An Overview of Treatment Recommendations for the Treacher Collins Syndrome Patient

Abstract

Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is characterized by a multitude of craniofacial deformities including involvement of the midface, mandible and their accompanied dentition and occlusion, as well as, the orbits, ears, and neural and muscular structures of the head and neck. TCS also carries secondary psychosocial and behavioral issues, as well as impaired breathing, speech, and sleep impairment. There are numerous management algorithms and paradigms, and they vary by the institution and the experience and opinion of the managing team. Carrying out individualized patient-centered treatment in a multidisciplinary fashion is critical to maximize outcomes. The team must be well versed in managing and addressing the airway, hearing, and the associated facial deformities through the growth and lifetime of the patient. Critical interventions include, but are not limited to: distraction to establish airway competence, early speech therapy, palatal cleft correction, eyelid and orbital correction, ear reconstruction, costochondral grafting, maxillary and mandibular, distraction, or alloplastic total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement for the mandibular deformity, orthognathic surgery, and hard and soft tissue augmentation (autogenous or alloplastic). This chapter will review and summarize the available evidence including that presented in this book for the management options for TCS.