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Aquatic Plants

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Flora and Vegetation of the Pantanal Wetland

Part of the book series: Plant and Vegetation ((PAVE,volume 18))

Abstract

This is an overview of the aquatic plants of the Pantanal wetland, from our field observations and the leading publications. We added an updated checklist of 533 species, including their life form and habitats, based on herbarium records with reliable identification, mostly from our collections. We compiled 509 species of Angiosperms, comprising 76 families and 182 genera, nearly all native, only eight naturalized and three cultivated. Macroalgae (Charophyta), liverwort (Bryophyta), and ferns and allies (Polypodiopsida) add to 24 species. The species-richest families are Cyperaceae (86 species), Poaceae (76), Fabaceae (35), and Plantaginaceae (24), together adding up to 44% of the total number of Angiosperms. The most numerous genera are Ludwigia (25), Cyperus (24), Rhynchospora (19), Utricularia (19), Eleocharis (17), Bacopa (14), Scleria (12) and Echinodorus (11). Most species are amphibious and emergent plants, whereas only a few are submerged. We comment on species taxonomy, flora, curiosities, ecology (traits), aquatic weeds, habitats (including floating meadows), life forms, biology, dispersal, vegetative propagation, seed bank, vegetation dynamics, how to collect, usefulness, impacts, resilience, and conservation. Most exotic species are also amphibious; the most invasive is Urochloa arrecta. Only four species are endemic to the Pantanal, all of Arachis of floodable habitats, A. hoehnei, A. linearifolia, A. valida, and A. vallsii. The Pantanal contains the tiniest (Wolffia) and the biggest (Victoria) hydrophyte.

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  1. Herbário CGMS, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil

    Vali Joana Pott

  2. Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil

    Arnildo Pott

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    Geraldo Alves Damasceno-Junior

  2. Instituto de Biociências, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

    Arnildo Pott

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Pott, V.J., Pott, A. (2021). Aquatic Plants. In: Damasceno-Junior, G.A., Pott, A. (eds) Flora and Vegetation of the Pantanal Wetland. Plant and Vegetation, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83375-6_4

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