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Karyological studies of Iranian Allium L. (Amaryllidaceae) species with focus on sect. Acanthoprason. 1. Mitotic chromosomes

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Abstract

Eighteen species and subspecies (34 accessions) of Allium sect. Acanthoprason and 11 species (17 accessions) belonging to other subgenera and sections of Allium were karyologically investigated and include first reports for 12 species. The examined plants of 47 accessions were diploid, three accessions of two species were tetraploid, and in the A. bisotunense accession, we found a mix of di- and triploid individuals. B chromosomes were found in 10 accessions. A basic chromosome number of x = 8 was confirmed for all investigated members of subg. Melanocrommyum and subg. Allium, and x = 9 for Allium tripedale of subg. Nectaroscordum. Idiograms were drawn for each accession, and metaphase images are presented illustrating observed chromosomal variations. Also, karyotype features and asymmetry parameters were calculated for all accessions. Chromosomal aberrations, e.g. aneuploid cells or loss of whole or parts of chromosome arms, were rarely observed. In general, the karyotypes showed low variation in inter- and intrachromosomal asymmetry especially inside of the taxonomic groups, though satellited chromosomes were good markers for subgenera and even specific for two studied sections of subg. Allium. Six different types of satellites were recognized, two of them were newly described: Type P was prevalent in subg. Melanocrommyum, and type O in sect. Codonoprasum. Statistical analyses were performed on five karyological parameters to test correct relationships and also to test previous grouping hypotheses. Although our data confirm distinct karyological characters for the subgenera investigated, the remarkable morphological diversity inside of subg. Melanocrommyum is not mirrored by striking karyological differences.

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Acknowledgements

This paper presents data from the first author’s (A. D.) PhD thesis fulfilled at Iranian biological resources center (IBRC). This organization is gratefully acknowledged for financial support. We would like to express our special thanks to Dr. H. Moazzeni and Mr. H. Ramezani for their valuable help during collecting missions. The latter mentioned person is also thanked for valuable guidance how to cultivate and root bulbs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran

    Alireza Dolatyari & Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, PO Box 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran

    Alireza Dolatyari & Shahryar Saeidi Mehrvarz

  3. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli

  4. Department of Agronomy& Plant Breeding, Agricultural College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Naghavi

  5. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany

    Reinhard M. Fritsch

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  1. Alireza Dolatyari
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Handling editor: Hanna Schneeweiss.

Information on Electronic Supplementary Material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. These tables include mean and standard deviation of short and long chromosome arms, satellite fragments and centromeric indices of all studied accessions. All idiograms are based on these data.

Online Resource 1a–e.

Arm lengths [in µm] with standard deviations (in the vertical sequence of satellites, short arms, long arms and centromere indices) in diploid members of sect. Acanthoprason (PDF 944 kb)

Online Resource 2.

Arm lengths [in µm] with standard deviations (in the vertical sequence of satellites, short arms, long arms and centromere indices) in members of sect. Acanthoprason and sect. Melanocrommyum with more than 20 chromosomes (PDF 390 kb)

Online Resource 3.

Arm lengths [in µm] with standard deviations (in the vertical sequence of satellites, short arms, long arms and centromere indices) in diploid members of other sections of subg. Melanocrommyum and in A. tripedale, subg. Nectaroscordum (PDF 438 kb)

Online Resource 4.

Arm lengths [in µm] with standard deviations (in the vertical sequence of satellites, short arms, long arms and centromere indices) in diploid members of subg. Allium sect. Allium (PDF 425 kb)

Online Resource 5.

Arm lengths [in µm] with standard deviations (in the vertical sequence of satellites, short arms, long arms and centromere indices) in A. pseudoampeloprasum, sect. Allium (PDF 310 kb)

Online Resource 6.

Arm lengths [in µm] with standard deviations (in the vertical sequence of satellites, short arms, long arms and centromere indices) in A. stamineum, sect. Codonoprasum (PDF 361 kb)

Information on Electronic Supplementary Material

Information on Electronic Supplementary Material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. These tables include mean and standard deviation of short and long chromosome arms, satellite fragments and centromeric indices of all studied accessions. All idiograms are based on these data.

Online Resource 1a–e. Arm lengths [in µm] with standard deviations (in the vertical sequence of satellites, short arms, long arms and centromere indices) in diploid members of sect. Acanthoprason.

Online Resource 2. Arm lengths [in µm] with standard deviations (in the vertical sequence of satellites, short arms, long arms and centromere indices) in members of sect. Acanthoprason and sect. Melanocrommyum with more than 20 chromosomes.

Online Resource 3. Arm lengths [in µm] with standard deviations (in the vertical sequence of satellites, short arms, long arms and centromere indices) in diploid members of other sections of subg. Melanocrommyum and in A. tripedale, subg. Nectaroscordum.

Online Resource 4. Arm lengths [in µm] with standard deviations (in the vertical sequence of satellites, short arms, long arms and centromere indices) in diploid members of subg. Allium sect. Allium.

Online Resource 5. Arm lengths [in µm] with standard deviations (in the vertical sequence of satellites, short arms, long arms and centromere indices) in A. pseudoampeloprasum, sect. Allium.

Online Resource 6. Arm lengths [in µm] with standard deviations (in the vertical sequence of satellites, short arms, long arms and centromere indices) in A. stamineum, sect. Codonoprasum.

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Dolatyari, A., Saeidi Mehrvarz, S., Shahzadeh Fazeli, S.A. et al. Karyological studies of Iranian Allium L. (Amaryllidaceae) species with focus on sect. Acanthoprason. 1. Mitotic chromosomes. Plant Syst Evol 304, 583–606 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1489-5

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