ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) Phytotaxa 404 (2): 065–073 https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press Article PHYTOTAXA ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.404.2.1 NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE I: two new species from Bahia LUDOVIC JEAN CHARLES KOLLMANN National Atlantic Forest Institute, Av. José Ruschi, 4, CEP 29650-000 Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil. Ludokoll@yahoo.com.br Abstract Two new species of Begonia from Bahia state, Brazil are described as Begonia micheliniana and Begonia charlesjarosiana. Begonia micheliniana is morphologically similar to Begonia polygonifolia and Begonia fagifolia. Begonia charlesjarosiana is morphologically similar to Begonia angularis. The new species grow in hygrophilous Atlantic Forest of Bahia state. Description, comparisons with morphologically similar species, etymology, taxonomic comments, illustrations, map and conservation statuses of the new species are also provided. Key words: Atlantic Forest, conservation, taxonomy Introduction About 213 species of Begonia L. are recorded from Brazil, of which 186 species are endemic to this country. Approximately 177 species out of a total of 180 Atlantic Forest Begonia species are restricted to this domain (Jacques et al. 2017). A recent floristic treatment of the Begonia of Bahia recognized 38 species, of which 15 are endemic to this state (Gregorio et al. 2016) and four were described as new species (Gregorio et al 2014, 2015). The Atlantic Forest biome is considered one of the most important areas of the world for biodiversity conservation (Myers et al., 2000, Mittermeier et al. 2004) because has a unique biota, characterized by high levels of diversity and endemism (Mori et al., 1981, Silva & Castelletti, 2003). The south of Bahia state has the highest levels of plant diversity and endemism in the biome (Thomas et al. 1998, 2008, Amorim et al. 2008, Sousa & Wendt 2008). Due to the reduction of the original coverage in the south of Bahia, the remaining native forest covers less than 4% of its original area (Thomas et al. 1998). As a result of a research program of Brazilian Begoniaceae including morphological and molecular analysis (L.Kollmann in prep.), and while undertaking fieldwork in Bahia state, two new species of Begonia were identified. These species are here described and illustrated as B. micheliniana and B. charlesjarosiana. Material & Methods Morphological data and illustrations were obtained from herbarium specimens as well as fresh material collected in the field. Type specimens collected were deposited at MBML, CEPEC, RB, (acronyms following Thiers 2017). Illustrations (Figure 1 and 3) were prepared by Joelcio Freitas. Photographic plates (Figure 2 and 4) were prepared by Ludovic J.C. Kollmann. The distribution map (Figure 5) was prepared in Simplemappr (Shorthouse, 2010). Conservation assessments followed criteria from IUCN (2017); the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) were estimated with GeoCAT (Bachman et al. 2011), and the area of occupancy was calculated from a cell with an area of 2 km2. Accepted by Peter Moonlight: 5 Jan. 2019; published: 17 May 2019 65 Taxonomy 1. Begonia micheliniana L. Kollmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 5). Begonia micheliniana is closely related to B. polygonifolia and B. fagifolia in its climbing scandent species, persistent stipule, white flower, but can be distinguished to B. polygonifolia by its lanceolate, rarely elliptical leaf blades (versus elliptical to oblanceolate), its petioles reaching 4.5–12.5 cm (versus 0.2–1.7 cm), and it can be distinguished to B. fagifolia by lanceolate to rarely elliptical leaf blades (versus ovate), and its adaxially glabrous and deciduous bracts (versus adaxially hirsute and persistent). Type:—BRAZIL. Bahia: Igrapiunã, Fazenda Michelin, 200 m elevation, 13°49’S 39°13’W, 18.febrery.2011 (fl., fr.), L. Kollmann, E. Leme & P. Lima 12182 (Holotype: MBML [MBML53014]!; Isotypes: CEPEC!, RB!). FIGURE 1. Begonia micheliniana. A. habit in the wild; B. habit with male and female flowers, C. male flower; D. female flower front view; E. female flower side view. Herbaceous, climbing, to 7m high, simple trichomes. Stems 5–7 mm diam. rooting at the nodes, internodes 4–7 cm long, green to reddish, lenticellate. Stipules persistent, 2.3–2.5 × 0.7–1.1 cm, greenish to reddish, translucent, asymmetrical, triangulate to falcate, lenticellate, apex acute to mucronate, base asymmetrical, margins entire, abaxial face carinate, papiraceous when dry. Petioles 4.5–12.5 cm long, green to reddish, lenticellate, glabrous, hairy at the apex, adaxial face sulcate. Lamina 11.5–20.8 × 2–6.8 cm, asymmetrical, lanceolate, rarely elliptical, adaxial face dark-green, abaxial face reddish to red-wine, apex acute, base obovate to acute, margins sparcialy serrulate, venation pinnate, veins adaxially introse, abaxially prominent, base of the abaxial face with a tuft of trichomes, stomata clustered. Inflorescences with 4– 7-dichotomous cymes, 28–35 cm long, whitish to reddish, lenticellate; bracts deciduous, 1–3 × 0.2–0.5 mm, greenish, translucent, triangulate, apex acute, glabrous. Staminate flowers: pedicels 4–9 mm long, white to pinkish, flattened, glabrous; 2-sepals, ca. 5 × 4 mm, white to pinkish, concave, obovate to orbiculate, apex rounded, margins entire, 66 • Phytotaxa 404 (2) © 2019 Magnolia Press KOLLMANN FIGURE 2. Begonia micheliniana. A. habit; B. leaf; C. stipule; D. bract; E. male flower front view; F. male flower side view; G. sepals (a) and petals (b); H. stamen; I. sepals (a) and petals (b) of female flower, J. stigma; K. fruit side view; L. seeds (A-L: L.Kollmann 12182). revolute; 2-petals, ca. 4.5 × 2 mm, white to pinkish, concave, obovate, apex obtuse, margins entire; stamens ca. 30, yellow, filaments 1–1.8 mm long, anthers 1–1.3 mm long, rimose, obovate, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, connective slightly projecting, apex obtuse to rounded. Pistillate flowers: pedicels 1–1.2 cm long, white, flattened, glabrous; prophylls 1–2, ca. 0.6 × 0.1 mm, white, triangulate, apex acute; 2-sepals, 3–4 × 1.5–2 cm, white, elliptical, apex acute; NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE I Phytotaxa 404 (2) © 2019 Magnolia Press • 67 FIGURE 3. Begonia charlesjarosiana. A. habit; B. stipule; C. male flower; D. female flower; E. Fruit. 3-petals, 7 × 4–4.5 mm, white, unequal, apex acute, one concave, obovate, two flattened, falcate to oblong; ovary 3locular, axile placentation, one placentae per locule, ovules on both sides of placentae; 3-styles, 4–5 × 2 mm, yellow, 68 • Phytotaxa 404 (2) © 2019 Magnolia Press KOLLMANN united at base, each bifurcate, band of stigmatic papillae. Capsules ca. 2 × 9 mm, basally dehiscent, 3-wings, unequal, white to reddish, larger one 1–1.1 × 0.8–2 cm, smaller two 0.8–1 × 0.2–0.5 cm. Seeds ca. 0.7 ×0.25 mm, cylindrical, apex and base truncate. Paratype:—Brazil.–Bahia: Igrapiunã, Fazenda Michelin, 200 m elevation, 13°49’S 39°13’W, 18.II.2011, fl., fr., L. Kollmann 12184, E. Leme & P. Lima (MBML [MBML53015]!). Distribution, habitat and phenology. Begonia micheliniana is known from coastal low-elevation slopes (40 to 250 m elevation) covered by hygrophilous Atlantic Forest of Bahia state. Begonia micheliniana climbs on the trunk of the trees to a height of seven meters. Flowers were observed from December to June, fruits from February to September. Conservation status:—Due to the apparent endemic distribution of B. micheliniana, with extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 10 km2 and considering the high levels of deforestation and land use changes across its range it would seem prudent to classify the species as Critically Endangered (CR) (B2ab(iii)) due to the low number of known locations and decline in quality of habitat (IUCN 2017). Etymology:—The name of the new species pays homage to Michelin family, proprietors of the “Plantações Michelin Bahia” in Bahia state, Brazil, who continue to help protect a forest fragment in the important forests of southern Bahia state. Notes:—The type locality is composed by dense rain forest remaining between areas of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations. The “Plantações Michelin Bahia” contains about 3,000 hectares of protected native forest, 1,000 hectares of rubber tree culture and an important social project. Begonia micheliniana is closely related to B. polygonifolia and B. fagifolia in its climbing scandent habit, persistent stipules and white flower, but can be distinguished from B. polygonifolia by lanceolate to rarely elliptical leaf blade (vs. elliptical to oblanceolate), its 4.5–12.5 cm long petiole (vs. 0.25–2.5 cm long), and it can be distinguished from B. fagifolia by lanceolate to elliptical leaf blade (vs. ovate to lanceolate), and its adaxially glabrous (vs. hirsute) and deciduous bracts (vs. persistent). According to the sectional classification of Doorenbos et al. (1998), and Moonlight et al. (2018) Begonia micheliniana is nested within section Wageneria (Klotzsch) A.DC. This group of species share a climbing habit and stems that produce adventitious roots at the nodes, symmetrical or subsymmetrical leaf blades that are pinnately or palmately veined, stamens with filaments slightly united below and anthers that are usually much shorter than the filaments, and cylindrical seeds crowned with a group of larger cells at the truncate apex. 2. Begonia charlesjarosiana L.Kollmann sp. nov. (figs 2, 4, 5) Begonia angularis auct. non. Raddi., Gregório, Flora da Bahia: Begoniaceae. Sitientibus série Ciências Biológicas 16:1–52. Diagnosis:—Begonia charlesjarosiana is closely related to Begonia angularis Raddi but can be distinguished by the deciduous stipules (versus persistent), persistent bracts (versus deciduous), pistillate flower with 2 prophyles (versus.without prophyles.), and its flabellate style (versus rounded and twisted style). Type:—BRAZIL. Bahia: Jaguaquara, distrito de Baixão de Ipiúna, 676m elevation, 13°14’04’’S 39°48’57’’W, L. Kollmann & L. Daneu 13447, 26 October 2017 (holotype MBML [MBML53013!], isotype CEPEC!,, RB!). Sub-shrub, erect, 0.6–1.8 m high, glandulate trichomes. Stems internodes 1–6 cm long, green. Stipules, 1.5–2.3 × 0.5–2 cm, oblong, apex rounded to obtuse, mucronate, carinate on abaxial face, margins entire, deciduous. Petioles 2–11.5 cm long, green. Lamina 14–27 × 5.5–12.5 cm, asymmetrical, basifixed, lanceolate to elliptical, green, pinkish in abaxial face, apex acuminate, base cordate, margin crenate, sparsely ciliate, actinodromous, 5–6 veins at base. Inflorescences 13–26 cm long, 2–5-dichasial first cymes, later monochasial cymes with 4–7 staminate flowers, one pistillate flower apical; bracts persistent, 0.5–1 × 0.9–1.65 mm, ovate, apex obtuse to rounded. Staminate flowers: pedicels 7–10 mm long, white; 2-sepals, 5–8 × 4–6 mm, white, oblong to rounded, apex rounded, margins entire; 2-petals, 3–5 × 1.3–3 mm, white, lanceolate to elliptical, apex rounded to acute, margins entire; stamens 10–18, yellow, filaments not equal, 0.2–1 mm long, anthers 1.75–2.3 mm long, rimose, oblong, connective projecting, apex obtuse. Pistillate flowers: pedicels 0.8–3 cm long, white; prophyles 2, 0.5–1 × 0.5–1.5 mm, deltoid, apex rounded; 2-sepals, 3.5–4.3 × 2.2–3 mm, white, elliptical to oblong, apex obtuse; 3-petals, 5–5.2 × 3 mm, white, elliptical to oblong, apex obtuse; ovary 3-locular, placentation axile, one placentae per locule, ovules on both sides of placentae; 3-styles, 2.5–3.2 mm, yellow, flabellate, unequal branches, united at base, 2–3 divided, entirely covered with band of stigmatic papillae. Pedicels of fruit 1–2.2 cm long. Capsule 9–12 × 4.5–10 mm, basally dehiscent, 3-wings, unequal, larger one 1.6–2.9 × 1.2–3 cm, ascendant, apex acute to rounded, smaller two 1–1.7 × 0.5–1 cm, ascendant, apex obtuse to acute. Seeds ca. 0.45 mm, oblong, apex truncate. NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE I Phytotaxa 404 (2) © 2019 Magnolia Press • 69 FIGURE 4. Begonia charlesjarosiana. A. habit; B. stipule; C. bract; D. male flower front view; E. male flower sepals (a) and petal (b); F. stamen; G. female flower side view; H. prophyll on the pedicel; I. prophyll; J. female flower sepals (a) petals (b); K. stigma; L. fruit side view; M. seed (A–F,M: W. Milikken, 5106, G–K: L.A. Mattos-Silva 4489). 70 • Phytotaxa 404 (2) © 2019 Magnolia Press KOLLMANN FIGURE 5. Distribution map of Begonia micheliniana (square); B. charlesjarosiana (star) Paratypes:—BRAZIL, Bahia, Amargosa, Serra do Timbó, Fazenda do Sr; Arlindo, F.M. ferreira et al. 1830, 16 November 2007 (CEPEC[CEPEC121696]!); Bahia, Jaguaquara, Serra do Timbó, distrito de Baixão de Ipiuna, D.C. Zappi et al. 3378, 09 October 2012 (HUEFS[HUEFS198462]!, RB[RB570415]!); Bahia: Wenceslau Guimarães, Estação Ecológica Estadual Nova Esperança, margem da Cachoeira do rio Serra Grande, 27 july 2001, (fl., fr.), L.A. MattosSilva et al. 4489 (HUEFS[HUEFS60043]!, UESC[UESC6325]!, CEPEC[CEPEC91574]!, ALCB[ALCB58598]); Wenceslau Guimarães, Estação Ecológica Estadual de Wenceslau Guimarães, trilha da Petioba, 24 May 2013, (fr.), B.S. Gregorio 253 (HUEFS[HUEFS216199]!). Wenceslau Guimarães, Estação Ecológica, ao lado da Cachoeira, 17 october 2012, (fr.), W. Milliken et al. 5106 (HURB [HURB4660]!, FUEL [FUEL52777]!, ALCB [ALCB11765], HUEFS[HUEFS198461]!, HUEFS[HUEFS203578]!). Distribution, habitat and phenology:—Begonia charlesjarosiana occurs between 500–700 m elevation, in sandy soil or humus on rocks in forest. The predominant vegetation is dense Ombrophilous Forest (Atlantic Forest). It flowers between July and October and bares fruits between May to November. Conservation status:—Considering the Area of Occupancy of about 12 km2, and the Extent of Occurrence of 199 km2 and due to the low number of known locations and decline in quality of habitat, we classify the species NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE I Phytotaxa 404 (2) © 2019 Magnolia Press • 71 as Endangered according to IUCN’s category B1a and B2ab(iii) (IUCN 2017). Although species populations are within a Conservation Unit (the Ecological State Station of Wenceslau Guimarães) the area is subject to high levels of deforestation and land use changes, thus Begonia charlesjarosiana can be considered Endangered. Etymology:—The name of the new species is a posthumous homage to Charles Jaros, who has greatly contributed to knowledge of the begonias and had an important contribution at the American Begonian Society. Notes:—Culture of cacao, fruits, coffee, manioc and cattle breeding are the best common agricultural activities in Wenceslau Guimarães and Jaguaquara. Begonia convolvulacea A.DC., B. fruticosa A.DC., B. glabra Aubl., B. grisea A.DC., B. itaguassuensis Brade, B. reniformis Dryand, B. russeliana L.B.Sm. ex S.F.Sm. & Wassh., B. smilacina A.DC. and B. subacida Irmsch. are also present at this site and approximately 30 new species of different plants family are described from this two adjacent Municipalities, demonstrating the high level of diversity of the region. In Flora of Bahia (Gregorio 2016) Begonia charlesjarosiana was named erroneously as Begonia angularis. Begonia charlesjarosiana is closely related to Begonia angularis Raddi but can be distinguished by its deciduous stipules (vs. persistent), its dichasial cymes at the base and later monochasial cymes (vs. always dichasial), its persistent (vs. deciduous) and ovate (vs. elliptical) bracts with a rounded apex (vs. acute to mucronate), its pistillate flower with 2 prophyles (vs. without prophyles), and its style flabellate (vs. twisted), 2–3 unequal branches (vs. 2 equal branches ). According to the sectional classification of Doorenbos et al. (1998) and Moonlight et al. (2018), Begonia charlesjarosiana belongs to the section Pritzelia, with approximately 130 species from South America. Species in this section share entire placentae and the presence of cystoliths in the leaf cells (Doorenbos et al. 1998). Acknowledgments The author wishes to acknowledge, Lukas Daneu, Elton M. C. Leme, Pedro C. Lima and Zildomar S. Magalhães for their company and help in field work. 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