Code
AVEST
Growth form
Grass
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
Terrestrial
Avena sterilis L.
synonym | Avena fatua var. sterilis (L.) Fiori & Paol. |
synonym | Avena macrocarpa Moench, nom. superfl. |
synonym | Avena nutans St.-Lag., nom. superfl. |
synonym | Avena sativa var. sterilis (L.) Fiori |
synonym | Avena sterilis subsp. macrocarpa Briq., nom. inval. |
synonym | Avena sterilis subsp. sterilis |
Arabic |
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French |
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Seedling
Single cotyledon large, 80-120 mm x 4-5 mm, glabrous. Primordial leaves larger, 200 x 5 mm, glabrous to slightly ciliated. Sheath striate and hairy. Ligule oval, denticulate, membranous, 1-2 mm long, without auricles. Mesocotyl more or less long depending on depth of burial. Seedling with rolled pre-foliage, frankly green.
Adult plant
Avena sterilis is an annual grass with an upright habit that can reach 2 m in height. Simple culm. Leaves alternate, flat, broad, 15-30 cm x 6-10 mm, glabrous or pubescent, ciliated at the margin. Ligule white, oval, membranous, toothed, 3-8 mm long. Panicle large, loose, at first spreading, later becoming one-sided and nodding. Spikelets horizontal or pendulous, 30-40 mm long, very open, with 3-4 flowers, disarticulating at the callus at the base of the first flower. The two upper flowers glabrous and awnless, the two lower flowers hairy and with long, geniculate dorsal awn 3-9 cm long. Caryopses rounded, angular, brown, ca. 20-30 mm long, remaining enveloped in their lemma and palea.
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Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Algeria: Avena sterilis germinates in autumn-winter; flowering takes place from April to May.
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Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Avena sterilis multiplies by seeds with ridges that twist under the effect of moisture (hygroscopic action) allowing them to sink into the soil.
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Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Growth form
Lamina base
Lamina margin
Lamina apex
Upperface pilosity
Upperface hair type
Lowerface pilosity
Lowerface hair type
Simple leaf type
Lamina section
Lamina Veination
Flower color
Inflorescence type
Stem pilosity
Stem hair type
Grass
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Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Avena sterilis subsp. sterilis can easily be confused with Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana and differs from it in that its spikelets are longer than 30 mm. On the other hand, it differs from A. byzantina, whose spikelet is not articulated by a callus at the base of the first floret, and from the non-geniculate-awned lemmas, and from A. barbata and A. fatua, whose spikelet rachis is articulated between all florets.
A. sterilis has many variable types that appear to be neither wild nor cultivated forms, which have arisen from crosses between different Avena species.
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Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Avena sterilis is a C3 species.
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Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Algeria: Avena sterilis is a very common species in all types of annual and perennial crops in Algeria, but mainly in cereal crops, which is confirmed by the profusion of vernacular names. Preference for silty, clayey-silty or marly soils whose high water retention capacity is compensated by a richness in pebbles which facilitates drainage.
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Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Toxicity
Avena sterilis is an allergenic pollen plant.
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Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Origin
Avena sterilis is native to the Macaronesian-Mediterranean-Iranian-Turanic regions.
Worlwide distribution
This species has been introduced in North and South America, South Africa, South Australia and New Zealand.
Algeria: Common everywhere up to the central Sahara.
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Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Algeria: Avena sterilis is a major "weed". It is one of the most harmful species of field crops because it can colonise practically all ecological environments (very frequent species), moreover its great adaptation to the agricultural environment gives it a very important potential of invading plots (very abundant species). It is a typical species of intensified cereals and its size, which often exceeds the cereals, and its very high density make it one of the most harmful grasses. Although many panicles clearly outgrow the wheat, an estimate of the intensity of infestation can only be approximate, as many small accessory culms on the one hand and main culms of late developed plants on the other remain "hidden" in the wheat. This also explains why hand or machine pollarding to prevent it from producing seeds only partially reduces its populations, and may even cause the emergence of new shoots. The infestation caused by the primary seeds occurs mainly during the first growing season after seed drop, whereas the secondary and tertiary seeds, which form in smaller numbers, do not germinate until years later due to their more pronounced dormancy. The possibility of germinating deeper (20 cm), the staggered emergence from autumn to the end of winter and the diversity of the developmental stage of the individuals explain on the one hand its presence in all crops, and on the other hand the difficulty of its elimination during cultivation.
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Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Local control
Algeria: the false seeding technique, a destocking technique, which was especially developed to limit weed infestation in winter cereals is not really efficient for the control of Avena sterilis which is able to germinate until the end of the winter and in depth. High straw cereal varieties sown at high density compete better with this species. Tolerances to iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium and mesosulfuron-methyl have been reported in Iran, but active ingredients such as clodinafop-propargil + cloquintocet-mexyl, diclofopmethyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + mefenpyr-diethyl, clodinafop-propargil, diclofopmethyl, sulfosulfuron, pinoxaden + cloquintocet-methyl, pinoxaden + clodinafop-propargyl, popaquizafop, bentazone, glufosinate ammonium, etc. continue to control adult weeds.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Avena%2520sterilis
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Liliopsida |
Order | Poales |
Family | Poaceae |
Genus | Avena |
Species | Avena sterilis L. |