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Out of the mud: two new species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from the Doce and Jequitinhonha River basins, Brazil

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Abstract

In 2015, Brazil faced the worst environmental disaster in its history, when the collapse of an iron ore dam dumped millions of tons of tailings into the Doce River. In this paper, we describe two Hippeastrum species native to localities directly involved in the tragedy. The dam was located in the foothills of Serra do Caraça, a mountain range in the state of Minas Gerais, from where we describe the endemic H. carassense; H. velloziflorum was first found on an inselberg located on the banks of the Doce River, in the neighboring state of Espírito Santo. Comments on their distribution, ecology, and phenology are provided, as well as comparisons with the most similar taxa. The conservation status of the two new species is preliminarily assessed, and both are considered threatened with extinction. We also compared their leaf anatomy and micromorphology with related species of Amaryllidaceae. Based on nrDNA ITS, we infer the phylogenetic position of H. velloziflorum, a taxon with several unique morphological characters for Hippeastrum, as the first branch in subgenus Hippeastrum. The placement of H. velloziflorum in Hippeastrum is also supported by anatomical and cytological data. The somatic chromosome number was 2n = 22, and the karyotype formula was 2n = 8m + 12sm + 2st chromosome pairs. An identification key to the species of Hippeastrum occurring in the Doce and Jequitinhonha River basins is presented.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Marcelo Vasconcelos for authorizing the use of the photograph (Fig. 7b) and information about Hippeastrum carassense; Gustavo H. Shimizu and Luiz Menini-Neto for the images of H. velloziflorum (Fig. 10g and 10i, respectively); Edimar Lopes, Gilberto Bellozi, and Patrícia Messias for assistance with the images; Carlos Eduardo G. R. Schaefer for his useful environmental analysis of soil; Mauro Peixoto and Suzana Martins for their support on several occasions; Ricardo Goffi for his comments on the draft of the manuscript; the curators of the herbaria BHCB, CEPEC, and MBML for the availability of the type specimens; Kyoko Nakamura (USDA-ARS, Miami, FL) for the DNA sequencing and Klei Sousa for the line drawings. The financial support of this work by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) is gratefully acknowledged; JLSM thanks CNPq for productivity grants (303664/2020-7).

Funding

This study was funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil

    Antonio Campos-Rocha & Raquel M. Machado

  2. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA

    Alan W. Meerow

  3. Montgomery Botanical Center, P.O. Box 874501, Coral Gables, FL, 33156, USA

    Alan W. Meerow

  4. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil

    Juliana L. S. Mayer & Julie H. A. Dutilh

  5. Amplo Engenharia e Gestão de Projetos, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30240-270, Brazil

    Rubens C. da Mota

  6. Núcleo de Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental/NEMA, Campus de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, 56300-990, Brazil

    André P. Fontana

  7. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil

    Otávio B. C. Ribeiro

  8. Herbario EIF & Laboratorio de Sistemática y Evolución de Plantas, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Nicolás B. García

Authors
  1. Antonio Campos-Rocha
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  2. Alan W. Meerow
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  3. Raquel M. Machado
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  4. Juliana L. S. Mayer
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  5. Rubens C. da Mota
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  6. André P. Fontana
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  7. Otávio B. C. Ribeiro
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  8. Nicolás B. García
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  9. Julie H. A. Dutilh
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. ACR, APF, JHAD, OBCR, and RCM did the field work. ACR, AWM, and RCM performed most of the morphological comparative studies. The first draft of the manuscript was written by ACR, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. ACR, AWM, and RMM prepared figures and tables. ACR and JLSM made all the anatomical investigation and discussion. RMM performed the experiments and chromosome analysis; JHAD and RMM discussed the data. AWM and NBG collected the DNA sequences and ran the phylogenetic analyses; AWM and ACR discussed the data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Antonio Campos-Rocha.

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Conflicts of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Availability of data

The DNA sequences generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the GenBank database.

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Handling editor: Mauricio Bonifacino.

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Supplementary Information

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Supplementary file1 (TXT 31 KB)

Information on Electronic Supplementary Material

Information on Electronic Supplementary Material

Online Resource 1. Alignment of ITS sequences used in this paper. The alignment is in fasta format.

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Campos-Rocha, A., Meerow, A.W., Machado, R.M. et al. Out of the mud: two new species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from the Doce and Jequitinhonha River basins, Brazil. Plant Syst Evol 308, 22 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-022-01805-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-022-01805-3

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