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Paspalum schesslii (Poaceae, Paspaleae), a new species from Mato Grosso (Brazil) with an unusual base chromosome number

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Abstract

Paspalum schesslii, a new species from the state of Mato Grosso in central-western Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is related to P. malmeanum, from central-western Brazil and eastern Bolivia, and Paspalum eucomum, from central Brazil. It comprises shorter plants with leaf blades and racemes shorter than those of the related species, and spikelets having obovate, deciduous upper florets. An unexpected chromosome number 2n = 12 was found in specimens of P. schesslii; thus it differs from both P. malmeanum, which has 2n = 20, and P. eucomum, for which 2n = 30 and 2n = 32 chromosome counts are here reported for the first time. The discovery of a new species having 2n = 12, which often cohabits with diploid populations of the widespread related species, P. stellatum, is consistent with an hypothesis about the hybrid origin of the polyploid cytotypes of P. stellatum having 2n = 32 and 2n = 52 chromosomes. Moreover, such an hybrid origin involving parental species with different base chromosome numbers (x = 6 and x = 10) could also explain the occurrence of 32 chromosomes in P. eucomum, potentially documenting a speciation mechanism that is otherwise unknown in the genus.

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Acknowledgments

We are indebted to Anádria S. da Silva, Regina C. de Oliveira, and José F. M. Valls for field support in Brazil; Daniel Villarroel Segarra for kindly making available to us specimens from USZ; Arne Anderberg (S) for sending us some spikelets from one isotype of P. malmeanum; Susana Perelman for statistic support; Gabriela Zarlavsky, Liliana Fabbri, and Sandra Aliscioni for helpful advice in leaf anatomy procedures; the curators of BAA, CEN, MO, SI, UB, and US for making specimens available and/or providing herbarium facilities. This research was supported by grants BR/10RED/03 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva—MINCYT, Argentina, and Coordenacão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—CAPES, Brazil), UBACYT 20020090100194 (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina), PICT 2011–2061 and PICT Bicentenario 1297 (Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, ANPCyT, Argentina). GHR and AIH are members of the ‘‘Carrera del Investigador,’’ CONICET, Argentina.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cátedra de Botánica Sistemática, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Marisa G. Bonasora & Gabriel H. Rua

  2. EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Final W-5 Norte, Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil

    Marisa T. Pozzobon

  3. Programa de Estudios Florísticos y Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Biología Subtropical, UNaM-CONICET, Rivadavia 2370, N3300LDX, Posadas, Argentina

    Ana I. Honfi

Authors
  1. Marisa G. Bonasora
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  2. Marisa T. Pozzobon
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  3. Ana I. Honfi
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  4. Gabriel H. Rua
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Correspondence to Marisa G. Bonasora.

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Bonasora, M.G., Pozzobon, M.T., Honfi, A.I. et al. Paspalum schesslii (Poaceae, Paspaleae), a new species from Mato Grosso (Brazil) with an unusual base chromosome number. Plant Syst Evol 301, 2325–2339 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-015-1231-0

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