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Anatomical and karyotypic comparison of induced tetraploid of Oryza sativa var Latisail with the allotetraploid halophytic wild rice Oryza coarctata

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Abstract

The allotetraploid wild rice, Oryza coarctata grows in sea water and is the only halophyte which sets rice-like grains. It is a unique genetic resource for introducing salt tolerance into elite rice cultivars of Oryza sativa. Hybridization between these two remains unsuccessful. Our aim was to induce tetraploidization in the traditional Latisail cultivar of rice and compare its anatomical features to O. coarctata. Colchicine was used on the apical shoot tips of germinating seeds to produce the induced autotetraploid of Oryza sativa. Detailed anatomical comparisons of the leaves, stems, roots and chromosomes of the diploid and induced tetraploid of the Latisail variant of O. sativa and wild O. coarctata were carried out. Chromosomes of the induced tetraploid of O. sativa were shorter than diploid O. sativa, but longer than the 48 chromosomes in O. coarctata. The anatomical features of the induced tetraploid, like the number and size of bundle sheath cells, vascular bundle sizes and cuticle sizes were closer to that of the perennial allotetraploid, O. coarctata. It had more than twice the number of bulliform cells compared to the diploid and the number was similar to those found in O. coarctata. Crosses between the induced tetraploid and O. coarctata produced fertile offspring resembling O. sativa with evidence of small introgressions from O. coarctata pollens. The induced tetraploid of the Latisail variant of O. sativa and its progeny with O. coarctata are valuable plant genetic resources and  may help introduce the vigorous halophytic traits of O. coarctata into commercial rice.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Drs. Rod Wing, Alice Fornasiero and João Dourado Santos from The University of Arizona and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) for sharing their annotated reference genome for O. coarctata and in helping to characterize the hybrid plants. We are also grateful to Dr. M.A. Samad for technical help in producing the induced rice tetraploid. We also acknowledge the Bangladesh Climate Change Trust (BCCT) for their financial and executive support.

Funding

This research work was funded and supported by the Bangladesh Climate Change Trust (BCCT) fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Masnun H. Maisha & Rakha Hari Sarkar

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Tasmia Islam, Md Nafis Ul Alam, Umme Habiba, Tomalika Azim & Zeba Islam Seraj

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Tasmia Islam

  4. Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Ahasana Habiba Eva & Kazi Nahida Begum

  5. Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Md Nafis Ul Alam

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  1. Masnun H. Maisha
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Correspondence to Zeba Islam Seraj.

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The authors consciously assure that this manuscript is the authors' own original work, which has not been previously published and is not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. The paper truthfully represents the results and properly credits the meaningful contributions of co-authors. The seeds for O. sativa var Latisail were sourced from the genetic resources division of the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Oryza coarctata and subsequent progeny were from the authors’ in-house collections. All national and regulatory guidelines had been properly followed while conducting the research.

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Maisha, M.H., Islam, T., Eva, A.H. et al. Anatomical and karyotypic comparison of induced tetraploid of Oryza sativa var Latisail with the allotetraploid halophytic wild rice Oryza coarctata. Genet Resour Crop Evol 70, 1419–1437 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-022-01511-6

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