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Thymus paronychioides (Lamiaceae), a Neglected Species from Sicily Belonging to Thymus sect. Hypodromi

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Abstract

The taxonomic position of Thymus paronychioides Čelak., a neglected species until recently treated as a synonym of Th. striatus or Th. spinulosus, is reviewed. Karyological and morphological characters were used for comparative analyses with closely related taxa belonging to Th. sect. Hypodromi, such as Th. striatus and Th. spinulosus, occurring in the Mediterranean area (Italy, Balkans and Turkey). Multivariate and univariate morphometric analyses showed that Th. paronychioides is clearly distinct from Th. striatus and Th. spinulosus in the unique features of leaves (elliptical-spathulate, fleshy, with ± curved and prominent lateral veins), in the inflorescence being always capitate with few flowers, and in the larger corolla with the tube usually exceeding the calyx. Furthermore, chromosome counts showed that Th. paronychioides is polyploid (2n = ca. 60), whereas Th. spinulosus and Th. striatus are diploid (2n = 2x = 26). Hence, Th. paronychioides is shown to be an independent taxon, endemic to NW Sicily, placed within Th. sect. Hypodromi subsect. Serpyllastrum. Finally, an identification key to the Italian species of Th. sect. Hypodromi is provided.

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Acknowledgments

Gianfranco Pirone, Jan Suda, Fabio Conti and the staff of the Floristic Research Center of the Apennine are gratefully acknowledged for their help and advice during our study. Many thanks are due to the curators of AO, APP, AQUI, BI, BM, BRNM, CAME, CAT, CLU, FI, G, H, IS, K, LEC, NAP, MANCH, MSNM, PAL, PI, PORUN, PR, RO, ROV, TSB, WU and ZA herbaria; Robert P. Wagensommer and Joerg Meister for help with translations from German; Laura Cancellieri, Giampiero Ciaschetti, Eva Del Vico, Luciano Di Martino, Daniele Di Santo, Giovanni Gestri, Marco Iocchi, Nicola Ranalli, Leonardo Rosati, Giovanni Salerno, A. Soldano, A. Stinca, and Robert P. Wagensommer for providing us with plant materials.

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  1. Centro Ricerche Floristiche dell’Appennino, Parco Nazionale del Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga Università di Camerino, S. Colombo, via prov.le km 4.2, 67021, Barisciano, L’Aquila, Italy

    Fabrizio Bartolucci

  2. Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, via Luca Ghini 5, 56126, Pisa, Italy

    Lorenzo Peruzzi

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  1. Fabrizio Bartolucci
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  2. Lorenzo Peruzzi
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Correspondence to Fabrizio Bartolucci.

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Appendices

Appendix 1 Plant material studied and used for the morphometric analyses

Thymus paronychioides Čelak.

ITALY: Sicily: salendo verso la vetta di Rocca Busambra (Palermo) (ED50 33S 360268 4190974), pascoli aridi, 1,395 m, 5 Jun 2010, F. Bartolucci, F. Conti, N. Ranalli (APP, 20 sheets); lungo la strada sterrata tra Cima Cucco e Rocca Busambra (Palermo) (ED50 33S 360781 4191903), pendii rupestri, 900 m, 5 Jun 2010, F. Bartolucci, F. Conti, N. Ranalli (APP, 10 sheets); Rocca Busambra, Palermo, 16 Jun 1980, S. Brullo (CAT); ibidem, 4 Jun 1988, Brullo, Minissale (CAT, 2 sheets); Mt. San Giuliano near Erice (Erice, Trapani), 38°02′ N 12°35′ E, calcareus soil, 600–700 m, 13 Jun 1990, Raimondo et. al. (PAL); Busambra, […] aridis, Jul 1879, Todaro (FI); in aridis montosis, Siciliae, Busambra, VI, Todaro (PR, epitype of Th. paronychioides; FI, iso-epitype).

Thymus spinulosus Ten.

ITALY: Puglia: Valle Pezzente (tra S. Giovanni Rotondo e Cagnano Varano) (UTM 5683E 46246 N), pascolo roccioso (calcari), 570 m, 28 Jun 2009, R.P. Wagensommer (Herb. Wagensommer); Le Serre (Deliceto), 45627–45633 NE (UTM ED50), stipeto a Stipa austroitalica, 620–850 m, 26/05/2011, F. Bartolucci, F. Conti (APP, 2 sheets); versante sud di Monte Tre Titoli (Accadia), 45584-45589NE (UTM ED50), pascoli, 750–930 m, 27/05/2011, F. Bartolucci, F. Conti (APP, 11 sheets); – Calabria: Massiccio del Pollino, lungo la SS 19 nei pressi di Morano Calabro (Cosenza), 595415, 4411809, ED50 33S, pascoli aridi su calcare, 732 m, 8 Jun 2008, F. Bartolucci (APP, 12 sheets); Muraglione Cassano Jonio (Cosenza), 590 m, 15 May 1993, A. Capparelli, L. Bernardo (CLU); Massiccio del Pollino, ca. 9 km NNW of Castrovillari, Vallone Colloreto (Castrovillari, Cosenza), 900–1,000, 17 Jun 1997, Partecipanti VIII Iter Mediterraneum (CLU); Dirupata di Morano Calabro (Cosenza), 722 m, 29 May 1994, P. Calvosa (CLU); settore orientale del Massiccio del Pollino, lungo la strada che da Cerchiara porta a Monte Sparviere presso Pantano della Madonna (Cerchiaria di Calabria, Cosenza), flysh argillitico-calcareo a contatto con roccia calcarea, 1,200 m, 2 Jul 1994, L. Bernardo (CLU); – Sicily: base di Monte Quacella (ED50 33S 413202 4190744), pendii rupestri, 1,366 m, 4 Jun 2010, F. Bartolucci, F. Conti, N. Ranalli (APP); in aridis calcareis montosis elatis Modonie serre di Quacedda, Jul 1877, M. Lojacono Pojero (G, PR); Monte Acuto (Cesarò), 15 Jun 2004, R. Galesi (CAT); supram Bronte versus Silvam Bosco di Maletto, 3 Jul 1874, P. Strobl (PR, FI); Madonie, Piano della Canna, 5 Jul 1904, Cavara (FI); in asperis Montium Nebrodensium (alla Pietà presso Polizzi), 24 Jun 1840, Heldreich / Madonie sopra Polizzi Sicilia, s.d., Parlatore / […], s.d., Minà (FI); in aridis calcareis Marianopoli, VI, M. Lojacono Pojero (FI).

Thymus striatus Vahl

ITALY: Tuscany: copiosus in rupibus et saxis ophiolithicis montis Ferrato prope Prato, alt. 100–200 m, 11 Jun 1910 e 11 Jun 1911, R. Pampanini, A. Fiori (FI, 3 sheets); Montaione, in rupestribus et silvaticis prope pagum Montignoso, in rupestribus et silvaticis, solo ophiolitico (gabbro), 17 Jun 1911, R. Pampanini (FI); Monte Vaso (Santa Luce, Pisa), gariga su serpentino, 580 m, 23 May 2009, F. Bartolucci (APP); Monte Ferrato (Prato, Firenze), radura boschiva su serpentino, 204 m, 20 May 2009, F. Bartolucci (APP); M. Ferrato (Prato), 1 May 1934, U. Losacco (FI); Monte Ferrato presso Prato, 1 Jun 1866, s.coll. (FI); Impruneta ai Sassi Neri, suolo serpentinoso, 315 m, 4 Jun 1911, A. Fiori (FI); in rupibus ophiolithicis prope pagum Impruneta ad merid. Florentia, 12 Jun 1973, E. Levier (FI); – Lazio: Punta dell’Uccettu (Borgorose, Rieti), rupi, 1,972 m, 8 Jun 2009, F. Bartolucci (APP, 4 sheets); Montagna della Duchessa: M. Morrone vers. SW (Borgorose, Rieti), pascoli sassosi, su calcare, 2,000 m, 15 Jul 2008, F. Bartolucci (APP, 5 sheets); M. Duchessa presso Cartore (Borgorose, Rieti), pascoli aridi, 1,000 m, 5 Jun 2007, F. Bartolucci (APP); – Abruzzo: M. Breccioso (UTM-ED50 33 T 379516 4636948), pascoli aridi, 1,587 m, Jun 2010, F. Bartolucci, N. Ranalli (APP, 5 sheets); lungo la strada tra Barisciano e S. Colombo (Barisciano, L’Aquila), pendii rupestri, 1,000 m, 4 Jun 2004, F. Bartolucci (APP, 3 sheets); ibidem, 16 Jun 2004, F. Bartolucci (APP); nei pressi di Fossa Raganesca (Ocre, L’Aquila), pascoli aridi, 830 m, 5 Jun 2007, F. Bartolucci (APP, 5 sheets); al Conveto di S. Spirito d’Ocre (L’Aquila), pascoli aridi, 700 m, 17 May 2006, F. Bartolucci (APP, 6 sheets); nei pressi di Terranera (L’Aquila), rupi, 1,250 m, Jun 2010, F. Bartolucci (APP, 3 sheets); loc. Costa Macere, tra Poggio Picenze e Barisciano (Barisciano, L’Aquila), pascoli aridi, 1,000 m, 17 May 2006, F. Bartolucci (APP, 6 sheets); S. Colombo (Barisciano, L’Aquila), pascoli aridi, 1,100 m, 28 Jun 2005, F. Bartolucci (APP); – Campania: M. S. Angelo di Castellammare (Salerno), s. calc., Jul 1911, M. Guadagno (FI, 3 sheets); M. S. Angelo di Castellammare in cacumine (Salerno), c. 4900′, 26 Jun 1883, C. Lacaita (FI); M. S. Angelo a Tre Pizzi (Costiera Amalfitana) (Castellammare di Stabia, Salerno), pascoli, 1,453 m, 21 Jun 2008, L. Cancellieri, G. Salerno (APP, 7 sheets); M. Faito di Castellammare, nei pressi del Convento di S. Michele (Castellammare di Stabia, Salerno), pascoli, 1,200 m, 3 Jun 2008, F. Bartolucci, M. Iocchi (APP, 15 sheets); in Monte S. Angelo prope Castellamare, solo calcareo, 1 Jul 1873, P.G. Strobl (WU, lectotype of Th. neapolitanus); S. Maria a Castello (Vico Equense, Salerno), s. calc., 700 m, 25 May 1913, M. Guadagno (FI); S. Angelo a Castellammare (Salerno), s.d., s.coll. (FI); CROATIA: In clivis. Montis Kiesovo, Jul 1881, Pichler (PAL); Postak […], s.d., I. Horvat (ZA); in Monte Crnopac (Velebit), 31 Jul 1896, L. Rossi (ZA); in monte Sladovaca […], 25 Jul 1909, L. Rossi (ZA); Alp. Badany, Debelo Berdo, s.d., Kitaibel (PR, Lectotype of Th. acicularis); in aridis fur m. Rumia, 11 Jul 1891, A. Baldacci (FI); Auf den Mt. Prologh bei […], Jul 1870, Visiani (FI); in apricis saxosis montis Biokovo, s.d., Pichler (FI, ZA); loc. rupestribus supra Cattaro in confinibus Montenegro, Jul 1885, Pichler (PAL); MONTENEGRO: Cetinje (Jugoslavia, Montenegro), in clivibus carsticis silvaticis in monte Lovćen supra viam publicam, situ meridionale, 1,350–1,400 m.s.m., 4 Jul 1977, Černoch 31664 (FI); ALBANIA: Cèpa Riskasit infra […], in saxosis, 20 Jul 1897, A. Baldacci (FI); ad Tijepsi […], in saxosis, 3 Jul 1898, A. Baldacci (FI); BULGARIA: Bulgaria australis, promontorius Rhodope, inter urb. Plovdiv et Pazardzhik, solo silicioso (semper!), in […] 250–400 m, 20 Jun 1973, S. Staner (H, 5 sheets).

Appendix 2 Source of living plant material investigated in the present study (locality, date, collectors and accession numbers). Voucher specimens are kept in APP

Thymus paronychioides Čelak.

ITALY: Sicily: salendo verso la vetta di Rocca Busambra (Palermo) (ED50 33S 360268 4190974), pascoli aridi, 1,395 m, 5 Jun 2010, F. Bartolucci, F. Conti, N. Ranalli (cult. Hort Bot CRFA, acc. n. 462/10).

Thymus striatus Vahl

ITALY: Tuscany: Monte Ferrato (Prato, Firenze), radura boschiva su serpentino, 204 m, 20 May 2009, F. Bartolucci (cult. Hort. Bot. University of Pisa, acc. n. 430/09; cult. Hort. Bot. CRFA, acc. n. 430/09, locus classicus of Th. ophioliticus); – Abruzzo: Pizzoli (L’Aquila), pascoli aridi, Mar 2007, F. Bartolucci (cult. Hort. Bot. University of Pisa, acc. n. 287/07).

Thymus spinulosus Ten.

ITALY: Puglia: nei pressi di San Marco in Lamis (San Marco in Lamis, Foggia) (ED50 33 T 551525, 4618919), pascoli aridi su terra rossa, 507 m, 9 Jul 2007, F. Bartolucci (cult. Hort. Bot. CRFA, acc. n. 307/07); – Sicily: base di Monte Quacella (ED50 33S 413202 4190744), pendii rupestri, 1,366 m, 4 Jun 2010, F. Bartolucci, F. Conti, N. Ranalli (cult. Hort. Bot. CRFA, acc. n. 461/10).

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Bartolucci, F., Peruzzi, L. Thymus paronychioides (Lamiaceae), a Neglected Species from Sicily Belonging to Thymus sect. Hypodromi . Folia Geobot 49, 83–106 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-013-9156-2

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