith 3947 (K); Rangoon, 25 Aug. 1826, Wall. Cat. 2711B (G-DC, K, K-W); Prome Hills, 9 Oct. 1826, Wall. Cat. 2711C (K-W); Taunggyi, Dec. 1950, White 182 (US). THAILAND: Chumphon, Bang Son, 21 May 1919, Haniff & Nur 4203 (K, SING); Chiang Mai, 300 m, 17 Oct. 1912, Kerr 2739 (BM, E, K); Bangkok, under 5 m, 28 July 1920, Kerr 4366 (ABD, BK, BM, K); Kanchanaburi, Wang Kanai, under 50 m, 14 May 1927, Kerr 12829 (BK, BM, L). VIETNAM: Hanoi, Aug. 1891, Balansa 4385 (K, P); Can Tho, 25 Jan. 1914, Chevalier 30319 (P); Nam Dinh, June 1906, Mouret 274 (P); Hanoi, Dec. 1921, Petelot 283 (K, 2 shts. P); Nord de Ninh Hoa, Nhatrang, 6 May 1923, Poilane 6264 (GH, HM, 2 shts. P); Saigon, 1862 – 1866, Thorel 66 (A, HM, P). ECOLOGY. In moist open areas in forest, paddy fields; alt. from sea level to 300 m. Flowering and fruiting May – February. DISTRIBUTION. Tropical Africa, India, Himalaya, Burma, China, Thailand, Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia & Australia. Map 1. VERNACULAR NAME. Vietnamese: E Sa. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 5 Map 1. Distribution of Basilicum polystachyon (●). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 6 7. Orthosiphon Orthosiphon Benth., (1830a: t. 1300; 1830b: 14; 1832: 25; 1848: 49); Hook. f. (1885: 612); Kudo (1929: 115); Doan (1936: 933); Mukerjee (1940: 21); Sleesen (1959: 37); Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 640); Keng (1969: 132; 1978: 379); Cramer (1981: 123); Li & Hedge (1994: 298). Type species: Ocimum triste Roth [= Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen (Ocimum thymiflorum Roth )]. Clerodendranthus Kudo (1929: 117); Hsuan (1977: 574); Li & Hedge (1994: 299). Type species: C. stamineus (Benth.) Kudo [Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. = Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.]. Erect herbs or undershrubs. Stems sometimes with a woody rootstock, quadrangular or roundquadrangular, usually branched. Leaves with lower pairs petiolate, upper pairs sometimes sessile or subsessile, opposite, sometimes leaves forming a rosette near stem base, membranous to chartaceous, serrate, crenate or entire. Inflorescence terminal, simple, rarely branched; verticils clearly interrupted; cymes sessile, unbranched, 1 – 3-flowered, often 3flowered; bracts caducous or persistent, often forming an apical coma; pedicels bent downward in fruit. Calyx campanulate in flower, tubularcampanulate in fruit, bilabiate, reflexed against the inflorescence axis in fruit; posterior lip membranous, broadest, margins reflexed, strongly decurrent on tube; anterior lip 4-toothed with teeth acuminatesubulate, two median teeth longer than lateral, subequal or longer than posterior; tube sometimes constricted above ovary, with 10 longitudinal veins, without anterior spur at base; throat mostly glabrous, KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) rarely pubescent. Corolla long exserted from calyx tube; posterior lip 3 – 4-lobed, equal or the median lobe larger; anterior lip entire, concave, equal to posterior or longer; lobes pubescent at back; tube long exserted, straight or incurved, pubescent. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate, included or long exserted, inappendiculate, glabrous; posterior pair attached at throat slightly below anterior; anterior pair attached at the base of anterior corolla lip, longer than posterior; filaments free; anthers reniform, synthecous, often confluent. Ovary glabrous. Style declinate, capitate or clavate at apex, usually slightly cleft, often with minute glands around style base. Disc 4-lobed with anterior side well developed. Nutlets ovoid, ellipsoid, oblong or globose, smooth, minutely tuberculate or minutely reticulate, sometimes producing mucilage when wet. NOTE. Index Nominum Genericorum (Farr et al. 1979), Flora of Southern Africa (Codd 1985), NCU-3 (Greuter et al. 1993) regarded Orthosiphon as ‘type not designated’. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (Hedge et al. 1998) cited Orthosiphon rubicundus (D. Don) Benth as the type species and Conspectus Lamiacearum Florae Vietnami (Phuong 1982), Flora of Vietnam 2 (Phuong 2000) cited it as the lectotype species. The original publication of the genus mentions only one species, ‘Ocimum triste Roth’ which Bentham definitely indicated belonged to the genus, and so this must be the type species for the genus. Ocimum triste Roth has never been combined in Orthosiphon, but it is a synonym of Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen (Ocimum thymiflorum Roth). Key to continental SE Asian Species of Orthosiphon 1. Stamens included or slightly exserted beyond anterior corolla lip 2. Leaves distinctly petiolate; base round, truncate or shortly cuneate; plants without a tuberous root · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1. O. thymiflorus 2. Leaves sessile or subsessile; if petiolate, base conspicuously cuneate or attenuate and decurrent into petiole; plants with a tuberous root · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 2. O. rubicundus 1. Stamens far exserted well beyond anterior corolla lip 3. Leaves usually subradical or congested at stem base, rarely with leafy part elongated, if so then the middle pairs of leaves largest, the uppermost pairs sessile or subsessile 4. Leaves elliptic or oblong, base cuneate, subradical or congested at stem base · · · · · · · · · 3. O. scapiger 4. Leaves ovate, base cordate or truncate, subradical, congested at stem base, or leafy part elongated with the middle pairs of leaves largest, the uppermost pairs sessile or subsessile · · · · · · 4. O. parishii 3. Leaves not subradical nor congested at stem base, leafy part much elongated 5. Posterior lip of corolla 3-lobed, midlobe usually entire; lateral lobes of anterior calyx lip minute · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5. O. rotundifolius 5. Posterior lip of corolla 3 – 4-lobed, if 3-lobed, then midlobe emarginate; lateral lobes of anterior calyx lip distinct 6. Leaves densely tomentose · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6. O. lanatus 6. Leaves never tomentose © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 7 7. Posterior lip of corolla minute, truncate; tube slender below, abruptly expanded near throat · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 7. O. truncatus 7. Posterior lip of corolla distinct, not truncate; tube gradually dilated towards throat 8. Inflorescence usually with 1 – 2 pairs of smaller leaves at base, these much smaller than stem leaves; nutlets 2.5 – 3 mm long · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·8. O. glandulosus 8. Inflorescence not as above, leaves gradually reduced in size; nutlets 1.5 – 2 mm long 9. Plants pubescent with white soft hairs and conspicuous black sessile glands · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 9. O. pseudoaristatus 9. Plant glabrous or pubescent, indumentum not as above; black sessile glands rarely conspicuous · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 10. O. aristatus 1. Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen (1959: 42), excl. syn. Ocimum viscosum Roth & Orthosiphon tomentosus Benth.; Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 640); Keng (1969: 135, excl. syn. Ocimum viscosum Roth & Orthosiphon tomentosus Benth.; 1978: 381, excl. syn. Ocimum viscosum Roth & Orthosiphon tomentosus Benth.); Cramer (1981: 124), excl. syn. O. tomentosus; Phuong (1982: 148, excl. syn. O. tomentosus; 1995: 41, excl. syn. O. tomentosus); Budantsev (1999: 31), excl. syn. O. tomentosus; Phuong (2000: 75), excl. syn. O. tomentosus. Type: as basionym below. Ocimum thymiflorum Roth (1821: 269), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: South India, Heyne s.n. (holotype B, destroyed). Plectranthus thymiflorus (Roth) Spreng. (1825: 690). Type: as for O. thymiflorum. Ocimum triste Roth (1821: 270), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: South India, Heyne s.n. (holotype B, destroyed; isotype L!). Plectranthus tristis (Roth) Spreng. (1825: 690). Type: as for O. triste. Orthosiphon viscosus Benth. (1830a: 14; 1832: 27; 1848: 51); Mukerjee (1940: 23), incl. var., excl. syn. O. tomemtosus. Type: India, Dindygul, 9 Dec. 1826, Herb. Wight. in Wall. Cat. 2723A [syntypes G-DC (microfiche!), 2 shts. K! (both Herb. Benthamianum), K! (Herb. Hookerianum), K-W!, 2 shts. L!, P!]. Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen var. viscosus (Benth.) Sleesen (1959: 43), excl. syn. O. viscosum Roth. Type: as for O. viscosus. Orthosiphon tomentosus Benth. var. viscosus (Benth.) Hook. f. (1885: 614). Type: as for O. viscosus. Orthosiphon glabratus Benth. (1830b: 14; 1832: 28; 1848: 50); Mukerjee (1940: 24), incl. var. Type: India, Courtallum, Wall. Cat. 2724B [syntypes K! (Herb. Benthamianum), K-W!]. Orthosiphon tomentosus Benth. var. glabratus (Benth.) Hook. f. (1885: 614). Type: as for O. glabratus. Orthosiphon tomentosus sensu auctt. Benth. (non Benth. 1830), (1832: 27 – 28), pro parte, quoad Wight. 2499 & syn.; Benth. (1848: 51), pro parte, quoad Wight. 2499 & syn.; Hook. f. (1885: 613); Doan (1936: 935). Orthosiphon tomentosus Benth. var. parviflorus Benth. (1848: 51), as ‘parviflora’; Hook. f. (1885: 614). Type: South India, Wight 2501 [syntype K! (Herb. Benthamianum)]. Orthosiphon glabratus Benth. var. parviflorus (Benth.) Gamble (1924: 1114), as ‘parviflora’; Mukerjee (1940: 24). Type: as for O. tomentosus var. parviflorus Benth. Orthosiphon petiolaris Miq. (1858: 943). Type: Indonesia, Java, Horsfield Lab. 23 (holotype U!; isotypes 2 shts. K!). Plectranthus marmoritis Hance (1874: 53). Type: China, West River, Prov. Cantonensis, 18 July 1872, Sampson & Hance in Herb. H. F. Hance 17725 (holotype BM!; isotype K!), synon. nov. Orthosiphon marmoritis (Hance) Dunn (1913: 154; 1915: 135); Kudo (1929: 115); Doan (1936: 938); Hsuan (1977: 572); Phuong (1982: 147); Li & Hedge (1994: 298); Phuong (1995: 41); Budantsev (1999: 30); Phuong (2000: 81). Type: as for P. marmoritis. Orthosiphon tomentosus Benth. var. tomentosus sensu Hook. f. (1885: 613), as ‘tomentosa’. Orthosiphon tomentosus Benth. var. rubiginosus Clarke ex Hook. f. (1885: 614), as ‘rubiginosa’. Type: India, Nilghiris, Canoor Ghat, 900 m, 7 March 1870, Clarke 10461B (syntype K!); India, Nilghiris, Wight 2107 (syntypes 2 shts. K!). Orthosiphon sinensis Hemsl. (1890: 268). Type: China, Kwangtung, Aug. 1887, Ford 146 (holotype K!), synon. nov. Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen var. tomentosus sensu Sleesen (1959: 43). Erect or ascending herb to 0.8 m tall. Stems woody at base, simple or much branched, quadrangular or round-quadrangular, glabrous or glabrescent below, pubescent above. Leaves ovate, papery, 20 – 90 × 10 – 50 mm, apex acute, base truncate or shortly cuneate, margin coarsely serrate, glabrous, puberulous or pubescent with sessile glands on both sides, glands and veins prominent beneath; petioles 8 – 45 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescence terminal, up to 25 cm long, sometimes branched at base; axis puberulous or © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 8 pubescent, with or without gland-tipped hairs; bracts sessile, subtending 2 – 3 flowers, forming a small apical coma, persistent, ovate, 2 – 3 mm long, shorter than pedicel in flower and fruit, acute, glabrous all over or adaxial glabrous, abaxial puberulous; pedicels 2.5 – 5 mm long at anthesis, 4 – 6 mm in fruit, puberulous, with or without gland-tipped hairs. Calyx 4 – 6 mm long at anthesis, 7 – 9 mm long in fruit; posterior lip orbicular or ovate-orbicular, apex rounded, acute, or apiculate, decurrent on tube, glabrous both sides; anterior lip with subulate teeth, lower teeth the same length or slightly longer than posterior, lateral slightly shorter than posterior; tube puberulous or pubescent outside, with or without gland-tipped hairs, sometimes glabrescent on upper side inside. Corolla white or whitish-purple, 10 – 17 mm long, 3 times as long as calyx; posterior lip 3lobed, midlobe emarginate; anterior lip slightly concave, ± equal in length to posterior; tube 7 – 12 mm long, dilated towards throat, straight or slightly curved, pubescent outside, hairs denser on anterior side. Stamens varying from included under anterior corolla lip to slightly exserted, anterior ones slightly longer. Style ± equal to the anterior stamens, clavate and cleft at apex. Disc with anterior side welldeveloped, apex acute, not exceeding ovary. Nutlets brown, ellipsoid, 1 – 1.2 mm long, minutely tuberculate or reticulate, producing mucillage when wet or not. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. LAOS : Vientiane, Muang Baw, c. 200 m, 27 April 1932, Kerr 21281 (BM, 2 shts. K, P); Louang Prabang, June 1929, KingdonWard 8987 (A, NY); Sayabouri, Pak Lai, 1866 – 68, Thorel s.n. (A, HM, P); Louang Prabang, Ban Sat, 30 Dec. 1948, Vidal 774 B (P). VIETNAM : Quang Ninh, Quang Yen, Dec. 1908, D’Alleizette 5732 (L); Jardins du Village de Doouse, pres de Tu-Vu (Vinh Phuc), 4 Nov. 1887, Balansa 2899 (K, P); Hai Phong, Riviere noire, Sept. 1886, Balansa 2904 (K, P); Annam, DucNhan, Recu le 8 Dec. 1917, Eberhardt 4228 (HM, P); Hoa Binh, Mai-Ha, recu le 8 Dec. 1917, Eberhardt 4318 (K, P); Bac Kan, Ban Khuang, recu le Sept. 1919, Eberhardt 4648 (A, HM, P); Thanh Hoa, Phang -Y’, 17 July 1920, Poilane 1637 (A, P). ECOLOGY. In evergreen forest, on limestone rocks in forest; near sea level – 700 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round. DISTRIBUTION. Sri Lanka, Nepal, India, Burma?, China, Laos, Thailand?, Vietnam, Malaysia & Indonesia. Map 2. VERNACULAR NAMES. Laotian: Pheng Deu Gieu, Phong Dieu Yeu, Nouat Meo, Ndi Kou (mèo), Njo Tu Nèng (mèo). Vietnamese: Cay Tinh, Co Ham Huot, Cay Kinh Gioi Giai, Co Ham Huoi. NOTE. There has long been confusion about the nomenclature of Orthosiphon tomentosus Benth. The © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) type of this name in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 14 (Bentham 1830b) is actually Endostemon viscosus (Roth.) M. Ashby (Ocimum viscosum Roth). The sheet Wall. Cat. 2717A in K-W contains 2 different species. The two upper specimens are Ocimum tenuiflorum and the one imperfect lower specimen, which was the only specimen of this taxon Bentham had seen at that time and on which he therefore based his Orthosiphon tomentosus, is in fact Endostemon viscosus. Bentham later (1832), in his Lamiaceae monograph, edited the description of Orthosiphon tomentosus, based on the more complete specimens he received from Wight. However, he did not exclude the original type, so Orthosiphon tomentosus is a synonym of Endostemon viscosus. This is confirmed by the duplicates of Wall. Cat. 2717A in the main herbarium of K (3 upper specimens on sheet). Orthosiphon thymiflorus is highly variable in hairiness and stamen length. In Indian material, the leaves vary from glabrous to densely pubescent and the stamens are never exserted from the anterior corolla lip. In the Chinese and Indo-Chinese material, the stamens vary from being included in anterior corolla lip (type of O. sinensis Hemsl.) to slightly exserted, as in to the types of O. marmoritis (Plectranthus marmoritis Hance). However the leaves of Chinese and Indo-Chinese material are mostly thin and brittle, whether or not the stamens are exserted. Indian material can sometimes have similar leaves. There is therefore no clear discontinuity in leaves or in other vegetative characters. Doan (1936) used the exserted stamens as a means of separating Orthosiphon thymiflorus (O. tomentosus in his sense) from O. marmoritis but this cannot be upheld because there are intermediates between these two extremes. The formerly accepted name O. marmoritis is here reduced to synonymy. There was also confusion about the varietal names proposed by Sleesen (1959) under Orthosiphon thymiflorus for his revision of Malaysian Orthosiphon; var. tomentosus (Hook. f.) Sleesen should be read as var. tomentosus (Benth.) Sleesen and var. viscosus (Hook. f.) Sleesen should be read as var. viscosus (Benth.) Sleesen; the basionyms being O. tomentosus Benth. and O. viscosus Benth. respectively even though the type of O. tomentosus Benth. is in fact Endostemon viscosus. 2. Orthosiphon rubicundus (D. Don) Benth. (1830b: 14; 1832: 26; 1835: 708; 1848: 51); Hook. f. (1885: 614); Craib (1911: 445; 1912: 168); Dunn (1915: 135), excl. syn. Coleus wulfenioides and specimen cited Forrest 126; Kudo (1929: 116); Doan (1936: 934); Mukerjee (1940: 25); Murata (1971: 510); Hsuan (1977: 573), incl. var.; Phuong (1982: 148); Press (1982: 160); Li & Hedge (1994: 298); Phuong TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE (1995: 41); Budantsev (1999: 30); Clement (1999: 1002, f. 89n – p); Phuong (2000: 75). Type: as basionym below. Plectranthus rubicundus D. Don (1825: 116), as ‘rubicunda’. Type: Nepal, May 1820, Wall. Cat. 2721A (K-W!, neotype chosen here). Lumnitzera rubicunda (D. Don) Spreng. (1827: 223). Type: as for P. rubicundus Plectranthus virgatus D. Don (1825: 116), as ‘virgata’. Type: Nepal, Buch.-Ham. s.n. (holotype BM!, with ‘Ocymum virgatum’ Hamilton MSS.). Lumnitzera virgata (D. Don) Spreng. (1827: 223). Type: as for P. virgatus. Orthosiphon virgatus (D. Don) Benth. (1830b: 14; 1832: 26; 1835: 708; 1848: 52). Type: as for P. virgatus. Orthosiphon rubicundus (D. Don) Benth. var. mollissimus Benth. (1830b: 14; 1832: 26; 1848: 52). Type: Nepal, May 1820, Wall. Cat. 2721A [syntypes K! (Herb. Benthamianum), K-W!]; India, Komaon, R. Blinkworth in Wall Cat. 2721B [syntypes 2 shts. K! (Herb. Benthamianum), K! (Herb. Hookerianum), K-W!]. Orthosiphon rubicundus (D. Don) Benth. var. canescens Benth. (1830b: 14; 1832: 26; 1848: 52). Type: Burma, Sagain (Sagaing), 1826, Wall. Cat. 2721C [syntypes G-DC (microfiche!), K! (Herb. Benthamianum), K-W!]. Orthosiphon rubicundus (D. Don) Benth. var. rigidus Benth. (1830b: 14), excl. Wall. Cat. 2721E, Monghir, 6 Sept. 1811, with the name ‘Ocymum bentulasia’ Hb. Ham. (= Orthosiphon pallidus Benth.); (Benth. 1832: 26; 1848: 52); Mukerjee (1940: 25). Type: India, Nathpur, 6 June 1810, Wall. Cat. 2721D, with the name ‘Ocymum rigidum’ Hb. Ham. (K-W!, lectotype chosen here). Orthosiphon incurvus Benth. (1830b: 15; 1832: 28; 1848: 52); Hook. f. (1885: 614); Mukerjee (1940: 24), incl. var.; Press (1982: 160). Type: Mantis Sillet, Oct. 1830, Bruce in Wall. Cat. 2725 [syntypes E!, G-DC (microfiche!), K! (Herb. Benthamianum), K-W!]. Ocimum tuberosum Roxb. (1832: 18), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: Roxburgh’s illustration No. 311 (K! illustration, lectotype chosen here). Orthosiphon rubicundus (D. Don) Benth. var. hohenackeri Hook. f. (1885: 615); Mukerjee (1940: 25). Type: India, Nilghiri Mts, Hohenacker 1394 (holotype K!; isotype L!). Orthosiphon rubicundus (D. Don) Benth. var. macrocarpus Prain (1897: 520), as ‘macrocarpa’; Mukerjee (1940: 26). Type: Burma, Attaran, Brandis 856 (type probably in CAL). Erect or ascending perennial herb, up to 1 m tall, rootstock woody, with tuberous roots. Stems quadrangular or round-quadrangular, usually with many stems arising from old rootstock, pubescent, old stem glabrous or glabrescent. Leaves varying from 9 sessile to petiolate, sometimes congested at stem base, chartaceous, ovate, oblong, ovate-oblong, ovatelanceolate or elliptic ovate, 25 – 150 × 10 – 60 mm, apex obtuse or acute, base conspicuously cuneate or attenuate and decurrent on petiole, margin serrate or crenate, puberulous to pubescent with sessile glands on both sides; petioles up to 6 cm long, pubescent. Inflorescence terminal, up to 35 cm long; axis pubescent, with or without gland-tipped hairs; bracts sessile, subtending 2 – 3 flowers, forming a small apical coma, persistent, ovate or ovatelanceolate, occasionally obovate, up to 8 mm long, longer or shorter than pedicel in flower, usually shorter in fruit, rarely longer, acute or acuminate, adaxial glabrous or glabrescent, abaxial pubescent; pedicels 2 – 5 mm long at anthesis, 4 – 5 mm long in fruit, pubescent with or without gland-tipped hairs. Calyx 5 – 7 mm long at anthesis, 8 – 12 mm long in fruit; posterior lip orbicular, ovate or obovate, rounded, acute or apiculate at apex, decurrent on tube, glabrous to pubescent on both sides in flower and fruit; anterior lip with subulate teeth, median teeth longest, lateral ± equal in length to the posterior; tube pubescent outside, sometimes with gland-tipped hairs. Corolla purple, 8 – 22 mm long, usually more than 3 times as long as calyx; posterior lip 4-lobed; anterior obovate, flat or slightly concave, ± equal in length to the posterior; tube 7 – 18 mm long, slightly dilated towards throat, straight or incurved, pubescent outside. Stamens included under anterior corolla lip, anterior slightly longer. Style included, never exceeding the anterior stamens, clavate-capitate and slightly cleft at apex. Disc with anterior side well-developed, obtuse or truncate at apex, equal or slightly exceeding ovary. Nutlets brown, ellipsoid, 1.5 – 2 mm long, minutely reticulate, with or without brown scales, sometimes producing mucillage when wet. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BURMA: Central Burma, Maymyo – Mandalay, 500 – 1000 m, 17 July 1967, Kanai 6707172 (KYO); Valley of the Mali Hka, Mile 140, Putas Road, 300 – 600 m, 15 July 1937, KingdonWard 12816 (BM); Thondaung to Zibuigyi, near Maymyo Plateau, 750 m, 10 June 1913, Lace 6216 (2 shts. E, K); Sagain Mts, 1826, Wall. Cat. 2721C [type of O. rubicundus var. canescens, G-DC (microfiche), K (Herb. Benthamianum), K-W]. CAMBODIA : mont de Kompong Chhnang, 6 June 1875, Harmand 215 (P); entre Chambok et Pum Lovea, 11 June 1930, Poilane 17522 (P). LAOS : Nam-Pat, Ban Nan Pre, 24 April 1892, D’Orleans s.n. (2 shts. P); Sam-Tem, 28 April 1892, D’Orleans s.n. (P); Vientiane, km 20 de la route de Tha Ngon, 28 May 1953, Vidal 2330 (P). THAILAND: Chiang Mai, Ob Luang table-land, along road from Bo Luang to Om Koi, 11 June 1968, Beusekom & Phengklai 1134 (AAU, BKF, C, E, K, KYO, P); Mae © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 10 Map 2. Distribution of Orthosiphon thymiflorus (▲) and O. rubicundus (●). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE Hong Son, Ban Mae Pang, 30 km N of Mae Sariang, 18°28'N 97°57'E, 400 m, 11 July 1968, Larsen, Santisuk & Warncke 2367 (AAU, 2 shts. BKF, C, E, 2 shts. K, KYO, L, P); Tak, between Tak and Ban Dan Lan Hoi, c. 150 m, 24 July 1973, Murata, Fukuoka & Phengklai T-16971 (BKF, C, 2 shts. KYO, L, P); Mukdahan, Phu Sra Dok Bua National Park, 300 m from Park H.Q. on way to summit, 140 m, 19 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 1002 (BKF, K, TCD). VIETNAM : Plaine des Chu, 11 Jan. 1886, Balansa 990 (P); Binh Phuoc, Loc Ninh, 16 April 1922, Evrard 775 (P); Doung Son La, Nghia Lo, Caes Son La km 34, 24 April 1977, Phuong 121 (6 shts. HN). Tropical Africa, India, Himalaya, Burma, South China, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand & Vietnam. Map 2. ECOLOGY. In savannas, disturbed forest, open areas in dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, Pine-Dipterocarp forest; from near sea level – 1100 m. Flowering and fruiting February – October. VERNACULAR NAMES. Thai: Hom Kra Tai (Phetchabun), Yah Hang Sue Mong (Loei), Keng Ka Noi (Mukdahan), Nuat Sua Kio (Loei), Sah Pak E Tu (Aran Prathet). Vietnamese: Trucquan Do. NOTE. A very variable species which has long been divided into several varieties, nearly all occurring in the Indian region. The leaves vary from sessile to petiolate, as well as in size and hairiness; corolla length also varies. There are no clear discontinuity that can be used to subdivide this species. The Thai and Indo-Chinese specimens display less variation when compared to those from India and Burma. Orthosiphon incurvus is supposed to differ from O. rubicundus in its longer corolla and longer petioles, but as a whole the characters show no discontinuity between the two species. Don (1825) also stated ‘longe petiolatis’ in the original description of O. rubicundus. Based on the reasons cited above, O. incurvus is treated as a synonym of O. rubicundus, in agreement with Clement (1999). The type from Nepal, Buch.-Ham. s.n., with ‘Ocymum rubicundum’ Hamilton MSS., as described in the original publication has not yet been found. The specimen Wall. Cat. 2721A in the Wallich Herbarium, collected from Nepal, matches the original description and is here chosen as the neotype. The material originally cited under Orthosiphon rubicundus (D. Don) Benth. var. rigidus Benth. contained the specimen (Wall. Cat. 2721E) which is in fact Orthosiphon pallidus Benth. As the protologue and remaining specimens suggest O. rubicundus, the name var. rigidus is lectotypified here with Wall. Cat. 2721D (with ‘Ocymum rigidum’ Hb. Ham. MSS.) and treated as a synonym. DISTRIBUTION. 11 3. Orthosiphon scapiger Benth. (1830b: 15; 1832: 28; 1848: 52); Hook. f. (1885: 615); Mukerjee (1940: 27); Press (1982: 160). Type: Nepal, Wall. Cat. 2726 [K! (Herb. Benthamianum), lectotype chosen here; isolectotypes BM!, G-DC (microfiche!), K! (Herb. Hookerianum), K-W!, L!, P!]. Erect perennial herb to 30 cm tall, rootstock woody. Stems short, arising from old rootstock, roundquadrangular, glabrous. Leaves in 3 – 6 basal pairs, chartaceous, elliptic or oblong, 70 – 110 × 35 – 50 mm, apex acute, base cuneate, margin coarsely crenate, glabrous to glabrescent with scattered sessile glands on both sides; petioles slender, 2.5 – 6 cm long, puberulous. Inflorescence terminal, simple, up to 20 cm long; axis pubescent with gland-tipped hairs; bracts sessile, subtending 2 – 3 flowers, persistent, ovate-lanceolate, 3 – 4 mm long, shorter than pedicel in flower and fruit, acuminate, adaxial glabrous or glabrescent, abaxial glabrescent; pedicels 3 – 3.5 mm long in flower, 4 – 5 mm long in fruit, pubescent with gland-tipped hairs. Calyx 4 – 5 mm long in flower, 5 – 7 mm long in fruit; posterior lip obovate, acute at apex, decurrent on tube, glabrous both sides; anterior lip subulate, median teeth the same length or slightly longer than posterior, lateral teeth slightly shorter; tube pubescent outside with gland-tipped hairs. Corolla purple, 12 – 15 mm long; posterior lip 3lobed, midlobe emarginate; anterior lip entire, slightly concave, longer than posterior; tube 7 – 10 mm long, slender below, widely expanded near throat, pubescent. Stamens exserted, up to twice as long as anterior corolla lip, anterior longer. Style not exceeding anterior stamens, clavate and slightly cleft at apex. Disc with anterior side well-developed, truncate at apex, exceeding ovary. Nutlets brown, oblong, 2 mm long, rugulose with brown scales, producing mucilage when wet. Fig. 1. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BURMA: Toang Dong, Nov. 1826, Wallich s.n. (P). DISTRIBUTION. Nepal, India & Burma. Map 3. ECOLOGY. Unknown. Fruiting November. NOTE. There is a single specimen from Burma in Paris (P), collected by Wallich from Toang Dong. The number 2726 which appears on this sheet is the number of the type collection. However the type itself was collected in Nepal. It is not clear whether the sheet in Paris belongs to the type collection or really is from Burma. It is probably better to assume that the locality is indeed correct, and therefore this species is included in this account. In addition, as the Burmese specimen bears only fruits, the floral description above has been taken from the type. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 12 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) A 1 cm B 1 mm Fig. 1. Orthosiphon scapiger. A habit; B fruiting calyx. (All from Wall. Cat. 2726, P). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 DRAWN BY HOLLY SOMERVILLE. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 13 Map 3. Distribution of Orthosiphon scapiger (!); O. parishii (●); O. pseudoaristatus ( ); O. rotundifolius (◆) and O. aristatus var. velteri (▲). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 14 4. Orthosiphon parishii Prain (1890: 295); Mukerjee (1940: 27); Murata (1971: 510). Type: Burma, Shan Hills, Terai, 600 m, June 1888, Collett 824 (K!, lectotype chosen here). Erect or ascending annual or short lived perennial herb, up to 30 cm tall, rootstock woody. Stems roundquadrandular, puberulous, sometimes branched. Leaves often purple beneath, membranous, usually in 3 – 4 (5) basal pairs, rarely separated by long internodes, if so the middle pairs of leaves always largest, upper pair sessile or subsessile, lower pairs distinctly petiolate, ovate, 30 – 130 × 35 – 80 mm, apex acute or obtuse, base truncate or cordate, margin serrate, sometimes crenate, sparsely hirsute above, glabrescent or sparsely hirsute with hairs denser on veins beneath; petioles slender, up to 85 mm long in lower pair, hirsute. Inflorescence terminal, up to 30 cm long; axis hirsute; bracts sessile, subtending 3 flowers, forming a small apical coma, persistent, ovate, 2 – 7 mm long, longer than pedicel in flower, shorter or longer in fruit, acuminate, cuspidate, ciliate, adaxial glabrous, abaxial hirsute; pedicels 1.5 – 2 mm long at anthesis, 3 – 4 mm long in fruit, hirsute. Calyx 3 – 4 mm long at anthesis, 8 – 9 mm long in fruit; posterior lip obovate, apiculate at apex, decurrent on tube, glabrous both sides or with short hairs on nerves inside, margin sometimes ciliate; anterior lip with teeth subulate, median teeth longest, lateral teeth shorter than posterior; tube hirsute outside, glabrous inside. Corolla bluish-purple, 15 – 25 mm long; posterior lip 3-lobed, midlobe emarginate; anterior lip entire, oblong, concave, ± equal in length to the posterior; tube slender 14 – 15 mm long, pubescent outside. Stamens far exserted, twice or more as long as anterior corolla lip, anterior slightly longer. Style long exserted, far exceeding stamens, clavate and shortly bifid at apex. Disc with anterior side well developed, obtuse at apex, not exceeding ovary. Nutlets brown, oblong or ellipsoid, 1.5 – 2 mm long, minutely reticulate, producing mucilage when wet. Fig. 2. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BURMA : Shan Hills, Terai, 600 m, June 1888, Collett 824 (lectotype K); Weteaun, 1 May 1933, Dickason 6142 (A); Tavoy Distr., 2.5 miles E of Paungdaw Power Station, 330 m, Aug. 1961, Keenan, U Tun Aung & Rule 1006 (A, K); Maymyo Plateau, c. 1050 m, June 1912, Lace 5855 (E, K, KYO). THAILAND: Kanchanaburi, Thung Kang Yang Hills, 350 m, 7 July 1963, Larsen 10578 (AAU, C, KYO); Tak, Khao Pha Wo, c. 70 km W of Tak, c. 700 m, 23 July 1973, Murata, Fukuoka & Phengklai T-16852 (AAU, BKF, K, L, P); Tak, Umphang, opposite Doi Hua Mot, 920 m, 5 Nov. 1998, Suddee & Puudjaa 1118 (BKF, K, TCD). DISTRIBUTION. Burma & Thailand. Map 3. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, deciduous forest on limestone hills, shaded areas in bamboo forest; 200 – 1100 m. Flowering and fruiting May – November. NOTE. This species is easily recognised by the hirsute indumentum, and by the leaves that are usually subradical, cordate and purple beneath, if the leaves are separated by long internodes, the middle pairs of leaves are always the largest. The species often occurs in shady ground in bamboo forest. The following syntypes held in CAL have not been seen for this study: Burma, Maymyo Hill, 3 March 1909, Dr. King’s collector 32 (syntype CAL, photograph of type KYO!); Burma, Tenasserim, Parish s.n. (syntype CAL); Burma, Meiktila, Prazer s.n. (syntype CAL). The only syntype available at K is chosen as the lectotype. ECOLOGY. 5. Orthosiphon rotundifolius Doan ex S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, sp. nov., O. lanato nobis forma folii corollaeque valde affinis sed statura minore, indumento minus denso, foliis ad basin truncatis vel cordatis nec cuneatis nec attenuatis, bracteis cito caducis nec aliquantum persistentibus differt. Typus: Vietnam, Ba Ria, June 1867, Pierre Lab. 7 (holotypus P!; isotypi 6 shts. P!). Orthosiphon rotundifolius Doan (1936: 938), nom. inval.; Murata (1971: 510); Phuong (1982: 147; 1995: 41); Budantsev (1999: 30); Phuong (2000: 80). Tall herbs or undershrubs to 4 m tall. Stems quadrangular, pubescent. Leaves membranous to chartaceous, the middle pairs of leaves on branch always largest, all pairs distinctly petiolate, ovate, 30 – 130 × 25 – 120 mm, apex acute, base cordate or truncate, margin crenate-serrate, pubescent to tomentose with sessile glands on both sides, sometimes purple on veins beneath; petioles up to 6 cm long, pubescent. Inflorescence terminal, up to 25 cm long, sometimes branched at base; axis pubescent with short adpressed hairs; bracts sessile, subtending 3 flowers, coma usually conspicuous, caducous, ovate or lanceolate, up to 8 mm long, cuspidate or acuminate, occasionally 3-lobed at apex, adaxial glabrous or glabrescent, abaxial pubescent, rarely with sessile glands; pedicels 3 – 4 mm long in flowers, 4 – 5 mm long in fruit, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 3 – 6 mm long at anthesis, 6 – 9 mm long in fruit; posterior lip orbicular, rounded or slightly emarginate at apex, glabrous both sides or slightly pubescent inside, decurrent on tube; anterior lip with median teeth subulate, ± equal in length to the posterior, lateral teeth minute, apiculate or shortly cuspidate; tube pubescent with yellow sessile glands, denser at tube base. Corolla purple, 18 – 25 mm long; posterior lip 3lobed, erect, midlobe entire, rarely emarginate; TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 15 1 cm 1 cm C B 1 cm A Fig. 2. Orthosiphon parishii. A habit; B infructescence; C inflorescence. (All from Smitinand & Seidenfaden 11620, KYO). HOLLY SOMERVILLE. DRAWN BY © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 16 anterior lip concave, 8 – 10 mm long, ± equal in length to the posterior; tube straight, 8 – 10 mm long, dilated at throat, pubescent with sessile glands outside. Stamens exserted, anterior slightly longer, twice as long as anterior corolla lip. Style exceeding anterior stamens, clavate and cleft at apex. Disc with anterior side well-developed, truncate or obtuse at apex, much exceeding ovary. Nutlets brown, globose or ellipsoid, 1 – 1.5 mm long, minutely tuberculate or reticulate, with or without black dots, producing mucilage when wet or not. Fig. 3. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. THAILAND: Chaiyaphum, Ban Nam Phrom – Tung Kamang, 700 m, 15°40'N 102°0'E, 25 May 1974, Geesink, Hattink & Phengklai 6965 (AAU, C, K, KYO); Chaiyaphum, Phu Khieo, Thung Kamang trail, 16°25'N 102°05'E, 600 – 700 m, 4 Aug. 1972, Larsen et al. 31367 (AAU, BKF, K, KYO, L, P); Kanchanaburi, Erawan National Park, Khao Mong Lai, 14°25'N 99°02'E, 600 m, 31 Aug. 1995, Parnell et al. 95-616 (K, TCD); Prachuap Khiri Khan, Nam Tok Huay Yang near Thap Sakae, 30 – 200 m, 19 Aug. 1967, Shimizu, Fukuoka & Nalampoon T-7750 (A, AAU, BKF, C, E, K, 3 shts. KYO, L, US); Loei, Phu Kradung, 3 Sept. 1967, 250 – 930 m, Shimizu, Hutoh & Chaiglom T-12956 (BKF, 2 shts. KYO, L, US); Phetchabun, Nam Nao National Park, trail N of P.Q., 16°44'N 101°34'E , 800 m, 8 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 909 (BKF, K, TCD); Tak, Me Kor, 540 m, 20 July 1915, Winit 419 (BKF, K). VIETNAM: Dac Lac, 23 Dec. 1979, Bien 1153B (3 shts. HN); Lam Dong, Massif du Lang Bian, Entre Dalang et Pran, 200 – 1000 m, 9 Feb. 1914, Chevalier 30617 (P); Dac Lac, 22 Dec. 1979, Ha Thi Dung 509 (2 shts. HN); Ba Ria – Vung Tau, Ba Ria, June 1867, Pierre Lab. 7 (holotype P; isotypes 6 shts. P). DISTRIBUTION. Vietnam, Thailand. Map 3. ECOLOGY. Dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, bamboo forest; from near sea level – 1000 m. Flowering and fruiting May – February. VERNACULAR NAMES. Thai: Jeing Dong (Loei), Bang Rak Paa (Prachuap Khiri Khan). NOTE. Plants of this species are distinct in the genus because of their undershrub or shrub-like habit. The leaves are ovate and usually tomentose. The bracts on the top of the inflorescence are very conspicuous and soon caducous. Though originally described as having the posterior lip of corolla 4-lobed, i. e. weakly emarginate, the specimens studied, including the type, only show a 3-lobed form; emarginate median lobes are only occasionally found. The species has never been recorded from the Malesian region with the exception of two sheets of Horsfield Lab 27 at K which are definitely O. rotundifolius. Though the Horsfield label has ‘Java’ on it, and this is consistent with his collection itinerary, © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) the lack of specimens from Peninsula Malaysia suggests that these two sheets may have been mislabelled and may not, in fact, be from Java. 6. Orthosiphon lanatus Doan ex S. Suddee & A. J. Paton sp. nov., O. rotundifolio nobis forma corollae valde affinis sed statura maiore, indumento densiore, foliis ad basin cuneatis vel attenuatis nec truncatis nec cordatis, bracteis aliquantum persistentibus nec cito caducis differt. Typus: Vietnam, Ninh Thuan, Phanrang, Ca Na, 2 April 1923, Poilane 5997 (holotypus P!; isotypi 2 shts. P!). Orthosiphon lanatus Doan (1936: 936), nom inval.; Phuong (1982: 147; 1995: 41); Budantsev (1999: 30); Phuong (2000: 79). Erect perennial herb 0.5 – 1 m tall, rootstock woody. Stems quadrangular or round-quadrangular, woody at base, branched, pubescent below, tomentose above with patent or adpressed hairs, old stem with epidermis peeling. Leaves thick, ovate or ovate-oblong, 20 – 50 × 12 – 25 mm, apex obtuse, base cuneate or attenuate, margin crenate-serrate, tomentose on both sides, hairs much denser beneath; petioles 10 – 30 mm long, tomentose. Inflorescence terminal, up to 10 cm long; axis hairy; bracts sessile, subtending 3 flowers, forming a small apical coma, not early caducous, broadly ovate, 2 – 3 mm long, shorter than pedicel in flower, acute or obtuse, adaxial glabrescent or pubescent, abaxial hispid-tomentose; pedicels 1.5 – 2 mm in flowers, tomentose. Calyx 3 – 5 mm long at anthesis; posterior lip obovate, acute at apex, glabrescent outside, pubescent inside, margin sometimes ciliate; anterior lip with teeth subulate, median lobes longest, lateral lobes slightly shorter than posterior; tube hispid-pubescent outside; fruiting calyx not seen. Corolla pinkish-white, 12 – 15 mm long; posterior lip 3-lobed, midlobe broadest, emarginate; anterior lip ovate-oblong, concave, slightly longer than posterior; tube 8 – 10 mm long, dilated towards throat, slightly constricted above ovary, pubescent outside. Stamens far exserted, more than twice as long as anterior corolla lip. Style long exserted, much exceeding stamens, clavate and slightly cleft at apex. Disc thick, anterior side well developed, obtuse at apex, much exceeding ovary. Nutlets not seen. EXAMINED. VIETNAM : Ninh Thuan, Phanrang, Cana, 2 April 1923, Poilane 5997 (types 3 shts. P); Lam Dong, 5 Jan. 1980, Lien 25 (HN). ECOLOGY. Unknown. Flowering January – April. DISTRIBUTION. Endemic to Vietnam. Map 4. CONSERVATION. Known only from two collections. Both localities are close to a major city and disturbance of the habitat is likely. Estimated extent of occurrence is less than 200 km2. EN B1 ab(i,iii). SPECIMENS TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 17 A B 1 cm E 3 mm C 2 mm 1 mm D Fig. 3. Orthosiphon rotundifolius. A & B habit; C coma bracts on top of inflorescence; D corolla; E fruiting calyx. (All from Suddee 825, K). DRAWN BY EMMANUEL PAPADOPOULOS. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 18 Map 4. Distribution of Orthosiphon lanatus (!); O. truncatus ( © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) ); O. glandulosus (▲) and O. aristatus var. aristatus (●). TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE Vietnamese: Trucquan Long. This species is known only from the type and one other collection from a nearby area in Vietnam. No ecological information has been recorded. It appears closest to Orthosiphon rotundifolius but differs in habit, in the denser indumentum, in the cuneate or attenuate leaf base (not truncate or cordate) and in the more conspicuous lateral lobes of the anterior calyx lip. The bracts are not as quickly caducous as they are in O. rotundifolius and are probably persistent; however no fruiting specimen has been seen. VERNACULAR NAME. NOTE. 7. Orthosiphon truncatus Doan ex S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, sp. nov., O. aristato (Blume) Miq. forma calycis similis sed tubo corollae ad faucem abrupte dilatato nec parum nec haud dilatato, labio postico corollae breviter quadrilobato ut videtur truncato nec trilobato nec lobo mediano emarginato differt. Typus: Dông Nai, Bao Chiang, July 1877, Pierre 1862 (holotypus P!). Orthosiphon truncatus Doan (1936: 940), as ‘truncata’; Phuong (1982: 148; 1995: 41); Budantsev (1999: 31); Phuong (2000: 84). Erect annual herb 0.8 m tall. Stems quadrangular, branched, glabrous or glabrescent. Leaves sessile, chartaceous, lanceolate, 30 – 60 × 10 – 15 mm, apex acute or acuminate, base truncate or shortly cuneate, margin serrate, sometimes entire, sparsely pubescent above, glabrescent with sparse hairs on veins beneath. Inflorescence terminal, 8 – 10 cm long; axis pubescent; bracts sessile, subtending 3 flowers, forming a small apical coma, persistent, ovatelanceolate, up to 10 mm long, upper bracts equal to or longer than pedicel in flower and fruit, lowest pair of bracts the longest, leaf-like, glabrescent to pubescent both sides; pedicels 3 – 4 mm long at anthesis, 5 – 6 mm long in fruit, pubescent. Calyx 4 – 5 mm long at anthesis, 9 – 11 mm long in fruit; posterior lip obovate or orbicular, rounded or acute at apex, margin ciliate, decurrent on tube; anterior lip with teeth subulate, median lobes longest, lateral lobes ± equal to the posterior; tube pubescent outside, denser at tube base. Corolla 12 – 15 mm long; posterior lip indistinct, truncate, shortly 4lobed; anterior lip ovate-oblong, concave, much longer than posterior; tube 7 – 8 mm long, slender below and abruptly expanded near throat, pubescent outside. Stamens long exserted, more than twice as long as anterior corolla lip. Style far exserted, exceeding anterior stamens, capitate and entire at apex. Disc with anterior side well-developed, obtuse at apex, equal to or slightly exceeding ovary. Nutlets not seen. 19 SPECIMENS EXAMINED. VIETNAM : Dông Nai, Bao Chiang, July 1877, Pierre 1862 (holotype P). DISTRIBUTION. Endemic to Vietnam. Map 4. ECOLOGY. Unknown. Flowering and fruiting July. CONSERVATION. Known from only one collection from 1877. The locality is a town and the species is likely to be extinct due to disturbance of habitat. EX. NOTE. The species is known only from the type collection but it is easily distinguished from the others in the genus by the lanceolate and sessile leaves, the leaf-like lower pair of bracts, the short truncate posterior corolla lip and the abruptly expanded corolla tube. 8. Orthosiphon glandulosus C. E. C. Fisch. (1930: 240); Mukerjee (1940: 28). Type: India, Assam, South Lushai Hills, 900 m, July – Aug. 1929, undergrowth in bamboo forest, Wenger 272 (K!, lectotype chosen here; isolectotypes ABD!, 2 shts. K!). Undershrub. Stems round-quadrangular, pubescent. Leaves membranous or chartaceous with 1 – 2 upper pairs sessile, other wise petiolate, ovate or ellipticovate, 80 – 250 × 40 – 150 mm, apex acute, base shortly cuneate, margin serrate-dentate, sometimes obscurely so, sessile glands prominent and denser beneath, glabrescent on ner ves on both sides, otherwise glabrous, 1 – 2 pairs of upper leaves much smaller than lower leaves; petioles up to 8 cm long, slender, glabrous or glabrescent. Inflorescence terminal 8 – 25 cm long, axis pubescent; bracts sessile, subtending 2 – 3 flowers, usually forming a conspicuous apical coma, caducous or persistent, ovate-lanceolate, to 10 mm long, shorter or longer than pedicel in flower and fruit, acuminate or cuspidate, adaxial glabrous, abaxial glabrescent; pedicels 4 – 5 mm long in flowers, 5 – 7 mm long in fruit, pubescent. Calyx membranous, 8 – 10 mm long in flower, 12 – 15 mm long in fruit; posterior lobe orbicular, apiculate, glabrous on both sides or with hairs on ner ves inside, decurrent on tube; anterior with 2 median teeth subulate, longest, lateral teeth minute, shorter than posterior; tube glabrescent to pubescent with sessile glands outside. Corolla pinkish-white, 22 – 25 mm long; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe largest, emarginate; anterior lip boat-shaped, concave, ± equal to the posterior; tube 10 – 12 mm long, straight, broadly or narrowly cylindric, pubescent outside. Stamens far exserted, 4 times or more as long as anterior corolla lip. Style exserted far beyond stamens, clavate-capitate and slightly cleft at apex. Disc with anterior side welldeveloped, thick, obtuse at apex, not exceeding ovary. Nutlets dark brown, oblong, 2.5 – 3 mm long, minutely reticulate, or tuberculate, not producing mucilage when wet. Fig. 4. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 20 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) C A 1 cm B D E 5 mm Fig. 4. Orthosiphon glandulosus. A & B habit; C coma on top of inflorescence; D corolla; E fruiting calyx. (A – C from Wenger 272A, K; D & E from Wenger 272, K). DRAWN BY EMMANUEL PAPADOPOULOS. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE SPECIMENS EXAMINED. THAILAND : Ranong, Kraburi, Khlong Wa, c. 50 m, 23 Dec. 1928, Kerr 16309 (2 shts. BM, L). ECOLOGY. In bamboo & evergreen forest; 50 – 900 m. Flowering and fruiting July – December. DISTRIBUTION. India & Thailand. Map 4. CONSERVATION. A global conservation species assessment is difficult given the lack of collections in Burma. It is not known whether the disjunction in Burma is real or an artifact of collection intensity. In Thailand it has only been collected once. That area is now a town and no populations were seen during recent field work in December 1999. A conservation assessment for Thailand would be CR B1+B2 ab(i,ii,iii). NOTE: This species differs from all others in its larger leaves, larger flowers and very long stamens. The bracts on the top of the inflorescence are more conspicuous in the type than in Thai material. The present study shows the species to have a disjunct distribution in Assam, India and Ranong province, Thailand, while being absent, apparently, from Burma. In Thailand it has been collected only once near the Thai-Burmese border and has never been found again since. 9. Orthosiphon pseudoaristatus S. Suddee sp. nov., O. aristato (Blume) Miq. habitu similis sed foliis membranaceis, indumento albo mollique, et glandulis conspicuis sessilibus nigris in partibis vegetalis floralibusque dispositis differt. Typus: Chiang Mai, Sa meung, 700 m, 19 Oct. 1922, Kerr 6388 (holotypus BM!; isotypi 3 shts. BM!, SING!). Shrub to 2 m tall, indumentum of white soft hairs. Stems slender, woody at base, round-quadrangular, pubescent. Leaves subsessile on upper leaves, petiolate on lower leaves, membranous, ovate, 50 – 140 × 25 – 60 mm, apex acute or acuminate, base rounded or shortly cuneate, margin coarsely serrate, softly pubescent with black sessile glands on both sides; petioles up to 3 cm long on lower leaves, pubescent with black sessile glands. Inflorescence terminal, up to 20 cm long; axis pubescent with scattered black sessile glands; bracts grading into leaves, sessile, subtending 3 flowers, forming a small apical coma, persistent, lanceolate, up to 4 mm long, longer than the pedicel in flower, shorter or equal to the pedicel in fruit, acuminate, margin long ciliate, adaxial glabrous, abaxial pubescent with black sessile glands; pedicels 1.5 – 3 mm in flower, 4 mm in fruit. Calyx 2 – 3 mm long at anthesis, 8 – 9 mm long in fruit; posterior lip orbicular, rounded or apiculate at apex, margin ciliate, strongly reflexed in fruit, pubescent on both sides at anthesis, pubescent inside and glabrous 21 outside in fruit; anterior lip with median teeth subulate, slightly longer than posterior, lateral teeth cuspidate, ciliate, much shorter than median teeth; tube pubescent with black sessile glands outside, these later prominent at tube base, glabrescent to pubescent on posterior side inside; ner ves prominent. Corolla purple, 14 – 17 mm long; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe smaller, slightly emarginate; anterior lip concave, ± equal to the posterior; lobes pubescent with black sessile glands at back; tube cylindric, straight, 10 – 12 mm long, pubescent with scattered black sessile glands. Stamens exserted, anterior pair twice as long as anterior corolla lip. Style far exserted, much exceeding anterior stamens, capitate-clavate and slightly cleft at apex. Disc with anterior side welldeveloped, obtuse at apex, ± equal to and not exceeding ovar y. Nutlets ovoid or ellipsoid, 1.5 – 2 mm long, reticulate, producing mucilage when wet. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. THAILAND : Chiang Mai, Sa meung, 700 m, 19 Oct. 1922, Kerr 6388 (types 4 shts. BM, SING); Chiang Mai, Muang Distr., Doi Sutep – Pui National Park, south side, along Mae Hia Luang Stream, 950 m, 22 Aug. 1990, Maxwell 90-896 (A, PCMU); Chiang Mai, en route from sop Aep to Pha Mawn (Ban Yang), 700 – 900 m, 5 Oct. 1971, Murata et al. T-15555 (KYO); Chiang Mai, en route from Sop Aep to Pha Mawn (Ban Yang), 700 – 900 m, 1 Oct. 1971, Murata et al. T- 15599 (BKF, KYO); Chiang Mai, the south side of Wachirathan waterfall, Doi Inthanon, 700 – 860 m, 1 Aug. 1988, Takahashi T62662 (A). ECOLOGY. In mixed deciduous forest, moist and shaded areas by streams in evergreen forest; 700 – 950 m. Flowering and fruiting August – October. DISTRIBUTION. Endemic to Thailand. Map 3. CONSERVATION. Known from 5 localities all within protected areas. Decline is unlikely, although some localities may be affected by increasing tourism in the future. Estimated extent of occurrence is less than 200 km2. Near Threatened. NOTE. This species differs from Orthosiphon aristatus in its white, soft indumentum, and in the conspicuous black sessile glands on both vegetative and reproductive parts. The corolla is similar to that of O. aristatus but the median lobe of the posterior lip is smaller. 10. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. (1858: 943); Mukerjee (1940: 26); Sleesen (1959: 38); Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 640); Keng (1969: 132, f. 25a – f; 1978: 380); Cramer (1981: 125); Phuong (1982: 147); Budantsev (1999: 30). Type: as basionym below. Ocimum aristatum Blume (1826: 833), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: Java, Batavia, Blume 1091 (lectotype L!; isolectotypes L!, NY!). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 22 Erect or ascending perennial herb up to 2.5 m tall, rootstock woody. Stems quadrangular or roundquadrangular, glabrous to pubescent, branched, old stem sometimes whitish-grey, epidermis peeling. Leaves sessile, subsessile or petiolate, chartaceous, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 7 – 120 × 7 – 60 mm, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate or truncate, margin serrate or crenate-serrate, with sessile glands on both sides, pubescent on nerves otherwise glabrous or glabrescent, puberulous to pubescent all over; petioles up to 30 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescence terminal, up to 30 cm long; axis pubescent; bracts sessile, subtending 2 – 3 flowers, forming a small apical coma, mostly persistent, ovate to broadly ovate, up to 5 mm long, sometimes very short, wider than long, shorter than the pedicel in flower and fruit, acute, acuminate, cuspidate, apiculate or truncate at apex, margin ciliate, adaxial glabrous or glabrescent, abaxial pubescent with sessile glands; pedicels 3 – 5 mm long in flower, 4 – 6 mm long in fruit, pubescent. Calyx 3 – 8 mm long at anthesis, 6 – 15 mm long in KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) fruit; posterior lip orbicular, ovate or obovate, apex rounded, acute or obtuse, mostly glabrous on both sides, occasionally pubescent on nerves on inner side; anterior lip with median teeth subulate, longer than posterior, lateral much shorter than median teeth, varying from truncate-apiculate to shortly cuspidate; tube pubescent with sessile glands outside, sometimes constricted above ovary and widely expanded at throat. Corolla blue or purple, 12 – 35 mm long; posterior lip 3-lobed, midlobe broadest, emarginate; anterior lip oblong, ± equal in length to the posterior, concave, more or less straight; tube slender, 10 – 20 mm long, pubescent, not or slightly dilated at throat. Stamens far exserted, anterior slightly longer, more than twice as long as anterior corolla lip. Style slightly longer than anterior stamens, clavate and slightly cleft at apex. Disc with anterior side well-developed, obtuse or truncate at apex, equal to or exceeding ovary. Nutlets oblong or ellipsoid, 1.5 – 2 mm long, reticulate, sometimes producing mucilage when wet. Key to the varieties of O. aristatus 1. Leaves petiolate, base cuneate; bracts acute, acuminate or cuspidate at apex · · · · · · · · · · · · · i. var. aristatus 1. Leaves sessile or subsessile, base usually truncate; bracts truncate or apiculate at apex · · · · · · · ii. var. velteri i. var. aristatus Clerodendrum spicatum Thunb. (1825: 22). Type: Indonesia, Java, Thunberg s.n. [holotype S (microfiche IDC 1036 no. 14597!)]. Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li (1974: 233); Hsuan (1977: 574. f. 123, 1 – 7); Li & Hedge (1994: 299). Type: as for Clerodendrum spicatum. Ocimum grandiflorum Blume (1826: 835) non Lam. (1785), as ‘Ocymum’, nom. illeg. Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (1830b: 15; 1832: 29; 1848: 52); Hook. f. (1885: 615); Muschler & Hosseus (1910: 501); Craib (1912: 168); Dunn (1915: 135); Ridl (1923: 645); Doan (1936: 939), excl. syn. Trichostema spirale. Type: Burma, Taong Dong Avae, 26 Nov. 1826, Wall. Cat. 2727A [syntypes G-DC (microfiche!), K! (Herb. Benthamianum), KW!]; Burma, Attran, Martabania (Martaban), 16 May 1827, Wall. Cat. 2727B [syntypes K! (Herb. Benthamianum), K-W!]. Clerodendranthus stamineus (Benth.) Kudo (1929: 117). Type: as for O. stamineus Benth. Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. var. angustifolia Benth. (1848: 53). Type: Philippines, Cuming 734 [syntypes K! (Herb. Benthamianum), K! (Herb. Hookerianum)]. Orthosiphon tomentosus Teijsm & Binn. (1866: 132) non Benth. (1830), nom. illeg. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 Orthosiphon grandiflorus Bold. (1916: 110) non Terrac. (1892), nom. illeg. Orthosiphon spiralis sensu auctt. Merr. (1925: 137; 1935: 344), (non Trichostemna spirale Lour. 1790); Murata (1971: 511); Phuong (1995: 41; 2000: 82). Orthosiphon spicatus (Thunb.) Back., Bakh. f. & Steenis (1950: 359) non Benth. (1848), nom. illeg. Orthosiphon tagawae Murata (1970: 110, f. 7 & f. 8, 1 – 4), as ‘tagawai’; (1971: 511). Type: Thailand, Chiang Mai, Doi Chiang Dao, 500 – 600 m, 12 Sept. 1966, Tagawa et al. T-9855 (holotype KYO!), synon. nov. Stems branched. Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovatelanceolate, 25 – 120 × 15 – 60 mm, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate; petioles 5 – 30 mm long. Bracts mostly persistent, ovate to broadly ovate, up to 5 mm long, apex acute, acuminate or cuspidate. Calyx 4 – 8 mm long at anthesis, 6 – 15 mm long in fruit. Corolla purple, 12 – 35 mm long; tube 10 – 20 mm long. Nutlets oblong or ellipsoid, 1.5 – 2 mm long, reticulate. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BURMA: Gokteik, Hsipaw Distr., 840 m, Oct. 1939, Dickason 9514 (A); Upper Chindwin, Paungbyin Road, 180 m, 21 Aug. 1908, Lace 4211 (2 shts. E, K); Maymyo Plateau, 1050 m, 25 June 1911, Lace 5296 (E, K); Taungbaw Hill, Meiktila TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE Distr., 750 m, 21 Oct. 1936, Smith 16281 (K). CAMBODIA: Angkor, 1 June 1909, D’Alleizette s.n. (L); Battambang, entre Svai Chek et Thmor Pouk, 22 Oct. 1927, Poilane 14327 (P). LAOS: Sayabouri, Mekong, below Pak Lai, July 1929, Kingdon-Ward 9022 (NY); Louang Prabang, Muong You, 1000 m, 13 July 1914, Perrot 40 (P); Vientiane, Ban Keun Road, 180 m, 24 July 1955, Talbot de Malahide 50 (BM); Sekone, Phou Chieng, 10 Sept. 1952, Vidal 1870 (P). THAILAND: Nakhon Ratchasima, Pak Thong Chai, Sakaerat For. Res. along Huai Krae stream, c. 14°45'N 102°00'E, c. 400 m, 30 Oct. 1969, Beusekom & Charoenpol 1912 (AAU, BKF, E, L, P); Satun, Baripath Waterfall, 70 km N of Satun, 7°02'N 100°11'E, 16 Oct. 1970, Charoenphol, Larsen & Warncke 3885 (AAU, BKF, K); Chiang Rai, right bank of Me Kok below old river bed E of Chiang Rai town, c. 375 m, 17 Aug. 1924, Garrett 184 (A, BKF, 2 shts. BM, K, SING); Phitsanulok, Tung Salaeng Luang, 600 m, 19 July 1966, Larsen, Smitinand & Warncke 509 (paratype of O. tagawae; AAU); Chanthaburi, Taka Mao Falls N of Chanthaburi, 13°00'N 102°10'E, 100 – 300 m, 25 Aug. 1972, Larsen et al. 31943 (AAU, BKF, K, KYO, L); Kanchanaburi, Thung Yai Narasuarn Wildlife Sanctuary, on way to Ban Saneh Pawng, 15°11'N 98°28'E, 400 m, 2 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 891 (BKF, K, TCD). VIETNAM: Thua Thien, environs de Hue, Recu le 13 April 1916, Eberhardt 2414 (A, P); Kien Giang, Phu Quoc, Plantes recuei par M. Goderfroy en 1875, Harmand 617 (A, K, P, 3 shts. HM); Tay Ninh, 5 Nov. 1919, Poilane 728 (2 shts. HM, K, P); Hue, route River, sea level, May 1922, Squires 234 (BM, K, P); Dong Nai, Station Research pour Forestry & Agriculture, Bien Hoa, Trang Bom, 17 Dec. 1957, Walker 8041 (US). ECOLOGY. In various forest types, waste areas by roadside, edges of forests, often cultivated; from sea level – 1600 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round. DISTRIBUTION. Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam. Map 4. VERNACULAR NAMES. Burmese: Kant gyok. Cambodian: Kapen Prey, Mo Ni Mer Cla. Laotian: Ya Kwang, Nouat Mèo. Thai: Yaa Nuad Maew (Central & Northern), Nuad Maew Tua Mia (Loei), Chatra Phra Inn (Central), Bang Rak Paa (Prachuap Khiri Khan). Vietnamese: Hobau Kodreng Koweng, Cay E Muoi, Cay E Nui, Nao, Rau Meo. USES. In Thailand the leaves are pounded up, warmed over a fire while wrapped in bamboo leaves, and put on bruised or sprained ankles (Anderson 5644: PCMU). The root or the whole plant is used for decoction in northern Thailand (Bjornland, Brun & Schumacher 10: C; Brun & Schumacher 524: C). The leaves are used for kidney disease and urinary tract problems (Nanakorn, Hans & Beck 88-164: NY). This species is also cultivated as an ornamental pot plant in most parts of Thailand. NOTE. The species has long been cultivated in SE Asia as an ornamental plant and for medicinal purposes. 23 The name Orthosiphon spiralis (Lour.) Merr. has been used by some botanists (Merrill 1925, 1935; Murata 1971). The identity of Trichostema spirale Lour. (1790) is still unknown as the type has yet to be found; there is no specimen in either P or BM. Loureiro’s description is insufficient for identification as it could fit several genera of Lamiaceae; a proposal to reject the name Trichostema spirale has been submitted (Suddee & Paton 2004). After the doubtful Trichostema spirale, Clerodendrum spicatum Thunb. (1825) is the earliest available name. However, there was a prior use of Orthosiphon spicatus Benth. (1848). Ocimum aristatum Blume (1826) is the earliest name available and Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. (1858) is therefore the correct name for the species. ii. var. velteri S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, var. nov., O. aristato var. aristato similis sed statura minore, foliis sessilibus vel subsessilibus nec petiolatis ovatis nec ovato-lanceolatis ad basin plerumque truncatis nec cuneatis, bracteis ad apicem truncatis vel apiculatis nec acutis nec acuminatis nec cuspidatis differt. Typus: Vietnam, Khanh Hoa, Nha Trang, 6 April 1922, Poilane 2905 (holotypus P!). Orthosiphon velteri Doan (1936: 936, f. 99, 1 – 10), as ‘velterii’, nom. ival.; Phuong (1982: 148, as ‘velterii’; 1995: 41, as ‘velterii’); Budantsev (1999: 31), as ‘velterii’; Phuong (2000: 78), as ‘velterii’. Stems much branched, old stems whitish-grey. Leaves sessile or subsessile, ovate, 7 – 20 × 7 – 15 mm, apex acute, base truncate or shortly cuneate. Bracts persistent, very short, wider than long, apex crenate, truncate or apiculate. Calyx 3 – 4 mm long at anthesis, 7 – 8 mm long in fruit. Corolla blue, 15 – 20 mm long; tube 10 – 12 mm long. Nutlets ellipsoid, 2 mm long, minutely reticulate. NOTE. This variety is distinguished by its smaller size, the sessile or subsessile, ovate and usually truncate leaves, and the truncate bracts. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. VIETNAM : Tourane (Da Nang), Jan. 1837, Gaudichaud 132 (P); Hue, Tombeau de TuDuc, Feb. – April, Recu le 20 Dec. 1920, Couderc s.n. (3 shts. P); Quang Tri, Village de Gia Binh, 19 April 1936, Petelot 6046 (A, BM, HM); Khanh Hoa, Nha Trang, 6 April 1922, Poilane 2905 (holotype P). ECOLOGY. Unknown. Flowering and fruiting December – April. DISTRIBUTION. Endemic to Vietnam. Map 3. CONSERVATION. Known from 4 localities and last collected in 1936. Growing in coastal Vietnam near highly populated areas. Estimated extent of occurrence is around 600 km2. EN B1+2 ab(i,ii). VERNACULAR NAME. Vietnamese: Trucquan Velter. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 24 8. Ocimum Ocimum L. (1753: 597; 1754: 259); Lour. (1790: 369), as ‘Ocymum’; Benth. (1830b: 13, as ‘Ocymum’; 1832: 1, as ‘Ocymum’; 1848: 31; 1876: 1171); Hook. f. (1885: 607); Briq. (1897: 369); Ridl. (1923: 643); Kudo (1929: 112); Doan (1936: 918); Mukerjee (1940: 17); Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 638); Keng (1969: 125; 1978: 376); Cramer (1981: 111); Paton (1992: 409); Paton et al. (1999: 26). Lectotype species: Ocimum basilicum L. Becium Lindl. (1842: 42); Paton (1995: 205). Type species: Becium bicolor Lindl. (= Ocimum grandiflorum Lam.). Erythrochlamys Gürke (1894: 222). Type species: E. spectabilis Gürke. For further African generic and specific synonyms see Paton (1992, Paton et al. 1999). These works do not deal with Asiatic synonyms in great detail. NOTE. Erect annual or perennial herbs or undershrubs, usually aromatic. Stems quadrangular or roundquadrandgular, often woody at base and much branched. Leaves petiolate, opposite, membranous to chartaceous, margin entire to serrate. Inflorescence terminal, simple or branched at base; verticils clearly interrupted; cymes sessile, unbranched, 3-flowered; bracts small or large, clawed or subsessile, sometimes forming an apical KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) coma, caducous, sometimes leaving a prominent circular persistent gland at base. Calyx ovoid or campanulate in flower and fruit, bilabiate, reflexed against the inflorescence axis in fruit; posterior lip broad, 1-lobed, orbicular or obovate, strongly reflexed and decurrent on tube in fruit; anterior lip 4-lobed, unequal, usually curved upwards and sometimes closing throat, equal or longer than posterior, teeth of lateral lobes deltoid or lanceolate, sometimes fringed, sinuate or with a row of many minute teeth, teeth of median lobes lanceolate or aristate; tube rarely constricted at throat, with 10 longitudinal veins; throat glabrous or with a ring of hairs. Corolla subequal to or exserted from calyx tube; posterior lip erect, subequally 4-lobed; anterior lip longer, horizontal, flat or concave, entire; tube straight, dorsally gibbous at midpoint, dilated towards throat. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate, exserted, subequal or with the anterior ones slightly longer; posterior attached near the base of corolla tube, appendiculate with a glabrous or hairy transverse process or with a tuft of hairs near base; anterior usually attached near the corolla throat, glabrous and inappendiculate; filaments free; anthers synthecous, often confluent. Ovary glabrous. Style declinate, bifid with branches usually subequal, subulate and flattened. Disc more or less equally 4lobed. Nutlets obovoid, oblong, ellipsoid or subglobose, smooth or finely warty, sometimes producing mucilage when wet. Key to continental SE Asian species of Ocimum 1. Teeth of lateral fruiting calyx lobes distinct, deltoid or lanceolate; bract without bowl-like gland developing 2. Throat of fruiting calyx closed by the upcurved 2 median teeth of anterior lip, anterior much shorter than posterior; mostly shrubs or undershrubs · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1. O. gratissimum 2. Throat of fruiting calyx open, the 2 median teeth of anterior lip as long as or longer than posterior; mostly herbs with stems woody at base 3. Calyx tube glabrous or thinly covered with minute glandular hairs inside; nutlets unchanged when wet · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 2. O. tenuiflorum 3. Calyx tube with a ring of hairs at throat inside; nutlets producing mucilage when wet 4. Flower with pedicel nearly as long as calyx; appendage of posterior stamens hairy · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 3. O. kilimandscharicum 4. Flower with pedicel much shorter than calyx; appendage of posterior stamens glabrous 5. Fruiting calyx up to 5 mm long; corolla 4 – 5.5 mm long 6. Fruiting calyx 2 – 3 mm long; stem internodes with short adpressed or retrose hairs · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4. O. americanum 6. Fruiting calyx 4 – 5.5 mm long; stem internodes with long, spreading and sometimes retrorse hairs · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5. O. africanum 5. Fruiting calyx 6 – 8 mm long; corolla 7 – 8 mm long · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6. O. basilicum 1. Teeth of lateral fruiting calyx lobes obscure, fringed with a row of many minute teeth; bract caducous, with bowl-like gland developing in the scar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 7. O. filamentosum © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 1. Ocimum gratissimum L. (1753: 1197), as ‘Ocymum’; Jacq. (1792: 7 , t. 495.), as ‘Ocymum’; Benth (1830b: 14, as ‘Ocymum’; 1832: 7, as ‘Ocymum’; 1848: 34); Hook. f. (1885: 608); Ridl. (1923: 644); Doan (1936: 919, f. 96, 4 – 5); Mukerjee (1940: 20); Murata (1966: 279); Keng (1969: 128); Li (1977: 564); Keng (1978: 377); Cramer (1981: 112); Phuong (1982: 146); Press (1982: 160); Paton (1992: 411); Hô (1993: 1067); Phuong (1995: 41); Paton et al. (1999: 26); Phuong (2000: 91). Type: cultivated in Uppsala, originally from India, Linnean Herbarium 749.2 [neotype LINN, (microfiche!)]. Perennial herbs, undershrubs or shrubs up to 2 m tall. Stems usually woody at base, round-quadrangular, glabrous, glabrescent or pubescent. Leaves spreading or ascending, ovate or elliptic-ovate, 25 – 100 × 12 – 60 mm, apex acute, base cuneate or attenuate, margin sparsely serrate, glandular-punctate or not, glabrous, pubescent or tomentose on both sides, sometimes glabrous or puberulent above, with scattered hairs restricted to veins beneath; petiole 10 – 50 mm long, 25 slender, glabrous or pubescent. Inflorescence lax or dense, verticils up to 10 mm apart, axis glabrous or softly pubescent; bracts caducous, ovate with very broad base, 2 – 5 mm long, apex acuminate, base cuneate or sessile, margin ciliate, pubescent on both sides, with 3 nerves at base; pedicels 2 – 3 mm long, recurved, pubescent. Calyx 2 – 3 mm long at anthesis, 3 – 4 mm long in fruit; posterior lip rounded, accrescent, decurrent on tube, apex pointed; anterior lip much shorter than posterior, the 2 lateral teeth acute, level with or below the 2 median teeth which are pressed against the posterior lip; throat closed; tube with short patent hairs with or without sessile glands outside, pubescent inside. Corolla greenishwhite, 3 – 4 mm long, lobes obscurely crenate, with hairs on back, with or without sessile glands; posterior lip oblong, lobes equal; anterior lip boat shaped; tube straight, puberulous outside, glabrous inside. Stamens with posterior pair having a hairy transverse process near base. Nutlets brown, subglobose, minutely tuberculate, producing mucilage when wet. Key to the varieties of O. gratissimum 1. Leaves pubescent or tomentose on both sides · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · i. var. gratissimum 1. Leaves glabrous or subglabrous above, with hairs restricted to veins otherwise glabrous beneath · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ii. var. macrophyllum i. var. gratissimum Ocimum frutescens Mill. (1768: 6) non L. (1753), nom. illeg. Ocimum petiolare Lam. (1785: 385), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: probably cultivated in Botanic Garden, Paris, Lamarck s.n. [syntype P-LA (microfiche!)]. Ocimum tenuiflorum sensu Lam. (1785: 386) non L. (1753), as ‘Ocymum’ (the 2 shts. in P-LA are O. gratissimum var. gratissimum). Ocimum urticifolium Roth (1800: 52), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: unknown, probably from India (probably in B and destroyed). Ocimum viridiflorum Roth (1800: 54), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: unknown, probably from India (probably in B and destroyed). Ocimum viride Willd. (1809: 629); Benth. (1832: 7), as ‘Ocymum’; Benth. (1848: 34). Type: cultivated in Berlin Botanical Garden, unknown origin, Willdenow Herbarium 11063 [lectotype B-W (microfiche!), photos K!). Ocimum suave Willd. (1809: 629); Benth. (1832: 7), as ‘Ocymum’; Benth. (1848: 35). Type: cultivated in Berlin Botanic Garden, unknown origin, Willdenow Herbarium 11060 [lectotype B-W (microfiche!)]. Ocimum gratissimum L. var. suave (Willd.) Hook. f. (1885: 609), as ‘suavis’; Li (1977: 564); Cramer (1981: 113); Li & Hedge (1994: 297). Type: as O. suave. Ocimum febrifugum Lindl. (1823: t. 753), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: cultivated in Chiswick, London, from seed transmitted in 1821 by Mr George Don from Sierra Leone to the Horticultural Society (type probably in CGE). Ocimum guineense Schumach. & Thonn. (1827: 264), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: Ghana Ada, Thonning 23 [holotype c. (microfiche!)]. Ocimum villosum Weinm. (1824: 121). Type: Unknown locality (type probably in LE). Ocimum paniculatum Boj. (1837: 253), nom. nud. Ocimum anosurum Fenzl (1844: 312), nom nud. Shrubs or undershrubs. Stems woody at base, pubescent. Leaves pubescent or tomentose on both sides. Inflorescence dense; axis softly pubescent. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. VIETNAM : Hai Phong, Cat Hai, Cat Ba, 23 Dec. 1986, LX-VN 3400 (LE); Vinh Phu, Thanh Ba, Cau Hai, 1 Dec. 1981, Nong Van Tiep 2369 (HNU); Hanoi, College of Phamacy, 19 Nov. 1998, Suddee 1139 (BKF); Langson, Chi Lang, Dong Mo, 24 May 1981, Tran Dinh Nghia T-874 (HNU); Noi Hai, Ha Giang, Nguoi Hai, 13 Jan. 1962, Vu Ngoc Lo 968 (HNIP). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 26 Waste grounds, often cultivated for medicinal purposes. Flowering and fruiting May – December. DISTRIBUTION. Widespread in tropical America, tropical Africa, tropical India and SE Asia, often cultivated. VERNACULAR NAMES. Vietnamese: Huong Nhu, Cay Huong, Cay, Huong Nhu Trang. USES. The species is cultivated for medicinal purposes and for research in the College of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam (Suddee & Meade 1139: BKF). ECOLOGY. ii. var. macrophyllum Briq. (1894: 120); Paton (1992: 417); Paton et al. (1999: 26). Type: Madagascar, Bourbon, Boivin s.n. (lectotype G, photo of type K!). Ocimum gratissimum sensu auctt. Hook. f. (1885: 608), excl. var.; Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 639), pro parte, quoad f. graveolens Back.; Keng (1969: 128, pro parte; 1978: 377, pro parte). Erect perennial herbs or undershrubs. Stems sometimes woody at base, glabrous or glabrescent. Leaves glabrous or puberulent above, with scattered hairs restricted to veins beneath. Inflorescence lax; axis glabrous or glabrescent. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMBODIA : Kompong Thom, 20 Feb. 1928, Poilane 14808 (K, P); Chambok et Pum Lovea, Kompong speu, 11 June 1930, Poilane 17513 (HM, P). THAILAND : Kanchanaburi, Si Sawat, 14°45'N 98°55'E, 150 m, 6 Nov. 1971, Beusekom et al. 3470 (BKF, C, K, L, P). ECOLOGY. In open waste ground, often cultivated; sea level up to 600 m. Flowering and fruiting January – December. DISTRIBUTION. Tropical Africa, tropical America, Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Indochina, Malaysia. VERNACULAR NAMES. Laos: Hawsapa, Boua La Pha. Thai: Ka Phrao Yuan (Bangkok); Ka Phrao Yai, Chan Khao (Lampang); Chan Kheekai, Niam Ton (Mae Hong Son); Chan, Chan Hom, Niam (Chiang Mai); Yeeraa, Horaphaa Chaang (Central); Sa-Lee-Dee (Karen-Mae Hong Son); Pho Chae Bo (Mae Sot, Tak); Hera (Surat Thani). Vietnamese: Rau e Lon La, Ling Bak, Huong Nhu. USES. In Thailand, this species is used for medicinal purposes (Chit 22: BKF). The leaves are used as a curry ingredient (Collins 1399: BM). Leaves are soaked or boiled in water and used by the Karen to bathe children (Anderson 5449: PCMU). 2. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (1753: 597); Benth. (1832: 12; 1848: 39); Keng (1978: 378); Press (1982: 160); Keng (1990: 197); Paton (1992: 432); Hô (1993: © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) 1067); Phuong (1995: 41); Budantsev (1999: 29); Clement (1999: 1002); Phuong (2000: 78). Type: cultivated in Uppsala, Linnean Herbarium 749.13 [lectotype LINN (microfiche!)]. Lumnitzera tenuiflora (L.) Spreng. (1825: 687). Type: as for O. tenuiflorum. Moschosma tenuiflora (L.) Heynh. (1840: 532), as ‘tenuiflorum’. Type: as for O. tenuiflorum. Ocimum sanctum L. (1767: 85 ), as ‘Ocymum’; Benth. (1830b: 14; 1832: 11), as ‘Ocymum’; Benth. (1848: 38); Hook. f. (1885: 609); Muschler & Hosseus (1910: 501); Ridl. (1923: 643); Kudo (1929: 114); Merr. (1935: 343); Doan (1936: 921, f. 96, 6 – 7); Mukerjee (1940: 19); Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 639); Keng (1969: 130, f. 24a – g); Murata (1971: 510); Li (1977: 566, f. 121, 1 – 8); Cramer (1981: 116); Phuong (1982: 146); Li & Hedge (1994: 297). Type: cultivated in Uppsala, Linnean Herbarium 749.7 [lectotype LINN (microfiche!)]. Ocimum monachorum L. (1767: 85), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: Unknown origin, cultivated in Uppsala (there is no specimen in LINN or S). Illustration of “Ocimum caryophyllum monochorum Acinos columnea” in Bauhin & Cherler (1651: 260) (lectotype illustration!). Plectranthus monachorum (L.) Spreng. (1825: 690). Type: as for O. monachorum. Ocimum fructescens sensu Burm. f. (1768: 129) (non L. 1753). Ocimum inodorum Burm. f. (1768: 130). Type: Illustration in Burman (1737: 174, t. 80, f. 2) (illustration!, lectotype chosen here). Ocimum tomentosum Lam. (1785 : 387), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: Lamarck s.n [holotype P-LA (microfiche!)]. Ocimum gratissimum sensu Lour. (1790: 369) (non L. 1753). Ocimum hirsutum Benth. (1830b: 14), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: India, Courtallum, Wall. Cat. 2717A [K! (Herb. Benthamianum), 2 lower specimens, lectotype chosen here; isolectotype K-W!, parte, quoad upper 2 specimens]. Ocimum sanctum L. var. hirsutum (Benth.) Hook. f. (1885: 609), as ‘hirsuta’. Type: as for O. hirsutum. Ocimum villosum Roxb. (1814: 44; 1832: 13), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: Soladi tirtava, illustration in Rheede (1690: 173) (illustration!, lectotype chosen here). Ocimum album Blanco (1837: 479), as ‘Ocymum’. Ocimum flexuosum sensu Blanco (1837: 481), as ‘Ocymum’. Ocimum nelsonii Zipp. ex Spanoghe (1841: 333), nom. nud. Ocimum virgatum Blanco (1845: 334), as ‘Ocymum’. Ocimum brachiatum sensu Hassk. (1848: 471) (non Blume 1826). Plectranthus striatus sensu Muschler & Hosseus (1910: 500) (non Benth. 1830). TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE Short lived perennial herbs up to 1 m tall. Stems round-quadrangular, hirsute, sometimes with sessile or subsessile glands. Leaves spreading, elliptic, oblong or ovate-oblong, 5 – 45 × 5 – 20 mm, apex obtuse or acute, base obtuse, margin coarsely serrate, glandularpunctate, glabrous or puberulous above, with adpressed hairs restricted to veins beneath; petiole 4 – 15 mm long, hirsute. Inflorescence lax or dense, verticils 5 – 10 mm apart, axis hirsute; bracts ovate 2 – 3 × 2 – 4 mm, apex acute, acuminate or cuspidate, base cuneate, sometimes subsessile, margin ciliate, abaxial with 3 conspicuous nerves, pubescent; pedicels 2.5 – 4 mm long in fruit, slender, pubescent, nearly as long as calyx. Calyx 1 – 1.5 mm long at anthesis, 3 – 4 mm long in fruit; posterior lip rounded, sometimes with apiculate apex; anterior lip with 2 median lanceolate teeth curved upwards, longer than the 2 lateral teeth and the posterior lip; throat open; tube with patent hairs, with sessile or subsessile glands outside, glabrous or with very fine minute glandular hairs inside. Corolla purplish-red, 2 – 3 mm long, lobes pubescent on back; posterior lip with the 2 obovateoblong median lobes slightly longer than the 2 oblong lateral lobes; anterior lip obovate-oblong; tube glabrous on both sides. Stamens with posterior pair having a small tuft of hairs at base. Nutlets brown, ovoid-oblong, smooth, unchanged when wet. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BURMA : Prome forest, Irawaddi, 1826, Wall. Cat. 2716A (G-DC, K, K-W). CAMBODIA : Kom Pong Speu, 1 June 1930, Poilane 17385 (HM, K, P, US). LAOS: Luang Prabang, 30 Dec. 1953, Vidal 2537 (P). THAILAND: Nakhon Sawan, c. 20 km S of Nakhon Sawan, c. 150 m, 20 July 1973. Murata, Fukuoka & Phengkhlai T-16566 (BKF, C, KYO, L, P). VIETNAM : Tourane, c. 100 km S of Hue, June 1927, Clemens 3671 (A, BM, NY, P). ECOLOGY. In waste ground, open places; from sea level up to 1200 m. Flowering and fruiting January – December. DISTRIBUTION. Africa, SW Asia, Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, China, Burma, Thailand, Indochina, Philippines, throughout Malaysia and Indonesia, often cultivated. VERNACULAR NAMES. Burmese: Lun, Pinsein-net, Kalapinsein. Cambodian: Che Tak, Che Tak Me. Laos: Sa Phao Lom Deng, Sa Phao Lom Khao, Phak I Tou Thai. Thai: Komko, Komko Dong (Chiang Mai); Ka Phrao, Ka Phrao Khaao, Ka Phrao Daeng (Central); Ho-Kwo-Suu, Ho-Tuu-Pluu (Karen-Mae Hong Son); Im-Khim-Lam (Shan-Mae Hong Son). Vietnamese: E Rung, E Tia, E Do, Huongnhu Tia, Cay E Tia, Cay Co E Rung, E To. USES. This species is used as medicine to cure asthma in Cambodia (Geoffray 369: P) and to cure coughs in Vietnam (Squire 350: BM, E, P). In Thailand, the dried 27 and crushed leaves are used to prevent pain or to cure stomach problems (Brun & Schumacher 85: C). NOTE. In his original description of Ocimum hirsutum Bentham cited localities Courtallum and Palamcotta. The specimens in K-W, Wall. Cat. 2717 are mixed, with specimens from two different gatherings. Specimens Wall. Cat. 2717A are from Courtallum. The specimens from Palamcotta, Wall. Cat. 2717C appear to be Endostemon viscosus. 3. Ocimum kilimandscharicum Baker ex Gürke (1895: 349); Paton (1992: 422); Paton et al. (1999: 24). Type: Tanzania, between Meru and Kilimanjaro, Volkens 756 (lectotype K!). Perennial herbs up to 1 m tall. Stems round-quadrangular, hirsute with sessile glands; indumentum of white long spreading hairs, becoming denser on inflorescence axis. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 25 – 40 × 10 – 20 mm, apex obtuse or acute, base obtuse or cuneate, margin serrate, pubescent with white hairs on both sides, much denser and longer on veins beneath, veins grooved above, raised beneath; petiole 10 – 20 mm long, hirsute with white long spreading hairs. Inflorescence dense, verticils 2 – 10 mm apart; bracts ovate, 3 – 3.5 × 2 – 2.5 mm, apex acuminate, base attenuate, margin serrate with long white hairs; pedicel 2 – 3 mm long in fruit, hirsute with white long hairs. Calyx 2 – 3.5 mm long at anthesis, 3 – 4.5 mm long in fruit; posterior lip rounded, pubescent inside, glabrous on back with yellow sessile glands confined at base near pedicel; anterior lip with 2 median lanceolate teeth curved upwards, longer than the 2 lateral teeth, more or less equal to posterior; throat open; tube pubescent outside with or without sessile glands, with a ring of hairs at throat inside. Corolla white, tinted purple, 3 – 4 mm long, lobes pubescent on back; posterior lip with 2 ovate-oblong median lobes slightly larger than the 2 lateral lobes; anterior lip oblong; tube glabrous both sides. Stamens with posterior pair having a transverse hairy process near base. Nutlet black, ovoid, smooth or minutely tuberculate, producing mucilage when wet. Cultivated. Africa, India, Burma and Thailand, often cultivated. VERNACULAR NAMES. Thai: Ka phrao khaek (Bangkok); Ka phrao India (Prachin Buri). SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BURMA : Minbu, Thonsapin, Nov. 1902, Mokim 620 (G). THAILAND : Chon Buri, Sriracha, c. 30 m, 24 Sept. 1955, Smitinand 3038 (ABD, BKF). NOTE. Plants imported from India in 1953, cultivated in Thailand [ex Smitinand 3038 (BKF)]. ECOLOGY. DISTRIBUTION. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 28 4. Ocimum americanum L. (1755: 15), as ‘Ocymum’; Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 640); Keng (1969: 126); Li (1977: 560); Keng (1978: 376); Press (1982: 160); Keng (1990: 197); Li & Hedge (1994: 296); Phuong (1995: 40); Paton & Putievsky (1996: 513) pro parte; Clement (1999: 1001); Phuong (2000: 87). Type: America, Linnean Herbarium 749.9. [lectotype LINN (microfiche!)]. Epitype: Kerala, 10 Nov, 1972, Pushpangadan & Sobti 1 (epitype K!; isoepitype: Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu). Ocimum album sensu Roxb. (1814: 44, 1832: 15) non L. (1767). Ocimum canum Sims (1823: t. 2452); Benth. (1830b: 13; 1832: 3) as ‘Ocymum’; Benth. (1848: 32); Hook. f. (1885: 607); Ridl. (1923: 644); Kudo (1929: 113); Mukerjee (1940: 17); Murata (1966: 279); Cramer (1981: 114). Type: cultivated, seed from China, illustrated in Bot. Mag.: t. 2452 (1823) (lectotype illustration!). Epitype: Kerala, Pushpangadan & Sobi 1 (epitype K!; isoepitype, Regional Research Laboratory, Jummu). Ocimum stamineum Sims (1823: t. 2452). Type: as for O. canum (two names based on the same plate, the name on the top of the page is O. canum but in the text is O. stamineum). Ocimum brachiatum Blume (1826: 833), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: Batavia, Blume s.n., Feb. 1839 (lectotype L!, selected by Keng, July 1964; isolectotype L!). Ocimum fluminense Vell. (1827: 243, t. 11), as ‘Ocymum’. Ocimum hispidulum Schumach. & Thonn. (1827: 266), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: Ghana, Thonning 295 [isotype c. (microfiche!)]. Ocimum incanescens Mart. (1828: 790). Type: Bahia, Brazil, Martius s.n. (M!). Ocimum dichotomum Hochst. ex Benth. (1848: 39). Type: Sudan, Kordofan, Arasch Kool, Kotschy 73 [lectotype K!; isolectotypes BM, G-DC (microfiche!), L!, TCD!]. Ocimum americanum var. americanum; Paton (1992: 424); Paton et al. (1999: 25). Aromatic, annual or short lived perennial herbs, 10 – 40 cm tall. Stems sometimes ascending, roundquadrangular, with short adpressed or retrose hairs. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5 – 25 × 5 – 15 mm, apex acute, base cuneate, margin entire or sparsely serrate, glandular-punctate, glabrous or slightly pubescent above, pubescent with longer hairs on midrib and lateral veins beneath; petiole 2 – 15 mm long, slender, pubescent with short antrose and long patent hairs. Inflorescence lax, verticils up to 10 mm apart, axis densely pubescent with retrose hairs; bracts ovate, 3 – 4 mm long, apex acute or acuminate, base attenuate, margin pilose, glandular-punctate; pedicels recurved, 1 – 2 mm long, shorter than fruiting calyx, finely patent-pubescent. Calyx © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) campanulate, 1.5 – 2 mm long at anthesis, 2 – 3 mm long in fruit; posterior lip rounded, decurrent on tube, sometimes apiculate at apex; anterior lip with 2 median lanceolate, acuminate teeth, slightly longer than posterior, lateral teeth broad deltoid, acute, almost equal to posterior; throat open; tube with or without sessile glands outside, with a ring of dense villous hairs at throat and glabrous base inside. Corolla white or light purple, 4 – 5 mm long; lobes entire, villous on back, with or without sessile glands; posterior lip with 2 median oblong lobes and 2 lateral obovate-oblong lobes; anterior lip boat shaped, oblong or ovate-oblong in outline; tube straight, glabrous on both sides. Stamens with posterior having a glabrous tranverse process near base. Nutlets black, narrowly oblong, 0.8 – 1 mm long, minutely tuberculate, producing mucilage when wet. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BURMA: Tong Dong, 23 Nov. 1826, Wall. Cat. 2714B (G-DC, K-W). THAILAND : Prachuap Khiri Khan, Hua Hin, Had Sai Noi, sea level, 6 Aug. 1989, Na Songkhla 633 (BCU, K). VIETNAM: Nha Trang, Phu Khanh, 12°12'N 108°58'E, 6 Sept. 1986, Averyanov & Kudryavtzeva 9 (LE). DISTRIBUTION. Madagascar, Tropical Africa, Arabia, Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, China, Burma, Thailand, Indochina, throughout Malesia and Indonesia, often cultivated. ECOLOGY. Open waste areas, along beaches, often cultivated; from sea level to 450 m. Flowering and fruiting January – December. VERNACULAR NAMES. Thai: Mang Lahk Nah (Jawm Tong, Chiang Mai); Maeng Ka Saeng (Prachuap Khiri Khan). Vietnamese: E Hoang. USES. Leaves are used as insect repellant by local people in Thailand (Na Songkhla 563: BCU, K). NOTE. Most authors using the name Ocimum americanum have applied it to both O. americanum and O. africanum as circumscribed here. 5. Ocimum africanum Lour. (1790: 370), as ‘Ocymum’; Merr. (1935: 343). Type: South Vietnam. (not found, no specimen at P or BM). Neotype chosen here: [Vietnam] Cochinchine, Talmy 76 (Neotype, K; isoneotype, P). Ocimum pilosum Willd. (1809: 629). Type: Unknown locality, Willdenow Herbarium 11064 [lectotype B-W, chosen by A. J. Paton (microfiche!), photos K!]. Ocimum americanum L. (1755: 15) pro parte sensu auctt. Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 640); Keng (1969: 126); Li (1977: 560); Keng (1978: 376); Press (1982: 160); Keng (1990: 197); Li & Hedge (1994: 296); Phuong (1995: 40); Clement (1999: 1001); Phuong (2000: 87). Ocimum basilicum L. var. pilosum (Willd.) Benth. (1830b: 13); sensu auctt. Benth. (1832: 4; 1848: TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 33), excl. syn. Basilicum indicum Rumph. (the fruits from the drawing in Herb. Amb. 5. 263. t. 92. f. 1 are very small, it is probably var. americanum); Li (1977: 563, f. 120, 1 – 8); Phuong (1982: 146); Li & Hedge (1994: 296); Phuong (1995: 40, 2000: 90). Type: as for O. pilosum. Ocimum americanum L. var. pilosum (Willd.) A. J. Paton (1992: 426); Paton et al. (1999: 25). Type: as for O. pilosum, synon. nov. Ocimum citratum Rumph. (1747: 266, t. 93 f. 1), as ‘Ozimum’. Ocimum minimum sensu Burm. f. (1768: 129), non L. (1753). Ocimum basilicum L. var. anisatum Benth. (1832: 4; 1848: 33). Type: India, Wallich s.n. [lectotype K! (Herb. Benthamianum)]. Ocimum graveolens A. Braun (1840: 265). Type: cultivated in Europe, seed from Ethiopia (lectotype K!). Ocimum
citriodorum Vis. (1841: 102); Paton & Putievsky (1996: 513); Paton et al. (1999: 25). Type: cutivated at Padua, Unknown Collector (holotype PAD, photo of holotype K!), synon. nov. Ocimum petitianum A. Rich. (1850: 176). Type: Ethiopia, Tchelikote, Petit s.n. (isotype, K) Ocimum menthaefolium sensu Hochst ex Benth. (1848: 34) pro parte, quoad specimen from Sohna, India Jacquemont 40 (K), with ‘Ocymum menthaefolium? on sheet. Ocimum basilicum sensu Hook. f. (1885: 608), non L. (1753), pro parte, quoad O. pilosum & O. menthaefolium (the Indian plant) in syn. Ocimum basilicum sensu Doan (1936: 919) non L. (1753), pro parte, quoad Bon 2637, Clemens 4435, Dupuy 151, Eberhardt 1229, Eberhardt 1282, Eberhardt 1396, Evrard 758, Evrard 1692, Evrard 2441, Evrard 2536, Pételot 5121, Poilane 3022, Poilane 9505, Poilane 9772, Spire 365, Spire 1492, Talmy 76 & Thorel 231; sensu Mukerjee (1940: 18) non L. (1753), pro parte, quoad O. hispidum & O. pilosum in syn; sensu Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 639), pro parte, quoad f. citratum Back.; sensu Keng (1978: 377), pro parte. Ocimum americanum sensu Keng (1969: 126), pro parte, quoad syn. O. africanum Lour. Ocimum americanum sensu Pushpangadan & Sobti (1982). Ocimum basilicum sensu Paton (1992: 423), pro parte, quoad syn. O. citriodorum Vis. Aromatic, annual or short lived perennial herbs, 10 – 50 cm tall. Stems round-quadrangular, densely pubescent with spreading and sometimes retrorse hairs, much longer at nodes. Leaves elliptic, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 5 – 35 × 5 – 20 mm, apex acute, base cuneate or obtuse, 29 margin entire or sparsely and shallowly serrate, glandular-punctate, glabrous above, pubescent on veins beneath or pubescent on both sides with longer hairs on midrib and lateral veins beneath; petiole 2 – 20 mm long, slender, pubescent with long patent hairs. Inflorescence lax, verticils up to 10 mm apart, axis densely pubescent with retrose hairs; bracts ovate, to 5 mm long, apex acute or acuminate, base attenuate, margin pilose, glandular-punctate; pedicels recurved, 1 – 2.5 mm long, shorter than fruiting calyx, finely patent-pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 1.5 – 2.5 mm long at anthesis, 4 – 5.5 mm long in fruit; posterior lip rounded, decurrent on tube, slightly accrescent, sometimes apiculate at apex; anterior lip with 2 median lanceolate, acuminate teeth, longer than posterior, lateral teeth broad deltoid, acute, almost equal to posterior; throat open; tube with or without sessile glands outside, with a ring of dense villous hairs at throat and glabrous base inside. Corolla white or light purple, 4 – 5.5 mm long; lobes entire, villous on back, with or without sessile glands; posterior lip with 2 median oblong lobes and 2 lateral obovate-oblong lobes; anterior lip boat shaped, oblong or ovateoblong in outline; tube straight, glabrous on both sides. Stamens with posterior having a glabrous tranverse process near base. Nutlets black, narrowly oblong, 1 – 1.5 mm long, minutely tuberculate, producing mucilage when wet. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BURMA : Mandalay, Mandalay Hills, Jan. 1951, White 314 (US). CAMBODIA: Kompong Cham, Nov. 1921, Evrard 758 (P). LAOS : Market in Vientiane, 14 Nov. 1951, Vidal 1334 (P). THAILAND: Chiang Mai, 300 m, 4 Oct. 1914, Kerr 3396 (BM, E, K). VIETNAM : Hanoi, Feb. 1927, Pételot 5121 (BM, HM, NY). ECOLOGY. Cultivated. Flowering and fruiting January – December. DISTRIBUTION. Tropical Africa, America and Asia, widely cultivated. VERNACULAR NAMES. Cambodian: Chy, Ci Prohae, Chi Kra Chi, Thoo Kay. Laotian: I Tou, Phak I Tou. Thai: Mang Lak, Maeng Lak (Central); Kum Kaw, Komko Khaao (Northern). Vietnamese: Cien Thue, Cay HatHuong, Cay Ich Gioi, E Trang, Hung Que. USES. In Cambodia and Thailand, the nutlets, which produce mucilage when wet, are used for making soup or a sweet desert (Matin 230, P; Kerr 4463 BM, K). The fresh leaves are the main side dish for the traditional Thai rice noodle dish called ‘Khanom Chean’. NOTES. This species is of hybrid origin, derived from a cross between Ocimum americanum and O. basilicum (Paton & Putievsky 1996). It freely hybridises with O. basilicum in cultivation and intermediates are not uncommon. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 30 6. Ocimum basilicum L. (1753: 597); Lour. (1790: 370), as ‘Ocymum’; sensu auctt. Benth. (1830b: 13), excl. var. pilosum; Benth. (1832: 4), excl. var. pilosum & var. anisatum; Benth. (1848: 32), excl. var. pilosum & var. anisatum; Hook. f. (1885: 608), excl. syn. O. pilosum & O. menthaefolium (the Indian plant); Muschler & Hosseus (1910: 501); Ridl. (1923: 643); Kudo (1929: 113); Merr. (1935: 343); Doan (1936: 919, f. 96, 1 – 3) pro parte, quoad Evrard 2442, Poilane 9773 & 40624; Mukerjee (1940: 18), excl. syn. O. hispidum & O. pilosum; Murata (1966: 279); Keng (1969: 127) pro parte; Murata (1971: 509); Li (1977: 561), excl. var. pilosum; Keng (1978: 377), pro parte; Cramer (1981: 115), excl. syn. O. americanum L.; Phuong (1982: 146), excl. var. pilosum; Press (1982: 160); Keng (1990: 197); Paton (1992: 423), excl. syn. O. citriodorum; Li & Hedge (1994: 296), excl. var. pilosum; Phuong (1995: 40); Clement (1999: 1001); Paton et al. (1999: 25); Phuong (2000: 88), excl. var. pilosum. Type: Western Asia, Linnean Herbarium 749.5 [lectotype LINN (microfiche!)]. Ocimum thyrsiflorum L. (1767: 84), as ‘Ocymum’; Benth. (1830b: 13). Type: cultivated in Uppsala, Linnean Herbarium 749.1 [lectotype LINN (microfiche!)]. Ocimum basilicum L. var. thyrsiflorum (L.) Benth. (1832: 5; 1848: 33). Type: as for O. thyrsiflorum. Ocimum album L. (1767: 85), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: cultivated in Uppsala, Linnean Herbarium 749.3 [LINN (microfiche!)]. Ocimum basilicum L. var. album (L.) Benth (1830b: 13; 1832: 4; 1848: 33). Type: as for O. album Ocimum medium Mill. (1768: no. 3), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: probably in BM. Ocimum americanum sensu Jacq. (1777: t. 86 ) non L. (1755). Ocimum hispidum Lam. (1785: 384), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: Cultivated in Botanic Garden, Paris, Lamarck s.n. [holotype P-LA (microfiche!)]. Ocimum bullatum Lam. (1785: 384), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: Plant of Indian origin, cultivated in Botanic Garden, Paris, Lamarck s.n. [syntypes 2 shts. P-LA (microfiche!)]. Ocimum integerrimum Willd. (1801: 162). Type: India Orientalis, Willdenow Herbarium 11068 [holotype BW (microfiche!), photos K!]. Ocimum ciliatum Hornem. (1815: 565). Type: Unknown (types of Hornemann are probably at C). Ocimum barrelieri Roth (1821: 278), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: India Orientalis, Heyne s.n., (B, destroyed), illustration in Barrelier’s Icones p. 31 t. 1071 (illustration!, lectotype chosen here). Plectranthus barrelieri (Roth) Spreng. (1825: 691). Type: as for O. barrelieri Ocimum basilicum L. var. majus Benth. (1830b: 13; 1832: 4; 1848: 33). Type: based on O. majus Hortul, cultivated (not seen). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) Ocimum basilicum L. var. glabratum Benth. (1830b: 13; 1832: 4; 1848: 33). Type: Malaysia, Penang, 1822, Wall. Cat. 2713E (syntypes K!, K-W!); India, Calcutta, cultivated, specimen with ‘Ocymum caryophyllum’, Wall. Cat. 2713F (K-W!); India, Nathpur, 10 Sept. 1810, Wall. Cat. 2713H (syntype K-W!; isosyntype TCD!); India, Patna, 21 April 1812, Wall. Cat. 2713J (syntype K-W!). Ocimum basilicum L. var. difforme Benth. (1830b: 13; 1832: 5; 1848: 33). Type: Cultivated, seeds from Persia, cultivated in Garden Bangalore, Wall. Cat. 2713K (syntypes K!, K-W!); cultivated, specimen with ‘O. urticifolium’ (syntype K!). Ocimum basilicum L. var. purpurascens Benth. (1830b: 13; 1832: 5; 1848: 33). Type: based on O. nigrum Thouin, probably cultivated in Jardin des Plantes, Paris (not seen). Ocimum basilicum L. var. densiflorum Benth. (1832: 5; 1848: 33). Type: based on cultivated plant and the type of ‘O. barrelieri Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp.: 278’. Ocimum caryophyllatum Roxb. [(1814: 45), nom nud.], (1832: 16). Type: Roxburgh’s illustration No. 1255 (K! illustration, lectotype chosen here). Ocimum americanum sensu Blanco (1837: 480) non L. (1755). Ocimum citrodorum Blanco (1845: 591). Aromatic, annual or short lived perennial herbs, 0.3 – 1 m tall. Stems quadrangular, rounded or roundquadrangular, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, usually with young shoot in the axil of leaves. Leaves dark green, ovate or elliptic-ovate, 15 – 50 × 5 – 25 mm, apex acute, base cuneate, margin entire or sparsely serrate, glandular-punctate, glabrous on both sides or glabrous above, puberulous on veins beneath or pubescent on both sides with longer hairs on midrib and lateral veins beneath; petiole to 20 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescence lax or dense, verticils up to 12 mm apart, axis pubescent; bracts ovate, elliptic, elliptic-ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, 6 – 10 × 2 – 5 mm, apex acuminate, base cuneate or attenuate, margin pilose, glandular-punctate, pubescent or puberulent on both sides, abaxial with conspicuous median nerve; pedicels 1 – 2 mm long, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 4 – 5 mm long at anthesis, 6 – 8 mm long in fruit; posterior lip rounded, decurrent on tube, margin curved, apiculate at apex; anterior lip with 2 median lanceolate, acuminate teeth, slightly longer than posterior, lateral teeth deltoid, cuspidate, almost equal to posterior; throat open; tube with sessile or subsessile glands outside, with a ring of villous hairs at throat and glabrous or glabrescent base inside. Corolla white, purple or white with purple margin, 7 – 8 mm long; lobes obscurely crenate, pubescent or villous on back; posterior lip with 2 median oblong TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE lobes and 2 lateral broadly oblong lobes; anterior lip boat shaped, oblong in outline; tube straight, glabrous on both sides. Stamens with posterior having a transverse process of tufted hairs near base. Nutlets dark brown, oblong or ovoid-ellipsoid, 2 – 2.5 × 1 – 1.5 mm, minutely tuberculate with black dots, producing mucilage when wet. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMBODIA : Kracheh, 23 June 1965, Martin 34 (P). LAOS : Market in Vientiane, 14 Nov. 1951, Vidal 1335 (P). THAILAND : Bangkok, Aug. 1926, Kerr 11043 (ABD, BM, L). VIETNAM : Hue, 20 July 1909, Bauche 94 (P); Hanoi, Dec. 1934, Petelot 5367 (HNU, P); Thudaumot, 21 April 1919, Poilane 40624 (P). DISTRIBUTION. Tropical Africa, tropical Asia and tropical America, widely cultivated. ECOLOGY. In open areas, waste grounds, often cultivated; from sea level to 1100 m. Flowering and fruiting January – December. VERNACULAR NAMES. Burmese: Ziya-Apyu, Pin-Sein. Cambodian: Ci Nieng Vong. Laotian; Pak Bua La Phe, I Tou. Thai: Hokuai-Suai, Ho-Wo-Su (Karen-Mae Hong Son); Horaphaa (General); Im-Khim-Khaao (Shan-Mae Hong Son). Vietnamese: Rau E, E Tia, E Que, Rau Que, Cay Hung Gioi, Thaokai, Ytou, Chi Sa, Hung Gioi. USES. The leaves are used in curries in every country in the region. Fresh leaves together with the other fresh vegetables are used as a side dish for Vietnamese style noodles in the northeastern part of Thailand. This species is also the main herb used in the traditional Thai green curry called ‘Kang Keow Wan’. NOTE. From the collection seen at Leiden, Ocimum basilicum sensu Keng includes specimens of both O. basilicum L. and O. americanum L. var. pilosum (Willd.) A. J. Paton 7. Ocimum filamentosum Forssk. (1775: 108), as ‘Ocymum’; sensu auctt. Benth. (1832: 9; 1848: 36), excl. syn.; Paton et al. (1999: 30). Type: Yemen, Mt Melhen, Feb. 1763, Herb. Forssk. no. 324 [holotype C! (microfiche I.D.C. 2200, 71 II, 7 – 8)]. Becium filamentosum (Forssk.) Chiov. (1919: 162); Harley (1983: 56); Paton (1995: 212). Type: as for above. Ocimum adscendens Willd. (1801: 166); Benth. (1832: 9), as ‘Ocymum’; Benth. (1848: 35); Hook. f. (1885: 609); Gamble (1924: 1112); Mukerjee (1940: 21); Cramer (1981: 117). Type: Southern India, Willdenow Herbarium no. 11074 [holotype B-W (microfiche!), photos K!]. Ocimum indicum Roth (1821: 273), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: India, Heyne s.n. (holotype B, destroyed; isotypes Wall. Cat. 2719A, K!, K-W!). 31 Plectranthus indicus (Roth) Spreng. (1825: 691). Type: as for O. indicum. Ocimum cristatum Roxb. [(1814: 45), nom. nud.], (1832: 19), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: India, Coromandel, Wall Cat. 2719B (Herb. Ham. with O. cristatum B.H. and Kon Mss.)(K-W!, lectotype chosen here). Ocimum exsul Collett & Hemsl. (1890: 112); Prain (1890: 294); Mukerjee (1940: 20). Type: Burma, Meiktila, Collet 877 (holotype K!), synon. nov. Perennial herbs, usually more than 30 cm tall. Stems simple, quadrangular or round-quadrangular, antrose hispidly hairy with scattered sessile glands, usually with young shoots in the axil of leaves forming a false whorl. Leaves narrowly obovate-lanceolate or ellipticovate, 20 – 45 × 7 – 15 mm, apex obtuse or acute, base cuneate or attenuate, margin entire or obscurely serrate, sessile glands prominent on both sides, glabrous or with short hairs restricted on main and secondary veins above, hispidly hairy beneath; petiole to 5 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescence lax, verticils up to 16 mm apart, axis hispidly hairy; bracts sessile, lanceolate, 5 – 6 × 1.5 – 2.5 mm, apex acute, margin entire, pubescent with sessile glands on both sides, each bract subtending 3 flowers, usually present as an apical coma at the top of the inflorescence, early caducous, leaving a prominent circular persistent gland at base; pedicels c. 1 mm long, 2 – 2.5 mm long in fruits, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 4.5 mm long at anthesis, 7 – 8 mm long in fruit; posterior lip rounded, decurrent on tube, slightly recurved, apiculate at apex; anterior lip with 2 median bristlelike teeth, subequal to posterior, lateral teeth lacking, replaced by a row of many minute teeth with white hairs; throat open; tube pubescent with sessile glands outside, glabrous inside. Corolla pinkish-white, 10 – 12 mm long; lobes obtuse, pubescent with sessile glands on back; posterior lip 4-lobed; anterior lip entire, slightly concave; tube straight, pubescent. Stamens twice as long as corolla; posterior slightly thicked near base. Nutlets light brown, ovoid-orbicular, 1.2 – 1.5 mm in diameter, smooth, producing mucilage when wet. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BURMA : Yenangyaung, Oct. 1934, Barnard L.M.X. 22 (BM); idem, Barnard L.M.X. 40 (BM); Meiktila, 1888, Collett 877 (holotype of O. exsul, K). DISTRIBUTION. Africa, Arabia, India, Sri Lanka and Burma. ECOLOGY. In sandy soil in open places. NOTE. For Ocimum cristatum Roxb, Roxburgh’s illustration no. 312 is also original material, but it does not show characters as clearly as the specimen in K-W. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 32 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) 9. Platostoma Platostoma P. Beauv (1818.: 61, t. 95); Benth. (1848: 46; 1876: 1172); Hook. f. (1885: 611); Mukerjee (1940: 34); Keng (1978: 364); Paton (1997: 272). Type species: P. africanum P. Beauv. Mesona Blume (1826: 838); Benth. (1848: 46); Hook. f. (1885: 611); Kudo (1929: 106); Doan (1936: 927); Mukerjee (1940: 28); Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 637); Keng (1969: 113; 1978: 373); Li & Hedge (1994: 294). Type species: Mesona palustris Blume [= Platostoma palustre (Blume) A. J. Paton]. Acrocephalus Benth. (1829: sub t. 1282; 1830a: sub t. 1300; 1832: 23; 1848: 47; 1876: 1173); Hook. f. (1885: 611); Briq. (1897: 365); Ridl. (1923: 644); Kudo (1929: 109); Doan (1936: 922); Mukerjee (1940: 29); Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 638); Keng (1969: 25; 1978: 364). Type species: Acrocephalus scariosus Benth. [= Platostoma hispidum (L.) A. J. Paton]. Geniosporum Wall ex Benth. (1830a: sub t. 1300; 1830b: 18; 1832: 19; 1848: 44; 1876: 1172); Hook. f. (1885: 609); Briq. (1897: 367); Kudo (1929: 111); Doan (1936: 923); Mukerjee (1940: 32); Cramer (1981: 118). Type species: Geniosporum prostratum (L.) Benth. [Ocymum prostratum L. = Platostoma menthoides (L.) A. J. Paton]. Ceratanthus F. Muell. (1865: 52), in obs., nom. prov. Nosema Prain (1904: 20); Kudo (1929: 108); Mukerjee (1940: 35); Keng (1969: 122; 1978: 375); Li & Hedge (1994: 294). Type species: N. capitatum Prain [= Platostoma cochinchinense (Lour.) A. J. Paton]. Limniboza R. E. Fr. (1916: 277). Type species: Limniboza coerulea R. E. Fr. [= Platostoma coeruleum (R. E. Fr.) A. J. Paton]. Ceratanthus F. Muell. ex G. Taylor (1936: 35); Doan (1936: 951); Mukerjee (1940: 36); Keng (1969: 46); Li (1977: 534); Keng (1978: 368); Li & Hedge (1994: 291). Type species: Ceratanthus longicornis (F. Muell.) G. Taylor [= Platostoma longicorne (F. Muell.) A. J. Paton]. Hemsleia (non Hemsleya Cogn.) Kudo (1929: 142), nom. illeg. Type species: H. calcarata (Hemsl.) Kudo [= Platostoma calcaratum (Hemsl.) A. J. Paton]. Octomeron Robyns (1943: 28). Type species: Octomeron montanum Robyns. [= Platostoma montanum (Robyns.) A. J. Paton]. Table 1. Members of continental SE Asian Platostoma according to the sectional classification of Paton (1997). Platostoma subgenus Acrocephalus (Benth.) A. J. Paton Section Acrocephalus (Benth.) A. J. Paton P. hispidum (L.) A. J. Paton P. verbenifolium (Watt ex Mukerjee) A. J. Paton Section Heterodonta (Briq.) A. J. Paton P. taylorii S. Suddee & A. J. Paton (moved from sect. Mesona) P. coloratum (D. Don) A. J. Paton var. coloratum P. coloratum (D. Don) A. J. Paton var. minutum S. Suddee P. siamense (Murata) A. J. Paton P. lanceolatum (Chermsir. ex Murata) A. J. Paton Platostoma subgenus Platostoma Section Ceratanthus (G. Taylor) A. J. Paton P. intermedium A. J. Paton P. ocimoides (G. Taylor) A. J. Paton P. stoloniferum (G. Taylor) A. J. Paton P. annamense (G. Taylor) A. J. Paton P. calcaratum (Hemsl.) A. J. Paton var. calcaratum P. calcaratum (Hemsl.) A. J. Paton var. garrettii (Craib) S. Suddee P. becquerelii S. Suddee & A. J. Paton P. kerrii S. Suddee & A. J. Paton Section Mesona (Blume) A. J. Paton P. fimbriatum A. J. Paton P. tectum A. J. Paton P. palustre (Blume) A. J. Paton P. grandiflorum S. Suddee & A. J. Paton P. cambodgense S. Suddee & A. J. Paton var. cambodgense P. cambodgense var. subulatum S. Suddee P. mekongense S. Suddee P. cochinchinense (Lour.) A. J. Paton P. rubrum S. Suddee & A. J. Paton © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE Erect or ascending annual or perennial herbs or undershrubs, sometimes producing stolons. Stems round, quadrangular or round-quadrangular, branched or not. Leaves sessile or petiolate, clearly opposite or pseudo-verticillate in appearance due to the presence of axillary young leaves, membranous or chartaceous, entire, serrate or crenate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, simple or branched, usually subtended by 2 or more spreading, basally pale or coloured, leaf-like bracts, often persistent; verticils varying from clearly interrupted to adjacent verticils arranged close together forming a lax or dense capitulum or spike-like inflorescence; cymes sessile or subsessile, branched or not, 2 – many flowers; upper bracts small, sometimes forming an apical coma, caducous or persistent; pedicels rounded or flattened, sometimes with narrow wing on each side, sometimes curved upwards into one side and the infructescence becomes secund. Calyx campanulate in flower, tubular or campanulate in fruit, declinate or suberect, bilabiate; posterior lip 1lobed or 3-lobed with lateral lobes conspicuous or obscure, median lobe broadest, decurrent on tube or not, sinus between median and lateral lobes usually with a black patch; anterior lip 1 – 4-lobed, straight or curved upwards and sometimes closing throat; tube constricted at throat, with 8 – 10 longitudinal veins, sometimes pitted with secondary transverse veins, with or without an anterior spur at base; throat glabrous. Corolla short or long exserted from calyx tube; posterior lip 3 – 4-lobed, equal or subequal; 33 anterior lip entire, ciliate or fimbriate, slightly to strongly concave, equal or slightly longer than posterior; tube short or long, gibbous or with prominent spur on posterior base, glabrous or pubescent. Stamens 4, didynamous, clearly or slightly declinate; posterior pair included or exserted, attached around the midpoint or at the base of corolla tube, pubescent or villous, appendiculate or not; anterior pair longer, exserted, rarely included, attached on throat around the base of the anterior corolla lobe, glabrous or pubescent, inappendiculate; filament free, dilated toward base; anther reniform, synthecous, often confluent. Ovary glabrous. Style declinate, bifid with equal or unequal branches. Disc lobed with the anterior side usually well developed, exceeding ovary or not. Nutlets ovoid, ellipsoid or oblong, smooth, minutely tuberculate or reticulate, sometimes papillose or with hairs at apex, sometimes producing mucilage when wet. NOTE. For generic discussion and subgeneric classification within the Platostoma group see Paton (1997). For members of continental SE Asian Platostoma belonging in the group according to his classification sections, see Table 1. In some species, the habit and the number of lobes on the posterior calyx lip varies, and the corolla spur is sometimes less conspicuous. These variable features can make identification difficult. In such cases, the species appear twice in the following key. See also note under each species for discussion. Key to continental SE Asian Species of Platostoma 1. Posterior stamens inappendiculate 2. Corolla without distinct spur at posterior base; posterior stamens attached around the midpoint or at the base of corolla tube 3. Posterior stamens attached around the midpoint of corolla tube 4. Posterior lip of calyx clearly 1-lobed; anterior lip 4-toothed 5. Bracts less than 5 mm wide, apex acute or acuminate · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1. P. hispidum 5. Bracts 5 mm or more wide, apex mucronate · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 2. P. verbenifolium 4. Posterior lip of calyx clearly 3-lobed, or lateral lobes minute and fused to the median lobe; anterior lip 2-toothed 6. Leaf margin serrate in both distal and proximal half of leaf blade 7. Anterior lip of fruiting calyx strongly bent inwards into throat; lateral lobes of the posterior corolla lip shorter than the 2 middle lobes; plants usually producing stolons · · · 3. P. taylorii 7. Anterior lip of fruiting calyx straight or curved upwards; lateral lobes of the posterior corolla lip subequal to the 2 middle lobes; plants not producing stolons 8. Median lobe of the posterior calyx lip oblong, margin slightly curved backwards; teeth of anterior calyx lip shortly acute or obtuse at apex, shorter than posterior; throat open · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4. P. coloratum 8. Median lobe of the posterior calyx lip orbicular, margin strongly reflexed backwards; teeth of anterior calyx lip long acuminate at apex, equal or subequal to posterior; throat ± closed · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5. P. siamense 6. Leaf margin serrate in distal half only, entire in proximal half of leaf · · · · · · · · · 6. P. lanceolatum © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 34 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) 3. Posterior stamens attached at the base of corolla tube · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 7. P. intermedium 2. Corolla with distinct spur at posterior base; posterior stamens attached at the base of corolla tube only 9. Leaves sessile or subsessile 10. Bracts cordate at base; leaves subsessile; blades with hairs confined to midrib on upper part; corolla more than 5 mm long, throat with hairs; woody perennial herbs · · · · · 12. P. becquerelii 10. Bracts never cordate at base; leaves sessile; blades glabrous; corolla less than 5 mm long, throat glabrous; fleshy annual herbs · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 13. P. kerrii 9. Leaves distinctly petiolate 11. Corolla spur more than twice as long as posterior calyx lip, far exceeding the median lobe 12. Stems very short; leaves 2 – 3 pairs, subradical or forming a rosette near stem base 13. Median lobe of posterior fruiting calyx lip c. 2 mm wide; plants usually producing stolons · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 9. P. stoloniferum 13. Median lobe of posterior fruiting calyx lip 3 – 4 mm wide; plants rarely producing stolons · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 10. P. annamense 12. Stems distinct; leaves usually more than 3 distant pairs 14. Leaves large, 50 – 250 mm long, broadly elliptic or broadly obovate, apex rounded or obtuse · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 10. P. annamense 14. Leaves small, 10 – 45 mm long, ovate, apex acute or shortly acuminate · · · · 11. P. calcaratum 11. Corolla spur less than twice as long as posterior calyx lip, hardly or slightly exceeding the median lobe 15. Spur equal in length or slightly longer than median lobe of posterior calyx lip; leaves densely pilose-villous both sides · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 8. P. ocimoides 15. Spur gibbous, never exceeding the median lobe of posterior calyx lip; leaves scabrate both sides · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 7. P. intermedium 1. Posterior stamens appendiculate 16. Lateral lobes of posterior fruiting calyx with anterior margins extended greatly downwards and overlapping or meeting each other under throat 17. Leaves sessile or subsessile, linear or linear-oblong; posterior lip of corolla with lateral lobes much smaller than the subtruncate median lobes; margin of anterior corolla lip fimbriate; margin of posterior calyx lip with spreading hairs · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 14. P. fimbriatum 17. Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate; posterior lip of corolla with 3 more or less equal, acute-obtuse lobes; margin of anterior corolla lip not fimbriate; margin of posterior calyx lip without hairs · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 15. P. tectum 16. Lateral lobes of posterior fruiting calyx with anterior margins separated, never overlapping or meeting each other under throat 18. Leaves sessile · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 21. P. rubrum 18. Leaves with petioles short or long but distinctly petiolate 19. Apex of median lobe of posterior fruiting calyx lip acute 20. Posterior lip of fruiting calyx clearly 3-lobed, lobes acute · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 16. P. palustre 20. Posterior lip of fruiting calyx clearly 1-lobed, lobe subulate · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 18. P. cambodgense var. subulatum 19. Apex of median lobe of posterior fruiting calyx lip rounded or emarginate 21. Median lobe of posterior fruiting calyx lip orbicular 22. Median lobe of posterior fruiting calyx lip strongly bent backwards; fruiting calyx 6 – 8 mm long · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17. P. grandiflorum 22. Median lobe of posterior fruiting calyx lip not or slightly bent backwards; fruiting calyx 4 – 6 mm long · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 18. P. cambodgense var. cambodgense 21. Median lobe of posterior fruiting calyx lip oblong or obovate-oblong 23. Fruiting calyx tube with anterior spur at base, hispid, prominently pitted by secondary transverse veins; median lobe of posterior lip obovate-oblong; anterior lip equal in length to lateral lobes of posterior lip · · · · · · 19. P. mekongense 23. Fruiting calyx tube without spur at anterior base, villous, pitting between secondary transverse veins obscure; median lobe of posterior lip oblong; anterior lip much shorter than lateral lobes of posterior lip · · · 20. P. cochinchinense © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 1. Platostoma hispidum (L.) A. J. Paton (1997: 273). Type: as basionym below. Gomphrena hispida L. (1762: 326). Type: Illustration in Rheede, Hort. Malab. 9: 141, t. 72 (1689) (lectotype illustration!). Acrocephalus hispidus (L.) Nicolson & Sivad. (1980: 324), excl. syn. Ocimum capitellatum L. f.; Budantsev (1999: 29). Type: as for G. hispida. Prunella indica Burm. f. (1768: 130). Type: India (holotype G). Acrocephalus indicus (Burm. f.) Kuntze (1891: 511); Merr. (1912b: 101; 1921: 379; 1923: 421); Kudo (1929: 109); Mukerjee (1940: 29); Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 638); Murata (1966: 271); Keng (1969: 26, f. 2a – g); Murata (1971: 490; 1976: 178); Li (1977: 551, f. 117, 1 – 7); Keng (1978: 365); Phuong (1982: 126); Press (1982: 149); Hô (1993: 1068); Li & Hedge (1994: 295); Phuong (1995: 33); Clement (1999: 1000, f. 89l); Phuong (2000: 95). All excl. syn. Ocimum capitellatum L. f. Type: as for P. indica. Ocimum capitatum Roth (1821: 276), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: India Orientalis, Heyne s.n. (holotype B, destroyed; isotype L!). Lumnitzera capitata (Roth) Spreng. (1825: 687). Type: as for O. capitatum. Acrocephalus capitatus (Roth) Benth. (1830a: sub t. 1300; 1830b: 18; 1832: 23; 1848: 47); Miq. (1858: 941); Hook. f. (1885: 611); Hemsl. (1890: 269); Ostenfeld (1905: 714); Muschler & Hosseus (1910: 501); Craib (1912: 168); Dunn (1915: 134); Ridl. (1923: 644); Doan (1936: 922, f. 96, 8 – 12). All excl. syn. Ocimum capitellatum L. f. Type: as for O. capitatum. Ocimum acrocephalum Blume (1826: 834), as ‘Ocymum’. Type: Java, Blume 974 (lectotype L!, chosen by Keng, July 1964; isolectotypes 2 shts. L!). Acrocephalus blumei Benth. (1830a: sub t. 1300; 1832: 23). Type: as for O. acrocephalum (based on O. acrocephalum Blume). Acrocephalus scariosus Benth. in Wall. (1829: Cat. no. 1563), nom. nud. Acrocephalus scariosus Benth. (1829: sub t. 1282). Type: Burma, Toang Dong, Wall. Cat. 1563.2 with the name Phlomis scariosa Wall. (K-W!, lectotype chosen here). Acrocephalus spicatus C. B. Rob. (1911: 356); Merr. (1923: 421). Type: Philippines, Santa Cruz, Davao, SE Mindanao, Williams 2954 (isotypes A, K!, NY). Acrocephalus indicus (Burm. f.) Kuntze f. spicatus (C. B. Rob.) Keng (1969: 27, f. 2h & i). Type: as for A. spicatus. Erect annual herbs, 0.05 – 1 m tall. Stems quadrangular or round-quadrangular with short internodes (20 – 50(– 60) mm long), often branched at base, glabrescent to densely pubescent, hairs often 35 restricted to 2 opposite sides and becoming longer at nodes. Leaves subsessile or petiolate, membranous, often pseudo-verticillate due to the presence of axillary young leaves, ovate, elliptic or lanceolate, 15 – 60 × 5 – 20 mm, apex acute, base attenuate, decurrent on petiole, margin coarsely serrate or crenate, glabrous to pubescent with dense or sparse longer hairs on midrib above, pubescent with longer hairs on veins beneath; petiole up to 10 mm long, sometimes indistinct because of the decurrent leaf base. Inflorescence in terminal heads or cylindric spikes, rarely axillary, 5 – 30 × 5 – 12 mm; bracts with lowest pair leaf-like, subtending inflorescence, upper pairs broadly ovate, 2 – 3 mm in diameter, apex acute or acuminate, concave, adaxial glabrous or pubescent with hairs restricted to upper part, abaxial densely villous at base, with sessile glands, each bract subtending 4 – 6 flowers. Calyx ovoid, 1.5 – 2.5 mm long at anthesis; tubular, 4 – 5 mm long in fruit; posterior lip large, 1-lobed, oblong or obovateoblong, flat, entire or minutely serrate, nerves prominent; anterior lip 4-toothed, equal, lanceolate, shorter than posterior, minutely serrate or ciliate at margin; tube slightly gibbous at base, pubescent or villous outside with denser hairs at base, with or without sparse sessile glands, glabrous inside, without spur on anterior base. Corolla white or pale purple, sometimes white with purplish tips, 2 – 3 mm long; back of lobes sparsely hairy, with or without sessile glands; posterior lip shortly 4-lobed, acute, equal or subequal; anterior lip slightly longer; throat pubescent inside; tube very short, dilated toward throat. Stamens included; anterior pair attached around the base of the anterior corolla lobe, glabrous; posterior pair attached around the midpoint of corolla tube, thinly pubescent, inappendiculate. Style with 2 subequal subulate branches, slightly exserted. Ovary glabrous. Disc small, lobed, anterior side rarely developed. Nutlets dark brown, ellipsoid, ovoid or oblong-ellipsoid, c. 1 mm long, smooth, not producing mucilage when wet. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BURMA : Pegu, 24 Jan. 1851, Lelland s.n. (K). CAMBODIA : Khône, Dec. 1878, Harmand 138 (A, P). THAILAND: Kanchanaburi, Huay Ban Kau, 14°55'N 98°45'E, 750 m, 10 Nov. 1971, Beusekom et al. 3624 (BKF, C, K, KYO, L, MO, P); Chiang Mai, Doi Sutep, 330 m, 4 Nov. 1911, Kerr 1524B (BM, C, K, L, P, TCD); Yala, Padang Besar, c. 50 m, 24 Dec. 1927, Kerr 13609 (ABD, BM, L, SING). VIETNAM : Route de Sontay to Da Chong, Province Sontay, Oct. 1935, Petelot 5925 (A, BM, HNU, 2 shts. HM); Chau Doc (Chau Phu), Dec. 1867, Pierre 5212 (A, 2 shts. HM, K, 2 shts. P). ECOLOGY. Evergreen forest, savanna, mixed deciduous forest; 50 – 900 m. Flowering and fruiting October – March. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 36 Himalaya, India, South China, Continental SE Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines. Map 5. VERNACULAR NAME. Vietnamese: Dinhdau. NOTE. For Ocimum capitellatum L. f. in Suppl.: 276 (1781), there is no specimen in LINN or S. In the original publication, Linn. fil cited a synonym “Kosaria” and a plate from Forsskal’s Flora Aegyptiaco-arabica, p. 164 n. 34 t. 20. The plate mentioned is Dorstenia foetida (Forssk) Schweinf. (Hepper & Friis 1994). DISTRIBUTION. 2. Platostoma verbenifolium (Watt ex Mukerjee) A. J. Paton (1997: 273). Type: as basionym below. Acrocephalus verbenifolius Watt ex Mukerjee (1938: 303), as ‘verbenaefolius’; Mukerjee (1940: 30). Type: India, Kongal Thannah, in marsh at head of Kubu Valley, Manipur, Jan. 1882, Watt 6632 (holotype CAL; isotypes E!, K!, P!). Erect annual or short-lived perennial herbs, 0.05 – 1 m tall, sometimes woody at base. Stems quadrangular or round-quadrangular, internodes long (40 – 90 mm long), glabrescent to densely pubescent, hairs often restricted to 2 opposite sides, and becoming longer at nodes. Leaves sessile or subsessile, chartaceous, clearly opposite, narrowly lanceolate, 20 – 80 × 3 – 10 mm, apex acute or acuminate, base attenuate, decurrent on petiole, margin sparsely serrate, glabrescent or scabrid above, scabrid with longer and denser hairs on veins beneath; petiole indistinct because of the decurrent leaf base. Inflorescence in terminal heads or cylindric spikes, 5 – 30 × 8 – 80 mm, pubescent or densely villous; bracts sessile, lowest pair leaf-like, subtending inflorescence, upper pairs broadly ovate or orbicular, 5 – 7 mm in diameter, apex mucronate, concave, adaxial pubescent especially on upper part, abaxial densely villous at base, with sessile glands, each bract subtending 5 – 9 flowers. Calyx campanulate, 2 mm long at anthesis; tubular, 5 – 6 mm long in fruit; posterior lip large, 1-lobed, oblong or obovate-oblong, erect, flat, minutely serrate, nerves prominent; anterior lip 4-toothed, subequal, lanceolate, minutely serrate or ciliate, shorter than posterior; tube slightly dilated at base, pubescent to densely villous outside, hairs much denser at base, with or without sparse sessile glands, glabrous inside, without spur on anterior base. Corolla white or pale yellow, 2.5 – 3 mm long; back of lobes sparsely hairy, with or without sessile glands; posterior lip subequally 4-lobed, acute; anterior lip slightly longer; throat pubescent inside; tube very short, dilated toward throat. Stamens included; anterior pair attached around the base of the anterior corolla lobe, glabrous; posterior pair attached around the midpoint of corolla tube, thinly pubescent, © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) inappendiculate. Style with 2 subequal subulate branches, slightly exserted. Ovary glabrous. Disc small, lobed, anterior side rarely developed. Nutlets dark brown, ellipsoid, ovoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 0.8 – 1 mm long, minutely tuberculate, not producing mucilage when wet. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BURMA : Upper Chinwin, Tamu, Dec. 1907, Meebold 7643 (paratypes E, K). ECOLOGY. Alt. 250 – 1500 m. Flowering and fruiting October – January. DISTRIBUTION. East India, Burma. Map 5. NOTE. Platostoma verbenifolium differs from P. hispidum in having longer internodes, usually exceeding 50 mm as opposed to usually less than 50 mm, longer inflorescences usually longer than 20 mm in fruit as opposed to usually less than 20 mm long, and larger bracts more than 5 mm broad with a mucronate rather than acute or acuminate apex and more scabrate leaves. 3. Platostoma taylorii S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, sp. nov., P. colorato (D. Don) A. J. Paton forma calycis valde affinis sed foliis multo angustioribus, labio anteriore calycis intro ad faucem valde flexo nec patenti, planta plerumque stolonifera differt. Typus: Cambodia, Mountain near Pursat, June 1875, Harmand s.n. (holotypus P!, 2 photos K!; isotypus K!). Platostoma taylorii (Doan) A. J. Paton (1997: 282), comb. inval. Geniosporum taylorii Doan (1936: 925), as ‘taylori’, nom. inval. Type: as for above. Ascending perennial herbs up to 0.40 m tall, usually with a slender stolon. Stems quadrangular or roundquadrangular, pubescent, old stems glabrescent. Leaves mostly sessile or subsessile, chartaceous, ellipticlanceolate, 20 – 100 × 10 – 30 mm, apex acute, base cuneate, margin distinctly serrate, pubescent on both sides with longer and denser hairs on midrib and lateral veins, with sessile glands beneath, glands minute. Inflorescence terminal, simple, 25 – 120 × 7 – 8 mm, verticils up to 12 mm apart, cymes unbranched; bracts sessile, ovate to broadly ovate, 2 – 10 × 1.5 – 5 mm, acute or acuminate, subvillous on both sides, adaxial with sessile glands, each bract subtending 5 – 10 flowers; pedicels 1 – 1.5 mm long, 2 – 2.5 mm long and densely pubescent in fruits. Calyx campanulate, 1 – 2 mm long at anthesis, each side of posterior lip with a black patch at the sinus between median and lateral lobe; 4 – 5 mm long in fruit; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe oblong, sparsely puberulent outside, subglabrous inside, lateral teeth minute, triangular, acute; anterior lip oblong, with 2 long-connate teeth, apex emarginate, strongly bent inwards into throat in fruit, shorter than posterior; tube villous with minute TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 37 Map 5. Distribution of Platostoma hispidum (●); P. taylorii (▼); P. verbenifolium (■) and P. siamense (▲). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 38 sessile glands outside, glabrous inside, without spur on anterior base. Corolla 3 – 4 mm long; posterior lip 4lobed, obtuse, the 2 middle lobes long-connate, longer than the 2 lateral lobes; anterior lip entire, concave, slightly longer than posterior; throat pubescent; tube 1.5 – 2 mm long, dilated toward throat, villous with minute sessile glands outside. Stamens exserted, rarely exceeding anterior corolla lobe, pubescent at base; anterior pair attached around the base of the anterior corolla lobe; posterior pair attached around the midpoint of corolla tube, inappendiculate. Ovary entirely glabrous. Style exserted, shortly bifid, not exceeding anterior stamens. Disc lobed with the anterior side well developed. Nutlets black, oblong, 1.2 – 1.5 × 0.8 mm, minutely striate, truncate and minutely tuberculate at apex, usually with only one nutlet developed. CAMBODIA : Mountain near Pursat, June 1875, Harmand s.n. (holotype P; isotype K); Pursat, between Sra Nam Chrom and Pum Chre, 22 June 1930, Poilane 17754 (P). ECOLOGY. Mountainous areas. Flowering June, fruiting June – July. DISTRIBUTION. Cambodia (endemic). Map 5. CONSERVATION. Only known from one locality, last collected in 1930. CR B1+2 ab(i,ii,iii). NOTE. Only immature fruiting calyces have been seen for this study but because of the tuberculate apex of the nutlets, this species should be placed in section Heterodonta in subgenus Acrocephalus rather than section Mesona in subgenus Platostoma. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. 4. Platostoma coloratum (D. Don) A. J. Paton (1997: 274). Type: as basionym below. Plectranthus coloratus D. Don (1825: 116). Type: Nepal, Hamilton s.n. (holotype BM!). Geniosporum coloratum (D. Don) Kuntze (1891: 517); Briq. (1897: 367); Mukerjee (1940: 32); Murata (1966: 275; 1971: 498; 1976: 186); Li (1977: 552, f. 118, 1 – 7); Press (1982: 154); Li & Hedge (1994: 295); Clement (1999: 1000, f. 89m). Type: as for P. coloratus. Erect or ascending shrubs to 2 m tall, rootstocks woody. Stems quadrangular or round-quadrangular, KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) often striate, puberulent, becoming denser on the inflorescence axis, old stems glabrous below. Leaves subsessile or distinctly petiolate, thick or membranous, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 20 – 120 × 15 – 60 mm, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate, margin serrate or crenate, glabrous, glabrescent, scabrate or pubescent above, glabrous, glabrescent or pubescent with sessile glands beneath, glands minute; petioles obscure to 3 mm long. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, simple or branched, 20 – 200 × 8 – 15 mm; verticils up to 15 mm apart; cymes with 2 short secund branches; bracts with 1 – 2 lower pairs leaflike, with pale colour at base, upper bracts caducous, ovate to broadly ovate, 5 – 20 × 3 – 10 mm, acuminate, broadly cuneate at base, adaxial pubescent in upper half and subglabrous in lower half, abaxial densely pubescent with sessile glands, often forming a terminal coma on young inflorescence, each bract subtending 4 – 12 flowers; pedicels 1.5 – 2.5 mm long in flower, 3 – 4 mm long and pubescent in fruits. Calyx campanulate, 1 – 3 mm long at anthesis; 3 – 8 mm long at fruiting; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe oblong, slightly curved backwards, sparsely puberulent both sides, lateral lobes obtuse, very short; anterior lip with 2-connate shortly oblong or subulate teeth, shortly acute or obtuse at apex, straight or slightly upcurved, shorter than posterior; tube pubescent with minute sessile glands outside, glabrous or thinly covered with minute glands inside, strongly pitted with secondary transverse veins, only slightly gibbous on anterior base. Corolla white or purple, 5 – 7 mm long; posterior lip 4-lobed, obtuse, the 2 middle lobes slightly smaller than the 2 outer lobes; anterior lip entire, concave, slightly longer than posterior; throat pubescent; tube 1.5 – 4 mm long, dilated towards throat, villous with minute sessile glands outside. Stamens exserted, rarely exceeding anterior corolla lobe, pubescent at base; anterior pair attached around the base of the anterior corolla lobe; posterior pair attached around the midpoint of corolla tube, inappendiculate. Ovary glabrous below, papillose at apex. Style exserted, shortly bifid, not exceeding anterior stamens. Disc lobed with the anterior side well developed. Nutlets dark brown, oblong, 1 – 1.2 × 0.5 – 0.8 mm, minutely punctate, papillose at apex, not producing mucilage when wet. Key to the varieties of P. coloratum 1. Leaves thick, scabrate or pubescent above; erect shrub · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · i. var. coloratum 1. Leaves membranous, not scabrate, glabrous or glabrescent above; ascending shrub · · · · · · · ii. var. minutum © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 39 B 1 cm C 1 mm 1 cm A D Fig. 5. Platostoma coloratum var. coloratum. A habit; B infructescence; C fruiting calyx; D nutlet. (A from Robertson 230, K; B – D from C. B. Clarke 41400, K). DRAWN BY EMMANUEL PAPADOPOULOS. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 40 i. var. coloratum Geniosporum strobiliferum Wall. (1829: Cat. no. 2749), nom. nud. Geniosporum strobiliferum Wall. ex Benth. (1830b: 18), nom. illeg.; Benth. (1832: 20; 1842: t. 462 ; 1848: 45; Hook. f. (1885: 610); Craib (1911: 445; 1912: 168), pro parte, quoad Kerr 2238; Dunn (1915: 134); Kudo (1929: 112); Doan (1936: 925, f. 97, 1 – 4). Based on specimen from Nepal (Napalia), Wall. Cat. 2749A (BM, K, 2 shts. K-W), with the name Geniosporum (gen. nov.) strobiliferum Wall., and specimen from Sillet, Wall. Cat. 2749B. Geniosporum taylorii sensu Murata (1971: 498) non Doan, as ‘taylori’. Tall erect shrub. Leaves thick, scabrate or pubescent above, pubescent beneath. Calyx 2.5 – 3 mm long at anthesis, 6 – 8 mm long in fruit. Fig. 5. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BURMA : West Central Burma, Mindat, 1500 m, 18 July 1956, Kingdon-Ward 22507 (BM); Southern Shan States, Mawkmai, 900 m, 24 Jan. 1911, Robertson 230 (K). THAILAND : Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon, 5 Dec. 1964, Bunchuai 1424 (BKF, C, K, L, P); Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon (Doi Angka), Pa Mawn spur, c. 1610 m, 13 Sept. 1927, Garrett 448 (A, BM, K, L, NY, SING); Nong Bua Lamphu, 5 km from town on road to Udon Thani, 200 m, 12 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 958 (BKF, K, TCD); Loei, Phu Kradung, 30 Nov. 1965, Tagawa, Iwatsuki & Fukuoka T-905 (KYO); Ubon Ratchathani, River du Ubon, 1866 – 1868, Thorel 2711 (3 shts. P). DISTRIBUTION. Nepal, Bhutan, India, Burma, SW China (Yunnan), Thailand. Map 6. ECOLOGY. In mixed deciduous forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest, pine forest, evergreen forest; 200 – 1700 m. Flowering July – December, fruiting September – January. VERNACULAR NAMES. Thai: Phak Eelueng Paa, Hom Paa (Chiang Mai). NOTE. The name Geniosporum strobiliferum Wall. ex Benth. is illegitimate because it was a superfluous name for Plectranthus coloratus D. Don (1825). ii. var. minutum S. Suddee var. nov., var. varietate typica similis sed foliis membranaceis glabris vel glabrescentibus nec scabridis, calyce in fructu minuto et habitu ascendenti nec erecto differt. Typus: Thailand, Phetchabun, Nam Nao National Park, 800 m, 8 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 915 (holotypus BKF!; isotypi K!, TCD!). Ascending shrub. Leaves membranous, glabrous or glabrescent both sides. Calyx 1 – 2 mm long at anthesis, 3 – 5 mm long in fruit. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) SPECIMENS EXAMINED. THAILAND : Loei, Phu Kradung, Dee 4 (BKF); Loei, Phu Kradung, 5 Sept. 1952, Dee 603 (ABD, BKF); Pong Pa Paw-Pong Kioh, 30 Oct. 1921, Hayata s.n. (TI); Chiang Mai, Doi Sutep, 660 m, 18 Oct. 1914, Kerr 3425 (ABD, BM, K); Chiang Mai, Samong, c. 600 m, 20 Oct. 1922, Kerr 6391 (2 shts. BM); Mae Hong Son, towards Mae Surin Waterfall, SE of Khun Yuam, 18°52'N 98°05'E, 1500 m, 24 Sept. 1995, Larsen, Tange & Sookchaloem 46886 (AAU); Nan, 50 km W of Nan, W of Ban Luang, 18°51'N 100°21'E, 600 m, 22 Nov. 1993, Larsen et al. 44728 (AAU); Chiang Mai, Doi Sutep, below Puping Palace, 1300 m, 31 Oct. 1987, Maxwell 87-1351 (BKF, PCMU); Chiang Mai, Doi Sutep, between Puping Palace and the summit, 1525 m, 5 Dec. 1987, Maxwell 87-1551 (BKF, L, PCMU); Chiang Mai, Doi Sutep, base of the east side at the reservoir below Pah Laht Temple, 400 m, 2 Nov. 1988, Maxwell 88-1272 (BKF, L, PCMU); Chiang Mai, Doi Sutep-Pui National Park, north side, Mae Sa Botanical Garden area, 725 m, 27 Oct. 1889, Maxwell 89-1305 (A, E); Chiang Mai, Jawm Tong, Mae Soi subdistrict, Mae Soi Ridge, near Ban Bha Gluay, 1475 m, 12 Aug. 1991, Maxwell 91-739 (A, AAU, E, 2 shts. P, PCMU); Chiang Mai, higher elevation of Doi Pui, 1500 – 1685 m, 29 Sept. 1971, Murata et al. T-15334 (AAU, BKF, L, P, TI); Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon National Park, route from Mae Klang waterfall to Sop Aep, 350 – 700 m, 1 Oct. 1971, Murata et al. T-15489 (KYO); Loei, Phu Kradung, 800 m, 4 Nov. 1984, Murata et al. T-43086 (KYO); Chiang Rai, Chun, 10 Dec. 1967, Nimanong & Phusomsaeng 112 (BKF, L); Phetchabun, Nam Nao National Park, 800 m, 8 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 915 (holotype BKF; isotypes K, TCD); Chaiyaphum, Phu Khiew Wildlife Sanctaury, Students Nature Trail, 810 m, 11 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 945 (BKF, K, TCD). ECOLOGY. Deciduous dipterocarp forest, hill evergreen forest; 400 – 1700 m. Flowering August – November, fruiting October – December. DISTRIBUTION. Thailand (endemic). Map 6. VERNACULAR NAME. Thai: Nuat Maew (Loei). NOTE. This variety is easily distinguished from the type variety by its membranous leaves, an ascending rather than erect habit, and the leaves, bracts, flowers and fruiting calyx are much smaller. 5. Platostoma siamense (Murata) A. J. Paton (1997: 275). Type: as basionym below. Geniosporum siamense Murata (1970: 108, f. 3 & f. 4, 1 – 3; 1971: 498; 1976: 186). Type: Thailand, Chiang Mai, along highway between Mae Sariang and Chom Thong, in light deciduous forest, 1100 m, 19 Sept. 1967, Iwatsuki & Fukuoka T-10400 (holotype KYO!; isotypes BKF!, C!, K!, L!, US!, TI!). Geniosporum strobiliferum sensu auctt. Craib (1911: 445) non Wall. ex Benth. (1830b); Craib (1912: 168), pro parte, quoad Kerr 771. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 41 Map 6. Distribution of Platostoma lanceolatum (◆); P. coloratum var. coloratum ( ) and P. coloratum var. minutum (▲) . © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 42 Erect perennial herbs or shrubs up to 1 m tall, rootstocks woody. Stems often arising from the old rootstocks, round-quadrangular, pubescent or villouspilose, patent or nearly so, becoming denser on the inflorescence axis. Leaves petiolate, chartaceous, ovate, oblong or elliptic, 10 – 75 × 5 – 45 mm, apex acute, base cuneate, margin serrate, rarely crenate, scabrate to densely pubescent with longer hairs on veins above, subvillous to villous with sessile glands beneath, glands minute, scarcely seen because of the dense indumentum; petioles 1 – 7 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescence terminal, simple or branched, 8 – 100 × 5 – 20 mm; verticils 3 – 15 mm apart; cymes with 2 short secund branches, sometimes branches obscure; bracts caducous, ovate to broadly ovate or obovate, 2 – 20 × 1.5 – 12 mm, acute, acuminate or cuspidate, adaxial pubescent in upper half and subglabrous in lower half, abaxial densely pubescent to villous, with sessile glands, often forming a terminal coma on young inflorescence, each bract subtending 3 – 8 flowers; pedicels 1 – 3 mm long in flower, 3 – 5 mm long and pubescent in fruits. Calyx campanulate, 2 – 3 mm long at anthesis; 6 – 7 mm long in fruit, declinate; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe orbicular, strongly reflexed, sparsely puberulent on both sides, lateral teeth minute, narrowly triangular, c. 1 mm long; anterior lip with 2-connate lanceolate teeth, long acuminate at apex, usually strongly upcurved and pressed against the posterior lip, equal or subequal to posterior; throat ± closed; tube pubescent with minute sessile glands outside, glabrous inside, pitted with transverse secondary veins, without spur on anterior base. Corolla white with lilac stripes on lip, 3.5 – 5 mm long; posterior lip 4-lobed, obtuse, with pale purplish vertical midline inside, the 2 middle lobes equal, slightly smaller or longer than the 2 outer lobes; anterior lip entire, concave, slightly longer than posterior; throat pubescent; tube 2 – 3 mm long, dilated towards throat, villous with minute sessile glands outside. Stamens exserted, rarely exceeding anterior corolla lobe, villous at base; anterior pair attached around the base of the anterior corolla lobe; posterior pair attached around the midpoint of corolla tube, inappendiculate. Ovary glabrous below, papillose at apex. Style exserted, shortly bifid, not exceeding anterior stamens. Disc lobed with the anterior side well developed. Nutlets black, oblong, 1.2 – 1.5 × 0.8 mm, smooth below, papillose at apex, not producing mucilage when wet. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. THAILAND: Chiang Mai, along the highway between Ma Sariang and Jawm Thong, 1100 m, 19 Sept. 1967, Iwatsuki & Fukuoka T10400 (holotype KYO; isotypes BKF, C, K, L, US, TI); Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon National Park, route from Mae Klang waterfall to Sop Aep, 350 – 700 m, 1 Oct. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) 1971, Murata et al. T-15451 (BKF, KYO, TI); Lampang, route 106, 26 km W from Thoen, on LampangLamphun border, 17°40'N 99°05'E, 650 m, 19 Aug. 1995, Parnell et al. 95-227 (K, TCD); Chiang Mai, Doi Sutep, 650 m, 20 July 1958, Sorensen, Larsen & Hensen 4286 (BKF, C, E, K, L); Lampang, route 106, 26 km W from Thoen, on Lampang-Lamphun border, 930 m, 18 Sept. 1997, Suddee & Pooma 849 (BKF, K, TCD); Lamphun, route from Ban Khun Tan to Doi Khun Tan, c. 800 m, 4 Sept. 1967 Tagawa et al. T- 9126 (paratype BKF, KYO). ECOLOGY. On steep slopes with thin rocky soil in mixed deciduous forest, in deciduous forest, evergreen forest, dipterocarp forest and dry dipterocarp-deciduous forest; 300 – 1100 m. Flowering July – September, fruiting September – December. DISTRIBUTION. Thailand (endemic). Map 5. CONSERVATION. Although extent of occurrence is only estimated to be less than 200 km2, all localities are within protected areas, and decline is unlikely. Least concern. VERNACULAR NAME. Thai: Hom Pa (Chiang Mai). NOTE. Platostoma siamense differs from P. coloratum in its wider and strongly backwards-reflexed median lobe of the posterior calyx lip, in the strongly upcurved anterior lip that closes or nearly closes the throat, and in the denser indumentum. 6. Platostoma lanceolatum (Chermsir. ex Murata) A. J. Paton (1997: 274). Type: as basionym below. Geniosporum lanceolatum Chermsir. ex Murata (1976: 186, f. 1 & f. 2, 1 – 3; 1977: 26). Type: Thailand, Petchaburi, Tung Luang, in open deciduous forest, c. 100 m, 8 Nov. 1931, Kerr 20598 (holotype BK!; isotypes A!, 2 shts. BM!, C!, US!). Erect shrubs to 1.5 m tall. Stems quadrangular or round-quadrangular, simple or branched, puberulent to pubescent. Leaves sessile or subsessile, chartaceous, linear-lanceolate, 20 – 85 × 5 – 18 mm, apex acuminate, base cuneate or attenuate, margin serrate in distal half, entire in proximal half, scabrate above with denser hairs on midrib, tomentose with sessile glands beneath, glands minute; petioles obscure to 3 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescence terminal, simple or branched, 30 – 80 × 12 – 18 mm, verticils up to 12 mm apart, cymes with 2 short secund branches; bracts with 1 – 2 lower pairs leaf-like, with pale colour at base, upper bracts caducous, ovate-lanceolate, 3 – 25 × 3 – 10 mm, acuminate, adaxial pubescent in upper half and subglabrous in lower half, abaxial densely pubescent with sessile glands, often forming a terminal coma on young inflorescence, each bract subtending 3 – 8 flowers; pedicels 1 – 3 mm long in flower, 2 – 4 mm long and pubescent in fruits. Calyx TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 43 C 1 mm A B D 5 mm 5 mm 1 cm Fig. 6. Platostoma lanceolatum. A habit; B bracts forming comas on young inflorescence; C flower; D fruiting calyx. (A from Kerr 20598, BM; B & C from Kerr 19774, BM; D from Marcan 2752, K). DRAWN BY EMMANUEL PAPADOPOULOS. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 44 campanulate, 4 – 5.5 mm long at anthesis; 5 – 6 mm long in fruit; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe oblong, acute or obtuse at apex, puberulent on both sides, lateral teeth narrowly triangular, c. 1 mm long, acute; anterior lip with 2 lanceolate teeth, shortly connate at base, slightly upcurved, shorter than posterior; tube subvillous with minute sessile glands outside, glabrous or glabrescent inside, strongly pitted with transverse secondary veins, without spur on anterior base. Corolla white, 5 – 6 mm long; posterior lip 4-lobed, obtuse, the 2 middle lobes longer than the 2 outer lobes; anterior lip entire, concave, slightly longer than posterior; throat villous; tube 2 – 4 mm long, dilated towards throat, villous with minute sessile glands outside. Stamens exserted, rarely exceeding anterior corolla lobe, villous at base; anterior pair attached around the base of the anterior corolla lobe; posterior pair attached around the midpoint of corolla tube, inappendiculate. Ovary glabrous below, papillose at apex. Style exserted, shortly bifid, not exceeding anterior stamens. Disc lobed with the anterior side well developed. Nutlets dark brown, oblong, 1.2 × 0.8 mm, smooth below, papillose at apex, not producing mucilage when wet. Fig. 6. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. THAILAND : Kanchanaburi, Kao Tawng, c. 100 m, 19 Oct. 1930, Kerr 19774 (paratypes of Geniosporum lanceolatum, A, 2 shts. BM, C); Petchaburi, Tung Luang, c. 100 m, 8 Nov. 1931, Kerr 20598 (holotype BK; isotypes A, 2 shts. BM, C, US). Petchaburi, Tung Luang, 30 m, 10 Nov. 1931, Marcan 2752 (ABD, BM, K); Kanchanaburi, Sadong Game Reserve, 150 m, 18 Nov. 1970, Smitinand 11368 (BKF); Kanchanaburi, Salak Phra Wildlife Sanctaury, Sadong, 290 m, 29 Sept. 1998, Suddee et al. 860 (BKF, K, TCD). ECOLOGY. In deciduous forest; 30 – 300 m. Flowering October – November, fruiting November – December. DISTRIBUTION. Thailand (endemic). Map 6. CONSERVATION. Known from four localities, two of which are in protected areas. Estimated extent of occurrence is 200 km2, but unlikely to decline. Least concern. KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 10 – 30 × 5 – 18 mm, apex obtuse, acute or rounded, base cuneate, obtuse or rounded, margin serrate-crenate, scabrate on both sides with short sparse stiff hairs; petioles 2 – 8 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescence terminal only, 50 – 120 mm long; verticils up to 35 mm apart; cymes unbranched; bracts sessile, persistent, ovate, up to 15 mm long and 10 mm wide, acute or shortly acuminate, glabrous on both sides, abaxial with sessile glands, each bract subtending 1 – 5 flowers; pedicels up to 6 mm long in fruits, glandular pubescent or glabrescent with short patent hairs. Calyx widely campanulate, 2.5 – 3 mm long at anthesis, 3 – 4 mm long in fruit; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe obovate-orbicular, rounded or apiculate at apex, margin ciliate or not, decurrent on tube, lateral teeth triangular, 1.5 – 2 mm long, ciliate; anterior lip broadly oblong, flat, straight, or slightly upcurved, subequal or slightly shorter than posterior, rounded, obtuse or shallowly emarginate at apex, ciliate, longitudinal nerves prominent; tube short, glandular pubescent with patent hairs outside, glabrous inside except the thinly pubescent throat, without spur on anterior base. Corolla white, 5 – 10 mm long, spurred; posterior lip 4-lobed, 2 – 3 mm long, obtuse, glabrous or glabrescent on inner side, 2 middle lobes broader and longer; anterior lip oblong, 2.5 – 4 mm long, entire, concave, longer than posterior; tube 3 – 5 mm long, straight or nearly so, villous outside with sparse yellow sessile glands, villous with denser hairs on anterior side inside; spur gibbous, never exceeding the median lobe of the posterior calyx lip, broadly obtuse at apex. Stamens with anterior pair slightly exserted, attached around the base of anterior corolla lobe, glabrous; posterior pair often included, attached at the base of the corolla tube, dilated toward base and decurrent into spur, finely villous to half way from base, inappendiculate. Ovary glabrous. Style included or slightly exserted, bifid with subequal branches. Disc lobed with the anterior side well developed. Nutlets brown, subglobose, 0.8 – 1 mm in diameter, reticulate, not producing mucilage when wet. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. THAILAND: 7. Platostoma intermedium A. J. Paton (1997: 279, f. 6E – F). Type: Chiang Mai, Mae Tuen, 1100 – 1300 m, 3 July 1922, Kerr 6217 (holotype K!; isotypes 3 shts. BM!). Erect or ascending perennial herbs 0.10 – 0.60 m tall, with a small woody rootstock. Stems quadrangular, branched, usually with many stems arising from the rootstock, pubescent below, hairs much longer and denser at nodes, becoming glandular patentpubescent on the inflorescence axis, old stem glabrescent. Leaves petiolate, chartaceous, ovate, © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 Chaiyaphum, Tung Kamang, c. 15°40'N 102°00'E, 850 m, 30 May 1974, Geesink, Hattink & Phengkhlai 7070 (AAU, BKF, C, K, KYO, L, P); Chiang Mai, Mae Tuen, 1100 – 1300 m, 3 July 1922, Kerr 6217 (holotype K; isotypes 3 shts. BM); Loei, Phu Kradung, Huay Hin Kaury, c. 1300 m, 14 July 1959, Smitinand & Flato 5940 (ABD, BKF, KYO); Chaiyaphum, Phu Khiew W.S., Students Nature Trail, 810 m, 11 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 947 (BKF, K, TCD). ECOLOGY. Open grassy forest, edges of evergreen forest, pine forest, alt. 700 – 1300 m. Flowering and fruiting February – September. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 45 Map 7. Distribution of Platostoma ocimoides (▲); P. intermedium (●); P. becquerelii (★) and P. kerrii (◆). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 46 Thailand (endemic). Map 7. Thai: Kan Pong, Sara Nae Hin, Yah Hang Mang Jie (Loei). NOTE. The spur of this species is obvious in living material, but very obscure (only gibbous) in dried specimens; the species key allows for identification with either interpretation. DISTRIBUTION. VERNACULAR NAMES. 8. Platostoma ocimoides (G. Taylor) A. J. Paton (1997: 281). Type: as basionym below. Ceratanthus ocimoides G. Taylor (1936: 41); Doan (1936: 955); Budantsev (1999: 27). Type: Cambodia, Preacan, in forest clearing, Aug. 1873, Harmand s.n. (P! lectotype chosen here; isolectotype BM!, photo K!). Erect perennial herbs, 0.30 – 0.40 m tall, with a woody rootstock. Stems round-quadrangular, with many stems arising from the rootstock, villous-pilose with patent hairs, becoming denser on the inflorescence axis, old stems glabrescent. Leaves regularly arranged along stem, petiolate, chartaceous, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 10 – 20 × 5 – 10 mm, apex acute or acute-obtuse, base obtuse or shortly cuneate, margin serrate-crenate, densely pilose-villous on both sides; petioles 1 – 2 mm long, densely pubescent. Inflorescence terminal only, 50 – 200 mm long; verticils up to 20 mm apart; cymes unbranched; bracts sessile, persistent, ovate, 2 – 7 × 1.5 – 7 mm, acute, adaxial pubescent on upper part and subglabrous on lower part, abaxial densely pubescent, sessile glands hardly visible, each bract subtending 2 – 4 flowers; pedicels 1 – 2.5 mm long, 2 – 4 mm long and densely pubescent in fruits. Calyx widely campanulate, 2.5 mm long at anthesis, 3 – 4 mm long in fruit; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe orbicular, margin ciliate, decurrent on tube, pubescent on both sides, lateral teeth minute, triangular, c. 1 mm long, ciliate; anterior lip rectangular, flat, elongate, straight or slightly upcurved, shorter than posterior, slightly emarginate or subtruncate at apex, longitudinal nerves prominent, denticulate at apex; tube short, glandular-villous with sparse sessile glands outside, glabrous inside, without spur on anterior base. Corolla blue, 8 – 10 mm long, spurred; posterior lip subequally 4-lobed or the 2 middle lobes slightly broader, with dark blue lines inside, 1 – 1.5 mm long, lobes acute or obtuse, glabrous on inner side; anterior lip oblong, 2.5 mm long, entire, curved downwards and backwards, longer than posterior, finely glandular-villous near throat; tube 5 – 6 mm long, upcurved, glandular-villous outside with sessile glands, villous on anterior side inside; spur short, equal or slightly exceeding the median lobe of the posterior calyx lip, obtuse or rounded at apex. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) Stamens with anterior pair slightly exserted, attached around the base of anterior corolla lobe, glabrous; posterior pair often included, attached at the base of the corolla tube, dilated toward base and decurrent into spur, finely villous for 3/4 of their length from base, inappendiculate. Ovary glabrous. Disc lobed with anterior side well developed. Style included, bifid with subequal branches. Nutlets brown, subglobose, c. 0.8 – 1 mm in diameter, smooth, not producing mucilage when wet. Fig. 7. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMBODIA : Preacan, in forest clearing, Aug. 1873, Harmand s.n. (lectotype P; isolectotype BM). THAILAND : Si Sa Ket, Kantaralak District, Dongrek Range at Chong Bat Lak, 14°30'N 104°00'E, 500 m, 16 Aug. 1976, Maxwell 76-506 (AAU, L); Ubon Ratchathani, Pha Tam N.P., 300 m, 6 Sept. 1997, Suddee 788 (BKF, K, TCD); Ubon Ratchathani, Khemarat Distr., road no 2112 Khemarat – Posai, 15°50'79"N 105°21'06"E, 100 m, 18 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 996 (BKF, K, TCD). ECOLOGY. Savanna, deciduous dipterocarp forest; up to 500 m. Flowering and fruiting August – October. DISTRIBUTION. Cambodia, Thailand. Map 7. NOTE. This species is closely related to Platostoma intermedium but differs in having a more prominent spur, a denser indumentum, more prominent bracts and gland-tipped hairs on the corolla. The species was recorded from Kon Tum, Vietnam by Budantsev (1999) but that specimen has not been seen for this study. 9. Platostoma stoloniferum (G. Taylor) A. J. Paton (1997: 280). Type: as basionym below. Ceratanthus stolonifer G. Taylor (1936: 39); Doan (1936: 952); Murata (1976: 180). Type: Laos, Boloven Plateau near Bassac between Mong Bok Kao and Phong Thani, alt. 900 m, 6 Oct. 1928, Poilane 15852 (holotype P!, photo K!; isotype HM!). Stoloniferous and ascending herbs 0.25 m tall, rooting at nodes. Stems rarely branched, quadrangular, glabrescent or pubescent, becoming denser on the inflorescence axis. Leaves petiolate, chartaceous, 2 – 3 pairs, forming a rosette near stem base, ovate, or ovate-elliptic, 35 – 65 × 20 – 40 mm, apex acute, base cuneate, margin serrate-crenate, scabrate both sides with denser and longer hairs on veins; petioles slender, 10 – 30 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescence terminal only, 120 – 150 mm long; verticils up to 25 mm apart; cymes unbranched; bracts sessile, persistent, ovate, 2 – 3 × 1.5 – 2.5 mm, acute or mucronate, ciliate, adaxial pubescent, abaxial glabrous, sessile glands restricted to both sides at apex; each bract subtending 2 – 7 flowers; TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 1 mm 47 D C B A 1 cm 1 cm Fig. 7. Platostoma ocimoides. A habit; B rootstock; C corolla; D fruiting calyx. (All from Suddee 788, K). DRAWN BY EMMANUEL PAPADOPOULOS. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 48 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) Map 8. Distribution of Platostoma stoloniferum (▲); P. annamense (●); P. calcaratum var. calcaratum (■) and P. calcaratum var. garrettii (★). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE pedicels slender, 3 – 5 mm long in flower, 5 – 6 mm long and pubescent in fruits. Calyx widely campanulate, 2.5 – 3 mm long at anthesis, 3.5 – 4 mm long in fruit; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe orbicular, 2 mm wide, margin decurrent on tube, ciliate, glabrescent on both sides, lateral teeth minute, oblique-triangular, c. 1 mm long; anterior lip rectangular, flat, straight, subequal to posterior, emarginate at apex, longitudinal nerves prominent, ciliate at apex; tube short, pubescent with sparse sessile glands outside, glabrous inside, without spur on anterior base. Corolla violet, 12 – 20 mm long, spurred; posterior lip subequally 4-lobed, 2 – 3 mm long, lobes acute-obtuse, glabrous inside; anterior lip oblong, 3 – 4 mm long, entire, slightly concave, longer than posterior, inner side base pubescent; tube straight, pubescent outside with sparse sessile glands, thinly pubescent at throat inside at the base of corolla lobes; spur 4 – 7 mm long, straight or slightly upcurved, exceeding the median lobe of the posterior calyx lip, obtuse at apex. Stamens with anterior pair slightly exserted, attached around the base of anterior corolla lobe, glabrous; posterior pair often included, attached at the base of the corolla tube, dilated toward base and decurrent into spur, finely villous for 3/4 of their length from base, inappendiculate. Ovary glabrous. Style slightly exserted, bifid with subequal branches. Disc lobed with the anterior side well developed. Nutlets black, oblong, c. 0.8 – 1 mm long, finely reticulate, not producing mucilage when wet. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. LAOS : Boloven Plateau near Bassac between Mong Bok Kao and Phong Thani, alt. 900 m, 6 Oct. 1928, Poilane 15852 (holotype P; isotype HM); Nape, Recue en December 1903, Spire 151 (P). THAILAND: Trat, Klong Non Si, Kaw Chang Island, 1.50 m, 26 Sept. 1924, Kerr 9180 (2 shts. BM). ECOLOGY. In moist and shady places. Flowering and fruiting July – October. DISTRIBUTION. Laos and Thailand. Map 8. CONSERVATION. Known from 3 localities. The populations from Trat, last collected in 1924, could not be traced during recent field work. Decline in the extent of occurrence is likely. Based on all localities the extent of occurrence is estimated to be around 10,000 km2. VU B1 ab(i,iii) + D2. NOTE. Platostoma stoloniferum (as Ceratanthus stolonifer) was also recorded from Kontum, central Vietnam by Hô (1993: 1075), Budantsev (1999: 28) and Phuong (2000: 42). The illustrations in Hô (1993) and Phuong (2000) indicate that the plant does produce stolons but that the leaves are ovate, small, and regularly arranged along the stem. Several specimens seen in HN herbarium, collected from central Vietnam, clearly corresponded to the illustration and are actually Platostoma calcaratum var. garrettii. 49 10. Platostoma annamense (G. Taylor) A. J. Paton (1997: 280). Type: as basionym below. Ceratanthus annamensis G. Taylor (1936: 39); Doan (1936: 953); Murata (1976: 180); Phuong (1995: 34); Budantsev (1999: 27); Phuong (2000: 41). Type: Vietnam, Annam, Yabak, alt. 800 – 900 m, 2 – 3 Oct. 1917, Chevalier 36445 (holotype P!, photo K!). Erect or ascending herbs up to 0.40 m tall, sometimes producing stolons. Stems mostly very short, occasionally long creeping and ascending, and rooting at nodes, rarely branched, quadrangular, pubescent below, becoming denser and glandular-pubescent on the inflorescence axis, old stem glabrescent. Leaves petiolate, membranous or chartaceous, 2 – 3 pairs, subradical (several pairs in well-spaced and regularly arranged along stem in the creeping and ascending habit), broadly elliptic or broadly obovate, 50 – 250 × 25 – 80 mm, apex rounded or obtuse, base cuneate, margin crenate or serrate-crenate, pubescent on both sides with longer hairs on veins; petioles 30 – 70 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescence terminal, purple, 100 – 500 mm long; verticils up to 40 mm apart; cymes unbranched; bracts sessile, persistent or caducous, ovate, 3 – 5 × 2 – 4 mm, acute or mucronate, adaxial pubescent or glabrescent, abaxial densely pubescent, with or without sessile glands; each bract subtending 3 – 5 flowers; pedicels slender, 3 – 15 mm long, densely glandular-pubescent and usually curved downward in fruit. Calyx widely campanulate, 2 – 3 mm long at anthesis, 4 – 5 mm long in fruit; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe orbicular, 3 – 4 mm wide, rounded or shallowly emarginate at apex, margin decurrent on tube, ciliate, pubescent on both sides, lateral teeth minute, obtuse or rounded at apex, ciliate or not; anterior lip oblong, upcurved, subequal or shorter than posterior, emarginate and ciliate at apex, longitudinal nerves subprominent; tube short, glandular-pubescent with or without sessile glands outside, glabrous inside, without spur on anterior base. Corolla purple, 8 – 20 mm long, spurred; posterior lip 4-lobed, 3 – 4 mm long, obtuse, glabrous inside, 2 middle lobes slightly longer; anterior lip oblong, 3 – 5 mm long, entire, concave, longer than posterior; tube straight, glandular-pubescent with sparse sessile glands outside, glabrous or very thinly glandular-pubescent inside throat; spur up to 12 mm long, far exceeding the median lobe of posterior calyx lip, straight or slightly upcurved, obtuse at apex. Stamens with anterior pair slightly exserted, attached around the base of anterior corolla lobe, glabrous; posterior pair often included, attached at the base of the corolla tube, dilated toward base and decurrent into spur, finely pubescent for 3/4 of their length from base, inappendiculate. Ovary glabrous. Style slightly exserted, bifid with subequal branches. Disc lobed with the anterior side well developed. Nutlets black, oblong© The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 50 ellipsoid, 0.8 – 1 × 1 – 1.2 mm, distinctly reticulate, not producing mucilage when wet. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMBODIA : Kampong Cham, 11 July 1928, Poilane 15409 (P). THAILAND: Kanchanaburi, Ku-Jae, c. 150 km NW of Kanchanaburi, 100 – 150 m, 22 July 1946, Kostermans 1305 (A, C, MO, P, SING); Si Sa Ket, Kantaralak Distr., Dongrak Range at Chong Bat Lak, 14°30'N 104°00'E, 650 m, 17 Aug. 1976, Maxwell 76-525 (AAU, L); Sakon Nakhon, Kham Hom waterfall, Phu Phan National Park, 17°07'40"N 104°01'15"E, 280 m, 21 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 1028 (BKF); Lampang, Me Ngow, 440 m, 26 Aug. 1922, Winit 750 (BM). VIETNAM: Annam, Yabak, alt. 800 – 900 m, 2 – 3 Oct. 1917, Chevalier 36445 (holotype P). ECOLOGY. Open or shady area in evergreen forest, edges of evergreen forest; 100 – 900 m. Flowering and fruiting July – October. DISTRIBUTION. Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam. Map 8. VERNACULAR NAME. Thai: Khaao kam (Sakon Nakhon). NOTE. Platostoma annamense is closely related to P. stoloniferum. Both species have a very short stem with the leaves subradical or forming a rosette near the stem base. Platostoma stoloniferum always produces stolons whereas P. annamense only occasionally does so [Poilane 15409 (P)]. The occasional well-spaced and regular arrangment of leaves along stem can also be seen in P. annamense [Geesink & Phengkhlai 6212 (L)]. P. annamense differs in being a larger plant and always has a purple inflorescence. In the key to species, there are two routes to P. annamense to account for the variation in habit. 11. Platostoma calcaratum (Hemsl.) A. J. Paton (1997: 281). Type: as basionym below. Plectranthus calcaratus Hemsl. (1900: t. 2671); Dunn (1915: 144). Type: China, Yunnan, c. 1370 m, Henry 12339 (holotype K!; isotype E!). Hemsleia calcarata (Hemsl.) Kudo (1929: 143). Type: as for P. calcaratus. Ceratanthus calcaratus (Hemsl.) G. Taylor (1936: 40; 1938: 296); Mukerjee (1940: 36); Hsuan (1977: 535, f. 113, 1 – 7); Li & Hedge (1994: 291). Type: as for P. calcaratus. Annual or short-lived perennial herbs, often stoloniferous, ascending to 0.50 m, rooting at nodes near stem base. Stems quadrangular, shortly glabrescent-pubescent or pilose-villous below, KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) becoming denser and glandular-villous on the inflorescence axis, old stems glabrous to glabrescent, usually branched. Leaves petiolate, membranous or chartaceous, regularly arranged along stem, ovate, 10 – 45 × 5 – 30 mm, apex acute or shortly acuminate, base cuneate, sometimes tapering to petiole, margin serrate-crenate, glabrous or sparsely adpressedpubescent on both sides with denser hairs on veins or densely pilose above, pubescent beneath, with sessile glands beneath; petioles 2 – 35 mm long, pubescent or densely pilose. Inflorescence terminal only, 50 – 200 mm long; verticils 5 – 25 mm apart; cymes unbranched; bracts sessile, persistent, ovate, 2 – 6 × 1.5 – 4 mm, acute or acuminate, ciliate, adaxial glabrous or sparsely pubescent, abaxial sparsely to densely villous with sessile glands, each bract subtending 1 – 3 flowers; pedicels slender, 2 – 5 mm long in flower, 4 – 8 mm long and glandular villous in fruits. Calyx widely campanulate, 2 – 3 mm long at anthesis, 3 – 7 mm long in fruit; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe orbicular, rounded or shortly apiculate at apex, sometimes shallowly emarginate, margin ciliate, decurrent on tube, glabrescent to pubescent on both sides, lateral teeth minute, acute, obtuse or rounded, ciliate or not; anterior lip rectangular, straight or slightly upcurved, subequal to posterior, emarginate, rounded or truncate at apex, longitudinal nerves obscure, ciliate at apex; tube short, glandular villous with yellow sessile glands outside, thinly pubescent at throat inside, without spur on anterior base. Corolla purple, 10 – 20 mm long, spurred; posterior lip 4lobed, 2 – 4 mm long, 2 middle lobes slightly longer, acute-obtuse, glabrous or thinly pubescent on inner side; anterior lip oblong, 3 – 5 mm long, entire, slightly concave, longer than posterior, glabrous or thinly pubescent at base near throat inside; tube straight, dilated toward throat, villous outside with yellow sessile glands, glabrous or thinly pubescent inside throat; spur up to 12 mm long, straight or slightly upcurved, far exceeding the median lobe of the posterior calyx lip, obtuse at apex. Stamens slightly exserted; anterior pair attached around the base of anterior corolla lobe, glabrous; posterior pair attached at the base of the corolla tube, dilated toward base and decurrent into spur, finely and thinly villous at base, inappendiculate. Ovary glabrous. Style slightly exserted, bifid with subequal branches. Disc lobed with the anterior side well developed. Nutlets black, oblongellipsoid, c. 1 mm long, reticulate, not producing mucilage when wet. Key to the varieties of P. calcaratum 1. Leaf glabrous or sparsely adpressed-pubescent on both sides with denser hairs on veins · · · i. var. calcaratum 1. Leaf densely pilose above, pubescent beneath · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ii. var. garrettii © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE i. var. calcaratum Short-lived perennial herbs, ascending to 0.40 m. Stems shortly glabrescent-pubescent below, becoming glandular-villous on the inflorescence axis. Leaves 15 – 40 × 5 – 20 mm, glabrous or sparsely adpressedpubescent both sides with denser hairs on veins; petioles 2 – 8 mm long, pubescent. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BURMA : Southern Shan States, March – April 1910, MacGregor 841 (K). Also specimen from Southern China: Yunnan, mountains west of Szemao, c. 1520 m, presented by Dr. Henry, 1900, Henry 12339A (K). ECOLOGY. In forest; 1300 – 1500 m. Flowering and fruiting March – April. DISTRIBUTION. Southern China (Yunnan), Eastern Burma. Map 8. CONSERVATION. Known from two localities. Estimated extent of occurrence is 400 km2. The Burmese population is in an area of cultivation so decline in habitat is likely. EN B1 ab(i,iii). NOTE. Taylor (1936) used the emarginate apex of the anterior fruiting calyx lip as a main character to separate Ceratanthus calcaratus from the rest of the species in this group. However, on the type specimen, the apices of the anterior lip of the fruiting calyx are not always emarginate; rounded and truncate apices can also be found. ii. var. garrettii (Craib) S. Suddee stat. nov. Type: as basionym below. Plectranthus garrettii Craib (1914: 132). Type: Thailand, Doi Angka (Inthanon), Chiang Mai, 1142 m, 1 Oct. 1910, Garrett 65 (holotype K!; isotypes BKF!, E!, L!). Ceratanthus garrettii (Craib) G. Taylor (1936: 40); Murata (1976: 180). Type: as for P. garrettii. Platostoma garrettii (Craib) A. J. Paton (1997: 281). Type: as for P. garrettii. Ceratanthus annamensis sensu Phuong (1982: 129) non G. Taylor (1936). Ceratanthus stolonifer sensu auctt. Hô (1993: 1075) non G. Taylor (1936); Phuong (1995: 34); Budantsev (1999: 28); Phuong (2000: 42). Ceratanthus sp., Hô (1993: 1075). Annual or short-lived perennial stoloniferous herbs, ascending to 0.50 m, rooting at nodes near stem base. Stems pilose-villous below, becoming glandular-villous on the inflorescence axis. Leaves 10 – 50 × 8 – 30 mm, densely pilose above, pubescent beneath; petioles slender, up to 35 mm long, densely pilose. Fig. 8. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. THAILAND: Chiang Mai, Chiang Dao, Mae Taman, c. 1400 m, 27 Sept. 1994, 51 BGO Staff 1878 (QBG); Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon (Doi Angka), Pah Ngeam, Mae Wang drainage, 18°40'N 98°32.5'E, 1142 m, 1 Oct. 1910, Garrett 65 (holotype K; isotypes BKF, E, L); Kanchanaburi, Sangkhla Buri, 8 July 1973, Maxwell 73-220 (AAU); Petchabun, Nam Nao National Park, 16°44'N 101°34'E, 780 m, 8 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 910 (BKF, K, TCD). VIETNAM : Mang Canh, Konplong, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, 23 Nov. 1978, Phuong 730 (5 shts. HN); idem, 100 – 1200 m, 27 May 1985, LX-VN 2226 (LE). ECOLOGY. Open grassy areas in savanna or shady places in evergreen forest; 750 – 1400 m. Flowering and fruiting September – October. DISTRIBUTION. Thailand, Vietnam. Map 8 NOTE. Platostoma calcaratum var. garretti differs from var. calcaratum only in the degree of hairiness. There is no clear geographical discontinuity between these two taxa. For this reason, the two taxa are recognised here as varieties. 12. Platostoma becquerelii S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, sp. nov., P. kerrii nobis forma calycis corollaeque similis sed habitu herbaceae perenne nec subaquatica annua, foliis atque calyce in fructu corollaque longioribus, bracteis ad basin cordatis nec truncatis differt. Typus: Cambodia, Mountain Elephant, alt. 900 m, 5 Dec. 1933, Poilane 23138 (holotypus P!; isotypi A, 2 shts. K!, 3 shts. P!). Platostoma becquerelii (Doan) A. J. Paton (1997: 280), comb. inval. Ceratanthus becquerelii Doan (1936: 952, f. 100, 1 – 6), nom. inval.; Budantsev (1999: 27). Erect perennial herbs up to 1 m tall, rootstocks woody. Stems quadrangular, with many stems arising from the old rootstock, much branched, lower part of stem glabrous, becoming glandular pubescent on upper part with longer and denser hairs at nodes, often glandular-punctate on 2 opposite sides on younger part of stem. Leaves subsessile, chartaceous, regularly arranged along stem, linear-lanceolate, 20 – 70 × 4 – 12 mm, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate, decurrent to a very short petiole with a row of hairs on upper side, margin coarsely serrate, puberulent with hairs confined to midrib above, scattered on veins beneath. Inflorescence terminal only, 50 – 250 mm long; verticils up to 20 mm apart; axis glandular pubescent; cymes unbranched; bracts sessile, persistent or caducous, ovate, 2 – 8 × 2 – 5 mm, acute or acuminate, cordate at base, adaxial glabrous, abaxial pubescent with sparse sessile glands, each bract subtending 1 – 3 flowers; pedicels 3 – 7 mm long in flower, 5 – 8 mm long and glandular pubescent in fruit. Calyx widely campanulate, 1 – 3 mm long at anthesis, 4 – 6 mm long in fruit, bilabiate; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe orbicular, margin sparsely © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 52 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) B 1 mm A 1 mm C 1 cm Fig. 8. Platostoma calcaratum var. garrettii. A habit; B corolla; C fruiting calyx. (A from Garrett 65, K; B & C from Suddee et al. 910, K). DRAWN BY EMMANUEL PAPADOPOULOS. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE ciliate, decurrent on tube, glandular pubescent outside, glabrous on inner side, lateral teeth triangular, c. 2 mm long, ciliate or not; anterior lip rectangular, slightly upcurved, subequal to posterior, emarginate at apex, longitudinal nerves prominent, denticulate and sparsely ciliate at apex; tube short, glandular pubescent with or without sparse sessile glands outside, glabrous inside, without spur on anterior base. Corolla violet, 10 – 15 mm long, spurred; posterior lip subequally 4-lobed, c. 3 mm long, lobes acute-obtuse, glabrous on inner side; anterior lip oblong, c. 4 mm long, entire, concave, slightly longer than posterior; tube straight, glandular-pubescent outside with sparse sessile glands, pubescent inside with thinner hairs at throat; spur c. 3 mm long, slightly exceeding the median lobe of the posterior calyx lip, obtuse at apex. Stamens with anterior pair slightly exserted, attached around the base of anterior corolla lobe, glabrous; posterior pair often included, attached at the base of the corolla tube, dilated toward base and decurrent into spur, pubescent to half way from base, inappendiculate. Ovary glabrous. Style slightly exserted, bifid with subequal branches. Disc lobed with the anterior side well developed. Nutlets brown, subglobose, c. 0.8 – 1 mm in diameter, reticulate, not producing mucilage when wet. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMBODIA: Elephant Mt, 900 m, 5 Dec. 1933, Poilane 23138 (holotype P; isotypes 2 shts. K, 3 shts. P). ECOLOGY. Mountains, alt. up to 900 m. Flowering and fruiting October – December. DISTRIBUTION. Cambodia, known only from the typelocality. Map 7. CONSERVATION. Known only from the type, which was collected from a protected area. More information is required. DD. 13. Platostoma kerrii S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, sp. nov., P. becquerelii forma calycis corollaeque similis sed foliis atque calyce in fructu corollaque brevioribus differt. Herba annua subaquatica caule carnoso nec perennis terrestris caudice ligneo. Typus: Thailand, Sa Kaeo, Wathananakhon (Watana), 14 Oct. 1928, Put 1924 (holotypus BM!; isotypus BM!). Platostoma kerrii (Doan) A. J. Paton (1997: 281), comb. inval. Ceratanthus kerrii Doan (1936: 953), nom. inval.; Murata (1971: 492; 1976: 180). Erect annual, subaquatic herbs, 0.12 – 0.40 m tall. Stems fleshy, much branched, round-quadrangular and glabrous below, becoming quadrangular and pubescent on upper part and inflorescence axis. Leaves small, sessile, membranous, regularly arranged along stem, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 5 – 12 × 1.5 – 53 5 mm, apex acute or obtuse, margin entire, glabrous or glabrescent with sessile glands on both sides, glands very prominent beneath. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, simple or branched, 40 – 300 mm long; verticils up to 15 mm apart; axis glandular-punctate; cymes unbranched; bracts sessile, persistent, ovate, 2 – 3 × 1 – 2 mm, acute, glabrous or glabrescent with sessile glands on both sides, each bract subtending 1 – 3 flowers; pedicels 2 – 3 mm long in flower, 2.5 – 3.5 mm long and pubescent in fruits. Calyx widely campanulate, very short, c. 1 mm long at anthesis, 2 – 3 mm long in fruit; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe orbicular-obovate, rounded or apiculate at apex, margin ciliate, decurrent on tube, pubescent on both sides, lateral teeth minute, triangular, c. 1 mm long, ciliate or not, apex acute or acuminate; anterior lip broadly oblong, straight or slightly upcurved, subequal or shorter than posterior, truncate or emarginate-truncate and ciliate at apex, longitudinal nerves subprominent; tube short, glandular-pubescent with yellow sessile glands outside, glabrous or thinly pubescent inside, without spur on anterior base. Corolla violet, 3 – 4.5 mm long, spurred; posterior lip 4-lobed, 1.5 – 2 mm long, lobes obtuse, glabrous on inner side, 2 middle lobes longer; anterior lip oblong, 1.5 – 2 mm long, entire, concave; tube straight, dilated toward throat, glandular-pubescent outside with sparse yellow sessile glands, glabrous inside; spur short, 1 – 2 mm long, exceeding the median lobe of the posterior calyx lip, slightly upcurved, minutely saccate on lateral sides near tip, obtuse at apex. Stamens with anterior pair slightly exserted, attached around the base of anterior corolla lobe, glabrous; posterior pair often included, attached at the base of the corolla tube, dilated toward base and decurrent into spur, thinly pubescent at the point of insertion, inappendiculate. Ovary glabrous. Style exserted or not, bifid with subequal branches. Disc lobed with the anterior side well developed. Nutlets dark brown, 0.8 – 1 × 0.4 – 0.5 mm, minutely tuberculate, not producing mucilage when wet. Fig. 9. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMBODIA : Siem Reap, Dongrak, between Samrong and Onlong Vein, 30 Oct. 1927, Poilane 13828 (P). THAILAND : Surin, Sang Ka, c. 100 m, 11 Jan. 1924, Kerr 8256 (BM); Sa Kaeo, Aran Pratet, c. 50 m, 8 Aug. 1930, Kerr 19573 (2 shts. BM); Trang, Ban Kuan Pring, Muang Distr., 10 m, 21 Nov. 1986, Maxwell 86-962 (A, PCMU); Sa Kaeo, Wathananakhon (Watana), 14 Oct. 1928, Put 1924 (holotype BM; isotype BM); Sa Kaeo, Aran Prathet, 20 Oct. 1928, Put 2071 (2 shts. BM); Ubon Ratchathani, Dong Fah Huan Botanical Garden, 250 m, 4 Sept. 1997, Suddee 769 (BKF, K, TCD). ECOLOGY. In wet areas on sandy soil, open places, rice fields, alt. to 300 m. Flowering and fruiting September – October. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 54 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) A C 1 mm B 1 cm Fig. 9. Platostoma kerrii. A habit; B flower; C fruiting calyx. (All from Suddee 769, K). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 DRAWN BY EMMANUEL PAPADOPOULOS. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE DISTRIBUTION. Cambodia, Thailand. Map 7. Cambodian: So bang canh. VERNACULAR NAMES. 14. Platostoma fimbriatum A. J. Paton (1997: 284, f. 7A, D – E). Type: Thailand, Sakon Nakhon, Phu Phan National Park, trail North of Park H. Q., 1 Nov. 1994, Chantaranothai & Simpson 1642 (holotype K!). Ascending annual herbs, up to 0.3 m tall. Stems quadrangular, usually branched near stem base, unbranched above, glabrous to sparsely pubescent with denser and longer hairs at nodes. Leaves sessile or subsessile, chartaceous, linear or linear-oblong, 10 – 40 × 2 – 5 mm, apex acute, base attenuate, margin entire, often inrolled when dry, glabrous all over or sparsely pubescent with denser and longer hairs on veins both sides. Inflorescence purple, terminal, up to 150 mm long; verticils 5 – 30 mm apart, never spikelike; cymes unbranched or branches obscure; bracts purple, similar to leaves but reduced in size upwards, up to 20 mm long in the lowest pair, exceeding verticil, each subtending 5 – 7 flowers; pedicels 2 mm long in flower, 3 – 5 mm long in fruit. Calyx widely campanulate, 3 mm long at anthesis, tubular, 4 – 6 mm long in fruit; posterior lip 3-lobed, glabrous on both sides, margin with conspicuous spreading hairs, median lobe ovate or orbicular-oblong, acute at apex, slightly decurrent on tube, lateral lobes minutely apiculate near the base of median lobe (prominent in flower), anterior margins expanded greatly downward, meeting each other under throat; anterior lip oblong, 1 – 1.5 mm long, rounded or slightly emarginate at apex, curved upwards and closing throat, glabrous both sides; tube prominently pitted by secondary transverse veins, hispid outside, without spur on anterior base. Corolla purple, c. 6 mm long; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe subtruncate or obscurely emarginate, margin curved backward, lateral lobes minute, ovate-oblong, erect, obtuse at apex, longer than median lobe; anterior lip ovateorbicular, 3 – 4 mm long, slightly concave, villous outside, margin fimbriate; tube 2.5 mm long, abruptly expanded above ovary, gibbous on posterior side. Stamens exserted, not exceeding anterior corolla lip; anterior pair attached at the base of anterior corolla lobe, thinly pubescent at base; posterior pair attached near the base of corolla tube, villous, with long appendage at base. Ovary glabrous. Style bifid with pointed unequal branches, anterior branch longer, not exceeding anterior stamens. Disc with anterior side well developed, obtuse at apex, not exceeding ovary. Nutlets brown, oblong, c. 1 mm long, minutely striate, producing mucilage when wet. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. THAILAND : Sakon Nakhon, Phu Phan National Park, trail North of Park H.Q., 250 m, 55 1 Nov. 1994, Chantaranothai & Simpson 1642 (holotype K); idem, 4 Nov. 1997, Puudjaa & Jonganuruk 438 (BKF, K); idem, 9 Sept. 1997, Suddee 823 (BKF, K, TCD); idem, 260 m, 20 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 1004 (BKF, K, TCD). ECOLOGY. Open grassy area in sandy soil in dry deciduous dipterocarp forest; 250 – 300 m. Flowering and fruiting October – December. CONSERVATION. Although only known from one locality, population levels are high and decline is unlikely. The populations observed were all close to the park headquarters where protection is greatest so decline is unlikely. A VU D2 rating is given. DISTRIBUTION. Thailand (endemic, known only from Phu Phan National Park). Map 9. NOTE. Platostoma fimbriatum and P. tectum can be found together in the same area. The former is an ascending short herb, more common in sunny places, growing in big patches, purple in appearance when in flower; the latter is an erect tall herb and more scattered, and commoner in shaded or semi-shaded areas. 15. Platostoma tectum A. J. Paton (1997: 282, f. 7B). Type: Thailand, Sakon Nakhon, Nam Pung Dam, 17 Oct. 1990, Chantaranothai & Parnell 90/774 (holotype K!; isotypes KKU!, TCD!). Mesona palustris sensu Doan (1936: 929), pro parte, quoad Counillon s.n. (Laos), Massie s.n. (Laos), Poilane 11408 (Laos), Poilane 13961 (Cambodia) & Thorel s.n. (Thailand). Erect annual herbs up to 1 m tall. Stems quadrangular or round-quadrangular, sparsely pubescent with retrose hairs, much branched. Leaves petiolate, membranous to chartaceous, ovate or ovatelanceolate, 20 – 80 × 10 – 35 mm, apex acute, base cuneate, sometimes subtruncate, margin serrate, pubescent with gland dots on both sides, hairs much spreading above; petioles slender, 5 – 20 mm long, villous. Inflorescence terminal, up to 150 mm long, 5 – 10 mm wide; verticils 5 – 10 mm apart; cymes unbranched or branches obscure; bracts sessile, arranged in 4 rows, greenish-purple or pale green below, dark green above, ovate-lanceolate, up to 5 mm long, concave below, deflexed at apex, adaxial glabrous below, glabrescent on distal half, abaxial pubescent, exceeding verticil or not, each subtending 3 – 15 flowers, often forming an apical coma; pedicels 2 – 3 mm long in flower, 3 – 5 mm long in fruit, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 2 mm long at anthesis, tubular, 3 – 4 mm long in fruit; posterior lip 3-lobed, glabrous on both sides, median lobe ovate, obtuse at apex, accrescent, lateral lobes ovate-triangular, acute, ± the same length as median lobe or slightly shorter, anterior margins extended greatly downwards, overlapping each other under throat; anterior lip © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 56 Map 9. Distribution of Platostoma fimbriatum (▲) and P. tectum (●). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE oblong, c. 1 mm long, rounded at apex, glabrous or sparsely pubescent outside, curved upwards and closing throat; tube 2 – 3 mm long, pubescent outside, obscurely pitted by secondary transverse veins, with pointed spur on anterior base. Corolla white, 4 mm long; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe largest, acute-obtuse at apex, lateral lobes half the size of median lobe, ± the same length or slightly longer, obtuse at apex; anterior lip orbicular, 2 mm long, slightly concave, pubescent outside, margin not fimbriate; tube 2 mm long, abruptly expanded above ovary, gibbous on posterior side. Stamens exserted, exceeding anterior corolla lobe; anterior pair attached at the base of anterior corolla lobe, glabrous or only thinly pubescent at base; posterior pair attached near the base of corolla tube, pubescent, with long appendage at base. Ovary glabrous. Style bifid with unequal pointed branches, anterior branch longer, not exceeding anterior stamens. Disc with anterior side well developed, obtuse at apex, not exceeding ovary. Nutlets black or brown, ellipsoid or oblong, 1 mm long, smooth, sometimes producing mucilage when wet. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMBODIA: Siem Reap, entre Re Nam et Anlong Veng, 4 Nov. 1927, Poilane 13961 (HM, P); Stueng Streng, 1866 – 1868, Thorel s.n. (GH, P). LAOS: Tchepone, km 202 de la route de Savannakhet de Quan Tri, 2 Jan. 1925, Poilane 11408 (P); Louang Prabang-Pak Lai (in Sayabouri), 1866 – 1868, Thorel s.n. (P). THAILAND: Sakon Nakhon, Nam Pung Dam, 17 Oct. 1990, Chantaranothai & Parnell 90/774 (holotype K; isotypes KKU, TCD); Chumphon, Siep Yuan, c. 20 m, 21 Sept. 1928, Kerr 16259 (2 shts. BM); Sakon Nakhon, Phu Phan National Park, c. 30 km SW of Sakon Nakhon, c. 17°00'N 104°00'E, c. 350 – 400 m, 13 Nov. 1984, Murata et al. T-50619 (A, AAU, BKF, KYO); Mukdahan National Park, 800 m S of Park H.Q., 100 m, 17 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 990 (BKF, K); Sakon Nakhon, Phu Phan National Park., trail N of Park H.Q., 17°03'89"N 103°58'13"E, 260 m, 20 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 1005 (BKF, K, TCD); Ubon Ratchathani, Buntharik Distr., 270 m, 10 Dec. 1982, Terao & Wongprasert T-30708 (BKF, KYO, TI). ECOLOGY. In open or semi-shaded area in dry deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, pine forest, evergreen forest, and paddy fields; 20 – 550 m. Flowering and fruiting July – January. DISTRIBUTION. Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. Map 9. VERNACULAR NAME. Laotian: Huu Sue. NOTE. This species is closely related to Platostoma palustre but differs in having a larger fruiting calyx, and in the anterior margins of the lateral lobes of the posterior lip being greatly extended downwards and overlapping each other under the calyx throat. The pits on the calyx tube are also less prominent. 57 16. Platostoma palustre (Blume) A. J. Paton (1997: 281). Type: as basionym below. Mesona palustris Blume (1826: 839); Benth. (1848: 46); sensu Doan (1936: 429), pro parte, quoad Poilane 2229; Back. & Bakh. f. (1965: 638); Keng (1969: 114, f. 20a – f; 1978: 373); Budantsev (1999: 29). Type: Java, Buitenzorg, Blume s.n. (sheet no. 905, 103-495, L! lectotype chosen here; sheet no 905, 103-497, isolectotype L!; 2 photos of types K!). Geniosporum parviflorum Benth. (1830b: 18). Type: India Orientalis, Sillet, 1828, de Silva 60 in Wall. Cat. 2750 [syntypes BM!, K! (Herbarium Hookerianum), K-W!]. Mesona parviflora (Benth.) Briq. (1897: 365); Mukerjee (1940: 28), as ‘parviflorum’; Huang (1977: 550); Li & Hedge (1994: 294). Type: as for Geniosporum parviflorum. Mesona wallichiana Benth. (1848: 46); Hook. f. (1885: 611). Type: India Orientalis, Sillet, 1828, de Silva 60 in Wall. Cat. 2750 (K-W! lectotype chosen here; isolectotypes BM!, K!). [This specimen is also the type of Geniosporum parviflorum]. Mesona chinensis Benth. (1861: 274); Dunn (1915: 134); Kudo (1929: 107); Huang (1977: 547, f. 116, 1 – 7); Phuong (1982: 143); Li & Hedge (1994: 294); Phuong (1995: 39); Budantsev (1999: 29); Phuong (2000: 72). Type: China, Hong Kong at Saywan, Dec. 1857, Wilford 216 (lectotype K!; isolectotype K!), synon. nov. Mesona procumbens Hemsl. (1895: 155. t. 7); Dunn (1915: 134); Kudo (1929: 107). Type: Taiwan, May 1894, Henry 1317(holotype K!), synon. nov. Mesona elegans Hayata in Matsumura & Hayata (1906: 306). Type: Taiwan: in moute Taitou, Aug. 1903, Nagasawa 202 (TI! lectotype chosen here), synon. nov. Mesona philippinensis Merr. (1912b: 101); Keng (1969: 116, f. 20g). Type: Philippines, Luzon, Mt Data, Distr. of Lepanto, Nov. 1905, Merrill 4500, (isotypes BM!, K!). Platostoma chinense (Benth.) A. J. Paton (1997: 282), comb. inval. Erect or ascending annual herbs up to 1 m tall. Stems quadrangular, sparsely or densely pubescent, branched. Leaves petiolate, membranous or chartaceous, ovate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-ovate, 10 – 60 × 8 – 25 mm, apex acute, base cuneate or attenuate, margin serrate, sparsely hispid on both sides, with denser hairs on veins beneath; petioles 5 – 20 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescence terminal, up to 15 cm long and 1 cm wide; verticils 3 – 10 mm apart; cymes unbranched or branches obscure; bracts sessile or subsessile, persistent or not, pinkish-lilac with green tip, lanceolate, up to 20 mm long and 5 mm wide, adaxial glabrescent or pubescent, abaxial pubescent or villous, exceeding verticil or not, each © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 58 subtending 3 – 10 flowers; pedicels 2 – 6 mm long in flower, 2 – 8 mm long in fruit. Calyx campanulate, 2 mm long at anthesis, tubular, 3 – 5 mm long in fruit; posterior lip 3-lobed, glabrous on both sides, median lobe deltoid, acute at apex, lateral lobes triangular, acute at apex, ± equal to median lobe; anterior lip oblong, c. 1.5 mm long, equal to or shorter than posterior (much shorter in flower), rounded at apex, glabrous or pubescent outside, curved upward, closing throat or not; tube pubescent especially on nerves, prominently pitted by secondary transverse veins, with minute spur on anterior base. Corolla purple, 4 mm long; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe subtruncate, lateral lobes ovate-triangular, obtuse at apex, longer than median lobe; anterior lip orbicular-oblong, 2 mm long, concave, pubescent outside, margin ciliate at apex otherwise entire; tube 2 mm long, abruptly expanded above ovary, gibbous on posterior side. Stamens exserted, exceeding anterior corolla lobe; anterior pair attached at the base of anterior corolla lobe, glabrous; posterior pair attached near the base of corolla tube, pubescent, with appendage at base. Ovary glabrous. Style bifid with unequal pointed branches, anterior branch longer, not exceeding anterior stamens. Disc with anterior side well developed, obtuse at apex, not exceeding ovary. Nutlets black, oblong or ellipsoid, 1 – 1.5 mm long, minutely striate, producing a small quantity of mucilage when wet. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMBODIA : Ru Sey Chrum (Rosei Cherum), Koh Kong, 500 m, 4 Feb. 1970?, Martin 1726 (P); Ró Nem (Roneam), 4 Nov. 1927, Poilane 13961 (A, 2 shts. HM). LAOS : Xieng Khouang, 2 Nov. 1920, Poilane 2229 (2 shts. P); 2 km south of Ban Phu Phao, c. 23 km NE of Phongsavanh, 2 Jan. 1958, Tuyama L-57362 (2 shts. TI). THAILAND : Chiyaphum, between Nam Phrom and Tung Kamang, 16°20'N 101°45'E, c. 700 m, 13 Dec. 1971, Beusekom et al. 4204 (BKF, C, K, P); Satul, Adang, Tarutao National Park, Hill behind park H.Q., 7 Dec. 1979, Congdon 226 (A, AAU, PSU); Trat, Khao Kuap, c. 1000 m, 26 Dec. 1929, Kerr 17802 (2 shts. BM). VIETNAM: Cao Bang, 27 Aug. 1979, Le Kim Bien 31CB (3 shts. HN). ECOLOGY. Open marshy areas, grasslands, stream banks, edges of forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous forest, evergreen forest; 100 – 1000 m. Flowering and fruiting June – February. DISTRIBUTION. India, Burma?, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines. Map 10. VERNACULAR NAME. Laotian: Ko Sa Le. USES. The leaves of this species have been long used throughout South East Asia to make a black, slimy, cold drink. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) 17. Platostoma grandiflorum S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, sp. nov., P. cambodgensi nobis habitu similis sed calyce in fructu longiore, labio posteriore calycis in fructu valde trilobato lobo mediano valde reflexo nec manifeste unilobato nec obscure trilobato, lobo mediano ut maximum parum reflexo differt. P. cochinchinensi habitu similis sed calyce in fructu multo maiore (6 – 8 mm nec 5 – 6 mm longis) differt. Typus: Cambodia, Stung Treng, between Slek Kreg and Cheom Khsan, 19 Feb. 1927, Poilane 14114 (holotypus P!; isotypi HM!, P!). Platostoma grandiflorum (Doan) A. J. Paton (1997: 286), comb. inval. Mesona grandiflora Doan (1936: 929, f. 98, 7 – 11), nom. inval.; Phuong (1982: 143; 1995: 39); Budantsev (1999: 29); Phuong (2000: 69). Nosema grandiflorum (Doan) Mukerjee (1940: 36), as ‘grandiflora’, comb. inval. Erect annual herbs up to 1 m tall. Stems quadrangular, unbranched below, without or with a few branches above, densely villous with patent or antrose hairs. Leaves petiolate, chartaceous, lanceolate, 20 – 100 × 8 – 15 mm, apex acute, base cuneate, margin serrate but obscured by dense hairs, densely villous on both sides; petioles 5 – 15 mm long, villous. Inflorescence terminal, up to 25 cm long and 1.5 cm wide; verticils up to 35 mm apart below, adjacent verticils touching above; cymes with 2 secund branches; bracts sessile, leaf-like, purple at base, ovate-lanceolate, up to 20 mm long and 10 mm wide, villous both sides, exceeding verticil, each subtending 6 – 15 flowers; pedicels 2 – 4 mm in flower, 3 – 5 mm in fruit, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 3 – 4 mm long at anthesis, tubular, 6 – 8 mm long in fruit; posterior lip 3-lobed, glabrous on both sides, median lobe largest, orbicular, emarginate at apex, strongly bent backwards, decurrent on tube, more than twice as long as lateral lobes, lateral lobes short, obtuse at apex, sinus between median and lateral lobes with prominent black patch; anterior lip oblong, 3 mm long, rounded at apex, equal to lateral lobes of posterior lip in length, (very minute and hidden under hairs of calyx tube in flower), glabrous with sessile glands outside; tube obscurely pitted by secondary transverse veins, villous outside, without spur on anterior base. Corolla purple, 5 – 6 mm long; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe largest, obtuse at apex, lateral lobes half width but with the same length as median lobe, acute at apex; anterior lip orbicular-oblong, 2 – 3 mm long, concave, villous outside, margin ciliate; tube 2 – 3 mm long, abruptly expanded above ovary, gibbous on posterior side. Stamens exserted, exceeding anterior corolla lip; anterior pair attached at the base of anterior corolla lobe, glabrous; posterior pair attached near the base TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 59 Map 10. Distribution of Platostoma palustre (●); P. mekongense (■) and P. cochinchinense (▲). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 60 of corolla tube, pubescent, with long appendage at base. Ovary glabrous. Style bifid with unequal pointed branches, anterior branch longer, not exceeding anterior stamens. Disc with anterior side well developed, obtuse at apex, not exceeding ovary. Nutlets dark brown, oblong, 1.5 mm long, minutely striate, producing mucilage when wet. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMBODIA: mountain Dong Rek, Jan. 1876, Harmand 304 (3 shts. P); Stung Treng, 7 Nov. 1927, Poilane 14025 (A, HM, P); Stung Treng, between Slek Krey and Chom Khsan (Preah Vihear), 19 Nov. 1927, Poilane 14114 (holotype P; isotypes HM, P). THAILAND: Ubon Ratchathani, along river (riviere d’ Ubon), 1866 – 1868, Thorel s.n. (A, HM, 2 shts. P). VIETNAM: Dac Doa, Mang Giang, Gia Lai – Kon Tum, 17 Nov. 1981, Phuong 810 (7 shts. HN). ECOLOGY. Unknown. Flowering and fruiting November – February. DISTRIBUTION. Cambodia, Laos, Thailand & Vietnam. Map 11. NOTE. This species was recorded from Burma by Mukerjee (1940) but the specimen, Chin 4313 from Taungoo, has not been seen for this account. This species resembles P. cambodgense but can be distinguished from it as it is a much larger plant, more villous, and has a much bigger fruiting calyx. The posterior lip of the fruiting calyx is conspicuously 3-lobed with the median lobe strongly bent backwards and decurrent on the tube while the posterior lobe of P. cambodgense is clearly 1-lobed, subulate, or obscurely 3-lobed with the median lobe accrescent, not or only slightly bent backwards. The lateral lobes are very minute and sometimes obscure. No ecological information has been recorded so far but herbarium specimens have long roots covered with sandy soil, suggesting that it probably grows in deep sandy soils in wet places. The specimen from Bassac, Laos (collected by Thorel), cited in Doan’s publication has not been seen for this study. 18. Platostoma cambodgense S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, sp. nov., P. grandifloro nobis habitu similis sed calyce in fructu minori (4 – 6 nec 6 – 8 mm longis) atque labio posteriore unilobato vel obscure trilobato lobo mediano parum tantum reflexo nec manifeste trilobato lobo mediano valde reflexo differt. P. cochinchinensi habitu similis sed inflorescentia e verticillis manifeste interruptis constanti nec spiciformi e verticillis confertis constanti differt. Typus: Cambodia, Plain de Sambor (Kompong Thom), Dec. 1875, Harmand 71 (holotypus P!; isotypi 3 shts. A!, K!, 3 shts. P!). Platostoma cambodgense (Doan) A. J. Paton (1997: 285), comb. inval. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) Mesona cambodgensis Doan (1936: 928), nom. inval.; Murata (1971: 508); Phuong (1982: 143; 1995: 39); Budantsev (1999: 28); Phuong (2000: 71), excl. illustration Fig. 29. Erect or ascending annual herbs 10 – 35 cm tall. Stems round, quadrangular or round-quadrangular, branched or not, sparsely to densely pubescent with retrose hairs, lower stem glabrescent. Leaves shortly to distinctly petiolate, chartaceous, varying from linear, linear-lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate to ovate, 10 – 70 × 3 – 15 mm, apex acute, base attenuate, margin serrate, sometimes obscure, sparsely scabrid-hispid or densely pubescent above with base of hairs sometimes thickened, sparsely to densely pubescent with denser hairs on veins beneath, veins conspicuously to obscurely grooved above, prominent beneath; petioles 2 – 25 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescence terminal, up to 20 cm long and 1.5 cm wide; verticils 5 – 30 mm apart, clearly interrupted; cyme with 2 secund branches; bracts sessile, persistent, leaf-like, purple at base, lanceolate, up to 35 mm long and 5 mm wide, exceeding verticil, apex acute or acuminate, upper bracts concave at base, adaxial pubescent on upper part, glabrous or glabrescent below, or glabrescent all over, abaxial pubescent to villous, each subtending 6 – 20 flowers; pedicels 2 – 3 mm long in flower, 3 – 6 mm long in fruit, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 3 mm long at anthesis, tubular, 4 – 6 mm long in fruit; posterior lip 1-lobed or 3-lobed, if 3-lobed median lobe largest, orbicular, emarginate at apex, accrescent, not or slightly bent backwards, glabrous or sparsely pubescent on inner side, glabrous outside, margin entire or shortly ciliate, lateral lobes minute, sometimes obscure, glabrous on both sides, if 1-lobed, lobe subulate, apex straight or curved forwards, sparsely pubescent on both sides, margin entire or shortly ciliate; anterior lip 1-lobed, orbicular or ovateoblong, 1 – 2 mm long, (minute and obscured by indumentum in flower), much shorter than posterior, rounded or truncated at apex, densely pubescent to villous outside, curved upwards and closing throat, upper part of throat visible or not; tube short, obscurely pitted by secondary transverse veins, pubescent to villous outside, with short spur on anterior base. Corolla purple, 4 – 5 mm long; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe largest, acute-obtuse at apex, lateral lobes ± equal to median lobe in length; anterior lip orbicular, 2 – 2.5 mm long, concave, villous outside, margin ciliate; tube 2 – 2.5 mm long, abruptly expanded above ovary, gibbous on posterior side. Stamens exserted, exceeding anterior corolla lobe; anterior pair attached at the base of anterior corolla lobe, glabrous; posterior pair attached near the base of corolla tube, villous on upper part, pubescent, with long appendage at base. Ovary TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 61 Map 11. Distribution of Platostoma rubrum (●) and Platostoma grandiflorum (▲). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 62 glabrous. Style bifid with unequal pointed branches, anterior branch longer, not exceeding anterior stamens. Disc with anterior side well developed, KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) obtuse at apex, not exceeding ovary. Nutlets black or brown, oblong, 1 – 1.5 mm long, minutely striate, slightly producing mucilage when wet. Key to the varieties of P. cambodgense 1. Posterior lip of fruiting calyx emarginate · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · i. var. cambodgense 1. Posterior lip of fruiting calyx subulate · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ii. var. subulatum i. var. cambodgense Erect herbs. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate; shortly petiolate, 2 – 5 mm long; veins grooved above. Calyx with posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe largest, emarginate at apex, lateral lobes very minute, sometimes obscure, giving appearance of 1-lobed upper lip; anterior lip orbicular, 1 – 1.5 mm long, curved upwards and closing throat, upper part of throat ± visible; tube 2 – 3 mm long. Fig. 10C – D. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMBODIA : Envr. de Phom Penh, June 1909, D’Alleizette s.n. (L); Plain de Sambor (Kompong Thom), Dec. 1875, Harmand 71 (holotype P; isotypes 3 shts. A, K, 3 shts. P). THAILAND : Ubon Ratchathani, Khong Chiam Distr., 15°32'43"N 105°35'89"E, 150 m, 16 Oct. 1988, Chalermglin & Meade 98-10-16-01 (K); idem, no collection date, Niyomdham s.n. (BKF, K). VIETNAM : Gnia-tauc (Nhotuoc), 1862 – 1866, Thorel 1436. ECOLOGY. Open areas in deciduous dipterocarp forest; 150 m. Flowering and fruiting October – December. DISTRIBUTION. Cambodia, Thailand & Vietnam. Map 12. CONSERVATION. Known from five localities, all of which are in areas of cultivation. Recent field work in the recorded locality, Buri Ram, Thailand failed to detect any populations. Extent of occurrence based on all localities is extimated at 8000 km2. VU B1 ab(i,iii). NOTE. According to Doan’s description (Mesona cambodgensis Doan, nom. inval.), the median lobe of the fruiting calyx is always emarginate but the specimens cited contain both emarginate and subulate forms. ii. var. subulatum S. Suddee var. nov., varietate typica similis sed foliis distincte petiolatis et labio posteriore calycis fructiferi subulato nec emarginato differt. Typus: Cambodia, Siem Reap, between Pum Tho May and Anlong Veng, Dong Rek moutain range, 2 Nov. 1927, Poilane 13915 (holotypus K!; isotypi A!, 2 shts. HM!, P!). Erect or ascending herbs. Leaves linear-lanceolate; distinctly petiolate, 10 – 25 mm long; veins grooved © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 above or not. Calyx with posterior lip 1-lobed, subulate; anterior lip ovate-oblong, c. 2 mm long, curved upwards and closing throat, upper part of throat invisible; tube 3 – 3.5 mm long. Fig. 10A – B. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMBODIA : Siem Reap, between Pum Tho May and Anlong Veng, Dong Rek mountain range, 2 Nov. 1927, Poilane 13915 (holotype K; isotypes A, 2 shts. HM, P); massif Dong Rek, prov. Battambang and Siem Reap, entre Co Kmonh and Samrong, 27 Oct. 1927, Poilane 14414 (P); Stung Treng, between Sluk Krey and Smach (Preah Vihear), 19 Nov. 1927, Poilane 14419 (HM, P); massif Dongrek, prov. Battambang and Siem Reap, entre Co Kmonh and Samrong, 27 Oct. 1927, Poilane 14476 (P); massif Dong Rek, prov. Battambang and Siem Reap, entre Co Kmonh and Samrong, 27 Oct. 1927, Poilane 14477 (HM, P); Sihanoukville, 15 Nov. 1963, Schmid 18 (2 shts. P). LAOS: Bassac, 1866 – 1868. Thorel 2662 (2 shts. P, US). THAILAND : Phangnga, Kopah–Pakok, 15 Dec. 1927, Haniff & Nur Singapore Field No. 2964 (K, SING); Buri Ram, Talung, c. 100 m, 8 Jan. 1924, Kerr 8225 (BM, K); Satun, La Ngu, c. 5 m, 7 Jan. 1928, Kerr 13928 (3 shts. BM, L); Ubon Ratchathani, Buntharik Distr., 270 m, 10 Dec. 1982, Koyama, Terao & Wongprasert T-30722 (BKF); Mukdahan, Nikom Khamsoi Distr., Phu Moo Forest Park, 280 m, 11 Dec. 1982, Koyama, Terao & Wongprasert T-30842 (BKF); Surin, c. 100 m, 7 Dec. 1976, Phengklai et al. 3635 (BKF); Surin, Nawng Saeng, Dec. 1964, Sangkhachan s.n. (BKF); Amnat Charoen, c. 120 m, 3 Dec. 1968, Smitinand & Turbang 10491 (BKF); Ubon Ratchathani, 20 km to Buntharik from Na Cha Luai, road no 2248, 250 m, 4 Sept. 1997, Suddee 767 (BKF, K, TCD). VIETNAM: Lonli Repan, Nov. 1876, Harmand 250 (P). ECOLOGY. Open areas in deciduous forest, savanna, pine deciduous Dipterocarp forest, edges of paddy fields; from near sea level up to 700 m. Flowering and fruiting October – February. DISTRIBUTION. Cambodia, Laos, Thailand & Vietnam. Map 12. VERNACULAR NAME. Thai: Dai Pra En (Khmer, Buri Ram). NOTE. There are no intermediates known between the emarginate and the subulate forms of the fruiting calyx though these two forms can be found in the TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 63 1 mm D 1 mm B 1 cm 1 cm A C Fig. 10. A – B Platostoma cambodgense var. subulatum. A habit; B fruiting calyx. (All from Kerr 13928, BM). C – D Plastostoma cambodgense var. cambodgense. C habit; D fruiting calyx. (All from Thorel 1436, K). DRAWN BY EMMANUEL PAPADOPOULOS. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 64 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) Map 12. Distribution of Platostoma cambodgense var. cambodgense(●) and Platostoma cambodgense var. subulatum (▲). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE same area. The other vegetative characters are more or less similar. The subulate form, which does not match the original description, is here recognised as a new variety. 19. Platostoma mekongense S. Suddee sp. nov., P. cochinchinensi (Lour.) A. J. Paton habitu similis sed inflorescentia interrupta laxa verticillos inter se distantes nec congestos ferenti, calyce fructifero ad basin anteriorem calcare prominenti ornato, lobo posteriore calycis longiore, et tubo calycis hispido atque aspectu propter venulas secundarias prominentes foveato differt. Typus: Ubon Ratchathani, Khong Chiam Distr., Pha Tam National Park, 15°32'43"N 105°35'89"E, 16 Oct. 1998, Chalermglin & Meade 9810-16-02 (holotypus BKF!; isotypi K!). Erect annual herbs up to 25 cm tall. Stems quadrangular, branched from below near stem base, pubescent to densely pubescent. Leaves petiolate, membranous or chartaceous, ovate or ovatelanceolate, 15 – 35 × 5 – 15 mm, apex acute, base cuneate, margin serrate, hispid on both sides with denser hairs on veins beneath; petioles 5 – 15 mm long, densely hispid. Inflorescence terminal, up to 12 cm long and 1 cm wide; verticils 5 – 10 mm apart, interrupted; cyme with 2 secund branches; bracts sessile, persistent, lanceolate, up to 10 mm long and 5 mm wide, acute at apex, adaxial glabrous or glabrescent, abaxial pubescent or villous, each bract subtends 3 – 12 flowers; pedicels 1 – 1.5 mm in flower, 2 – 2.5 mm in fruit, flattened. Calyx campanulate, 2 – 2.5 mm long at anthesis, tubular, 4 – 5 mm long in fruit; posterior lip conspicuously protruding, inconspicuously 3-lobed, 1.5 – 2 mm long, more than twice as long as tube, slightly curved upward, glabrous on both sides, median lobe accrescent, obovate-oblong, rounded or slightly emarginate at apex, lateral lobes with their apex subtruncate, united to lateral margin of median lobe below its apex; anterior lip 1-lobed, oblong or ovateoblong, c. 1 mm long, rounded at apex, curved upwards and closing throat, equal in length to lateral lobes of posterior lip or slightly shorter, pubescent with short hairs outside; tube tubular, 2 – 3 mm long, hispid (densely pubescent in flower), prominently pitted by secondary transverse veins, with short truncate spur on anterior base. Corolla white or pale green, 2 – 3 mm long; posterior lip 3-lobed, indistinct, truncate in appearance; anterior lip orbicular-oblong, 1.5 mm long, concave, pubescent outside, margin ciliate; tube tubular-campanulate, 1.5 mm long, abruptly expanded above ovary, gibbous on posterior side. Stamens exserted; anterior pair attached at the base of anterior corolla lobe, glabrous below, villous above; posterior pair attached near the 65 base of corolla tube, densely villous above, pubescent below, with a long appendage at base. Ovary glabrous. Style bifid with unequal pointed branches, anterior branch longer, not exceeding anterior stamens. Disc with anterior side well developed, apex obtuse, not exceeding ovary. Nutlets brown, oblong, 1 mm long, minutely striate, producing a small quantity of mucilage when wet. Fig. 11. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. THAILAND : Ubon Ratchathani, Khong Chiam Distr., Pha Tam National Park, 15°32' 43"N 105°35'89"E, 16 Oct. 1998, Chalermglin & Meade 98-10-16-02 (holotype BKF; isotype K); idem, no collection date, Niyomdham s.n. (BKF, K). ECOLOGY. Open area in shallow sandy soil on sandstone plateau, dry deciduous Dipterocarp forest; 300 m. Flowering and fruiting October – December. DISTRIBUTION. Thailand (endemic). Map 10. CONSERVATION. Known only from one locality. The area is a National Park and population levels are high. VU D2. NOTE. The closest species morphologically appears to be Platostoma cochinchinense but P. mekongense differs in having an anterior spur at the base of the fruiting calyx, a laxer inflorescence, a longer anterior lobe of the fruiting calyx, the calyx tube with more prominent pits and hispid rather than villous indumentum. 20. Platostoma cochinchinense (Lour.) A. J. Paton (1997: 285). Type: as basionym below. Dracocephalum cochinchinense Lour. (1790: 371). Type: Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue, Hue, South River, sea level, 5 March 1927, Squire 156 (K! neotype chosen here; isoneotypes A!, BM!, E!, NY!, P!). Nosema cochinchinense (Lour.) Merr. (1935: 343), as ‘cochinchinensis’; Keng (1969: 125, f. 23f – h); Murata (1971: 509), as ‘cochinchinensis’; Huang (1977: 546, f. 115, 1 – 5), as ‘cochinchinensis’; Keng (1978: 375); Phuong (1982: 145), as ‘cochinchinensis’; Li & Hedge (1994: 294), as ‘cochinchinensis’; Phuong (1995: 40), as ‘cochinchinensis’; Budantsev (1999: 28); Phuong (2000: 65), as ‘cochinchinensis’. Type: as for Dracocephalum cochinchinense. Geniosporum holochilum Hance (1879: 13). Type: China, Juxta Pakhoi, Kwangtung, Nov. 1877, Bullock (Herb. Propr. no. 20515, holotype BM!). Nosema holochilum (Hance) Kudo (1929: 108). Type: as for G. holochilum. Anisochilus sinensis Hance (1885: 327); Dunn (1915: 145); Kudo (1929: 142). Type: China, Juxta Lamko, Hainan, 24 Oct. 1882, Henry (Herb. Propr. n. 22207, holotype BM!). Mesona prunelloides Hemsl. (1890: 267); Doan (1936: 932). Type: China, Kwangtung, Pakhoi, April 1883, Playfair 110 (holotype K!). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 66 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) 1 cm 1 cm B A 3 mm C D 1 mm E F 1 mm Fig. 11. Platostoma mekongense. A & B habit; C infructescence; D flower; E & F fruiting calyx. (All from Chalermglin & Meade 98-1016-02, BKF). DRAWN BY EMMANUEL PAPADOPOULOS. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE Nosema prunelloides (Hemsl.) C. B. Clarke ex Prain (1904: 21); Dunn (1915: 134); Kudo (1929: 108). Type: as for M. prunelloides. Nosema capitatum Prain (1904: 20); Hosseus (1911: 500); Craib (1911: 445; 1912: 168); Murata (1971: 509); Phuong (1982: 145; 1995: 40); Budantsev (1999: 28); Phuong (2000: 67), as ‘capitata’. Type: Thailand, Kanchanaburi, Teysmanns s.n. (holotype K!). Mesona capitata (Prain) Doan (1936: 931). Type: as for N. capitatum. Nosema tonkinense C. B. Clarke ex Prain (1904: 21). Type: Vietnam, Tonkin, Nov. 1885, Balansa 993 (holotype K!; isotype P!). Nosema capitatum Prain var. javanicum C. B. Clarke ex Prain (1904: 21), in adnot. Elsholtzia blanda sensu Muschler & Hosseus (1910: 498). Acrocephalus klossii Wernham (1921: 142). Type: Vietnam, Lang Bian, Lian Khanh Falls, 900 m, April 1918, Kloss s.n. (holotype BM!). Erect or ascending annual or short-lived perennial herbs up to 1 m tall. Stems quadrangular or roundquadrangular, pubescent, densely pubescent or villous with retrose or antrose hairs, lower stem glabrescent, usually much branched. Leaves petiolate, chartaceous, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 15 – 60 × 8 – 20 mm, apex acute, base cuneate, margin serrate, pubescent to densely villous on both sides, veins prominent beneath; petioles slender, 3 – 15 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescence terminal, occasionally axillary, up to 10 cm long and 1.5 cm wide; verticils uninterrupted or only interrupted at inflorescence base; cyme with 2 secund branches; bracts sessile, persistent, the lower pair large, leaf-like, clearly distinct from the upper, pinkish-purple at base, lanceolate, up to 30 mm long and 15 mm wide, pubescent to villous both sides, upper bracts reduced in size, not or slightly exceeding verticil, each subtending 8 – 20 flowers; pedicels 0.5 – 2 mm in flower, 1 – 3 mm in fruit. Calyx campanulate, 2.5 – 4 mm long at anthesis, tubular, 5 – 6 mm long in fruit; posterior lip oblong, 1-lobed or inconspicuously 3-lobed with a small projection on each side of the median lobe, apex of median lobe emarginate, occasionally rounded, glabrous to glabrescent on both sides; anterior lip 1-lobed, orbicular-ovate, 1 – 1.5 mm long (minute and obscured by indumentum in flower), rounded at apex, pubescent to villous outside, curved upwards and closing throat; tube 2.5 – 4 mm long, obscurely pitted by secondary transverse veins, villous outside, without spur on anterior base. Corolla whitish-purple, 4 – 5 mm long; posterior lip shortly 3lobed, median lobe largest, obtuse to acute at apex, lateral lobes acute at apex, equal to median lobe in length; anterior lip 1-lobed, orbicular-oblong, c. 2 mm long, concave, villous outside, margin ciliate at apex; tube 2 – 2.5 mm long, abruptly dilated above ovary, slightly gibbous on posterior side. Stamens far exserted 67 from corolla lip; anterior pair attached at the base of anterior corolla lobe, glabrous or thinly villous on upper part; posterior pair attached near the base of corolla tube, densely villous on upper part, pubescent with a long appendage at base. Ovary glabrous. Style bifid with unequal pointed branches, anterior branch longer, not exceeding anterior stamens. Disc with anterior side well developed, obtuse at apex, not exceeding ovary. Nutlets brown, oblong, 1 mm long, minutely striate, producing a small quantity of mucilage when wet. SELECTED SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CAMBODIA: Kampot, 27 Dec. 1903, Geoffray 307 (2 shts. P); Tpong, May 1870, Pierre 1159 (HM, K, 2 shts. P); Pursat, Sept. 1870, Pierre s.n. (HM, P); Mountain Elephant, 900 – 1000 m, 5 Dec. 1933, Poilane 23115 (P). LAOS : Muong Phine, route de Savannakhet de Quang Tri, 6 Jan. 1925, Poilane 11485 (P); Vientiane, km 17 route de Tha Ngon, 13 Nov. 1949, Vidal 1112B (P); Vientiane, Phu Khao Khouay, 28 Oct. 1971, Vidal 5536 (P). THAILAND: Loei, Phu Kradung, 16°55'N 101°55'E, 1200 – 1300 m, 25 Jan. 1970, Beusekom & Phengklai 3147 (AAU, BKF, C, E, K, L, P); Chantaburi, foot of Khao Soi Dao, 13°00'N 102°15'E, c. 400 m, 12 Nov. 1969, Beusekom & Smitinand 2165 (AAU, BKF, L); Trang, 4 km W of Trang, near airport and school, 5 Jan. 1979, Hamilton & Congdon 201 (A, AAU, BKF); Nong Khai, Phu Wua Wildlife Sanctuary, summit plateau, 220 m, 14 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 975 (BKF, K, TCD). VIETNAM : Lâm Dông, Dalat, reserve du Camly, 2 Oct. 1920, Evrard 211 (P, US); Ba Ria-Vung Tau, in montibus Dinh ad Baria, Dec. 1866, Pierre 5209 (4 shts. K, 2 shts. HM, NY, P); Thua Thien Hue, Hue, South R., sea level, 5 March 1927, Squire 156 (neotype K; isoneotypes A, BM, E, NY, P); Thua Thien Hue, Hue, near sea, 30 April 1927, Squires 383 (A, BM, E, K, NY, P). DISTRIBUTION . China, Indo-china, Thailand & Indonesia. Map 10. ECOLOGY. Common in sandy soil in humid grasslands, open areas in deciduous forest, grassy pine forest, boggy areas; from sea level up to 1300 m. Flowering and fruiting June – March. VERNACULAR NAMES. Laotian: Hang Maa Chok. Thai: Yah Hang Hen (Loei), Hang Sua (Loei, Trang), Hang Sua Lai (Loei), Yah Hang Sua (Loei), Niam Hang Sua Lai (Chaiyaphum). Vietnamese: Erung, Ka Hoi. NOTE. Loureiro’s type has not been found at either P or BM. In his original publication, Loureiro cited ‘Habitat agreste in Cochinchina’. The species is represented by specimens of Squire 156 (A, BM, E, K, NY, P) and Squire 383 (A, BM, E, K, NY, P) from Hue, Loureiro’s classical locality. Squire 156 is chosen here as the neotype as the locality and character best match the original description. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 68 21. Platostoma rubrum S. Suddee & A. J. Paton, sp. nov., P. cambodgensi var. subulato forma calycis similis sed foliis sessilibus nec petiolatis supra glabris nec scabrido-hispidis, inflorescentia spiciformi e verticillis confertis constanti nec manifeste interrupta differt. Typus: Laos: Savannakhet, Ban Na-phong, Bord Me’ Khong, 5 Nov. 1928, Poilane 16237 (holotypus P!). Platostoma rubrum (Doan) A. J. Paton (1997: 285), comb. inval. Mesona rubra Doan (1936: 932, f. 98, 1 – 6), nom. inval.; Murata (1971: 508). Nosema rubrum (Doan) C. Y. Wu (1959: 63), as ‘rubra’, comb. inval. Erect annual herbs up to 1 m tall. Stems quadrangular or round-quadrangular, glabrous all over or glabrescent with denser and longer hairs at nodes. Leaves sessile, thick, subfleshy, linear, 30 – 70 × 2 – 5 mm, apex acute, base attenuate, margin obscurely serrate, often inrolled when dry, glabrous above, with hairs on veins beneath. Inflorescence terminal; adjacent verticils close together, spike-like in appearance, up to 70 mm long, c. 10 mm wide; cymes with two secund branches; bracts large, sessile, green with black dots at base, conspicuously arranged in 4-rows, ovate, acuminate and deflexed at apex, strongly concave at base, up to 30 × 7 mm, adaxial glabrous or slightly glabrescent, abaxial pubescent, exceeding verticil, each subtending 6 – 12 flowers, forming an apical coma; pedicels 1.5 – 2 mm long in flower, 2.5 – 4 mm long in fruit, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 2.5 – 3 mm long at anthesis, 5 – 6 mm long in fruit; posterior lip 1lobed, ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse at apex, glabrous on both sides; anterior lip rounded or oblong, 1 – 1.5 mm long, curved upwards and closing throat, pubescent outside; tube 2 – 3 mm long, pitted by secondary transverse veins usually obscure, pubescent outside, with spur on anterior base. Corolla white, 5 mm long; posterior lip 3-lobed, median lobe largest, apex obtuse, deflexed, lateral lobes erect, ± half the size of median lobe and ± the same length, acute-obtuse at apex; anterior lip orbicular-ovate, 3 mm long, slightly concave, pubescent outside, margin not fimbriate; tube 2 mm long, widely expanded towards throat, not gibbous on posterior side. Stamens exserted, exceeding anterior corolla lip; anterior pair attached at the base of anterior corolla lobe, glabrous; posterior pair attached near the base of corolla tube, only slightly pubescent, with a minute appendage at base. Ovary glabrous. Style bifid with unequal pointed branches, anterior branches longer, rarely exceeding anterior stamens. Disc with anterior side well developed, acute at apex, not exceeding ovary. Nutlets brown, oblong, 1.5 mm long, smooth, producing mucilage when wet. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) SPECIMENS EXAMINED. LAOS : kilo 35 de la route de Savannakhet de Quang Tri, 15 Jan. 1925, Poilane 11636 (A, HM, P); Savannakhet, Ban Na-Phong, Bord Me’ Khong, 5 Nov. 1928, Poilane 16237 (holotype P); route Louang Prabang et Vientiane, April 1912, Joseph s.n. (L); Bassac (Champassak), 1866 – 1868, Thorel 2719 (HM, K, 2 shts. P). THAILAND : Ubon Ratchathani, Buntharik, c. 100 m, 28 Jan. 1924, Kerr 8362 (BM, K); Ubon Ratchathani, Po Sai Distr., Ban Na-Kham, 2 Nov. 1997, Puudjaa & Chongnuruk 430 (BKF, K); Ubon Ratchathani, Po Sai Distr., Ban Sang Muang, 100 m, 7 Sept. 1997, Suddee 800 (BKF, K, TCD); idem, 18 Oct. 1998, Suddee et al. 998 (BKF, K, TCD). ECOLOGY. Open grassy areas in dry deciduous Dipterocarp forest; 100 m. Flowering and fruiting October – January. DISTRIBUTION. Laos and Thailand. Map 11. CONSERVATION. Although known from only 6 localities, these are often areas protected from cultivation such as cremation areas so decline is unlikely. Least concern. NOTE. A very distinctive tall herb. The living plant has thick leaves, a glossy greenish-yellow stem with a black patch at the nodes, and conspicuous leathery bracts forming a coma at the top of inflorescence. The species is restricted to the Mekong River basin at the border of Thailand and Laos. Excluded species Acrocephalus fruticosus Dunn (1913: 154; 1915: 134); China (Yunnan) = Elsholtzia capituligera C. Y. Wu Geniosporum axillare Benth. (1830b: 18) = Melissa axillaris (Benth.) Bakh. f. Geniosporum indicum Briq. (1897: 367) = Razumoria indica (L.) Alston (Scrophulariaceae). Acknowledgements We are deeply indebted to Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn of Thailand for supporting the work of Somran Suddee. We wish to thank Melanie Thomas and Katherine Challis for the Latin diagnoses. We wish to thank Dr Dick Brummitt, Dr David Simpson, Dr David Middleton, Dr Peter Phillipson for help and suggestions, and Fiona Willis and Marcella Campbell for various help. We wish to thank the staff of the Plant Genetics Conservation Project at the Royal Initiation of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, the staff of BKF, K and TCD for help. We also wish to thank Holly Somerville (TCD) and Emmanuel Papadoupolos (K) for the beautiful line drawings. The staff, directors and keepers of the herbaria mentioned in the taxonomic treatment are TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE thanked for making specimens available on loan for this study, or providing research facilities during visits of the first author. 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Merr. 65 N. grandiflorum (Doan) Mukerjee 58 N. holochilum (Hance) Kudo 65 N. prunelloides (Hemsl.) C. B. Clarke ex Prain 67 N. rubrum (Doan) C. Y. Wu 68 N. tonkinense C. B. Clarke ex Prain 67 Ocimum L. 24 O. acrocephalum Blume 35 O. adscendens Willd. 31 O. africanum Lour. 28 O. album Blanco 26 O. album L. 30 O. americanum L. 28, 29 O. americanum var. americanum 28 O. americanum var. pilosum (Willd.) A. J. Paton 29, 31 O. anosurum Fenzl 25 O. aristatum Blume 21, 23 O. barrelieri Roth 30 O. basilicum L. 29,30 O. basilicum var. album (L.) Benth. 30 O. basilicum var. anisatum Benth. 29 O. basilicum var. densiflorum Benth. 30 O. basilicum var. difforme Benth. 30 O. basilicum var. glabratum Benth. 30 O. basilicum var. majus Benth. 30 O. basilicum var. pilosum (Willd.) Benth. 28 O. basilicum var. purpurascens Benth. 30 O. basilicum var. thyrsiflorum (L.) Benth. 30 O. brachiatum Blume 28 O. bullatum Lam. 30 O. canum Sims 28 O. capitatum Roth 35 O. caryophyllatum Roxb. 30 O. ciliatum Hornem. 30 O. citratum Rumph. 29 O.
citriodorum Vis. 29 O. citrodorum Blanco 30 O. cristatum Roxb. 31 O. dichotomum Hochst. ex Benth. 28 O. dimidiatum Schumach. & Thonn. 4 O. exsul Collett & Hemsl. 31 O. febrifugum Lindl. 25 Acrocephalus Benth. 32 A. blumei Benth. 35 A. capitatus (Roth) Benth. 35 A. hispidus (L.) Nicolson & Sivad. 35 A. indicus (Burm. f.) Kuntze 35 A. indicus (Burm. f.) Kuntze f. spicatus (C. B. Rob.) Keng 35 A. klossii Wernham 67 A. scariosus Benth. 32, 35 A. spicatus C. B. Rob. 35 A. verbenifolius Watt ex Mukerjee 36 Anisochilus sinensis Hance 65 Basilicum Moench 3 B. polystachyon (L.) Moench 3, 4 Becium Lindl. 24 B. filamentosum (Forssk.) Chiov. 31 Ceratanthus F. Muell. 32 Ceratanthus F. Muell. ex G. Taylor 32 C. annamensis G. Taylor 49 C. becquerelii Doan 51 C. calcaratus (Hemsl.) G. Taylor 50 C. garrettii (Craib) G. Taylor 51 C. kerrii Doan 53 C. ocimoides G. Taylor 46 C. stolonifer G. Taylor 46 Ceratanthus sp. 51 Clerodendranthus Kudo 6 C. spicatus (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li 22 C. stamineus (Benth.) Kudo 6, 22 Clerodendrum spicatum Thunb. 22, 23 Dracocephalum cochinchinense Lour. 65 Erythrochlamys Gürke 24 Geniosporum Wall. ex Benth. 32 G. coloratum (D. Don) Kuntze 38 G. holochilum Hance 65 G. lanceolatum Chermsir. ex Murata 42 G. parviflorum Benth. 57 G. siamense Murata 40 G. strobiliferum Wall. 40 G. strobiliferum Wall. ex Benth. 40 G. taylorii Doan 36 Gomphrena hispida L. 35 Hemsleia Kudo 32 H. calcarata (Hemsl.) Kudo 32, 50 Limniboza R. E. Fr. 32 Lumnitzera capitata (Roth) Spreng. 4, 35 L. polystachya (L.) Jacq. f. ex Spreng. 4 L. rubicunda (D. Don) Spreng. 9 L. tenuiflora (L.) Spreng. 26 L. virgata (D. Don) Spreng. 9 Mesona Blume 32 M. cambodgensis Doan 60 M. capitata (Prain) Doan 67 M. chinensis Benth. 57 © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 74 O. filamentosum Forssk. 31 O. fluminense Vell. 28 O. frutescens Mill. 25 O. grandiflorum Blume 22, 24 O. gratissimum L. 25 O. gratissimum var. gratissimum 25 O. gratissimum var. macrophyllum Briq. 25, 26 O. gratissimum var. suave (Willd.) Hook. f. 25 O. graveolens A. Braun 29 O. guineense Schumach. & Thonn. 25 O. hirsutum Benth. 26, 27 O. hispidulum Schumach. & Thonn. 28 O. hispidum Lam. 30 O. incanescens Mart. 28 O. indicum Roth 31 O. inodorum Burm. f. 26 O. integerrimum Willd. 30 O. kilimandscharicum Baker ex Gürke 27 O. medium Mill. 30 O. monachorum L. 26 O. nelsonii Zipp. ex Spanoghe 26 O. paniculatum Boj. 25 O. petiolare Lam. 25 O. petitianum A. Rich. 29 O. pilosum Willd. 28, 29 O. polystachyon L. 3, 4 O. sanctum L. 26 O. sanctum var. hirsutum (Benth.) Hook. f. 26 O. stamineum Sims 28 O. suave Willd. 25 O. tashiroi Hayata 4 O. tenuiflorum L. 8, 26 O. tomentosum Lam. 26 O. thymiflorum Roth 6, 7 O. thyrsiflorum L. 30 O. triste Roth 6, 7 O. tuberosum Roxb. 9 O. urticifolium Roth 25, 30 O. villosum Roxb. 26 O. villosum Weinm. 25 O. virgatum Blanco 26 O. viride Willd. 25 O. viridiflorum Roth 25 O. viscosum Roth 7 Octomeron Robyns 32 Orthosiphon Benth. 6 O. aristatus (Blume) Miq. 6, 19, 21 O. aristatus var. aristatus 22, 28 O. aristatus var. velteri S. Suddee & A. J. Paton 22, 23 O. glabratus Benth. 7 O. glabratus var. parviflorus (Benth.) Gamble 7 O. glandulosus C. E. C. Fisch. 19 O. grandiflorus Bold. 22 O. incurvus Benth. 9, 11 O. lanatus Doan 16 O. lanatus Doan ex S. Suddee & A. J. Paton 14, 16 O. marmoritis (Hance) Dunn 7, 8 © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 60(1) O. parishii Prain 14 O. petiolaris Miq. 7 O. pseudoaristatus S. Suddee 21 O. rotundifolius Doan 14 O. rotundifolius Doan ex S. Suddee & A. J. Paton 14, 16 O. rubicundus (D. Don) Benth. 6, 8, 10 O. rubicundus var. canescens Benth. 9 O. rubicundus var. hohenackeri Hook. f. 9 O. rubicundus var. macrocarpus Prain 9 O. rubicundus var. mollissimus Benth. 9 O. rubicundus var. rigidus Benth. 9, 11 O. scapiger Benth. 11 O. sinensis Hemsl. 7, 8 O. spicatus (Thunb.) Back. Bakh. f. & Steenis 22, 23 O. stamineus Benth. 6, 22 O. stamineus var. angustifolia Benth. 22 O. tagawae Murata 22, 23 O. tomentosus Benth. 7, 8 O. tomentosus Benth. var. glabratus (Benth.) Hook. f. 7 O. tomentosus var. parviflorus Benth. 7 O. tomentosus var. rubiginosus Clarke ex Hook. f. 7 O. tomentosus var. viscosus (Benth.) Hook. f. 7 O. tomentosus Teijsm. & Binn. 22 O. thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen 7 O. thymiflorus var. viscosus (Benth.) Sleesen 7 O. truncatus Doan 19 O. truncatus Doan ex S. Suddee & A. J. Paton 19 O. velteri Doan 23 O. virgatus (D. Don) Benth. 9 O. viscosus Benth. 7 Platostoma P. Beauv. 32 subgen. Acrocephalus (Benth.) A. J. Paton 33 sect. Acrocephalus (Benth.) A. J. Paton 33 sect. Heterodonta (Briq.) A. J. Paton 33, 38 subgen. Platostoma 33 sect. Ceratanthus (G. Taylor) A. J. Paton 33 sect. Mesona (Blume) A. J. Paton 33, 38 P. annamense (G. Taylor) A. J. Paton 49 P. becquerelii (Doan) A. J. Paton 51 P. becquerelii S. Suddee & A. J. Paton 51 P. calcaratum (Hemsl.) A. J. Paton 32, 50 P. calcaratum var. calcaratum 51 P. calcaratum var. garrettii (Craib) S. Suddee 49, 51 P. cambodgense (Doan) A. J. Paton 60 P. cambodgense S. Suddee & A. J. Paton 58, 60 P. cambodgense var. cambodgense 62 P. cambodgense var. subulatum S. Suddee 62 P. chinense (Benth.) A. J. Paton 57 P. cochinchinense (Lour.) A. J. Paton 32, 58, 65 P. coloratum (D. Don) A. J. Paton 36, 38 P. coloratum var. coloratum 40 P. coloratum var. minutum S. Suddee 40 P. fimbriatum A. J. Paton 55 P. garrettii (Craib) A. J. Paton 51 P. grandiflorum (Doan) A. J. Paton 58 P. grandiflorum S. Suddee & A. J. Paton 58 P. hispidum (L.) A. J. Paton 35 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TRIBE OCIMEAE III. OCIMINAE 75 P. intermedium A. J. Paton 44 P. kerrii (Doan) A. J. Paton 53 P. kerrii S. Suddee & A. J. Paton 51, 53 P. lanceolatum (Chermsir. ex Murata) A. J. Paton 42 P. mekongense S. Suddee 65 P. ocimoides (G. Taylor) A. J. Paton 46 P. palustre (Blume) A. J. Paton 32, 57 P. rubrum (Doan) A. J. Paton 68 P. rubrum S. Suddee & A. J. Paton 68 P. siamense (Murata) A. J. Paton 40 P. stoloniferum (G. Taylor) A. J. Paton 46 P. taylorii (Doan) A. J. Paton 36 P. taylori S. Suddee & A. J. Paton 36 P. tectum A. J. Paton 55 P. verbenifolium (Watt ex Mukerjee) A. J. Paton 36 Plectranthus barrelieri (Roth) Spreng. 30 P. calcaratus Hemsl. 50 P. coloratus D. Don. 38, 40 P. garrettii Craib 51 P. indicus (Roth) Spreng. 31 P. marmoritis Hance 7, 8 P. micranthus Spreng. 4 P. monachorum (L.) Spreng. 26 P. rubicundus D. Don 9 P. thymiflorus (Roth) Spreng. 7 P. tristis (Roth) Spreng. 7 P. virgatus D. Don 9 Prunella indica Burm. f. 35 © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005