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Biogeography and Conservation

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Mycoheterotrophy

Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss the aspects of the biogeography and conservation of fully mycoheterotrophic plants, with a strong emphasis on angiosperms. We provide a comprehensive overview of the distribution of mycoheterotrophic plants in tropical and temperate zones and compare the diversity of mycoheterotrophic lineages between biogeographic regions. Observed common biogeographic patterns, including widespread taxa, disjunct distribution ranges, diversity hotspots, endemism, and rarity, are discussed in an evolutionary and ecological context. We also examine the possible link between the distribution of mycoheterotrophic plants and the distribution of their specific host fungi. On a smaller spatial scale, we provide an overview of common habitat characteristics of mycoheterotrophs, and we determine aspects that may explain the co-occurrence of different lineages. We also focus on conservation issues of mycoheterotrophic plants and list major factors that threaten their existence. Lastly, conservation strategies necessary for the survival of threatened mycoheterotrophs are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, 9514, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Vincent S. F. T. Merckx & Erik F. Smets

  2. Laboratory of Plant Systematics, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium

    Erik F. Smets

  3. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Chelsea D. Specht

Authors
  1. Vincent S. F. T. Merckx
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  2. Erik F. Smets
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  3. Chelsea D. Specht
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Correspondence to Vincent S. F. T. Merckx .

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  1. , Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, Leiden, 2333, Netherlands

    Vincent Merckx

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Merckx, V.S.F.T., Smets, E.F., Specht, C.D. (2013). Biogeography and Conservation. In: Merckx, V. (eds) Mycoheterotrophy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5209-6_3

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