Abstract
Since ancient times, bamboos have been used by different cultures in folk medicine for the treatment of many diseases, among them, bacterial infections. Brazil has a great diversity of herbaceous and woody bamboo species, many of them endemic. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial potential of leaf extracts of seven Brazilian native bamboo species: Olyra glaberrima (OG), Parodiolyra micrantha (PM), Aulonemia aristulata (AA), Filgueirasia arenicola (FA), Filgueirasia cannavieira (FC), Merostachys neesii (MN), and Merostachys pluriflora (MP). Antibacterial activity of hexane (HE), hydroethanol (EE), and aqueous (AE) extracts from bamboo leaves were evaluated by the broth microdilution method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria), and Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive bacterium). Hexane extracts were the most active against all bacteria tested and showed a bacteriostatic effect. Hexane extracts of OG, FC, and MP inhibited the growth of B. subtilis; IC50: 0.39, 0.86, and 0.87 mg mL−1, respectively. Almost all HE was active against E. coli, exception for OG and FA extracts; furthermore, the HE of MP was the most active against E. coli, showing the lowest IC50 (1.12 mg mL−1). Overall, the extracts were more promising against P. aeruginosa with HE of MP being the most active extract (IC50: 0.36 mg mL−1). In conclusion, Brazilian native bamboos, like the Asian ones, showed antibacterial activity. Moreover, the most promising studied species was M. pluriflora; HE of MP inhibited the growth of the three bacteria tested.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq—Process Numbers: 164152/2015-6 and 303332/2019-0) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for the PhD research grants; Tarciso Filgueiras (in memoriam) for identification of Parodiolyra micrantha, Aulonemia aristulata, Filgueirasia arenicola, Filgueirasia cannavieira, Merostachys neesii, and Merostachys pluriflora and Milton Groppo Júnior for Olyra glaberrima identification; and Aline Bertinatto Cruz and Mourisa Ferreira for their technical assistance during analysis. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.
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FAM, JG, and MTGG collected the plant material and prepared the extracts; CMF, FAM, and JG designed the study; FAM and WRSC conducted the experiments; FAM wrote the manuscript; JG, WRSC, CMF, and MTGG revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Anselmo-Moreira, F., Gagliano, J., Sala-Carvalho, W.R. et al. Antibacterial potential of extracts from different Brazilian bamboo species. Braz. J. Bot 44, 309–315 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00683-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00683-8