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Kanapia (Vanguerieae): a new endemic genus of Philippine Rubiaceae

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Abstract

Recent phylogenetic studies in the Vanguerieae adopted a narrow circumscription for Canthium characterized by the presence of supraaxillary spines. For a continuing project in Philippine Rubiaceae, an important focus was to resolve the disposition of spineless Philippine Canthium. In a collecting trip to key forested sites in the Philippines, two endemic Canthium species were collected: C. monstrosum and C. wenzelii. The absence of spines hinted at a deviation from Canthium sensu stricto (s.s.) and thus raised questions on their generic affiliation. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined ITS-trnL-F data sets showed a well-supported clade of Vanguerieae (PP = 1.00; BS = 100 %). The two endemic Canthium species seemed to have close affinity with Keetia (PP = 0.79; BS = 69 %), within a supported clade (PP = 0.99; BS = 80 %) containing Afrocanthium. Although the C. monstrosum–C. wenzelii-Keetia clade showed low BS support, it appears that morphological attributes shared by these taxa support this relationship. However, the Philippine endemics are morphologically distinct from Keetia by having a shorter calyx limb than the calyx tube, strictly pentamerous corolla, style ± same length with the corolla tube, wider than long stylar knob, glabrous disc, ellipsoid fruit and several features of pyrene such as strictly woody, an angular ventral side, presence of a longitudinal slit within the crest and the absence of a defined lid. To maintain homogeneity, taxonomic stability and distinct geographical distributions we proposed a new Philippine endemic genus Kanapia.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the following herbaria for providing access to collections: L, P, PNH, and USTH. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions. The authors thank Dr. Arnaud Mouly for his insights and suggestions; we thank the Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University Santo Tomas for the utilization of facilities for molecular work. This project was funded by Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Thesis grant and CHED-PHERNet to AHA and GJDA, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the East, 2219 C.M. Recto Ave, Manila, Philippines

    Axel H. Arriola

  2. The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España, 1015, Manila, Philippines

    Axel H. Arriola, Lyn D. Paraguison & Grecebio J. D. Alejandro

  3. College of Science, Adamson University, 900 San Marcelino St., Ermita, Manila, Philippines

    Lyn D. Paraguison

  4. College of Science and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España, 1015, Manila, Philippines

    Grecebio J. D. Alejandro

Authors
  1. Axel H. Arriola
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  2. Lyn D. Paraguison
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  3. Grecebio J. D. Alejandro
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Correspondence to Axel H. Arriola.

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Handling editor: Louis P. Ronse De Craene.

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Supplementary material 2 (TXT 49 kb)

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Online Resource 1. Alignment of ITS sequences.

Online Resource 2. Alignment of trnL-F region.

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Arriola, A.H., Paraguison, L.D. & Alejandro, G.J.D. Kanapia (Vanguerieae): a new endemic genus of Philippine Rubiaceae. Plant Syst Evol 302, 911–920 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1307-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1307-5

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