Skip to main content

Geography of African Rubiaceae with reference to glacial rain forest refuges

  • Chapter
The Biodiversity of African Plants

Abstract

The Rubiaceae is among the most diversified and largest of the families in the African rain forest and consequently presents a suitable sample to test the theory of glacial forest refuges. Most forest Rubiaceae are ecologically selective and present a sufficiently low long distance dispersal potential to qualify. Generic diversity centres, patterns of endemism and disjunctions in lowland forest Rubiaceae generally corroborate the theory. It is also found that the refuges are characterized by generic endemism, a fact perhaps indicating that the ice ages had a catastrophic influence on the flora of tropical Africa. The data assembled (i) point towards modifications of the delimitation of accepted refuge areas, and (ii) indicate the existence of a few more refuge areas, e.g. in the Zaire Basin and in the Indian Ocean coastal belt.

Résumé

La famille des Rubiaceae est l’une des plus importantes de la forêt ombrophile africaine et constitue donc un exemple valable pour vérifier la théorie des refuges forestiers glaciaires. La plupart des Rubiaceae forestières ont une écologie suffisamment exigeante et une potentialité de dispersion à longue distance assez faible pour servir de témoin. Les centres de diversité générique, les modes d’endémisme et les disjonctions d’aires observées chez les Rubiaceae des forêts planitiaires corroborent cette théorie. Il s’avère également que les refuges sont caractérisés par un endémisme générique, ce qui pourrait indiquer que l’ère glaciaire a une influence catastrophique sur la flore de l’Afrique tropicale. Les données réunies (i) montrent des modifications dans la délimitation des aires de refuge acceptées et (ii) indiquent l’existence de quelques autres aires de refuge, notamment dans le bassin du Zaïre et dans la bande côtière de l’Océan Indien.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bawa, K.S. & J.H. Beach, 1983. Self-incompatibility systems in the Rubiaceae of a tropical lowland wet forest. Amer. J. Bot. 70: 1281–1288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bremekamp, C.E.B., 1940. Cladoceras subcapitatum. Hook. Ic. Pl., ser. 5, 5: t. 3411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bridson, D.M., 1986. The reinstatement of the African genus Keetia(Rubiaceae subfam. Cinchonoideae, tribe Vanguerieae). Kew Bull. 41: 965–994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bridson, D.M. & B. Verdcourt, 1988. Flora of tropical East Africa. Rubiaceae (part 2). Rotterdam, Balkema.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colyn, M., A. Gauthier-Hion & W. Verheyen, 1991. A re-appraisal of palaeoenvironmental history in Central Africa: evidence for a major fluvial refuge in the Zaire basin. Journ. Biogeogr. 18: 403–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Block, P., in prep. Revision of Ixora (Rubiaceae - Pavetteae) in Africa. Opera Bot. Belg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallé, N., 1966. Famille des Rubiacées (lère partie). Paris, Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Flore du Gabon 12: 278 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallé, N., 1970. Famille des Rubiacées (2e partie). Paris, Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Flore du Gabon 17: 335 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, A.C., 1974. Distribution patterns of forest trees in Uganda and their historical significance. Vegetatio 29: 21–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huysmans, S., E. Smets & E. Robbrecht, 1993. Endoaperture morphology in the Coptosapelteae (Rubiaceae-Cinchonoideae). In: D. Fürnkranz & H. Schantl (eds.), 11. Symp. Morph., Anat. Syst., Salzburg. Kurzfassungen: 66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Léonard, J., 1965. Contribution à la subdivision de la région guinéo-congolaise d’après la répartition géographique d’Euphorbiacées d’Afrique tropicale. Webbia 19: 627–649.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maley, J., 1987. Fragmentation de la forêt dense humide africaine et extension des biotopes montagnards au Quaternaire récent: nouvelles données polliniques et chronologiques. Implications paléoclimatiques et biogéographiques. In: J.A. Coetzee (ed.), Palaeoecology of Africa 18: 307–334. Rotterdam, Balkema.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ndjele, M., 1988. Principales distributions obtenues par l’analyse factorielles des éléments phytogéographiques présumés endémiques dans la flore du Zaïre. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 631–638.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petit, E., 1964. Les espèces africaines du genre PsychotriaL. (Rubiaceae)–I. Bull. Rijksplantentuin, Bruss. 34: 1–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Puff, C., 1981. Studies in Otiophora Zucc. 1. The tropical African and Madagascan taxa. Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 51: 119–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puff, C. & E. Robbrecht, 1989. A survey of the Knoxieae (Rubiaceae–Antirheoideae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 110: 511–558.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E., 1978a. Sericanthe, a new African genus of Rubiaceae (Coffeeae). Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 48: 3–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E., 1978b. Some observations in PreussiodoraKeay (African Rubiaceae, Gardenieae). Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 111: 3–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E., 1979. The African genus TricalysiaA. Rich. (Rubiaceae–Coffeeae): 1. A.revision of the species of subgenus Empogona. Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 49: 239–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E., 1981a. Studies in tropical African Rubiaceae. 2. The position of Tricalysia auriculataand Neorosea adamii. Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 51: 167–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E., 1981b. Studies in tropical African Rubiaceae. 4. The distribution of Batopedinaand Parapentas. Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 51: 186–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E., 1982. The African genus TricalysiaA. Rich. (Rubiaceae–Coffeeae) 2. Ephedranthera, a new section of subgenus Tricalysia. Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 52: 311–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E., 1983. The African genus TricalysiaA. Rich. (Rubiaceae) 3. Probletostemonrevived as a section of subgenus Tricalysia. Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 53: 299–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E., 1984. The delimitation and taxonomic position of the tropical African genera Leptactiniaand Dictyandra(Rubiaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 145: 105–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E., 1987. The African genus TricalysiaA. Rich. (Rubiaceae). 4. A.revision of the species of sectio Tricalysiaand sectio Rosea. Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 57: 39–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E., 1988. Tropical woody Rubiaceae. Characteristic features and progressions. Contributions to a new subfamilial classification. Opera Bot. Belg. 1: 271 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E., 1993a. Seventy years of systematics of tropical Rubiaceae at the National Botanic Garden. Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 62: 7–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E., 1993b. Supplement to the 1988 outline of the classification of the Rubiaceae. Index to genera. Opera Bot. Belg. 6: 173–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E., in prep. Generic distribution patterns in African Rubiaceae.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbrecht, E. & D.M. Bridson, 1984. The taxonomic position of the East African genus Cladoceras(Rubiaceae). Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 117: 247–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Somers, C., 1988. Aoranthe (Rubiaceae), a new genus to accommodate the African species of Porterandia. Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 58: 47–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sonké, B., 1990. Systématique et biologie du genre Oxyanthus (Rubiaceae-Gardenieae) en Afrique centrale. 1: 88 pp.; 2: 130 pp. Thesis Université de Yaoundé.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sosef, M.S.M., 1994. Refuge begonias. Taxonomy, phylogeny and historical biogeography of Begoniasect. Loasibegoniaand sect. Scutobegoniain relation to glacial rain forest refuges in Africa. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 94 (1): 306 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoffelen, P., E. Robbrecht & E. Smets, in prep. A revision of Corynanthe and Pausinystalia (African Rubiaceae - Coptosapelteae).

    Google Scholar 

  • White, F., 1978. The Afromontane Region. In: M.J.A. Werger (ed.). Biogeography and ecology of Southern Africa: 463–513. Junk, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, F., 1979. The Guineo-Congolian Region and its relationship to other phytochoria. Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 49: 11–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, F., 1993a. The AETFAT chorological classification of Africa: history, methods and application. Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 62: 225–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, F., 1993b. Refuge theory, ice-age aridity and the history of tropical biotas: an essay in plant-geography. Fragm. Flor. Geobot., suppl. 2 (2): 385–409.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Robbrecht, E. (1996). Geography of African Rubiaceae with reference to glacial rain forest refuges. In: van der Maesen, L.J.G., van der Burgt, X.M., van Medenbach de Rooy, J.M. (eds) The Biodiversity of African Plants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0285-5_71

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0285-5_71

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6613-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0285-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics