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Descriptions and phylogenetic relationships of four new species and a new name of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from the cerrado and campos rupestres of Brazil

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Abstract

Four new orchid species and one variety from the cerrado and campos rupestres of central and south-eastern Brazil are described and illustrated: Habenaria brachydactyla, H. irwiniana, H. minuta, H. pansarinii, and H. pansarinii var. minuscula. Habenaria campylogyna is proposed as a new name for the illegitimate H. humilis Cogniaux. The five species differ from other Neotropical taxa by being small, slender plants with linear leaves concentrated at the base of the stem. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences revealed that they are not closely related, and do not belong to any of the previously identified Neotropical subclades. All of the new taxa were recovered in isolated positions, branching from basal nodes of larger subclades, suggesting that these morphological characters represent plesiomorphic traits in the Neotropical clade. Habenaria brachydactyla is genetically distinct and represents an early lineage of the Neotropical Habenaria clade. All taxa are considered threatened because of their small numbers of populations with few individuals and/or restricted distributions. Detailed descriptions, photographs, illustrations, notes, and a key to the species are presented.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the curators and staff of the AMES, BHCB, BHZB, CEN, ESA, G, HB, HBG, HEPH, HUEFS, IAN, K, M, MBM, NY, OUPR, P, R, RB, RENZ, S, SP, SPF, UB, UEC, and UFG herbaria for the loans of material, images, or for providing access to their collections; Instituto Estadual de Florestas de Minas Gerais (IEF MG) and Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) for the scientific collection permits; Maria Helena Burian for the line drawings; Roy Funch for revising the English of the manuscript; two anonymous reviewers and handling editor Ricarda Riina for helpful comments and corrections that improved the manuscript; Fundação Grupo Boticário de Proteção à Natureza, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for financial support. JANB also acknowledge a scholarship received from CNPq (Pq-2).

Funding

This study was funded by Fundação Grupo Boticário de Proteção à Natureza (Grant Number 0702_2006-1), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais—FAPEMIG (Grant Number CRA APQ-4871-5.02/07)—and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq (Grant Number 484564/2006-4).

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  1. Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, C.P. 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-910, Brazil

    João A. N. Batista & Karina Proite

  2. Parque Estação Biológica, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Final Av. W5 Norte, C.P. 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil

    Luciano de Bem Bianchetti

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  1. João A. N. Batista
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  2. Karina Proite
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Correspondence to João A. N. Batista.

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João A. N. Batista is a employee of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais and Luciano B. Bianchetti is a employee of Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária.

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Handling editor: Ricarda Riina.

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Batista, J.A.N., Proite, K. & de Bem Bianchetti, L. Descriptions and phylogenetic relationships of four new species and a new name of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from the cerrado and campos rupestres of Brazil. Plant Syst Evol 303, 873–899 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1415-x

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