Abstract
The northeastern region (NER) of India is bestowed by the great Himalayan landscapes and their unique bioresources. Among the bioresources, orchid species are revered and well-known indicators of climatic change. Orchids are monocotyledonous plants known for their sui generis and alluring flowers. About 1484 orchid species are reported to be in India including 856 in the NER. Environmental sustainability requires an understanding of climatic change; hence conservation of orchid bioresources has heightened importance. Consequently, an attempt has been made to gather information of orchid species present in the NER of India from extensive field survey and available secondary sources. New additions, bar coding, and mass propagation protocols of orchid species available in the region are discussed.
The survey results revealed that 249 common species are enumerated by primary and secondary sources of the NER of the country. Among these, a number of species were found to be sensitive to microclimatic change. In the study period, many species (including Bulbophyllum hookeri, Vanda coerulea, Renanthera imschootiana) were observed in different threatened categories of the International Union for Conservation Nature (IUCN). Through vegetative propagation, selected species were reintroduced.
This chapter highlights the importance of orchids as key indicators of climate change and details their uses for medicinal, food, and cultural significance. The study recommends that there is a need to develop a strategic protocol for conservation and a digital documentation of the species available in study areas to ensure sustainable usage and conservation.
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Acknowledgments
Authors wish to thank the local people of the Northeastern Region (NER) of India; authorities of the Forest Department of NER; the Director of Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India; and team members of Ambika Prasad Research Foundation, Regional Centre, Imphal, India.
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Kumar, S. et al. (2022). Orchid Diversity, Conservation, and Sustainability in Northeastern India. In: Furze, J.N., Eslamian, S., Raafat, S.M., Swing, K. (eds) Earth Systems Protection and Sustainability. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85829-2_5
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