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Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.

Accepted
Diospyros melanoxylon tree
Diospyros melanoxylon tree
Diospyros melanoxylon seeds
Diospyros melanoxylon seeds
Diospyros melanoxylon leaf twig
Diospyros melanoxylon leaf twig
Diospyros melanoxylon fruit
Diospyros melanoxylon fruit
Diospyros melanoxylon fruit
Diospyros melanoxylon fruit
Diospyros melanoxylon bark
Diospyros melanoxylon bark
Diospyros melanoxylon tree
Diospyros melanoxylon seeds
Diospyros melanoxylon leaf twig
Diospyros melanoxylon fruit
Diospyros melanoxylon fruit
Diospyros melanoxylon bark
🗒 Synonyms
No Data
🗒 Common Names
Bengali
  • Kend
  • Kendu
English
  • Malabar Ebony
Hin
  • Kendu
Hindi
  • Kendu
  • Tendu
  • Timburni
  • आबनूस Abnus
Kannada
  • Abanasi
  • Balai
  • Tupra/Beedi mara
Malayalam
  • Kari
Marathi
  • 'karimar' 'करिमर'
  • Temru
  • Tendu
  • Timburni
Nepali
  • Abnush
  • Tendu
Other
  • Beddiyilamaram
  • Beedi elai
  • Black Ebony
  • Coromandel Ebony
  • East Indian Ebony
  • Ebony
  • Ebony Persimmon
  • Kaarai
  • Karumthumbi
  • Kendu Leaves
  • Tendu Leaves
  • Thumbi
Sanskrit
  • दीर्घपत्रक Dirghapatraka
Tamil
  • Karai
  • Karundumbi
  • Tumbi
Telugu
  • Beedi Aaku
  • Tuniki
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Diagnostic Keys
Description
Bark black or dark brown, very thick, corky, deeply fissured vertically, flakes rectangular, leaves thick, pale green, with soft hair, fruit, yellowish and fleshy with enlarged calyx like brinjal.
Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
Attributions Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
Contributors 
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY_NC
References 
    Habit: Tree
    G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
    Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      No Data
      📚 Natural History
      Cyclicity
      Leaf Fall

      March--April

      Flowering

      April--June

      Fruiting

      April--June

      Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
      Attributions Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY_NC
      References 
        Reproduction
        Propagation Techniques

        Soak seeds in cold water for 24hrs.

        Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
        Attributions Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY_NC
        References 
          Dispersal
          Dispersers

          Dispersers: Other Mammals

          Pollinators

          Pollinators: Insect

          Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
          Attributions Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY_NC
          References 
            Size
            Seed Size

            1.5 cm.

            Tree Height

            24 m.

            Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
            Attributions Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY_NC
            References 
              Growth
              High
              Competitiveness

              Poor

              Where To Plant

              Field border,Avenue

              Growth Rate

              slow growing

              Drought Tolerance

              High

              Drainage

              Well

              Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
              Attributions Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY_NC
              References 
                Morphology

                Growth Form

                Tree
                Tree
                Tree Type

                Deciduous

                Canopy

                Semi

                Leaf Type

                Nerale like

                Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
                Attributions Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY_NC
                References 
                  Miscellaneous Details
                  Interesting Facts

                  Leaves used to wrap tobacco dust to make beedis, hence called ‘Beedi mara’ locally. In the past, black trunk was used to make black keys of the piano.

                  Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
                  Attributions Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY_NC
                  References 
                    Notes: Dry Evergreen to Dry Deciduous Forests
                    G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                    Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      No Data
                      📚 Habitat and Distribution
                      Description
                      Throughout Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra and Madhya Pradesh.
                      Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
                      Attributions Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY_NC
                      References 
                        Maharashtra: Ahmednagar, Nasik, Pune, Raigad, Satara, Thane Karnataka: Belgaum, Coorg, Hassan, Mysore, N. Kanara, Shimoga Kerala: Idukki, Palakkad Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Dharmapuri, Kancheepuram, Nilgiri, Salem, Tirunelveli, Tiruvannamalai , Viluppuram
                        G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                        Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY
                        References 
                          Endemic Distribution
                          Nativity

                          Native

                          Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
                          Attributions Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
                          Contributors 
                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                          Licenses CC_BY_NC
                          References 
                            No Data
                            📚 Occurrence
                            No Data
                            📚 Demography and Conservation
                            Conservation Status
                            Not Evaluated
                            Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
                            Attributions Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
                            Contributors 
                            Status UNDER_CREATION
                            Licenses CC_BY_NC
                            References 
                              No Data
                              📚 Uses and Management
                              Uses

                              System of Medicines Used In

                              Ayurveda
                              Ayurveda
                              Folk medicine
                              Folk medicine
                              Siddha
                              Siddha
                              Unani
                              Unani
                              Medicinal :

                              Medicinal : Bark,Fruit

                              Food:

                              Food: Fruit

                              Fodder:

                              Fodder: goat,cattle

                              Fuelwood:

                              Poor fuelwood

                              Pest Management:

                              Pest management: Leaf

                              Services And Uses

                              Culturally significant, Timber, Implements

                              Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
                              Attributions Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
                              Contributors 
                              Status UNDER_CREATION
                              Licenses CC_BY_NC
                              References 
                                System Of Medicines Used In

                                Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Folk medicine

                                FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=836
                                Attributions FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=836
                                Contributors 
                                Status UNDER_CREATION
                                Licenses CC_BY
                                References 

                                   The most economically significant use of this species is that its leaves are used to roll beedis (Indian cigarettes).

                                  Sharachchandra Lele, ATREE
                                  Attributions Sharachchandra Lele, ATREE
                                  Contributors 
                                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                                  Licenses CC_BY
                                  References 
                                    No Data
                                    📚 Information Listing
                                    References
                                    1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=836
                                    1. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Matthew 1983
                                    Information Listing > References
                                    1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=836
                                    2. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Matthew 1983

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                                    No Data
                                    📚 Meta data
                                    Meta data
                                    Diospyros-melanoxylon_map.tif
                                    Diospyros melanoxylon_LC.tif
                                    1 Nerale-like leaf.tif
                                    Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
                                    Attributions Kavitha, A., N. Deepthi, R. Ganesan, S. C. Gladwin Joseph. Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, 2043
                                    Contributors 
                                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                                    Licenses CC_BY_NC
                                    References 
                                      No Data
                                      🐾 Taxonomy
                                      RootRoot
                                      KingdomPlantae
                                      PhylumTracheophyta
                                      ClassEquisetopsida C. Agardh
                                      OrderEricales Bercht. & J. Presl
                                      FamilyEbenaceae
                                      GenusDiospyros
                                      SpeciesDiospyros melanoxylon Roxb.
                                      📊 Temporal Distribution
                                      📷 Related Observations
                                      👥 Groups
                                      India Biodiversity PortalIndia Biodiversity Portal
                                      TreesIndiaTreesIndia
                                      The Western GhatsThe Western Ghats
                                      PlantsIndiaPlantsIndia
                                      Medicinal PlantsMedicinal Plants
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