Figure 1.
Photographs of Setaria grains.
1 = Z668, 2 = Z335, 3 = Z399, 4 = Z557, 5 = Z280, 6 = Z169, 7 = Z737, 8 = Z734, 9 = W28, 10 = Qing24, 11 = Qing68, 12 = Qing44, 13 = Qing46, 14 = Qing28, 15 = Qing7-1, 16 = Qing59.
Table 1.
Information on the plants studied.
Figure 2.
Illustrations of spikelet and grain of millets with botanical terms.
After reference [47].
Figure 3.
Comparison of phytolith morphology in the lower lemmas and glumes from foxtail millet and green foxtail.
(A) Cross-shaped phytolith from foxtail millet, after reference [47], (B) Cross-shaped phytolith from green foxtail.
Figure 4.
Comparison of undulated patterns of silicified epidermal long cells in different parts of the upper lemmas and paleas from foxtail millet and green foxtail.
Figure 5.
Parameters of undulated patterns of silicified epidermal long cells from foxtail millet and green foxtail.
Table 2.
The result of non-parametric test for W1, W2, and H of undulated patterns of epidermal long cells from foxtail millet and green foxtail.
Figure 6.
Comparison of W1-3, W2-3, and H-3 of undulating patterns of epidermal long cell from all S. italica and S. viridis based on Box Plot.
9 species for S. italica (872 data) and 7 species for S. viridis (607 data).
Table 3.
Structure matrix and canonical discriminant function coefficients.
Table 4.
Classification results of discriminant analysis for ΩIII type phytolith.
Figure 7.
Bivariate biplot of W1-3 and W2-3 values of measurements from epidermal long cells of foxtail millet and green foxtail.
W1-3 = width of undulated patterns of epidermal long cells of ΩIII; W2-3 = width of epidermal long cells of ΩIII. Error bar = SD.
Figure 8.
Papillae distribution on surfaces of the upper lemmas from foxtail millet and green foxtail.
Figure 9.
Comparison of undulated patterns of epidermal long cells for foxtail millets from China, East Europe and France.
WX(X = 1, 2)-Y: W1 = width of undulated patterns of epidermal long cells; W2 = width of epidermal long cells; Y = 1, 2, 3 = ΩI, ΩII and ΩIII. N = the total number of data. Error bar = SD.