Flora e Funga do Brasil
Flora e Funga do Brasil
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Name of the colour
Legend
Green
Accepted Name
Gray
Synonym
Purple
Status not indicated
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Hoya erythrina
Rintz
Hoya erythrostemma
Kerr
Hoya excavata
Teijsm. & Binn.
Hoya filiformis
Rech.
Hoya finlaysonii
Wight
Hoya flagellata
Kerr
Hoya flavida
P.I.Forst. & Liddle
Hoya forbesii
King & Gamble
Hoya fungii
Merr.
Hoya glabra
Schltr.
Hoya grandiflora
(R.Br.) Spreng.
Hoya graveolens
Kerr
Hoya griffithii
Hook.f.
Hoya guppyi
Oliv.
Hoya heuschkeliana
Kloppenb.
Hoya hollrungii
Warb.
Hoya hypolasia
Schltr.
Hoya imbricata
Decne.
Hoya imperialis
Lindl.
Hoya incrassata
Warb.
Hoya incurvula
Schltr.
Hoya inflata
(P.I.Forst., Liddle & I.M.Liddle) L. Wanntorp & P.I.Forst.
Hoya ischnopus
Schltr.
Hoya kanyakumariana
A.N.Henry & Swamin.
Hoya kenejiana
Schltr.
Hoya kentiana
C.M.Burton
Hoya kerrii
Craib
Hoya kloppenburgii
T.Green
Hoya krohniana
Kloppenb. & Siar
Hoya lacunosa
Blume
Hoya lambii
T.Green
Hoya lamingtoniae
F.M.Bailey
Hoya lanceolata
Lindl.
Hoya
lanceolata
subsp.
bella
(Hook.) D.H.Kent
Hoya lancilimba
Merr.
Hoya lasiantha
Korth. ex Blume
Hoya latifolia
G.Don
Hoya lauterbachii
K.Schum.
Hoya limoniaca
S.Moore
Hoya linearis
Wall. ex D.Don
Hoya litoralis
Schltr.
Hoya loheri
Kloppenb.
Hoya longifolia
Wall. ex Wight
Hoya macgillivrayi
F.M.Bailey
Hoya magnifica
P.I.Forst. & Liddle
Hoya maingayi
Hook.f.
Hoya maxima
Teijsm. & Binn.
Hoya mcgregorii
Schltr.
Hoya megalantha
Turrill
Hoya megalaster
Warb. ex K.Schum. & Lauterb.
Hoya merrillii
Schltr.
Hoya micrantha
Hook.f.
Hoya mindorensis
Schltr.
Hoya mitrata
Kerr
Hoya montana
Schltr.
Hoya multiflora
Blume
Hoya myrmecopa
Kleijn & Donkelaar
Hoya neoebudica
Guillaumin
Hoya nervosa
Tsiang & P.T.Li
Hoya nicholsoniae
F.Muell.
Hoya nummularioides
Costantin
Hoya obovata
Decne.
Hoya obscura
Elmer ex C.M.Burton
Hoya obtusifolia
Wight
Hoya odetteae
Kloppenb.
Hoya odorata
Schltr.
Hoya onychoides
P.I.Forst., Liddle & I.M.Liddle
Hoya pachyclada
Kerr
Hoya padangensis
Schltr.
Hoya pallilimba
Kleijn & Donkelaar
Hoya panchoi
Kloppenb.
Hoya pandurata
Tsiang
Hoya parasitica
Wall. ex Traill
Hoya parviflora
Wight
Hoya patella
Schltr.
Hoya paziae
Kloppenb.
Hoya perakensis
Ridl.
Hoya philippinensis
P.T.Li
Hoya picta
(Blume) Miq.
Hoya pimenteliana
Kloppenb.
Hoya polyneura
Hook.f.
Hoya pottsii
Traill
Hoya praetorii
Miq.
Hoya pseudolittoralis
C.Norman
Hoya pubicalyx
Merr.
Hoya purpurea
Blume
Hoya pusilla
Rintz
Hoya quinquenervia
Warb.
Hoya rumphii
Blume
Hoya salweenica
Tsiang & P.T.Li
Hoya samoensis
Seem.
Hoya scortechinii
King & Gamble
Hoya serpens
Hook.f.
Hoya shepherdi
Short ex Hooker
Hoya siamica
Craib
Hoya siariae
Kloppenb.
Hoya sigillatis
T.Green
Hoya sipitangensis
Kloppenb. & Wiberg
Hoya spartioides
(Benth.) Kloppenb.
Hoya subcalva
Burkill
Hoya sussuela
Merr.
Hoya telosmoides
Omlor
Hoya thomsonii
Hook.f.
Hoya tjadasmalangensis
Bakh.f.
Hoya tsangii
C.M.Burton
Hoya tsiangiana
P.T.Li
Hoya uncinata
Teijsm. & Binn.
Hoya verticillata
(Vahl) G.Don
Hoya
verticillata
var.
citrina
(Ridl.) Veldkamp
Hoya vitellina
Blume
Hoya vitellinoides
Bakh.f.
Hoya volubilis
Griff.
Hoya wallichii
(Wight) C.M.Burton
Hoya wayetii
Kloppenb.
Hoya waymaniae
Kloppenb.
Hoya wrayi
King & Gamble
Hoya yuennanensis
Hand.-Mazz.
Husnotia
E.Fourn.
is syn het. of
Ditassa
R.Br.
Husnotia rotundifolia
(Decne.) E.Fourn.
has as a syn
Metastelma rotundifolium
Decne.
is syn hom. of
Ditassa rotundifolia
(Decne.) Baill. ex K.Schum.
Hylaea
J.F.Morales
Hylaea leptoloba
(Monach.) J.F.Morales
has as a syn
Prestonia leptoloba
Monach.
Hypolobus
E.Fourn.
Hypolobus infractus
E.Fourn.
Ibatia
Decne.
Ibatia ciliata
E.Fourn.
is syn bas. of
Pseudibatia ciliata
(E.Fourn.) Malme
Ibatia cordata
(Malme) Morillo
has as a syn
Gonolobus cordatus
Malme
has as a syn
Matelea endressiae
Fontella & Goes
Ibatia demuneri
(Goes & Fontella) Morillo
Ibatia diversifolia
E.Fourn.
Ibatia friesii
(Malme) Goyder
is syn hom. of
Matelea friesii
(Malme) Goyder
Ibatia ganglinosa
(Vell.) Morillo
has as a syn
Gonolobus ganglinosus
(Vell.) Decne.
has as a syn
Matelea ganglinosa
(Vell.) Rapini
has as a syn
Cynanchum ganglinosum
Vell.
Ibatia harleyi
(Fontella & Morillo) Morillo
Ibatia laciniata
(E.Fourn.) Morillo
Ibatia lanosa
E.Fourn.
is syn bas. of
Matelea lanosa
(E.Fourn.) Morillo & Fontella
Ibatia maritima
(Jacq.) Decne.
has as a syn
Asclepias maritima
Jacq.
has as a syn
Matelea maritma
(Jacq.) Woodson
Ibatia morilloana
(Fontella) Morillo
has as a syn
Matelea morilloana
Fontella
Ibatia nigra
(Decne.) Morillo
has as a syn
Lachnostoma nigrum
Decne.
has as a syn
Matelea nigra
(Decne.) Morillo & Fontella
Ibatia quinquelobata
E.Fourn.
is syn het. of
Matelea ganglinosa
(Vell.) Rapini
Ibatia santosii
(Fontella & Morillo) Morillo
has as a syn
Matelea santosii
Morillo & Fontella
Ibatia selloana
E.Fourn.
is syn het. of
Matelea lanosa
(E.Fourn.) Morillo & Fontella
Jobinia
E.Fourn.
has as a syn
Cyathostelma
E.Fourn.
Jobinia connivens
(Hook. & Arn.) Malme
has as a syn
Roulinia connivens
(Hook. & Arn.) Decne.
has as a syn
Cynanchum connivens
Hook. & Arn.
has as a syn
Metastelma hernandifolium
Decne.
has as a syn
Jobinia hernandifolia
(Decne.) E.Fourn.
Jobinia fontellana
Liede & Meve
has as a syn
Orthosia hatschbachii
Fontella & Goes
Jobinia furcata
(E.Fourn.) Fontella
is syn het. of
Jobinia lindbergii
E.Fourn.
Jobinia grandis
(Hand.-Mazz.) Fontella & Goes
has as a syn
Jobinia lutziae
Fontella & E.A.Schwarz
has as a syn
Orthosia grandis
Hand.-Mazz.
Jobinia hatschbachii
Fontella & E.A.Schwarz
Jobinia hernandifolia
(Decne.) E.Fourn.
is syn het. of
Jobinia connivens
(Hook. & Arn.) Malme
Jobinia latipes
(Decne) Liede
Jobinia lindbergii
E.Fourn.
has as a syn
Jobinia furcata
(E.Fourn.) Fontella
has as a syn
Cyathostelma furcatum
E.Fourn.
Jobinia longicoronata
Goes & Fontella
Jobinia lutziae
Fontella & E.A.Schwarz
is syn het. of
Jobinia grandis
(Hand.-Mazz.) Fontella & Goes
Jobinia paranaensis
Fontella & Valente
Kasailo
Dennst.
is syn het. of
Ambelania
Aubl.
Kerbera
E.Fourn.
Kerbera eichleri
E.Fourn.
has as a syn
Melinia eichleri
(E.Fourn.) K.Schum.
Kopsia
Blume
Kopsia fruticosa
(Ker Gawl.) A.DC.
has as a syn
Cerbera fruticosa
Ker Gawl.
Lachnea
?
Lachnea rosea
(L.) Rchb.
has as a syn
Vinca rosea
L.
is syn hom. of
Catharanthus roseus
(L.) G.Don
Lachnostoma
Kunth
Lachnostoma nigrum
Decne.
is syn bas. of
Matelea nigra
(Decne.) Morillo & Fontella
is syn bas. of
Ibatia nigra
(Decne.) Morillo
Lacmellea
H.Karst.
has as a syn
Zschokkea
Müll.Arg.
Lacmellea aculeata
(Ducke) Monach.
has as a syn
Zschokkea aculeata
Ducke
Lacmellea aculeata
(Ducke) Monach.
var.
aculeata
Lacmellea
aculeata
var.
inermis
Monach.
Lacmellea arborescens
(Müll.Arg.) Markgr.
has as a syn
Hancornia arborescens
Spruce ex Müll.Arg.
has as a syn
Zschokkea monosperma
Müll.Arg.
has as a syn
Hancornia monosperma
Spruce ex Müll.Arg.
has as a syn
Zschokkea arborescens
Müll.Arg.
Lacmellea arborescens
(Müll.Arg.) Markgr.
var.
arborescens
Lacmellea
arborescens
var.
monosperma
(Müll.Arg.) Markgr.
Lacmellea bahiensis
J.F.Morales
Lacmellea densifoliata
(Ducke) Markgr.
has as a syn
Zschokkea densifoliata
Ducke
Lacmellea floribunda
(Poepp.) Benth. & Hook.f.
has as a syn
Zschokkea floribunda
(Poepp.) Müll.Arg.
has as a syn
Hancornia floribunda
Poepp.
Lacmellea gracilis
(Müll.Arg.) Markgr.
has as a syn
Hancornia gracilis
Spruce ex Müll.Arg.
has as a syn
Zschokkea gracilis
Müll.Arg.
Lacmellea guyanensis
(Müll.Arg.) Monach.
has as a syn
Zschokkea guyanensis
Müll.Arg.
Lacmellea lactescens
(Kuhlm.) Markgr.
has as a syn
Zschokkea lactescens
Kuhlm.
Lacmellea lucida
(Kunth) Miers
is syn hom. of
Molongum lucidum
(Kunth) Zarucchi
Lacmellea microcarpa
(Müll.Arg.) Markgr.
has as a syn
Zschokkea microcarpa
Müll.Arg.
has as a syn
Hancornia microcarpa
Spruce ex Müll.Arg.
Lacmellea oblongata
Markgr.
Lacmellea pauciflora
(Kuhlm.) Markgr.
has as a syn
Zschokkea pauciflora
Kuhlm.
Lacmellea ramosissima
(Müll.Arg.) Markgr.
has as a syn
Zschokkea ramosissima
Müll.Arg.
has as a syn
Hancornia ramosissima
Spruce ex Müll.Arg.
Lacmellea ramosissima
(Müll.Arg.) Markgr.
var.
ramosissima
Lacmellea
ramosissima
var.
hirtella
Monach.
Lagenia
E.Fourn.
Lagenia angustifolia
(Hook. & Arn.) E.Fourn
is syn hom. of
Araujia angustifolia
(Hook. & Arn.) Steud.
Lagenia megapotamica
(Hook. & Arn.) E. Fourn.
is syn hom. of
Araujia megapotamica
(Spreng.) Don
Lagoa
Durand
Lagoa calcarata
(Decne.) Baill.
has as a syn
Metastelma calcaratum
Decne.
is syn hom. of
Petalostelma calcaratum
(Decne.) Fontella
Landolphia
P.Beauv.
is syn of
Pacouria
Aubl.
Landolphia boliviensis
Markgr.
is syn het. of
Pacouria boliviensis
(Markgr.) A.Chev.
Landolphia guianensis
(Aubl.) Pulle
is syn hom. of
Pacouria guianensis
Aubl.
Landolphia paraensis
Huber
is syn het. of
Pacouria paraensis
(Huber) Pichon
Landolphia sapida
Kuhlm.
is syn het. of
Pacouria boliviensis
(Markgr.) A.Chev.
Laseguea
A.DC.
is syn het. of
Mandevilla
Lindl.
Laseguea acutifolia
DC.
is syn het. of
Mandevilla emarginata
(Vell.) C.Ezcurra
Laseguea antennacea
(A.DC.) Miers
is syn hom. of
Mandevilla antennacea
(A.DC.) K.Schum.
Laseguea bicolor
(Miq.) Miers
is syn het. of
Mandevilla scabra
(Hoffmanns. ex Roem. & Schult.) K.Schum.
Laseguea bracteata
(Hook. & Arn.) K.Schum.
is syn het. of
Mandevilla pentlandiana
(A.DC.) Woodson
Laseguea emarginata
(Vell.) A.DC.
is syn hom. of
Mandevilla emarginata
(Vell.) C.Ezcurra
Laseguea erecta
Müll.Arg.
is syn het. of
Mandevilla emarginata
(Vell.) C.Ezcurra
Laseguea glabra
DC.
is syn het. of
Mandevilla emarginata
(Vell.) C.Ezcurra
Laseguea guilleminiana
A.DC.
is syn het. of
Mandevilla emarginata
(Vell.) C.Ezcurra
Laseguea hookeri
(A.DC.) Müll.Arg.
is syn het. of
Mandevilla pentlandiana
(A.DC.) Woodson
Laseguea leptocarpa
(Hook. & Arn.) Miers
is syn hom. of
Forsteronia leptocarpa
(Hook. & Arn.) A.DC.
Laseguea mandonii
Britton ex Rusby
is syn het. of
Mandevilla pentlandiana
(A.DC.) Woodson
Laseguea obliquinervia
DC.
is syn het. of
Mandevilla emarginata
(Vell.) C.Ezcurra
Laseguea pentlandiana
DC.
is syn bas. of
Mandevilla pentlandiana
(A.DC.) Woodson
Laubertia
A.DC.
Laubertia brasiliensis
J.F.Morales
Laubertia laxiflora
Rusby
is syn bas. of
Odontadenia laxiflora
(Rusby) Woodson
is syn bas. of
Codonechites laxiflorus
(Rusby) Pichon
Laxoplumeria
Markgr.
has as a syn
Bisquamaria
Richon
Laxoplumeria baehniana
Monach.
Laxoplumeria macrophylla
(Kuhlm.) Monach.
has as a syn
Bisquamaria macrophylla
(Kuhlm.) Pichon
has as a syn
Tonduzia macrophylla
Kuhlm.
Laxoplumeria tessmannii
Markgr.
Leptopharyngia
(Stapf) Boiteau
is syn het. of
Tabernaemontana
L.
Lhotzkyella
Rauschert
is syn hom. of
Pulvinaria
E.Fourn.
Lhotzkyella lhotzkyana
(E.Fourn.) Rauschert
is syn hom. of
Matelea lhotzkyana
(E.Fourn.) Fontella
Lochnera
Rchb. ex Endl.
is syn het. of
Catharanthus
G.Don
Lochnera rosea
(L.) Rchb.
has as a syn
Vinca rosea
L.
is syn hom. of
Catharanthus roseus
(L.) G.Don
Lochnera rosea
(L.) Rchb. ex Endl.
has as a syn
Vinca rosea
L.
is syn hom. of
Catharanthus roseus
(L.) G.Don
Lochnera
rosea
var.
alba
(G.Don) Hubbard
has as a syn
Catharanthus
roseus
var.
albus
G.Don
is syn het. of
Catharanthus roseus
(L.) G.Don
Lochnera
rosea
var.
flava
Tsiang
is syn het. of
Catharanthus roseus
(L.) G.Don
Lochnera rosea
(L.) Rchb. ex Spach
has as a syn
Vinca rosea
L.
is syn hom. of
Catharanthus roseus
(L.) G.Don
Lochnera
rosea
var.
angusta
Steenis
is syn het. of
Catharanthus roseus
(L.) G.Don
Loniceroides
Bullock
is syn hom. of
Harrisonia
Hook.
is syn het. of
Ruehssia
H.Karst.
Loniceroides harrisonae
Bullock
has as a syn
Harrisonia loniceroides
Hook.
is syn hom. of
Marsdenia loniceroides
(Hook.) E.Fourn.
is syn hom. of
Ruehssia loniceroides
(Hook.) F.Esp.Santo & Rapini
Lorostelma
E.Fourn.
is syn het. of
Stenomeria
Turcz.
Lorostelma struthianthus
E.Fourn.
is syn het. of
Stenomeria decalepis
Turcz.
Macaglia
Rich. ex Vahl
is syn het. of
Aspidosperma
Mart. & Zucc.
Macaglia alba
Vahl
is syn bas. of
Aspidosperma album
(Vahl) Benoist ex Pichon
Macaglia australis
(Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
is syn hom. of
Aspidosperma australe
Müll.Arg.
Macaglia bicolor
(Mart.) Kuntze
is syn het. of
Aspidosperma cuspa
(Kunth) S.F.Blake
Macaglia camporum
(Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
is syn hom. of
Aspidosperma camporum
Müll.Arg.
Macaglia dasycarpa
(A.DC.) Kuntze
is syn het. of
Aspidosperma tomentosum
Mart. & Zucc.
Macaglia decipiens
(Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
is syn hom. of
Aspidosperma cuspa
(Kunth) S.F.Blake
Macaglia desmantha
(Benth. ex Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
is syn hom. of
Aspidosperma desmanthum
Benth. ex Müll.Arg.
Macaglia discolor
(A.DC.) Kuntze
is syn hom. of
Aspidosperma discolor
A.DC.
Macaglia disperma
(Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
is syn hom. of
Aspidosperma dispermum
Müll.Arg.
Macaglia excelsa
(Benth.) Kuntze
is syn hom. of
Aspidosperma excelsum
Benth.
Macaglia gardneri
(Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
is syn het. of
Aspidosperma macrocarpon
Mart. & Zucc.
Macaglia gomeziana
(A.DC.) Kuntze
is syn hom. of
Aspidosperma gomezianum
A.DC.
Macaglia hilariana
(Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
Macaglia lanata
Kuntze
is syn het. of
Aspidosperma macrocarpon
Mart. & Zucc.
is syn het. of
Aspidosperma verbascifolium
Müll.Arg.
Macaglia macrocarpa
(Mart.) Kuntze
is syn hom. of
Aspidosperma macrocarpon
Mart. & Zucc.
Macaglia martii
(Silva Manso) Kuntze
is syn het. of
Aspidosperma pyrifolium
Mart. & Zucc.
Macaglia megalocarpa
(Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
is syn hom. of
Aspidosperma megalocarpon
Müll.Arg.
Macaglia melanocalyx
(Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
Macaglia multiflora
(A.DC.) Kuntze
is syn hom. of
Aspidosperma multiflorum
A.DC.
Macaglia nobilis
(Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
is syn hom. of
Aspidosperma nobile
Müll.Arg.
Macaglia obscura
(Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
is syn het. of
Aspidosperma gomezianum
A.DC.
Macaglia olivacea
(Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
is syn hom. of
Aspidosperma olivaceum
Müll.Arg.
Macaglia platyphylla
(Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
Macaglia pohliana
(Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
is syn het. of
Aspidosperma nobile
Müll.Arg.
Show up to = subsp./var.
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Identification Key
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Taxonomic Hierarchy
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Orthographical Variant
Relevant Synonyms
has as a synonym
Is a synonym
Life Form and Substrate
Life Form
Substrate
Description with controlled fields
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Host
Animal host
Vegetal host and / or Fungi
Origin
Endemism
Distribution
Distribution
Geographic distribution
Confirmed occurrences:
North
Northeast
Central-west
Southeast
South
Possible occurrences:
North
Northeast
Central-west
Southeast
South
Ocean Islands
Confirmed occurrences:
Confirmed Occurrence
Possible occurrences:
Possible Occurrence
Phytogeographic Domains
×
Confirmation
Phytogeographic Domains
Amazon rainforest
Found in northern and central-western Brazil, and comprising a great variety of vegetation forms, of which the flooded and tall “terra firme” lowland forest predominate (Ter Steege et al. 2003). Covers 49.3% of the Brazilian territory, extending well beyond Brazil through to Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guianas (Kress et al. 1998).
Caatinga
Xerophilous thorny forest and scrub of the drylands of northeastern Brazil. Covers 9.9% of the Brazilian territory, exclusively Brazilian (Andrade-Lima 1981).
Cerrado
(lato sensu)
An assemblage of different profiles that occurs within the Cerrado Biome, where forested (Cerradão), savannas (Cerrado stricto sensu) and grasslands (Campo Sujo) share a xeromorphic flora. Amongst the more frequent plant families are Asteraceae, Leguminosae, Malpighiaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae e Vochysiaceae.
Central Brazilian Savanna
Predominantly a grassland with woody elements and comprising a diverse mosaic of vegetations known as campos rupestres (Giulietti and Pirani 1988). Covers 23.9% of the Brazilian territory, with marginal continuous extensions in northeastern Paraguay and Bolivia (Ab’Sáber 1983, Mendonça et al. 2008).
Atlantic Rainforest
A narrow strip of forest from sea level to the eastern highlands of Brazil, becoming broader toward the south. Covers 13% of the Brazilian territory, and 95% of it occurs within Brazil (Stehmann et al. 2009).
Pampa
Grasslands from southern Brazil. Covers 2.1% of the Brazilian territory, found also in Argentina, Uruguay, and eastern Paraguay (Boldrini 2009).
Pantanal
Periodically flooded grasslands by the rivers Paraná and Paraguay in central-western Brazil. Covers 1.8% of the Brazilian territory, continuing into Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina (Pott and Pott 1997).
Vegetation Type
×
Confirmation
Vegetation Types
Anthropic area
Areas where the original vegetation was disturbed or destroyed and bears little or no resemblance to its initial plant coverage, including plantations, pastures (active or abandoned) and urban areas.
Caatinga (stricto sensu)
Xerophitic type of savanna occurring within the semi-arid climate region of Northeastern Brazil. Is a type of sparse vegetation that covers massifs and plateaus where rivers are mostly seasonal. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Leguminosae, Asteraceae, Cactaceae Euphorbiaceae and Malpighiaceae.
Campinarana
Low, sparse vegetation growing on sandy soils mostly within terra firme land in the Amazon. It can be of the ‘forested’ type, similar to a gallery forest, ‘wooded’ where the trees are shorter, and finally ‘grassy-woody’, where it occurs in wet plains near rivers and lakes. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Arecaceae, Bromeliaceae, Clusiaceae, Humiriaceae, Marantaceae, Meliaceae and Rapateaceae.
High Altitude Grassland
Open fields found at the highest altitudes of the Serra do Mar, Mantiqueira and Serra Geral, mostly above 900m. The substrate is frequently igneous or metamorphic (granite/gnaisse) rock, and this vegetation type is associated to the Mata Atlântica. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Melastomataceae, Orchidaceae and Poaceae.
Várzea Field
Open vegetation where a continuous carpet of tall grasses and sedges that grows in temporarily flooded areas near rivers and lakes. It is generally associated to Várzea Inundated Forests. The more frequent plant families are the Poaceae and Cyperaceae.
Grassland
Open vegetation where there is a generally continuous carpet of grasses and subshrubby dicots while trees and robust shrubs are almost absent, found within the Cerrado and Pampa Biomes. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae and Leguminosae.
Rocky Field
Altitude open fields found mostly above 900 m de altitude on quartzitic, arenitic or iron and manganese rich rocky soils. It is mostly associated to the Cerrado and Caatinga Biomes. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Asteraceae, Eriocaulaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Melastomataceae, Orchidaceae, Velloziaceae and Xyridaceae.
Carrasco Vegetation
Dense, tall xerophilous scrub with many lianas and discontinuous canopy, emergent trees sparse. Within the Caatinga Biome it occurs over deep, distrophic quartzitic sands while in the Cerrado it grows on litossoils. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Leguminosae, Apocynaceae, Combretaceae, Solanaceae.
Cerrado (lato sensu)
An assemblage of different profiles that occurs within the Cerrado Biome, where forested (Cerradão), savannas (Cerrado stricto sensu) and grasslands (Campo Sujo) share a xeromorphic flora. Amongst the more frequent plant families are Asteraceae, Leguminosae, Malpighiaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae e Vochysiaceae.
Riverine Forest and/or Gallery Forest
Forest associated to intermittent water courses, which can be wide (riverine) or narrower and with the canopy meeting over the river (gallery). More often associated to the Cerrado and Caatinga Biomes, is found throughout Brazil under various names. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Leguminosae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Clusiaceae and Rubiaceae.
Inundated Forest, Igapó
Amazonian forest where the soil remains either wet or flooded for most of the year, often associated to sandy soils. When compared to Terra Firme and Várzea Inundated Forests it is generally the less tall of them.
Terra Firme Forest
Dense and tall Amazonian forest growing above the river valleys, in higher ground that does not get flooded by the rivers. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Leguminosae, Lecythidaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Sapotaceae and Burseraceae.
Inundated Forest, Várzea
Amazonian forest subject to periodical inundation during the floods, mostly associated to clay soil. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Arecaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae and Polygonaceae.
Seasonally Deciduous Forest
Forest where marked alternate dry and wet seasons determine the almost complete (90%) loss of leaves, occurring mostly on higher ground between river valleys. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae and Sapindaceae.
Seasonal Evergreen Forest
Found at the southern border of the Amazon (Alto Xingu region) this forest occurs on latossoils and is markedly seasonal, with a dry season varying from four to six months. Despite this seasonality, the plant species maintain their leaves as water is constantly avaible, due to the almost flat topography. Its floristic composition is exclusive and dissimilar to the surrounding forests (Ombrophylous Forest and Seasonally Deciduous and Semideciduous Forest).
Seasonally Semideciduous Forest
Forest where marked alternate dry and wet seasons determine partial (10–50%) loss of leaves, occurring mostly on higher ground between river valleys. Leguminosae is one of the most frequent families.
Ombrophylous Forest (=Tropical Rain Forest)
Forest ocurring in regions with high rainfall and average temperatures, with tall trees and palms. Generally tall, it can be subdivided in categories depending on the altitude where it is sited into ‘lowland’, ‘submontane’ and ‘montane’. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Leguminosae, Arecaceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Bromeliaceae, Araceae and Orchidaceae.
Mixed Ombrophylous Forest
Pluvial, tall forest characterized by the presence of Araucaria pines growing together with dicot trees and palms. Depending on topography, it can be subdivided into ‘submontane’ and ‘montane’. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae and Euphorbiaceae.
Mangrove
Tidal, low growing mixture of perennial trees and shrubs comprising a low number of species that are able to live in sea and brackish water, in river estuaries and deltas stretching from Santa Catarina northwards up to the coast of Amapá and beyond. The important families are Rhizophoraceae, Acanthaceae, Combretaceae and Pteridaceae.
Palm vegetation
Dominated by a single species of palm with low frequency of trees, this vegetation type is associated to ecotones between Amazon, Caatinga and Cerrado Biomes. The genus that often form these pure stands are Attalea, Copernicia, Euterpe, Mauritia and Orbignya.
Restinga
Vegetation complex ocurring in the seaside lowlands of Brazil, establishing over sea deposits of sandy sediment. It comprises open or scrubby profiles nearer the beaches, while inland it is forms tall forests. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Arecaceae, Lauraceae, Myrsinaceae, Myrtaceae, Bromeliaceae, and Rubiaceae.
Amazonian Savanna
Open vegetation found within the Amazon Biome, both in well drained and waterlogged, generally sandy soils, including a mixture of shrubby savanna and open grassland. It presents similarities with the Cerrado lato sensu, but its flora is poorer. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Vochysiaceae, Leguminosae, Malpighiaceae, and Rubiaceae.
Aquatic vegetation
Found both in lotic and lentic environments, this vegetation includes floating plants, rooted plants with floating leaves and plants with submerged leaves. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Araceae, Cyperaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Pontederiaceae, Alismataceae and Poaceae.
Rocky outcrops vegetation
Inselbergs or rock outcrops surrounded by vegetation with contrasting profile and characteristics. Amongst the more frequent plant families are the Araceae, Bromeliaceae, Cactaceae, Orchidaceae, and Malvaceae.
References
:
ANDRADE-LIMA, D. The caatingas dominium.
Revista Brasileira de Botânica
, v.4, n.2, p.149-163, 1981.
ARAÚJO, F.S.; MARTINS, F.R. Fisionomia and organização da vegetação do Carrasco no Planalto da Ibiapaba, Estado do Ceará.
Acta Botanica Brasilica
. v.13, n.1., p.1-13, 1999.
EITEN, G.
Classificação da vegetação do Brasil
. Brasília: CNPq, 1983. 305p. il.
FERNANDES, A.; BEZERRA, P.
Estudo fitogeográfico do Brasil. Fortaleza
: Stylus Comunicações, 1990. 205p.
GLOSSÁRIO de ecologia. 2ed. [s.l.]: ACIESP/CNPq/FINEP/ FA-PESP, 1997. 351p. (ACIESP, 103).
POREMBSKI, S. Tropical inselbergs: habitat types, adaptive strategies and diversity patterns. Revista Brasileira de Botânica. v. 30, n.4, p.579–586, 2007.
RIBEIRO, J. F.; WALTER, B.M.T. As principais fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado In: SANO, S. M.; ALMEIDA, S.P.; RIBEIRO, J.F. (Ed.)
Cerrado
: ecologia and flora. Brasília, DF: Embrapa Cerrados/Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, 2008, v.1, p. 151-212.
RIZZINI, C.T.
Tratado de fitogeografia do Brasil
: aspectos ecológicos, sociológicos and florísticos. Rio de Janeiro. Âmbito Cultural Edições Ltda., 1997. 2.ed., 747p. (Revisado por Cecília M. Rizzini).
VASCONCELOS, M.F. O que são campos rupestres and campos de altitude nos topos de montanha do leste do Brasil?
Revista Brasileira de Botânica
. v.34, n.2, p.241-246, 2011.
VELOSO, H.P. Sistema fitogeográfico. In: IBGE.
Manual técnico da vegetação brasileira
. Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia and Estatística, 1992. p.9-38. (Manuais Técnicos em Geociências, n.1).
SAMPAIO, D.; SOUZA, V.C.; OLIVEIRA, A.A.; PAULA-SOUZA, J.; RODRIGUES, R.R. Árvores da restinga: guia ilustrado para identificação das espécies da Ilha do Cardoso. São Paulo: Editora Neotrópica, 2005.
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Status CNC Flora
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