Hoyafoliage guida by jeanclode Dufour

Hoya Foliage A

Pictorial guide Foliage of Hoya Species By Dale Kloppenburg & Dr. Monina Siar

Hoya foliage, their leaves

oya leaves are highly variable in size, shape, thickness, texture and venation. They may be glabrous or hairy. The leaf is made up of a petiole and a blade (see labeling on previous page). The blade may have hairs on both surfaces or on only one surface. These hairs are simple or uniseriate. They are thin-walled, very fine, and usually white and vary in length and dispersion. The texture varies from thin e.g. Hoya microphylla, to very thick and succulent e.g. Hoya australis ssp. rupicola, depending on the species and also its habitat. There is usually one or a group of nectariferous glands at the junction of the petiole with the leaf blade. The leaf surface is covered with a relatively thick wax layer (cuticle) above the single celled epidermis. Below the epidermal layer are palisade cells and below this the spongy parenchyma, throughout which is the scattered vein system. Below then the lower epidermis. In Hoya species the mesophyll varies from undifferentiated to strongly differentiated. There is usually a lot of sclerenchymatous mesophyll fibers, like a mat of tangled spider webs. This later also varies in its presence and thickness among the different species. It should be mentioned that leaf size shape are the most variable structure of a hoya plant due to environmental factors of light, nutrition, genetics and other factors even in the wild and more so under domestication. Leaves of hoya may have various distinctive markings on the upper leaf surface. This can be spotting, streaks and blotching. This arises from irregular concentrations of chromoplasts (colored cell inclusions) in cells immediately below the upper leaf surface. Veins give a very characteristic appearance to the leaves and is of two primary types: pinnate and palmate. In pinnate venation the veins branch off the midrib laterally along nearly the entire length. These veins (also referred to as nerves) may be at acute angles to the midrib or in some species perpendicular to the midrib. Most of these veins form loops along and near the margins. Extensive looping connections is termed anastomosing venation. Veins of this type can also be so extensive as to be netted. Veins that arise near the base of the blade in three, five or even seven (including the midrib) primary veins are termed palmate. There are variations as to the positioning of these paired veins off the midrib base, giving rise to many distinct types. The venation of hoya leaves is complex and make an interesting presentation. In this study we have tried to add the angle of the veins to the midrib, primarily the second vein pair from the leaf base. The angle is standard within a range of variability for each species. They do vary, however even within a single leaf and more so under different environments. The data should, however provide some significance in species determinations. Petioles arise from the stem at various angles and are usually slightly twisted. As mentioned before they may be circular but many are grooved on the surface toward the blade. Mostly the petioles are held at about a right angle to the stem. The blade normally then turns another 90ยบ. This creates a anchoring structure, so the vine can entrap itself in surrounding vegetation, thus is an aid in climbing to reach more favorable conditions.

Leaves may vary in size in species from smaller than a dime to more than 12” long and 8” wide. Even the leaves of one species may be variable. Leaves of wild plants are usually thicker and smaller then the same plant grown in cultivated more ideal conditions. A plants leaves in the wild may look nothing like the foliage that develops in a greenhouse. They not only will show a different size or thickness but even the shape may be drastically different.

GROWING HOYAS FROM LEAVES

n 1856, Dr. Attilo Tassi, Professor of Botany & Agriculture, Director of the I. & R. Botanical Garden of Lucca presented a paper to the Royal Academy of Lucca, Italy, regarding a seed pod that had matured on a 20 year old Hoya carnosa R. Br. plant. In his lecture he mentioned the methods of propagation for hoyas as being cuttings and from leaves "si moltiplica po per talea, o medianthe le foglie caldo e sotto compana come 1' Aloe, le Glxine, le Calanchoe ecc.". We could add to this that hoyas are also grown from seed. In the past many of us have stuck a leaf in some potting mix, it rooted readily, but then just sat there, not dying, but also never developing into a plant. Most hoya growers have given up on this method. There are, however reasons for developing this means of propagation since there are some very beautiful and exotic foliaged hoyas and leaves which are much easier to mail and transport. This is not a fool-proof method and further study should be conducted on why it succeeds sometimes and not others. A number of years back, Chanin Thorut of Thailand was kind enough to send me 10 leaves and associated flowers from a collecting trip he made into Southern Thailand. These were beautiful leaves, so after making measurements and photographing them, I placed each in its own 4" square dark green plastic pot full of potting mix. These were inserted at a 45° angle and the potting mix firmed up around the leaf peduncle, buried clear up to the leaf base. As usual they rooted quickly in the greenhouse (it was summertime). In the succeeding months 8 of these leaves developed shoots and are now beautiful vigorous healthy plants. Subsequent to this I received a number of exotic and beautiful leaves and flowers collected in Borneo by Ted Green of Kaaawa, Hawaii. I was also able to develop these into plants. The majority of these are Hoya finlaysonii type species along with a couple of Hoya ridleyi types. It seems to me that leaves from plants grown in the tropics will send up shoots much more readily than plants I grow here in Fresno, California, USA. I assume the vigor of the plant, the intensity or type of sunlight or nutrition it has received are factors. It is well established that plants used for tissue culture, form shoots more readily when the derived tissue is from outdoorsvigorous plants. There are some tricks we can use to enhance our success with leaf propagation. The petiole of the leaf calluses over and also produces a mass of roots. The trick is to get this callous to produce meristematic cells and develop shoots. The idea is to stimulate it either by mechanical or chemical means (providing it does not act spontaneously). Sometimes, you can raise the root mass slightly making small cuts into the petiole to mechanically irritate the tissue. This alone will provide the necessary stimulation.

Chemical stimulation is by means of hormones such as adenine sulfate, kinetin, 2-4 D, gibberelic acid, etc. Since I had a number of these chemicals left over from tissue culture work, I have tried all of the above. 2-4 D is a weed killer and needs to be used in an extremely weak solution-say a drop in a gallon of water (the actual upper limit is 3 parts per million (ppm). I use it with an eyedropper and let the solution run down the center of the leaf on to the root mass and petiole. Gibberelic acid, I have found, produces a weak spindly growth that is unsatisfactory. Lately, I have also used indole-3-buturic acid; only a small crystal in a glass of water and painted it on the leaf-base and petiole after they have rooted. I have not tried these on small or thin leaves. I have had mixed success with Hoya carnosa, pallida, kerrii, diversifolia and finlaysonii. I am sure the process is possible but needs further research. It is worth pursuing and perfecting.

Other aspects of the Hoya Plant

Leaf petiole, base of leaf blade, usually twisted, round and often grooved above.

Node (usually a pair of leaves arise here, however occasionally one will fall. Sometimes 2-3 pairs of leaves will appear to arise from a single node). Leaf blade. Internode (stem between nodes).

Leaf base, here obtuse (rounded). Leaf apex (tip), here acute. A typical section of a hoya stem (reduced).

Terms Associated With Hoya Leaves Not a complete coverage of terms

Forms and shapes

Definitions from Botanical Latin by W. T. Stern Apex blunt (obtuse)

Shape (oblanceolate) Wider toward the apex

Base (cuneate)

Obtuse…………(Blunt) terminating gradually in a rounded end. Oblanceolate…..reversed lanceolate. Cuneate………..wedge shaped. Apex (obtuse)

Shape (ovate)

Base (obtuse) Ovate…………broadest at the lower end. (egg like) Apex (acuminate)

Shape (elliptic-lanceolate)

Base (obtuse) Acuminate……Tapered point. Elliptic………...(oval) acute at both ends. Lanceolate……narrowly elliptic, tapering to each end.

Apex (acute).

Shape (elliptic)

Base (cordate) Acute………sharp pointed; without tapering in any degree. Cordate........having two rounded lobes at the base.

Shape (orbicular)

Orbicular…perfect circular.

Shape(suborbicular) or sub-rotund.

Sub…………nearly or almost. Rotund……..a little inclined to be oblong, broadest in the middle. Apex (apiculate)

Shape Elliptic-ovate.(oval)

Base sub-truncate to obtuse

Apiculate……terminating abruptly in a little point. Truncate…….as if cut off straight across.

Shape (linear) or (subulate) or (fasciculate)

Linear………narrow, line like. Subulate……linear, very narrow, tapering to a fine point. Fassciculate..narrow, very long.

Apex (truncate) Shape (cuneiform)

Truncate……terminating very abruptly. Cuneiform…...wedge shaped.

Edges (undulant)

Undulant…..wavy.

Shape (oblong)

Oblong……elliptic, obtuse at each end.

Nervation (veins) types.

Pinnately veined leaf. With nerves on opposite sides of the midrib.

A Palmately veined leaf. 3-5 nerves from the leaf base. Trinerved, Quinquinervis, Septinervis all defining the number of nerves arising from the leaf base. Hoya pottsii is a Trinerved example.

Another Palmate veined leaf. Many leaves that are palmate as the one above have cordate or obtuse bases but some like this one have narrow bases, nearly cuneate. This one is 3 palmate.

A Triplinerved species. With the two lateral nerves emerge from the midrib a little above its base. If Quintuplinerved (with 5 nerves) etc.

Triplinerved hoya species. Hoya samoensis, Hoya upoluensis and Hoya pycnophylla are all quintuplinerved species. Also Hoya aurantiaca and Hoya siarae.

Key Type Nerves: P.................pinnate T................triplinerved Pl...............palmate O...............obscure 5................quintuplinerved R................reticulate ┴...............perpendicular Shape: V................narrow linear thick O...............ovate C...............cordate E................elliptic Ob............obovate Oc.............obcordate Obl............oblong L................lanceolate

Apex/Base: Cu..............cuneate Ob.............obtuse Cd.............cordate Ap.............apiculate A...............acute Ac.............acuminate At..............attenuate

Ø...............glabrous P................pubescent

All measurements converted and presented in Centimeters, cm. Species Hoya acicularis Green & Klopp. 1992 Hoya acuminata Bentham ex Hook. 1883 Hoya acuta Haworth 1821 Hoya aeschynanthoides Schlechter 1908 Hoya africana Decaisne 1844 Hoya alagensis Kloppenburg 1990 Hoya alata K. Hill 1986 Hoya albiflora Zipp. ex Blume 1848 Hoya aldrichii Hemsley 1890 Hoya alexicaca Moon 1824 Hoya amboinensis Warburg 1907 Hoya ambyolepis Schlechter Hoya amoena Bakhuizen 1950 Hoya angustifolia Elmer ex Burton Hoya angustifolia Traill 1830 Hoya angustisepala Burton 1987 Hoya andalensis Kloppenburg 2005 Hoya anncajanoae Klopp. & Siar 2007 Hoya anulata Schlechter 1905 Hoya apiculata Scheffler 1876 Hoya apoda S. Moore 1916 Hoya apoensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2010 Hoya archboldiana C. Norman 1937

Type nerve

T P T P P P P P PL P

Apex/ base AA Ac O/A O/A Ob O/A Cd A Ob A ObAc Cd A Ob A ObOb Cu A CuOb CuOb Ob A Ob CuAc CuAc CdAp

P P

Cu Ac Cd A

P P/O T/P P P/R PL P T

Measurements cm. 3 x .66-.8 7.5-10 x 2.5-3.7 5-10 x 2.5 1.5-2.3 x 1-1.8

Shape terete Ø/P Obl P L/Ac OE O/Obl ØL 11 x 4.5-5 Ø O 3.7 x 2.5-5 ØO 10.6 -20 x 3.3-6.25 ØO 8-12 x 4-4.5 Ø 3.75-8.75 Ø Ob 6-7 x 2.5-5 Ø Ob Obl 8-11 x 3.5-4.4 ØV 3-12 x 0.5-2 ØL 10-15 x 1.25 Ø Obl 15 x 6 ØO 5 x 2.2 Ø LE 5-9 x 1.5-2.8 OObl 6-8 x 4-4.5 ØOrb 7.5 x 5

ØE Ø Obl

4.5-6 x 1.5-1.6 13 x 7

Hoya arnottiana Wight 1834 Hoya attenuata Christophersen 1934 Hoya aurantiaca Klopp. & Siar 2008 Hoya australis R. Br. 1830 Hoya aust. subsp. nathaleae 2010 Hoya bandaensis Schlechter 1908 Hoya bella Hooker 1848 Hoya benguetensis Schlechter 1906 Hoya benvergarai Klopp. & Siar 2007 Hoya betchei Schlter. ex Whistler 1913 Hoya bhutanica Grierson & Long 1979 Hoya bicarinata A. Gray 1861 Hoya bicknellii Kloppenburg 1999 Hoya bicolensis Kloppenburg 1994 Hoya bicolor Kloppenburg 2003 Hoya billardieri Decaisne 1844 Hoya bilobata Schlechter 1906 Hoya blashernaezii Kloppenburg 1999 Hoya blumeana Schlechter 1913 Hoya bonii Costantin 1912 Hoya bordenii Schlechter 1906 Hoya brevialata Kleijn &Donkelaar 2001 Hoya brittonii Kloppenburg 1992 Hoya brooksii Ridley 1925 Hoya browniana Koorders 1911 Hoya bruensis Miquel 1869 Hoya brunioniana Wight 1834 Hoya bulusanensis Elmer 1920 see H. panchoi Hoya burmanica Rolfe 1920 Hoya buotii Kloppenburg 2002 Hoya burtoniae Kloppenburg 1990 Hoya cagayanensis (Sch.ex Elmer) Burton1987 Hoya callistophylla Green 2000 Hoya calycina Schlechter 1908 Hoya campanulata Blume 1826 Hoya camphorifolia Warburg 1904 Hoya cardiophylla Merrill 1920 Hoya carnosa R. Brown 1802 Hoya caudata Hooker 1883 Hoya cebuensis Klopp. & Siar Hoya cembra Kloppenburg 1990 Hoya chinensis Traill 1830 H. carnosa Hoya chlorantha Rechinger 1908

P P 5 P P P P T 5 P TP P P T P

ObAc ObAt C- Ac Ob Ac C Ap ObAc ObAc ObAc ObAc ObAp Ob A O Ac CuAp ObAc O Ap CdAc ObOb CuA

Ø EL Ø EL

ObA ObAc Ob Cu Cu A CuAc OB A ObAc ObAc +O Ac ObAc OA Ob A

ØO Ø LObl Ø ObE Ø ØE Ø Obl Ø OE ØObl+O Ø Ob + O ØOL ØEL PO Ø OL

8-10 x 3.8-7 11-18 x 2.5-4.5 2-2.5 x 1.2-1.4 8x3 5x2 20 x 6-7.5

ØEL PO Ø OL Ø OE ØC ØOObl ØO ØOL ØE

10-20 x 6-10 16-20 x 9-12 13-17 x 2.5-7 6-9 x 2.5-3.5

CuAt CdAp ObAc obA CdAc ObAc O Ac ObA Ob A

CuAc

ØL

10 x 2

P T P T P P P T P P TP P P P P P P P T P P P

Ø Ob ØO Ob PO ØEO ØO Ø EO Ø EL Ø LE ØE PO ØO Ø OL Ø OCd ØO ØE OB Ø EL

7.5-20 5-8 x 1.7-2.8 7.5-13 x 3.0-5.0 2-8 6.5 x 3.6 10-12 x 5-7 2 6-10 x 2.5-4 9-13 x 2-3 6.9-9.5 x 1.8-2.3 9-15 x 3-4.5 9-12 x 0.6-0.8 7.8– 12.5 x 0.4

1.7-2.2 x 1.3-1.8

10-12.5 x 1.75 1.5 diam + 4.56.5 x 2.5-3.5 5-8 x 1.3-2 10 x 2.5 3 x 0.2 6.5-8.5 x 2.5-3

5-9.5 x 3-4 7.5-17 x 5-7.5 9x4 8-10 x 2-3

Hoya chlorantha var. tutuilensis 1935 Hoya chloroleuca Schlechter 1913 Hoya chunii P. T. Li. 1984 Hoya cinnamomifolia Hooker 1848 Hoya citrina Ridley 1922 Hoya clandestina Blume 1848 Hoya collettii Schlechter 1913 Hoya collina Schlechter 1913 Hoya cominsii Hemsley 1890 Hoya commutate Gilbert & Li 1995 Hoya compacta Burton 1990 Hoya cordata Li & Huang 1985 Hoya coriacea Blume 1826 Hoya coriacea Lindley 1839 H. multiflora Hoya costantinii P. T. Li 1984 Hoya crassicaulis Elm. ex Klopp. 1995 Hoya crassifolia Haworth 1811 Hoya crassifolia Ridley 1912 Hoya crassior Hochreutiner 1935 Hoya crassipes Turczaninow 1948 Hoya cumingiana Decaisne 1844 Hoya curtisii King & Gamble 1903 Hoya cystiantha Schlechter 1913 Hoya dalrympleana F. Muell 1861 Hoya darwinii Loher 1910 Hoya dasyantha Tsiang 1936 Hoya davidcummingii Klopp. 1995 Hoya dennisii Forster et D. Liddle 1993 Hoya densifolia Turczaninow 1848 Hoya dickasoniana P. T. Li. 1994 Hoya dictyoneura K. Schumann 1905 Hoya dimorpha F. M. Bailey 1898 Hoya diptera Seemann 1861 Hoya dischorensis Schlechter 1913 Hoya diversifolia Blume 1826 Hoya dodecatheiflora Fosberg 1940 Hoya dolichosparte Schlechter 1916 Hoya edanoi C. M. Burton 1991 Hoya edeni King ex Hooker 1883 Hoya eitapensis Schlechter 1909 Hoya elliptica Hooker 1883 Hoya elmeri Merrill 1929 Hoya el-nidicus Kloppenburg 1991 Hoya endauensis Kiew 1989

P P

OA Cu A

ØO Ø LE

13-24 x 6-8 6-8 x 2-2.3

PL PL P P P PlT

ObAc Ob A ObAc ObA CuOb CdA

ØO ØC Ø EObl Ø LObl Ø EO ØEO

12.5 x 6.2 10-11.2 x 7.5 12.5-20 7.5-11.3 3.5-5.5 x 1.8-2.7 10-11.3 x 6.3

P P P

Cd Ac Cd A ObAc

Ø Ø ØE-Ob

5.5-6 x 3 5-9 x 4.5-5 7.5-12.5

P P P P P P P P

ObA ObAC ObAc CuAt ObAc ObA OBA CuAc

ØE ØOb ØOb ØL Ø EOb PC ØO ØO-L

8-17 x 5-8 10 15 x 6.3 4-6 x 1-1.6 7-13 x 4.5-8.5

┴ P P P P 5 P P P P P 5 P P P P P P P 11

ObA ObA CuOb ObAc ObOb Cu-Ob Ob ObA ObAc ObA ObA ObOb CuAc Cu Ob CuAc CuA ObOb CuAc ObAp ObOb

ØEObl ØO Ø LE ØLO Ø OblE ØEO ØObl ØObl ØOE ØO ØOE ØEL Ø ØR ØObE ØEO ØE ØE ØO ØOCd

1.5 x 1.5 7.5-11.3 x 15-20 x 5-6 4-7.5 x 3-4.8 5-7.5 x 2-2.5 7.2 x 3.0 1.5-4 x 2-4 0.9-10 x 0.5-1 5-8.5 x 3.5-6 5-12.5 x 5 3.5-8 x 2-2.3 6.5-11.5 x 2.8-6.3 5-11.3 x 2.5-6.3 8 x 12 9-13.5 x 6.5-9 3-7 x 3-5 7.5-10 x 2.5-4.4 3-5 x 1.2-2 1.5-2.5 x 1-1.5 11-15 x 5- 6.5 8.5–10.3 x 5.1-6.8 2-2.5 x 2-2.5

Hoya engleriana Hosseus 1907 Hoya epedunculata Schlechter 1913 Hoya erythrina Rintz 1978 Hoya erythrostemma Kerr 1939 Hoya esculenta Tsiang 1936 Hoya excavata Teijsm. & Binn. 1863 Hoya exilis Schlechter 1913 Hoya fauensis Klopp. & Siar 2008 Hoya fetuana Kloppenburg 2003 Hoya filiformis Rechinger 1908 Hoya finlaysonii Wight 1834 Hoya fischeriana Warburg 1904 Hoya fitchii Klopp. & Siar Hoya flagellata Kerr 1940 Hoya flavescens Schlechter 1913 Hoya flavida Forster et D. Liddle 1993 Hoya forbesii King & Gamble 1903 Hoya formosana Yamazaki 1968 Hoya fraterna Blume 1849 Hoya fungii Merrill 1934 Hoya fusca Wallich 1831 Hoya fuscomarginata N. E. Brown 1910 Hoya gigantanganensis Klopp. 1992 Hoya gildingii Kloppenburg 2001 Hoya glabra Schlechter 1908 Hoya globiflora Ridley 1915 H. acuta Hoya globulifera Blume 1849 Hoya globulosa Hooker 1882 Hoya golamcoana Kloppenburg 1991 Hoya gonoloboides Regel 1883 Hoya gracilipes Schlechter 1905 Hoya gracilis Schlechter 1908 Hoya grandiflora Sprengel 1825 Hoya graveolens Kerr 1939 Hoya greenii Kloppenburg 1995 Hoya griffithii Decais.1883 H. acuminata Hoya griffithii Hooker 1883 Hoya gymnanthera Wight 1834 leafless Hoya hainanensis Merrill 1923 Hoya halconensis Kloppenburg 1990 Hoya halophila Schlechter 1913 Hoya hasseltii Miquel 1856 Hoya hellwigiana Warburg 1907 Hoya hellwigii Warburg 1901 ms Hoya heuschkeliana Kloppenburg 1989

P P PL P P P P P P P P T P P P P P 5 P P 5 P P P PL PL-T P P P P P P P P P

ObA CuAc CdA CuAc

PEL ØE ØObl ØE

1.5 x 0.4 11-18.5 x 4.5-7.5 15 x 5 10 x 4

ObAp ObAc ObAp ObAt ObAc ObAc CuA ObAp CdA CuAc CuA ObAc ObAt CdA ObA ObAc CuAp CuAp CuAp ObAc Ob-A ObA ObAc Ob CdAc CuAc CuA ObAc CuAc ObAc

ØOObl ØEL ØOE ØE ØLO ØOblL ØL ØO ØL ØLObl ØEO ØEObl ØO ØOObl ØEObl ØLObl ØE ØE ØL ØO ØO ØOE PEObl ØOc PCdO ØEL ØEL ØO-L ØOblE ØE

15 x 9 5-10 x 1.5-3.3 4-5 x 2.2

ObAc

ØObl L

15-22.5

P P P P P

A Ac ObA ObA ObA CuA

ØOE ØOE ØO ØO ØLObl

6 x 2.5-4 9-12.5 x 4-6 3.5-5 x 2.3-2.4 5-7 9-15

CuOb

ØOb

2.5 x 0.5-2

6x2 12.5-17.5 x 3.8-5 12-19 x 4-7 4.7-8.5 x 2-2.5 10-16 x 3.7-4.3 1.4 x 4.5 10-17.5 x 6.3-10 7-9 x 4-5 15-30 x 8-14 x 4.5-8 12.5-20 x 2.5-3 11-16 x 2 -2.4 11-16 x 2.4-6.2 14-16 x 7.5-9.5 6.5 x 3.5 7.5-8.8 7-8 x 1.5-2 3 x 2.5 7.5-10 x 2-3 5.5-7.5 x 1.8-2.3 2.5-5 5-8.3 x 2-3 12-15 x 3-4

Hoya hirsuta Moon 1824 Tylophora Hoya hookeriana Wight 1834 Hoya hypolasia Schlechter 1913 Hoya imbricata Decaisne 1844 Hoya imperialis Lindley 1846 Hoya inconspicua Hemsley 1894 Hoya incrassata Warburg 1904 Hoya incurvula Schlechter 1916 Hoya intermedia Schlechter ms name Hoya intermedia A. C. Smith 1942 Hoya ischnopus Schlechter 1913 Hoya juannguoana Kloppenburg 2002 Hoya kanyakumariana Henry & Swam.1978 Hoya kastbergii Kloppenburg 2003 Hoya kenejiana Schlechter 1913 Hoya kentiana Burton 1991 Hoya kerrii Craib 1911 Hoya keysii Bailey 1884 Hoya kingdonwardii P. T. Li 1994 Hoya klosii Moore 1906 Hoya krohnian Kloppenburg & Siar 2010 Hoya kuhlii Koorders 1012 Hoya kwangsiensis Tsiang et Li 1974 Hoya lactea S. Moore 1914 Hoya lacuna Wight 1834 Hoya lacunosa Blume 1826 Hoya lamingtoniae Bailey 1898 Hoya lanceolaria Moore 1916 Hoya lanceolata Lindley 1826 = acuta Hoya lanceolata Wallich ex Don 1825 Hoya lancilimba Merrill 1932 Hoya landgrantensis Klopp. & Siar 2008 Hoya lantsangensis Tsiang et P. T. Li 1974 Not a Hoya Hoya lasiantha Blume ex Korthals 1848 Hoya lasigynostegia P. T. Li 1984 Hoya latifolia G. Don 1838 Hoya laurifolia Decaisne 1838 Hoya laurifolia Miquel 1863 Hoya laurifoliopsis Hochreutiner 1936 Hoya lazeroi Kloppenburg & Siar 2007 Hoya leembruggeniana Koorders 1911 Hoya leucantha S. Moore 1916 Hoya leucorhoda Schlechter 1913

PL P P P P P P

ObA CdAc ObOb CdA ObAc ObOb

ØOblL Ø/PL ØO ØObl ØL ØOObl ØOE

15-25 x 2.5-3.8 12-20 x 3.3-5.3 6-12 round 15-22 x 3.8.5-6 -10 9-14 x 5-6 2.5-4 x 1.2-2

P P P P

ObA CdOb CuAp ObOb

ØObl ØO ØOE ØObObc

8-12 x 2-4.5 9-11 x 5-6 11.3-15 x 5-6.3 1.5-3.3 x 1.5-2.2

P P P P P P P P P P P P T P

ObOb ObA Cu A CuCd CdA Cu A ObOb C Ap CuAc ObA ObOb ObAc ObA CuAc ObAt

ØO Ø Obl ØE ØOb POCd ØE ØO

6 x 4.5 6-10 x 0.5-0.8 3-12 x 0.8-1.5 4-12 x 5-9.5 2.5-3.8 x 1.9-2.5 1-1.7 x 0.5-1 4-6 x 1.5-2.5

ØL ØL ØObO Ø-P ØO-OE ØL ØOObl

5-15 x 2.5-4 8-17 x 2-4 9-12 x 4.5-6.5 6.3-15 x 5-11.3 2.5-3.8 5-7.5 x 2.5 5.5-7.5 x 1.3-2.9

P P T P

CuAc CuA Ob Ac CuCd

ØL ØL

2.5-5 11-14 x 2.5-3.5 8.8 x 3 2-3 x 1.5-2.5

P P PL P P P P P P

ObAc ObA CdAc CuA ObA CuAc Cu Ac CuA ObA ObAc

ØE L ØOL ØO ØLObl ØOObl ØE ØE ØEObl ØLAc ØO

ØO

ØLE ØOb

10-15 x 2.5-5 4.5-7 x 1-2.7 17.5-25 x 10-25 6-10 x 3-3.5 6-10 x 3-3.5 11 x 2.8 4-6.5 x 2.3-3.3 3.5-4.5 x 0.9-1 7-11 x 4.5-6

Hoya leytensis Elmer ex Burton 1938

Hoya liangii Tsiang 1936 Hoya limonica S. Moore 1921 Hoya linavergariae Klopp. & Siar 2006 Hoya lindaueana Koorders 1911 Hoya lindleyana F. Vill. 1880 Hoya linearis Wallich 1834 Hoya lipoensis P. T. Li 1985 Hoya litoralis Schlechter 1905 Hoya lobbii Hooker 1883 Hoya loheri Kloppenburg 1991 Hoya longifolia Wallich 1834 Hoya longifolia (Bl.) Miquel 1857 Hoya lucardenasiana Klopp. & Siar 2008 Hoya lucyae Klopp. & Siar 2006 Hoya luzonica Schlechter 1904 Hoya lyi Leveille 1907 Hoya macgillivrayi Bailey 1914 Hoya macgregorii Schlechter 1906 Hoya macrophylla Blume 1826 Hoya macrophylla Wight 1834 = latifolia Hoya magnifica Forster & Liddle 1995 Hoya magniflora P. T. Li 1984 not hoya Hoya maingayi Hooker 1883 Hoya manipurensis Deb 1954 non Hoya Hoya marginata Schlechter 1905 Hoya matavanuensis Klop. & Siar 2008 Hoya maxima Teijsm. & Binnen. 1863 Hoya maxima Warburg 1907 Hoya megalantha Turrill 1915 Hoya megalaster Warburg 1901 Hoya mekongensis Gilbert & Li 1995 Hoya meliflua Blanco ex Merrill 1837 Hoya membranifolia Costantin 1912 Hoya memoria Kloppenburg 2004 Hoya mengtzeensis Tsiang & Li 1974 Hoya meredithii Green 1989 Hoya merrillii Schlechter 1904 Hoya micrantha Hooker 1883 Hoya microphylla Schlechter 1913 Hoya microstemma Schlechter 1913 Hoya minahassae Schlechter 1916 Hoya mindanaensis Elmer 1938 Hoya mindorensis Schlechter 1906

P 5 P T

CdOb ObAt ObA CuAc

P P P P P P P P P P P P P T PL P

CuA Cucaud. CuAc CdA CuA

ØObl R

2-3.5 x 0.6-1 1-1.2 ØObObl 4.5-7.5 x 3-4.5 ØO 7-8 x 3-3.5 4-5 x 1.1-2.7 ØEL ØE 12-21 x 5-10

CuA ObA ObOb CdAc CuAc ObAc Ob-Cd Ac CdAAc

ØEL ØObl POblL ØEO ØLE ØOObl ØO PEO

3-8-5 9-15 x 3-5 4.5-7 x 1.3-2.2 5-7.5 2.5-6 x .8-1.5 10-15 5-12.5 x 1.3-2.5 5.5 x 3.8 6-10 x 1.8-2.0 9-13 5-6.8 x 12.5-2 10 x 5 7-11 x 2.5-3.5 7.5-21.3 17.5-25 x 10-25 19 x 10

P P 5-7 P

AcOb CuObCd CdAc ObA ObAc2

ØELOb Ø ØEO ØEAt ØEObl

8-20 x 6.2-8.8 2-3 x 1.5-2.5 13-17 x 5.5-10 2.5-5 x 1-1.5 20 x 10

P P P P P P P P 5 P P P P P P

ObAt CdAp Ob Ac ObA ObAc ObA ObAc ObAc ObAc CuA ObA CuA CuA ObA ObAc

ØEO ØO P Ob L ØObl ØL ØL ØL ØO ØO ØOE ØO ØE ØLE ØEL ØOblE

6.5 x 3 8-14 x 5-9 10-13 x 4-5 9-13 x 5-6 7-12 x 1.4-3.2

CuAc

PL ØE ØL ØE-O Ø Ob ØL ØL

ØO

6-11 x 1.5-2 7.5-18 x 12-30 6-9 x 5-6.5 5-10 x 3.1-3.8 1.2-1.7 x 0.7-1.2 2-3.3 x 0.8-1.5 4-7 x 1.5-2.5 15 x 6 9-12 x 3.5-4.5

Hoya mindorensis ssp. superba Klop.& Siar Hoya minima Costantin 1912 Hoya mitrata Kerr 1940 Hoya montana Schlechter 1913 Hoya motoskei Teijsm. & Binn. 1852 Hoya mucronulata Warburg 1901 Hoya multiflora Blume 1823

ObA

ØE

9-12 x 3.5-4.5

CuA ObAc ObAc OBA ObOb CuAc Cu-R Ac ObA CdAp ObAc CuAAc ObA ObAc ObA Ob A ObOb

ØL ØOblE ØOblE PO ØObl ØOblL Ø Ob Ø OL ØE ØOObl ØL ØOObl ØO ØO ØL ØO

4-5.5 x 0.7-1 6.5-12 x 4.7-6 7.5-11 x 3.5-5

P T P

ObAp CuA ObA

ØO ØE ØO

0.9-1.6 x 1.2-2.5 6.8 x 2 1.2 x 1.2

P P P P P 3-5 P P P P

CuAc CuAc ObOb ObCd CuAp CuA CdAp ObAc CuA CuAc

ØObl ØOblL ØOb ØOc ØE-Ob ØE ØObl ØO ØLE ØE-L

10-15 5-8 x 0.4-0.8 5-11 x 4-10.5 1.25-2.5 x 2.25-2.5 2-10 x 4 10 x 4-4.5 10-15 x 5-7.5 10 x 5 2-7 x 1 3.5-5 x 1.3-2.2

P P P P P P P P

OBAc ObAp Ob A CdAAp ObAc ObA Cu -Ob ObAc

ØOObt ØL ØEO ØLO ØEO Ø ØE ØLE

5.5-7.5 x 2.3-3.5 2.3-3 x 0.5-0.8 4-12 x 3-8 12 x 5.5 9.5-3.5 1.3 x 1.3+ 5-7 x 1.8-2.9 6.5-17 x 4.3-4.5

P P P P P P P Hoya myanmarica P. T. Li 1994 Hoya nabawanensis Klopp& Siar2008 P P Hoya naumanii Schlechter 1908 PL Hoya neocaledonica Schlter. 1906 5 Hoya neoebudica Guillaumin 1937 P Hoya nervosa Tsiang et Li 1974 5 Hoya nicholsoniae Mueller 1866 P Hoya nicobarica Br. ex Traill1830 P Hoya nyhuusiae Kloppenburg 2003 P Hoya nummularia Deca. ex

Hook.1883 Hoya nummularioides Costantin 1912 Hoya nuuliensis Klopp. & Siar 2008 Hoya obcordata Hooker 1883 Hoya obcordata Teijs. & Binn.1866 Hoya oblanceolata Hooker 1883 Hoya oblongacutifolia Cost. 1912 Hoya obovata Decaisne 1844 Hoya obreniformis King 1901 Hoya obscure Elmer ex Burton 1986 Hoya obscurinervia Merrill 1923 Hoya obtusifolia Wight 1834 Hoya occlusa Ridley 1912 Hoya odetteae Kloppenburg 1998 Hoya odorata Schlechter 1906 Hoya odoratissima Lind.ex Regal 1884 Hoya oleoides Schlechter 1913 Hoya oligantha Schlechter 1913 Hoya oligotricha K. Hill 1986 Hoya onychoides P. I. Forster 1995 Hoya opposita G. Don 1834Sperlingia Hoya orbiculata Wall. ex Wight 1834 Hoya oreogena Kerr 1939 Hoya oreostemma Schlechter 1913

6-12 x 3-5 14-18 x 10-15 4.1-16 x 1-3.3 6-10 x 2.5-4 10 x 7.5 5-9 x 3-5 7-9 x 3-3.5 8.5-17 x 4-6.3 7.5-12.5 x 3.8-5 5-10 x 2.5-5 1.9 round

Hoya orientalis Li 1984 H. reticulate Merrill Hoya ottolanderi Koorders 1911 Hoya ovalifolia Wight & Ar. 1834 Hoya ovalifolia Wallich revoluta 1834 Hoya oxycoccoides S. Moore 1916 Hoya pachyclada Kerr 1939 Hoya pachyphylla Lauter.& Schu.1907 Hoya pachypus Moore 1914 Hoya padangensis Schlechter 1916 Hoya palawanica Kloppenburg 1990 Hoya pallida Lindley 1826 acuta Hoya pallida Dalz. & Gibs 1861 Hoya panayensis Klopp. & Siar Hoya panchoi Kloppenburg 1988 Hoya pandurata Tsiang 1939 Hoya paniculata Sprngl. 1825 Tylophora Hoya papillantha K. Schumann 1898 Hoya papuana Schlechter 1913 Hoya parasitica Wallich 1830 acuta Hoya parviflora Wight 1834 Hoya parvifolia Schlechter 1908 Hoya patella Schlechter 1913 Hoya pauciflora Wight 1848 Hoya paxtonii Nichols 1852 bella ? Hoya paziae Kloppenburg 1990 Hoya pedunculata Schlechter 1913 Hoya pendula Wight & Arnott 1834 Hoya pendula Wight 1918 Hoya pentaphlebia Merrill 1918 Hoya perakensis Ridley 1910 Hoya persicinicoronis He, Li et al. Hoya philippinensis Li. 1984 Hoya phyllura O. Schwartz 1931 Hoya picta Siebold 1848 Hoya picta Blume 1848 Hoya picta Miquel 1856 Hoya piestolepis Schlechter 1913 Hoya pilosa Seemann 1861 Hoya planiflora Wall. ex Wight 1861

5 P

CuAc CuAAc Cu Ac CuOb CuAc ObAp

ØL ØE ØO ØOOrb ØOb ØEObt

P P P P

ObObA CuAAc

ØOObl ØE EL ØOL

6.5-8 x 4-5 7-10 x 1.3-2 13.2-14.5 x 3.8-4.2 5-10 x 2.5

P P P

ObAp ObOb ObAc

13.2-14.5 x 3.8-4.2 0.9-1.5 4-7 x 1

P P T/P P P P P

ØObl ØLE Ø L/Ac

P P P P 5 5 P

ObA CuAc O/A Ac CuA ObAc ObOb Ac ObAc ObOb ObAc ObOb ObA ObA Cu Ob

ØE ØObl-E ØOblO ØEO-L ØO-E ØO Ø EO

6-7 x 2.5-3 1.2-1.7 x 0.8-1

P P P P P P P

CuAc ObAt ObA ObA CdAc CdA CdAc

ØOblE ØOL ØO ØO ØOblE Ø /PE

8-16 x 3.2-5.2

5-10

P 5 P

ObAc

ØO ØObl

ØL ØL

POblE ØLObl

15-28 x 4-7.5 5-7 1.2-1.8 x 0.7-.8 7.8-10.5 x 5.2-6 7-11 x 5-6.5

11 x 7 6-8 x 1-2.3 5-10 x 2.5 6.3-10 x 1.3-1.9 5-10 x.0.9-1.9 6.5-9 x 2.7-3.4 2.5-5 x 0.6

3.8 x 6.3 8-16 x 6-9 11.3 x 7.5 6-10 x 4-5

0.3-0.5 x 4.4 12-15 x 5.5-7

Hoya plicata King &. Gamble 1908 Hoya piminteliana Klopp. 1999 Hoya polyneura Hooker 1883 Hoya polystachya Blume 1849 Hoya poolei White & Francis 1828 Hoya pottsii Traill 1830 Hoya praetorii Miquel 1856 Hoya pruinosa Miquel 1856 Hoya pseudolanceolata Cost.1912 Hoya pseudolittoralis Norman 1937 Hoya pseudomaxima Koorders 1919 Hoya pseudovalifolia Costantin1912 Hoya pubens Costantin 1912 Hoya puber Blume 1826 Hoya pubescens Reinecke 1898 Hoya pubicalyx Merrill 1918 Hoya pubifera Elmer 1938 Hoya pulchella Schlechter 1913 Hoya purpurascens Teij.& Bin.1863 Hoya purpureofusca Hooker 1849 Hoya pusilla Rintz 1987 Hoya pusilliflora S. Moore 1916 Hoya pycnophylla Rechinger 1908 Hoya querinoensis Klopp.& Siar 2007 Hoya quinquenervia Warburg 1904 Hoya quisumbingii Klopp. 1992 Hoya radicalis Tsiang et Li1974 Hoya ramosii Klopp. & Siar 2007 Hoya rosarioae Klopp. & Siar 2009 Hoya recurvifolia Zipp.ex Blume1849 Hoya recurvula Kloppenburg 2000 Hoya reflexa Bent. & Hooker 1880 Hoya reticulata Costantin 1912 Hoya reticulata Schlechter 1913 Hoya reticulata Merrill 1920 Hoya retusa Dalzell 1852 Hoya retusa Warburg 1907 Hoya revolubilis Tsiang et Li 1974 Hoya revoluta Wight 1883 Hoya rhodostele Ridley 1923 Hoya rhodostemma Schlechter 1913

P P P 5 P PL P P P P imbricate P T P P P P P P 5 P P 5 5 PL P P P P

CuAc CuAc ObAc ObAc AcCu CdAp ObAc ObOb CuAt ObA

ØOL

ØObl-O ØEOb ØL ØO

7.5-15 -1.3 4-9 x 1.1-2.2 7-9 x 3-4.5

ObAc ObAp ObA ObAc ObAc ObOb ObA CdA ObtAc ObAc ObOb CuA ObAp ObAc CuAp CuAc Cu Ac Cu Ap

ØO ØoObl

ØOOb ØO ØO ØOL ØL-O ØL Ø EL ØO ØL ØObl ØL Ø Ob L

4.2-6 x 2.4-3 9.5-13 x 3.6-6.8 1.5-2.5 6-9 x 4-6 10-14 x 3-5 12 x 3 1.7-2.2 x 0.9-1.3 8.5 x 5 10-12.5 8x3 6-7 x 1.8-2.4 9-10 x 2-3 16.5 x 5.5 6.5 x 4 8-12.3 x 2-2.3 10-21 x 3-4 3.7-10 x 0.6 4.6-6.3 x 2.2-3

ObA

ØL

8-12 x 3.5

P P P

CuAc ObOb Obac ObOb ObAc CuOb CuOb Cu A CuAc

ØObl ØE ØOObl Ølinear POb ØE ØOL ØO-L ØL

11-18 x 3-4.5 6.5-10 x 3-5 8-12 x 4-7 3.8-5 x 0.4-0.5 10-15 x 7-10 6-9 x 2-3 3.8-7.5 x 1.9-2.5 3.8-5 x 1.3-1.9 9-14 x 4.2-7.3

P P P P P

ØOL ØOObl ØLO

7.5 x 2.5 6-10 x 2.5-3 7.5-10 x 2.5-6.3 7.5-12.5 6-9 x 2-3

ØO

PEObl

POOb ØOblO POblL

Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble 1908 Hoya rigida Kerr 1939 Hoya rizaliana Kloppenburg 1991 Hoya rosea Schumann 1905 Hoya rotundifolia Siebold 1840 Hoya rubida Schlechter 1901 Hoya rufolanata Ridley 1923 Hoya rumphii Blume 1826 Hoya rupicola K. Hill 1988 Hoya ruscifolia Decaisne 1844 Hoya salweenica Tsiang et Li 1974 Hoya samoensis Seemann 1866 Hoya sana Bailey 1897 Hoya sarcophylla Ridley 1917 Hoya schlechteriana Moore 1916 Hoya schneei Schlechter 1921 Hoya scortechinii King & Gamble 1908 Hoya serpens Hooker 1883 Hoya shepherdii Short ex Hooker 1861 Hoya siamaca Craib 1911 Hoya siarae Kloppenburg 2002 Hoya sikkimensis Graf 1992 Hoya silvatica Tsiang et P. T. Li 1974 Hoya sipitangensis Klopp.&Wiberg 2002 Hoya skinnerae Klopp. & Siar Hoya smithii Klopp. & Siar Hoya sogeriensis Moore 1913 Hoya solaniflora Schlechter 1913 Hoya soligamiana Klopp. & Siar 2008 Hoya sororia Schumann 1905 Hoya spartioides (Kuntz)Klopp. 2001 Hoya splendens Maingay 1837 Hoya stenophylla Schlechter 1913 Hoya stoneana Kloppenburg 2006 Hoya suaveolens Miquel 1856 Hoya subglabra Schlechter 1913 Hoya subquaterna Miquel 1856 Hoya subquintuplinervis Miquel 1869 Hoya tamaleaaensis Klopp. & Siar 2009 Hoya tauensis Klopp. & Siar 2008 Hoya tenggerensis Bakhuizen 1950 Hoya teretifolia Griffith ex Hooker 1883

P 5 P P P P P P P P P T P P P P P P P T P P P P T or PL P T T P P P P T 5 5 T P

CuA Cuac CuA CuAc ObA ObAc ObA ObAc OA A ObOb ObAc ObA ObA OB CuAc CdAc ObOb CuA ObAc ObA

ØOObl ØO-E ØOE ØL ØEO ØO-E

ØLObl ØL

1.3-1.9 5-15 x 1.3 3.7-9.5 x 1.5-2.2 14 x 3.5

CuAc CuA ObA ObA ObOb ObAc Ob Ac ObAc ObOb

PEObl

8-11 x 2.5-4

Ø OE

10-20 x 8-12 10-16 x 3-4 4.5-9 x 1.3-2.8 9-13 x 2-3 5-6 x 1 1 x..5

ObAp ObA ObAc Ac Ac ObAp Ob At ObAt ObAc CuA

PV POL

6-8 x 3.5-4.5 5-8.5 x 1.5-2.5

ØOE ØE ØO ØO Ø OE ØOE ØOObl ØV

9-13.5 x 3.5-5.5 10-17.5 7.5-9.4 x 5-7.5 4.5-5.5 x 2.5-3 6.7-9.7 x 2.3-4.8 10-12 x 5.5-6 12.5-17.5

ØObl L ØO

ØO ØEObl ØOE PObL

ØL ØObt ØE ØO-L POE ØV

ØL Ø ØL ØEObl ØL ØEL

7.5-12.5 x 3.1-4.4 12-14 x 4.5-6.3 3.6 x 1.2 2.5 -5 x 0.8-1.5 12-13 x 10 4-6 x 2-3 11.3-11.9 x 7.5 5-7.5 x 5 14 x 3.0-7.0 1-12.5 x 3.5-4.5 7-10 x 3.5-5.8 3.8-8.1 8.5 x 3 10-11 x 3.8-4.5 8-11 x 3-4.5

Hoya teysmanniana Miquel 1856 Hoya thomsonii Hooker 1883 Hoya tiapeansis Hochreutiner 1938 Hoya tjadasmalangensis Bakhuizen 1950 Hoya tjampeaensis Hochreutiner 1936 Hoya tomatoensis Green & Kloppenburg Hoya torricellensis Schlechter 1913 Hoya treubiana Schlechter 1908 Hoya trigonolobos Schlechter 1905 Hoya trinervia (Hort.) Mach.ex Regal 1865 Hoya trinervis Trail 1830 Hoya trukensis Hosakawa 1937 Hoya tsangii Burton ex Klopp. 1989 Hoya tsiangiana P. T. Li 1984 Hoya tsoi Merrill 1934 Hoya tutuilensis Klopp. & Siar 2008 Hoya uncinata Teijsm. & Binnen. 1863 Hoya upoluensis Reinecke 1893 Hoya vacciniiflora Schwartz 1931 Hoya vaccinioides Hooker 1883 Hoya variegata Siebold 1846 Hoya variegata De Vriese 1853 Hoya variifolia Ridley 1926 Hoya velutina Griffith 1854 Hoya venusta Schlechter 1913 Hoya verticillata (Vahl) G. Don 1837 Hoya villosa Constantin 1912 Hoya vitelina Blume 1849 Hoya vitellinoides Brink f. 1950 Hoya vitensis Turrill 1915 Hoya volubilis Griffith 1835 Hoya warburgii Schlechter Unpub Hoya wariana Schlechter 1913 Hoya walliniana Klopp. & Nyhuus 2003 Hoya wayetii Kloppenburg 1993 Hoya waymaniae Kloppenburg 1995 Hoya weebella Klopp. & Siar 2005 Hoya whistlerii Kloppenburg 2002 Hoya wibergiae Kloppenburg 2001

P P P P P P P P P 3-5

ObOb ObAc CuAc Ob Ac CuAp ObAp CuAc ObOb Ob A ObA

ØLObl POObl

PL P PO

ObAc Ob Ac CuAc

P 5 P 5 P P P

Ob Ac ObA ObAc CuAc CuA Ob A CuA ObA ObAc ObA CuAc ObA ObAc ObAp ObOb CuAc ObAc Ob At ObA

ØOObl ØEO ØV Ø ØOE Ø OL ØL ØEO ØOblL ØE ØO + EL ØOEObl ØEOb + L ØOL ØL -E ØObl

P P P P P P P P T P P P P P P T

CuAp Ob A CuA ObOb ObAc ObAp

ØE

ØO ØE ØOE ØE ØOblO ØOObl ØO

POblE

ØOblL ØObl ØEObl ØOL Ø ØV ØO ØV P Ø Ob ØL ØE

7.5-12.5 x 2.5-3.8 5-7.5 x 1.7-3.8 10-25 x 4.5-10 19.5 x 12 10-25 x 4.5-10 10.7 x 3.8 9-14 x 4-4.3 13-18 x 4.5-5.5 14 x 7 6.5-10 x 3.8-5

4-5.5 x 2-2.5 5-12 x 1-1.5 6-8 x 1.5-2 5.5-6.5 x 3-3.5 9 x 3.5 7-15 x 5 1.25

2-5 1.5 x 0.5 4 x 0.2 3.8 3-5 x 0.9-1.7 7.5 x 3.1 7-11 x 3.8-4.8 8-22 x 4.5-8.5 14-16 x 7-7.5 10 x 7

2.5-5.5 x 3.5-5.5 5-14.5 x 1.5-2.7 5-9 x 3-5 1.8 x 0.9 5.5-10.5 x 3.8 6.5-11 x 2.5-3

Hoya wightiana Thwates 1864 Hoya wightii Hooker f. 1883 Hoya wrayi King & Gamble 1908 Hoya yuennanensis Kand_Mass 1936

P P┴ P P

CuAc CuAc CuAp Ob Ap

ØL ØE ØLO Ø

2.5-7.5 x 5-12.5 5-10 3.5-4 x 1-1.25 6-11

Leaf Data from Hoya Type descriptions Hoya acicularis Green & Kloppenburg 1992. semi-terete leaves (not linear-lanceolate……….. bifoliate at the node, that may be straight to curved and twisted; petiole curved. Hoya acuminata Bentham ex Hooker 1866. leaves opposite, oblong, acuminate, fleshy. Hoya acuta Haworth 1821. leaves ovate lanceolate acuminate. Hoya aeschynanthoides Schlechter. densely leaved; with leaves shortly petioled, broad ovate-elliptic, acute, pilose (felt like) on both sides, 1.5-2.3 cm. long, nearly 1-1.8 cm. wide, petiole hispid 0.3-0.5 cm. long. Hoya africana Decaisne 1844. leaves ovate or ovate-oblong acuminate, bases rounded or somewhat attenuate, glabrous on both sides, midrib above at the limb base glandular. Hoya alagensis (Shltr.) Kloppenburg 1990 leaves outspread ovate-lanceolate, with the base rounded, apex acute and beaked, 11 cm long by 4.5-5 cm. wide, both surfaces glabrous, not fleshy, veins on both sides 4-6 ascending, reticulate, costa (midrib) thick prominently raised below. Hoya alata K. Hill 1986. Leaves fleshy to coriaceous, ovate or rhomboid, acute, tapering to a narrowly chordate base, pale green, pink or pale bronze when growing in strong light. 3-7 cm long, 2.5-5.0 cm wide; margins and apex recurved; venation obscure, sub-parallel or somewhat palmate, petioles 3-8 mm long, 2-4 mm diam. Hoya alba Kosteletsky 1834. None Hoya albiflora Zippelius ex Blume 1848. leaves elliptic oblong cuspidate…….. Leaf 4.5 - 8 inches (long), 1 and 2/3 -2.5 inches wide, elliptic-oblong or oblong, with a constricted pointed apex, base somewhat rounded, texture very fleshy, with the lateral veins for the most part not visible, the a strong rounded prominent middle nerve on the back, above channeled and at the base warty. Hoya aldrichii Hemsley 1890. leaves with 5 nerves.

Hoya alexicaca Moon ex Trimen 1895. glabrous; l. 1.5 - 3.5 in., ovate or oblong-ovate, usually cordate at base, with rounded lobes, very acute at apex, glabrous, thin, petiole long, slender. Hoya amblyolepis Schlechter, Unpublished, Type #4545 (B) Hoya amboinensis Warburg 1907. leaves oblong and broad with a rounded base, acute apex 6 - 7 cm. long 2.5 - 5 cm. wide, above clear, at the base of the costa somewhat granulose, veins about 4 outspread, curving and curving and running together prior to reaching the margines , not at all distinct, reticulations barely thickened. Hoya amoena Bakhuizen 1950. leaves oblong-lanceolate, sometimes almost rhomboid or ovate with the base acute or wedge-shaped, rarely obtuse, acute or briefly acute acuminate, when dried thin but strongly leathery somewhat uninerved or distinctly trinerved at the base, lateral nerves and transverse nerves above fixed at the base which are barely different, glabrous 8 - 11 cm. long, 3.5 - 4.4 cm. wide, petiole thin, glabrous 8 - 15 mm. long. Hoya andalensis Kloppenburg 2005. Leaves opposite small, cupped below, ovate 5.0 x 2.2 cm. mostly uniform, medium flat green color above, below much lighter, most leaf pairs turned to one side of the stem. Hoya anncajanoae Kloppenburg & Siar 2008. Leaves: lanceolate- elliptic 5- 9 cm. x 1.5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2.8 cm. thick and fleshy, base subcuneate apex sub-acute. new growth with more pubescent than older foliage, juvenile lower surface with fine pubescence to finely papilate, edges rounded, upper surface with fewer but more uniform distribution. Mature foliage some hair cells below, upper with fine pustulate. Nerves obsolete but pinnate, 10 or so nerves on each side of midrib anastomosing. Hoya angustifolia Traill 1830. Leaves narrowly-lanceolate, Narrow leaved Hoya. Leaves membranaceous. Hoya angustisepala Schlechter 1830 Hoya angustisepala Burton 1987. leaves very leathery, glabrous, oblong nearly oblong-ovate, as long as 15 cm., 6 cm. wide, base broadly rotund or obscurely emarginate, apex acute nearly subacuminate, nerves on both sides 3-5, nerves thin; petiole thick nearly 2 cm. long, glabrous deeply grooved. Hoya anulata Schlechter 1905. loosely leaved; leaves flat outspread elliptic or oblong elliptic, ovate, sometimes obtuse acuminate, both sides glabrous, nerves barely conspicuous, of thick leathery texture, 6-8 cm. long, near the middle 4-4.5 cm. wide.

Hoya apiculata Scheffler 1876. Leaves glabrous at the base almost cordate, somewhat orbicular, tips apiculate, one nerved, with gland inserted at the base. Hoya apoensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2010. Leaves glabrous, oblanceolate, base cuneate, apex sub-acute, veins pinnate 7 +/pairs, at 45Ë&#x161; angle to the midrib. Blade 4.5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 6 cm. long, 1.5-1.6 cm. at the widest. Petiole terete, glabrous, not grooved, 0.5-1.0 cm. long 0.05 cm. in diameter. Hoya archboldiana C. Norman 1937. Leaves thick, large, pinnately veined, up to around 13 x 7 cm., oblong, tips abruptly acute, when dry the base lightly cordate with the sinus closed. Hoya ariadna Decaisne 1844 Leaves elliptic, base and apex rounded or above nearly acuminate somewhat distinctive 4.4 inches ling 2 wide, fleshy almost veinless, margins reflexed below concave boat-shaped both surfaces shinny glabrous. Hoya arnottiana Wight 1834. leaves fleshy, broadly ovate acuminate leaves fleshy, broadly ovate acuminate. Hoya attenuata Christophersen 1935. blades 5 x 1.6 - 6.5 x 1.9 - 8 x 2.8 cm. long and broad; petiole grooved, glabrous, 8 - 11 mm. long. Hoya aurantiaca Kloppenburg & Siar 2008. Foliage oblanceolate, apex shortly acute, base narrowing subcordate, surface dull green with occasional dull purplish staining. Nerves quintuplinerved of a lighter color distinct above to very distinct even raised, invisible below, first pair arise slightly above base, ending in looping secondary nerves below middle, second pair above base, looping with side reticulations most not reaching the apex. 7.5-13 cm. long and 3.0-5.0 cm. wide Petioles extremely variable, most thick, curved as large as stem or larger, some extremely long. Hoya australis R. Br. ex Trail 1830. Leaves on short petioles, ovate obovate or nearly orbicular, obtuse or shortly acuminate, rounded or rarely almost cordate at the base, thick and fleshy, 2 to 3 in. long or rarely more. Hoya australis subsp. orimicola: subsp. rupicola; subsp sanae; subsp. tenuipes. Hoya australis subsp. nathaliae Kloppenburg & Siar 2009. Leaves ovate, cordate, short apiculate apex, 6.5 cm. long 3.6 cm. at the widest, dorsal surface stiff short pubescence, ventral side more dense indumentum. Peduncle

densely pubescent, 4 triangular glands at the attachment point above, terete, curved 1 cm. long 0.10 cm. in diameter. Hoya balansae Constantine 1912. Leaves fleshy glabrous, grayish-green, at times with spots of dark green, oval rounded at the base, tip acuminate, nerves not very apparent 3; lateral nerves alternating, 2 to 4 on each side, meeting at the edge with the others; length 4.5 to 6.5 cm. by 2.5 to 3.5 cm.; petiole thick, to 5 mm. long. Hoya bandaensis Schlechter 1908. loosely leaved; leaves petiolate elliptic acute or briefly acuminate, both sides glabrous, with fleshy texture, 10-12 cm. long. in the middle 5-7 cm. wide, petiole fleshy about 1.5 cm. long. Hoya barbata Sprengel 1825. leaves ovate acute very glabrous.

Hoya barracki Horne ex Backer. None Hoya bella Hooker 1849. with copious foliage, leaves small ovate acute shortly petioled one nerved above intense green below pale, lateral. Hoya benguetensis Schlechter 1906. loosely leaved, with the leaves elliptical or ovate elliptical, acuminate, glabrous, with thick coriaceous texture, with 5 primary nerves very conspicuous, 6-10 cm. long in the middle or below 2.5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 4 cm. wide. Hoya benvergarai Kloppenburg & Siar 2008. Blades 9-13 cm. long x 2-3 cm. at the widest. Petiole round 1.5-2.0 cm. long. Hoya betchei (Schlechter) Whistler 1908. loosely leaved, leaves outspread petiolate lanceolate-elliptic, with the base rounded, glabrous, texture leathery, 6.9-9.5 cm. long, in the middle 1.8-2.3 cm., petiole fleshy about 1 cm. long; cymes slenderly pedunculate shaped like umbels, of few flowers, peduncle round, glabrous, 5-6 cm. long. Hoya bhutanica Grierson & Long 1979. Leaves elliptic and not fleshy, corolla at least twice wider inside. Creeping shrub stem narrow 3-5 meters, rooting. Leaves elliptic (6.5) 9-15 x (2.75) 3-4.5 cm., apex acute base rounded, trinerved, lateral veins produced Â˝ above, slightly leathery, glabrous, margined entire. Hoya bicarinata A. Gray 1861.

leaves glabrous somewhat fleshy flat obscurely penninerved oval obovate or ovate very briefly and abruptly acuminate bases rounded almost cordate, blade above petiole hairy glandular. Hoya bicknellii Kloppenburg 1999. Leaf: Opposite and whorled. Petiole terete, curved, 1.5 cm. long, nearly the same diameter of the stem from which it arises, glabrous, green. Blade broadly ovate to ovate elliptic, flat to sub curved with some undulations. 9.0—12 cm. long x 0.6—0.8 cm. wide in the center. Base cuneate, edges cupped upward slightly, pinnate anastomosing veining, visible above as is the midrib but obscure below. Apex shortly apiculate to slightly acute. Glossy green above duller below, glabrous.

Hoya bicolensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2009. Foliage ovate to lanceolate apiculate 7.8 – 12.5 cm. long and 2.0 – 4.0 cm. widest, triplinerved, prominent above obscure or less below. A basal pair plus midrib and a pair above, looping and anastomosing. Dull to dark green above paler below. Petiole round curved to twisted 1.5-2.4 cm. long, larger in diameter than the stem 0.250.30 cm. in diameter. Hoya bicolor Kloppenburg 2003. Foliage opposite, blades ovate with a cordate base and extremely short acute apiculate apex, slightly furrowed at the midrib on the dorsal surface, otherwise horizontal, edges entire, pinnately at about a 40 degree angle, ca. 4 pairs on either side, looping in before reaching the margins and somewhat anastomosing. Lower surface along the midrib with scattered hair cells. Petiole long twister ca. 3 cm. long 0.4 cm. in diameter, slightly grooved near the blade otherwise terete; two small semicircular raised dark glands at attachment above. Internodes variable in length 5 cm.- 12.5 cm., puberulous, with nodes enlarged, leaves leaving circular scars. Hoya billardieri Decaisne 1844. leaves oval by no means or rarely bases emarginate or somewhat cordate apexes very shortly acuminate with both sides glabrous, limb above petiole glandular, with three 3 obtuse glands. Hoya bilobata Schlechter 1906. well leaved; leaves briefly petioled broadly elliptical or somewhat orbicular, obtuse, glabrous, leathery textured, 1.7-2.2 cm. long, 1.3-1.8 cm. long in the middle, petiole about 0.3 cm. long. Hoya blashernaezii Kloppenburg 1999. Leaf: petiole terete curved .7 - 1.2 cm. long 2.0 - 2.5 cm. At the widest, blade elongate elliptic- lanceolate with a slight curve inward apex tapering to a very acute apex, base cuneate or occasionally slightly rounded; venation prominently triplinerved; deep green and glossy above, dull and lighter green below, midrib obscure. Hoya blumeana Schlechter 1913. None

Hoya bonii Costantin 1912. Leaves fleshy, opposite, round or heart shaped at the base end with the apex pointed, occasionally oval or even oblong and pointed at apex. Some hairs below, short and with intervals between the hairs visible, often seen with magnifying glass only; hairless and smooth above. Midrib very projecting below and hairy along its sides; secondary nerves 5 to 6 pairs, slanting at 45º for some distance towards the edge. Leaf 8 to 10 cm. long. by 3.8 to 7 cm. wide; petiole to 1 cm., 4mm. thick. Hoya bordenii Schlechter 1906. loosely leaved; with leaves outspread lanceolate-oblong or narrowly elliptical, acuminate, glabrous, texture leathery, 11-18 cm. long, 2.5-4.5 cm. wide at the middle or below the middle, with the petiole short, fleshy 1.5-2 cm. long. Hoya brevialata Kleijn & Donkelaar 1999. Leaves suborbicular to elliptic, light-green, yellowish to bright red when very exposed. Petioles 0.5--1 cm long. Hoya brittonii Kloppenburg, 1992. The leaves are noted to be thick and on drying are pinnately veined, 3-4 looping nerves on either side of a somewhat obscure midrib. They appear also to be reticulately nerved………… Leaf Blade: variable but generally obovate 8 cm. long, 3 cm. wide above the middle, thick, glabrous on both surfaces, with a cuneate base leading into the petiole; pinnately nerved, probably obsolete in the living state. Hoya brooksii Ridley 1925. leaves fleshy, elliptic, somewhat acute, bases cuneate, nerves invisible, midrib even obscure, 5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, petioles 5 mm. long; peduncles somewhat robust 3 cm. long. Hoya browniana Koorders 1911. leaves opposite (but not always, rarely one aborts becoming pseudo-alternate), oblong, glabrous, fleshy, dried led-gray, with the base acute, with the apex acuteacuminate, distinctly triple-nerved, 14-20 cm. long and 6 - 7½ cm. wide. Petioles 2 - 2½ cm. long, thickened, glabrous. Hoya brunioniana Wight 1834. leaves fleshy, oval-oblong acuminate. Hoya bulusanensis Elmer 1938. See under Hoya panchoi Kloppenburg. Leaves very thick, pale or yellowish green beneath, the upper surface paler green, normally opposite along the slender branches, more or less clustered toward the base or upon very short and thick seemingly abnormal branchlets, subdeciduous, glabrous but minutely punctate on both faces, the dry blades wrinkled on the upper but perfectly smooth on the lower side, flat, edges straight and entire, curing yellowish brown, of two distinct types, the orbicular to rotund shape and the elliptic to the obovately oblong type, the latter ones 2 cm wide above the middle and 4 cm in length, obtusely ro6nded at the

apex, broadly cuneate at the base, the smaller kind 1.5 cm wide across the middle; petiole very short and very thick, curved and expanded toward and at the base, dull brown, rugose on my specimen, leaving large circular scars after falling; midrib scarcely evident or entirely obsolete in the smaller type of leaves, in the middle; petiole very short and very thick, curved and expanded toward and at the base, dull brown, rugose on my specimen, leaving large circular scars after falling; midrib scarcely evident or entirely obsolete in the smaller type of leaves, in the middle region longitudinally striate below especially so of the larger blades, lateral nerves none. Hoya buotii Kloppenburg 2002. The typical leaf is elliptic-lanceolate with a long acuminate apex, base narrowly rounded. Blade is 10 cm. long x 2.5 cm. wide near the base. The petiole is grooved above, 1 cm. long x 0.09 cm. in diameter. Nerves are pinnate 7 or so on each side, at from a 30º to nearly perpendicular angle to the midrib; anastomosing. Hoya burmanica Rolfe 1920. Leaves somewhat pendulous, shortly petiolate, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat concave, slightly thick, glabrous, glaucous-green 5 to 8 cm. long, 1.3 to 2 cm. wide; petiole 5 mm. long. Hoya burtoniae Kloppenburg 1990. The leaves of this species are more regularly ovate-elliptic, rather than long and narrowly lanceolate. Hoya burtoniae contains a lot of anthocyanin pigmentation, which is visible throughout the plant, especially manifest on the lower leaf surfaces……… Leaves beautifully colored, opposite, far apart, thick or leathery, with revolute margins, narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, rigid, above covered with closely spaced velvety granules, beneath less pubescent and granular, 2.5 to 12 cm. long and above middle 3 cm. broad, bases attenuate, at apexes obtuse or somewhat acute; midrib not prominent, side nerves not at all prominent; petiole velvety 0.8 to 2.5 cm long. Hoya buruensis Miquel 1869. Leaves shortly petioled with rounded bases, slightly emarginate, above the petiole minutely callused, (a little) ovate-elliptic or (more or less) elliptic-oblong with the tip acute or obtuse-attenuate, fleshy, glabrous, below the midrib covered over, on both sides about 5 (from the very base) erect and outspread curved almost united. Hoya cagayanensis Burton 1987. Leaves elliptic, lightly leathery, penninerved, both sides glabrous, 6 - 8 cm. by 2.25 - 3 cm., petiole 1 com (cm.) plus or minus long. Hoya callistophylla Green. leaves opposite, elliptic to lanceolate with attenuate tips, cuneate bases, prominent, pinnate, dark green venation, substance heavy and hard, with a matte surface. Hoya calycina Schlechter 1908.

Leaves spread or outspread, petiolate, broadly oval, apiculate, with base somewhat cordate, leathery, above sparsely puberulous, below shortly tomentose, petiole tomentose above slightly grooved. Hoya campanulata Blume 1826. leaves leathery almost veinless oblong, acuminate glabrous. Hoya camphorifolia Warburg 1904. Leaf blade glabrous on both sides, parchment like, ovate elliptic or elliptic, 6 to 9 cm. long, in the middle 2.5 to 3.5 cm. wide, apex acuminate acute often curled back, often convex on underside, bases narrowly rounded. Veins 2-3 on both surfaces ascending, not all reaching the apex, reticulate, distinct but not prominent. Peduncles long and filamentous, straight, glabrous, 8-9 cm. long, 0.1 cm. diam. Hoya cardiophylla Merrill 1920. Leaves heart-shaped, apparently fleshy when fresh, rather flaccid when dry. 5 to 7 cm. long. 4.5 to 5 cm wide, pale when dry, glabrous or the younger ones slightly ciliate near the basal margins, the base broadly rounded and distinctly cordate, the sinus acute, the basal lobes broadly rounded, the apex shortly and sharply acuminate; petioles 5 to 7 mm long; lateral nerves about 4 on each side of the midrib, somewhat spreading, anastomosing, the reticulations lax and distinct on both surfaces. Hoya carnosa R. Brown 1802. Leaves oval-oblong fleshy, corolla hair. Hoya carrii Forster & Liddle 1992 Hoya caudata J. D. Hooker 1883. Leaves 2-3 in. diam., sparsely papillose on both surfaces, midrib and arching nerves faint: petiole Âź in., so thick as to appear globose. Hoya cavaleriei Leveille 1914. Leaves leathery, nerves conspicuous, middle nerve elevated. Hoya cebuensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2010. leaves are ovate lanceolate with an obtuse base versus linear-elliptic with a cuneate leaf base. Hoya cembra Kloppenburg 1990. leaves erect- spreading briefly petiolate, narrow elliptical beaked, glabrous, shinny, somewhat leathery, 8 - 10 cm. long, below the middle 2 - 3 cm. wide, petioles 0.5 cm. long. Hoya chinensis Traill 1830. None

Hoya chinghungensis (Tsiang & P. T. Li) M. G. Gilbert, P. T. Li & W. D. Stevens. leaf blade broadly ovate, 1- 1.5 x 0.7 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1.1 cm, glabrous, base rounded to truncate, apex acute to obtuse; lateral veins obsolete. Hoya chlorantha Rechinger 1908. Leaves leathery, when dry shiny green, nerves not prominent on either side, briefly petiolate, narrowly acuminate at both ends, penninerved. Hoya chlorantha var. tutuilensis Christophersen 1908. Leaves leathery, when dry shiny green, nerves not prominent on either side, briefly petiolate, narrowly acuminate at both ends, penninerved. Hoya chloroleuca Schlechter 1913. Leaves spreading or outspread, petiolate, lanceolate or elliptic- lanceolate, acute or sub acute, thinly coriaceous, both sides glabrous, petioles short, glabrous, above slightly grooved. Hoya chunii P. T. Li. 1984. None Hoya cinnamomifolia Hooker 1848. leaves fleshy-leathery, thick ovate or ovate oblong acuminate, 5 nerved, nerves above prominent, above at the petiole callused glandular; peduncle short. Hoya citrina Ridley 1922. Leaves thick, fleshy stiffly coriaceous ovate, base broad, round, subcordate; nerves three conspicuous when dry with about 4 pairs of lateral nerves from the central nerve broken up into reticulations large and lax. 4 to 4.5 in. long, 3 in wide; petiole very thick .75 in long. Hoya clandestina Blume 1848. not from type description (none) leaves fleshy elliptic-oblong acuminate with the base rounded, three nerved between the nerves obscure veined; Umbels with many flowered long pedunclesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; the inside of the corolla silky lobes ovate acute revolute. Hoya clemensiorum Green. leaves opposite, thick and rigid, petiole 7 mm x 2 cm, curved, blade 10-20 cm wide x 20-50 cm long, with raised, prominent, pinnate venation, ovate-lanceolate with attenuate tip. Hoya cochinchinensis Loureiro 1817. leaves opposite, ovate. Hoya collettii Schlechter 1913.

Leaves petiolate fleshy, linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate 3-4½ inches long, somewhat obtuse, base elongated, rounded, above shining, above paler midrib thick elevated; petioles thick 3-4 lines long. Hoya collina Schlechter 1913. Leaves erect spreading or widely outspread, shortly petioled, elliptic or ovateelliptic, obtuse, wedge shaped base, fleshy, both sides glabrous, petiole fleshy, above lightly furrowed (grooved). Hoya cominsii Hemsley 1890. Leaves fleshy, glabrous, wide ovate, with petiole thick, at least 5 inches long, obtuse or somewhat acute, palmately 5 to 7 nerved. Hoya commutate Gilbert & Li. 1995. Leaves not known. Hoya compacta Burton 1990 Caulis puberulis, brunnei, albis pilis, nodis brevis 1 1/2 - 2 cm.. Folia 5 1/2 - 6 cm. longa X 3 cm. lata, obsolete plicata, inferiora exposita, superiora persipe occulta complanata, (basi cordatis, apices acuminatis), ocula nuda vel negligentius glaberrima sed reversis pilis minutis dispersis, ocula armata aspectabilibus utrinque conspersis. Petioli ± 1 cm. longi, supra non canaliculate. Hoya coriacea Blume 1825. leaves a little nerved oval acute or acuminate coriaceous, glabrous. Hoya costantinii P. T. Li 1984. Hoya reticulata Cost. in Lec., None Hoya cordata Li & Huang. caule terete cortice cineraceo-flavo 5 mm diametro. Folia opposita succulenta vel exsiccations crasse coriacea, ovate vel long ovate 5—9 cm longa 4.5—5 cm lata, apice acute vel obtuse basi cordata, supra glabra et subtus ad costam mediam puberula, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 6— paribus utrinque leviter elevatis, petiolis robustis 5 mm longis pubescentibus, apice glandulis perpaucis 3—5-fascicularibus instructis. Hoya crassicaulis Elmer ex Kloppenburg 1995. leaves leathery elliptic or oblong-acute, shiny, 8-17 cm. more or less large, in the center nearly 5-8 cm. wide, base rounded or a little somewhat acuminate and recurved, margins somewhat revolute, midrib prominent below, veins on both sides about 4, spreading curving confluent to the margins. Hoya crassifolia Haworth ex Traill 1811. The leaves are obovate, very bluntly acuminate, upwards of four inches long, without veins, of a darkish green colour above, pale beneath. The petioles are thick and fleshy, of a purplish green colour, and much flattened above.

Hoya crassifolia Ridleyi 1912 Leaves very coriaceous ovate acuminate slightly cordate at the base, margins undulate and minutely irregular dentate, nerves very inconspicuous 3-4 pairs at an acute angle, midrib inconspicuous 6 inches long 2Â˝ inches wide, petiole very short and thick. Hoya crassior Hochreutiner 1935. Leaves opposite, midsize, petioles short, glabrous, more or less fleshy, channeled above and where united with the blade somewhat glandular; blade very glabrous, very thick and fleshy, the midrib it seems depressed on but sides, otherwise lanceolate, apex a little attenuate-acuminate, base acute, margines entire, secondary nerves inconspicuous, or in juvenile leaflet blade about 3, both sides arching and meeting and with reticulate nerves. Hoya crassipes Turczaninow 1848. leaves petiolate elliptic or obovate, the base attenuate, briefly acuminate, fleshy veinless glabrous. Hoya cumingiana Decaisne 1844. leaves ovate-cordate obtuse somewhat fleshy conspicuously veined papilose velvety with short petioles.

above

glabrous

below

Hoya curtisii King & Gamble 1908. Leaves sessile, very thick; orbicular, abruptly triangular-acuminate at apex, rounded or sometimes orbicular very slightly attenuate at the base; both surfaces scarious-puncticulate when dry; margine thickened; .4 to .7 in. long, .4 to .6 in broad; midrib when dry faint, other nerves invisible; petiole none. Hoya cystiantha Schlechter 1913. Leaves at bases generally acute, obverse oblong or lanceolate acuminate, leathery veined, 3-4 Â˝ inches long. Hoya dalrympleana F. Muell. 1861. = H. australis R. Br. ex Trail. None Hoya darwinii Loher 1910. Normal leaves elliptic oblong, 15-20 cm. long, 5-6 cm. wide, glabrous, leathery, with inconspicuous nerves, briefly petiolate; other leaves bullate, a globose pouch of 4-6 cavities, well closed. Hoya dasyantha Tsiang 1936. Leaves chartaceous, broad ovate, 4-7.5 cm. Long, 3-4.8 cm. wide, shortly acuminate, rounded at the base; nerves slightly elevated on both surfaces, lateral nerves 4-5 pairs, veinlets transverse, conspicuous; glands 4 to 6 in a group above the petiole; petiole 5 mm. long.

Hoya davidcummingii Kloppenburg 1995. Leaf Blade: spreading lanceolate-elliptic, upper surface deep green even olivaceous, glabrous with fine granulation’s, edges rounded and slightly thickened, lighter green below: apex mostly acute turning down, base cuneate, overall thickened and coriaceous, veins not visible but pinnate, 5-7.5 cm. long, widest about the middle 2-2.5 cm. Hoya dennisii P. I. Forster et D. J. Liddle 1993. Leaves petiolate; lamina lanceolate-ovate, coriaceous, up to 72 mm long and 30 mm wide, discolorous, glabrous, venation obscure; upper surface dark green lower surface pale green; tip acuminate; base rounded to cordate petiole 5-7 mm long and c. 0.8 mm diameter, with scattered trichomes colleters 2, at lamina base. Hoya densifolia Turczaninow 1848. leaves somewhat sessile membranaceous densely imbricate elliptic, with short cordate sinus, slightly acute penninerved reticulate glabrous. Hoya deykeae Green 1990. Leaf blade: 5 - 12cm long x 5 - 8cm wide x 2 - 2.5mm thick, matte surface. Petiole 3 - 6 mm diameter x 10 -16 mm long, rough surfaced, tan. Hoya dickasoniana P. T. Li. 1995. leaves opposite even 3 or 4, elliptic or ovate, 9 – 19 mm. x 5 – 10 mm, base broad cuneate or rounded, apex obtuse, glabrous; petiole 1 mm. long. Hoya dictyoneura K. Schumann 1905. leaves briefly petiolate oblong or elliptic or somewhat orbicular acute with the base rounded five nerved both sides glabrous. Hoya dimorpha F. M. Bailey 1898. Leaves thick-coriaceous, oblong-acuminate, slightly cordate at the base; those on the thick portion of the stem exceeding 5 in. in length and 2 in. in breadth; those on the slender ends often cordate and under 2 in. long, glabrous, undersides pale, the gland on the face indicating the attachment of the petiole, beneath often a broad ciliate disk at times mote or less umbonate. Petiole stout, usually less then ½ in. long. Hoya diptera Seemann 1861. leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminate with the base ovate, fleshy, penninerved. Hoya dischorensis Schlechter 1913. Leaves spreading or outspread, shortly petioled, oblong, somewhat obtuse, acuminate, base obtuse, a little fleshy, both sides glabrous, petiole short, slightly grooved above. Hoya diversifolia Blume 1826. Leaves veinless oval acute orbicular fleshy glabrous.

Hoya dodecatheiflora Fosberg 1940. leaves elliptic-lanceolate, thick, unequal, up to 8 cm. long, umbels axillary, many flowered, pedicles slender, 1 cm. long. Hoya dolichosparte Schlechter 1916. loosely leaved, glabrous with numerous wart like lenticels; leaves outspread, petiolate, broadly oval, obtuse, with 5 prominent primary nerves above, both sides glabrous 9-13.5 cm. long, almost 6.5-9 cm. wide at the middle, petiole fleshy 1.5-2 cm. long. Hoya edanoi C. M. Burton 1990. Leaves thick leathery, round or oblong, cordate or nearly (no such Latin word) peltate ? (shield shaped), with the tip round or mucronate 3-7 cm. long x 3-5 cm. wide. Hoya edenii King ex Hooker 1883. Leaves 3-4 by 1- 1 ¾ in., elliptic or obovate-lanceolate, obtusely caudateacuminate, base acute, thinly coriaceous, puberulous or glabrate beneath; petiole 1/12 in. pubescent. Hoya eitapensis Schlechter 1913. Leaves erect, spreading, elliptic, somewhat obtuse, with wedge shaped base, fleshy, glabrous with very short petioles, almost sessile. Hoya elegans Kosteletsky 1917. None Hoya elliptica Hooker f. 1883. leaves 1 ½ - 2 ½ in. elliptic obtuse et both ends thin in texture nerves very prominent, peduncle very short. Hoya elmeri Merrill 1929. leaves opposite, fleshy, when dry leathery, penninerved, somewhat elliptic, 11 to 15 cm long, 5 to 6.5 cm wide, when dry pale, both sides the same color, sparsely covered with small wort-like growths, both ends equally narrow, base acute, apex acute to briefly and obscurely acuminate, primary nerves on both sides of the costa 7, slender, distinct or sometimes somewhat indistinct, curved anastomosing, loosely reticulated; petiole thick, about 1 cm long; fleshy, glabrous 1.3 mm. long. Hoya elmeri Schlechter # 8896 (B). Not published Hoya endauensis Kiew 1989. Foliis glabris ovatis-cordatis apicibus acutis 2 ad 2.5 cm longis et 2 ad 2.5 cm latis a congeneribus.

Hoya engleriana Hosseus 1907. leaves short or shortly petiolate, shortly lanceolate or narrowly ovate-lanceolate, margins curled inward leaves of the species accordingly at first appearing chiefly turned in the direction of the inflorescence, fleshy, white pubescent, nerves above inconspicuously marked, 1.5 cm long, 0.4 cm wide, narrow mobile. Hoya epedunculata Schlechter 1913. well leaved, round, glabrous. Leaves spreading or outspread, petiolate, elliptic, acuminate, somewhat leathery, both sides glabrous, with the peduncle glabrous, moderately thick slightly grooved above. Hoya erythrina Rintz 1978. Leaves coriaceous-fleshy, oblong with strongly corrugate margins and shallowly cordate basis; up to 15 cm long by 5 cm wide; 5-7 veined with a pair of veins parallel to the midrib glossy green or dull red above, red below. Hoya erythrostemma Kerr 1939. Leaves elliptic, base acute, apex mildly acuminate, up to 10 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, when dry papery, glabrous, midrib with the lateral and transverse nerves on both sides especially above, lateral nerves 5-6 pairs at 60Â° from the midrib joining the marginal nerves 3-6 mm. from the margins; petioles moderately robust, glabrous, 3-6 mm. long, above narrowly wedge shaped. Hoya esculenta Tsiang 1936. (H. liangii) have penninerved leaves; the leaves are of the same shape but much smaller. Hoya esquirolii Leveille 1912. None Hoya excavata Teijsmann & Binnendijk 1863. leaves somewhat fleshy, oval-oblong, base rounded, apex briefly apiculateâ&#x20AC;Ś..Leaves opposite 0.15 long 0.09 wide, ovate-oblong, base rounded, or obtuse, apexes rounded, briefly aciculate, somewhat fleshy, above shinny, both sides with 6 nerves, with the petiole callous-glandulous. Hoya exilis Schlechter 1913. Leaves spreading or outspread, elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, long-acuminate, texture for the genus thin, both sides glabrous, petiole glabrous, above slightly grooved. Hoya faoensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2009. Leaves ovate-elliptic shortly apiculate, nerves obscure but pinnate, anastomosing 4-5 cm. long x 2.2 cm. at the widest in the middle, Petiole 0.5-0.7 cm. long, filiform, same color as the stem. Hoya fetuana Kloppenburg 2003.

Leaves short elliptic attenuate 5.3 - 5.5 cm. long, thin but possibly a little fleshy, apex subacute, base rounded 1.2 - 2 cm. at the widest near the middle; midrib narrow, visible below, pinnate netted nerves all the way to the apex. Petioles fine 0.5 cm. long, grooved above. Hoya filiformis Rechinger 1834. Leaves thin visibly reticulate veined, very glabrous bright……… Leaf texture thin, leaf exclusive of the petiole 6 cm long, 2 cm wide, 1 cm near the tapered point turns down. Petioles 8 mm long. Leaves are delicately feather nerved, nevertheless the nerves are distinct on the upper surface and visible on the lower surface, first of all from the median of the leaf bases extend outward in pairs almost to the edge of the leaf. …… Noteworthy through the long twisted apex of the leaf blade and the fine thin texture. Hoya finlaysonii Wight 1834. leaves oblong-lanceolate obtuse acuminate above (dried) reticulate, below somewhat veinless (5-7 inches long 1 ½ -2 wide) petioles short. Hoya fischeriana Warburg 1904. Leaves thick leathery broadly lanceolate 12 - 19 cm. long 1 - 7 cm. wide base and apex acute glabrous 5-nerved, nerves inside almost reaching the apexes, nerve reticulations distinct, petiole 2 - 3.5 cm. long 2 - 3 mm. thick; peduncles about 5 cm. long 2 cm. thick, upper half cylindrical 3 mm. thick. Hoya fitchii Kloppenburg & Siar 2010. Foliage is quintuplinerved, with the second pair of nerves nearly reaching the apex, outer connecting nerves anastomosing Nervation white or lighter green than the leaf blade color. Hoya flagellata Kerr 1940. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, base rounded and minutely eared, with the apex acute, margine more or less revolute, 4.7 - 8.5 cm. long, 2 - 2.5 cm. wide, leathery, when dry pale brown, glabrous except that above it is sometimes provided with minute sparse hairs, midrib scarcely visible above, lateral nerves obscure on both sides; petioles thick, wrinkled, glabrous, 3-5 mm. long. Hoya flavescens Schlechter 1913. loosely leaved, round, glabrous. Leaves spreading or outspread, oblong or lanceolate-oblong acuminate, base somewhat cuneate rounded, fleshy, glabrous, petiole short, somewhat fleshy above lightly grooved. Hoya flavida P.I. Forster et D. J. Liddle 1993. . Leaves glabrous, petiolate; lamina elliptic-ovate, up to 140 mm long and 45 rum wide, discolorous, secondary veins 4 per side of midrib just visible on both surfaces, tertiary venation obscure; upper surface dark green; lower surface pale green; tip acute to short acuminate; base cuneate; petiole grooved along top, 10 - 12 mm long and c.1.5 mm diameter.

Hoya flexuosa Spreng. 1825. leaves cordate oblong veined. Hoya forbesii King & Gamble 1903. Leaves coriaceous when dry; elliptic-oblong or obovate, shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex, rounded at bass; upper surface glabrous, shining; lower surface minutely papillose; both pale brown when dry; margins somewhat recurved; 4 to 7 in. long, 2.5 to 4 in. broad; midrib strong, much raised beneath, bearing on the upper surface a gland just above the petiole; main nerves about 7 pairs, irregular but usually at 40Â° with the midrib, more or less curved and branching; secondary nerves frequent, especially near the top between the main nerves; reticulations transverse, irregular, clearly visible only on the upper surfaces; petiole very thick, bent, articulate in the middle, about 5 in. long. Hoya formosana Yamazaki 1968. Leaves fleshy broadly ovate 7-9cm long 4-5cm wide apex abruptly attenuate base rounded when dry flat very glabrous base near the midrib sparsely rough below glabrous with nerves roughly punctate, primary nerves few 2-3 pairs conspicuously curved, petioles thick 2-3cm long above the beginning of the young shoot roughly punctate otherwise glabrous. Hoya fraterna Blume 1849. leaves leathery ovate-oblong elliptic acuminate base rounded somewhat veined above the petiole callous-glandulose. Hoya fungii Merrill 1934. leaves leathery, penninerved, elliptic to oblong, 8 to 14 cm. long, 4.5 to 8 cm. wide, when dry pale, opaque, both sides glabris uniform color or below a little paler, apexes acute and shortly acuminate, base rounded, midrib thick, below strongly elevated, lateral nerves on both sides about 7, not at all evident, arched meeting at the margins, about 30Â° angle with the midrib, reticulations loose, obscure; petiole 1.5 to 3 cm. long, glabrous. Hoya fusca Wallich 1831. leaves oblong, acuminate. Leaves approximately opposite, very outspread, strongly thick and leathery, firm, flat, oblong narrowly acuminate Â˝ inch terminal, margins parallel convex, base obtuse, above purple veined, shinny on both sides of the petiole insertion a gland withered (at this place a solitary cilia) below flat, somewhat green, midrib very much elevated, various transverse nerves, capillaries near the margins anastomosing, 6 to 7 inches. Hoya fuscomarginata N. E. Brown 1910. Leaves thick fleshy; blade 17-22 cm. long, 7-8 cm. wide. ovate-lanceolate, sometimes slightly oblique, acute or gradually somewhat acuminate, obtuse or somewhat wedge-shaped, 3-5 nerves, glabrous, green, margins dark brown; petioles 2.5-4.5 cm. long, 7 mm. thick.

Hoya gigantangensis Kloppenburg 1992. Leaf Blade: 11-16 cm. x 2.4- 2 cm., pinnate venation, both surfaces glabrous. Petiole: heavy, curved 1.3-1.6 cm. long, probably grooved above. Hoya gildingii Kloppenburg. linear lanceolate opposite leaves, lax or with the petioles upright along the stem. Hoya glabra Schlechter 1908. loosely leaved; leaves outspread ovate acuminate, base rounded, glabrous, fleshy texture, 14â&#x20AC;&#x201D;16 cm long in the middle 7.5â&#x20AC;&#x201D;9.5 cm wide, 3 primary nerves especially conspicuous, petiole thick 2.5â&#x20AC;&#x201D;3.2 cm long. Hoya globiflora Ridley 1915. Leaves ovate subacute with rounded bases 6.5 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, nerves 3 pairs and nerrules few visible when dry, one pair from the base ascending, the others short horizontal soon broken up, petiole very thick, 6 mm. long. Hoya globosa LeConte 1912. None Hoya globulifera Blume 1849. leaves almost sessile and ovate elliptic acute with the base rounded fleshy flat lightly veined above toward the base large white spots below punctate. Hoya globulosa Hooker 1883. leaves 5-7 in. long-petioled elliptic or oblong cuspidate or acuminate base rounded midrib very stout, nerves distinct, peduncle long. Hoya golamcoana Kloppenburg 1991. The leaves are 5.3 cm. long and 2.7 cm. wide at the widest portion, enervis, although in dried specimens the midrib and five pairs of pinnate nerves are visible. It is a densely leaved hanging vine with almost sessile petioles, 0.3 cm. long. Hoya gonoloboides Regel 1883. Leaves membranaceous, penninerved, reticulately veined, cordate ovate, acuminate, petiolate, both sides with long ascending hairs, hairs below on the nerves. Petioles and pedicels also with long hispid hairs. Hoya gracilipes Schlechter 1905. leaves spreading outspread, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, both sides glabrous, texture leathery, shortly petiolate, 7.5-10 cm. long, below the middle 2-3 cm. wide. petiole 0.4-0.7 cm. long. Hoya gracilis Schlechter 1908.

loosely leaved, rooting; leaves shortly petioled spreading, lanceolate-elliptical acute or somewhat obtuse, base cuneate, glabrous, lucid, texture thick leathery, 5.5-7.5 cm long, in the middle almost 1.8-2.3 cm. wide. Petiole somewhat thicker 0.5-1 cm. Hoya grandiflora Blume ex Decaisne 1844. leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong base rounded apexes abruptly and shortly acuminate pubescent above somewhat soft and scattered below densely tomentose velvety reddish (When dried?). Hoya grandiflora Sprengel 1825. Hoya leaves cordate-ovate acute. Hoya graveolens Kerr 1939. Leaves oblong-elliptic or oblong oblanceolate, base broad wedge shaped or rounded, apex briefly acuminate, margins flat, 5 to 8.3 cm. long, 2 to 4.8 cm. wide, leathery, glabrous, midrib above sunken below almost flat, lateral nerves 4 to 5 pairs often ascending with an angle of 60° difficult to observe; petioles 4 to 6 mm. long, thick, above concave, glabrous. Hoya greenii Kloppenburg 1995. the veins of the leaves of this species are perpendicular to the midrib and finely reticulate, whereas those of Hoya darwinii Loher are at 45 degrees to the midrib, venation in neither is prominent………. Leaf blade: 12-15 cm. long x 3-4 cm. wide, narrowly elliptic, both surfaces glabrous, dull, very dark green, above slightly channeled along the midrib area, lighter green below. 10 +/- pairs of veins perpendicular to the midrib, somewhat obscure, with fine secondary reticulate venation with the base tapered acuminate, outer apex curved under acuminate, rigid. Hoya griffithii Hooker 1883. Leaves distant, 1-2 in. diam., midrib stout, nerves quite obscure in some, in others distinct and forming large areoles; petiole ½ - 1 in.. very thick. Hoya gymnanthera Wight 1834. The specimen of this plant which I have seen are leafless. Hoya hainanensis Merrill 1923. leaves when dry papery, ovate-elliptic, penninerved, opposite, 6 to 8 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm broad, both ends somewhat equally narrow, apex acuminate, base acute, nerves about 4 on both sides slender, obscure, almost oblique, reticulations loosely arranged, inconspicuous; petiole 8 to 10 mm long. Hoya halconensis Kloppenburg 1990. Foliage 9-12.5 cm. x 4-6 cm. with most small, spreading, glabrous, base broadly rounded, rather rectangular tapering slightly to the mucronate apex. Midrib visible above and below, lateral nerves obscure.

Hoya halophila Schlechter 1913. Leaves spreading or outspread, petiolate, broadly ovate or somewhat round-ovate, briefly acuminate, base very obtuse, both sides glabrous, lucid above, opaque below, fleshy. Hoya hasseltii Miquel 1849. leaves ovate acute or acuminate base somewhat cordate margines somewhat wavy glabris below white-punctate. Hoya hellwigiana Warburg 1907. leaves cuneate-lanceolate or oblong 9 to 15 cm long, apex and base acute thickly leathery, veins on both sides about 2 ascending almost entirely inconspicuous. Hoya heuschkeliana Kloppenburg 1989. Leaves without nerves, petiolate, ovate-elliptic obtuse, base wedge-shaped, fleshy, on the back puberulous both sides punctate (pustulous or granulate) 2 to 5 cm. long, in the middle 0.5 to 2 cm. wide, above convex. Petioles curved about 0.2 cm. long. Hoya heuschkeliana subsp. cajanoae Kloppenburg & Siar 2007. Foliage: opposite, ovate 2.5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 4.8 x 1.9 -2.9 cm. glabrous, flat with edges slightly rolled under, lower surface finely circular granulate (pustulate). Petiole curved 0.8 cm. long , terete, glabrous with a grove above near leaf blade. Hoya hookeriana Wight 1834. leaves fleshy oblong-lanceolate 2 nerved (6 to 10 inches long 1 to 1 Â˝ wide). Hoya hypolasia Schlechter 1913. Leaves spreading or outspread, petiolate, lanceolate, acuminate, base somewhat cordate, leathery texture, glabrous above, lucid, shortly and densely puberulous below, petiole grooved above, very shortly and softly puberulous. Hoya imbricata Decaisne 1844. leaves aborted alternately unilaterally, imbricate orbicular above convex veinless below veined with reflexed margins. Hoya imperialis Lindley 1846. leaves leathery narrowly oblong, ciliate, glabrous, without veins, apiculate, recurved apex with the base rounded or slightly cordate, peduncles tomentose, leaves hanging and small. Hoya inconspicua Hemsley 1894. Leaves of primary flowering branches often reduced to filiform rootlike filaments; secondary leaf branchlets strongly abbreviated often erupt from the axils (?) bearing a single pair of leaves, one nearly reduced, briefly petiolate, thickly leathery or somewhat fleshy narrowly lanceolate.

Hoya incrassata Warburg 1904. leaves thick and coriaceous, ovate to oblong, 9-14 cm. long, 5-6 cm. wide, bases rounded or a little subcordate, apexes acuminate, acute, glabrous and shiny above, costa beneath prominent, veins on both sides, 4-5 spreading, curving and meeting before reaching the margins. Hoya incurvula Schlechter 1916. loosely leaved; leaves outspread petiolate, ovate elliptic, obtuse, fleshy, glabrous, margins thickened below, 2.5-4 cm. long, above the middle 1.2-2 cm. wide, petiole fleshy, thick 3-5 mm. long. Hoya inflata (P. I. Forst., Liddle & I. M. Liddle) 2007. fleshy leaves. Hoya intermedia Schlechter 1913. not published Leaf blades: thin many in close clusters 6-10 cm. mostly 7.5 cm. long. glabrous, narrowly elliptic, thick base narrowing into petiole, apex acute long tapering to sub rounded. Waxy rounded leaf edge. Petiole 1-1.5 cm long, thin. Hoya intermedia A. C. Smith 1942. leaves; petioles thick (about 3 mm. In diameter) when dry very rugose 10 to 20 mm Long; blades fleshy oblong, 8 to 12 cm. long 2 to 4.5 cm. wide, base obtuse, apex somewhat acute, penninerved, midrib above lightly impressed below prominent, secondary nerves on both sides 5 to 7 ascending often sometimes immersed, both sides prominent, vein sometimes prominent on both sides. Hoya ischnopus Schlechter 1913. None. Hoya juannguoana Kloppenburg 2002. leaves, obovate to ovate-lanceolate, base cuneate, edges entire, with apiculate acute apex. Blades usually somewhat cupped, waxy medium green upper surface, lighter beneath. Pinnate venation 3 veins on either side of midrib not readily visible (in contrast to those of H. finlaysonii Wight) 4 ½” – 6” long 2- 2 ½” widest near the middle or beyond. Nodal length variable, stems corky, tan colored, new growth rose bronze, the whole plant glabrous. Hoya kanyakumariana Henry & Swaminathan 1978. Leaves 1.5-3.3 x 1.5-2.2 cm, obovate to obcordate, entire, fleshy, glabrous, rounded or emarginate at apex, tapering at base; mid and lateral nerves obscure; petioles 2-6 mm long, thick. Hoya kastbergii Kloppenburg 2003. Leaves: nearly round 6 cm. long x 4.5 cm. wide, with variation, nerves obscure, glabrous, medium green.

Hoya kenejiana Schlechter 1913. 40

loosely leaved, round, glabrous. Leaves spreading or outspread, petioled, narrowly oblong, somewhat obtuse, base rounded, fleshy, both sides glabrous, with a short petiole, lightly grooved above. Hoya kentiana Burton 1991. Folia 3-12 cm. longs X 0.8-1.5 cm. late, utrinque acuti; petioli ½ -1 cm longi. Hoya kerrii Craib 1911. Leaves opposite, obovate or orbicular, apex bilobed lobes rounded, base broadly wedge-shaped or somewhat rounded 4 to 12 cm. long, 5 to 9.5 cm wide, thickly fleshy, both surfaces glabrous, margins turner under; petiole 5 to 15 mm. long, 5 mm. thick. Hoya keysii Bailey 1884. Leaves ovate-cordate 1 to l 1/2 inches long, 3/4 to 1 inch wide, thick, fleshy, prominently penninerved; conspicuously anastomosing within the margin. Hoya kingdonwardii P. T. Li 1994. leaves opposite, succulent, elliptic, 1 – 1.7 cm x 0.5 – 1 cm, both ends acute, glabrous; petiole 1 mm. long. Hoya kloppenburgii Green 2001. opposite, lanceolate leaves, matte, dark green upper surface with occasional flecking, erose, heavy, thickened edge to blade, underside dull purple with 2-4 mm green edge, 10 – 21 cm long and 4 - 5 cm wide, apex acute base cuneate. Pinnately veined, with secondary veins at 45 60 degrees to midvein, nearly obscure. Petiole curved, 0.7 cm long and 0.4 cm in diameter.

Hoya klossii Moore 1916. Leaves with short petioles, ovate, fairly long cordate-acuminate, apex obtuse, somewhat rounded, margines recurved, leathery, glabrous, surface skin shiny and (especially the upper surface) with prominent reticulate nerves, 4 to 6 by 1.5 to 2.5 cm. Hoya krohniana Kloppenburg 2009. Small cordate deep green opposite foliage, glabrous. With pinnate nervation, apex apiculate.

Hoya kuhlii Koorders 1912. Leaves lanceolate acuminate, base narrow: Hoya kwangsiensis Tsiang et P. T. Li 1974. leaves long lanceolate up to 17 cm long and flowers much larger 3 cm in diameter. Leaves fleshy and leathery long lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong 8 to 17 cm long and 2 to 4 cm wide, margines slightly recurved, midrib on both sides nearly free of nerves and at other times not at all obscure, petioles strong grooved above 1 to 2 cm long apex with small blackish gland. Hoya lactea S. Moore 1914.

leaves petiolate oblong-ovate with the apex rounded, sometimes itself briefly acute and cuspidate with a rounded base very slightly cordate thick leathery both sides glabrous. Hoya lacuna Wight ex Don 1837. foliis coriacco-membrannaccis cordatis ovatisve acuminatis supra pubescentibus subtis velutinis. Hoya lacunosa Blume 1826. leaves veinless ovate acuminate glabrous laciness above beneath convex. Hoya lambii Green 2000. leaves opposite, elliptic with apiculate tips and prominent palmate venation, substance papery, with a matte surface…….. Leaf blade: Elliptic, 10-15cm long x 610cm wide x 1mm thick, matte surface, light green. Leaf venation: Palmate Petiole: 45mm diameter x 10 -15mm long, rough surfaced, tan and green. Hoya lamingtoniae Bailey 1898. Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, scarcely exceeding 1 in. wide, of rather pale-green, the gland on the face indicating the position of the attachment of the petiole somewhat raised; lateral nerves few, very oblique, triplinerved at the base, glabrous on both sides, the underside more or less speckled with purple. Petiole 3 or 4 lines long. Hoya lanceolata Wallich ex Don 1825. leaves lanceolate acuminate glabrous. Hoya lanceolaria Moore 1916. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate-oblong, above ending in a tale or attenuate, apex obtuse, base obtuse briefly rounded, decidedly nerved, fleshy-leathery, both surfaces glabrous, 5.5 to 7.5 by 1.3 to 2.9 cm. peduncles shorter than the leaves. Hoya lancilimba Merrill 1932. leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, flashy, leathery 11 to 14 cm. long 2.5 to 3.5 cm. wide, both ends somewhat equally narrow, base acute, apex acute acuminate, in the dry state pale, wrinkled, with few primary nerves on either side, spreading, obscure arching and anastomosing; petioles thick, 2 to 3 cm. long. Hoya landgrantensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2008 the foliage is lanceolate-elliptic 8.8 cm. long, 3 cm. at widest near middle apex acuminate, base narrowly obtuse; triplinerved 2 near base and 2 further up midrib, angle with midrib 15° first pair 17° second pair. Upper side convex, surface finely granulate, dull, lower surface concave, edges sharp, surface finely punctate slightly lighter color than the dorsal. Hoya lantsangensis Tsiang et P. T. Li 1974. (This is not a hoya)

Hoya lasiantha Blume ex Korthals 1849. Leaves ovate briefly cuspidate with obscure veins. Hoya latifolia G. Don 1838. leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, obtuse or sub-cordate at the base, 3-nerved, fleshy, glabrous. Hoya latifolia subsp. kinabaluensis Burton 1991 Hoya lasigynostegia P. T. Li 1984. Leaves fleshy when dry, thick paper like, ovate lanceolate 4.5-7 cm. long 1-2.7 cm. wide, apex caudate (tail like) base rounded, above both sides flattened with lateral nerves 4-5 pairs curved ascending anastomosing far from the margines, petiole fleshy 2-4 mm long puberulous becoming glabrous, apex provided with a small brownish gland. Hoya laurifolia Decaisne 1838. leaves lanceolate oblong lanceolate, above petiole glandular margins somewhat reflexed undulate leathery very glabrous. Hoya laurifolia Miquel 1838. leaves lanceolate oblong lanceolate, above petiole glandular margins somewhat reflexed undulate leathery very glabrous. Hoya laurifoliopsis Hochreutiner 1936. Leaves not very fleshy, but nevertheless more or less coriaceous, opposite; petioles glabrous, lenticellate, more or less laterally compressed; leaves very glabrous, elliptic, margins entire and a very little revolute, apexes long acuminate, acute, bases long attenuate and toward ( the margins revolute acuminate. At the leaf base where the petiole meets it, probably glandular. Dried midrib and secondary nerves (about 5 on both sides) more or less conspicuous. Hoya lazaroii Kloppenburg & Siar 2007. Foliage: Glabrous, narrowly elliptic, apex acute, base cuneate to sub-rounded, enervis length 11.0 cm. and 2.8 cm. wide. Hoya leembruggeniana Koorders & Schumacher 1911. Leaves elliptic-oblong, obovate-oblong or rhomboid-oblong, fleshy, glabrous, base wedge shaped, apex acute or somewhat acuminate, base one nerved, secondary nerves very obscure, 4 to 6 Â˝ cm wide. Petiole thickened, Â˝ to 1 cm long, glabrous. Hoya leucantha S. Moore 1916. Leaves among the smallest, shortly petioled, lanceolate, acuminate, base obtuse slightly rounded margines recurved, leathery, both sides glabrous, 3.5 to 4.5 cm. long, near the base 8 to 10 mm. broad.

Hoya leucorhoda Schlechter 1913. Leaves spreading or outspread, petiolate, ovate acuminate, base rounded, texture leathery, both sides glabrous. Hoya leytensis Elmer ex Burton. Leaves coriaceous and subglaucous, more or less persistent, glabrous, opposite or in subwhorles at the ends of abortive branchlets, quite variable in size and shape, entire, narrowly oblong to rotund, most of them are from 2-3.5 cm. long and from 6-10 mm. wide across the middle or widest portion, the rotund ones measure 10 by 12 mm., the normal or the oblong blades equally tapering toward both ends, obtuse to subacute or even rounded for the smaller rotund to elliptic blades which are in the minority, flat, grayish to brown on my dry specimen; midrib quite fine or obscure, plainer on the lower surface, lateral nerves none, only the upper side marked with faint transverse lines; petioles 3-5 mm. long or much shorter, dark brown, crinkle rugose when dry, leaving orbicular flat scares upon falling Hoya liangii Tsiang 1936. Leaves fleshy obovate or obovate-oblong 4.5 to 7.5 cm. long 3 to 4.5 cm. wide, apex rounded or obtuse, base somewhat cordate or rounded, above shiny green below dull when dry pale yellow, lateral nerves 4 in pairs, veins faint, above the petiole 2 to 5 glands, petiole thick 1.5 cm. long. Hoya lii Burton 1991. Hoya limoniaca S. Moore 1921. leaves far apart, moderately thick; leaves 7 to 8 by 3 to 3.5 cm., petiolate (petiole all 15 mm. long) ovate, attenuate towards the apex the apex itself obtuse, base rounded-obtuse, 5 nerved, moderately thick, leathery. Hoya linavergarae Kloppenburg & Siar 2006. The growth of this plant is similar to Hoya cembra Kloppenburg, Hoya odorata Schlechter and Hoya paziae Kloppenburg except here the leaves are more undulant and rigid reminding me of a holly leaf. Foliage opposite, glabrous blade 4-5 x 1.1-2.7 cm. Hoya lindaueana Koorders 1911. Leaves opposite, elliptic, when dried lead gray, bases acute, apexes shortly-somewhat-minutely-acuminate, 3-plinerved (or indistinctly 5-plinerved) 12-21 cm long and 5-10 cm wide, glabrous. Petiole 2-2.5 cm long, glabrous. Hoya linearis Wallich 1825. leaves lanceolate obtuse fleshy both sides stem-like filiform densely pilose. Three times smaller than above (H. lanceolata) and more slender. Hoya lipoensis P. T. Li 1985.

Leaves long elliptic, 9 to 15 cm long by 3 to 5 cm wide, apex caudate, cauda 1.5 cm long curved, base wedge-shaped asymmetrical, lateral nerves parallel 10 to 12 pairs, prominent above, obscure below, anastomosing near the margins. Petiole 1 cm long. Hoya litoralis Schlechter 1905. loosely leaved, with aerial roots; leaves outspread , spreading, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, with the base generally narrowing to the petiole, both surfaces glabrous, texture thickly leathery, 4.5-7 cm. long, near the middle 1.3-2.2 cm. wide, petiole about 0.7 cm long. Hoya lobii Hooker 1883. leaves 2-3 in. subsessile elliptic or ovate acute or ovate acuminate very fleshy, nerves 6-8 pairs arched spreading…………. Leaves 1-2 in. diam., base narrowly cordate; midrib rather slender. Hoya loheri Kloppenburg 1991. Leaf blade: 2.6-4.4 cm. long, subovate, enervis, glabrous 1.2 cm. at the widest. Petiole: c. 0.5 cm. long 0.15 cm. in diameter, grooved above, bare, rugose. Hoya longifolia Miquel 1857. leaves at the base somewhat wedge-shaped otherwise obtuse oblong lanceolate, acuminate, fleshy glabrous 4 to 2 inches long, peduncles somewhat germinal multiflowered. Hoya loyceandrewsiana Green 1994. loosely leafed with flat to conduplicate leaf blades, 10-20 cm wide, 15-25 cm long; leaf petiole 1 cm thick x 1x 8 cm long with a thick callus on the dorsal side at the blade attachment; leaf blade thick, 2 to 5 mm, ovate to widely cordate with acute tip and obtuse to cordate base; palmately veined with 3 major veins, 2 secondary palmate veins and network of tertiary veins. Hoya lucardenasiana Kloppenburg & Siar 2008 Leaves: ovate 5.5 cm. long and 3.8 cm. at the widest, glabrous, pinnately nerves +/- 7 pairs on either side of midrib, not visible normally, surface cupped, above smooth, underside finely punctate and lighter color. Petiole curved 1.3 cm. long 0.25 cm. in diameter, hirsute, deeply grooved above narrowly round point at leaf base and one semicircular gland. Hoya lucyae Kloppenburg & Siar 2006. Leaves narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, margins entire not revolute, somewhat concave above, Enervis, base cuneate, widest toward the outer apex that is acute, fine scattered hair cells especially on new growth on blade, stems, and petioles, all surfaces. Blades 6-10 cm. long and 1.8 – 2.0 at the widest. Glossy deep waxy green above, lighter and more dull on the under surface. Petioles: straight or curved, terete, 0.25 cm. in diameter, 1.5 – 2 cm. long, with small gland at blade juncture or none, matt finish.

Hoya lutea Decaisne 1844. leaves elliptic, base and apex round or at apex acuminated, briefly terminated, fleshy, lightly veined and cupped below, glabrous as in the preceding (ariadna) but a little smaller and rounder, pale green. Hoya luzonica Schlechter 1904. leaves far apart; with the leaves outspread oblong obtuse or acute; both surfaces glabrous, leathery-fleshy about 9-13 cm. long, in the middle almost 5-6 cm. wide, petiole somewhat fleshy, glabrous 1.5-2 cm. long. Hoya lyi Leveille 1907. opposite leaves, leathery on both sides corrugated and pubescent, broad green, margins entire, margins revolute, ovate-lanceolate, one nerved, at the apex and base obtuse shortly petioled. Hoya macgillivrayi Bailey 1914. Leaves subcoriaceous, about 4 in. long, 2 in. broad across the blunt cordate base, from which it tapers to an acuminate apex; margins recurved; nervation seen under a lens quite dense, the nerves alone prominent and only a few of these conspicuous. Petioles under 1 in. long, minutely glandular at its junction with the lamina. Hoya macgregorii Schlechter 1906. Leaves widely spread, lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate, glabrous coriaceous; 7-11 cm. long 2.5 -3.5 cm. wide in the middle, triplinerved. Petiole fleshy, almost terete, glabrous, 1-1.5 cm. long. Hoya macrophylla Blume 1826. leaves trinerved ovate or ovate-oblong acuminate fleshy. Hoya macrophylla Wight 1834. leaves broad ovate acuminate base obtuse somewhat cordate 3 nerved fleshy glabrous (7 to 10 inches long 4 to 10 wide). Hoya magniflora P. T. Li = Hoya grandiflora Blume Not a hoya Hoya maingayi Hooker 1883. Leaves very thick, fleshy, coriaceous when dry; elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, long acuminately narrowed at base; both surfaces glabrous, dull when dry; margins recurved; 7 to 9 in. long, 2.5 to 3.5 in. broad; midrib slender but prominent when dry, with a gland or enlargement at the base above the petiole; main nerves about 5 pairs, prominent when dry, especially above, at about 60째 to 70째 with the midrib, nearly straight at first, then branching and forming a rough intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves few; reticulations irregular, distant; petiole thick, .25 to .5 in. long.

Hoya manipurensis Deb 1955. Leaves simple, opposite, decussate, thick, coriaceous, puberulous, exstipulate, petiolate, obovate, truncate, pale gray in colour; veins obscure 3-5, at first parallel then diverging, apex slightly depressed and mucronate; base acute attenuated; margin entire; petioles pubescent, 2-4 mm. long, 2-2.5 cm broad at the broadest region. Hoya marginata Schlechter 1905. loosely leafed, rooting; leaves spreading, elliptic-ovate, acuminate, both sides glabrous, thick leathery, 5-7 nerved, with nerves almost fan shaped, ornate, 13-17cm long, in the middle 5.5 - 10 cm broad, petiole thick, up to 4cm long. Hoya matavanuensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2009 Leaves glabrous, elliptic, attenuate apex 2.5 -5 cm. long, 1 - 1.5 cm. wide; nerves obscurely pinnate, finely netted, whole plant here fine and delicate with relatively long peduncles & large flowers. Petioles glabrous, 0.5 -0.7 cm. long ca 0.1 cm. in diameter, grooved above. Hoya maxima (Karsten) Koorders 1920. leaf-base is very united fused folded together or Âą fragile and sometimes, profoundly (heart-shaped). Hoya maxima Teijsmann & Binnendijk 1863. leaves thick fleshy, elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate, bases rounded, both sides glabrous, margins reflexed, petiole thick. Hoya megalantha Turrill 1915. Leaves elliptic-ovate, apexes attenuate acuminate, bases rounded, up to 6.5 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, entirely, glabrous, somewhat leathery, not very fleshy, midrib impressed above, prominent below, about 5 lateral nerves on both sides, somewhat prominent on both surfaces, as are the transverse reticulations; petiole about 1 cm. long, round glabrous. Hoya megalaster Warburg 1901. None Hoya mekongensis M. G. Gilbert & P. T. Li. leaf blade oblong-oblanceolate, 10-133 x 4-5 cm, minutely hairy, base rounded, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate; lateral veins ca. 7 pairs, obscure. Hoya meliflua Blanco ex Merrill 1837. Opposite leaved, oblong, round, somewhat fleshy, hairless without veins with a gland at the base. Hoya meliflua subsp. fraterna Green 1995. Leaves may attain 40 cm in length and 15 cm, in width.

Hoya memoria Kloppenburg sp. nova 2004. leaves shortly petioled, elliptic-lanceolate, base cuneate glabrous.

Hoya membranifolia Costantin 1912. Leaves lanceolees, attenuated in corner or a little rounded toward the basis, acuminate, very sharp to the top, very thin, translucent on the edges, glabrous; prominent median rib underneath; nerves secondary 5 pairs, inserted perpendicularly from the median rib but immediately arching themselves toward the top and coming 1 mm. from the sides of the leaf; limb 7-12 cm. long on 14-32 mm. glabrous lateral, stalked Hoya mengtzeensis Tsiang & Li 1974. . Foliage thinner than general, lanceolate, apexes acuminate, base attenuate and running down into the petiole 6-11 cm long, 1.5 -2 cm broad, midrib impressed above, nerves and veinlets when dried rugose, petioles 1-2 cm long provided with 2-3 small bunched glands at apex. Hoya meredithii Green 1989. loosely, appositely leaved (sometimes lacking the twin of a pair); leaf open, with undulate margins, ovate with acuminate tip, obtuse base, subauriculate, with one large gland, hard and rigid blade; 7.5 to 18 cm. wide by 12 to 30 cm. long; petiole hard and thick, 8 mm. in diameter by 2.5 - 3 cm long, twisted; leaf venation pinnate, with 8 - 12 secondary veins ending in reticulations, showy, all veins dark green against a light blade. Hoya merrillii Schlechter 1904. leaves far apart, fleshy; leaves outspread, ovate acuminate, fleshy, both sides glabrous, with 5 prominent nerves when dry, 6-9 cm. long, below the middle 5-6 cm. wide; petiole short fleshy, 1.5-2 cm. long. Hoya micrantha Hooker f. 1883. leaves ovate or elliptic lanceolate acute thick and fleshy, margins flat. Hoya microphylla Schlechter 1913. loosely leafed, round, sparsely puberulous, erect, spreading, ovate, somewhat obtuse, margins recurved, reticulated nerves, leathery, on both sides glabrous; petiole puberulous above lightly furrowed. Hoya microstemma Schlechter 1913. Leaves spreading or outspread, shortly petioled, elliptic, obtuse, wedge shaped base, fleshy, both sides glabrous. Hoya minahassae Schlechter 1916. loosely leafed; leaves petiolate, spreading, elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, obtuse or almost obtuse, bases wedge-shaped fleshy, both aides glabrous, 4-7 cm long, in the middle almost 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, petiole thick 7- 10 mm long. Hoya mindanaensis Elmer 1938.

Leaves opposite, persistent, scattered, mainly descending, thickly coriaceous, yellowish green beneath, tips recurred, otherwise nearly flat or only the entire margins slightly imbricate, also glabrous and smooth, curing subolivaceus on both sides, oblong or more often ovately oblong, base broadly rounded and sometimes obscurely emarginate, the upper portion of the laminae gradually tapering into the acute to subacuminate apex, the average blades 15 cm long by 6 cm wide across the middle or a trifle below it, persistent; midrib thick and pronounced beneath clear into the apex and olivaceus in color, on the upper face deeply and narrowly grooved, totally glabrous on both surfaces; nerves faint, 3 to 5 on each side of the midrib, slightly ascending and straight, forked from above the middle and reticulately united, sometimes with secondary nerves in between, reticulations coarse and only visible from beneath; petioles up to 2 cm in length, blackish brown on my dried specimen, also thick, rugose, glabrous, calculate along the upper side, persistent, leaving a triangularly shaped scar after falling. Hoya mindorensis Schlechter 1906. loosely leaved, with the leaves outspread or spreading, oblanceolate-elliptic, shortly acuminate, glabrous, leathery textured 9-12 cm. long, above the middle 3.5-4.5 cm. wide, with the petiole thick, somewhat terete (circular), 2-2.5 cm. long. Hoya mindorensis subsp. superba Kloppenburg 2005. None. Hoya minima Costantin 1912. Leave glabrous, opposite, lanceolate, very small, thin, attenuate at the base, acuminate at the apex, wrinkled, reticulate in dry state; nerves not apparent except when light shines through; secondary nerves not visible, very oblique, towards the top, 4 to 5.5 cm long by 7 to 10 mm wide; petiole 5 to 5 mm, glabrous. Hoya mitrata Kerr 1940. Leaves oblanceolate or elliptic, base rounded and lightly eared, apexes briefly acuminate, margins flat, 6.5 to l2 cm long, 4.7 to 6 cm wide, leathery, dried gray, glabrous, above shining, beneath opaque, costa above concave, below prominent, lateral nerves 5-6 pairs towards margins very arching and 5-6 mm from margins anastomosing with network veining prominent on both sides; petioles 6-8 mm long, above concave, glabrous. Hoya monetteae Green 2004. Allied to Hoya diversifolia Blume but differing in that the foliage larger 20 cm. x 10 cm versus 5-10 cm. x 3.75-7.25cm.and flowers larger 2cm in diameter verses 1.3cm, and with clear sap versus milky.

Hoya montana Schlechter 1913. Leaves erect-spreading or outspread, shortly petiolate, oblong-elliptic, shortly and somewhat obtusely acuminate, bases obtuse, somewhat fleshy, both sides glabrous, petioles very short, above lightly grooved. Hoya motoskei Teijsmann & Binnendijk 1836. (not from Type description). 49

leaves fleshy, ovate-rounded, acute, base slightly cordate, margins reflexed, glabrous above, pubescent below, with long petioles. Hoya mucronulata Warburg 1901. (not from Type description). leaves leathery oblong 6 to 12 cm, long, 3 to 5 cm. wide rounded on both ends, apex sometimes briefly, obliquely mucronulate, glabrous on both sides, above on midrib minutely glandular, veins on both sides 7 to oblique long, meeting and joining at the margins. Hoya multiflora Blume 1823. leaves somewhat leathery veined wedge-shaped oblong or oblong-lanceolate glabrous below paler, stiff hairs at base. Hoya myanmarica P. T. Li 1995. leaves opposite, succulent, oblong 4.1 – 16 cm. x 1 – 3.3 cm. base cuneate or rounded, apex acuminate; petioles 2 – 3 mm. long, apex with 2 or 3 glands, umbel terminal, 6-8 cm. long. Hoya myrmecopa Kleijn & van Donkelaar 1999. Leaves 2.5--7.5 cm long, ovate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, venation obscure. Petioles 0.5--1.5 cm long. Hoya nabawanensis Kloppenburg & Wiberg 2002. Opposite leaved, fleshy, petioles curved to slightly bent, terete, 5-6 times shorter than the leaf blade, 1 cm. long, glabrous. Blades ovate to ovate- lanceolate apex acute to somewhat apiculate, flat to slightly curved down at the apex, deep green, under-sides slightly lighter in color; glabrous 6 - 10 cm. long by 2.5 - 4 cm. wide, pinnately veined about 4 on each side of the midrib at 45 degrees to it, midrib slightly raised on the upper side, edges entire, texture thick and leathery, sap milky white. Hoya naumanii Schlechter 1908. loosely leaved; leaves petiolate spreading outspread, broadly elliptic, widely apiculate, with the base somewhat cordate-rounded both sides glabrous, about 10 cm. long, near the middle about 7.5 cm. wide, petiole somewhat thickened, about 2 cm. long. Hoya neocaledonica Schlechter 1906. loosely leaved, with the leaves erect-spreading very outspread, ovate or ovateoblong acuminate, both sides glabrous, texture fleshy, 3 primary nerves very conspicuous above on the herbarium specimen (dried), petiolate, blade 5-9 cm long, in the middle and below the middle 3-5 cm. wide, petiole fleshy, round 1-2 cm. long. Hoya neoebudica Guillaumin 1937. leaves 3 to 4 together, lanceolate (7 to 9 cm. by 3-3.5 cm.), base wedge-shaped, apexes acute acuminate, glabrous, fleshy, 5 ply nerves, petiole 1 to 1.5 cm. long. Hoya nervosa Tsiang et P. T. Li 1974.

Leaves large ovate or ovate-oblong 8.5 to 17 cm long 4 to 6.3 cm wide, apexes acute or shortly acuminate and bases rounded, costa nerves and veins very conspicuous; lateral nerves 5 to 6 pairs arching-ascending anastomosing next to margins veins reticulate, petiole strong 1 to 2 cm long with a few glands at apex, 2 to 3 together. Hoya nicholsoniae Mueller 1866. leaves ovate acuminate, somewhat fleshy, flat, 5-nerved, reticulate-veined; petiole often longer. Hoya nicobarica R. Brown ex Traill 1827. (I do not have original text) leaves ovate-lanceolate. Hoya nummularia Decaisne ex Hooker 1883. leaves very small orbicular shining. Hoya nummularioides Costantin 1912. Leaves fleshy, small, rounded or oval, but with the apex obtuse and apiculate, very pubescent on both surfaces; nerves not visible; blades 9-16 mm., by 12-25 mm. long; petiole pubescent, 2-5 mm. long. Hoya nuuuliensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2009. Leaves, glabrous, thick wrinkled, elliptic, trinerved indistinct 6.8 cm. long , ca. 2 cm. wide, apex acute, base cuneate. Petiole glabrous, thick 1 cm. long (cannot see a groove above). Hoya nyhuusiae Kloppenburg 2003. None. Hoya obcordata Hooker 1883. leaves obcordate or obreniform, â&#x20AC;ŚLeaves Â˝ in. long, sometimes broader than long, lobes rounded, sinus acute, base rounded or subacute, rather thin, opaque, nerves obscurely reticulate; petiole 1/16- 1/15 in. Hoya oblanceolata Hooker 1883. leaves 4-6 in. narrowly oblanceolate acuminate very fleshy. Hoya oblongacutifolia Costantin 1912. Leaves glabrous, ovate-oblong, or lanceolate, pointed at base, acute or acuminate at apex, as a rule not very fleshy but nevertheless sometimes thick; secondary nerves 4-6 pairs, prominent, at 80Â° arching and running together as 1 nerve at margins. Leaves 5-8 cm by 2.5-3 cm; petiole 4-8 mm long. Hoya obovata Decaisne 1844. leaves obovate apexes rounded or rarely emarginate, bases thick attenuate, towards the petioles a callused gland arising from the limb, margins reflexed, both sides glabrous.

Hoya obreniformis King 1901. leaves obcordate or obreniform, sometimes broader than long, lobes rounded, sinus acute, base rounded or subacute, rather thin, opaque, nerves obscurely reticulate, faintly visible above not evident beneath, bright-green above, paler beneath; length 1.25â&#x20AC;&#x201D;2.5 cm., width 2.25â&#x20AC;&#x201D;2.5 cm. Hoya obscura Elmer ex Merrill ex Burton 1986. Folia oppositae, glabra, laevis, stature variabilis, plane elliptica ad obovata-oblonga, in folia longiores, folia minores subelliptica 2 X 3 cm., aliae usque 10 cm. longa et fere 4 cm. late ad medium vel parve supra, gradatim contracta ad acuta-subacuainata apex, folia minores late obtuse ad basim, folia magnae cuneatae, interdum graciliter cuneatae omnes gradatum inter; costa non promines, laterales nervi 3-5 utrinque costa, admodum obliquus praecipue nervi basim, obscure furcati et plus minusve anastomosans ad margine; petioli 5-10 mm longi vel etiam usque 1.5 cm long), glabri, supra canneculeti. Hoya obscurinervia Merrill 1923. leaves opposite, fleshy, when dry leathery, pale, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, somewhat thin acuminate, bases for the most part acute, obscurely 3 or 5 plinerved, about 10 cm long, 4 to 4.5 cm wide, nerves thin, reticulations irregular; petiole thick, 2 to 2.5 cm long. Hoya obtusifolia Wight 1834. leaves fleshy oval-oblong bases of the apex obtuse cuspidate, above shining below transversely obscurely veined (dried). Hoya occlusa Ridley 1912. Leaves ovate acuminate in pairs, base obtuse glabrous above shining greenish when dry, below brownish, coriaceous, nerves 5 pairs rising at an acute angle, slender, elevated beneath, 4 inches long 2 inches wide, petiole 1 inch long. Hoya odetteae Kloppenburg 1998. Leaf Blade: l x 2-7 cm. Lanceolate. Matte midrib prominent, secondary veins obscure. Petiole: .25-1 cm. long. Hoya odorata Schlechter 1906. well leaved; leaves erect-spreading, short petioled, elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate, glabrous, lucid, texture thinly leathery 3.5-5 cm. long, below the middle 1.32.2 cm. wide. Hoya oleoides Schlechter 1913. Leaves erect spreading or outspread, petiolate, elliptic obtusely acuminate, leathery, both sides glabrous, petiole short, somewhat thick, above lightly grooved.. Hoya oligantha Schlechter 1913.

Leaves erect-spreading or outspread, shortly petioled, narrowly lanceolate, minutely apiculate or somewhat acute, base rounded, leathery texture, both sides glabrous, petiole lightly grooved above, glabrous, very short. Hoya oligotricha K. Hill 1986. Leaves fleshy, broadly pinnately veined, elliptical, ovate or orbicular, 4-12 cm long, 3.0-8:0 cm wide; petioles 1.0-3.5 cm long, 3-7 mm diam. Hoya onychoides P. I. Forster & Liddle 1995. Leaves petiolate; lamina lanceolate-ovate, up to 120 mm long and 55 mm wide, succulent, discolorous glabrous, with venation obscure, upper surface dark green; lower surface pale green; tip acute to shortly acuminate; base cordate; petiole 18-22 mm long, 4-5 mm diameter, grooved on upper surface; colleters 3 or 4 at lamina base, often coalesced. Hoya opposita G. Don 1837. opposite leaves, the narrower petioles, which are convex beneath, and concave above. Hoya orbiculata Wallich ex Wight 1834. leaves fleshy orbicular glabrous. Hoya oreogena Kerr 1939. Leaves elliptic, base wedge-shaped or narrow slightly ear-shaped, apex somewhat obtuse margines plus or minus reflexed, 5 to 7 cm. long, 1.8 to 2.9 cm. wide, leathery, glabrous above, below with moderate copious short tawny pilose, when dry midrib obscure above bellow slightly prominent at the base narrowly winged. Lateral nerves obscure on both sides; petiole thick, warty, pilose, 5 to 8 mm. long. Inflorescence lateral, umbel-like, many-flowered: peduncles moderately robust, pilose 5 to 11 mm long. Hoya oreostemma Schlechter 1913. Leaves spreading or outspread, petiolate. lanceolate elliptic or elliptic, acuminate, base rounded, leathery texture, both sides glabrous, lucid above (shiny), below opaque, petiole glabrous, above slightly grooved. Hoya orientalis P. T. Li =Hoya reticulata Merrill 1920. Leaves fleshy when fresh, coriaceous when dry, ovate to oblong-ovate, shining, 8 to 12 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, the base broadly rounded, the apex slenderly and sharply acuminate, the epidermis on both surfaces coarsely reticulate-wrinkled when dry; petioles 1 to 2.5 cm long; lateral nerves about 4 on each side of the midrib, somewhat spreading. Hoya ottolanderi Koorders 1911. Leaves opposite very thick, 15 to 28 cm. long and 4 to 7.5 cm wide, glabrous distinct 5 nerved below above about 3 plinerved, lanceolate base acute, apex acuteacuminate. Petiole 1.5 to 3.5 cm long.

Hoya ovalifolia Wight & Arnott 1834. leaves fleshy ovate, acuminate at both ends, peduncles shorter than the leaves. Hoya oxycoccoides S. Moore 1916. Leaves bright green and faintly shining above when dry, opaque and pale below; petioles 3-5 mm. long, puberulous. Hoya pachyclada Kerr 1939. Leaves obovate, bases cuneate or somewhat rounded apexes very shortly and obtusely acuminate 7.8 to 10.5 cm. long, 5.2 to 6 cm. wide, thickly leathery, both surfaces having a few sprinkled short hairs, dried costa and nerves on both sides obscure but seen with transmitted light, lateral nerves 2 pairs and basal (or almost at the base) arising acutely, arching and ascending almost reaching apex; petioles thick, above concave, minutely puberulous, 6-12 mm. Hoya pachyphylla K. Lauterbach & K. Schumann 1901. leaves with short petioles elliptic, obtuse and apiculate with base rounded fleshy shiny both sides very glabrous. Hoya pachypus S. Moore. leaves petiolate broadly ovate-oblong sometimes almost square both ends rounded apex often mucronate thick leathery surface on both sides glabrous. Hoya padangensis Schlechter 1916. leaves spreading and widely spaced, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 7 to 10 cm long, in the middle almost 1.3 to 2 cm wide, fleshy, glabrous, petiole fleshy about 5 mm, long. Hoya palawanica Kloppenburg 1990. This species has a very distinctive leaf with venation similar to Hoya finlaysonii Wight with looping inner pairs anastomosingâ&#x20AC;Ś. Leaves spreading or outspread, petiolate lanceolate acuminate, texture leathery, with both surfaces glabrous 13.2-14.5 cm. long, in the middle 3.8-4.2 cm. wide, deciduous with 5 nerves, inner ones nearly reaching the apex with distinct reticulations. Petiole about 1.8 cm. long, 0.6 cm. in diameter, glabrous, grooved above. (from Schlechter). Hoya pallida Lindley 1826. leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate fleshy veined. Hoya pallilimba Kleijn & van Donkelaar 1999. Leaves 3--8 cm long, ovate, acute, without obvious venation, margins on basal half of the leaves thin, pale green. Hoya panayensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2010 Leaves glabrous, elliptic-lanceolate, apex acute, pinnate nerved, base sub-obtuse to ovate.

Hoya panchoi Kloppenburg 1988. Leaves very thick, glabrous, with both surfaces minutely punctate, subdeciduous, edges straight and entire; of two distinct types, some round 1.5 cm. in diameter, others obovately oblong 2 cm. wide above the middle and 4 cm. in length, obtusely rounded at the apex, with a broad cuneate base. Petiole very short, thick, curved and expanded toward the base, leaving circular scars after falling. Hoya pandurata Tsiang 1939. Leaves erect spreading, a little fleshy, glabrous pandurate or narrowly oblong, margins involute, apex acuminate base rounded and in China very slenderly 2-eared 4 to 7 cm. long and 1 cm. wide (Wong's #74427, 10 cm. by 2 cm ), nerves on both sides not conspicuous, petiole glabrous about 4 mm. long apex glandular 2 to 4 fasicled. Hoya paniculata Sprengel 1825. Hoya leaves somewhat cordate  ovate acuminate very glabrous. Hoya papillantha K. Schumann 1898. leaves petiolate, petioles thick round, leaves oblong acute bases somewhat rounded fleshy both sides very glabrous; umbels outside the axils on short peduncles. Hoya papuana Schlechter 1913. loosely leafed; leaves lanceolate-elliptic, long acuminate, both sides glabrous, texture thinly leathery, 6 to 8 cm long, below the middle 1 to 2.3 cm wide, petiole short, glabrous, 0.5 - 0.7 cm long; rachis very short, about same length as petiole, cylindric. Hoya parasitica Wallich 1830. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, fleshy, drooping…… Leaves, opposite, petioled, retrofracted, ovate-lanceolate, acute, of a firm fleshy texture, and smooth on both sides, veins scarcely conspicuous above, and invisible underneath; from two to four inches long, and about one broad. Petiole short, round, ash coloured, in fact, more like a part of a branch than a petiole. Hoya parviflora Wight 1834. leaves fleshy lanceolate base and apex attenuate. Hoya parvifolia Schlechter 1908. loosely leaved, having aerial roots; with the leaves shortly petiolate oblong or oblong-elliptic, very obtuse, both surfaces densely and shortly hispid, 1.2-1.7 cm. long, 0.8-1 cm. wide, petiole hispid about 0.3 cm. long. Hoya patella Schlechter 1913. loosely leaved, round, minutely and sparsely pubescent. Leaves spreading or outspread, briefly petiolate, oblong-elliptic, somewhat obtusely acuminate, below pubescent, petiole pubescent, above slightly grooved.

Hoya pauciflora Wight 1848. leaves approximated, fleshy, glabrous, narrow lanceolate, blunt pointed; flowers few, generally paired, from a short thick peduncle. Hoya paxtonii Nichols 1885. Closely resembles the H. belle in habit and appearance, but has less fleshy, more acuminate and lighter green leaves. Hoya paziae Kloppenburg 1990. Foliage: held flat (surface to stem) at 90°-100° on twisted ½ turn petioles which are grooved above, also pale green 1 cm. long, 0.18 cm-0.20 cm. in diameter. a divided leaf gland at the base of the leaf tan in color, Midrib a little sunken an the upper surface, blade slightly concave on top edges slightly undulant, apex attenuate, narrowly acute and slightly turned under. Blade 6-7 cm. long and 2.5-3 cm. at the widest below the middle. Pinnately veined, 5 pairs not prominent, surface glabrous, waxy, not punctate, very smooth above, granular below, midrib extending below, channeled above. New growth pink-bronze. Hoya pedunculata Schlechter 1913. In the leaf form it is midway between Hoya halophila Schlechter and Hoya litoralis Schlechter. Hoya pendula Wight & Arnott 1834. leaves fleshy glabrous from oblong-oval acute to broad ovate acuminate, margins revolute. Hoya pentaphlebia Merrill 1918. Leaves thickly coriaceous, pale and shining when dry, broadly ovate to elliptic, 8 to 16 cm long, 6 to 9 cm wide, the apex broadly and rather prominently acuminate, base rounded, prominently 5-nerved, the interior pair of nerves reaching the apex, the reticulations very lax, distinct on both surfaces, the margins somewhat recurved; petioles stout, 2 to 5 cm long. Hoya perakensis Ridley 1910. Leaves ovate acute coriaceous glabrous base broad truncate rounded 4 ½ inch long 3 inches wide, nerves from the base 5, with few arched secondary nerves, drying brown with recurved edges, petiole thick ¼ inch long. Hoya persicinicoronis He & Li 2008 Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled, leaflet pattern simple, terete, fleshy, blade similar to flat surface, elliptic or obovate, 6-10 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide 0.03 cm. depth, reticulate, midrib and lateral vein evident or indistinct, lateral vein 3-5 pairs, ventral deep green, dorsal vivid greenish, base rounded, cuneate, apex rounded, cuspidate or retuse. Hoya phyllura O. Schwartz 1931.

Leaves opposite, blade oblong-elliptic or very slightly ovate-oblong, bases abruptly narrowed, apex long and acute caudate-acuminate, glabrous in the dry state coriaceous shining, nerves very prominent, nervation pinnate veins 3 to 4 on each side disappearing very near apex, curving and anastomosing, nerves narrowly reticulate. Leaf margins entire and very lightly revolute, 8 to 16 cm long, 3.2 to 5.2 cm wide, acumen 1.5 to 2 cm long, in the living state lighter green beneath than above. Petioles robust 1 to 1.7 cm long. Lateral inflorescence umbellate, supported by robust short peduncles 2.3 to 3 cm 2.3 to 3 cm long. Hoya picta Siebold 1848. leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex attenuate acute, fleshy, arched in the middle, yellowish and when young purplish or azure-rose and margines green variegate. Hoya picta Blume 1849. leaves (small) slightly round to ovate, sharply pointed; both sides purple-stained and glandular; below convex. Hoya picta Miquel 1856. Leaves on short petioles, broadly ovate mucronate-acute, both sides purple-dyed and glandular, in the dried state almost three nerved, beneath convex, 4-5 lines long. Hoya piestolepis Schlechter 1913. Leaves spreading or outspread, petiolate oblong or elliptic, acuminate, base briefly cordate, texture leathery, both sides glabrous. Hoya pilosa Seemann 1856. the leaves more hairy below. Hoya pimenteliana Kloppenburg 1999. foliage is opposite, linearly lanceolate with an acute apex and cuneate to slightly rounded base, where a distinct gland is present. The leaves are very distinctive, of a deep dull (flat color) iridescent green, due to an extremely fine velvety upper surface. Venation is somewhat obscure but pinnate with veins at 45 ° to the midrib (noted when dry). Leaf edges are entire but with slight undulations, the edges being slightly turned under. The foliage is profuse……… Leaf: 6-10 cm long; 2.5-3 cm wide near the middle, apex acute to slightly apiculate, base cuneate to slightly rounded, gland at base, pinnate venation obscure on either surface, Upper surface very finely velvety and deep green, lower surface lighter green, dull with numerous lighter punctations. Leaves rather thick, but not succulent, somewhat leathery. Petiole: short, thick, glabrous, 0.08 cm. long, curved, terete, 0.05 cm. in diameter, not grooved. Hoya plicata King and Gamble 1908. Leaves fleshy coriaceous when dry; ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, acute at base; smooth and glabrous on both surfaces; margins slightly recurved; 3 in. long, 1 in. broad; midrib very faint and then only when dry; remaining nerves invisible; petiole stout, .25 in. long, flattened.

Hoya polyneura Hooker 1883. leaves 3-4 in. subsessile rhombic-ovate or lanceolate acuminate very fleshy, nerves very many oblique straight parallel. Hoya polystachya Blume 1849. leaves broadly-ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, with base rounded or somewhat cordate; fleshy, thick 3-5 nerves, margins a little recurved. Hoya poolei White & Francis 1928. Leaf blades fleshy, lanceolate or elliptical, acuminate, venation indistinct in dried specimens, 6-9 cm. long, about thrice as long as broad. Hoya pottsii Traill 1830. The leaves are cordate, sharply, acuminate, having occasionally a rusty stairs partly spread over them, beneath of a pale whitish green without veins, above light yellowish green, with three distinct veins of ratter lighter colour than the leaf, from which smaller veins occasionally branch off. The petioles are not particularly thick, and less than half an inch long; they are of the same colour as the stems. Hoya praetorii Miquel 1857. leaves oblong or ovate-oblong or somewhat lanceolate acuminate, midrib on both sides with 5 outspread ascending veins prominent beneath, above somewhat grooved, 6 to 3 inches long. Hoya pruinosa Miquel 1856. Leaves (small) somewhat round above convex granular- punctate, beneath flat and glaucous-pruinose. Hoya pseudolanceolata Const, 1912. Leaves lanceolate attenuate, glabrous, 3-4 pairs of secondary nerves. 4-9 cm. long 1.1 – 2.2 cm wide. Hoya pseudolittoralis Norman 1937. Leaves somewhat fleshy in those collected, red-brown ovate acute without nerves, 7 times 3 to 9 by 3 to 4.5 cm, with petiole very short and narrow. Hoya pseudomaxima Koorders 1918. foliage is profoundly cordate and from Hoya maxima Koorders leaves above glabrous and at the apex not at all or rarely emarginate……………………. Leaves round-circular, at the base to 3 cm deeply-heart-shaped, on the top entirely glabrous (not only glabrous, but also without Cutiular-protruberances and polished, undersides glabrous and also without Cutiular-protruberances, to 8 cm long and 9 cm broad. Hoya pseudovalifolia Costantin 1912.

Leaves ovate-acuminate, fleshy; 4.2 to 6 cm long and 2.4 to 3 cm wide; petioles up to 3 mm long. Hoya pubens Costantin 1912. Leaves not Isis fleshy as the preceding species (parasitica) oval-oblong, rounded or often pointed at base shortly apiculate at the apex; veins 2 lateral, in addition to pairs departing at the base and joining the others, reappearing near apex, very strong and prominent on both sides. Three rib-net-work very apparent; leaf 9.5 to 13 cm long by 3.6 to 6.8 cm.; petiole very fleshy, thick, 2 cm long by 3 mm. Hoya puber Blume 1826. leaves (small) veinless oval-oblong acute fleshy puberulous. Hoya pubescens Reinecke 1893. leaves fleshy-coriaceous, flat, penninerved, oval or ovate, very shortly and abruptly acuminate, bases rounded, or somewhat cordate, petiole long, pubescent, blades on both sides shortly lanate. Hoya pubicalyx Merrill 1918. Leaves opposite, fleshy, when dry coriaceous, pale and shining on both surfaces and more or less wrinkled, oblong to oblong-obovate, 10 to 14 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, base obtuse, apex distinctly acuminate; lateral nerves pinnately arranged, indistinct, about 6 on each side of the midrib, ascending, scarcely more evident than are the lax, indistinct reticulations; petioles about 1 cm long. Hoya pubifera Elmer 1938. Leaves opposite, widely scattered, thick or leathery, curing grayish to yellowish brown, entire, the edges sometimes pressed with involute margins, narrowly oblong or oblanceolate to narrowly spathulate, velutinous beneath as well as densely or numerously papillose, the upper surface very similar but only slightly pubescent, the average blades 12 cm long by nearly 3 cm wide at or above the middle, the base attenuate, apex obtuse to subacute, a few of my detached leaves are only 6 cm long by 2 cm wide and with both ends obtusely rounded; midrib not conspicuous, lateral nerves none; petioles 1 to 3 cm long, dark yellowish brown, leaving circular scars upon falling. Peduncle stout, erect or nearly so, 4 cm long, similarly papillose and of a rich yellowish brown tomentum on my specimen. Hoya pulchella Schlechter 1913. loosely leaved, round, minutely pubescent. Leaves erect, spreading or outspread, petiolate, small, ovate, obtuse, slightly leathery, both sides glabrous, petiole minutely pubescent, above slightly grooved. Hoya purpurascens Teijsmann & Binnendijk 1863. leaves ovate, acuminate, base rounded, three nerved, above almost lacunose, reddish or purplish, margins revolute.

Hoya purpureofusca Hooker 1850. Leaves opposite, on very thick, brownish petioles, four or five inches long, exactly ovate, acute, or shortly acuminate, thick, fleshy, five-nerved, the nerves all diverging from the base, and having a gland at the base where set on to the petiole. Hoya pusilla Rintz 1978. Leaves very similar to those of H. lacunosa; fleshy, oblanceolate with acuminate bases and thickened margins; up to 8cm long by 3cm wide. Peduncle reflexed, rigid, up to 5cm long. Hoya pusilliflora S. Moore 1916. Leaves drying pale greenish grey, nervation well marked on the upper side, less clear on the on the lower; petioles 2-3 mm. long, stoutish, channeled above. Hoya pycnophylla Rechinger 1908. Leaves thick leathery, margines (when dry) not at all or barely revolute, opaque conspicuously 5 nerved, nerves prominently visible on both sides, shortly petioled. Petioles 1 cm long. Hoya querinoensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2007. Leaf blades: elliptic acuminate, quintuplinerved, glabrous 14.9 – 21.2 cm. long x 4.9 – 7.6 cm. at the widest in the middle. Petiole: 2.1 – 3.0 cm. long curved, glabrous. Hoya quinquenervia Warburg 1904. coriaceous foliage, standing out, broadly ovate 5.6 cm. long by 4 cm. wide, apex shortly acuminate acute, base rounded, 5 nerved, the innermost about reaching the apex, reticulations subdistinct, edges revolute, equally green on each side. Petiole 1.5 cm. long, 0.3 cm. in diameter, glabrous. Petiole: curved to straight mostly 2-2.5 cm. long, round not grooved above and merging with the leaf base. On the new growth there is a fine puberulous indumentum not present on older growth. Hoya quisumbingii Kloppenburg 1992. Leaf Blade: 8.f1-12.3 ctn. long; 2.0 -2.3 cm. at the widest, near the middle, tapering to a narrow base and with a long drawn out sharp somewhat rigid apex, which in many instances is curved a little downward; with pinnate venation 6-8 pairs on either side of the midrib area, which is more evident above, but also prominent below and on the Side with a few stiff hairs along its straight length from the petiole to the apex. Hoya radicalis Tsiang et P. T. Li 1974. Leaves fleshy, spatulate or oblanceolate 10 to 21 cm long 3 to 4 cm wide, apexes shortly acuminate or acute, bases cuneate running into the petioles margins noticeably narrowing all the way down, nervation on both sides conspicuous, nerves on both sides about 10 or more reticulate veins, petiole, when dried, almost flattened to 3 to 6 cm long, with obsolete glands.

Hoya ramosii Kloppenburg & Siar 2007. leaf blade is narrow not elliptic-lanceolate. Hoya recurvula Kloppenburg 2000. well leaved with pairs of lanceolate foliage, 8.0 - 12.0 cm. long by ca. 3.5 cm. wide held mostly upright along the stem; flat to slightly curved, apex acute. Petiole, terete, at first bronze-green becoming corky with age, terete, curved, no groove, about 5 mm. in diameter. Hoya rasarioae Kloppenburg & Siar 2010. Foliage ovate apiculate to oblanceolate acute, base mostly cuneate, glabrous 4.66.3 cm. long by 2.2- 3 cm. wide, nerve angle to midrib 44˚. Hoya reticulata Costantin 1912. Leaves oblong, in corner or rarely a little rounded at the base, attenuate progressively from the third lower portion, very sharp points at the apex (acuminate of 56 mm.), glabrous, thin, transparent; secondary nerves 9-10 pairs, prominent, almost winged underneath, at about 40°, right, divided in regular dichotomies, coufluentes in arches of 4-5 mm. from the edges, very visible on the faces; visible tertiary and quaternary networks; limbe length of 11-18 cm. by 3-4.5 cm.; petiole length of 1.5-2.5 cm. on 2 mm. Hoya reticulata Schlechter 1913. Leaves spreading or outspread, shortly petioled, elliptic, somewhat obtuse, fleshy coriaceous, both sides glabrous, reticulately nerved below, petiole short, lightly grooved above. Hoya reticulata Merrill 1920. Leaves fleshy when fresh, coriaceous when dry, ovate to oblong-ovate, shining, 8 to 12 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, the base broadly rounded, the apex slenderly and sharply acuminate, the epidermis on both surfaces coarsely reticulate-wrinkled when dry; petioles 1 to 2.5 cm long; lateral nerves about 4 on each side of the midrib, somewhat spreading. Hoya retusa Dalzell 1852. leaves shortly petioled, linear, three angled, apexes retuse, fleshy, pale…… Leaves 3-4 mm. long, 6-7 mm. wide, surface channeled above. Hoya retusa Warburg 1907. petioles 2 to 2.5 cm long, 2 mm thick, when young densely puberulous becoming glabrous, leaves leathery obovate 10 to 15 cm long, 7 to 10 cm wide bases rounded apexes retuse in sinus shortly apiculate, both sides glabrous, above on juvenile leaves pubescent, veins on both sides 5 to 6, spreading strait and long connected before reaching the margine indistinct, reticulations of nerves somewhat distinct. Hoya revolubilis Tsiang et P. T. Li 1974.

Leaves with similar features to H. liangii Tsang which differs by the rounded exterior angle of the corona; in this species the leaves are thick fleshy elliptic-oblong 69 cm long 23 cm wide with the apex obtuse base wedge-shaped or rounded with margines revolute above shiny green and below papilose when dry pale yellowish, midrib above flattened and below prominent nerve with veinlets vanishing, petiole 1 1.5 cm long above on the petiole 2-3 glands. Hoya revoluta Wight ex Hooker 1883. Leaves 1 ½ - 3 in., midrib and nerves not visible, base acute; petiole 1/8-1/6 in., very thick. Hoya rhodostele Ridley 1923. Leaves thick; lanceolate acute, base cuneate: nerves invisible, 3 in. long, 1.5 in. wide; petioles thick .5 in. long. Peduncle axillary 4 in. long. Hoya rhodostemma Schlechter 1913. Leaves erect outspread, broadly elliptic, acuminate, base wedge shaped, leathery, both sides glabrous, above lucid, below opaque, petiole glabrous, above slightly grooved. Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble 1903. Leaves fleshy, coriaceous when dry, variable; ovate or ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute at apex, rounded or narrowed or sometimes cuneate at base; both surfaces g1abrous; margins recurved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1.25 to 1.75 in. broad; midrib slender. Faint, as are the nerves generally, even when dry; main nerves about 5 to 6 pairs, the lowest pair starting from the base and curving along the margin, the other nearly at right angles, quickly branching and joining the marginal one; reticulations irregular netted; petiole very thick, .25 to .75 in. long, broad at the junction of the blade. Hoya rigida Kerr 1939. Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, bases rounded or broadly cuneate, apex long acutely acuminate, margins narrowly revolute, 12 to 14 cm. long, 4.5 to 6.3 cm. wide, when dry stiffly leathery, very hard, above black-brown, beneath dark, both sides opaque from the base 5-pli-nerved, nerves on both sides flat-convex, transverse nerves between prominent; petioles very thick, above flat-convex, 1.2 to 2 cm. long. Hoya rizaliana Kloppenburg 1991. The foliage is small, essentially ovoid, glabrous and enervis with a short petiole…. Leaf Blade: 3.6 cm. x 1.2 cm., ovate tapering more toward the petiole, enervis, glabrous. Petiole: 1-1.1 cm. long, round, glabrous. Hoya rosea Schumann 1905. leaves shortly petiolate, lanceolate, acuminate, bases acute, dried leathery, rugose, both sides glabrous………..The petiole is 1 to 1.5 mm long; the leaf blade is 2.5 to 5 cm long and is 8 to 15 mm wide in the middle with veins that are clearly perceivable neither

on the upper or under side; when dried it is leather yellow bordering on greenish or brownish. Hoya rotundifolia Siebold 1853. elliptic-round leaves, those above are elusively suggestively-plain stained. They are thick, succulent, approximately l0 centimeters broad and 12-13 long. Hoya rubida Schlechter 1901. loosely leaved; with leaves generally spreading, ovate or ovate-elliptic, shortly acuminate, both sides glabrous, texture thickly puberulous *,4-6 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide below the middle, petiole glabrous above slightly grooved, about 1 cm long. Hoya rufolanata Ridley 1923. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-ovate or obovate, acuminate at apex, cuneate or attenuate or rounded at base; upper surface shining, glabrous or slightly villous, pubescent on the midrib and main nerves; lower surface ferruginous-villous, especially on the nerves, dull; margins strongly recurred; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in broad; midrib stout, impressed above, as are the 7 to 9 pairs of main nerves which, leaving the midrib at an angle of about 50째, are at first straight and then curve upwards to join a rather obscure intramarginal looped nerve, also impressed; secondary nerves few; reticulations transverse, irregular; petiole stout, .75 to 1 in. long, densely ferruginous-tomentose. Hoya rumphii Blume 1825. leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate, with the base very obtuse glabrous, below flat and pale. Hoya rupicola K. Hill 1986. Leaves extremely fleshy, obscurely broadly pinnately veined, narrow-ovate to ovate, acute, basally tapered, pale gray-green, 14 cm long, 3.0-7.0 cm wide; petioles 1.02.0 cm long, 6-10 mm diem. Hoya ruscifolia Decaisne 1844. leaves ovate mucronate mucrone very acute somewhat sessile without veins very glabrous, peduncles short receptacle ovate reduced. Hoya salweenica Tsang & Li. 1974. . Leaves fleshy elliptic or nearly oblong, above opaque green below more pale in the dried state pale yellowish 1 to 12.5 cm. long 3.5 to 4.5 mm wide, apex very obtuse or nearly round, base rounded or broadly wedge shaped, nerves 6 to 8 pairs, small veins disappearing, an inconspicuous gland above on the petiole, petiole thick to 1 cm. long. Hoya samoensis Seemann 1866. leaves ovate-elliptic acuminate 5-tuplinerved, nerves prominent on both sides. Hoya sana Bailey 1897.

Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, from 1 ½ to 3 ¼ in. long, thick, pale in colour, only showing a rather broad midrib, more or less covered on the under side with white hairs, often aciculate, petioles seldom exceeding ½ in. Hoya sarcophylla Ridley 1917. Leaves thick leathery lanceolate with the base obtuse, nerves invisible, midrib on the upper surface at the base obscure 8.5 cm. long 3 cm. wide, petioles thick 8 mm. long. Hoya schallertiae Burton 1982. (Not a hoya) Leaves sessile (or nearly so), in opposite pairs, bases cordate or truncate, apexes rounded, broader than long ( ¾" X 1" ± ), margins erose-wavy, convex above, and lumpy, puberulous, scabrous beneath. Leaves flattened and oppressed against tree trunk, covering numerous roots. Hoya schneei Schlechter 1921. loosely leaved, round, glabrous, leaves spreading or erect outspread, petiolate, elliptic, acuminate, with a wedge shaped base, leathery glabrous, above lucid. Hoya scortechinii King & Gamble 1903. Leaves thick, fleshy, drying coriaceous, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate at base, both surfaces glabrous, lower minutely glandular; Margins recurved, 2 to 3.5 in. long, .75 to 1.25 in. broad; nerves only visible when dry; midrib thick; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs at an angle of 50° to 60° with the midrib, branching early and anastomosing near the margin; reticulations transverse; petiole stout. Hoya serpens Hooker 1883. very small suborbicular opaque papillose on both surfaces…….. Leaves ½ - ¾ in. diam., ovate or very broadly elliptic, base rounded or subcordate, nerves obscure; petiole very short, 1/16 - 1/10 in. Hoya shepherdii Short ex Hooker 1861. leaves 6 inches long and linear-lanceolate, curved downward, thickly-fleshy above dark green channeled, below more pale and semi-rounded, veins and petioles bent abruptly, petioles short round. Hoya siamaca Craib 1911. Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or ovate lanceolate, apexes somewhat acute, bases obtuse, 3.7 to 9.5 cm. long, by 1.5 to 22 cm. wide, both sides glabrous, margins lightly recurved, when dried leathery, nerves entirely obscure; petioles 0.5 to 1.5 cm. long, glabrous. Hoya siariae Kloppenburg 2000. opposite lanceolate glabrous, deep green foliage ca. 14 cm. long x 3.5 cm. wide, tri-ply parallel veined, distinct on the upper surface less so below. Petioles heavy and long, 3.0 cm., diameter 0.09 cm. with deep groove on upper side.

Hoya silvatica Tsiang et P. T. Li 1974. Leaves papery to fleshy elliptic or elliptic-oblong above almost glabrous and beneath pubescent, dense near to the nerves, 8 to 11 cm long by 2.5 to 4 cm wide, apexes shortly acuminate bases cuneate, costa below lightly elevate, lateral nerves 7 to 10 pairs with veins conspicuously reticulate 2 or 3 glands above petiole, petiole 1 to 3 cm long, pubescent. Hoya sipitangensis Kloppenburg & Wiberg 2004. Leaves opposite, green with a few silver spotsâ&#x20AC;Ś.. Leaves and flowers larger than Hoya lacunosa Blume. Hoya smithii Kloppenburg & Siar 2011 blades fleshy oblong, 8 to 12 cm. long 2 to 4.5 cm. wide, base obtuse, apex somewhat acute, penninerved, midrib above lightly impressed below prominent, secondary nerves on both sides 5 to 7 ascending often sometimes immersed, both sides prominent, vein sometimes prominent on both sides Hoya sogeriensis Moore 1913. leaves relatively large elliptic or elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate apex obtuse bases obtuse 5-nerved fleshy-leathery glabrous setting upon moderately long thickened petioles, peduncles strong much shorter than the leaves. Hoya solaniflora Schlechter 1913. Leaves spreading or outspread, petiolate, lanceolate, acuminate, texture thinly coriaceous, both sides glabrous, petiole glabrous, slightly grooved above. Hoya soligamiana Kloppenburg & Siar 2008. A vine with waxy, opposite elliptic-lanceolate leaves, prominently quintuplinerved, acuminate apex. Blades 9-13 cm. long x 2-3 cm. at the widest. Petiole round 1.5-2.0 cm. long. Hoya sororia Schumann 1905. (1 cm. long) petioled leaves of 5 to 6 cm long and 1 cm wide. Hoya spartioides (Kuntz) Kloppenburg 2001. The reduced foliage (many times absent) and its prodigious production of green (chlorophyll) peduncles set this species apart as a fringe member of the genus. Hoya speciosa Decaisne 1844. leaves very broad ovate or ovate-elliptic with the base rounded apex shortly acuminate margins narrowly revolute both sides glabrous petiolate. Hoya stenophylla Schlechter 1913. Leaves spread or outspread, briefly petioled, narrowly linear, base rounded, margins commonly recurved, leathery, both sides glabrous, with the petiole pubescent, short, above slightly grooved.

Hoya stoneana Kloppenburg & Siar 2006. obtuse leaf bases not attenuata, and being pubescent not glabrousâ&#x20AC;Ś.. Foliage: linear lanceolate 5-8.5 cm. long and 1.5-2.5 cm. at the widest, waxy dark green, on both surfaces, lighter on underside. Dorsal surface with a few scattered hair cells and more along the edges, ventral surfaces covered with clear curved hair sells. Apex acute to apiculate base mostly obtuse. Petiole green colored pubescent mostly 1 cm. long and grooved above. Hoya subcalva Burkill 1901. Leaves ovate-elliptic, very shortly acuminate, bases rounded, 4 to 4.5 inches long 2 to 2.5 inches wide, glabrous, nerves on both sides moderately conspicuous; petioles 6 to 10 lines long. Hoya subglabra Schlechter 1913. Leaves spreading or outspread, petiolate, elliptic, acuminate, leathery textured, both sides glabrous, petiole glabrous, lightly grooved above. Hoya subquaterna Miquel 1856. leaves distinctly petiolate, opposite here and there almost shield shaped, rhomboid-ovate attenuate-acuminate, fleshy, veinless, petiole almost peltately inserted, 7-4 lines long. Hoya subquintuplinervis Miquel 1869. Leaves elliptic-rounded apex here obsoletely somewhat apiculate, fleshy, glabrous, midrib almost 5-plinerved on both sides traversed 2 almost rising out of the base on the other side Â˝ of the second. Hoya suregaoensis Kloppenburg & Nyhuus 2011. Hoya tamaleaaae Kloppenburg & Siar 2010 Leaves broadly ovate-elliptic, shortly attenuate a little rounded, base obtuse, venation pinnate 5 pairs anastomosing-reticulate 4.5-5.5 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. at the widest near the middle, glabrous, midrib inconspicuous. Petiole 2.7 cm. long, terete, glabrous, definitely grooved above, glabrous. Hoya tauensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2008. Leaves glabrous, broadly ovate elliptic, edges undulate, glabrous, apex attenuate to apiculate acute, base obtuse, nerves 5 palmate visible on both surfaces central ones extend to near the apex, anastomosing, opposite; 6.7 - 9.7 cm. long 2.3 - 4.8 cm. widest near the middle. Petiole long medium heavy, glabrous, 1.6 - 1.8 cm. long ca 0.15 cm, in diameter, same color (buff) as the stem. Hoya telosmoides Omlar 1996. Hoya tenggerensis Bakhuizen 1950.

leaves ovate-oblong base rounded apex short acuminate glabrous 3 to 5 nerves, within a limited area, middle nerves with 2 basal precursor nerves laterals many, with thickness and thicker nerves similarly at the base, when dry manifestly thick leathery above, below veins not as manifestly coarse, above at the base of the midrib provided with thick kidney shaped cells ( lacking ? trachoma base) 10 to 12 long, petiole thick glabrous 1 cm long. Peduncles glabrous 1.5 to 4 cm long. Hoya tenuipes (see subsp of oligotricha and subsp of australis). Leaves fleshy or coriaceous, broadly pinnately veined, elliptical, narrow-ovate or narrow-obovate, 6 -14 cm. long, 30.-7.0 cm. wide. Hoya teretifolia Griffith ex Hooker 1883. leaves 5-7 in. very slender cylindric quite terete. Hoya teysmanniana Miquel 1856. leaves at bases obtuse-rounded, somewhat obverse lanceolate-oblong (upwards a little wider) at the apex rounded or truncate or lightly emarginate, costa almost extended into a mucrone, thick leathery, veinless 53 inches long. Hoya thomsonii Hooker 1883. leaves beneath sparsely pilose, leaves 2-3 in. oblong or obovate-oblong acuminate very thick………… Leaves not very fleshy* , 2/3 - 1 ½ in. broad, midrib obscure, base obtuse or rounded, nerves very faint, arched; petiole ¼ - ½ in. Hoya tjadasmalangensis Bakhuizen 1950. leaves broadly ovate, base rounded, briefly acute and acuminate, glabrous. Not nerved above large warts when dry thickly leathery 19.5 cm long 22 cm wide. Hoya tjampeaensis Hochreutiner 1936. blades elliptic, apexes acuminate and acute, base attenuate acute, rarely a little rounded, margins entire, leathery but nevertheless nerves more or less prominent on both sides and conspicuous, middle nerves below very prominent, secondary nerves at the bottom small, oblique, meeting at the margins, over ¼ of blade long inconspicuous. Secondary nerves other than the principle about 6 to 7 on both sides, very irregular, more or less oblique or perpendicular and in this manner arching at an angle and noticeably irregularly anastomosing, i.e. more or less near margins or at a distance from the margins. Blade apparently glabrous, nevertheless very minute pilose very rarely adorned on both sides, mainly on the middle nerve. Hoya tomataensis Green and Kloppenburg 2004. foliage is thick, lanceolate ovate, obscure nerved, base narrow…. opposite leaves and clear sap. Leaves are glossy deep green with a waxy surface, lanceolate-elliptic with a short apiculate apex, and hang essentially flat. The nerves are somewhat obscure but pinnate anastomosing the leaf base is rather long angustate. Typical leaf is 10.7 cm. long x 3.8 cm. at the widest near the center. The peduncles are curved, relatively long, terete and not grooved above 2.5 cm in length and 0.36 cm. in diameter.

Hoya torricellensis Schlechter 1913. Leaves spreading or outspread, elliptic, acuminate, leathery, glabrous, petiole glabrous, slightly grooved. Hoya treubiana Schlechter 1908. loosely leaved; with the leaves petiolate, oblong obtuse, glabrous, thickly leathery, nerves not at all conspicuous, with the margins revolute, 13-18 cm. long, in the middle nearly 4.5-5.5 cm. wide, petiole fleshy, 1-1.5 cm. long. Hoya trigonolobos Schlechter 1905. loosely leaved, producing aerial roots; leaves spreading ovate or ovate-oblong, acute or briefly acuminate, both sides glabrous, texture fleshy-leathery, about 14 cm long, in the middle or below the middle about 7 cm. wide, petiole thick, short, 0.5-0.7 cm. long; peduncle slender, round, glabrous about 6.5 cm. long. Hoya trinervis Trail 1837. leaves variable in size, oblong, sharply acuminate, pale green beneath, and mottled with small brown spots, light yellowish green above, with 3 prominent veins. Hoya trinervia (Hort.) Mach. ex Regal 1865. Smaller 3—5 nerved, but not veined leaves,………….. Those of a short thick stalk support thick and leathery leaves, oval, before the pointed end, of 3 or 5 passed through under the long leaf apex anastomosing, the above side bright green, underside pale, glabrous throughout 3-4 inches long and 1 ½—2 inches broad. Hoya trukensis Hosakawa 1937. Leaves outspread or erect-spreading, petioles about 1 cm long glabrous ovate, apexes acuminate or caudate-acuminate, bases rounded, papery, both sides glabrous, above lucid, 4 to 5.5 cm long by 2 to 2.5 cm wide. Hoya tsangii Burton ex Kloppenburg 1989. Leaves narrowly elliptic acute, 5-12 cm. long often 5 cm., near the middle 1-1.5 cm. wide, on both sides with out nerves; petiole short, glabrous 1 cm. long +/- above lightly grooved. Hoya tsiangiana P. T. L 1984. Same as nom. nov. Hoya retusa Warb. Hoya tutuilensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2009 Leaves glabrous, broadly ovate-lanceolate, shortly attenuate, apex acute, base rounded but not cordate, 5.5 – 6.5 cm. long 3 – 3.5 cm. widest nearer the base, nervation triplinerved 5 distinct on both surfaces, same color as the leaf, secondary nerves some looping near the margins, primary nerves extend to near the apex. Petiole glabrous, not thin 1.5 cm. long probably grooved above, same color as the stem, circular gland at the attachment above.

Hoya tsoi Merrill 1934. leaves oblong or narrowly oblong-elliptic, leathery, when alive fleshy, 6 to 8 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, pale, on both sides somewhat narrow, base acute, apex mostly acute acuminate, primary nerves on both sides 4 to 5, spreading, obscure, bending, anastomosing; petioles thick 8 to 15 mm long. Hoya uncinata Teijsmann & Binnendijk 1863. leaves acuminate, with the base rounded, now and then narrowed, acute, fleshy….. Leaves fleshy 0.09 long 0.035 wide, acuminate, with the base cuneate, above somewhat lacunose veined, below veinless, both sides with white dots…. Leaves (sometimes with the exception of the thinly pubescent midrib) glabrous or subglabrous on both sides. Hoya upoluensis Reinecke 1893. leaves leathery, when dry papery, briefly petiolate , often oblique, ellipticlanceolate, distantly acuminate, narrow based, definitely quintuple nerved, nerves prominent on both sides; inflorescence umbel-shaped, peduncles many times longer than the petiole; pedicels slender, shorter than the peduncles. Hoya vacciniiflora Schwartz 1931. Leaves oblong-lanceolate both ends acute very glabrous leathery when living probably thick, margins entire one-nerved, nerve impressed above, prominent below, veins throughout frequently uniting. Leaves shortly petioled petioles thick, channeled above, 0.5 to 1 cm long, blade 5.5- to 8.5 cm long and 1.51.7 cm wide. Hoya vaccinioides Hooker 1883. leaves ½ in. elliptic subacute fleshy nerves obsolete……….. leaves diverse when young ovate-orbiculatis, apex briefly acute, later elliptic lanceolate acute, base margine entire, other abbreviated, thick variegation. Hoya variegata Siebold ex Morren 1846. leaves diverse, juvenile ones ovate-orbicular, apex short acute, becoming elliptic lanceolate acute, base margine one, the other abbreviated, thick variegated. Hoya variegata De Vriese 1853. leaves white-variegated, margins often rosy fleshy, oval, elliptic oblong, somewhat acuminate, petioles reddish, 2 to 5 cm. long. Hoya variifolia Ridley 1926. leaves fleshy-leathery dimorphic elliptic obtuse, bases narrow, 1.5 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, and linear-lanceolate, both ends acuminate 4 cm. long, 2 mm. wide, petiole scarcely distinct; umbels 18-flowered; peduncles slender 2 cm. long. Hoya venusta Schlechter 1913.

Leaves 3-5 cm. long, below the middle 0.9-1.7 cm. wide, petioles 0.2-.4 cm. long. Hoya verticillata (Vahl) G. Don 1837. leaves 4 in a whorl, petiolate, oblong, acuminated, acute, fleshy, glabrous, veinless. Hoya villosa Constantin 1912. Leaves oblong, elliptic, rounded at the basis and at the summit sometimes very slightly echancrees or very weekly mucronate, densely villose, yellow or rose colored underneath; a little villose on top; nerves four pairs of laterals, oblique, arched toward the edge, invisible underneath; limbe length of 7-11 cm. x 3.8-4. 8 cm.; petiole villous or glabrous, length of 1. 5-2 cm., 4 mm thick. Hoya vitellina Blume 1849. leaves oval oblong acute with base rounded or obtuse fleshy above veined, below no veins. Hoya vitellinoides Bakhuizen Brink f. 1950. leaves oblong base shortly obtuse and acutely acuminate on both surfaces very sparsely and very shortly pilose thickly coriaceous, penninerved, lateral nerves 4 to 6 parts on both surfaces conspicuously transverse all over by irregular veins without (?) trichomes 14 to 16 cm long, 7 to 7.5 cm wide, petiole thick 7.5 to 10 mm long. Hoya vitiensis Turrill 1915. Leaves elliptic-oblong or elliptic-ovate, with apex attenuate acuminate, base rounded or almost cordate, up to 10 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, entire, glabrous lateral nerves on both sides about 7 almost to the margins anastomosing when dry with the midrib flat prominent on both sides. Reticulations prominent in a transverse manner; petiole 0.5 to 1.5 cm. long, thick, glabrous. Hoya volubilis Griffith 1854. leaves ovate-lanceolate acute leathery glaucous at the base one callus , indistinctly 3 nerved. Hoya wallichiana Decaisne 1844. leaves broad ovate oval or obovate with rounded base or obsoletely emarginate apex short acuminate, with the limb arising from transverse veins transversely thickened and somewhat fleshy, below velvety with middle nerve very prominent glabrous, petiole scarcely 1 inch, thick. Hoya walliniana Kloppenburg & Nyhuus 2004. None Hoya warburgii Schlechter. Unpublished but herbarium sheet and drawing.

Hoya wariana Schlechter 1913. Leaves spreading or somewhat outspread, shortly petioled, strap shaped, linear, acute or apiculate, base obtuse, thin leathery texture, both sides glabrous. Hoya wayetii Kloppenburg 1993. Leaf Blade: 5-14.5 cm. long x 1.5-2.7 cm. wide, thick, succulent, convex to nearly flat on the upper glabrous surface, triangular below and lighter green covered with granulose lighter colored punctations. Upper surface deep green with deeper green edging especially in younger leaves. Some rusty tones may be exhibited in newly formed leaves. Blades tapering to both ends, especially narrow toward the petiole which merges with the blade, leaf gland very small almost non-existent. Hoya waymaniae Kloppenburg 1995. Leaf Blade: thick, rigid, succulent, both surfaces finely pubescent especially so with the lower surface. 5-9 cm. long, margins very undulant 3-5 cm wide, enervis, edges rough with small bumpy thickened protrusions, much pinkish pigmentation. with a linear imbedded leaf gland present. Hoya weebella Kloppenburg 2000. Leaves: opposite, midrib prominent below, stem rusty, apparently no leaf gland, a few trichomes along the midrib, few hairs on lower midrib end of blade, upper surface rugose, base rounded (obtuse) tapering (lanceolate) to a narrowly rounded apex. 0.18 cm. long and widest near the base 0.09 cm. apex with small apiculation. Blade dark green underside glabrous, edges slightly recurved, thin. Above medium green, slight groove down the center above midrib, edges entire, below granulose punctate, glabrous. Petiole: curved, hirsute, hairs pointing toward the leaf blade, ca. 0.90 cm. long, clean 0.30 cm. in diameter.

Hoya whistlerii Kloppenburg 2002. opposite, thick lanceolate leaves. The longest leaves are 5.5 – 10.5 cm. long, mostly with acuminate apices. Hoya wibergiae Kloppenburg 2001. leaves opposite tend to be long narrowly elliptic curved along length apex acute to apiculate 6.5 cm. - 11.0 cm. long x ca. 4.2 cm wide, but some smaller and broader, triplinerved with faint anastomosing, only primary veins and midrib visible below surfaces glabrous, margins sharp and slightly curved under, blade not flat. Leaf upper surface with splotchy silvering, petiole terete, corky. Hoya wightiana Thwaites 1864. leaves glabrous, fleshy, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse, with narrow base. Hoya wightii Hooker 1883. Leaves 3-4” long, long petioled elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate rarely orbicular acute at both ends thick, margins recurved, nerved distinct horizontal or nearly so………Leaves 1.5-2” broad, margins often revolute, tip obtuse often produced, nervs loosely netted; petiole .5-1”.

Hoya wightii ssp. plainensis Matthew 1992. Leaves broad-elliptic. 2.2-3.5 x 1.8-2.8cm., margins faintly reflexed; lateral nerves at an acute angle 9c. 45Ë&#x161;) to the midrib Hoya wrayi King & Gamble 1903. Leaves fleshy, thinly coriaceous when dry; lanceolate, obtuse and glandular-apiculate at apex, long-attenuate at base; upper surface glabrous smooth, lower minutely papillose, both grayish when dry; margins recurved; 3.5 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1.25 in. broad; midrib slender, broadened at base; main nerves very inconspicuous even when dry, about 4 pairs, at about 30Â° with the midrib; reticulations not visible; petiole very thick, rugose, jointed at the junction with the blade. Hoya yuennanensis Hand- Mazzetti 1936. Leaves almost circular continuously elliptic, 6 to 11 cm long, somewhat continuously longitudinal (rarely) doubly narrow.. briefly and obtusely apiculate, base broadly rounder truncate, very thick, flat, dry light green, both sides with twisted hairs, below when young almost velvety, below 5 to 7 nerves diverging at about 60Â° from the midrib straight to near the margins barely curved connecting loosely with the reticulate veins when dry prominent on both sides, at the base of the midrib is a yellowish gland; petioles long 3 to 7 mm, 2 to 3 mm wide densely hairy. Peduncles axillary, 2 to 3.5 cm long. Hoya zollingeriana Miquel 1857. Leaves with short petioles and bases obtuse, on the upper dorsal side of the petiole somewhat drawn out, elliptic or largely obovate-oblong, or obtuse-apiculate, thick leathery, beneath on both sides 4-5 obsolete veins (when dry, somewhat prominent) in pairs, 4-2.5 inches long.

Hoya Leaves from Holotype Sheets Taken from Herbarium Type sheets (or from the Type plant). Copied and cropped to isolate one or a few leaves. Species and author, date of publication and type number, Collection location, followed by leaf shape, size and nerve angle with the midrib.

Hoya acicularis Green & Kloppenburg, 1992. Type, Danum Valley, Sabah, Eastern Malaysia; Green No. 93031, (BISH) 1/24/91 from Tenom Orchid Center. needle-like, , 0.3 cm. x 0.66-1.8 cm., 1Ë&#x161;.

Hoya aeschynanthoides Schlechter. Borneo: on trees at Long Dett in the state of Koetei. Densely leaved; with leaves shortly petioled, broad ovate-elliptic, acute, pilose (felt like) on both sides, 1.5-2.3 cm. long, nearly 1-1.8 cm. wide, petiole hispid 0.3-0.5 cm. long.

Hoya alagensis (Schlechter) Kloppenburg 1990, Type 5524 (B). Elevation 150m. Collected by E D. Merrill November 1906 on the Alag River, Mindanao, Philippines. E Ac, 10 x 3.84.2, 53Â°.

Hoya aldrichii Hemsley 1890. No type listed. Picture from #94 (SING) leaves being 3 to 5 nerved longitudinally, all of them natives of the Malayan region. Captain Maclear collected the same plant, but without flowers. O Ac, 8 - 12 cm. long, 4 - 4.5 cm. wide, 32˚.

Hoya amblyoepsis Schlechter (unp.) Type 4545 (B). Collected on Palawan, Philippines May 1906 by H. M. Curran. Ob E Ob, 4.2-8.5 x 2.5-5, 22°.

Hoya amoena Bakhuizen 1950. Typus 20341b (L). Collected 19 Oct. 1895 from Besoeki, Java, Indonesia. Elevation 10m. E Ac, 8-11 x 3.5-3.7, 82 -104°.

Hoya andalensis Kloppenburg 2005, Typus #20051 (UC). Typus #20051 (UC). Collected by E. de Vogel? J. Vernaden at Padang, Air Sirah in a young secondary forest, Sumatra. Leaves opposite small, cupped below, ob-ovate 5.0 x 2.2 cm. Base cuneate.

Hoya angustisepala Schltr. Ex Elmer) ex Burton 1987, Type 10829 (B) a synonym of H. coriacea Blume 1826, Collected by A. E. D. Elmer in June 1909 on Mt. Apo, Mindanao, Philippines. O E Ac, 58-62째. Also at (US), 49-64째. Anastomosing.

Hoya anncajanoae Kloppenburg & Siar. Typus 56571 (CAHUP) collected 16-20 May 1991 Elevation 110-800m Bicol National Park, Luzon, Philippines. R Ob, 6.8-10.6 x 2.4-4.6.

Hoya angustisepala Schlechter Type of Hoya mindorensis Elmer. Isotype 10829 (L). Collected June 1909 on Mt. Apo, Mindanao, Philippine. Later described by Burton 1987 and subsequently placed into Synonymy as H. coriacea Blume 2001 by Kloppenburg. E Ac, 11-16.2 x 4-6, 57째.

Hoya anulata Schlechter 1902, Type 14185 (B). Collected 4 February 1902 by Schlechter at Ramu, New Guinea. Elevation 400m. E Ob, 5.5-7.7 x 3.2-4.3, 29째.

Hoya archboldiana C. Norman 1937 Type 3621 (NY). Collected by L. J. Brass April 1933, Rona, New Guinea. Elevation 450m. EC Ap, 12.3-14.8 x 6. 17, 60°.

Hoya attenuata Christophersen 1935. Type 2164 Christophersen UC). Savaii: forests above Letui, altitude 1000 meters, flowers, September 27, 1929, Christophersen no. 7595 x 1.66- 6.5 x 1.9 - 8 x 2.8 cm. 40˚ ?.

Hoya aurantiaca Kloppenburg & Siar 2009, Type 70395 (CAHUP).Oblanceolate acute, triplinerved, 7.5-13 x 3-5, 10°.

Hoya australis subsp nathalieae Kloppenburg & Siar, Type 69917 (CAHUP). Collected by Nathalie Evelensdaughter at the Morsby Botanical Garden, New Guinea in 2005. R C Ap, 6.5 x 3.6.

Hoya bandanensis Schlechter 1908, Type 13663 (B). Collected 8 October 1901 at Banda-Archipel, Molucca. E Ac, 10-12 x 5-7.

Hoya benguetensis Schlechter 1906, Type 5979 (B). Collected by A. E. D. Elmer March 1904 at Baguio, Benguit, Luzon, Philippines. O E Ac, 6-10 x 2.5- 4, 22째.

Hoya benvergarai Kloppenburg & Siar 2008 Typus 70357 (CAHUP). Collected by Siar & Cajano. Elevation 30m. E L Ac, 9-13 x 2-3, 15°. Anastomosing, quintuplinerved.

Hoya betchei (Schlechter) Whistler, Type s. n. (B). Collected by E Betche 11 December 1880. E Ac, 6.5-9 x 1.9-2.2, 45°.

Hoya bhutanica Grieson & Long 1979. Collected at S. Bhutan: Hastisar, 460 m, In dense forest”. Ludlow, Sherriff & Hicks 18506 (holo. BM). Leaves elliptic (6.5) 9-15 x (2.75) 3-4.5 cm., apex acute base rounded, trinerved, lateral veins produced ½ above, slightly leathery, glabrous, margined entire.

Hoya bicknellii Kloppenburg, Type 1470 (UC), ex hort. Collected by David Bicknell at Matutinao, (Kawasan) Bidian Cebu, Philippines. O Ap, 9-12 x 4.5-6, 35째.

Hoya bicolor Kloppenburg 2003, Typus 67050 (CAHUP) collected by Renaldo Pimentel from Mt. Banahaw, Quezon Province, Luzon, Philippines. E Ac, 9.4-12.8x4.8-6.4, 42째.

Hoya bilobata Schlechter 1906. Isotype 420 (L) collected by Copeland on Mindanao, Davao Dist., Philippines, March 1904. R, 1.5 x 1.5, 21째. Type at (B)

Hoya bordenii Schlechter 1906, Type 1213 (B). Collected by T. E. Borden June 1904 at Lamao river Mt. Merivales, Bataan, Luzon, Philippines. Elevation 650m. L Ac, 11-18 x 2.5-4.4, 15Â°.

Hoya brevialata Kleijn & van Donkelaar Type IPPS 8836 (L), Indonesia, Central Sulawesi. Province: Tentena, in clove plantation. O Ac, 5.2-4.6 cm. x 3.0-3.4 cm, pinnate, 46Ë&#x161;.

Hoya brittonii Kloppenburg Type 19519 (PNH). Collected by B. B. Britton 5 May 1953 at Badoc, Calapan, Mindoro, Philippines. Elevation 200m, Ob L Ac, 4.5-8 x 1.5-2.3, 24째.

Hoya buotii Kloppenburg, Typus 67049 (CAHUP). Collected from Mt. Banahaw, Quezon Province, Philippines. E Ro, 5.2-9.2 x 2-3, 52째.

Hoya burtoniae Kloppenburg 1990. Type s. n. (UC). Collected by Loher in Rizal Prov, Luzon. Philippines Sept. 1909 O, 3-4 x 1.4-2.

Hoya buruensis Miquel 1869. Type s. n. (L). Collected Moluccas, Indonesia. E Ro, 8-11 x 4-5.2, 25°.

Hoya cagayanensis (Schlechter) Burton 1987, Type 7374 (B). Collected by M. Ramos at Cagayan, Luzon, Philippines March 1909.E Ac, 8 x 3, 30°. Also at (US) 34°.

Hoya callistophylla Green 2000. Type 201 ex hort. (BISH). Collected From Nabawan, Sabah, Eastern Malaysia. Elliptic to lanceolate, 10-20cm long x 6-l0cm wide x l mm thick, matte surface, light green with dark green veins, lateral veins approx.60° to midvein; edge hard, irregular and sharp. Pinnate. 48-100˚.

Hoya calycina Schlechter 1908, Type 17510 (B). Collected by Schlechter 26 March 1905 Kani Mts. At 1100m elevation.. O C Ac, 9-11 x 3-3.5, 60°.

Hoya campanulata Blume. Type s. n. (L). Collected at Burangarang, Indonesia. E Ro, 7.1-12.5 x 35, 45°.

Hoya cardiophylla Merrill 1920, type Dinagat, Bur. Sci. 35160 Ramos & Pascasio, May 13, 1919, on tree trunks at low altitudes. 5 to 7 cm. long. 4.5 to 5 cm wide, pale when dry, glabrous or the younger ones slightly ciliate near the basal margins, the base broadly rounded and distinctly cordate. 50˚.

Hoya carrii Forster & Liddle. Type 15904 (NY) Collected by C.E. Carr in Paua New Guinea. Altitude 1376m. 8-10.2 x 2-3 mm. EL Ac. 25-30º.

Hoya caudata Hooker f. 1883 Isotype 1128 (L). Collected in Malaya by Maingay. Distributed to Kew 1871. O Ob Ac, 9-13 x 5-7, 42°.

Hoya cebuensis Kloppenburg & Siar, Type XXXX (CAHUP). Collected by David Bicknell at Matutenao, Bidian, Cebu, Philippines. Elevation 10m. O L Ac, 9 x 4.

Hoya cembra (H. leucantha Schltr. Unpublished) Kloppenburg 1990, Type 5650 (B). Collected by E. D. Merrill on the Alag River, Mindoro, Philippines Nov 1906. Elevation 300m. L Ro, 8-10 x 2-3, 73°. Also at (US), 63°.

Hoya chlorantha Rechinger Holotype # 1011 (BISH). Collected on the Island of Upolu, in the forest near Tiavi climbing high up in the trees. May 1905 Elliptic acute. 10 cm x 2 cm., 40˚.

Hoya chlorantha var. tutuilensis Christophersen type1011, type in B. P. Bishop Museum; scrub forest, top of Le Pioa, altitude 500 meters. Elliptic lanceolate acute, agreeing in characters of the leaf with the type of the variety. 32˚.

Hoya chloroleuca Schlechter 1913, Type 30314 (B). Collected 22 September 1909 by Schlechter in Torricelli Mts. NE New Guinea. Elevation 800m. E Ac, 6-8 x 2-2.3, 32°.

Hoya clandestina Blume 1848. (Under the H. macrophylla heading.) except for the corona structure, easily confused with a species hear-to-for unpublished, H. (Physostemma) clandestina, which I found in each mountain locality in Java and possessed in like manner with similar foliage nerves. 12.5-20 x 4-7.1 cm. L Ac, 23º.

Hoya collina Schlechter 1913, Type 18114 (B). Collected by Schlechter in August 1908 In the Finisterre Mts., New Guinea. Elevation 400m. E OE Ob, 3.5-5.5 x 1.8-2.7. 20°.

Hoya cumingiana Decaisne 1844. Type 1480 (L) collected by H. Cuming in Philippines. R E Ac, 2.7-3.1x 2-2.2. 55˚

Hoya coriacea Blume 1826 Type s. n. (L) Labeled first as Hoya fraterna Bl. Herb. Lugd. Batav. E Ac, 11-12 x 4.5-5.2, 40째.

Hoya crassicaulis Elmer ex Kloppenburg. Isotype 14440 (UC). Collected by A. E. D. Elmer at Mt. Buluson, Sorsegon, Luzon, Philippines, October 1915. Elevation 76m. E Ac, 21째.

Hoya crassipes Turczaninow 1848. Type Zoll. coll. n. 2581. From the Island of Java. Twining, leaves petiolate elliptic or obovate, the base attenuate, briefly acuminate, fleshy veinless glabrous. RO Ap, 7-9.5 x 4.2- 5.6, 42°.

Hoya darwinii Loher 1910. Holotypus 14574 (UC) collected by A. Loher Sept 1909 at Rizal, Luzon, Philippines. Ob L Ac, 8.5-11 x 2-3, 72°.

Hoya davidcummingii Kloppenburg 1995, Type: #9 (BISH); isotype (UC), discovered by David Cumming 1.5 Km. from Lake Bulusan turn off towards the lake at the forest edge, when coming from Irosin. Elevation ca. 500’. Elliptic acute, veins not visible but pinnate, 5-7.5 cm. long, widest about the middle 22.5 cm.

Hoya deykei Green 1990. Type 9912 ex hort (BISH) . Collected from Atjeh Barat, Sumatra, Indonesia. truncate to emarginate leaves and ovate. 5 12cm long x 5 - 8cm wide x 2 - 2.5mm thick, matte surface. 45Ë&#x161;.

Hoya diptera Seemann 1861, type 320 Viti Levu and Taviuni, on trees, Fiji. Ovate-elliptic acute. 3.5-8 cm. long, (1-) 2-3.2 cm. broad

Hoya dischorensis Schlechter 1913, Type 19834 (B). Collected by Schlechter in the Dischore Mts., Wari region, NE New Guinea in June 1909. Elevation 900m. O E Ac, 6.5- 11.5 x 2.8-5, 44Â°.

Hoya diversifolia Blume 1826. Type s. n. (L) Collected in Java. E Ap, 7-8 x 4.3-5, 45째.

Hoya diversifolia Blume 1826. Type s. n. (L) Collected in Java. This is listed in Leiden under Hoya kuhlii Koorders in 1910. The original label says Hoya diversifolia Blume by Blume from Java. There are 4 stems on sheet and it seems to me 2 species. I have shown the 2 leaf types here. E Ac, 11-12 x 4.5-5.2, 45째.

Hoya dolichosparte Schlechter 1916, Type 20642 (B). Collected by Schlechter January 1910 in Sulawesi near Tolitoli. Elevation 10m. O R Ob, 9-13.5 x 6.5-9, 40째.

Hoya edanoi C. M. Burton 1990 type 11655 (A). rotund obtuse. 40˚.

Hoya eitapensis Schlechter 1909, Type 19964 (B). Collected by Schlechter 11 August 1909 at Eitape, NE New Guinea. Elevation 20m.. E Ob, 3-5 x 1.2-2, 31°.

Hoya elmeri Schlechter unpublished Type 88906 (B). collected by A. E. D. Elmer at Benguet, Baguio, Luzon, Philippines March 1907. O E Ac, 9 x 3.5, 31°.

Hoya epedunculata Schlechter 1913, Type 20102 (B) Collected by Schlechter 8 Sept. 1909 in Torricelli Mts. NE New Guinea. Elevation 900m. E Ap, 11-18.5 x 4.5-7.5, 55°.

Hoya erythrina Rintz Type 117 (L). Collected by Rintz 27 Sept. 1976 at Sungai, Teranum, Pahang, Malaysia. Elevation 610m. L Ac, 9-12.5 x 2.3-4, 12°.

Hoya exilis Schlechter 1913, Type 17865 (B). Collected by Schlechter in June 1907 at Albo. NE New Guinea. Elevation 300m. E L Ac (Ro), 5-10 x 1.5 – 3, 56°.

Hoya faoensis Kloppenburg & Siar, Type 5714 (HAW). Collected by Art Whistler on Mt. Fao, Upolu, Samoa. Elevation 500m. O E Ap, 4-5 x 2.2. anastomosing, 37°.

Hoya fetuana Kloppenburg, Type W2765 (HAW). Collected by Dr. Art Whistler 5 July 1975at Tutuila, Samoa. Elevation 500m. E At, 5.3-5.5 x 1.2-2, 43°.

Hoya fitchii Kloppenburg & Siar 2010. collected by Charles Marsden Fitch in 1988, Luzon, Philippines. Foliage is quintuplinerved, with the second pair of nerves nearly reaching the apex, outer connecting nerves anastomosing Nervation white or lighter green than the leaf blade color. 30˚.

Hoya flavescens Schlechter 1913, Type 17623 (B) Collected by Schlechter 28 April 1908 at Kani Mts, NE New Guinea. Elevation 800m. L Ob Ac, 10-16 x 3.7-4.3, 40°.

Hoya forbesii King & Gamble 1903, Type 2896 a (K). Collected by H. O. Forbes at Kaba Volcano, Sumatra in 1881. Elevation 1524m. E Ac, 10-17.5 x 6.3-10, 43°.

Hoya fraterna Blume 1849 twining, glabrous; leaves leathery ovate-oblong elliptic acuminate base rounded somewhat veined above the petiole callous-glandulose. Notation: The drawings in both Botanical Magazine and Fleur des Serres are not of Hoya Fraterna. A mistake due to Lobb's deception of collection locations. There is no type mentioned nor designated in the Type description. The leaf here is taken from a 1910 sheet s.n. (L) designated as the Type. ? 10.5 x 4-5.3 cm. 42°.

Hoya fungii Merrill 1934. leaves leathery, penninerved, elliptic to oblong, 8 to 14 cm. long, 4.5 to 8 cm. wide, when dry pale, opaque, both sides glabrous uniform color or below a little paler, apexes acute and shortly acuminate, base rounded, midrib thick, below strongly elevated, lateral nerves on both sides about 7, not at all evident, arched meeting at the margins, about 30° angle with the midrib, reticulations loose, obscure; petiole 1.5 to 3 cm. long, glabrous.

Hoya gigantangensis Kloppenburg 1992, Type #36787 PNH collected by Yoshio Kondo & G. Edano 26 March 1957, at Gigantangan, Leyte, Philippines. Elliptic acute. 11-16 cm. x 2.4- 2 cm., pinnate venation, both surfaces glabrous. 31˚

Hoya gildingii Kloppenburg 2001, type Typus 97009 ex hort. Eva Karina Wiberg, Borlänge, Sweden, ex hort (BISH), From Mt. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia (Bukit Tapai Trail) 1995. Lanceolate elliptic, 85˚.

Hoya glabra Schlechter 1908, Type 13458 (B). Collected by Schlechter in August 1901 at Long-Wahau, Borneo. O Ac, 14-16 x 7.5- 9.5, 37°.

Hoya gracilipis Schlechter 1908 (not type) 20213 (B) Collected by Schlechter in Torricelli Mts., NE New Guinea. Elevation 1100m E L Ac, 7.5-10 x 2-3, 67°.

Hoya gracilis Schlechter 1908 Type s.n . (B). Collected by Sammlers (a native) in June 1886 at Talisso, Celebes (Sulawesi). L E Ac, 5.5-7.5 x 1.82.3, 18°.

Hoya greenii Kloppenburg 1995. Holotype BISH. #7. collected Mt. Apo, Mindanao, Philippines at 4000’ elevation, on trail to hot springs lake. 12-15 cm. long x 3-4 cm. wide, narrowly elliptic. 90˚.

Hoya hainanensis Merrill 1923. Typus 9750 (UC). Collected by McClure May 1922, Hainan, China. RE Ac, 31째.

Hoya halconensis (Schltr.) Kloppenburg 1990 Type 5674 (B). Collected by E. D. Merrill on Mt. Halcon, Mindoro, Philippines. Elevation 900m, E Ac, 8-12 x 3.7-5.5, 35째.

Hoya halophila Schlechter 1913, Type 19968 (B). Collected by Schlechter in August 1909 on the beach at Eitape, NE New Guinea. Elevation 10m. R O Ap, 3.5-5 x 2.3-3.4, 70째.

Hoya heuschkeliana Kloppenburg 1989, Type 2175 (CAHUP) collected Luzon (northern portion of Lake Bulusan, Sorsogon, Philippines), epiphytic on trees at ca. 50 m alt. ovate-elliptic obtuse, base wedge-shaped. 2.5 cm. long x 0.5-2 cm. wide at the middle, 56˚.

Hoya heuschkeliana subsp. cajanoae Kloppenburg & Siar 2007. Type 56574 (CAHUP), ovate 2.5 – 4.8 x 1.9 -2.9 cm. glabrous. 56˚.

Hoya hyploasia Schlechter 1913, Type 18075 (B). Collected by Schlechter in July 1908 at Wabe river in the Finisterre Mts. N. New Guinea. Elevation 400m. L Ac. 12-20 x 3.3-5.3, 55°.

Hoya incurvula Schlechter 1916, Type 20451 (B). Collected by Schlechter in Minahassa, Sulawesi in November 1909. Elevation 800m. R E Ob, 2.5-4 x 1.2-2.

Hoya intermedia A. C. Smith. Type 399 (UC). Collected in Thankaunirove, Fiji 12 Nov. 1833. Elevation 10m. OE Ac, 4045째. Also at (US). 35째.- 40째.

Hoya intermedia Schlechter 1913. an unpublished species. Leaf blades: thin many in close clusters 6-10 cm. mostly 7.5 cm. long. glabrous, narrowly elliptic, thick base narrowing into petiole, apex acute long tapering to sub rounded. Waxy rounded leaf edge.Petiole 1-1.5 cm long, thin. There are sheets at (BO, UC, PNH) #75500 labeled as this sp but they are not the same as the type (misidentified).

Hoya ischnopus Schlechter 1913 Type 19965 (B). Collected by Schlechter in August 1909 at Bulu NE New Guinea. Elevation 10m. O E Ac, 9-11 x 5-6, 41째.

100

Hoya juannguoana Kloppenburg 2002, type #2001 ex hort. Fresno, CA., USA. (UC). Collected in 1994 at St. Paul’s Underground River, (Sabang Bay area), Palawan, Philippines. 10.8-15 x5-6.5 cm. Elliptic apiculate, 43˚.

Hoya kastbergii Kloppenburg 2003,. Holotypus 102003 (UC), collected at Bau, south West from Kuching, Sarawak, Borneo, elevation of about 300 meters Rotund obtuse.

Hoya kenejiana Schlechter 1913, Type 18393 (B). Collected by Schlechter at Kenejia, NE New Guinea, on October 1908. Elevation 150m. O E Ob, 6-10 x 2 - 2.3. 60˚.

Hoya krohniana Kloppenburg & Siar 2009. Type 70365 (CAHUP) Leaf from type plant. R O C Ap, 1.5 x 1, 85-105°.

101

Hoya kuhlii Koorders. 1912 (also labeled Hoya rumphii var. Collected in Java (Herb. Lugd. Batav.) First as Dischidia longifolia (crossed out). Type s.n. (L). L Ac, 9.2-14.5 x 2-4.2, 3844°.

Hoya kuhlii Koorders s. n. (L) First labeled Acanthostemma Blume by Wight from Java. Later as Hoya rumphii Blume β kuhlii and in 1947 as H. kuhlii by Backhuizon. It should be (Bl,) Koorders. L Ac, 12 x 3.3, 18°.

102

Hoya lacunosa Blume 1826. Type s. n. (L) collected in Java Herb. Ludg. Batav. O Ac, 2.4-3 x 1.5-2, 85-90Â°.

Hoya lambii Green Holotype: Bishop Museum, Ted Green No 9905 ex hort. Ted Green of Kaaawa, Hawaii. From Sabah, Eastern Malaysia, 85-1979. Elliptic, 10-15cm long x 6-10cm wide. 50Ë&#x161; looping.

Hoya lancilimba Merrill 1932. Collected at Hainan, Hung Mo Shan, Ip Yulc Shing 18261, August 23, 1929, on the north slope of the mountain. leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, flashy, leathery 11 to 14 cm. long 2.5 to 3.5 cm. wide, both ends somewhat equally narrow, base acute, apex acute acuminate, in the dry state pale, wrinkled, with few primary nerves on either side, spreading, obscure arching and anastomosing; petioles thick, 2 to 3 cm. long.

103

Hoya latifolia G. Don 1838, type 138a Native of Penang. Leaves 7 -10 in, long, and 4-10 broad. Broad-leaved Hoya. 33˚.

Hoya leucorhoda Schlechter 1913. Type 18212 (UC). 14 June 1908 In Keiser Wilhamsland, New Guinea. Elevation 1200m OS Ro, 40°. Holotype at (B).

Hoya liangii Tsiang 1936. Collected at Hainan: Nagi Yuen, H. Y Liang 62867 (Type), Sept. 3, 1933; Lingshui, C. F. How 73935m Oct. 21, 1935. Leaves fleshy obovate or obovate-oblong 4.5 to 7.5 cm. long 3 to 4.5 cm. wide, apex rounded or obtuse, base somewhat cordate or rounded, above shiny green below dull when dry pale yellow, lateral nerves 4 in pairs, veins faint, above the petiole 2 to 5 glands, petiole thick 1.5 cm. long. 44°.

104

Hoya linavergarae Kloppenburg & Siar 2006, Type (CAHUP). Collected in Isabella Province, Luzon, Philippines. Foliage opposite, glabrous blade 4-5 x 1.1-2.7 cm.

Hoya littoralis Schlechter 1905, Type 13675 (B). Collected by Schlechter in October 1901 at Keiser Wilhelmsland, New Guinea. Elevation low. E L Ac, 4.5-7 x 1.3-2.

Hoya loheri Kloppenburg 1991, Type s. n. (UC) Collected by A Loher March 1916 in Paningtingan, Rizal, Luzon, Philippines. E Ob.

Hoya loyceandrewsiana Green 1994.Type 9301, (BISH), 15-25 cm long 10-20 cm wide, triplinerved, 60Ë&#x161;.

105

Hoya luzonica Schlechter 1904, Type 13765 (B). Collected by Dr. Warburg on Lamo River, Mt. Mariveles, Luzon, Philippines. O OB-Ac, 9-13 x 5-6, 47째. Same as H. meliflua.

Hoya lyi Leveille 1907. Collected at Koay ToHedu; environs de Gan-Pin 20 Septembre 1891. Lion Matin et J. Seguin No. 1853 Tsien-Sen-kiao Novembre 1904 No. 1879 (Sean Ly). No type is specifically designated. The sheet at (NY) is Y. Tsing 4738. 5-8.6 x 2.1-2.8 cm.

Hoya macgregorii Schlechter 1906, Type 191 (B). Collected by McGregor April- May 1905 on Baco River, Mindanao, Philippines, L E Ac,.5-3.5, 35째.

106

Hoya macrophylla Blume 1826. Type s.n. (L). Also labeled Hoya clandestina Blume. LE Ac, 14-22 x 4.5-7.5, 18Â°.

Hoya marginata Schlechter 1905, type 13688 (B). Oct. 1901 elevation 200m Neu-Pommern Ovate acuminate, 5-7 nerved 13-17cm long, in the middle 5.5 - 10 cm. broad, 38Ë&#x161;.

107

Hoya matavanuensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2008, Type 9539 (HAW). Collected by Art Whistler 9 May 1994 On Savaii, Western Samoa. Elevation 650m. E Ac-Ro, 2.5-5 x 1-1.5, 48Â°.

Hoya mcgregorii Schlechter 1906, Type 191 (B), April- May 1905, Baco River, Mindoro, Philippines. Leaves lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate, glabrous coriaceous; 7-11 cm. long 2.5 -3.5 cm. wide in the middle, triplinerved, 20Ë&#x161;.

Hoya memoria Kloppenburg 2004, Type 81084 (UC). Collected from Memorial Gdns. Manila, Philippines, From they type plant. O L Ac.

Hoya mengtzeensis Mengtze, Taitang, in N. Y. Bot. Gard., isotype

Tsiang & Li 1974. Collected at Yunnan: elevated-over rocks, A. Henry 11368 Type Arn. Arb. and merotype Kwangtung Bot.

108

Inst. Foliage thinner than general, lanceolate, apexes acuminate, base attenuate and running down into the petiole 6-11 cm long, 1.5 -2 cm broad, midrib impressed above, nerves and veinlets when dried rugose, petioles 1-2 cm long provided with 2-3 small bunched glands at apex. 23°.

Hoya meredithii Green 1989, Type Meredith 80-05 (BISH), iso (NY) The foliage is rather rigid, the edge undulant, 3 to 7 inches wide and nearly 12 inches long. The pinnate reticulate venation is deep dark green. 36˚.

Hoya merrillii Schlechter 1904, Type 2218 (B). Collected BY E. D. Merrill at Polo, Mindro, Philippines in May 1903 (Type sheet says May 1898). O Ac, 6-9 x 5-6.5, 34°.

Hoya microphylla Schlechter 1913, Type 18614 (B). Collected in November 1908 in the Bismark Mts. Elevation 1100M NE New Guinea. E O Ob, 1.2-1.7 x 0.7-1.2. 45°.

Hoya microstemma Schlechter 1913, Type 20190 (B). Collected by Schlechter in the Torricelli Mts. NE New Guinea, elevation 800m, in September 1908. L E Ob, 1.2-3.4 x 0.7-1.5, 35°.

109

Hoya minahassae Schlechter 1916, Type 20434 (B). Collected by Schlechter near Tomohon, Sulawesi, elevation 800m. in November 1909. L Ac, 3.5-7,5 x 1.52.1.

Hoya mindorensis Schlechter 1906, Type 332 (B). Collected by R. C. McGregor April-may 1905 in Mindoro, Baco River, Philippines. L Ap, 9-12 x 3.5-4.5, 33Â°.

Hoya mitrata Kerr 1940, Type Kerr 13152. Thailand (Siam). Surat, Ban Tong Tao, ca. 10 m., in evergreen forest, Leaves oblanceolate or elliptic, base rounded and lightly eared, apexes briefly acuminate, margins flat, 6.5 to l2 cm long, 4.7 to 6 cm wide, 55-75Ë&#x161;.

110

Hoya montana Schlechter 1913, Type 17859 (B). Collected by Schlechter in The Kani Mts. NE New Guinea, June 1908, elevation 600m. OB E Ac. 7.5-11 x 3.5-5, 48째.

Hoya multiflora Blume 1823. Type 354 (L) 2 sheets with same number. Collected in Tjibodas, Indonesis. Herb. Lugd. Batav. L Ac, 7 x 3, 55- 62째. LE Ro, 8.7-10 x 2.7-3.5, 45째.

111

Hoya nabawanensis Kloppenburg & Wiberg, Type 2002 (UC), here from type plant. Collected by Wiberg et al at Nabawan, Sabah, Malaysia. O L Ac, 6-10 x 2.5-4.

Hoya naumanii Schlechter 1908, Type 1896 (B). Collected by Naumann on Bougainville, Solomon Islands, (Now New Guinea) 26 August 1875, E Ap, 10 x 7.5, 46째.

Hoya neo-caledonica Schlechter, 1906 Type 15396 (B). Collected by Schlechter in December 1902 in the forest of Berge near Oubatche, New Caledonia. Elevation 600m. O Ac, 5-9 x 3-5, 28째.

112

Hoya nervosa Tsiang et P. T. Li 1974. Collected at Yunnan: Szemao, large climber on tree, fls. white, A. Henry 12994 (Typus! in N. Y. Bot. Gard. and merotype in Kwangtung Bot. Inst.). Leaves large ovate or ovate-oblong 8.5 to 17 cm long 4 to 6.3 cm wide, apexes acute or shortly acuminate and bases rounded, costa nerves and veins very conspicuous; lateral nerves 5 to 6 pairs arching-ascending anastomosing next to margins veins reticulate, petiole strong 1 to 2 cm long with a few glands at apex, 2 to 3 together. 58°.

Hoya nuuulensis Kloppenburg & Siar, Type 8505 (HAW). Collected by Dr. Art Whistler at Nu’uuli, Tutuila, Samoa 16 April 1992. Elevation 1m. L Acute, 6.8 x 2. 10˚.

Hoya nyhuusiae Kloppenburg 2003, type 2003 ex hort. (UC), collected by Torill Nyhuus at Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaya. Lanceolate acute.

Hoya obscura Elmer ex Merrill ex Burton 1986. Type 16419 (L) collected by A.E. D. Elmer July 1916 at Trosin, Mt. Bulusan, Sorsegon, Luzon, Philippines. Ob Ac, 7 x 3. 33°. Also at (UC).

113

Hoya obscurinervia Merrill 1923. Type 8919 (UC). Collected by McClure 1919 in Hainan, China. E Ac. 25Ë&#x161;.

Hoya obtusifolia Wight 1834. Lectotype HB 1170 (U). Also labeled Hoya teysmanniana Miquel 1856. Collected in Sumatra, Indonesis (Sitabah). E Ob, 6-12.5 x 3-5, 75Â°.

114

Hoya odetteae Kloppenburg 1998, Type 5604 (BISH); isotype (UC); (PNH). Collected by Odette Cumming at Patin-ay 1 Bridge, Mindanao, Philippines. : l x 2-7 cm. Lanceolate. Matte midrib prominent, secondary veins obscure.

Hoya odorata Schlechter 1906, Type 3202 (B). Collected by A. E. D. Elmer at Mt. Meraveles, Baatan, Luzon, Philippines in January 1904. Elevation 1300m. L E Ac, 3.5-5 x 1.3-2.2, 68°.

Hoya oligantha Schlechter 1913, Type 20176 (B). Collected by Schlechter in the Torricelli Mts. NE New Guinea in September 1909. Elevation 800m. E L Ap- sub Ac, 2.3-3 x 0.50.8.

Hoya oleoides Schlechter 1913, Type 19781 (B). Collected by Schlechter in Dischore Mts. NE New Guinea in June 1909. Elevation 1300m. E Ac, 5.5-7.5 x 2.4-3.5, 51°.

Hoya opposita G. Don 1837 collected in the East Indies by Vahl 1804. Type 72 (C), elliptic-lanceolate apex rostrate, base somewhat cuneate, pinnate anastomosing, typically 9.5 cm. long and 3.5 cm. at the widest near the center. 7 side nerves netted and looping, midribs not prominent. Glabrous all over. 42-58˚

115

Hoya oreostemma Schlechter 1913, Type 17688 (B). Collected By Schlechter At Keiser Willhemsland NE New Guinea in November 1908. Elevation 1300m.( says 1000m on Type sheet) L E AC, 6.5-17 x 1.5-4.3, 54°.

Hoya ovalifolia Wight & Arnott 1834. Wight. catalogue #1522. glabrous, leaves fleshy ovate, acuminate at both ends. LE Ac, 4-6.7 x 2.5-2.8, 36º.

Hoya padangensis Schlechter 1916, Type 15916 (B). Collected by Schlechter at Padang, Pandjang, Sumatra, Indonesia January 1907, Elevation 900m. L Ac. 7-8 x 1.6-2, 17°.

116

Hoya palawanica (Schlechter) Kloppenburg 1990. Type 834 (B). Collected by F, W. Foxworthy in Mangrove swamps, Palawan, Philippines 1904. L Ac, 14 x 3.5-4, 29°, anastomosing.

Hoya pallilimba Kleijn & van Donkelaar, 1999, Type IPPS 8864 (L ), collected by Ted Green, Morowali Reserve, near mouth of Ranu River, Sulawesi. Leaves 3--8 cm long, ovate, acute, ca. 54˚.

Hoya panayensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2010, Type (BO) isotype (UC). Collected by McGregor in May, Antigue Prov., Panay, Philippines. L Ac ( E Ac), 33°.

117

Hoya panchoi Kloppenburg 1988. Type 15937 (L) labeled Hoya diversifolia Elmer Isotype of Hoya bulusanensis Elmer Collected on Mt. Bulusan, Sorsogon, Luzon, Philippines May 1916. Elevation 475m. R, 1.3 x 1.1, & O Ac, 2.5 x 1.2. 2 leaf types.

Hoya pandurata Tsiang 1939. Collected at Yunnan: Sze-Mao, A. Henry l2258 (Type in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gar., Merotype and Analytical Drawing in Herb. Suny. Univ.. Leaves erect spreading, a little fleshy, glabrous pandurate or narrowly oblong, margins involute, apex acuminate base rounded and in China very slenderly 2-eared 4 to 7 cm. long and 1 cm. wide. L Ro, 5.9-6.9 x 1.3, Sheets at (BO, UC. PNH).

Hoya papuana Schlechter 1913, Type 14400 (B). Collected by Schlechter in the Toricelli Mts. NE New Guinea on 24 April 1902. Elevation 500-600m. 6-8 x 1-2.3, L E Ac.

Hoya parvifolia Schlechter 1908, Type 13307 (B). Collected by Schlechter 9 June 1901, at Danau Kotta, Sumatra, Indonesia, O E Ob, 1.2-1.7 x 0.8-1.

Hoya patella Schlechter 1913, Type 16375 (UC). Collected by Schlechter August 1907 at Wobbe, New Guinea. Elevation 300m. LE Ac. Also at (B) 6.5- 9 x 2.7-3.4, 42째.

118

Hoya paziae Kloppenburg 1990, Type 5618 (B), L Ac, 4.5-7 x 2.2-2.7, 900m, 50°. Also at (US), 63°.

Hoya pentaphlebia Merrill 1918. Typus 17411 (L). Collected March 1914 Samar, Philippines by M Ramos. O E Ac, 13-16 x 7.8-8.5. 28˚.

Hoya piestolepis Schlechter 1913, Type 19376 (B). Collected by Schlechter on Gomadjidji in the Waria Valley NE New Guinea 8 May 1909. Elevation 450m. Ob-E Ac, 8.5-15 x 5.5-7, 58°.

119

Hoya pimenteliana Kloppenburg sp. Nov. Typus #96034 UC. Type material from original collected plant. Original plant collected by Blas Hernaez at Casiguran, Quezon Province, Luzon, Philippines. E Ac : 6-10 cm. long; 2.5-3 cm wide; 30Ë&#x161;.

Hoya polystachya Blume 1849. Type s.n. (L). Collected by Blume in Java, Indonesia. O C Ac, 12-16.8 x 6-8, 50Â°.

120

Hoya poolei White & Francis 1928, Type Plate V., fig.2.). Leaf blades fleshy, lanceolate or elliptical, acuminate, venation indistinct in dried specimens, 6-9 cm. long, about thrice as long as broad.

Hoya phyllura Swartz 1931. Type 339 (K). Collected by Hans Winkler 24 November 1924 In Hara, West Borneo. Elevation 150m. E Ro, 52Â°.

Hoya pseudolittoralis Norman 1937, type 5990, collected Feb. 23, 1934, at Dagwa, Oriomo River, Western Division, British New Guinea, alt. 40 m. Type in British Museum (Natural History); duplicate in Britton Herbarium. New York Botanical Garden. Leaves ovata acuta sine nervis, 7 x 3-9 x 4.5 cm., 25Ë&#x161;.

121

Hoya pubifera Elmer1938. Isotype 16941 (L). Collected by Elmer August 1916, Mt. Bulusan, Sorsogon, Luzon, Philippines.LE – Ac, 9.5-14.9 x 2-3, 42°. Also at (US).

Hoya pulchella Schlechter 1913, Type 20103 (B). Collected by Schlechter 8 September 1909 in the Toricelli Mts. NE New Guinea. Elevation 900m. O Ob , 1.5-2.5 x 0.9-1.3, 43°.

Hoya purpureofusca Hooker 1850, type Tab. 4520, four or five inches long, exactly ovate, acute, or shortly acuminate, thick, fleshy, five-nerved, the nerves all diverging from the base, 35˚.

122

Hoya pusilla Rintz 1978. Lectotype 55 (L). Collected by Rintz 4 June 1976 at Sangai Tahan, Malaysia. Elevation 500m. L E Ac, 1.5-9.4 x 12.2, 41째.

Hoya querinoensis Kloppenburg & Siar Typus 41945 (CAHUP) collected by Maximo Wayet, Baguio Village, Querino 15 Sept. 1988. Elevation 150m. L Ac, 13.2-20.8x3.5-6.2, 32째.

123

Hoya quisumbingii Kloppenburg 1992. Typus 79412 (PNH). Co0llected by Quisumbing at Itbayat Is., Philippines. L, 6.8-11 x 1.8-2, 35째.

Hoya ramosii Kloppenburg & Siar. Type 7550 (UC) as Hoya intermedia Schlechter 1916. Collected by Ramos & Edano in Catanduanes, Luzon, Philippines. l Ac.

124

Hoya recurvula Kloppenburg 2000, Type #81009 (UC) ex hort. Leaves lanceolate, 8.0 - 12.0 cm. long by ca. 3.5 cm. wide. 39Ë&#x161;.

Hoya retusa Dalzell 1852, type not indicated. Leaves 3-4 mm. long, 6-7 mm. wide, surface channeled above

125

Hoya revoluta Wight ex Hooker 1883, type Kew Distrib. 1127, Collected at Malacca, Maingay . Leaves 1 ½ - 3 in. ovate or ovatelanceolate. 60˚.

Hoya rhodostele Ridley 1923, Type not mentioned. . Leaves thick; lanceolate acute, base cuneate: nerves invisible, 3 in. long, 1.5 in. wide. 42˚.

Hoya rhodostemma Schlechter 1913, Type 19627. Collected by Schlechter on 30 May 1909 in the Dischore Mts, NE New Guinea. Elevation 1200m. E Ac, 8.5-14 x 3.7-7.3, 46°.

Hoya rizaliana Kloppenburg 1991, type sheet s.n. (UC). A. Loher collected at Montalban, Rizal Province, Luzon, 3.6 cm. x 1.2 cm., ovate tapering more toward the petiole, enervis, glabrous.

126

Hoya rosarioae Kloppenburg & Siar, 2008, Type 5268 (CAHUP). Collected by Mazimo Wyatt, at Baguio Villiage, Benguet Prov., Luzon, Philippines. O Ap, 4.8-6.1 x 2-3.4, 44°.

Hoya rubida Schlechter 1901, Type 19948 (B). Collected on 5 November 1901 between Massawa and Cape Lambert, New Pommerania. Elevation Om. O-OE Ac, 4-6 x 23, 36°.

Hoya salweenica Tsang & Li. 1974, type Yü 23006 (Typus! In Herb. Inst. Bot. Kwangtung. Serv. Leaves elliptic or nearly oblong 1 to 12.5 cm. long 3.5 to 4.5 mm wide. 37˚.

Hoya schneei Schlechter 1921 s. n. (B). Collected by Dr. Schnee, January 1909 in Ponapae. L Ac, 8.2-17.8 x 3 – 5, 35°.

Hoya serpens Hooker 1883, type not mentioned, Leaves ½ - ¾ in. diam., ovate or very broadly elliptic, base rounded or subcordate, nerves obscure.

127

Hoya shepherdii Short ex Hooker 1861, type Tab. 5148, gathered by Drs. Hooker and Thomson in Sikkim-Himalaya, at elevations of 3000 to 4000 feet, and in Khasya. Leaves from two to (mostly) six inches long, not more than four lines wide.

Hoya siariae Kloppenburg 2002 Typus 67052 (CAHUP). Collected by Reymold Pimentel from Tayabas, Quezon, Luzon, Philippines., 15 March 2002. E Ac, 9.3-12 x 3.1-4.1, 15째.

128

Hoya sigillatis Green 2004, type 91024 (BISH) ex hort, collected Tenom Agricultural Park, Tenom, Sabah, Malaysia. Leaves elliptic with obtuse to cuneate base and acuminate tip 3.5-10cm long by 1-1.8 cm wide.

Hoya silvatica Tsiang et P. T. Li 1974. Collected at Yunnan: Gung-Shan, alt. 2000 m. C. W. Wang 66906 (Typus! in Herb. Inst. Bot. Kwangtung, servatus). Also (A, GRAY) Leaves papery to fleshy elliptic or elliptic-oblong above almost glabrous and beneath pubescent, dense near to the nerves, 8 to 11 cm long by 2.5 to 4 cm wide, apexes shortly acuminate bases cuneate, costa below lightly elevate, lateral nerves 7 to 10 pairs with veins conspicuously reticulate 2 or 3 glands above petiole, petiole 1 to 3 cm long, pubescent. 40째.

Hoya solaniflora Schlechter 1913 Type 18214 (UC). Collected by Schlechter in 6 September 1908 In Finisterre Mountains, New Guinea. Elevation 1200m. L Ac, 4.5-9 x 1.3-2.8 62째. Also at (B), 60째.

129

Hoya soligamiana Kloppenburg & Siar holotypus #69916 (CAHUP). Collected at Atimonian, Quezon, Luzon Philippines (at the foot of Mt. Banahaw).Ovato-ellipticus or ellipticus 9 – 13 cm. x 2 – 3 cm., apice acuminate, glabrous.

Hoya stenophylla Schlechter 1913, Type 20066 (B). Elevation 800m. Collected by Schlechter in 6 September 1909 at Toricelli. Mts, NE New Guinea, l Ap, 6.5-7.5 x 0.4.

Hoya stoneae Kloppenburg & Siar ex Hort. Type 68634 (CAHUP). Leaf from Type plant. Linear lanceolate Ac, 5-8.5 x 1.52.5.

Hoya subglabra Schlechter 1913, Type 18060 (B). Collected by Schlechter July 1908, upper Maijen NE New Guinea. Elevation 450m. E Ac, 9-13.5 x 3.5- 5.5, 50°.

130

Hoya subquintuplinervis Miquel 1869, type not designated. Collected Siam, prope Radboeri, ubi Tjang-Kemoi Leaves 3 3/4 -3 inches long, 3 -2 inches wide. 38˚.

Hoya tamaleaanus Kloppenburg, Type W2705 (HAW). Collected by Dr. Art Whistler 27 June 1975 on trail from Fagasa Pass & Matafas, Tutuila, Samoa. Elevation 350m. O AcRo, 4.5-5.5 x 2.5-3, 49°.

Hoya tauensis Kloppenburg & Siar. Collected by Dr. Art Whistler at 15 Jan 1974. Ta'u, Samoa.

Leaves glabrous, broadly ovate elliptic, edges undulate, glabrous, apex attenuate to apiculate acute, base obtuse, nerves 5 palmate visible on both surfaces central ones extend to near the apex, anastomosing, opposite; 6.7 - 9.7 cm. long 2.3 4.8 cm. widest near the middle. Petiole long medium heavy, glabrous, 1.6 - 1.8 cm. long ca 0.15 cm, in diameter, same color (buff) as the stem. O E Ap. 35°.

131

Hoya tenggerensis Bakhauizon f. 1950. Holotype 301 (U). Collecter 9 August 1907 at Tengger, Gunung, Java, Indonesia. O CAc, 7.5-11.2x 4-5.5, 42-35°.

Hoya tomataensis Green and Kloppenburg 2006, type 19086 (BISH). Collected in dry gulley on road to Tomato to Kolonadale Central Sualwesi. Leaf 10.7 cm. long x 3.8 cm. at the widest. 33˚.

Hoya tjadasmalangensis Bakh. f. 1950. Type 448β (L). Collected 25 October 1919, Malang, Java, Indonesia. First listed as Hoya macrophylla Blume in 1919 collected by W. F. Winckel. O Ac, 18 x 11, 40°.

132

Hoya torricellensis Schlechter 1913, Type 20315 (B). Collected by Schlechter 22 September 1909 at Torricelli Mts. NE New Guinea. Elevation 800m. E Ac, 9-14 x 4- 4.3, 53째.

Hoya treubiana Schlechter 1908, Type s. n. (B). Collected by Schlechter in the Torricelli Mts. September 1909. Elevation 800m. E Ac, 9-14 x 4- 4.3.

Hoya trigonolobus Schlechter 1905, Type 13736 (B). Collected by Schlechter 5 November 1901 near Madres, New Pomerania. Elevation 50m. O E Acute, 14 x 7, 38째.

133

Hoya tsangii Burton ex Kloppenburg Isotype 13372 (L). Collected August 1912 by A. E. D. Elmer on Mt. Cabadbaran, Mindanao, Philippines. l L, AC, 4.3-9 x 1.2 – 2.

Hoya tsoi Merrill 1934. Collected at Kwangtung: Sup-man-ta Shan, C. L. Tso 23455, July 29, 1933, altitude about 360 m. L Ac. 5.4-8 x 1.5-2.7. 54º

Hoya tutuilensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2008, Type 9089 (HAW). Collected by Art Whistler 5 January 1993 at Tutuila, Samoa. Elevation 180m. O L Ac, 5.5-6.5 x 3-3.5, 30°.

Hoya uncinata Teijsmann & Binnendijk 1863, type Mt Pantjar (W); below 800; forest. Leaves fleshy 0.09 long 0.035 wide, acuminate, with the base cuneate, above somewhat lacunose veined.

134

Hoya venusta Schlechter 1913, Type 18767 (B). Colected by Schlechter 23 November 1908 in the Bismark Mts. NE New Guinea. Elevation 2200m. L-EL Ob-Ac, 3-5 x 0.9-1.7, 49°.

Hoya verticillata (Vahl) G. Don 1837, type 72 (C). Native of the East Indies This leaf measures 7.5 cm. long and in the middle 3.1 cm. wide with a slight edge rolled under. 35-52˚.

Hoya vitellina Blume 1849 Type s. n. (L) labeled as collected by Blume I Java, Indonesia. L E Ac, 13.5 x 6. 48˚.

135

Hoya vitellinoides Bakhuizen Brink f. 1950, type 4181 (L). Java Western part, Batavia, Mt. Tjipoetih, near Tjiampea, alt. 800m. Leaves 14 to 16 cm long, 7 to 7.5 cm wide. 50˚.

Hoya warburgii Schlechter Unpublished, Type 17494 (B). R O Ap, 9.5-10.5 x 4.9-6, 42°.

Hoya wariana Schlechter 1913, Type 17430 (B). Collected by Schlechter 11 March 1908 in Decheregi in the Waria Valley, NE New Guinea. Elevation 400m. l 0b-Ac, 2.2-5.5 x 0.4-0.5.

136

Hoya wayetii Kloppenburg 1993, type 1989 (CAHUP) Iso (UC), collected by Maximo Wayet Baguio, Benguet Prov. Luzon, Philippines Leaf Blade: 5-14.5 cm. long x 1.5-2.7 cm. wide, thick, succulent, convex to nearly flat on the upper glabrous surface, 30-50Ë&#x161;.

Hoya weebella Kloppenburg 2005, type 20051 (UC), base rounded (obtuse) tapering (lanceolate) to a narrowly rounded apex. 0.18 cm. long and widest near the base 0.09 cm. apex with small apiculation.

Hoya wibergiae Kloppenburg 2001, Typus 951074 (UC). Collected by E. Wibergii at Estrella waterfall area Palawan Is., Philippines in 2000. O Ac, 6.5-11 x 4.2.

137

Hoya wightii Hooker 1883. Collected at Deccan Peninsula; from the Bombay Ghats to the Nilgherry Mts. There are 6 sheets at (US) Type  Hoya, n. 27, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. (NY). 5-6 x 2-2.9. 68º.

Hoya whistlerii Kloppenburg 2002, Isotype 3139 (B) Holotype (BISH). O Ap, 5.5-10.5 x 2.2-5.3, 59°.

138

`Data from Hoya Herbarium Sheets The following data is from a collection of copied herbarium sheets, many from Christine Burton and many other sources, including copies I made from Bogor, Singapore, Pertania & Kuala Lumpur in 1981 and later from PNH, CAHUP, UC, San Francisco Academy of Science, Dudley Herbarium, Claremont and San Diego Academy of Sci. On Line from US, A, NY, L and others. I have measured the leaves on these sheets, determined as near as possible the angle of the nerve with the midrib. It is noted that there is some variation in this angle even on one leaf, however in general there is a consistency in this angle within a species. In the case of palmately nerved species I have measured the inner nerve since the outer one (basal) follows the contour of the leaf margin at a much larger angle. Most nerves loop out in an arch and thus I have measured the angle at the emergence with the midrib. Many herbarium sheets have been incorrectly identified, it may be possible to at least separate some of these sheets by the nerve angles along with other characteristics. It would always be more precise if a flower from the sheet was available for detailed analysis and measurements. All leaf measurements are in centimeters. Altitudes if necessary were converted to meters. The Type (Typus, Isotypus & Lectotypus) sheet material below is in Bold print. The various herbaria are listed by their designated symbols. Key to lf shape column 5: C = cordate, E = elliptic, l = linear, L = lanceolate, O = ovate, Ob = obtuse, P = palmate; R = rotund. The last symbol is the leaf apex designation: Ac = acute, Ap = apiculate, Ro = rostate. Name column: cb = identified by Chris Burton, Leaf number m = many.

Sheet # 3032 16916 s.n. 481 790

Herb

A A A

2831 2882 2081 3002 3677 6956 12258 16340 16340 21520 24209 W4520 s. n. 420

A A A A A A A A A A A B B B

lf/sheet m 3 m m 36 m m 6 m m m 20 2 2

2 4 31

Species

lf shape

angustifolia linearis cb linearis engler cb leytensis cb

l l Ac l OAc

serpens lanceolata longifolia kingdomwardii panchoi linearis v. nepal pandurata angustifolia angustifolia linearis

R LAc l LAc E Ac LAc l Ac ORo l lL l

australis treubiana bilobata

O E R

140

Measurements 1.3 x 0.8 7.7-8.1 x 1 2-6 x 0.4 2-2.5 x 0.4 1.4-2 x 0.7-1 2.5-3.5 x0.3-0.7 1 x 0.9 2.7-3 x 1 7.5-10.8 2.5-3.5x1.4-1.6 3.5-6.2 x 0.3 5-7.2 x 0.8-1.2 4-4.3 x 0.4-0.5

Elevation 1676m

1676m

1372m

385m

4.4-6x 0.2-0.4 10 x 6 8.2-17.8 x 5 1.5-1.8 x1.3-1.7

Angle

479 1207 1339 W1627 2704 W4520 4545 6963 9686 10416 13307 13550 13663 13675 14400 16326 17430 20066 20434 20451 61746 9 3139 5604 388 ? 1531 16719 15937 220 1833 599 W 103 2051 2253 W 3135 W 2706 356 W1106 W 1623 ? 769 ? 1584 W 3663 00143 100 ?

B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH

10 32 10 16 2 2 7 6 21 24 16 m 5 14 16 3 m m 12 15 3

11 2 4 iso 5 lect 3 iso 26 16 7 12 4 12 4 syn 14 6 24 m 15 iso 13 7

obscurinervia stenophylla obtusifolia attenuata

L Ac L Ac l E Ob E Ro L australis RE amblyolepis Ob E ridleyi parasitica L gracilipes L EOb Ac parvifolia ER Ob aeschynanthoides Ro bandanensis E littoralis L Ac papuana L C Ac E Ap wariana l Ob stenophylla l Ac minahassae L Ac incurvula RE Ob fungii RE Ob davidcummingii L Ac odetteae dodocantheiflora meridithii obscura panchoi pubescens chlorantha chlorantha chlorantha chlorantha chlorantha chlorantha var fetuana chlorantha Not attenuata attenuata attenuata attenuata attenuata filiformis filiformis pachnophylla

L Ac O Ac OEAp O Ac R R Ap L Ro L Ac L Ac OLAc L Ac L Ac L Ro L Ro OLRo OLRo lL Ac L Ro L Ro L Ac OLRo L

141

5-8.5 x 1.4-2.5 3.4-6.2 x 0.6 10.5 x 2-2.8

1900m 700m 0m

4.2-8.5 x 2.5-5 8.5-10.2x2.2-2.5 4-6.5 x 1.4-2.2 900m 1.2-1.7 x 0.9-1 1-2.8 x 1-2 11.5 x 5.3 3.5-6.5 x 1-2 6.3 x 2 9 x 4.1 2-3.4 x 0.4 6.5-7.5 x 0.4 3.5-7.5 x 1.5-2.1 2.5-4 x 1.1-2 5-7.5 x 2-2.5 5.5-10.5 2-7 x 1 2.8-6.6 x 1.4-2 17-18.7x7.7-8.5 6.5-13.4x2.8-4.6 2.1-2.9x1.6-2.3 6.9 x 5.3 7.4-10.5x2.1-3.2 2.8-8.4x1-2.5 9.5-12.8x2.1-2.7 4.8-11.8x1.9-4.5 9.5 x 2.9 6-8.2 x 1.8-2.8 5-7 x 1.8-2.6 2.6-4 x 0.9-1.3 9.4-9.9x2.4-3.5 2.4-8 x 2-4.2 4.2-6.6 x 2 5.5-9.9x1.5-3.3 4.2-7.4x 1.5-2.8 3.2-5.9x 0.8-1.7 1.5-1.8x0.5-0.9 4.2 x 1.5

250m 500m 366m 400m 800m 800m 152m 10-600m

+/- 250m 300m 250m 750m 100m 250m 500m 550m 500m 500m 400m 750m 1300m 1060m 153m

W 3645 6263 19501 14074 6775 3686 17608 28531 15829 45570 35267 12678 30844 10428 32378 7016 ---12 s. n. 14316 148 3000 14316 25483 Î˛ 28722 73411 20342 25483 47905 43043 40256 675 449 38751 38528 1232 9475 9475 12594 215 12678 16204 16188 16188

BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO

2 16 17 18 5 3 13 12 m 10 12 10 0 12 7 13 5 7 m 11 5 6 6 m m 13 M m m 26 46 m m 14 14 m 4 13 7 10 5 2 2 2 4

not pottsii O Ac sp. O Ro littoralis L Ac diptera L Ac diptera L Ac diptera L Ro diptera L Ac megalantha OLAc intermedia ACS lL Ac bordenii L Ac cagayanensis L AcRo carnosa E Ac diversifolia diversifolia RE Ap as gracilis var. phi L Ob as gracilis var. ph LE Ac hasseltii L Ac imbricata R intermedia Sch lL Ac kuhlii L Ac kuhlii L Ac kuhlii L Ac kuhlii L Ac lacunosa O Ac lacunosa OR Ac lacunosa E Ac lacunosa E Ac lacunosa O Ac lacunosa E O Ac lacunosa EO Ac lacunosa EAc/OAc lacunosa EAc/OAc lacunosa O Ac lacunosa O Ac lacunosa R Ap lacunosa EAc/OAc lauterbachii E Ap lauterbachii E Ac lauterbachii O Ap lauterbachii E Ac macrophylla O Ac latifolia polystach R O Ac maxima imbricata R maxima imbricata R maxima imbricata R

142

9.5 x 4.6 10.2-11.2x2.9-5.1 2.5-6.3x1.9-2.1 2.8-9 x 2-3.2 7.4-9.5x2.9-3.6 340m 6.3-7.4 x 2.7 100-250m 4.2-6.2x1.5-2.5 5.7-9.9x3.2-4.8 4.3-9.5 x 1.4 6.8-11.9x1.2-1.7 11.9-13.6x2.1-2.9 4.7-11.9x1.9-2.9 200-367m 4-6.8x2.8-4.3 4.3-6x 0.7-0.9 750m 6 2.6-6x3.4-4.3 5.1-7.7 x 2.0 7.5-12.8 x 2.6 3.5-7.7x1.3-2.6 2-3 x 0.8-1.7 1.7-2.6 x 1-2.2 1.4-4.3 x 1-1.7 5.1-6 x 1.7-2.6 1.7-2.6x0.8-1.1 1.7-2.6x0.8-1.4

1600m 1000m

1.7-4.8 x 1-1.4 1.4-3.7 x 1-1.7

1-1.7x0.8-1.6 9.5 x 3/9 11.9 x 3.4 5.9 x 3.5 7.8-11.1x3.2-4.5 11.1-17x4.2-7.5 471m 12.4 x 12.1 8.6 10m 10.2 6.0

16817 16197 9385 9355 5023 419 20317 356 7484 22419 5023 20531 58558 58559 62327 62328 39429 5303 56574 58575 5965 58583 56585 26918 60137 61974 61933 68632 68633 68634 69917 70357 70615 70619 41559 58165 18680 19059 18681 2241 2239 56674 57830

BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP

7 6 6 3 8 m 25 8 7 5 6 11 m 29 4 3 10 10 m 7 12 19 4 16 15 10 6 4 3

3 m m m m 6 5 13 6

maxima imbricata maxima imbricata obtusifolia

R 8.5 R 6.8 E Ob 9.4-10.2x1.7-3.6 O Ap 7.7-11.9x4.3-7.1 OOb Ap 4.3-11.9x1.7-6 pubera L Ac 1.5-3.1 x 0.7 retusa l Ob 1.7-5.1 x 0.3 as revoluta O Ac 2-2.9 x 1,4 ridleyi EL Ac 9.5-11.1x3.3-4.1 rufolanata EO Ac 4.6 x 2.4 rumphii E O Ac 5.1 x 2.6 rumphii E Ac 5.9 x 2.6 rumphii 5.9-7.5x2.6-3.5 tsangii l Ac 9.5 x 1.2 imbricata R 5.1 x 8 imbricata R 6.7 x 8.3 bordenii L Ac 7.2-13.3x1.1-1.9 imbricata R 3.2-7.2 as bilobata R 1.6-2.4x1.4-1.9 L Ac 8.2-11.5x3.2-3.8 leytensis R Ob 3.5-4.8x0.8-2.7 as bilobata REOb 1.8-3.2x0.6-0.7 camphorifolia LAC-Ro 6.6-9.4x 3-3.8 panchoi LE Ac 3.5-4.6x1.4-1.8 Disc bilobata R Ob 1.1-2.2x1.1-1.8 L Ro 4.5-9.3x2.2-3.2 L Ac 4.5-8.8x1.4-1.9 bordenii lLAc 6.9-17 x 1-2.7 E Ac 5.9-11.7x 2.5-5 linavergarae EAc und 4-5 x 1.1-2.7 lucyae EOB Ac 6-10 x 1.8-2 stoneae lL Ac 5-8.5 x 1.5-2.5 aust.sub nathaleae RC Ap 6.5 x 3.6 benvergarai LEAc 9-13 x 2-3 lucardenasiana O 5.5 x 3.8 landgrantensis LE Ac 8.8 x 3 imbricata R 11.2 as cumingiana dens E Ob 3x2 as cum densifolia E Ob 2.6 x 2 densifolia E Ob 2.8 x 2 densifolia E Ob 2.8 x 2 imbricata R 7.2- 11 imbricata R 8.8 anncajanoae R Ob 1.9 x 1.6 multiflora L Ro 13-16 x 4-5

143

10m 10m

250-1500m

120-300m

15205 17623 32935 325771 176231 5604 W8505 W1796 W5165 8366 445 W3243 8366 2090 0629A 2894 11866 218

DS DS DS DS DS HAW HAW HAW HAW HAW HAW HAW HAW KLU KLU KLU KLU KLU

5 3 8 13 3

1392 ? 95

31045 896 55 420 1480 s. n. 16419 15937

KLU KLU KLU KLU KLU KLU KLU L L L L L

2 8 5 4 15 7 4 4 4 m 5 8 2 sp. 8 25 7 6 10 14 27 m 9 4 3 14

17411 s.n. 4181 13372 16916 16340 13372 420 18261 62867 4738 1522 12258

L L L L NY NY NY NY NY NY NY NY NY

3 3 0 16 12 6 24 12 6 13 6 16 29

imbricata aust. sub multiflora Carnosa aust. sub. odetteae nuuulensis chl/betchei chl/betchei as vitiensis as betchei as betchei as vitiensis australis cf. caudata curtisii diversifolia cf. diversifolia forbesii revoluta not ridleyi ridleyi

pusilla bilobata cumingiana diversifolia obscura panchoi pentaphlebia vitellina vitellinoides tsangii angustifolia angustifolia tsangii bilobata lancilimba liangii lyi ovalifolia pandurata

R Ap 9.5 R Ap 4.3 x 3.4 E Ap 13.1 x 5.1 O Ac 3.5-6 x 2.2-3.1 R Ac 4.3 x 3.5 L Ac 2-7 x 1 L Ac 6.8 x 2 1m L Ac 5-10.1x1.5-3.4 L Ac 5.5 x 1.6 58m OL Ac 7.3 x 2.6 630m L Ac 6 x 1.7 l L Ac 5.5 x 1.2 400m O Ac 6.8 x 1.6 R Ap 6.8-8 x 6.5 O Ac 11.9-14.3x5.1-6.9 low R Ap 1.4 x 1.4 E Ob 5.1-6.8x2.6-3.5 E Ob Ap 5.1-9.7x1.9-4.5 E Ac 5.9 x 3.1 L Ac 3.9-6.8x1.4-1.7 200m O Ac 2.6-4.1 x 1.4 122m E Ob 4.3 x 2.8 E Ac 5.1 x 3.3 L Ac 4.3-7.8x1.2-1.8 1219m lL Ac 5.9-11.9 x 1 200m LE Ac 2-3.7 x 0.8-1.2 152m R Ob 1.8 x 1.5 REAc 2.7-3.1 x 2-2.2 E Ap 7-8 x 4.3-5 Ob Ac 7x3 R & EAc 1.3 x 1.1 2.5 x 1.2 OEAc 13-16 x 7.8-8.5 LE Ac 13.5 x 6 Stem only 800m lL Ac 4.3-9 x 1.2-2 lL Ac 7.8-14.5 x 1-1.3 lL Ac 5.8-7 x 1 lLac 2.9-7.5 x 1-1.2 R 1.5 x 1.5 E Ac 13 x 3 RE Ob 6-8.3 x 3.1-3.9 E Ob 4.5-8.6 x 2-2.5 LE Ac 4-6.7 x 2.5-2.8 L Ro 5.9-6.9 x 1-3

144

15937

panchoi

16971 13372 23455 333 7550 14203 75550 349 6540 117633 739-

NY NY NY PNH PNH PNH PNH PNH PNH PNH SING SING UMP SING SING SING SING SING SING SING UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UC UMP

6 m 7 7 16 16 17 5 m 7 15 4 17 12 7 9 6 11 20 7 29 3

pubifera tsangii tsoi tsangii ramosii not gracilis ramosii

75500 s.n. ? 2350 ? s.n. 1513 8908 12750 s.n. s. n. 0000 9 1470 JP 1994 2005 5604 7500 7550 8919 16375 19356 20051 20130 32371 32378 81009 81074 102003 112003 951074 120

25 25 2 6 m m 23

4 1

not bilobata diversifolia imperialis intermedia Schltr. obtusifolia parviflora/revoluta ridleyi ridleyi diversifolia parviflora maingayi loheri burtoniae nyhuusiae davidcummingii bicknellii bicolensis mindor superba odetteae intermedia Schltr ramosii obscurinervia patella bilobata andalensis pulchella paziae panayensis recurvula memoria kastbergii walliniana wibergiae revoluta

R& 1.7 x 1.8 OAc 3x4 lLOBAc 6-14 x 2-2.7 lL Ac 2.9-7.5 x 1-1.2 L Ac 5.4-8 x 1.5-2.7 L 8-11.5 x 2 l Ac LE Ac l Ac L Ac Ob -Ac L Ac E Ob 5.0-9.7x2.1-3.3 EO Ap 6.8-8.5x 2.1-3.3 l Ac 4.3-7.7 x 0.8 E Ob 6.8-12.8x2.8-4.8 L Ac 5.8 x 2.1 O L Ac 8.6-10.2x2.7-3.4 l Ac 5.6-9.4x1-1.4 RE 3.8-6.2x2.6-4.3 l Ac 4.3-11.2x0.4-1.8 L Ac 4.6-9.4x1.5-3.4 E Ob O Ac 3-4 x 1.4-2 E Ac L Ac 5-7.5 x 2-2.5 OE Ap 9-12 x 0.6-0.8 O L Ap 7.8-12.5 x 0.4 L Ac L Ac 2-7 x 1 lL Ac l Ac 5.1-10 x 0.9 E Ac LE Ac R 1.5 x 1.2 O 5.0 x 2.2 R LE Ro E Ac L Ac 8-12 x 3.5 EL Ac R Ob 6 x 4.5 O Ac E Ac

145

0m 600m

not same 100m

152m

low low

6.5-11.9x2.9-3.7 5.1 x 2.2 914m

315 UMP 176231 UMP 114 UPM 282 UPM 11015 UPM 75500 UPM 72 UPM 83 UPM 102 UPM 38 UPM 55 UPM 55 UPM s. n. US 113 US 189 US 419 US 420 US 543 US 543 US 976 US 2363 US 2565 US 2851 US 7706 US 11386A US 11561 US 12258 US 13372 US 14794 US 15812 US 16971 US US 22089 24209 US 24910 US 28222 US 28437 US 41265 US 41631 US 56576 CAHUP 70359 CAHUP 8033 B 2131 BO 18358 A 117 L 75136 SING

5 3 4 10 5 17 33 3 8 4 8 28 8 2 m m 15 4 4 4 4 3 13 5 9 6 16 13 m 12 4 1 m 7 6 m 4 m 6 7 2 m 10 18

australis revoluta diversifolia imbricata intermedia Schltr. lacunosa maingayi maingayi not parasitica pusilla pusilla schallertiae disch imbricata lanceolata bella cb retusa bilobata

longifolia imbricata meliflua luzonica wightii revolubilis cb mengtzeensis meliflua luzonica pandurata angustifolia retusa imbricata pubifera pseudomaxima rizaliana ? imbricata basi luzonica bilobata ? imbricata leytensis bordenii aurantiaca otterlanderi erythrina camphorifolia

Lc R Ap O Ac E Ob R l Ac LE Ac LE Ac E Ac E Ac E Ac E Ac

8.5 x 2.7

R L Ac l R l Ac l L Ro R L L Ro OE lL Ac

6-11 3.5-5 x 1 4-5 x 0.5 300m 1.5-1.8 x1.3-1.7 5.2 x 1 4.5-5 x 0.7-1.1 7-8.2 x 1.8-2 2126m 8 -11 12 x 4.6-5.5 4-6 x 1.7-2.7 870m 11 x 3 7.7-11 x 1.3-1.7 6-7 x 2.6-3.2 2.8-4.5x 0.7-1.2 5-8.9 x 1-1.4

O Ac lL l R lL Ac RC LOb R L R R LE lL Ac Ob Ac EObOb L Ro L L Ac L

146

5.1-6.8x2.6-2.9 3.9-6.5x2.2-3.5 6.0 4.3-7.7 x 0.8 1.7-5.4x1.2-1.8 8.5 x 3.1 6.8-9.5 x 3.4 6 x 1.7 8.1-11.1x5.4-6.8 1.7-3.3x0.8-1.1

762m 823m 1.5m 122m 153m

6.5 8.3-16.5 3.8-6.1 x 1-1.4 6 7-8 x 3.5 1.5 x 1.4 9.5-11 9.6-14.2x2.4-2.7 7.5-13 x 3-5 3.5-5 X 1-1.4 19.5-20.7x4.3-5.1 1500m 0.6-1.5 x 0.5 9-12.5 x 2.3-4 5.1-7.7x2.2-2.6

10° 10° 11° 11° 12° 12° 12-28°

1985 29900 35256 67052 1213 7670 15244 334 4475 421 15916 17046 450 76351 s. n. 15803 14316 W1983 s. n. s. n. 24209 36787 334 5269 958 6324 18114 20176 9605 X153 670 62326 5271 5297 45939 47136 18529 63827 5990 85130 56574 W1237 W1506 14440 35945

HAW US US CAHUP B BO US US BO US B B BO NY B BO BO HAW L L US BISH US CAHUP US BO B B BISH BISH BO CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP PNH US CAHUP A A CAHUP HAW HAW UC A

13 11 6 4 4 8 8 7 m 6 15 8 23 7 21 7 7 23 3 5 11 7 7 9 5 2 29 m 4 4 2 9 8 8 5 7 5 2 6 5 13 5 4 2 m

as pottsii samoens bordenii fischeriana siariae bordenii bordenii camphorifolia camphorifolia kuhlii fischeriana padangensis obscurinervia kuhlii bordenii gracilis camphorifolia kuhlii whistlerii ? rumphii longifol clandestina macro rizaliana gigantangensis camphorifolia as gracilis merrillii as macrophylla collina oligantha pycnophylla pycnophylla browniana bordenii

camphorifolia fischeriana fischeriana 81100 pseudolittoralis fischeriana bilobata samoensis samoensis crassicaulis microphylla

L Ac L Ac L Ro E Ac L L Ac O Ac E L Ac R Ac L Ac L L Ac lE Ac L Ac EO Ac L Ac L Ac L Ac LE Ac L OLAc L L Ro

8-9.5 x 3 11-15 x 2.2-4.2 9-14.2 x 4-5.5 9.3-12x 3.4-4.1 11-18 x 2.5-4.4 7.5-12 x 2.8-3.4 4.0-6.2 x 2-2.6 7-11.5 x 2.5-3 4.5-10 x 2.6 7.5-9.5 x 4-5 7-8 x 1.6-2 6-12.2 x2.2-3.6 6-11 x 1.8-2.5 15.5 x 2.2-2.8 4-7.5 x 1.4-2 3.4-6.9x1.8-2.6 5-7.7 x 2 4.5-5.5 x 1-1.3 12 x 3.3 14-22 x 4.5-7.5 3.3-6 x 1.2-1.6 9-14 x 2-3.4 6.5-14 x 2.5-3.5 8-12.8x 2.2-3.5

27m

O Ac RE l O Ac OLAc L Ac E Ac L Ac L Ac LAc-Ro L Ac L Ro L Ro E Ro L Ac LOP R Ob O E Ac L Ac E Ac O Ob

8.7 x 3.6 3-4 x 1.5-2.5 3 x 0.6 8.4-11.8x3.2-4.2 9.9 x 4.2 18.7-20.4x6-8.1 5.9-13.6x1.1-2.4 8.2-10.9x2.9-4 7.2-12 x 3-3.5 6.2-10 x 2.4-4 10-19.3x 3.3-6.5 10-14.4x 3.8-5.1 15.2-16x 5-5.4 8-9 x 2.8-4.5 7.5-9.5 x 2.7-3.8 1.9 x 1.6 5.5 x 2.3-2.4 6-7 x 2-2.6 12.2-13.8 x 5.1 1.1 x 06

800-1400m 400m 800m 100m 115m

147

26°

650m

1250m

100m ? 250m

250-1200

40m

200m 600m 1829m

13° 13° 14° 15˚ 15° 15° 15° 15-25° 16° 16° 17° 17° 17° 17° 18° 18° 18° 18° 18° 18° 18° 19° 19° 20 31° 20 32° 20˚ 20° 20° 20° 20° 20° 20° 20° 20° 20° 20° 20° 21 30° 21° 21° 21° 21° 21° 21° 22°

954 5177

B B

5 5

merrillii ? intermedia Sch.

5979 6711 32734 5430 28935 s. n. 2499 49938 W5165 17411 15541 432 29092 14440 9819 3556 W2793 11368 52 (E2351) 16971 5398 5979 19519 85130 s.n.

B B BISH BO BO BO BO CAHUP HAW NY PNH UPM US Gray A BISH HAW NY UPM BISH Gray GUAM NY PNH A SING A A A A A BISH BISH BISH BO HAW HAW HAW L NY PNH A

6 31 16 4 5 11 m 3 5 3 16 6 6 1 4 11 12 9 4 10 4 24 4 15 5 3 8 7 3 15 5 6 15 14 m 14 7 10 6 6 3 6

benguetensis

s.n. 763 19423 85130 916 9379 (824629) 4475 W4443 W1046 W3110 s. n. 16719 40228 1452

browniana browniana kuhlii kuhlii camphorifolia as betchei pentaphlebia cb mcgregorii not parasitica camphorifolia crassicaulis obscurinervia diptera as betchei mengtzeensis citrina diptera pubifera schneei benguetensis as gracilis benguetensis obtusifolia obscurinervia pentaphlebia cb diptera fischeriana ?beng samoensis samoensis sp. kuhlii as betchei samoensis var tutuilensis buruensis obscura ? dischidia ridleyi as parasi.

RO O E

10-14 x 5.1-7.7 2.1 x 1.5-4.26.2 x 1.7-1.9 LE Ac 6-9 x 2.7-3.5 Ob 3.5-5.2x 1.5-2.2 L Ac 5.3-7.4x2.1-3.8 E Ac 12-12.8 x 3-5.9 10m O AcRo 1450m L Ac 6.9-11x2-3.4 L Ac 4.5-6.8 x 1-2 750m L Ac 10.4-11.3x3.2-3.8 L Ac 4-6 x 1.5 580m O AC 7.2-14.2 x7.5-9 EACRo lower L Ac 7.1 x 1.7 L Ac 6.5-7 x 2-2.5 EO 17.5 x 5.5 O Ac 8.4-12 x4-5.1 L Ac 4.2-7.4x1.5-2.9 E Ro 55.5-8.3 x 1-2 350m L Ac 6-10.8x1.5-1.8 O Ac 8.5-15.3x3.3-8.6 183m L Ac 5.4-6.8 x 2.1 lL 5.8-15 x 1.5-2.7 L Ac 6-8.6 x 2.5-3.5 E Ac 8.5-10.6x3.5-4.6 Ob L 4.5-8 x 1.5-2.3 200m O 7-10.1 x 2.8-3.8 E Ob 9.3 – 9.9x 3.4 O 6.7-13 x1.5-5 E Ac 1219m OCAc 15-19.2x10.5-12 100mlower 46 L 5.5-6.5x 1.9-2.5 750m Ob 7.5-10.4x3-3.7 O Ac 9.9-12.6x4.2-6.7 750m ? L Ac 7.4-12.8x3.2-4.2 L Ac 6.3-9.3x2.6-3.4 100m L Ac 7.5-9x1.7-2.4 1250m L AcRo 8-12.4 x 1.7-2.8 550m O E Ac 5-5.7 x 2.4-2.5 360m L Ac/Ro 7.8 x 2.23 250m E Ro 8-11 x 4.5.2 LE Ac 6-8.2 x 2.5-3.9 L 3.3 x 1.3 260m LE 8.4-15.5x 4-5

148

22° 22° 22° 22° 22° 22° 22° 22° 22° 22° 22° 22° 22° 22° 22° 23 30° 23° 23° 23° 23° 23° 24° 24° 24° 24° 24° 25 30° 25˚ 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25-35°

269759 21152 2122 86707 ? 6540 s. n. 52

SING A A BISH KLU PNH SING UPM US US

15803 16719 66906 A 15916 B 19647 PNH 94 SING 5979 US 14304 US 17411 US 6237 A 13372 A W1617 B B 15396 W 1257 BISH 989 BISH 19608 BO 23065 BO 3312 CAHUP 69916 CAHUP W162 HAW 10007 HAW 17764 PNH 16346 SING 2164 5339 14333 14440 78311 445 834 14185 21065 28827 15244

US BISH A A A A B B B BO CAHUP BO

9 1 m 3 6 m 2 6 3 5 11 6 17 5 4 4 15 4 4 20 16 9 4 14 3 10 6 9 5 5 6 7 13 22 4 18 1 m 15 4 11 4 5 14

obtusifolia hainanensis kingdomwardii samoensis

E Ob LAcAp

L Ac E Ac L aldrichii LE Ac citrina O Ac australis Ob camphorifolia O Ac obscura L silvatica L Ro padangensis lL tsangii as angust Ob L aldrichii O E Ac bnguetensis O Ac vitiensis L Ac pentaphlebia R Ap merrillii penta OCPAc tsangii angustifo l L attenuata L neocaledonica O pycnophylla O Ac sp. Kalamatan LRoAc not macrophylla EO AC purpureofusca O Ac pentaphlebia E Ac soligamiana O E Ac as chlorantha L Ac whistlerii LE Ro mcgregorii REAcRo ridleyi parasitica EL Ac E Ac attenuata E Ro diptera L Ac neocaledonica ROAc diptera L Ac crassicaulis L Ac retusa R Ap betchei ? EL palawanica L Ac anulata E purpureofusca O Ac camphorifolia L Ac camphorifolia LE Ac

149

7.7-11.2x2.6-4.3 10.7 x 4.9 10.5 x 5.7 5.2-9.5x1.5-3.4 2.3-4.5x0.9-1.1 13.5 x 7.8 7.7-11.9x3.4-6.8 13-13.5x7.7-8.1 4.2-7.2 x 1.4.3 3.2-9 x 1.7-3.6 9.7-13 x 2.9-3.4 7.7-8.7 x 1.8-2 6-10 x 1.1-2 9.7-15.3x5.1-6.6 8.2-11.4x3.8-5 8-10 x 2.5-3.5 12-14.5 x 7.5-8.5 10.5-15x 8-10.5 1.8-8.4 x 0.8-1.2 3.5-6.6x1.5-2.4 6-9.9 x 3.1-5 8.4-9.9x4-4.8 6 x 2.2 13.6-17.2x4.4-6.5 11.9-12.8x2.8-6.9 9.6-11 x4.3-5.4 9-13 x 2-3 6.7-8 x 1.7-2.3 5-6 x 2.1-2.3 5.5-9.4x2.1-4.6 5.1-7.8x1.7-4.3 2-6 x 1-1.8 7.4 x 3.8 6-7.5 x 3.5-4.7

26˚ 26° 1219m 26° 26° 26° 26° 26° 1829m 26° 26° 26° 27° 2000m 27° 27° 1230m 27° 27° 27° 800-900m 27° 28 35° 100m 28° 28° 700m 28° 600m 28° 28° 120m 28° 28° 1000m 28° 28° 28° 28° 1060m 28° lower 28° lower 55 28° 1300m

762m 1 x 0.8 1067m 5.5-7.7 x 1.5-2.2 14 x 3.5-4 0m 5.5-7.7x 3.2-4.3 400m 10.2-16.2x5.8-8.5 5.1-12.3x1.9-3.8 6.8-11.9x1.2-1.7

28° 29 29° 29° 29° 29° 29° 29° 29° 29° 30 38° 30˚

2847 12678 35340 7374 3730 25935 5295 56577 W344 W1024 W344 3045 7605 9089 10339 s. n. 5254 14440 2218 67052 19647 47136 31504 2255 8660 11377 7374 19964 88906 11212 1937 β 5379 15642 36787 9750 11377 13703 14440 25704 27835 30675 50413 15904 30314 36658

A A A B BISH BO CAHUP CAHUP HAW HAW HAW HAW HAW HAW HAW HAW L NY NY PNH PNH UPM UPM US US US US B B BISH BO GUAM PNH PNH UC US A A A A A A B B BISH

3 6 2 3 11 5 4 5 17 6 17 35 7 5 7 8 12 5 3 4 5 6 3 4 25 8 3 18 9 3 10 16 22 16 2 8 3 4 16 7 6 8 3 m

latifolia macrophylla ?cb ridleyi cagayanensis pottsii browniana benguetensis bordenii chlorantha samoensis var. tutuilensis whistlerii tutuilaensis chlorantha as betchei buruensis crassicaulis merrillii siariae tsangii fischeriana merrillii chlorantha vitiensis obscura cagayanensis eitapensis elmeri diptera purpureofusca schneei gigantangensis hainanensis obscura cb pentaphlebia crassicaulis hainanensis lasiantha

chloroleuca trukensis

OCAc O L L Ac O Ac E AcRo E Ac lL Ac O L Ac O Ac O L Ac O L Ro E Ac O Ac LE Ro OL Ac/Ro E Ro E Ro O Ax E Ac l LAc E Ac E Ro L Ac E Ro O L Ac L Ac OL Ac L Ac O Ac L Ac L L RE Ac L Ac OCAc EO L E Ac OLRo E Ac L Ac E Ac OEAc

150

12-13.5 x 7-9 7.8-16.4x 4-6.4 11.6 13x 2.5-3.5 8x3 6.3-8.4 x 3-4.2 12.8-25x 5-6.5 5.6-8.8x2.4-3.8 9.6-12.3x1.8-2.7 2.2-8.5x1.4-1,7 5.3-6.8 x 1.9-3.0 6.5-8.5 x 1.5-2 8-9 x 2.4-3.5 5.5-6 x 2.5-3 5.5-6.5 x 3-3.5 4.5-6.3 x 2-2.3 6.3-10.2x2.4-5 5-12.1 x 2.5-4 12-15 x 4.5-6 9-11 x 4-7

11.1-12.8x4.3-5.7 8.3-17x4.8-7.6 7.5-8.3 x 2 4.8-6.2x 1.3-2.2 5.7-8.8x2.6-3.1 7-7.2 x 2.5-2.8 2.5-4.5 x 1-1.8 9 x 13 6.9 x 2.6 8.5-11.9x3.4-5.1 6.3 x 2.5 4.8-12 x 2.8-4.9 9-14 x 2-3.4 6.8-8 x 3.7-4.3 5.5-8.5 x2.5-3.1 11-115 x 9-10 8-14.5 x 5-5.6 7-9.7 x 3.1-3.6

30m 200m

1450m

10m 500m 366m 350m 180m 400m

52 °

100m 250-400m

1000m 180m

lower 65

60m 12.5-18.7x5-5.6 6-9 x 1.5-2 7.5 x 3.9 4.3-9.5x2.7-3.1

914m 1372m 800m 0m

30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30-40° 31° 31° 31° 31° 31° 31° 31° 31° 31° 32° 32° 32° 32° 32° 32° 32° 32° 32°

3091 27306 41946 41913 320 W1617 W3961 W4443 W3243 11859 3365 11827 W1297 332 2847 56581 3486/1 5398 W206 W3252 W477 W1796 8798 138-A 19 27299 8896 16719 202480 10598 12678 23006 25704 2218 5969 99662 9759 27217 10 353450 s. n. 191 5674 20190

BISH BO BO CAHUP CAHUP Gray HAW HAW HAW HAW PNH US A B B B CAHUP Gray GUAM HAW HAW HAW HAW HAW K KLU KLU NY UC BO HAW A A A B CAHUP SING US BO BO A B B B B

18 4 7 4 10 14 14 13 14 8 5 7 13 3 3 3 7 6 13 4 18 8 3 4 4 5 6 4 4 7 2 7 2 5 7 11 5 13 2 8 8 3 m

trukensis as browniana diversifolia querinoensis ? diptera attenuata filiformis/betchei as betchei as betchei merrillii cb samoensis mindorensis citrina as fischeriana hookeriana schneei pycnophylla attenuat betchei betchei whistlerii latifolia latifolia latifolia benguetensis not obscura amoena x tuafanua macrophylla salweenica hainanensis merrillii obscura ridleyi hainanensis crassipes lasiantha pubicalyx schneei mcgregorii halconensis microstemma

OEAc O Ac LE Ap L Ac RE Ac O L Ac L Ro EL Ac L Ro L Ac E Ro R Ro E Ob O Ac L Ac RC P L Ac O Ac L Ac O Ac O L Ac E L Ac E L Ac O E Ac O Ac O Ac O Ac Ob Ac E Ro O Ap OP Lac LRo O L AC L Ac L OB Ob E Ro L Ac L Ac L Ac E Ac LE Ac

151

6.5 x 2.9 10-15.3x6-8.5 5-12 x 2.6-4.3 12.8-16 x 5-5.8 5.6-8.5x2.9-5.3 4.5-6.9 x 2-3 4.5-5.5 x 1.5-2 2.5-5.5 x 1.9 6.9-11.1x1.8-2.4 6 x 1.4 7-9 x 3.2-5.5 4x3 7.3-10 x 4-5 9.5-12.5 x3.6-4.2 14 x 8-9 9.6-22.7 x 4.8 8-11.5x 3.6-5.5 7.7 x 3.3 10-11.2 x 4.5-4.8 3-5 x 1-2 5.5-7.5 x 1.5-2 5.5-9.2 x 1.7-2.8 4.5-6.5 x 2.5-2.6

150m

700m 1050m 550m 400m 500m 1500-1550m

30m

400m

450m

9.5-10.5x4.3-6.2 11.9-17.3x5.9-9.5 457m 7-9 x 3-4

7.5-9.5x 4-5.4 8-16x 3.8-7.2 11.5-14.7x6.8-7

100m

9.7-10.8 x4.7-5.3 3.2-9.9x2-4.6 6.5-9.2x2.6-3.5 5-7 x 3.1-3.6 5.9-12x 2.6-4.3 5.1-6.5 x 2.6 660m 8.2-9.4 x 3-4 5.4-10.5x2-3.5 8-12 x 3.7-5.5 900m 1.2-3.4 x 0.7-1.2 800m

32° 32° 32° 32° 32° 32° 32° 32° 32° 32° 32° 32° 33° 33° 33° 33° 33° 33° 33° 33° 33° 33° 33° 33° 33° 33° 33° 33° 33° 34 34 46° 34° 34° 34° 34° 34° 34° 34° 35 47° 35 47° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35°

399 399 399 399 627 s. n. 2613 3228 ? 10 688 5675 111976 53826 28823 W1460 W1297 10477 399 79412 37418 s. n. 399 514 923 47136 56580 10416 73935 77895 13711 2928 23006 7020 s. n. 11796 s. n. 13458 18075 5288 W3111 W2643 5714 42--

BISH BISH BISH BISH BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO CAHUP CAHUP HAW HAW HAW NY PNH PNH UPM US US US US CAHUP A A A B BO Gray HAW KLU PNH SING B B B BO CAHUP HAW HAW HAW KLU

6 6 6 6 16 6 9 2 10 1 4 5 22 11 6 4 11 9 20 6 5 3 12 9 3 2

4 15 6 2 12 9 15 9 4 3 7 5 4 7 26 18 2

intermedia intermedia acs intermedia intermedia acs hasseltii imperialis incrassata macrophylla macrophylla diversifolia mac macrophylla div rhodostella

L Ac E L E OE Ac E Ap R Ap O Ac O Ac O Ac O AC E Ac L Ro L Ac samoensis O E Ac tauensis O E Ac as betchei L Ac australis E Ac quisumbingii L E Ac forbesii O Ac intermedia Smith L Ac chlor. tutuilensis O Ac L Ac fischeriana L O Ro crassicaulis E Ac Ob liangii E meliflua E rubida O L Ac salweenica E as betchei L Ac diversifolia E Ac mindorensis OP ridleyi l L Ac betchei LE glabra OP hyploasia LE Ac rhodostella T-type E Ac E Ro as betchei E L AcRo chlorantha L Ac fauensis O Ac latifolia O Ac

152

5.7-11.5x 2.4-4.2 7.5-11.5 x 2-4.5 5.7-11.5x 2.4-4.2 7.5-11.5 x 2-4.5 3.4-4.3x1.4-1,7 11-12 x4.9-6 6 x 4.3 18.7 x 9.4 5.1-6.0x2.8-3.4 12 x 7.6 6.3-9.5x4.3-5.8 5.6-7.6x1.8-3.3 5.9-8.6 x 2 9.6-13.6x3.2-4 7-10 x 3.5-4.3 6.7-9.7 x 2.3-4.8 10.2 x 2.1 7-11.1 x 2-4.5 6.8-11 x 1.8-2

10m 10m 10m 10m 305m

5.1-10.2x2.9-6.9 10.5-11.1 x 3.9 4.6-6.4 x1.9-2.5 4.5-7.5 x 2-3 13-14.5 x 6-7.2 9.6-12.8x 5.9-6.2 1.4-4 x 0.9-1.9 4-6.8 x 2-3 8.5-10.5x4.3-5.3 3-5.5 x 1.5-3 4.3-8.5x2.5-3.1 11.5-14.5x5.8-7.2 4.2-6.2x1.5-2.2 5.1-7.0 x 2.95.5 x 2.5-3.2 5.6-6.9x2.1-3.1 6.5-9 x 2-2.2 15 x 9 8.5-13 x 2-2.7 5.9-6.9x2.6 10.4-13.6x5.9-6.4 9.5-11 x 2.5-3.2 4-4.5 x 1-1.2 4-5 x 2.2 11.9-18.7x5.6-9.2

1630m 10m 305m

10m

1600m 750m

250m 1500m 500m 79-91m

35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35-48° 36° 36° 36° 36° 36° 36° 36° 36° 36° 36° 37° 37° 37° 37° 37° 37° 37° 37° 37°

2218 7404 9894 41 111 546 9759 35160 460A 6692 13763 19948 4500 ? 12434 4181 918 β 11957 12678 5967 11954 38547 8974 10664 6775 s. n. 34381 2164 62236 W 1106 W3245 22886 40988 399 28 14304

NY PNH PNH SING UPM US US US BO BO B B BISH BISH BO BO BO BO CAHUP KLU PNH PNH PNH US L BO BISH CAHUP HAW HAW US US UC A BISH

28 1708 14755 27835 70426 445 798 2218 3278

A A A A B B B B

3 m 8 8 5 4 11 11 12 3 1 8 6 4 9 2 3 4 9 7 3 3 6 10 9 18 26 10 15 15 5 6 6 12/4 6 24 m 15 6 20 5 2 2

merrillii as gracilis as gracilis obtusifolia citrina neocaledonica ? hainanensis cardiophylla kuhlii coriacea trigonolobus rubida samoensis sp. coriacea iso hasseltii polystachya diversifolia incrassata ridleyi not cardiophylla palawanica palawanica diptera kuhlii Parasitica ridleyi attenuata odorata filiformis cb as betchei obscura merrillii ? intermedia Smith arnottiana vitiensis 2 sp. arnottiana australis diptera

betchei Whistler latifolia merrillii coriacea

RO Ac L OB L E Ap O Ac L Ac O C Ac L Ac E Ap RE L Ac O Ac L Ac E Ro E Ac O Ac O Ac EAC-Ap O Ac OC L Ac L Ac L Ac L Ac OL Ac ELRo E Ro L Ro L Ac L Ac LE Ac OE Ac LRAc ELAc REAp L L Ap O L E Ac E Ac RC RO E Ac

153

6.5-9 x 4.2-5.8 8.7 x 2.5 8-10 x 1.5-2.5 6-6.9 x 3.3 10.2 x 5.8 12.5 x 4.5 5.5-8.5x2.5-3.1 7.5-8.5 x 3.5-5 4.2-6.8 x 2.0 23.3 x 8.5 13.8 x 7.8 4.5-7.5 x 2-3 8.2-10.2x3.4-4.3 8.2-17.2 x 3-4.5 11.9-17.9x5.4-6.8 4 x 1.5 13.6 x 7.7 4.3 x 1.4 8.5-11.3x4-4.5 10.2 x 4.3 9-12 x 5

700m 1800m 273m 0m lower 67°

300m

700m 200m 5m 160m 30m

4.5-5.5 x 2-2.5 9.2-14.5 x2-4.2 2.9-6.8 x 3.1 4.8-8 x 1-2.8 3.2-8.8x1.3-2.2 5-7.5 x 2.3-2.8 3.7-9.8x1.5-2.7 3.2-5.7 x 1.5-2.5 11-19.5 x 6-8.7 6-9.2 x 2.6-3.7

100-250m

10.9 x 4 9.5- 3.4 8-11 x 4-6 3-4.5 x 1.4-2 3.5-6.5 x 1.5-3 4.8-8.5x1.6-3.6 3.2-6.2 x 1.5-3 7.5-8.5x 1.5-2.5 12-14.5x7.2-10 7-8 x 4-5 11.2 x 4.4

750-900m

1300m 200m 600m 400m

10m

750-900m 600m 2300m 150m 450m

37° 37° 37° 37° 37° 37° 37° 37° 37° ? 38 45° 38° 38° 38° 38° 38° 38° 38° 38° 38° 38° 38° 38° 38° 38° 38-44° 39˚ 39° 39° 39° 39° 39° 40 36° 40 45° 40 50° 40/43° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40°

5653 17623 18212 20642 45730 3562 (625969) 21065 6692 1446 -----513

12678 4181 5291 5292 9135 17830 9136 13915 14041 17916 66906 11596 W1106 6871 s. n. 448p 83890 117696 621 18212 75526 798 2238 6586 7374 8660 9680 23173 24353 1922

B B B B B BISH BISH BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BO CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP Gray Gray Gray Gray HAW HAW HAW L L PNH PNH SING SING UC UPM UPM US US US US US US US US

10 12 15 11 14 M 14 11 5 2 5 10 2 5 5 5 6 3 6 5 15 23 5 6 4 15 10 7 1 16 15 2 2 9 12 5 4 10 3 24 15 9 22 2

gracilis philipp. flavescens leucorhoda dolichosparte cagayanensis chlorantha var sp. purpureofusca coriacea diversifolia imperialis lasiantha latifolia latifolia cf.forbesii macrophylla coriacea iso

multiflora diff sp. crassicaulis ?

silvatica cf. vitiensis attenuata as betchei fraterna tjsdsmalangensis not gracilis mindorensis latifolia latifolia leucorhoda not fischeriana forbesii australis diptera cagayanensis vitiensis diptera mindorensis heuschkeliana

L Ac L Ac O Ac R Ac L Ac L Ac E Ro O Ac E RoAc RE Ap E Ap OE Ro RO Ac OC Ac O Ac E Ro E Ac E Ac EL AC L Ro EL Ac R R L L L LRo L Ac E Ac O Ac L Ac E Ac O C Ac CO C Ac OS Ro E Ac O Ac RC Ap L Ac E L L Ac L ObAc Ob

154

7.5-10 x 2 .2-3 10.7-13.5 x 3-3.8 9-11.2 x 4-5-6 8-10 x 6.5-7 4.5-6.5 x 2.5-3 3.4-7.4x1.5-3.2 11.6-15.4x4.6-5.4 7.6-12.8x2.5-6.9 9.4-24.7x4.2-10.2 7.7-8.5 x 5.1 9.5-11.6x3.4-4.3 11.1-13.2x5-5.7 12.6-17.8x6.8-9.8 7.7-11.1x5.2-6.8 10.2-12.8x5.3-6.7 11.9-17.9x5.4-6.8 10-12.8x4.3-5.6 9.6-11.2x3.8-5.4 12.7 x 4.8 12.3-15.2-3.7-4.8 8.6-14.7x4.3-6.1 3.5-4 x 2.6-2.8 2 x 1.8 5.8- x 2.5-3.4 10-13 x 3-3.6 7-8.5 x 3-3.5 4.5-7.5 x 2-2.5 4.5-6.3x1.5-1.7 11-12 x 4.4-5.2 18 x 11

900m 800m 1200m 10m 500m

200m 800m

50m 50m 2000m 100m 600m 600m

17 x 13.5 6 x 3.5 200m 11.7 x 2.6 7.6-11.1x5.1-6.8 4-5 x 1.2-2 6.6-7.2x2.3-3.0 4.8-6 x 1.1-2 3.5-5.5 x 1.1-2 4.9-8.5 x 2-3 3.5-2 x 1.4-2 17 x 8.5-10

350-500m 250-400m 0m

175m

40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40° 40-52°

20958 39381 19965 3409 8660 8717 55 399 1569 44121 171A 18356 511 16719 6871 7----2581 14304 71976 16375 2238 2238 20732 8660 6529 36790 1992065 5966 56579 67059 1128 16941 11864 5023 16728 1974 2218 11591 W1106 301 28096a 2613 3452

A A B BISH Gray HAW L NY NY PNH SING SING US US

A A A A B BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH BISH CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP L L PNH PNH UPM US US US US L K A A

7 2 7 9 15 4 23 10 14 7 5 4 10 17 7 8 4 4 10 2 10 4 4 12 7 20 7 10 6 3 7 8 4 4 7 5 5 19 2 4 9 4 2 6 28

albiflora ischnopus pycnophylla vitiensis as vitiensis pussila intermedia ACS schneei edanoi latifolia latifolia chlorantha obscura edenii coriacea cb crassipes vitiensis fungii patella

attenuata vitiensis vitiensis vitiensis sp. Samar australis incrassata burtoniae bicolor caudata pubifera cardiophylla ischnopus lacunosa cb merrillii cassicaulis ? filiformis cb tenggerensis forbesii incrassata crassif obscura cb ?

lL O L Ac O E Ac L Ac L O Ro L Ac/Ro LEAc E Ac R O L Ac OC L Ac O L Ac L EL ER Ac R OAp E L L Ac CR CR L ERAc E Ro E Ac E Ac RE Ap E Ac-Ap L Ac E Ac OOBAc LE -Ac OC Ac E Ac E Ac L Ac L L Ro O CAc E Ac ORo ORAc

155

8.7-14.2x2.2-2.8 12-12.5 x 3.4-5 8-13 x 3.4-6 7.8-10.5x4.5-5.6 4.2-6.5 x 1-2 5.1-6.9x1.7-2.3 1.5-9.4 x 1-2.2 7-11.1 x 2-4.5 9-10 x 2-2.5 6-8.2 x 4.5-5 6.8-10.4x3.4-4.8 9.5-11.2x4.3-6.8 6.3-7.2 x 2-2.6 3.7-6 x 2-3.1 7-8.2 x 1.8-3 5-6.5 x 2 10 x 5.5 7-9.5 x 4.2-5.6 4-11 x 1.5-4.7 10.5 x 4.5 6-9 x 3 8.8-11 x 6.7-10.5 8.8-11 x 6.7-10.5 2.8-8.5x1.5-2.1 9.5-11.7x2.4-2.8

1219m

10 200-400m 500m 10m

305m

457m 762m

0m 0m 1000m 457m 250-400m 8.4-10.6x3.6-4.2 50-100m 6.3-14.7x3.2-4.5 3.7-7.7x2.6-4.9 11.9x 4.8-6.4 5.6-9.3 x 2.4 9.4-12.8x4.8-6.4 9-13 x 5-7 9.5-14.9 x 2-3 6.5-10.5 x 4-7 500m 100m 5.2-11.2x 2-4.8 6.7-14 x 3.5-4.5 6.7-14 x 3.5-4.5 600m 7.5-11.2x 4-4.5 10-17.5 x 3-10 10-14.5x 4.6-6 3.5-4.7 x 1.5-3

1524m

41° 41° 41° 41° 41° 41° 41° 41° 41° 41° 41° 41° 41° 41° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42° 42-35° 43˚ 43° 43°

9226 11857 20103 20652 2305 s. n. 62237 W2765 2001 44121 5968 15379 6782 9894 11655 14304 8569 9294 19834 22343 5970 56578 10147 14512 3635 17764 5268 12068 13915 s.n. 18614 10809 1649 511 ? 59063 62238 2232 5268 3801 8232 118 s. n. s. n. 354

A A B BISH BISH BO CAHUP HAW UC US CAHUP B A A A A B B B BO CAHUP CAHUP PNH SING PNH A CAHUP A A B B BISH BISH BO CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP HAW HAW KLU L L L

7 m 4 iso 6 9 26 4 11 4 4 8 8 12 5 6 9 1 2 11 9 15 12 6 m 14 4 m 5 iso 10 4 27 26 10 7 4 4 9 19 6 18

pubicalyx engleriana cb pulchella elmeri Merrill vitiensis kuhlii diff sp. odorata fetuana juannguoana edanoi incrassata

E Ac O O Ob O Ac ELRo E Ac E Ro E Ac EL Ro R Ap EAc-Ap Ob C arnottiana E gracilis/philipp EObAc edanoi R vitiensis LORo retusa unt. Ob R Ap dischorensis E Ac macrophylla O Ac not pubicalyx REOb burtoniae wrong L Ac cardiophylla O lasiantha O Ap E Ac mcgregorii ?merr R O rosarioae Ob Ac REOb OR betchei E Ac microphylla O Ob angustisepala OL Ac as diptera megal OLAc lasiantha OE Ro odorata E Ro odorata E Ro multiflora diff sp. LRo-Ac obscura EL Ac O Ac as vitiensis O Ac diversifolia E Ac campanulata E Ro diversifolia E Ob 2 sp. multiflora LE Ro

156

6-8 x 3.5-4.5 5.3-12.5x 3-6 1.5-2.5 x 1- 1.3 7.6-11.4x4.2-4.9 10.5 x 4 5.9-12x 2.4-3.4 5-8x1.6-3.4 5.3-5.5 x 2.2-2 11.2-15 x 5-6.3 4.5-7 x 2.8-5 6.4-12x3.2-5.3

0m 1524m 900m

8.5-17 x 3.5-6 8.5-10x2.1-2.2 4-5 x 3.5-4.3 4.2-11.5x 1.5-4.5 8.7-11.2x5-6.8 7.5-14 x 5-9 5-11 x 2.4-4.8 11.9 x 5 5.8-11.3x4-4.5 5.9-7.2x1.6-2.4 9-11 x 4.5-8 6-11.8x2.8-6.3

1356m 1800m 976m 750-900m 1067m 1372-1676m 900m

300m 2001500m 500m 5m

1800m 46˚

200m 7.5-12.8 x 5-7.8 0m 2-3.5 x 1.1-2 3.5 x 2.9 6.5-9 x 1.9-2.2 1.6 x 1 9.5-17.9x3.2-6.3 9.4 x 4.2 10.2-12.8x5.1-5.6 4.6-6.4x1.6-2.9 5.6-8x1.6-3.2 4-12.5x2.2-3.5 4.8-6.1 x 2-3.4 5.1 x 2.6 9.4-12.8x3.4-5.1 11.7 x 3.1 7.1-12.5 x 3.5 3.5-5.2 x 2-4.8 7.5-11.5x 4.8-6 8.7-10x 2.7-3.5

60m 50m 1100m

700m 200-1000m 220-1100

200m

43° 43° 43° 43° 43° 43° 43° 43° 43° 43° 43-50° 43-58° 44° 44° 44° 44° 44° 44° 44° 44° 44° 44° 44° 44-50° 45 50° 45 52° 45˚ 45° 45° 45° 45° 45° 45° 45° 45° 45° 45° 45° 45° 45° 45° 45° 45° 45°

50413 787 32374 2164 8896 76330 12068 15942 16107 19627 9526 20652 41746 51746 1896 45342 3510 22744 13765 1011 62239 W3108 9456 5519 7067 9529 15919 43947 20652 9759 17859 18214 19387 5342 9539 s. n. 8444 325771 1569 9757 2331 11857 16340 17494

LEA SING UPM US US A A B B B BISH NY US US B A A A B BISH CAHUP HAW HAW SING SING US US US US A B B BO GUAM HAW L PNH UMP US US A A A B

6 2 22 13 5 m 39 6 5 5 19 3 2 2 3 3 20 3 2 15 25 4 1 5 14 8 10 6 2 10 2 26 4 13 25 25 14 13 7 m 8 5 7 5

latifolia paziae attenuata elmeri weebella ? australis australis rhodostella chlorantha elmeri fungi fungii naumanii calycina

L COAc E Ro L E Ob O O E Ap E Ap L Ac OLAc RE Ac RE Ro Ob O RC O

7-9.5 x 2.6-4 14.3 x 8.4 5-8.5 x 1.4-3.1 4.9-6 x 1.2-2 6.1-7.7x2.5-3.5 1.7 x 0.7 2-3.7 x 1-2 15.5 x 7.5 12-14 x 6-7.1 8.5-11.5 x 3.7-5 4.6-9.7x2.1-5.1 10.5 x 4.9-6

914m

1300m

60m 1967m 1967m 1200m

11.8-14 x 5.8-7 12 x 5.5-9.9 x 7.5 17.5-18 x 8 1402m R Ac 2.7-3.5x 1.5-2.2 6m RAp 15m meliflua luzonica E 9x5 chlorantha ELAc 4-7 x 1.8-2.4 odorata E Ro 5.6-9.6x1.6-2.2 200-1100m ? E Ac 5.5 x 2.5-3 200m E Ac 10-10.5 x3.5-4 50m latifolia O Ac 12 x 6.8 ridleyi EL Ob 5.8-8.8x2.6-4.1 O Ac 4.5 x 3 vitiensis O 7.4 x 3 50-100m ovalifolia L Ac 3-8.2 x 1.5-2.5 angustisepala cb O Ac 11-12.7 x 5.2-5.7 150m elmeri O Ac 12.2x 6.7 hainanensis OL 7.1-8.2x 3.1-4.9 montana E Ac 10.6 x 4.5 600m solaniflora L 3.6-8.3x 1.2-2.5 1200m diversifolia RE Ap 3.4-5.1x2.6-3.4 trukensis 0 E Ap/Ro 4.9 x 2.6 427m matavanuensis E Ro 2.5-5 x 1-1.5 650m campanulata E Ro 6-13 x 2.4-4.5 obscura O 3.5-8 x 1.5-3 350m carnosa LE AC schneei L Ac 7.5-10.2x 1.7-2.9 cumingiana dens R 2.5 x 1.7 australis C 9.8-13.7x8-9.6 subglabra cb EAc 5.5-12.2 x 3-6 1524m angustifolia O 5.2-9 x 0.7-0.9 warburgii RE Ap 7-10.5x 5.5-8.3

157

45° 45° 45° 45° 45° 45-52° 46° 46° 46° 46° 46° 46° 46° 46° 46°45° 46-43° 47° 47° 47° 47° 47° 47° 47° 47° 47° 47° 47° 47° 47-53° 48° 48° 48° 48° 48° 48° 48° 48° 48° 48° 48° 48° 49° 49° 49° 49°

W2705 11864 731 10829

HAW PNH SING US

10829 US 70316 CAHUP 2090 A 21190 A 73411 A 73411 A 18060 B 610 BISH 2679 BO 39891 BO 44083 BO 19387 BO s. n. BO 94 BO 59537 CAHUP 5294 CAHUP 5293 CAHUP 60587 CAHUP 60588 CAHUP 51317 CAHUP 9529 Gray 20629 Gray 12 Hooker 399 K s. n. L 15904 NY 20137 NY s. n. NY 2792 PNH 6171 US 9335 US 9529 US 44121 US 2452 SING 19447 A 19781 B (E23533) BISH 3095 BISH 59822 CAHUP 12439 CAHUP

13 12 6 5 2 13 25 10 10 11 11 4 6 16 4 16 10 24 5 5 15 16 16 8 4 9 5 3 11 3 2 8 8 8 8 10 96 6 24 16 4 4 6

tamaleaaea 2 sp. latifolia mindanaensis coriacea angust. angustisepala lazeroi

O AcRo OC/L CO C EC Ac

OObC E Ac O myanmarica LRo lancilimba E lancilimba L Ac subglabra OL Ro chlorantha L Ac coriacea E Ac crassipes R Ob diversifolia E Ob diversifolia R Ob kuhlii diff sp. E L Ac lasiantha E Ro as odorata E Ro L Ac E Ac multiflora L Ac multiflora L Ac multiflora E Ac vitiensis L Ap imperialis Ob Ap thompsonii cb E O Ap phyllura L Ro polystachya OCAc carrii E RoAc fungii E Ac macrophylla 2 sp O C Ac OE Ac diptera ? L O Ac vitiensis E Ac edanoi R Ap maingayi L Ac macgillivrayi OCAc oleoides OE Ro sp. ORAc vitiensis ERAc pentaphlebia RC Ac multiflora L Ro

158

4.5-5.5 x 2.5-3 350m 7.5-10 x 6.5-6 500m 10.2-11.9x4.2-6.8 15 x 6 15-17 x 5.7 11 x 2.8 6.5-8.3 x 5-5.5 4-13.3x1.7-3.5 5.8-11.1 x 1.8-3.4 5-13 x 2-5.6 6.9-20.5x2.5-2.8 9.3-10.2x4.3-4.8 5.2-11.1x3.5-6.8 4.3-8.5x2.6-4.3 3.9-5.2x2.6-5.1 5.9-12x 2.4-3.4 12.8 x 5.1 5.4-7.4x1.6-3.2 8-9.6 x 3.2-4.8 10.4-14.2x5-6.2 8.6-11.2 x3.2-4 10.6 x 2.4-3.2 8.8-10.7x3.5-4.8 7-7.8 x 3-3.5 15-19 x 6.7-8.5 3-5.9 x 2-3 11 x 3.2 12-16.8 x 6-8 8-10.5 x 2-3.5 12.5-16 x 5.2-6 15.4 x 10

950m 1372m

450m ? 200m

40-50m 50-100m

150m

8.5-9.2x3.2-3.5 750-850m 2.7-4.5x 1.3-1.7 500m 7.3-3 50-100m 7.7-11.6x3.1-3.7 6.8-13 x 4-6.4 5-7 x 2-3.5 4.6-9.5x3.5-6.6 10-12.6x2.8-5.9 6.4 x 4.8 16-19 x 4.6-6

60m 1300m 150m ? 900m

49° 49° 49° 49° 49-64° 50˚ 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 50° 60˚ 51° 51° 51° 51° 51° 51°

W477 3062 W3139 653 ? 330 9214 69406 73935 19541 4815 27217 6903 67049 2233 W162 21980 38453 8444 34530 18 57337 18261 5542 17494 20315 49272 39370 159 12964 14512 5565 8385 9529 14663 7020 757 4401 34219 72636 83385 17688 18767 2935 53608 61746

HAW PRE B BO A A A A B BISH BO BO CAHUP CAHUP HAW PNH PNH PNH US US ? CAHUP A B B B B PNH SING SING SING US US US US A A A A A B B BO CAHUP NY

18 2 11 9

Samoensis/betch mitrata whistlerii lauterbachii

O L Ac L O Ap E Ac E Ap

3.4-6.8x1-1.7 11.2 x 6.3 6.8-7 x 2.8-3.5 5.9-7.7x2.8-3.4

600m

8 m 9 7 11 8 6 9 10 8 22 4 2 6 11 10 10 6 5 11 6 2 8 6 2 9 5

rubra lanceolata liangii gigas megalantha crassipes lasiantha buotii multiflora chlorantha odorata merrillii obscura reticulata unt. longifolia multiflora lancilimba alagensis warburgii torricellensis meliflua luzonica merrillii mitrata maingayi lasiantha vitiensis meliflua vitiensis odorata cb

E L Ac E Ob E Ap L Ro ObL Ob E Ro E Ro LE RO L Ac L LE Ro RE Ac OC Ac L Ac E Ro LRo E Ac RO O L Ac E Ob RE Ac O Ap L Ac O Ap RE Ro EO E E Ro OL ObAp R L L O Ac L Ro OL Ob O Ac E Ro RE

3-6 x 1-2.8 2.0-3 x 0.5-1.3 4-6.9 x 2.2-3

15m 1700m 0m 1067m 750m

m 12 12 m 8 12 14 7 m 3 6

globulosa cumingiana dens wallichii campa fungii reticulata oreostemma venusta hasseltii multiflora fungii

159

350m

11.8-12.6x 4.8 5.8-9 x 2.5-3.6 9.5-11.9x2.6-4.3 500m 5.2-9.2 x 2-3 9-16 x 4.4-4.6 6.8 x 1.8 5-7.5 x 2-2.5 1130m upper 5-11 x 3.5-7 lower 8-9.4 x 4-5.6 6-11.6 x 2.3-3 914-1219m 12.8-15.5x3.8-4.3 10-14x 3.4-4.2 10 x 3.8-4.2 150m 6.8-10.2x4.9-6.5 9.4-11.7x 3-4.2 800m 7.5-10 x 2.7-5 lower 6.8-13x4.8-6.8 5.1-10.2x1.8-2.6 10.2 x 6.5 7.5-8.5 x 4-5 725-825m 6.5-9 x 3.5-5 7.4 x 3 50-100m 4 x 1.6 3.5-5.8 x 1.2-2 4.5-6 x 2.8-4.4 3.5-4 x 1.8-2 200m 6-9.5 x 2.3 305m 7.7-12.5x 3.3-4.7 335m 7-10.5 x 4.5-5.5 6-12.8 x 1-3.3 1000m 1.6-5 x 0.6-1.5 2200m 3.4 x 1.7 4-5.4x3.2-4.3 50-100m 7.5-9.8 x 4-5.6

51° 51° 52 56° 52˚ 52° 52° 52° 52° 52° 52° 52° 52° 52° 52° 52° 52° 52° 52° 52° 52° 52-60° 53° 53° 53° 53° 53° 53° 53° 53° 53° 53° 53° 53° 53° 54° 54° 54° 54° 54° 54° 54° 54° 54° 54° 54°

4195 29062 354 6706 18075 20102 44421 1860 D17031 61957 18682 51316 28938 135 5715 11581 379 727 6644 17865 4815 16971 64271 150 9385 4413 23195 2180 s. n. 7989 10829 815 24076 1452 19376 2599 140 18059 41926 12994 9757 12809 10829 s. n. s. n.

US US L BO B B B BO BO CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP KLU L US US A B B BISH BO CAHUP US US A A BISH BISH HAW L A A A B BISH BO CAHUP CAHUP NY SING US B BO L

13 17 12 24 7 10 7 13 12 8 18 17 5 8 6 11 10 8 m 13 6 13 5 5 16 18 18 6 17 5 4 14 6 6 5 10 9 17 2 m 9 5 4 8

megalantha cagayanensis multiflora odorata hyploasia epedunculata crassipes laurifolia multiflora multiflora multiflora diversifolia meliflua wightii lancilimba calycina cb exilis megalantha pubifera multiflora ex bandanensis meliflua venusta cb vitiensis fraterna whistlerii angustisepala darwinii lancilimba ridleyi parasitica piestolepis vitiensis rubida multiflora meliflua nervosa densifolia wightii angustisepala not fusca multiflora

E Ac 5-6.5 x 2.1-3.8 1165-1195m L 6.5 x 3 L Ac 7x3 LAc/Ro 6.3-7.7x1.8-3.4 LO 13.2-20 x 4.2 400m L Ro 6.8-12.4 x 3-5 900m R O Ap 6.2-8 x 4-5 R Ob 5.9-6.8x3.9-6 Ob Ap 5.7-6.3x3.1-3.7 E Ro 12.8-14.4x4.8-6.4 RE Ac 8.2-15.2x3.2-6.4 E Ac 7.2-10x 3.2-5.3 E ApRo 9.8-12 x3-4.4 E Ac 6.8-9.5x2.6-3.4 Ob 5-10.8 x 3-6 60m E L 5.7-6 x 2.4-3 L Ro R 11.5 x 5.51676m L Ro 6-7 x 1.4-2 700m ? OLRo 8.8-12.6x3.2-4.8 750m L Ac 3.9 x 2.6 E Ro 9.8-12.8x2.9-4.5 R Ap 9-11 x 5.5-7.5 E L Ac 3.2 -4.6 x 1.2 LRo ERoAc 11.6 x 4 100m O Ac 18.9 x 6.9 E Ac 5.5-7 x 2.4-3.6 350m E Ac 11-16.2 x 4-6 ELAc 9.5-14 x 3.5-4 LRo L Ac 8-15 x 4.-5.3 E C Ac 8.2-15 x 3.5-7.9 450m ELAc 6.9-9.9x3.8-5.7 450m OE Ac... 5.9 x 2.6-3.0 0m E Ap 9.6-16x3.2-6.4 E Ac 6.4-10.8x2.4-2.6 OE Ac 8.5-17.5x4.2-6.2 OE Ac 2 x 1.5 O Ro 3.8-7 x 2-3 OE Ac L Ro 11-14.6x2.6-3.6 LE Ac 7-9.6 x 2.4

160

54° 54° 55 62° 55˚ 55° 55° 55° 55° 55° 55° 55° 55° 55° 55° 55° 55° 55-58° 56° 56° 56° 56° 56° 56° 56° 56° 57° 57° 57° 57° 57° 57° 58 63° 58 65° 58° 58° 58° 58° 58° 58° 58° 58° 58° 58-62° 59° 59°

1175 14065 22214 5715 9757 23483 46948 2272 17510

US A US A A A A B B

8 4 m 8

70603 39728 s. n. 5361 53609 53659 53658 61956 57907 C20 3612 1175 26221 2243 13580 1083 5618 61958 19258 2245 2231 2230 1814 70603 53610 64272 5618 4195 18472 8610 41 (625947) 8735 3621 51315

B BO BO CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP KLU NY US US CAHUP US B B CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP CAHUP UC US CAHUP CAHUP US A CAHUP US A BISH CAHUP NY CAHUP

5 5 7 13 7 8 19 8 10 11 4 7 17 25 10 1 21 16 40 8 10 7 12 2 14 14 22 25 10 19 2 7 6 4 14

5 6 1 5

ovalifolia cumingiana cumingiana piestolepis gigas cb calycina fungii meliflua obtusifolia multiflora multiflora multiflora multiflora multiflora multiflora archboldiana ovalifolia cumingiana wightii paziae multiflora odorata meliflua multiflora multiflora solaniflora fungii multiflora multiflora paziae megalantha multiflora odorata diversifolia sp. multiflora archboldiana multiflora

O R Ac E Ro O C Ac RE Ap OC OERo E Ac RE Ap R C Ac

4-7 x 2.5-3.9

3.5-5 x 2-2.4 11-17 x 4.8-7 9-14 x 4.2-5.9 12.5 x 7 14.2-19.5x8.610.5 R E Ap 8.3-9.2 x 4.5-5.5 E Ac Ob 10.2-18.7x4.8-8.8 E Ap 3.4-5.5 x 1.2 E Ro 7.2-8.8x2.6-3.5 E Ro 11.2-13.2x3-4.2 E Ro 7.2-13x2.7-4.5 E Ro 9.6 x 2.9-3.5 E Ro 12.7-15x4.8-6.4 E Ro 13-16 x 4 E Ac 8.5 x 3.1 EC Ap 12.3-14.8x6.1-7 L 4-6.9 x 2.5-3.8 O C Ac 4-6 x 3-3.8 E Ro 5.4-8.8 x 2-3 L E Ro 3.8-5.6 x 1.7-2.6 LE Ac 5.5 x 2 L Ro 4.5-7 x 2.2-2.7 E Ro 7.2-13.3x3-5.6 E Ro 4.3-6.9x1.4-2.7 E Ap 6.6-11x3.5-5.3 E Ro 9-12.8 x 3-4.6 E rO 12.6-15.2 x 4-6 L Ac R 8.4-10 x 5.5-6.9 E Ro 9.9-13.4x3.5-4.6 E Ro 8-14.7x3.7-4.6 L Ro 5.2-6 x 2.2-2.5 LOAc 3.7-7.4 x 1.9-3.4 E Ac 8-13.8x3.2-7.2 OE 7x3 R Ac O Ac 8.2-11.2x3.9-5.6 E Ro 10.2-11.9x4.2-4.5 E C Ap 12.5-13x 6.1-7.2 E Ac 11.2-13.4x4.4-4.8

161

59° 60 70° 60 73° 60° 60° 60° 60° 60° 60°

1676m 60m 366m 366m 1100m 244m

50-100m 50-100m 50-100m 50-100m

150m

100m 900m

231m 50-100m 3m 1165-1195m

53° 450m

60° 60° 60° 60° 60° 60° 60° 60° 60° 60° 60° 60° 60° 60-80° 61° 62° 62° 62° 62° 62° 62° 62° 62° 62° 63° 63° 63° 64° 64° 64° 65 70° 65° 65° 65° 66°

32 8610 19389 20213 1963 3202 27 1420 62175 s. n. 25079 15941 19968 4046 56582

US US B B US B NY A A BO A B B BO CAHUP

7 19 12 8 3 10 6 12 6 6 6 6 m m m

US A PNH UC US B NY US A BO 1120 HB L 3124 BO 1230 US 2704 K 822 UMP 350a B 16165 US 20341b L 6679 PNH 7288 A 18393 B 97009 BISH 70365 CAHUP s. n. L s. n. A 2 sp. 1924 6302649 A 1339 B 7 BISH

24 12 24 4 17 25 3 13 2 30 6 20 7 2 13 m 2 4 27 12 15

23656 72288 6706 14574 18041 5650 s. n. 5650

m 14 12 6

globulosa odorata wightii gracilipes odorata wrightii lyi fusca as fusca peekelii cb gigas halophila lacunosa panchoi odorata as fusca odorata darwinii paziae odorata cembra leucantha bicarinata cembra leucantha diversifolia odorata obtusifolia tyasm parasitica acuta imperialis cb revoluta bordenii amoena odorata fusca kenejiana gildingii krohniana lacunosa fusca ? fusca obtusifolia greenii

O Ap E Ro LE Ac O RE Ap C Ro E Ac E obt E O Ap OAc E R Ap O Ac LEAc

8.5-16.2x3.5-6.5 6x3 8.2-9.3x4-4.5 9.8-10.5 x 2.5-3 4.5-7.5x2.8-4.4 3.3-5 x 2.2-2 5-6 x 2-2.9 3-7.5 x 0.8-2.5 12.2-15x3.9-4.5 11-14x3.5-4.3 7.5-15.2 x 2-6 6.1-13x 2.9-4.5 3.5-4.9 x 2.4-3.2 1.6 x1.3 5.6 x1.6 5.9-9 x 2.5-3.2 10.2-14x2.9-4.3

LE Ro L Ro E Ro ObL Ac 8.5-11 x 2-3.1 EL Ro 5-7.5 x 1.3-3 L Ro 8-10 x 2-3 R Ap 8-10 x 6.2-6.8 L Ro 7.4 x 2 RO 7.5 x 4.5 L Ro 5.7 x 1.8 E Ob 6-12.5 x 3-5 E Ac 5.1-9.5x2.4-4.3 E Ap 15.4-15 x 5.7-6 E E Ac 2.6-4.4x1.2-2.2 O Ac 2-3.5 x 0.8-1.3 L Ac 13-15 x 2-2.5 E Ac 8-11 x 3.5-3.7 E Ro E 10-15.2x2.8-3.7 L 5.5-8 x 1.5-2.8 E Ro ROC Ap 1.5 x 1 O Ac 2.4-3 x 1.5-2 O 7.2-10.5x 2.4-3 OL 4-8 x 1.5-3 lL 10-12.2 x 1.9-2 l E Ob 13-15 x 305 E Ac 12-15 x 3-4

162

450m 800m 1300m 1760-2000m

800m

2700m

300m

130-200m 2200m

976m 2700m 150m

1219m

66° 66° 67° 67° 67° 68° 68° 70 90° 70 90° 70˚ 70° 70° 70° 70° 70° ? 70-80° 70-95° 72° 72° 72° 73 73° 73° 74° 74° 75° 76° 80° 80° ? 80° ? 80-90° 8-10° 82 104° 82 60° 82 95° 82° 85° 85-105˚ 85-90° 90 98° 90° 90° 90° 90°

2124 43106 1924 13688

BO US B

m 7 15 9

lacunosa clemensiorum acuta parasitica marginata

O Ac OC OE

1.1-2.6x0.8-1.4 9.8 x 4.5-5 4-8.2 x 1.5-3 17.6 x 8

lower 47°

90° 90° 90-97° in 18°

Leaf Nervation (Veining) Types The majority of leaves in the genus hoya have pinnate nervation. cf. veining. There are intergradations which make precise designations difficult. The palmate types, where the nerves arise from a common point most have 5 nerves but a few have 3 nerves and in some cases the second pair arise slightly up the midrib and the classification merges then into quintupilinerved (5-ribbed) classifications. The placements below is based on type descriptions or observations from Holotype herbarium sheets.

Palmate nervation

Plinerved nervation

1. Hoya anulata Schlechter 1905. 1. Hoya acuta Haworth 1821. 2. Hoya bhutanica Grierson & Long 1979. 2. Hoya alata K. Hill 1986. 3. Hoya citrina Ridley 1922. 3. Hoya aldrichii Hemsley 1890 4. Hoya cinnamomifolia Hooker 1848 4. Hoya amoena Bakhuizen 1950. 5. Hoya clandestina Blume 1848 5. Hoya aurantiaca Klopp. & Siar 2009. 6. Hoya dictyoneura K. Schumann 1905. 6. Hoya balansae Constantine 1912. 7. Hoya dolichosparte Schlechter 1916. 7. Hoya benguetensis Schlechter 1906. 8. Hoya glabra Schlechter 1908. 8. Hoya benvergarai Klopp. & Siar 2008. 9. Hoya latifolia G. Don 1838. 9. Hoya bicolensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2009. 10. Hoya limoniaca S. Moore 1921. 10. Hoya blashernaezii Kloppenburg 1999. 11. Hoya loyceandrewsiana Green 1994. 11. Hoya bordenii Schlechter 1906. 12. Hoya macrophylla Blume 1826. 12. Hoya brittonii Kloppenburg, 1992. 13. Hoya nicholsoniae Mueller 1866. 13. Hoya buruensis Miquel 1869. 14. Hoya pachyclada Kerr 1939. 14. Hoya cagayanensis Burton 1987 15. Hoya pentaphlebia Merrill 1918. 15. Hoya camphorifolia Warburg 1904 16. Hoya perakensis Ridley 1910. 16. Hoya carrii Forster & Liddle 1992 17. Hoya polystachya Blume 1849. 17. Hoya cominsii Hemsley 1890. 18. Hoya pottsii Traill 1830. 18. Hoya fischeriana Warburg 1904. 19. Hoya praetorii Miquel 1857. 19. Hoya fitchii Kloppenburg & Siar 2010. 20. Hoya purpureofusca Hooker 1850. 20. Hoya lambii Green 2000. 21. Hoya pseudolittoralis Norman 1937. 21. Hoya landgrantensis Klopp. & Siar 2009. 22. Hoya rigida Kerr 1939. (think this wrong) 22. Hoya lindaueana Koorders 1911. 23. Hoya tjadasmalangensis Bakhuizen 1950. 23. Hoya macgregorii Schlechter 1906. 24. Hoya trinervis Trail 1837. 24. Hoya manipurensis Deb 1955. 25. Hoya revolubilis Tsiang et P. T. Li 1974. 25 Hoya marginata Schlechter 1905. 26. Hoya sogeriensis Moore 1913. 26. Hoya merrillii Schlechter 1904.

163

27. Hoya tauensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2008.

27. Hoya neocaledonica Schlechter 1906. 28. Hoya neoebudica Guillaumin 1937. 29. Hoya nicholsoniae Mueller 1866. 30. Hoya nuuuliensis Klopp. & Siar 2009. 31. Hoya obscurinervia Merrill 1923. 32. Hoya ottolanderi Koorders 1911. 33. Hoya palawanica Kloppenburg 1990. 34. Hoya pycnophylla Rechinger 1908. 35. Hoya querinoensis Klopp. & Siar 2007. 36. Hoya picta Miquel 1856. 37. Hoya samoensis Seemann 1866. 38. Hoya siariae Kloppenburg 2000. 39. Hoya subquintuplinervis Miquel 1869. 40. Hoya tenggerensis Bakhuizen 1950. 41. Hoya tutuilensis Klopp. & Siar 2009 42. Hoya upoluensis Reinecke 1893. 43. Hoya wibergiae Kloppenburg 2001.

164