Abstract :
Physiognomic, ecological and phytosociological characteristics of the sintaxa of two types of rain forests on ophiolites in the Alejandro de Humboldt National Park were studied; these are the most developed, extensive, varied, best conserved and typical rain forests of the Cuban archipelago. Some of them reach a height of 45 m with three tree layers. They occur from near sea level to over 900 m and rainfall ranges from 2000 to 3600 mm. Two alliances, four associations and seven subassociations are described for the first time, thereby increasing the park's value as a natural heritage site. Key words. Rain forests, phytosociology, serpentines. Se estudiaron las condiciones fisionomicas, ecologicas y fitosociologicas de las fitocenosis observadas en los dos tipos de pluvisilvas sobre ofiolitas presentes en el Parque Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt; ellas son las mas desarrolladas, extensas, conservadas y tipicas del archipielago cubano. Algunas tienen tres estratos arboreos y alcanzan hasta 45 m de altura. Se presentan desde cerca del nivel del mar hasta los 900 m, con precipitaciones de alrededor de 2000 mm a 3600 mm. Se describen por primera vez dos alianzas, cuatro asociaciones y siete subasociaciones, lo que fortalece los valores del parque como Patrimonio de la Humanidad. Palabras clave. Bosques humedos, fitosociologia, serpentinitas.
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