Trees in semievergreen to moist deciduous forests up to 900 m.
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Nauclea parvifolia Roxb. |
| synonym | Stephegyne parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. |
🗒 Common Names
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| Irula |
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📚 Overview
Summary
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Habit: A large deciduous tree, upto 20m.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Flowering branch
Petiole and leaf insertion
Habit
Deciduous trees, up to 20 m tall.
Trunk\bark
Bark grey, smooth and thin irregularly scaly when mature.
Branchlets
Young branchlets angular to subterete, glabrous.
Leaves
Leaves simple, opposite, decussate; stipules foliacous with keeled back, interpetiolar, caducous and leaving scar; petioles 1-4 cm long, canaliculate in cross section, glabrous; lamina 16 x 10 cm, ovate, elliptic-obovate to orbiculate, apex abruptly acuminate with blunt tip, rarely acute, base acute to attenuate to subcordate, margin entire, coriaceous, glabrous; midrib flat above; secondary nerves 6-10 pairs, hairy domatia present at axils; tertiary nerves distantly obliquely retiuculo-percurrent.
Flowers
Inflorescence terminal head; flowers sessile, cream-white; calyx lobes short.
Fruit& seed
Capsules, arranged in globose heads, each with 2-folicular cocci; seeds many, winged.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Deciduous trees, to 25 m high, bark 20-25 mm thick, grey-black, smooth exfoliations thin, irregular, fibrous; blaze pink, traversed by whitish rays; branchlets subterete. Leaves simple, opposite, decussate; stipules 1 cm long, interpetiolar, ovate-oblong or obovate, foliaceous, membranous, cauducous; petiole 10-40 mm long, stout, grooved above, glabrous; lamina 5-16 cm x 2.5-10 cm, variable, ovate, orbicular, elliptic or ovate-oblong, base obtuse, attenuate, acute or subcordate, apex obtuse or round; margin entire, glabrous, coriaceous; lateral nerves 6-10 pairs, pinnate, prominent beneath; intercostae scalariform, slender; domatia present. Flowers bisexual, creamy white, 10-12 mm long, in terminal heads; peduncle supported by a pair of bract like oblong leaves; bracteoles small, subulate; calyx tube short, truncate, rim even; corolla tube funnel shaped, 8 mm long, villous inside, lobes 4-5 oblong, reflexed; stamens 5, attached towards the apex of corolla tube; anthers apiculate; ovary 2-celled, inferior, ovules many; style filiform; stigma mitriform, hollow at base. Fruit capsules in globose heads, 2-3 mm long, ribbed, separating in to two cocci, brown; seeds many, small, 10-ribbed.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Habit: Tree
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Morphology
Growth Form
Tree
Flower
In terminal or axillary, globose heads; cream. Flowering from April-June.
Fruit
A small capsule, aggregated in globose heads; seeds many, flat, winged. Fruiting June onwards.
Field tips
Bark light grey, smooth with small circular batches. Hairy domatia on the nerve axils.
Leaf Arrangement
Opposite-decussate
Leaf Type
Simple
Leaf Shape
Oblong-(sub)orbicular
Leaf Apex
Obtuse
Leaf Base
Truncate-acute
Leaf Margin
Entire
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Ecology
Trees in semievergreen to moist deciduous forests up to 900 m.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Miscellaneous Details
Notes: Moist deciduous forests, Plains to Mid Altitude, Dry Localities, also Cultivated
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Moist deciduous forests
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Global Distribution
Indo-Malesia
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: Palakkad, Idukki, Malappuram, Kannur, Kollam, Kozhikkode, Thrissur, Wayanad
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Karnataka: Belgaum, Chikmagalur, Coorg, Hassan, Mysore, N. Kanara, Shimoga
Kerala: Idukki, Kannur, Kollam, Kozhikode, Malapuram, Palakkad, Thrissur
Tamil Nadu: All districts
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Found in deciduous forests and ravine areas from plain to 900m. Common. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Bangladesh.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Indomalayasia; in the Western Ghats- throughout.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda
Folk medicine
Siddha
Wood is moderately hard and used for making furnitures. The root and bark are used in medicinal preparations.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
System Of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Siddha
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1442
| Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1442 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth., Observ. Naucl. Ind. 19. 1839; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 585(413). 1921; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 133. 1982; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 136. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 225. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 338. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 236. 1990; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 183. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 12, 19; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 227. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 158. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 334. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 179. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 152. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 154. 2002; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 428. 2009.
- Stephegyne parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt. Bot. 161. 1842; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 25. 1880.
- Nauclea parvifolia Roxb., Pl. Corom. t. 52. 1796.
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1442
Information Listing > References
- Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth., Observ. Naucl. Ind. 19. 1839; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 585(413). 1921; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 133. 1982; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 136. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 225. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 338. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 236. 1990; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 183. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 12, 19; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 227. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 158. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 334. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 179. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 152. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 154. 2002; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 428. 2009.
- Stephegyne parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt. Bot. 161. 1842; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 25. 1880.
- Nauclea parvifolia Roxb., Pl. Corom. t. 52. 1796.
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1442
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🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Gentianales |
| Family | Rubiaceae |
| Genus | Mitragyna |
| Species | Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups
