An annotated checklist of Dicotyledonus Angiosperms in Darjeeling Himalayas and foothills, West Bengal, India

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1 Journal on New Biological Reports JNBR 9(2) (2020) ISSN (Online) Published by An annotated checklist of Dicotyledonus Angiosperms in Darjeeling Himalayas and foothills, West Bengal, India Jayanta Kumar Mallick Wildlife Wing, Forest Department, Govt. of West Bengal (Retd.), India Corresponding author: Received: 1 July 2019 Accepted: 9 May 2020 How to cite: Mallick J K An annotated checklist of Dicotyledonus Angiosperms in Darjeeling Himalayas and foothills, West Bengal, India. J New Biol Rep 9(2): ABSTRACT The flora of Darjeeling Himalayas and foothills is dominated by dicotyledonous Angiosperms. The present checklist enumerates more than 2,350 species and varieties under 866 genera and 138 families. Specieswise 15 dominant families are Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Ericaceae, Urticaceae, Ranunculaceaea, Scrophulariaceae, Primulaceae, Malvaceae, Lauraceae, Lamiaceae, Vitaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Acanthaceae. 15 families having generic abundance are Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, Apocynaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Urticaceae, Acanthaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rutaceaae, Apiaceae and Ranunculaceaea. Majority of the families have only a few genera and few species among them are gregarious. Middle hills have the highest generic and specific diversity followed by those in the upper hills and lower hills. This region is also the abode of many endemic and exotic elements. A good number of species have become rare, threatened or endangered due to anthropogenic factors. Key words: Species diversity, taxonomy, life forms, status, threats, conservation. INTRODUCTION Darjeeling Himalayas and foothills provide a mosaic of diverse landscapes that harbour and sustain rich dicotyledonous angiosperms, which is exceptionally different from the rest of West Bengal plains. An effort has been made here to highlight this wide range of common, less common, rare as well as the recently discovered species of trees, shrubs and herbs occurring in the Darjeeling Himalayas and foothills of Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area The study area (Figure 1) is located along the mountain ranges of Singalila, Donkhya or Darjeeling-Kurseong and Chola including the foothills (terai) of the eastern Himalayas in two districts- Darjeeling [Geographical area:2,092.5km 2 ( N, E); Forest area: km 2 ] and Kalimpong [Geographical area:1,053.60km 2 ( N, E); Forest area: km 2 ]. Darjeeling district comprises of three forest divisions- 1. Darjeeling: km 2 (fragmented), 2. Kurseong: km 2 (fragmented), 3. Wildlife I: km 2 [(i) Singalila National Park:78.60km², altitude 2,200-3,636msl ( N, E), (ii) Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary [38.88km², msl (26 56 N N, E E)], (iii) Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary [158.04km², msl ( N,

2 E)], Jorepokhri Wildlife Sanctuary [0.04km², 2300 msl ( , )] and Kalimpong has two forest divisions- Kalimpong: km² (fragmented), Wildlife II: Neora Valley National Park [ km², 500-3,150msl ( N, E)] Forest type groups 1. Group 1B: NORTHERN TROPICAL WET EVERGEREEN FORESTS (Plains up to 150m. altitude) Sites: Bagdogra range of Kurseong division Species: Sal, Nageshwar, Jam, Kainjal, Lator, Malagiri, Lali 2. Group 2B: NORTHERN SUB-TROPICAL SEMI-EVERGEREEN FORESTS Sites: Sumbong, Peshok Species: Champ, Panisaj, Gokul, Angare 3. Group 3C: NORTH INDIA MOIST DECIDUOUS FORESTS Sites: Terai areas. Species: Sub-montane belt consisting of Sal with Champ, Chilauni, Chikrassi, Gamar, Lali, Lasune, Panisaj, Paccasaj interspersed with riverian forests of Khair, Sissco, Simul, Toon etc. representing succession from riverian to climax sal. 4. Group 8B: NORTHERN SUB-TROPICAL BROAD-LEAVED WET HILL FORESTSHills (300m-1,650m altitude). Sites: Sim, Upper Sumbong, Upper Reyong, Majua, Lower Babukhola, Mirik, Paglajhora, Kuhu, and Latpanchar Species: The species commonly found are Mowa, Chilauni, Katus, Panisaj, Lampate, Phaleado, Saur, Tarsing, Angare, Melo, Kapasi, Utis, Toon and Malagiri along with Kutmero, Jhingni, Lek Chilauni, Malata, Thali, Kawala etc. Climbers and epiphytes are common here. 5. Group 11B : NORTHERN MONTANE WET TEMPERATURE FORESTS (Hills 1,650m- 3,000m. altitude) Sites: Selimbong, Kankibong, Little Rangit, Lopchu, Mahaldiram, Chattakpur, Dhobijhora, Upper Babukhola, Phuguri, Paglajhora, and Lower Bbukhola forests blocks. Species: Kawla, Lkhar, Pipli, Oaks (buk & phalat), Rani Champ, Abies densa, Tsuga brunoniana, Acer spp. The principal species found here are Pipli (Bucklandia populnea), Utis, Saur, Katus, Kapasi, Arkula, Mowa, Khankpa, Sinkoli, Buk, Phalant, Champ, Kawla, Malta, Magnolia, Latasaea and Machilius spp. along with Jhigni, Chiwri, Araliaceous, spp. Ilex spp., Thali and Kharane, The ground flora includes Kimbu, Kagate, Asare, Thotne, Chuletro, Maling, Lycopodium, Basak and Chirata. 6. Group 12C: EAST HIMALAYAN MOIST TEMPERATURE FORESTS (Hills 1,500m- 1,800m). Sites: Rimbik Species: The species commonly found are Mowa, Chilauni, Katus, Panisaj, Lampate, Phaleado, Saur, Tarsing, Angare, Melo, Kapasi, Utis, Toon and Malagiri along with Kutmero, Jhingni, Lek Chilauni, Malata, Thali, Kawala etc. Climbers and epiphytes are common here. 7. Group 14C : SUB-ALPINE FORESTS (Hills 3,000m-3,660m) Sites: Sandakapu, Sabarkum, Phalut Species: Important spp. are Putli, Lekh Kapasi, Lekh Pipli, Kapasi, Arupate, Sindure Katus (Castanopsis spp.), Birch (Betula utilis), Rhododendrons, Salix, Berberies. Fig.1. Map of study areas. Map of Darjeeling district (left) and Kalimpong district (right). 95

3 Data collection The primary data were collected through field observations. The secondary data were collected from published and unpublished documents like Working and Management plans, books, reports, research papers and articles. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Due to a wide range of altitudinal variation- 130 (Siliguri) - <3,660 msl at Sandakphu Phalut (average 2,134 msl) with a sharp physiographic contrast between the plains and the mountainous regions and the climatic zones ranging from tropical (terai) to subalpine (above 3,000 msl, often remaining snow covered for 1-4 months) within a distance of about 75 km between the foothills and the upland ridges and deep valleys, the study area represents an unique ecosystem, where a great variety of habitats, changing vertically from tropical to sub-tropical through temperate and sub-alpine forests, has resulted in highest floral assemblage with respect to number of species and diversity level in the State, indicating a positive correlation between floral richness and extent-cum-quality of the forest cover, depending on the scale of anthropogenic impacts. Whereas Kandel et al. (2019) have recorded 3,860 species, 1175 genera and 179 families of dicots in Kangchenjunga Landscape, Eastern Himalayas, the present checklist records more than 2,350 species and varieties under 866 genera and 138 families (arranged alphabetically in Table 1) from Darjeeling Himalayas and foothills. Specieswise 15 dominant families are Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Ericaceae, Urticaceae, Ranunculaceaea, Scrophulariaceae, Primulaceae, Malvaceae, Lauraceae, Lamiaceae, Vitaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Acanthaceae. 15 families having generic abundance are Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, Apocynaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Urticaceae, Acanthaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rutaceaae, Apiaceae and Ranunculaceaea. Majority of the families have only a few genera and few species among them are gregarious. Middle hills have the highest generic and specific diversity followed by those in the upper hills and lower hills. This region is also the abode of many endemic (Darjeeling itself or Eastern Himalayas) and exotic elements. A good number of species have become rare, threatened or endangered due to anthropogenic factors. Bhujel (1996) has recorded 1877 species (including varities) of dicotyledonous Angiosperms under 159 families (old taxonomy) and 772 genera (excluding the species restricted to cultural conditions. Comparataively, Das (2004) found 404 endemic dicots in the Darjeeling Hills. Chaudhuri (2007) estimated 1,820 dicot species (trees 540, herb 743, shrub 321, climbing shrub 105 and large climbers 111) in the area, whereas Das et al. (2008) recorded 1900 dicots. 96 Literature survey Historically, documentations on the floral assemblage in Darjeeling are available since mid-nineteenth century, particularly after infrastructural developments in 1840, construction of a sanatorium, introduction of tea cultivation and creation of Lloyd Botanic Garden (1878), responsible for introduction and acclimatization of a large number of exotic plants (Sen 1962). Though Buchanan-Hamilton (1820) Roxburgh ( , 1832), Wallich ( ), D. Don (1821, 1825) and Griffith (1848) had referred to the Darjeeling Himalaya, the first specific scientific publication was a note on Tonglu flora by J.D. Hooker (1849) followed by his further contributions during , among others. The literature was also enriched by C.B. Clarke on Tonglu and Sandakphu (1876, 1885), J.S. Gamble (1875, 1878), King and Pantling (1898), A.M. and J.M. Cowan (1929), and after independence by Hara (1966, 1971), Hara et al. (1978, 1979, 1982), Ohasi (1975), Bhujel (1984, 1996), Bhujel and Das (1996, 2002), Biswas and Chopra (1956), Shebbeare (1957), Biswas (1966), Chaudhuri (1960, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1992, 1993), Sharma and Ghosh (1970), Pradhan and Rai ( ), Das (1984, 1986, 1987, 1995, 2004), Das et al. (1985), Das and Chanda (1986, 1987, 1990), Das and Lama (1992), Das (1995, 1998), Das and Panda (1997) Grierson & Long (1983, 1984, 1987, 1991, 1999), Hara (1966, 1971), Hara et al. (1978, 1979, 1982), Maiti and Guhabakshi (1981), Matthew (1981), Noltie (1994, 2000), Samanta (1998), Samanta and Das (1995), Yonzon (1976), Yonzone et al. (1970) among others. Maximum works have been done during the 21 st century (see references). Botanical Survey of India also initiated the floristic explorations in Darjeeling since An exclusive account of this wealth is still scarce because of the dense canopy, thick undergrowth and inaccessible terrain. Parts of some ecological niches like Neora Valley, the last virgin wilderness in the State and a shortlisted World Heritage Site (May 2009), Singalila and even Mahananda were either poorly explored or completely unexplored. Thus many inconspicuous species are unrecorded or escaped the short-term scientific explorations and some are poorly known. An exhaustive account of the endemic, rare, endangered and threatened taxa of conservation importance is also missing. Species diversity The present study aims at preparing a checklist of dicot angiosperms in the Darjeeling hills and terai areas (Table 1) on the basis of latest compilation (Ghosh & Mallick 2014, Mallick 2015) with updated nomenclature and taxonomy including the unresolved (due to lack of information, or because of disputes among the taxonomists) species, as per the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification III (2009) and global checklist jointly prepared by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden [The Plant List. Version 1.1. Available

4 online: (accessed in June 2019)] with pictorial illustrations. However, many taxa have been merged with other taxa, altered or changed to new taxonomic status. Life Forms of Plants It was observed that herbaceous plants are present in higher proportion, almost double than the shrubs, trees and climbers. Representation of epiphytes is remarkable; parasite and hydrophytes have a low representation but show their distinction; while lowest representation is given by saprophytes. Exotics and Endemics According to Bhujel (1996), 607 dicot species are truely Himalayan. Among the major representations 518 species are Sino-Himalayan and 302 species are South East Asian and Malaysian. However, the dicot flora harbours the Indian (119 spp.), Central Asiatic (II), Eurasian (27), Afro-Asiatic (69), American (57), Australian (86) and Japanese (149) elements including the exotic species. There are 33 plants of cosmopolitan and 48 plants of pantropic distributions. These exotic plants are from diffcrcnt countries such as N. America, China, Japan, Australia, Africa, Mexico, W. Indies and S. America. 29 species are endemic to Darjeeling, 29 to Darjeeling-Sikkim and 144 to Eastern Himalayas alone. Threatened species Bhujel (1996) has estimated that about 400 species are threatened. The availability of most of these plants including endemics is extremely poor. Moreover, alarmingly, some plants reported during late 18 th and early 19 th centuries could not be traced nowadays and are probably extinct in the wild due to climate change and/or severe anthropogenic threats, to cite a few- Gloriosa superba, Pimpinella tongloensis, Swertia chirayita, etc. Endangered species Benthamidia capitata (syn. of Cornus capitata), Boehmeria rugulosa, Canarium strictum, Cinnamomum tenuipile, Cotoneaster sandakphuensis (Unresolved), Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Syn. of E. serratus), Ficus racemosa, Juglans regia, Lindera haniiltonii (Unresolved), Macaranga gamblei, Magnolia globosa, M. pterocarpa, Mesua ferrea, M. floribunda (Unresolved), Olea dioica, Premna interrupta, Quercus acutissima, Q. rubella (not in KEW list), Rhododendron decipiens, R. campylocarpum, R. thomsonii, R. maddenii, R. triflorum, R. anthopogon, R. vaccinioides, Sapindus mukorossi, Sorbus microphylla, Symplocos pyrifolia, etc. Conservation Value More than 700 wild dicots are found to be of economic value that are used as medicine, timber, household purposes or possess edible or ornamental plant parts. 97 Conservation threats In Darjeeling, km 2 forests are now degraded and 0.4 km 2 encroached. The total loss assessed is km 2 during , maximum in the Temperate broad leaved forests km 2, followed by tree clad area km 2, Mixed moist deciduous forests km 2 and in bamboo forests km 2. Thus, the vegetation scenario has been changing very fast during the last four decades, which needs to be highlighted at both generic and species (number and diversity) level. Human interference has adversely effected the natural habitat conditions of plants and animals in the Himalayas, while in many areas natural forest vegetation has been turned to monoculture plantation forests. Formation of colonies for human settlements and clear felling for forest villages, has also been exercised. Several places, suitable for plants and animals habitat has also been destroyed in the process and the whole corpus of knowledge and informations on ecology and natural history lost. Some of the forest areas have been clearfelled and developed to monoculture forest. The planted trees have, of course, become economically important. But as far as the hilly terrains are concerned, some tree species like, Cryptomeria japonica, Tectona grandis, Shorea robusm in particular and others in general have ecologically become harmful to the soil and for diat matter, to die namral undergrowuis. Planted forests are always characterised by die absence of herbs, shrubs or climbers. This is especially so because in contrast to the natural forests die planted forest trees leave enough gap at dieir height letting die monsoon rain droplets directly hit the ground soil and wash away die soil parts disturbedthereby. As a result, a hard soil surface develops and in the process, prohibits any future seeds to germinate, in case of Cryptomeria japonica and Pinus spp. secretion of allelopadiic acid (Basu 1986) from dieir roots which are hamiftil to soil and ground vegetation, have been reported. In diis manner the planted forest have their own ecological desert under them. Tliis kind of forest, 1 feel, should not be encouraged in the mountaineous regions, but may radier be restricted to cultivated lands under farm forestry programmes. In situ and ex situ conservation Stringent in situ and ex situ conservation measures are essential to save the critically endangered, endangered, rare and threatened species. There are three in situ gene pool conservation sites in the study area- Kankibong (5 ha), Mal-13 near Bhutabari (7.5 ha) and 10 Mile, Sevok Road (6 ha) of state forest department. The only state ex situ conservation centre in the study area is Lloyd Botanic Garden, having 110 species. Four propagation centres are also located here- Sonada (85 species), Sukna (129), Lava (50) and Gorubathan (76). The medicinal plants conservation areas (MPCAs) are Tonglu (250 ha), Relling- Salimbong (250 ha) and Sevok (100 ha). Seed Banks and Nurseries also help in conservation of the

5 vulnerable species. Medicinal plans are also cultured at Takdah Research Station, Silviculture (Hills). This station works for improving the growing stock of hill forests by clonal propagation, etc. Table 1: Annotated Checklist of dicotyledons in Darjeeling and Kalimpong Districts AH= Annual herb, AC= Annual climber, GC= Geophytic climber, GH= Geophytic herb, PC= Perennial climber, PH= Perennial herb, PS= Perennial shrub, Root parasite, SC= Shrubby climber, SS= Suffrutescent shrub, US= Undershrub, etc. 1. ACANTHACEAE Durande, Notions Elém. Bot , nom. cons.; Juss., Gen. Pl Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Acanthus Family). Genus: 18; Species: Acanthus L A. carduaceus Griff. Itin. Pl. Khasyah Mts. 144, No ; Posth. Papers, 2; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: ; T. Anders. Journ. Linn. Soc. 9: ; Clarke Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: ; Sikdar & Maiti Oongar. SH. Endemic to E. Himalaya. Least concern A. ilicifolius Sp. Pl. 2: Holly-leaved acanthus; Hergoza. PS. Least Concern. 1.2 Andrographis Wall. ex Nees A. paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: Justicia paniculata N. L. Burman, Fl. Indica, Creat or green chireta. AH. Sparse. 1.3 Asystasia Blume A. macrocarpa Nees in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 3: ; in DC. J. Prodr ; T. Anders, Journ. Linn. Soc Mackaya macrocarpa (Nees) Das, Fl. Assam 3: ; Ruellia macrocarpa, Wall. Cat US. Endemic, less common. 1.4 Barleria L. (1753) B. lupulina Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t ; Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4: Bishalyakarani or Vishalyakarani. PS B. strigosa Willd., Sp. Pl. ed. 4, 3: ; Clarke in Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: ; Shendage & Yadav Blue Barleria. Subshrub. 1.5 Clarkeasia J. R. I. Wood C. parviflora (T. Anderson) J.R.I. Wood, Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: Echinacanthus parviflorus T. Anders., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9: PH. Frequent. 1.6 Dicliptera Juss D. bupleuroides Nees, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: in DC., Prodr. 11: Roxburgh's Foldwing. Herb D. chinensis (L.) Juss., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: Diapedium chinensis (Juss.) K.D. Koenig, Ann. Bot. (König & Sims) 2: ; Justicia chinensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: Chinese foldwing. AH. Common. 1.7 Eranthemum L E. indicum (Nees) C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: (Unresolved). Mackaya indica (Nees) Esermu, Kew Bull. 47(4): ; Odontonemella indica (Nees) Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: ; Pseuderanthemum indicum (Nees) 98 A. N. & S. M. Cowan, Trees N. Beng ; Thyrsacanthus indicus Nees, Prodr. [DC.] 11: Chongte-kup, Seto Chuwa. PH. Less common E. pulchellum Andrews, Bot. Repos. 2: t Eranthemum pulchellum (Roxb.) Roxb., Hort. Bengal ; Pseuderanthemum pulchellum (Andrews) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: ; Upudalia pulchella (Andrews) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: Indian Blue Sage, Ban Tulsi. Shrub. Less common E. splendens (T. Anderson) Hort. Ex Siebert et Voss in Vilmorin, Blumengartn. Ed. 3. 1: ; Bremek. & Nann.-Bremek. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect (1): ; Yamazaki in Fl. E. Him. 2: Daedalacanthus splendens T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: Arklejhar, Mongrhyeng. Shrub. 1.8 Hygrophila R.Br H. auriculata (Schumach.) Heine, Kew Bull. 16: Asteracantha auriculata Nees, Prodr. 11: ; Barleria auriculata Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl Marsh Barbel; Tal makhana, Makhana, Kanta Kalika, Kuliakhara, Kule khara. AH. Less common H. phlomoides Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: (Unresolved). Ruellia phlomoides Wall., Numer. List AH. Common H. polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: Adenosma polysperma (Roxb.) Sprengel; Hemiadelphis polysperma (Roxburgh) Nees, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: ; Justicia polysperma Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 1: Dwarf Hygro, East Indian hygrophila, Miramar weed. AH. Common H. schulli (Buch.-Ham.) M.R.Almeida & S.M. Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83(Suppl.): Long leaved barleria, Marsh Barbel; Kulekhara. Subshrub. Common. 1.9 Hypoestes Sol. ex R.Br H. triflora (Forsskål) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 1: Justicia triflora Forsskål, Fl. Aegypt.- Arab Sim kuro. AH. Abundant Justicia L J. adhatoda L. Sp. Pl. 1: Adhatoda vasica Nees, Plantae Asiaticae Rariores 3: (Unresolved); A. zeylanica Medik., Hist. et Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. et Elegant. Lit. Theod.- Palat. 6: ; Ecbolium adhatoda (L.) Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: Malabar nut, Asuru, Basak, Tham chyor. PS. Sparse J. gendarussa N.L. Burman, Fl. Indica Gendarussa vulgaris Nees. Dianthera subserrata Blanco, Dicliptera rheedii Kostel, Ecbolium gendarussa (Burm. fil.) Kuntze, Ecbolium subserratum (Blanco) Kuntze, Gendarussa vulgaris Nees, Justicia dahona Buch.-Ham. ex Wall, Justicia salicina Vahl ex Nees. Willow-Leaf Justicia, Asian Water-willow. Shrub J. procumbens L., Sp. pl. 1: ; Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: (Unresolved).

6 Ecbolium procumbens (L.) Kuntze, Revisio Generum Plantarum ; J. procumbens Blume, Bijdr ; J. procumbens Thiéb.-Bern. ex Nees, Prodr. 11: ; Rostellaria procumbens Nees in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: ; Rostellularia procumbens (L.) Nees, Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 11: Water willow; Bisaune jhar, Aangdyan jhar, Ghyurupuju. AH. Less common Lepidagathis Willd L. incurva Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal (Unresolved). Curved Lepidagathis; Bankuro, Seto phuli. PH. Common L. semiherbacea Nees, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: (Unresolved). Lepidagathis hyalina var. semiherbacea (Nees) C.B. clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 4: 521 (1884); Lepidagathis incurva, D. Don. var. semiherbacea, C. B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India, 4: 521. PS Peristrophe Nees, P. speciosa (Roxburgh) Nees, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: (Unresolved). Justicia speciosa Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich) 1: ; Strepsiphus speciosus Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: Violet mint. Shrub Phaulopsis Willd P. imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. Ed. 1: Antheilema imbricata Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: ; A. imbricatum (Forssk.) Spreng., Syst. Veg ; A. imbricatum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl ; Ruellia imbricata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.- Arab Himalayan Ruellia. PH Phlogacanthus Nees, P. pubinervius T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9: (Unresolved). Chongkek. Shrub. Less common P. thyrsiformis (Roxb. ex Hardw.) D.J. Mabberley, Taxon 29: (Unresolved). Justicia thyrsiformis Hardw. Himalayan Ruellia; Chuba, Chuwa, choa, chuwa phul, Rheeom, Shechin, Sua, Sumcher. Shrub. Abundant Ruellia L R. tuberosa L., Sp. Pl. 2: Minnie Root, Fever Root, Snapdragon Root, Sheep Potato; Bahumool. PH Rungia Nees R. pectinata (L.) Nees in A. Candolle, Prodr. 11: Justicia pectinata L., Amoen. Acad. 4: ; Rungia parviflora Nees ssp. pectinata (L.) L.H. Cramer; R. parviflora var. pectinata (L.) C.B. Clarke in Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 4: ; R. pectinata var. clarkeana Handel-Mazzetti. Comb Rungia. AH. Abundant Strobilanthes Blume S. capitata Nees in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 3: ; T. Anderson, Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: (Unresolved). Goldfussia capitata Nees in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 3: et in DC. Prodr. 11: ; Strobilanthes capitatus T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: Ankhle. US. Common S. divaricata (Nees) T. Anderson, J. Linn. S. B. 9: (Unresolved). Acanthopale divaricata (Wall.) C.B. Clarke in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): ; Diflugossa divaricata (Nees) Bremek., Verh. Ned. Akad. Wetens. Sect. 2, 41(1): ; Goldfussia divaricata, Nees in Wall, Pl. As. Bar , in DC. Prodr ; Ruellia divaricata Wall. in Wall. Cat. 71. n Ankhle. US. Common S. helicta T. Anders., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: (Unresolved). Ankla; Khantagmusee. Shrub S. himalayana J.R.I. Wood. Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: (Unresolved). PH S. inflata T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: (Unresolved). Pteracanthus inflatus (T. Anderson) Bremek. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 41(1): Herb S. oligocephala T. Anderson ex C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 4: (Unresolved). Goldfussia oligocephala (T. Anderson ex C.B. Clarke) Bremek. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 41(1): ; Strobilanthes oligocephala var. treutleri C.B. Clarke. Subshrub S. pentstemonoides (Nees) T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: (Unresolved). Goldfussia penstemonoides Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: ["pentastemonoides"]. Herb S. rosea Nees, Pl. Asiat. Rar. (Wall.) 3: (Unresolved). US. Less common S. thomsonii T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: (Unresolved). US. Less common S. urophylla Nees in A. Candolle, Prodr. 11: ; C.B. Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4: ; J.R.L. Wood in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: Dipteracanthus urophyllus Nees in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: Strobilanthes urophylla Nees var. sikkimensis C.B. Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4: Pteracanthus urophyllus (Nees) Bremek. in Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Tweede Sect. 41 (1): US S. wallichii Nees in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: ; in DC., Prodr. 11: ; Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: Deep blue curved bells, Kashmir Acanthus, Hardy Persian Shield, Wild Petunia, Kandali. Ankhle. US. Common Thunbergia Retz T. alata Bojer ex Sims, Bot. Mag. 52: t Endomelas alata (Bojer ex Sims) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: Mullata, Chongtafibrik, Kag chuchche. SC. Common T. clarkei T.Yamaz., J. Jap. Bot. 46: 52, f. 4 & 5, D (Unresolved). Climber T. coccinea Wall. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 1: ; Hook. in Bot. Mag. 85. t ; Clarke in Hook. f., F1. Brit. Ind. 4: Hexacentris coccinea (Wallich) Nees, Pl. As. Mar ; in DC. Prodr Scarlet clockvine; Kanesi, Chontefib-rik, Rato kag chuchche. SC. Common.

7 T. fragrans Roxb., Pl. Corom. 1(3): 47-48, t [1796]; Fl. Ind. ed. 2.3: ; Nees in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: ; Clarke in Hook. f., l.c. SC. Abundant T. lutea T. Anderson, J. Linn. S. B. 9: [1867](Unresolved). Hexacentris lutea Lindl. Gard. Chron. 1854: SC. Common. 2. ACHARIACEAE Harms. (Acharia family) Genus: 1; Species: Gynocardia R.Br G. odorata R.Br. Pl. Coromandel 3: Chaulmoogra odorata Roxburgh; Chilmoria dodecandra Buchanan-Hamilton, Gynocardia antisyphilitica Pierre ex Tschirch, G. prainii Desprez, Hydnocarpus odoratus Lindl. ex Voigt. Bandri, Bandka, Chhal Mogra, Chaulmogra, Gante, Kadoo, Lentem, Ramphal, Tuk-kúng. Tree. Less common. 3. ACTINIDIACEAE Engl. & Gilg, Syllabus, ed. 9 10: Nov 1924, nom. cons. (the Chinese Goose family) Genus: 2; Species: Actinidia Lindl A. callosa Lindl., Nat. Syst. ed. 2: Drongo cuckoo; Kiwi vine; Theki phal, Tiku phool, Tuksing-rik. Climber. Less common A. callosa var. callosa Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot., ed Actinidia arisanensis Hayata; A. callosa var. formosana Finet & Gagnepain; A. callosa var. pubiramula C. Y. Wu; A. formosana (Finet & Gagnepain) Hayata; A. rankanensis Hayata; A. remoganensis Hayata. Tekhiphal A. strigosa Hook. f. & Thomson ex Benth., J. Linn. S. B. 5: ; Gamble Tikiphal, Tuksing-rik, SC. Common. 3.2 Saurauia Willd S. fasciculata Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: 40, t ; Gamble 1878 (unresolved). Gogun, Saré gogen; Sipha-kúng. Tree. Common S. griffithii Dyer in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1(2): Gogen, hlosipha-kúng. Shrub or small tree S. napaulensis DC., Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 1: Gogan, Kasúr-kúng. Tree. Common S. punduana Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: ; Gamble Rata gogen, Sipha-kúng. Tree. Sporadic; Critically Endangered S. roxburghii Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: ; Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). Safar- kúng; Singkrang; Ouli gogen, Dangsipha-kúng. Tree. Endemic, less common. 4. ADOXACEAE E. Mey., Preuss. Pfl.-Gatt.: Sep 1839, nom. cons.; Mukherjee & Acharya 2011 (Moschatel family). Genus: 2; Species: Sambucus L S. adnata Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 4: ; Hooker f. & Thomson, Jour. Linn. Soc ; Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind ; Brandis, Indian Trees Moti phool. Shrub. Rare S. canadensis L., Sp. Pl , sensu lato. H. Hara in Fl. E. Him ; Fukuoka in Acta Phyt. Geobot. 22: H. Hara in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: Jaali Swan, Moti swan. Shrub. Common S. javanica Reinw. ex Blume, Bijdr. 13: S. chinensis Lindl. Trans. Hort. Soc. London 6: Sweet elder; Galeni. PH or small shrub. Less common. 4.2 Viburnum L V. colebrookianum Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 4: ; Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: (Unresolved). Shrub V. coriaceum Bijdr ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: (Unresolved). Tree V. cotinifolium D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Smoketree Leaved Viburnum. Shrub V. cylindricum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep Hara in Hara & Williams, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nep. 2: V. cylindricum Buchanan- Hamilton ex D. Don var. crassifolium (Rehder) C. K. Schneider. Kala Titmalia. Shrub V. erubescens Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 4: Solenotinus erubescens (Wallich) Oersted; Viburnum erubescens var. erubescens Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 4: ; V. erubescens var. prattii Wall. ex DC., Pl. Wilson. 1: Ashaare, Bajranga, Ashare, Ngeko, Nhaargaa, Naepchiben, Naplung, Nekar, Ganne, Kancha. Shrub. Abundant V. grandiflorum Wallich ex Candolle, Prodr. 4: Shrub V. mullaha Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal V. mullaha var. glabrescens (C. B. Clarke) Kitamura, Fauna Fl. Nepal Himal. 1: ; V. stellulatum var. glabrescens C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: ; V. mullaha var. mullaha; V. involucratum Wallich ex Candolle; V. stellulatum Wallich ex Candolle; V. stellulatum var. involucratum (Wallich ex Candolle) C. B. Clarke; V. thaiyongense W. W. Smith. Mulla. Shrub V. nervosum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep V. cordifolium Wall. ex DC., Solenotinus nervosus (D. Don) Oersted. Ambre, Amrola. Shrub V. paniculatum (Das et al. 2008). Not recorded in Kew Plant List. Tree. Rare (Das et al. 2008) 5. AMARANTHACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Amaranth Family); Paul & Chaudhury (2007). Genus: 7; Species: Achyranthes L A. aspera L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1: ; Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 4: A. aspera var. argentea C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 4: ; A. aspera var. aspera; Achyranthes aspera var. indica L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Centrostachys aspera (L.) Standl. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: ; Stachyarpagophora aspersa Maza. Fl. Haban Prickly Chaff Flower, Crocus stuff, Crokars staff, Devil's Horsewhip, Snake's Tail Apang; Latjira, Datiwan, Apang, Apamarga, Lassi. AH. Sparse.

8 5.1.2 A. bidentata Blume, Bijdr. Fl. nederl. Ind ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: ; Saha et al. 2011, Sharma Centrostachys bidentata (Blume) Standl. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: Ox or Pig s knee, Hill Chaff Flower; Ankhlay-jhar, Datiwan, Rato apamarga, Utle kuro. AH/PH/Shrub. Common. 5.2 Aerva Forssk A. javanica Juss. ex Schult. A. persica (Burm. f.) Merr. A. tomentosa Forssk. Iresine javanica Burm. f. I. persica Burm. f. Herb. Frequent. 5.3 Amaranthus L A. greggii S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: Gregg s amaranth, Josiah amaranth. Shrub A. spinosus L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: Galliaria spinosa (L.) Nieuwl. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3(9): Prickly Amaranth, Edlebur, Needle burr, Spiny amaranth, Thorny amaranth, Spiny Pigweed, Kanta Note, Kande lundo, Rangnan, Katgeni, Kataya, Lonre. AH. Abundant A. tricolor L., Sp. Pl. 1: Glomeraria tricolor (L.) Cav. Chinese spinach, Tandaljo or Tandalja bhaji, Joseph's coat. AH A. viridis L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: ; Basnet Euxolus viridis (L.) Moquin-Tandon; Glomeraria viridis (L.) Cav. Descr. Pl ; Pyxidium viride (L.) Moq. Prodr. 13(2): Leaf Amaranth; Bon-notey; Lude, Lunde sag, Latte sag, Randhya, Chambucan. AH. Abundant. 5.4 Chenopodium L C. album L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Boiss., Fl. Or. 4: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Fat hen, Lamb s quarters, Pigweed, Bethe, Bethua sak. AH. 5.5 Deeringia R.Br D. amaranthoides (Lam.) Merrill, Interpr. Rumph. Herb. Amboin Achyranthes amaranthoides Lamarck, Encycl. 1: ; Cladostachys amaranthoides (Lamarck) K. C. Kuan. Shrubby Deeringia. SC. Common. 5.6 Pupalia Juss P. lappacea (L.) Juss., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris. 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: Achyranthes lappacea L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1: Forest Burr, Creeping Cock's Comb; Ultakuro. PH. 5.7 Stilbanthus Hook.f S. scandens Hooker f. in Hook. Icon Pl. 13: t Herbs, shrubs or woody climber. 6. ANACARDIACEAE R. Br. in J.H. Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire: Mar 1818, nom. cons. (the Cashew Family) Genus:10 ; Species: Choerospondias B.L.Burtt & A.W.Hill C. axillaris (Roxb.) B.L. Burtt & A.W. Hill, Ann. Bot. 1937, n. s. i. 254, in adnot.; Kew Bull. 1937, Spondias axillaris Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 2: ; Poupartia axillaris (Roxb.) King & Prain. Lapsi. Tree Dobinea Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don D. vulgaris Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep ; Hiern. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Gamble 1878; D. Chandra & Mukh. in N.P. Singh et al., Fl. India 5: Samli, Sangli phul. Shrub. Endemic. Less common. 6.3 Drimycarpus Hook.f D. racemosus (Roxb.) Hook. f. ex Marchand. Rév. Anacardiac D. racemosus (Roxb.) Hook. f., in Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 1: ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 2: ; D. racemosus var. longifolius (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Marchand. Rév. Anacardiac ; Holigarna racemosa Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 2: Khag bhalayo. Tree. 6.4 Lannea A. Rich. in Guillem L. coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr., J. Arn. Arb. 19: Dialium coromandelicum Houtt., Nat. Hist. 2: 39. t. 5. f Indian Ash tree, Bara dabdabbi, Hallunde, Holongre, Jeol. Tree. 6.5 Mangifera L M. indica L., Sp. Pl. 1: J. L. Stewart & Brandis, l.c.; Brandis, l.c.; Talbot, l.c. Tree. Aam, Aamli chukuli M. sylvatica Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. 1820, 2: ; Gamble Himalayan mango, Chuche aam, Chuchi Aam; Katúr-kúng. Tree. Rare. 6.6 Pegia Colebr P. nitida Colebr., Tr. Linn. S. 15: Tapirira hirsuta (Roxb.) Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 2: (Gamble s list). Chuti lahara, Mashullara, Romchiling-rik. Scandent shrub. 6.7 Rhus L R. chinensis Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8 n Rhus semialata Murray, Comm. Doc. Goetting. 6: 27, pl (Gamble s list); R. semialata var. osbeckii Candolle. Datick, Bhakimlo, Bhagmili; Takhril-kúng. Tree or shrub. Less common. Vulnerable. 6.8 Semecarpus L.f S. anacardium L.f., Suppl. Pl (Unresolved). Indian marking nut tree; Bhola, Bhalayo, Kalo/Kag bhalayo. Tree. Less common. 6.9 Spondias L S. pinnata (L.f) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Pegu. App. A, 44; App. B, ; Bor, Man. Ind. For. Bot ; W. Meijer, l.c.23. Mangifera pinnata Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl ; Poupartia pinnata (Linnaeus f.) Blanco. Yellow plum, Amaro, Ambara, Ambar Shing. Tree Toxicodendron Mill T. acuminatum (DC.) C.Y. Wu & T.L. Ming, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 119, pl. 31, f Rhus acuminata DC., Prodr. 2: (Gamble s list). Raniwalai; Serhnyok. Tree T. griffithii (Hook.f) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl Rhus griffithii J.D. Hooker. Tree T. hookeri (Sahni & Bahadur) C.Y. Wu & T.L. Ming, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): Rhus hookeri Sahni & Bahadur. Indian Forester 96: ; R. insignis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2(4): (Gamble s list). Kagphulai; Serh-kúng. Tree. Common.

9 T. succedaneum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl Rhus succedanea L., Mant. 2: ; Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Car. ed.) 2: ; Wight, l.c. 2: t ; J.L. Stewart & Brandis, For. Fl ; Brandis, Indian Trees, ; J.D. Hooker, l.c. 12, p.p.; R. succedanea var. himalaica J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: Arkhol. Tree. Common. 7. ANNONACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Custard-apple Family) Genus: 7; Species: Annona L A. squamosa L. Sp. Pl Shariphal. In cultivation. 7.2 Artabotrys R.Br A. hexapetalus (Linnaeus f.) Bhandari in Baileya 12(4): Annona hexapetala Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl Manoranjini. Shrub. 7.3 Desmos Lour D. chinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: (two varieties: laevigata and pubescens). Unona chinensis (Loureiro) Candolle. Dwarf Ylangylang. SC. Frequent D. dumosus (Roxb.) Saff., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 39: Unona dumosa Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: Male lahara. Climber. Common D. praecox (Hook.f. & Thomson) Saff. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: Unona praecox Hook.f. & Thomson. Fl. Ind. 1: SC. 7.4 Goniothalamus (Blume) Hook. f. & Thomson G. sesquipedalis (Wall.) Hook.f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: ; Gamble Guatteria sesquipedalis Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: t ; Uvaria sesquipedalis Colebr. ex Wall. Numer. List Sané, Singnok-kúng. Small shrub. 7.5 Miliusa Lesch. ex A.DC M. codonantha Chaowasku, sp. nov. Willdenowia - Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem 43(1): , f (New record from Darjeeling, not found in Kew list). Treelet M. longiflora (Hook. f. & Thoms.) J. Sinclair, Gard. Bull. Singapore 14: (Unresolved). Saccopetalum longiflorum Hk. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 1: Shee-kúng. Tree or shrub. Not common M. macrocarpa Hook.f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind [unresolved]. Tree. Not common M. roxburghiana (Wall.) Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). Hyalostemma roxburghianum Wall. ex Meisn. Pl. Vasc. Gen Sungdenkúng. Small tree. Not uncommon M. velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind. 1: ; in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: Guatteria velutina (Dunal) A. DC. 1832; Uvaria velutina DC. in Dunal, Monogr. Anonac Khari. Tree. 7.6 Polyalthia Blume P. longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl ; Hook. f. & Thorns. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: Guatteria longifolia Wall., Cat ; Wight & Am., Prodr ; Unona longifolia (Sonn.) Dunal. Monogr. Fam. Anonac ; Uvaria longifolia Sonnerat, Voy. Indes. 3: Ashok, False Ashok, Mast tree. Tree P. simiarum (Buchanan-Hamilton ex J. D. Hooker & Thomson) Benth., Gen. Pl. 1(1): J. D. Hooker & Thomson in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 1: Guatteria simiarum Buchanan-Hamilton ex J. D. Hooker & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: ; P. simiarum ssp. cheliensis (Hu) Bân; Unona simiarum (A. Hamilton ex J. D. Hooker & Thomson) Baill. ex Pierre. Khuttikath, Lapche Kath, Labshi, Khari. Tree. Rare. 7.7 Uvaria L U. concava Teijsm. & Binn. Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 3: U. lurida Hk. f. & T., Fl. Ind. 1: ; U. lurida var. macrophylla Hook. f. & Thomson; U. lurida var. sikkimensis King. Rabu lahara. Climber U. hamiltonii Hook. f. & Thoms. Fl. Ind. 1: U. hamiltonii var. kurzii King. Ann. R. Bot. Calc. 4: Bandar Jhula. Scandent shrub. SC. Less common U. macropoda Hook.f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: ; in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: (unresolved). Uva macropoda Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: Rabu-lara. Climber. 8. APIACEAE Lindl., Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: Jun 1836, nom. cons., nom. alt. (the Carrot, Ginseng, Parsley family). Genus: 14 ; Species: Acronema Falc. ex Edgew A. bellum (C.B. Clarke) P.K. Mukh., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 24: Pimpinella bella C.B. Clarke. Fl. Brit. India 2: Herb A. tenerum (DC.) Edgew., Tr. Linn. S. London 20: Helosciadium tenerum de Candolle, Prodr. 4: ; Carum tenerum (de Candolle) Franchet; Pimpinella tenera (de Candolle) C.B. Clarke. Herb. 8.2 Bupleurum L B. candolleii Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 4: [ candollii ]; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., FBI. 2: Chadu. PH B. hamiltonii N.P. Balakr., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. S. 63: Ban Sampu. AH. 8.3 Centella L C. asiatica (L.) Urb. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 11(1): 287, t ; Das et al Hydrocotyle asiatica L., Sp. Pl. 1: Indian pennywort; Golpatta, Paise jhar, Athanne jhar, Ghod-tapre, Brahmabuti, Tuni Manakuni. PH. Common. 8.4 Chaerophyllum L C. reflexum Aitch., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: Kashmir Chervil. Herb C. villosum Wall ex DC., Prodr. 4: ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., l.c. Chyaum. AH. 8.5 Conioselinum Hoffm C. vaginatum (Spreng.) Thell. Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5(2): Ligusticum vaginatum Sprengel, Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: PH. 8.6 Cortiella C. Norman

10 8.6.1 C. hookeri (C. B. Clarke) C. Norman, J. Bot. 75: 94, t. B Cortia hookeri C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Schulzia hookeri (C. B. Clarke) M. Hiroe. PH. 8.7 Eryngium L E. foetidum L., Sp. Pl. 1: Wild coriander. PH. 8.8 Heracleum L H. nepalense D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep H. nepalense var. bivittatum C. B. Clarke; Tetrataenium nepalense (D. Don) Manden., Trud. Tbilissk. Bot. Inst. 20: Budho Aushaadhi, Chimping. AH. Sparse H. sublineare C.B. Clarke. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: (Unresolved). Tetrataenium sublineare (C.B. Clarke) Manden. ex Farille, Cauwet-Marc & S.B. Malla. Herb H. wallichii DC., Prodr. 4: (Unresolved). Tetrataenium wallichii (DC.) Manden., Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 41: Chimphing. PH. Frequent. 8.9 Ligusticum L L. elatum (Edgew.) C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: Aromatic herb Oenanthe L O. javanica (Blume) DC., Prodr. 4: ssp. javanica (Batalin) H. Hara. Pan-Turasi. Herb O. thomsonii C.B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 2: ssp. thomsonii (Batalin) H. Hara. Thomson s water dropwort. AH Pimpinella L not Ség P. diversifolia var. diversifolia DC., Prodr. 4: ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., l.c AH P. diversifolia var. stolonifera Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7(3): P. diversifolia var. sermentifera Goel & U.C. Bhattach. AH P. sikkimensis C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 2: (Unresolved). Herb P. tongloensis P. K. Mukh., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12: (Unresolved). Herb. Endangered P. urceolata Watt ex Banerji, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 50 (1): (Unresolved). Herb P. wallichii C. B. Clarke, ; Fl. Br. Ind. 2: Herb Pleurospermum Hoffm P. dentatum Benth. ex C.B. Clarke. Fl. Brit. India 2: (Unresolved). Hymenidium dentatum (DC.) Pimenov & Kljuykov. Feddes Repert. 111: ; Hymenolaena dentata DC. Prodr. 4: ; Ligusticum dentatum Wall. Numer. List PH Sanicula L S. elata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep S. europaea Linnaeus ssp. elata (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. de Boissieu. Kanchurne. Herb. Common S. wallichianum (DC.) Raiz. & Saxena, Indian Forester, 92: Cortia wallichiana (DC.) Leute in Ann. Naturhistor. Mus. Wien 73: ; Peucedanum wallichianum DC., Prodr. 4: ; Selinum tenuifolium Wall. Wallich milk parsley; Himalaya Silge; Bhutkesh. Herb. Less common Sinocarum Wolff ex Shan et Pu S. clarkeanum P.K. Mukherjee & Constance, Edinb. J. Bot. 48 (1): (Unresolved). Herb S. sikkimense (P.K. Mukherjee) P. K. Mukh. & Constance, Edinb. J. Bot. 48 (1): (Unresolved). Acronema sikkimense P.K. Mukherjee; A. acronemifolia (C.B.Clarke) H. Wolff p.p.; Pimpinella acronemifolia C.B. Clarke p.p. Herb. 9. APOCYNACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Dogbane or Milkweed Family). Genus: 22; Species: Aganosma (Blume) G.Don A. gracilis Hooker f. in Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: Common A. heynei (Spreng.) ined. A. caryophyllata (Roxb. ex Sims.) G. Don. Gen. Syst. 5(4): ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 3: ; Echites heynei Spreng, Syst. Veg. 1: Malati. Twining shrub. 9.2 Asclepias L A. curassavica L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Hook. f., l.c.; Gamble 2: 833 (585) Mexican Butterfly Weed, Blood Flower; Khursani kose phool. Herb. 9.3 Beaumontia Wall B. grandiflora Wall., Tent. Fl. Nep. 15.t Echites grandiflora Roxburgh. Chimale lahara. Lianas. Rare. 9.4 Calotropis R.Br C. gigantea (L.) Dryand, Hortus Kew. 2: ; Yonzone et al Asclepias gigantea L. Sp. Pl ; Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. Syst. Veg. 6: ; Madorius giganteus (L.) Kuntze. Crown Flower, Milkweed, Giant Milkweed, Bowstring hemp, Giant Milk Weed, Giant Calotrope, White madar. Aank. Shrub. Sparse C. procera (Aiton) Dryand. Hortus Kew. 2: Asclepias procera Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: Seto aank. Shrub. 9.5 Ceropegia L C. bhutanica H. Hara, Bull. Bot. Surv. India PH C. longifolia var. longifolia Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 1: 56, t ; Cat. 278, n Climber C. longifolia var. darjilingensis A.P. Das in Trans. Bose Res. Instt. 50(4): SC. Endemic. Threatened C. pubescens Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: 81, t ; Cat. 278, n Ban semi, Bansemilahara, Bhirke lahara, Mirke lahara, Mirkelahra or Mirkey laharo. Climber. 9.6 Chonemorpha G.Don C. fragrans (Moon) Alston in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Perad Echites fragrans Moon, Cat. Pl. Ceylon Lianas. Common. 9.7 Cryptolepis R.Br C. dubia (Burm.f.) M.R. Almeida. Fl. Maharashtra 3A: Periploca dubia Burm.f. Wax leaved climber; Harjora lata, Krishna anantamul. SC. Common.

11 9.7.2 C. sinensis (Loureiro) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 15: Pergularia sinensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: ; Emericia sinensis (Loureiro) Schultes; Periploca chinensis Sprengel; P. sinensis (Loureiro) Steudel; Streptocaulon chinense (Sprengel) G. Don; Vallaris sinensis (Loureiro) G. Don. Climber. Less common. 9.8 Dischidia R.Br D. indica (Das et al. 2008). Not recorded in the Kew Plant List. AH. Abundant. 9.9 Gongronema (Endl.) Decne G. thomsonii (Hook. f.) K.M. Matthew. Kew Bull. 34: Gymnema thomsonii Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: [Jun 1883]; Marsdenia thomsonii Hooker f. in Fl. Brit. India 4: SC. Rare Gymnema R.Br., Prodr , March 1810, not R.Br. On the Asclepiadeae 22. April G. macranthum Hook. f. Hooker's Icon. Pl. 15: t [ publ. Dec 1883]. 15: t (Unresolved). Herb Hemidesmus R.Br H. indicus (L) R. Br. ex Schult. in Syst. Veg. 6: ; Shrestha et al Periploca indica L., Sp. Pl Indian Sarsaparilla, East Indian sarsaparilla, Ananta Mul. Twining shrub Hoya R.Br H. arnottiana Wight, Contr. B. Ind (Unresolved). Climber H. edenii King ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: [Jun 1883][Unresolved]. Epiphyte. Less common H. fusca Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 68, tab Yellow Wax Flower. SC. Rare H. globulosa Hook. f. Gard. Chron. n.s., 1882(1): (Unresolved). Vermont Hoyas. Climber. Rare H. lanceolata Wall. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep (Unresolved). Kurkure jhar. Epiphytic US H. linearis Wall. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep H. linearis var. sikkimensis Hook. f., B. Mag. 109: t ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 4: Epiphytic US H. longifolia Wall. in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: Epiphytic shrub. Abundant H. parasitica (Roxb.) Wall. ex Wight, Contr. Bot. India Asclepias parasitica Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. 2: Epiphyte. Abundant H. serpens Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 4: (Unresolved). Epiphytic US. Endemic. Rare Marsdenia R.Br M. sylvestris (Retz.) P.I. Forst. Austral. Syst. Bot. 8: Gymnemma sylvestre (Retzius) R. Brown ex Smith, Cycl. (Rees) 17(1): n ; G. sylvestre (Retz.) Schult. Syst. Veg. 6: ; Periploca sylvestris Retz. Observ. Bot. 2: Lianas. Less common M. tinctoria R. Brown, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: M. tinctoria var. brevis Costantin; M. tinctoria var. tomentosa Masumune ex Tsiang & P. T. Li. Climber. Less common Micrechites Markgr M. polyanthus (Blume) Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: M. elliptica Hooker f. in Fl. Brit. India 3: SC. Less common Myriopteron Griff M. extensum (Wight & Arn.) K. Schum. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): Streptocaulon extensum Wight & Arnott in Wight, Contr. Bot. India ; Streptocaulon extensum var. paniculatum (Griffith) Kurz. Lianas. Endemic Pergularia L P. daemia (Forssk.) Chiov., Result. Sci. Miss. Stef.-Paoli Somal. Ital. 1: ; Blatt. & McCann in Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 36: Asclepias daemia Forssk. Fl. Aegypt-Arab., ; Cynanchum cordifolium Retz., Obs., 2: ; C. extensum Jacquin, Misc. 2: Chhagal Bati. PH P. exilis (Colebr.) Spreng. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 12: 358-9, t Tylophora exilis Colebrook in Trans. Lin. Soc , t Climber. Less common P. roylei (Wight) D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 2: P. roylei Wight, Contr. Bot. India Marsdenia roylei Wight, Contr. B. Ind ; Baahuni Lahara, Dudhe lahara. Twining shrub Periploca Tourn. ex. L P. calophylla (Wight) Falc. in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: (Unresolved). Streptocaulon calophyllum Wight, Contr. Bot. India SC Plumeria L P. rubra L. Sp. Pl Graveyard flower. Shrub Streptocaulon Wight & Arn S. sylvestre Wight Contr. Bot. India ; Fl. Brit. Ind. 4(10) (Unresolved). PC. Endemic. Rare and extremely endangered (Das 1996); Critically Endangered (Kadir & Das 2007) Treutlera Hook. f T. insignis Hook. f., in Hook., Icon. Pl. 5: t (Unresolved). Twining herb or shrub. Rare Tylophora R.Br T. indica (Burmann f.) Merrill in Philip. J. Sci. 19: Cynanchum indicum Burm. f. Fl. indica Indian Ipecac, Indian ipecacuahna. Twining or climbing herb. Rare T. ovata (Lindl.) Hook. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 2: Diplolepis ovata Lindl. Twining shrub. Less common Vincetoxicum Wolf 1776 not Walter V. hirundinaria Medik., Hist. Comm. Acad. Elect. Theod.-Palat. Phys. 6: 404 (1790) ssp. glaucum (Wall. ex Wight) H. Hara, in H. Hara et al., Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 3: 89 (1982). White Swallow- Wort. PH. 104

12 10. AQUIFOLIACEAE Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 2(110): 438, , nom. cons. (the Holly Family). Genus: 1; Species: Ilex Linnaeus I. crenata Thunb., Syst. Veg., ed. 14 (J.A. Murray) Japanese Holly. Shrub I. dipyrena Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: ; Gamble 1878; Brandis, For. Fl. N.W. & C. India, 76. t & Ind. Trees, ; Hook. f., l.c I. dipyrena var. connexiva W. W. Smith; I. dipyrena var. paucispinosa Loesener. Himalayan holly; Seto khasru, Lekh chotro. Tree. Less common I. fragilis Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: I. fragilis f. kingii Loesener; I. fragilis f. subcoriacea C. J. Tseng. Shrub or small tree. Less common I. godajam (Colebr.) Wall. ex Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: [Feb 1875]; Gamble Prinos godajam Colebrooke in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: ; I. godajam f. capitellata (Pierre) Loesene. Hathisure. Shrub or small tree I. hookeri King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 55: Lissi. Tree. Endemic, rare I. insignis Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Gamble Lasuni. Shrub or small tree. Less common I. intricata Hook. f., ; Fl. Br. Ind. 1: Ilex intricata f. macrophylla H. F. Comber. Nepal holly. Shrub I. odorata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don., Prodr. Fl. Nepal (Chaudhuri 1992). Tree I. sikkimensis Kurz, J. As. S. Beng. 44(2): Ilex sikkimensis var. coccinea H. F. Comber. Tree. Rare I. umbellulata (Wall) Loes. Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: I. umbellulata var. megalophylla Loesener; Ehretia umbellulata Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: ; Pseudehretia umbellulata (Wallich). Shrubs or trees I. wightiana Wall. ex Wight. Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4: t Tree. 11. ARALIACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Aralia, Ivy or Ginseng Family). Genus: 11; Species: Aralia L A. armata (Wallich ex G. Don) Seem., J. Bot. 6: Panax armatus Wallich ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 3: Shrub A. cachemirica Dcne. in Jacq., Voy. Bot. 4: 72. t ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., l.c A. macrophyla Lindl. in Bot. Reg. Misc Kashmir aralia. Shrub. Less common A. foliolosa Seem. ex C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 2: Shrub. Less common A. gigantea J. Wen., J. Bot. 2: Pentapanax racemosus Seem., J. Bot. 2: ; Parapentapanax racemosus (Seem.) Hutch. Chindey. SC. Rare A. kingdon-wardii J. Wen, Lowry & Esser Adansonia III, 23: Gamblea longipes Merr. Shrubs/climbers/epiphytes. Recent record A. leschenaultii (DC.) J. Wen., Brittonia 45: Hedera leschenaultii (DC.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or ; Panax leschenaultii DC., Prodr. 4: ; P. leschenaultii (DC.) Seem., J. B. 2: ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. F., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: ; P. leschenaultii var. umbellatum (Seem.) C.B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 2: , Pentapanax fragrans (D.Don) Ha. Chindey. Tree. Less common A. sikkimensis Parry in Mukherjee 2018 (Not recorded in the Kew list). Rakadap chheh, Thingkokcha, Chimchok, Namturebang. Near threatened Brassaiopsis B. glomerulata (Blume) Regel, Gartenfl. 12: 175, t B. speciosa Decne & Plunch, Aralia glomerulata Blume,Bijdr ; Hedera glomerulata (Blume) DC., Prodr. 4: ; Macropanax glomerulatus (Blume) Miquel. Kalo chuletro, Chinde. Tree. Less common B. hainla (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Seem., J. Bot. 2: ; Rev. Hederac Hedera hainla Buchanan-Hamilton in D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Pseudobrassaiopsis hainla (Buchanan-Hamilton) R.N. Banerjee. Seto Chuletro; Sang-zam-kúng. Tree. Less common B. hispida Seem., J. Bot. 2: Pseudobrassaiopsis hispida (Seemann) R. N. Banerjee. Puta or Phutta, Sang-zam- kúng. Shrub. Less common B. mitis C.B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 2: Euaraliopsis mitis (C.B.Clarke) N.P. Balakr.; Pseudobrassaiopsis mitis (C.B.Clarke) R.N.Banerjee. Phutta, Chuletro, Sang-zam-kúng. Shrub or small tree. Endemic, less common Gamblea C.B.Clarke G. ciliata var. ciliata C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: ; Biswas, Pl. Darjeeling Sikkim Himalaya 1: ; Hara et al., Enum. Flow. Pl. Nepal 2: Kursimla. Tree, rarely shrub. Rare Hedera L H. nepalensis K. Koch, H. Dendr Hedera himalaica Tobler, Gatt. Hedera 67, f Himalayan Ivy, Kathe laharo, Dudelaa, Singbana. Woody climber. Less common Hydrocotyle L H. himalaica P.K. Mukh., Ind. For. 95: 470, t Himalayan Pennywort; Botuke-jhar, Ghora Tophay, Taapre. PH. Endemic. Abundant H. javanica Thunb., Dissert. 2: 415. t ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., I. c. Dhungri jhar. PH. Common H. sibthorpioides Lam., Encycl. 3: Tike Ghodtapre. AH Heteropanax Seem H. fragrans (Roxb.) Seem. Fl. Vit Lal Totola. Tree. Rare Macropanax Miq.

13 M. dispermus (Bl.) O. Kuntze, Fl. E. Himal Aralia disperma Blume, Bijdr ; Hedera disperma (Blume) Candolle; Macropanax dispermus (Blume) Kuntze var. integer C. B. Shang. Gu Shing. Tree. Rare M. undulatus (Wall. ex G. Don) Seem., J. Bot. 2: [ undulatum ]. Hedera undulata Wallich ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 3: Chinde. Tree Merrilliopanax H.L.Li M. alpinus (C.B. Clarke) C.B. Shang, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia. 5: Brassaiopsis alpina C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Pseudobrassaiopsis alpina (C. B. Clarke) R. N. Banerjee. Bhote Phutta. Tree. Endemic to Eastern Himalayas. Rare Panax L P. bipinnatifidus var. angustifolius (Burkill) J. Wen, Proc. Int. Ginseng Workshop P. assamicus R.N. Banerjee, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10: ; Pandey et al. 2007; Sharma & Pandit 2011; Pandey & Ali Feather-leaf bamboo ginseng, Pearl ginseng. Herb. Endangered P. pseudoginseng Wall., Trans. Med. Phys. S. Calc. 4: ; Pl. As. Rar. 2: 30, t ssp. himalaicus H. Hara, J. Jap. B. 45: 208, f. 2b, t. 11c-e & t ; in Fl. E. Him. 2: Aralia pseudo-ginseng (Wall.) Benth. ex C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 2: P. pseudoginseng var. angustifolins (Burkill) Li; P. sikkimensis R. N. Banerjee, Bull. B. Surv. Ind. 10: 21, t. 1 (1968). Himalayan false ginseng; Batase, Chandra, Saatgaathe, Satpate, Mangen, Nadar. PH. Threatened P. pseudoginseng var. angustifolius f. serratus Bhujel & Das. forma novo. AH P. pseudoginseng Wall. var. bipinnatifidus (Seemab) Li. Himalayan Ginseng, Nepal Ginseng. Herb. Endangered P. pseudoginseng var. bipinnaifidus f. neoraensis Bhujel & Das. forma novo. AH Schefflera J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (1775) S. elata (Buchanan-Hamilton) Harms in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): Agalma elatum (Buchanan-Hamilton) Seemann; Hedera elata Buchanan-Hamilton in D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Heptapleurum elatum (Buchanan-Hamilton) C.B. Clarke; H. elatum var. griffithii (Seem.) C.B. Clarke; Paratropia elata (Buch.-Ham.) K. Koch; Sciodaphyllum elatum (Buch.-Ham.) Seem. Gufla. Epiphyte. Less common S. pubigera (Brongn. ex Planch.) Frodin, World Checklist Bibliogr. Araliaceae publ S. bengalensis Gamble, Kew Bull ; Heptapleurum venulosum Seem. Kuntiong-rik. SC. Abundant S. rhododendrifolia (Griff.) Frodin World Checklist Bibliogr. Araliaceae publ S. impressa (C. B. Clarke) Harms, in Engl., Pflfam. 3-8: , Panax rhododendrifolius Griff. Itin. Pl. Khasyah Mts ; Heptapleurum impressum C.B. Clarke. Bhalu chinde or Bhalu Phutta. Tree. Less common S. roxburghii Gamble, Fl. Madras, Pt. 3: ; Subram., Indian For. 96: S. venulosa (Wight & Arn) Harmes var. roxburghii (Gamble) Khanna, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 26: SC. Rare S. venulosa (Wight & Arn.) Harms, in Engl., Pflfam. 3-8: S. venulosa (Wt. et Arn.) Harms. var. macrophylla (Wall. et Clarke) A.P. Das. Heptapleurum venulosum (Wight & Arn.) Seem., J. Bot. 3: ; Rev. Hederac ; Paratropia venulosa Wight & Arn., Prodr. fl. Ind. orient Dain, Singhata. SC. Rare Trevesia Vis., T. palmata (Roxb. ex Lindl.) Vis. Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino 2, 4: Gastonia palmata Roxb. ex Lindl. Bot. Reg. 11: t ; Gilibertia palmata (Roxb. ex Lindl.) DC. Prodr. 4: ; Trevesia palmata var. echinata : Hooker s specimen No.537 at Kew collected from Chibla khola, Darjeeling (Jebb 1998). Snowflake tree; Snowflake Aralia. Tree. Common. 12. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Jussieu. Gen. Pl. : Aug 1789; nom. cons. (Birthwort or Dutchman's-pipe Family). Genus: 1; Species: Aristolochia L A. griffithii Hooker f. & Thomson ex DC. Prodr. 15(1): Isotrema griffithii (Hook. f. & Thomson ex Duch.) C.E.C. Fisch. Pitcher plant, Baleyka. SC. Rare A. indica L. Sp. Pl ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Aristolochia lanceolata Wight, Ic. t Indian birthwort. PH. Rare A. littoralis Parodi. Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 5: A. elegans Masters in Gard. Chron. 2: Calico flower, Elegant Dutchman's pipe. PC. Relatively common in closed forests A. nakaoi Maek. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15: Isotrema nakaoi (Mackawa) A. R. Smith in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 178 : sub.t A. platanifolia (Klotz) Duchartre in DC. Prodr. 15(1): ; Hooker f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Siphisia platanifolia Klotzsch. Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1859: Climber. Rare A. saccata Wall., Pl. Aiat. Rar. 2: Aristolochia cathcartii J. D. Hooker. Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Siphisia saccata (Wall.) Klotzsch. Twining shrub. Less common A. tagala Cham. Linnaea 7: 207. t. 5, A. acuminata Lam., Encycl. 1: ; A. roxburghiana Klotzsch. Indian birthwort, Dutchman's pipe. Twining herb. Common. 13. ASTERACEAE Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin: 254. Jan Apr 1820, nom. cons., nom. alt. (the Aster, Composite, Daisy or Sunflower Family). Genus:83 ; Species: Achillea L A. millefolium L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: Gondana. PH Acmella Rich. ex Pers. 106

14 A. calva (DC.) R.K. Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8: Spilanthes calva Candolle in Wight, Contr. Bot. India, ; S. acmella var. calva (DC.) Clarke ex Hooker f. Maraathii geraasapan, Kalijhar. PH. Abundant A. paniculata (Wall. ex DC.) R.K. Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8: A. paniculata f. calva J.Kost.; A. calva (DC.) Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8: ; Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC. Panicled Spot Flower; Laato ghaans, Maaratii, Kalijhar. AH. Common A. uliginosa (Sw.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 24: Jaegeria uliginosa (Sw.) Spreng., Spilanthes uliginosa Sw. Marsh Para Cress; Gorakba, Pirazh. AH Adenostemma J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., A. lavenia (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: ; Chater in H. Hara et al., Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 3: A. lavenia var. latifolium (D. Don) Handel- Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: ; A. lavenia var. lavenia; Verbesina lavenia L., Sp. Pl. 2: Buro-Keshuti, Rato danthe ghans. AH A. suffruticosum Gardner, London J. Bot. 6: ; Hattori & Nakajima in Hoehnea, 38(2): A. scaevolifolium Martius ex Baker, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 6(2): [1 Feb 1876]. US Ageratina Spach A. adenophora (Sprengel) R. M. King & H. Robinson, Phytologia. 19: ; Das et al Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: , based on E. glandulosum Kunth in H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 4: 122, t , not Michaux (1803). Eupatory, Crofton weed; Banmara, Kalo banmara, Kalijhar, Muknak. Perennial herbaceous shrub. Abundant A. ligustrina (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Phytologia 19(4): ; Yonzone et al Eupatorium ligustrinum DC., Prodr. 5: ; Yonzone et al Privet-leaved ageratina/snakeroot. Perennial shrub or sometimes subshrub Ageratum L not Mill (Plantaginaceae) A. conyzoides L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Gamble 2: 672 (476). 1921; Basnet Goat Weed; Ganmane ghans, Gandhe (Seto), Elami-paat, Ilamay jhar, Nambuyu myk, Oochunti, Rogpungon. AH. Abundant A. houstonianum Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. Ageratum no A. mexicanum Sims.; A. conyzoides ssp houstonianum (Mill.) Sahu in Feddes Repert. 93: Gandhe (Nilo), Ilame jhaar. AH. Abundant Ainsliaea DC A. aptera DC., Prodr. 7: A. aptera f. paniculata Kuntze. Wingless Ainsliaea. PH A. latifolia (D. Don) Sch. Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia 18-19: Liatris latifolia D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Sahadeva-sahadevee. AH. Common Alstonia R.Br A. nerifolia D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Tree. Rare A. scholaris (L.) R. Br. in Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. S. 1: 75 (1811, preprint 1810); DC., Prodr. l.c. 408; Wall., Cat. 44, n (1829); Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 2: t. 422 ( ); Brandis, For. Fl ; Bentley & Trimen, Med. Pl. 3: t. 173 (1877). Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 3: 642 (1882); C. R. Rao in Ind. For. 93: 51. (Linn.) R.Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: Nerium tinctorium Perr Devil's Tree; Chatiun, Chhatim, Chhatiwan, Aak Chhataun, Chhatni. Tree. Abundant Anaphalis DC. (1838) A. adnata Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 6: ; C. B. Clarke, Composit. Ind ; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: Gnaphalium adnatum (Wall. ex DC.) Kitam., Wall. Cat n nom.nud.; G. adnatum (Wall. ex DC.) Kitamura in J. Jap. Bot. 21: Buki phul. AH A. busua (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) DC., Prodr. 6: Gnaphalium busua Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Pearly Everlasting, Buki phool. AH. Common A. contorta (D. Don) Hook. f., ; Fl. Br. Ind. 3: A. contorta var. pellucida (Franchet) Y. Ling; A. contorta var. pellucida (Franchet) Y. Ling; Antennaria contorta D. Don, Bot. Reg. 7: t ; Gnaphalium contortum (D. Don) Buchanan- Hamilton. Eared-Leaf Pearly Everlasting; Buki Phool. PH. Abundant A. margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2: A. margaritacea var. cinnamomea (Candolle) Herder ex Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg. 27: ; A. margaritacea var. margaritacea; Gnaphalium margaritaceum L., Sp. Pl. 2: Western pearly everlasting. AH. Abundant A. subumbellata C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 108 (1876). Herb A. triplinervis (Sims.) Sims. ex C.B. Clarke., Comp. Ind ; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3; A. triplinervis var. triplinervis; A. triplinervis var. intermedia (DC.) Airy Shaw, B. Mag. 158: t ; A. triplinervis var. monocephala (DC.) Airy Shaw, B. Mag. 158: t ; Antennaria triplinervis var. cuneifolia DC., Prodr. 6: Buki Phool, Samsori. PH. Abundant 13.9 Artemisia L A. dubia Wall. ex Besser, Nouv. Mem. S. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 3: ; D. C. Prodr. 6: Titepati, Paati, Namnewa, Kemba girbu, Chyangchin. Subshrubs or herbs. Frequent A. indica Willd., Sp. Pl. ed. 4, 3: Asian mugwort, Titepati. PH. Common A. japonica Thunb., Fl. Jap A. japonica var. parviflora (Roxb. ex D. Don) Pamp., l. c. 34: 665; Oligosporus japonicus (Thunb.) Poljakov in Tr. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk. Kazakh. SSR 11: Chyenti. US A. nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. ser. 2, 33: A. vulgaris var. nilagirica C.B. Clarke, Compos. Ind

15 Indian wormwood, Fleabane, Mugwort; Nagadana, Titepathi. Aromatic shrub A. vulgaris L., Sp. Pl ; DC., Prodr. 6: ; C.B. Clarke, Comp. Ind ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: pro parte. Common wormwood, Felon Herb, Mugwort, St. John's Plant, Wegwood, Wild wormwood; Titeypati, Tuk gnyel. PH. Abundant Aster L., A. himalaicus C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: Himalayan aster. PH A. sikkimensis Hook.f. & Thoms., Bot. Mag. 77: t Sikkim aster. PH or subshrub Bellis L B. perennis L., Sp. Pl. 2: Common daisy. AH or PH Bidens L B. pilosa L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Gamble 2: 709 (499) B. pilosa var. minor (Blume) Sherff; B. pilosa f. radiata Schultz Bipontinus; B. pilosa var. radiata (Schultz Bipontinus) J.A. Schmidt; B. pilosa f. rubiflora S.S. Ying. Spanish Needle; Kalo kuro, Kuro jhar, Tikhe kuro, Nir, Tsyathun, Katare. AH. Common Blainvillea Cass B. acmella (L.) Philipson, Blumea. 6: Bidens acmella Lam. Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: ; Verbesina acmella L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Pyrethrum acmella Medic. Obs. Bot ; Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murray. Para Cress; Toothache Plant, Eyeball Plant. AH Blumea DC. 1883, conserved name, not Rchb (Malvaceae) nor G. Don 1831 (Actinidiaceae) B. axillaris (Lam.) DC., Prodr. 5: Conyza axillaris Lam.; Erigeron molle D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Soft blumea. AH B. balsamifera (L.) DC. Prodr. 5: Baccharis balsamifera Stokes; Conyza balsamifera L.; Pluchea balsamifera (L.) Less. Dog-bush; Kukursoka. Perennial shrub or subshrub B. bifoliata (L.) DC. in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind ; Hook.f. FL. Brit. India 3: Conyza bifoliata L. Sp. Pl Herb B. chinensis (L.) DC. Prodr. 5: , excl. syn. Conyza chinensis (L.) Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 3: Baccharis chinensis Lour.; Cacalia chinensis (L.) Kuntze; Duhaldea chinensis (Lour.) DC. Herb B. fistulosa (Roxb.) Kurz. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 46(2): [2 Aug 1877]. Blumea fistulosa (Roxb.) Kurz, Conyza fistulosa Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: Clustered Blumea. AH B. hieraciifolia (Sprengel) DC., in Wight, Contr. B. Ind ; Prodr. 5: (Unresolved). Conyza hieraciifolia Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 3: ["hieracifolia"], based on Erigeron hieraciifolius D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal ["hieracifolium"], not Poiret (1808). Sahasrabuti. PH B. lacera (Burf. f.) DC. in Wight, Contr. B. Ind ; Prodr. 5: 436 (1836); Gamble 2: 687 (483) B. lacera var. cinerascens (DC.) Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 3: , Conyza lacera Burm.f. Fl. Ind. 180.t Kukure, Rand, Thulo mulapate. AH B. laciniata (Wall. ex Roxb.) DC., Prodr. 5: Conyza laciniata Roxb., Hort. Beng Cutleaf blumea; Cutleaf false oxtongue; Thulo mulapate. AH B. lanceolaria (Roxb.) Druce in Bot. Soc. Exch. Cl. Br. Isles 4: 609 (1917). B. lanceolaria var. spectabilis (Candolle) Randeria, Conyza lanceolaria Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: Lanceleaf Blumea. PH B. obliqua (L.) Druce in Bot. Exch. Club. Soc. Brit. Isles. 4: Erigeron obliquam L. Mant. Pl Herb B. repanda (Roxb.) Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: Conyza repanda Roxb. in Fl. Ind. Ed. 2, 3: PH B. riparia (Blume) DC. in Prodr. 5: Conyza riparia Blume, Bijdr , not Kunth (1818). Shrub B. wightiana DC. in Wight, Contributions to the Botany of India ; Prodr. 5: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., 3: 261. Conyza wightiana Wall. ex DC. Herb Blumeopsis Gagnep B. flava (DC.) Gagnep. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris. 26: ; S. Gould in Hara et al., Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: ;.C., Prodr. 5: Laggera flava (DC.) Benth. in Gen. Pl. 2: ; C. B. Clarke, Composit. Ind ; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: Torigande. Herb Calendula L C. officinalis L., Sp. Pl. 2: Marigold Carpesium L C. abrotanoides L., Sp. Pl. 2: PH C. trachelifolium Less., Linnaea 6: C. cernuum L. var. tracheliifolium (Lessing) C. B. Clarke. AH Carissa L C. spinarum L. Mant. Pl. 2: Karamacha. Shrub Catharanthus G.Don C. roseus (L.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: C. roseus var. albus G. Don; Vinca rosea L., Syst. Nat. ed ; V. rosea var. alba (G. Don) Sweet Ammocallis rosea (L.) Small; Lochnera rosea (L.) Reichenbach ex Endlicher; L. rosea var. alba (G. Don) Hubbard; L. rosea var. flava Tsiang; Pervinca rosea (L.) Moench. Nayantara. Subshrub or herb. Planted Centipeda Lour C. minima (L.) A. Br. & Asch., Ind. Sem. H. Berol. App C. minima var. lanuginosa (Candolle) Domin; Artemisia minima L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Cotula minima (L.) Willdenow; Dichrocephala minima (L.) Bojer; Grangea minuta (G. Forster) Poiret; Myriogyne minima (L.) Lessing ex

16 Seemann. Mechilta Chhiunke Jhaar, Hachhiu jhaar. PH Chaetoseris C.Shih C. cyanea (D. Don) C. Shih. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29: Cicerbita cyanea (D. Don) P. Beauv., Bull. S. B. Geneve ser. 2, 2: ; Hajra in Hajra et al., Fl. India 12: ; Cicerbita cyanea var. glandulifera (Franch.) P. Beauv., Bull. S. B. Geneve ser. 2, 2: ; Melanoseris cyanea Edgew. (unresolved); M. cyanea (D. Don.) C. Shih, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29: ; Mulgedium cyaneum (D.Don) DC.; Sonchus cyaneus D.Don., Prodr. Fl. Nepal AH C. macrantha (C.B. Clarke) C. Shih, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29: Cicerbita macrantha (Hook. f. & Thoms. ex C. B. Clarke) P. Beauv., Bull. S. B. Geneve ser. 2, 2: ; Lactuca macrantha C.B. Clarke, Comp. Ind Large Flowered Violet Dandelion. PH Chromolaena DC C. odorata (L.) R.M. King & H.Rob. Phytologia 20(3): Eupatorium odoratum L., Syst. ed. 10 : ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: ; Osmia odorata (L.) Sch. Bip. Siam Weed, Christmas Bush, Devil Weed, Camfhur Grass, Common Floss Flower; Banmara. PH or shrub. Common Cirsium Mill C. falconeri (Hooker f.) F. Petrak. Herb C. lineare (Thunb.) Sch. Bip. Linnaea 19: C. hupehense Pampanini; C. lineare var. franchetii Kitamura; C. lineare var. latifolium H. C. Fu; C. lineare f. oreithales (Hance) Koyama; C. lineare f. pallidum Kitamura; C. lineare var. pallidum (Kitamura) Y. Ling; C. lineare var. salicifolium Y. Ling; C. lineare var. tsoongianum (Y. Ling) Y. Ling; C. oreithales Hance; C. tsoongianum Y. Ling; Cnecus sinensis C.B. Clarke, Compos. Ind ; Carduus linearis Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, ; Cnicus linearis (Thunberg) Bentham & J. D. Hooker ex Franchet & Savatier; Spanioptilon lineare (Thunberg) Lessing. PH C. verutum (D. Don) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: Thakal, Sungure kanda, Churbhami, Chokam Conyza Less., 1832, conserved name not L (syn of Inula) nor Hill 1756 (syn of Pulicaria) nor Lam (syn of Psiadia in Rubiaceae) C. angustifolia Roxb. Hort. Bengal. 61; Fl. Ind. iii (Unresolved). PH C. bonariensis (L.) Cronq. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 70; Erigeron bonariensis L., Sp. Pl. 2: AH C. japonica (Thunb.) Less. ex DC., Prodr. 5: ; Hook. F., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: Eschenbachia japonica (Thunb.) J.Kost. Salaha jhar. AH C. semipinnatifida Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 5: AH C. stricta Willd., Sp. Pl. ed. 4, 3: 1922 (1803); DC., Prodr. 5: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: Erect Horseweed. AH Cotula L C. hemispherica (Roxb.) Wall. ex Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: ; B.D.Naithani in Hajra et al., Fl. Ind. 12: Artemisia hemisphaerica Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: ; Cotula chinensis Kitamura; Machlis hemisphaerica (Roxburgh) Candolle. Galphule, Gandha madinee. AH Crassocephalum Moench C. crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50: Gynura crepidioides Benth. in Hooker, Niger Fl Anikale jhar, Kaiklai, Lodomran. AH Cremanthodium Benth C. nepalense Kitam. in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15: et in Fauna Fl. Nepal. Himal. l: 253. t. 71, GH C. reniforme (DC.) Benth., in Hook., lcon. Pl., 12: 37, t Ligularia reniformis Candolle, Prodr. 6: AH Cyanthillium Blume C. cinereum (L.) H. Rob. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: Cacalia cinerea (L.) Kuntze; Conyza cinerea L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Seneciodes cinerea (L.) Kuntze; Serratula cinerea (L.) Roxburgh; Vernonia cinerea (L.) Lessing., Linnaea 4(1): Common Vernonia, Little ironweed, Purple fleabane; Jhurjhure, Kuk-shim; Malchaa Jhaar. AH. Common Cynanchum L C. corymbosum Wight, Contr. Bot. India Cyathella corymbosa (Wight) C. Y. Wu & D. Z. Li; Cynoctonum corymbosum (Wight) Decaisne C. vincetoxicum (L.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: (Unresolved). Dog Strangling Vine, Poisonrope Swallowwort Dahlia Cav D. imperialis Roezl, Gart. Fl. 243, t. 407, (Unresolved). Bell tree dahlia; Rukh lahure. Shrub D. pinnata Cav., Ic. Descr. Pl. 1: 57, t Lahure phool. PH Dichrocephala L'Hér. ex DC D. integrifolia (L. f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl D. integrifolia ssp. gracilis (DC.) Fayed, Mitt. B. Staatssam. Munehen 15: , Hippia integrifolia L. f., Suppl. Pl Haadchhun jar, Parasi, Doyan. AH. Common Dittoceras Hook.f D. andersonii Hook.f. in Hook. Ic. Pl. 15: t Dude lahara; Leem-rik Eclipta L E. prostrata (L.) L., Mant. Pl. 2: Verbesina prostrata L., Sp. Pl. 2: Bhringraj, Kesut. AH Elephantopus L E. scaber L., Sp. PI. 2: E. scaber L. var. typicus Koster Elephant Foot, Pricklyleaved elephant's foot, Bull's Tongue, Ironweed. PH Emilia Cass.

17 E. sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex DC, Wight, Contr. B. Ind ; Prodr. 6: Cacalia sonchifolia Hort ex L.; Crassocephalum sonchifolium (L.) Less.; Senecio sonchifolius (L.) Moench. Chaulaane Jhaar, Mula pate, Sadi-modi. AH Enydra Lour E. fluctuans Lour., Fl. Conchinch.: (Unresolved). Meyera fluctuans (Lour.) Spreng. Water Cress, Marsh Herb; Helencha. AH Erechtites Raf E. valerianaefolia (Link ex Wolf) Less. ex DC., Prodr. 6: Crassocephalum valerianifolium (Link ex Wolf) Less.; Erechtites valerianifolius (Kunth) Cuatrec. ex Belcher; Senecio valerianifolius Rchb.; S. valerianifolius Link ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: ["valerianaefolius"]. AH Erigeron L E. bellioides DC. Prodr. 5: Bellorita, Tare phul. Herb. Common E. karvinskianus DC., Prodr. 5: PH Galinsoga Ruiz & Pav G. parviflora Cav., Icones. Descr. Pl. 3: 41, t Chitlange jhar. Abundant G. quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. 1: (Unresolved). Jhuse Chitlange. AH Gamochaeta Wedd G. purpurea (L.) Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 9: Gnaphalium purpureum L., Sp. Pl. 2: , nom. cons. American cudweed. AH Gnaphalium L not Adans G. affine D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep Laphangium affine (D. Don) Tzelev; Pseudognaphalium affine (D. Don) Anderberg. Kairo jhar, Pahelo bukey phool. Herb. Common G. polycaulon Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: Buki jhaar. AH Grangea Adans G. maderaspatana (L.) Poiret, Encycl. Suppl. 2: (Unresolved). Artemisia maderaspatana L., Sp. Pl. 2: Gobre jhaar. AH. Common Guizotia Cass G. abyssinica (L.f.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 59: Polymnia abyssinica L. f., Suppl. Pl Ram-til, Surguja, Jhuse-til. AH Gynura Cass G. cusimbua (D. Don) S. Moore, J. B. 50: Cacalia cusimbua D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal PH. Common G. nepalensis DC. Prodr. 6: Mangdhong. PH Helianthus L H. annuus L., Sp. Pl. 2: H. annuus ssp. jaegeri (Heiser) Heiser; H. annuus ssp. lenticularis (Douglas ex Lindley) Cockerell; H. annuus var. lenticularis (Douglas ex Lindley) Steyermark; H. annuus var. macrocarpus (Candolle) Cockerell; H. annuus ssp. texanus Heiser. Sunflower; Suryamukhi phul. AH H. tuberosus L., Sp. Pl. 2: H. tuberosus var. subcanescens A. Gray. Brahmokhra; Gane suryamukhi. PH Helichrysum Mill., H. luteoalbum (L.) Rchb. Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 2. 2(2): [Mar-Jul 1829]. H. luteoalbum (L.) Rchb.; Gnaphalium luteoalbum L. Sp. Pl. 2: [1 May 1753], Das et al. 2008; Laphangium luteoalbum (L.) Tzvelev.; Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (L.) Hilliard & B.L. Burtt, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 82: Weedy Cudweed, Jersey Cudweed, Everlasting Cudweed, Fragrant everlasting Holarrhena R.Br H. pubescens Wall. Numer. List Echites pubescens Buchanan-Hamilton, not Willdenow ex Roemer & Schultes; H. pubescens (Buch.- Ham) Wall. ex G. Don. Ivory tree; Kurchi Ban khirro, Madhisae Khirro, Dudh khirro. Tree. Sparse Ichnocarpus R.Br I. frutescens (L.) W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 2: Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) R. Br., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. S. 1: 62 (1811, preprint 1810); Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 2: t. 430 ( ). DC., Prodr. 8: ; Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 3: ; Burkill in Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 4: ; T. Yamaz. in Fl. E. Him ; Chater in H. Hara et al.; Apocynum frutescens L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Echites frutescens Wallich ex Roxburgh. Shyamalata, Dudhilata, Dudhe lahara, Dudhlatti, Sukhnidia Inula L I. cappa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) DC., Prodr. 5: (Unresolved). Gaaitihaare. US I. eupatorioides Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 5: Duhaldea eupatorioides (Wall. ex DC.) Steetz, Bonplandia. 5: Shrub I. orientalis Lam. Encycl. 3: Inula grandiflora Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: ; DC., Prodr. Sys. Nat. Reg. Veg 5: 468, 1836; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: , 1875; 196; Clarke, Compos. Ind. 123, 1876; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 294, Showy inula. PH I. rubricaulis (DC.) Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2: ; C.B. Clarke, Comp. Ind Amphirhapis rubricaulis Candolle, Prodr. 5: ; Duhaldea rubricaulis (Candolle) Anderberg, Pl. Syst. Evol. 176: Kan pate. Herb or subshrub Khasianthus K. subsessilis (DC.) ex H. Rob. & Skvarla. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 122(2): ; Chaudhuri Vernonia subsessilis DC., Prodr. 5: (Unresolved); V. subsessilis Candolle var. macrophylla J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: ; Khasianthus subsessilis H. Robinson & Skvarla var. macrophyllus (J.D. Hooker) H. Robinson & Skvarla. Herb Lactuca L L. graciliflora Wall ex DC., Prodr. 7: Melanoseris graciliflora (Candolle) N. Kilian 110

18 Fl. China : ; Prenanthes graciliflora Wall. Numer. List [Wallich] n Leucanthemum Mill., L. vulgare (Vaill.) Lam., Fl. Fr. 2: Chrysanthemum vulgare (Lamarck) Gaterau (1789), not (Linnaeus) Bernhardi (1800). PH Ligularia Cass. 1816, conserved name, not Duval 1809 (Saxifragaceae) L. fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz., Bull. S. Nat. Moscou 11 (1838) L. hookeri (C.B. Clarke) Hand,-Mazz. Acta Horti Gothob , 12: 304 (1938); et in Engl. Jahrb. lxix. 127(1938)" Cremanthodium hookeri C. B. Clarke, Compos. Ind ; C. hookeri f. angustiligulatum R. D. Good; C. hookeri f. irregulare R. D. Good; C. hookeri ssp. polycephalum R.D. Good; C. hookeri f. regulare R. D. Good; Ligularia hookeri var. polycephala (R. D. Good) Handel-Mazzetti, L. pachycarpa (C.B. Clarke ex Hook.f.) Kitam. in Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo Bull., 2: 139 (1971) AH. Endemic Mikania Willd. 1803, conserved name not F.W.Schmidt 1795 (Asteraceae) nor Neck (Moraceae) M. cordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 104: ; Chaudhuri Eupatorium cordatum N. L. Myanmarn, Fl. Indica, Assamlata; Halkalmi. PH. Common M. micrantha Kunth. in HBK, Nova Genera et Species Plantarum 4: SC Montanoa Cerv M. bipinnatifida (Kunth) C. Koch. Wochenschr. Giirtn. 7: Uhdea bipinnatifida Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol Mexican daisy. Shrub Mulgedium Cass M. lessertianum (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) Wall. ex DC. Prodr. (DC.) 7(1): Cicerbita lessertiana (Wall. ex DC.) Mamgain & R.R.Rao ; Hieracium lessertianum Wall. Numer. List [Wallich] n ; Lactuca lessertiana (DC.) C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind ; Melanoseris lessertiana (Candolle) Decaisne in Jacquemont Voy. Inde. 4(Bot.): PH Myriactis Less M. nepalensis Less., Linnaea 6: 128, t. 2F Thuke phool. PH M. wallichii Less., Linnaea 6: Wallich's Myriactis. PH Neurolaena R.Br not B.L.Turner N. lobata (L.) R. Br. ex Cass. in F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. (ed. 2). 34: 501, N. lobata (L.) R.Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. London. 12: , Calea lobata (L.) Sw.; Conyza lobata L., Sp. Pl Salve Bush, Bushy Fleabane, Sour-Bush, Wild Tobacco. Herb Onopordum Vaill. ex L O. acanthium L., Sp. Pl. 2: Herb Parthenium L P. hysterophorus L., Sp. Pl. 2: Congress jhaar. AH Prenanthes L P. brunoniana Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 7: (Unresolved). Cicerbita (Wall. ex DC.) Tuisl ex Rech. f., Fl. Iran. 122: Lactuca brunoniana (Wall. ex DC.) C. B. Clarke; Comp. Ind. 266 (1876). Himalayan Rattlesnake Root, Brown's Rattlesnake Root. AH P. khasiana C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind Notoseris khasiana (C.B. Clarke) N. Kilian. Flora of China 20 21: 233 [note] AH Pseudognaphalium Kirp P. affine (D. Don) Anderb. in Opera Bot. 104: Gnaphalium affine D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Laphangium affine (D. Don) Tzvelev. Biennial herb Rauvolfia L R. serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz.,Forest Fl. Burma 2: ; Gen. Pl. 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: Ophioxylon serpentinum L., Sp. Pl. 2: Serpentina, Devil-pepper, Indian Snakeroot; Sarpagandha, Chand maruwa, Sarpa gandha, Chyarangro, Dharmaruwa, God, Baruwa, Thingzungkha, Argamgajao. Small herb Saussurea DC S. auriculata (DC.) Sch. Bip. Linnaea 19: Aplotaxis auriculata DC., Prodr. 6: ; Himalaiella auriculata (DC.) Raab-Straube, comb. Nova. PH S. deltoidea (DC.) Sch. Bip., Linnaea 19: ; (DC.) C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind Aplotaxis deltoidea DC. Prodr. 6: ; Himalaiella deltoidea (DC.) Raab-Straube, comb. Nova; Theodorea deltoides O. Curz. AH S. heteromalla (D. Don) Hand. Mazz. Symb. Sin. Pt. vii , in obs Cirsium heteromallum (D. Don) Spreng.; Cnicus heteromallus D. Don; Himalaiella heteromalla (D. Don). Kaliziri. PH Senecio L S. andersonii C.B. Clarke, Comp. Ind (Unresolved) S. cappa Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep Synotis cappa (Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don) C. Jeffrey et YL Chen (1984). Bakhrekane, Marcha, Cappa swa. SH or subshrub S. diversifolius Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 6: (Unresolved). Senecio raphanifolius Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 6: S. kunthianus Wall. Numer. List [Wallich] n ; ex DC., Prodr. 6: Cineraria dealbata Spreng. ex DC.; Synotis kunthiana (Wall. ex DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen., Kew Bull. 39(2): PH S. kurzii C.B. Clarke ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: [Unresolved]. Herb S. laetus Edgew. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20(1): S. chrysanthemoides DC., Prodr. 6: nom. illegit., non Schrank 1789; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: ; S. chrysanthemoides DC. var. khasianus (C.B. Clarke) Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: PH.

19 S. linifolius L., Syst. Nat., ed : [7 Jun 1759] (Unresolved). Herb S. orientalis L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brith. Ind. 3: 304, 1881 (not recorded in Kew list). Dudhe Jhaar. AH S. raphanifolius Wall. ex DC. Prodr. 6: Jacobaea raphanifolia (Wallich ex Candolle) B. Nordenstam. PH S. scandens Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep PH S. spartioides Torr. & A.Gray. Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2: Sub-shrub S. walkeri Arn. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xviii. I. (1836) Cissampelopsis walkeri (Arn.) Jeffrey & Chen, Kew Bull. 39: ; R. Mathur in Hajra et al., Fl. India 13: AH S. wightianus DC. ex Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind (Unresolved). Senecio wightianus DC. Prodr. (DC.) 6: Siegesbeckia L not J.G. Gleditsch S. orientalis L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brith. Ind. 3: 304, Dudhe Jhaar Solidago L not Mill S. virgaurea L., Sp. Pl. 880 (1753). Solidago virga-aurea var. pubescens Wall. ex C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 35 (1876). Goldenrod. PH Sonchus L S. arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 2: Perennial Sow-thistle, Field milk thistle; Ban-rayo. PH S. asper (L.) Hill, Herb. Br. 1: Sonchus oleraceus var. asper L., Sp. Pl. 2: AH S. oleraceus (L.) L., Sp. Pl. 2: Dhudi kanda. AH S. wightianus DC., Prodr. 7: S. wightianus ssp. wallichianus (Candolle) Boulos. AH Stenoseris C.Shih S. graciliflora (Wall. ex DC.) Shih in Act. Phytotax. Sin. 29: Lactuca graciliflora Candolle, Prodr. 7: ; Melanoseris graciliflora (Candolle) N. Kilian Fl. China : PH Synedrella Gaertn S. nodiflora (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. 2: 456, t. 171, f Verbesina nodiflora L., Cent. Pl. 1: Pahele jhar. AH Synotis (C.B.Clarke) C.Jeffrey & Y.L.Chen S. alata (Wall. ex Wall.) C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen., Kew Bull. 39(2): Senecio alatus Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 6: ; Senecio alatus Wall., Numer. List [Wallich] n PH S. tetrantha (DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, Kew Bull. 39: Senecio tetranthus Candolle, Prodr. 6: PH S. wallichii (DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, Kew Bull. 39: Senecio wallichii Candolle, Prodr. 6: PH Tagetes L T. erecta L., Sp. Pl AH T. minuta L., Sp. Pl. 2: AH T. patula L., Sp. Pl. 2: Barhamase sayaptree; Chhota-genda. AH Tabernaemontana Plum. ex L T. divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: Nerium divaricatum L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Ervatamia divaricata (L.) Burkill, Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 10: ; Tabernaemontana coronaria (Jacq.) Aiton, H. Kew. ed. 2, 2: Chandanee, Tagar Chandanee. Shrub. common Taraxacum F. H. Wigg T. officinale Wigg., Fl. Br. Ind. 3: T. officinale var. parvulum Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 3: Common Dandelion; Tuki phool Tithonia Desf. ex Juss not Kuntze 1891 (Phytolaccaceae) T. diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: Mirasolia diversifolia Hemsley, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2: Kande putali phool. Shrub or subshrub T. rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F.Blake, Contrib. Gray Herb., n.s. 52 (1917)" Tagetes rotundifolia Mill. Mexican Sunflower, Yellow torch. AH Tridax L T. procumbens (L.) L., Sp. Pl. 2: Husure jhar, Putali jhar. PH Vallaris Burm.f V. solanacea (Roth) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: ; Bor & Raizada, l.c. Peltanthera solanacea Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp ; Vallaris solanacea (Roth) K. Schumann. Dudhe lahara Vernonia Schreb V. saligna DC., Prodr. 5: Acilepis saligna (Candolle) H. Robinson. Nundeki, Mullongkúng. PH V. spirei Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54: V. subsessilis DC. Prodr. (DC.) 5: (Unresolved). V. subsessilis var. bracteolata (DC.) Hook. f. Blue pyramid V. talaumifolia Hook.f. & Thomson ex C.B.Clarke, Comp. Ind Cacalia talaumifolia Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: Nundheki. Tree. Common V. volkameriifolia DC., Prodr. (DC.) 5: ; Chaudhuri Cacalia volkameriaefolia Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: ; Conyza volkameriaefolia Wall. Numer. List [Wallich] n ; Eupatorium volkameriaefolium Wall. Numer. List [Wallich] sub n ; Gymnanthemum volkameriifolium (DC.) H. Rob Himalayan tree vernonia; Nundheki, Maltong-kúng. Tree. Common Vinca L V. minor L., Sp. Pl. 1: Lesser periwinkle, Dwarf periwinkle Vittadinia A.Rich V. australis A. Rich. [M. M. A. Lesson & A. Richard in J. S. C. Dumont d'urville, Voy. Astrolabe 1: (Ess. fl. Nouv.-Zél.)]. Eurybiopsis australis (A.Rich.) Hook.f. Bot. Antarct. Voy. II. (Fl. Nov.-Zel.). 1: White fuzzweed. PH V. cuneata DC. Prod. 5: US Wrightia R.Br.

20 W. antidysentrica (L.) R. Br. Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: Echites antidysentericus (L.) Roxb. ex Fleming; Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.) Wall.; H. antidysenterica (L.) Wall. ex A. DC.; Nerium antidysentericum L.; Walidda antidysenterica (L.) Pichon. Kurchi W. arborea (Dennst.) Mabb., Taxon 26: ; DC., Prodr. l.c. 404; Cooke, l.c. 137; Hook f. l.c Periploca arborea Dennstedt, Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 13, 23, Dudhi, Daira, Khirra; Raani Khirro. Tree. Common W. sikkimensis Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1908: W. speciosissima (D. Don) Merrill, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: Gmelina speciosissima D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Youngia Cass Y. japonica (L.) DC., Prodr. 7: Crepis japonica (L.) Benth., Fl. Hongk ; C. japonica (L.) Bentham; Chondrilla japonica (L.) Lamarck; Prenanthes japonica L., Mant. Pl AH Zinnia L Z. elegans Jacq., Coll. 5: Zinnia; Sundaree phool. AH. 14. BALANOPHORACEAE Rich., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: Nov 1822, nom. cons. (the balanophora family). Genus: 2; Species: Balanophora J.R.Forst. & G.Forst B. involucrata Hook.f. & Thomson, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 22: Balania involucrata (Hook.f.) Tiegh. Herb Rhopalocnemis R. phalloides Jungh., Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 18 (Suppl. 1): ; Trans. Linn. Soc. 22: 52, t ; Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Pfl.-fam. ed. 2, 16 b: 323, f. 163 A-E. 1935; Fl. E. Him. 1: Herb. 15. BALSAMINACEAE A. Rich. in J.B.G.M. Bory de Saint-Vincent, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 2: Dec 1822, nom. cons. (the Touch-me-not Family). Genus: 1; Species: Impatiens L I. arguta Hook. f. & Thomson, J. Linn.S. B. 4: I. arguta var. bulleyana J. D. Hooker; I. gagei J. D. Hooker; I. namchabarwensis R. Morgan et al.; I. taliensis Lingelsheim & Borza. AH I. balsamina L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Hooker & Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: & in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 4: Balsamina hortensis Desportes (1816), not A. St.-Hilaire (1808). Tiuree. AH I. bicornuta Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: Raja bubu. AH I. bracteata Colebr. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 2: ; Hook. f. in Rec. Bot. Survey Ind. 4(2): 12 et Impatiens fimbriata Hooker. AH I. cathcartii Hook. f. & Thoms. Brit. India 1: (Unresolved). US. Less common I. chinensis L. Sp. pl. 2: I. cosmia J. D. Hooker; I. crassicornu J. D. Hooker. AH I. cymbifera Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; in Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 4: 14 & AH I. decipiens Hook. f. Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: (Unresolved). Herb I. discolor DC., Prodr. 1: (Unresolved). AH I. exilis Hook. f., ; Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 4: 13 & 19 (1905)(Unresolved). I. filicornu C. B. Clarke ex Hook. f., ; Rec. Bot. Surv. India, 4: 19 (1905), pro syn. Herb I. falcifer Hook. f., B. Mag. 129: t ; in Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 4: 18 & Raja bubu. Herb I. florigera C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: (Unresolved). Herb I. gamblei Hook. f., Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 4: 15 & (Unresolved). Herb I. graciliflora Hook. f., ; Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 4: 15 & 21 (1905)(Unresolved). AH I. jurpia Buch.-Ham.; in Wall. [Cat. 168, n (1831), nom. nud.] ex Hook. f. & Thoms. in J. Linn. S. B. 4: 140 (1860)(Unresolved). PH or shrub I. kingii Hook. f., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: (Unresolved). Herb. Endemic. Rare I. leptocarpa Hook. f., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: (Unresolved). Herb I. longipes Hook.f. & Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4: AH I. occultans Hook. f. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 4: 17 & 22 (1905)(Unresolved). Neju-Choarma. Herb I. porrecta Wall. Numer. List ; Hook. f. & Thomson, J. Linn. S. B. 4: 138 (1860)(Unresolved). AH I. puberula DC., Prodr. 1: ; Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: 83, t ; Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Bernardi in Candollea 18: ; H. Hara in Fl. E. Him ; 2: ; Phot. Pl. E. Him. f ; H. Hara in H. Hara & W. Bhenda ghans. AH I. pulchra Hook. f. & Thomson, J. Linn.S. B. 4: (Unresolved). AH I. racemosa DC., Prodr. 1: I. racemosa var. ecalcarata J.D. Hooker, Rec. Bot. Surv. India. 4: ; I. racemosa var. racemosa; I. microsciadia J.D. Hooker. Anchirna. AH I. radiata Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: I. centiflora H. Léveillé. AH I. scabrida DC., Prodr. 1: ; Wall., Cat. 168, n. 4769A. 1931; Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 1.: t ; Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 472 (1875), p.p.; in Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 4: 7 & ; Banerji in Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 19(2): H. Hara in F. I. praetermissa J. D. Hooker. Tiuri jhar. Herb I. scitula Hook.f., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: ; Ghara et al Herb I. spirifer Hook. f. & Thomson, J. Linn. S. B. 4: (Unresolved). Herb I. stenantha Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; in Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 4: 17 &

21 Impatiens angustiflora Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 1: AH I. sulcata Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Carey ed. 2: ; Hook. f. & Thorns. in J. Linn. Soc. 4: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: & in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 4: I. gigantea Edgeworth (1846), not Arnott (1835). Mujuro. Herb I. trilobata Colebr. in W. J. Hooker, Exot. fl. 2: t (Unresolved). Three-lobed Balsam. Shrub I. tripetala Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; ex DC., Prodr. 1: 687 (Jan. 1824); Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; H. Hara in Fl. E. Him. 197 (1966); 2: 76 (1971); Phot. Pl. E. Him. f ; H. Hara in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. (Unresolved). Herb I. tuberculata Hook.f. & Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: AH I. uncipetala C. B. Clarke ex Hook. f., ; Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 4: 18 & (Unresolved). Herb I. urticifolia Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 4: , Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: ; in Cat. 168, n Herb I. wallichii Hook. f., Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 4: 15 & (Unresolved). Herb. 16. BASELLACEAE Moquin-Tandon. Chenopod. Monogr. Enum. 1840, non. cons. (Madeira-vine Family). Genus: 1; Species: Basella L B. alba L. Sp. Pl Indian spinach. PH. 17. BEGONIACEAE C. Agardh, Aphor. Bot.: Jun 1824, nom. cons. (the Begonia Family). Genus: 1; Species: Begonia L B. cathcartii Hook. f. & Thomson, Ill. Him. Pl. t. 13 (1855); C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: Platycentrum cathcartii (Hook.f. & Thomson) Klotzsch. Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1855: GH. Rare B. dioica Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 223 (1825). Three-petal Begonia, Mangarkanche. GH. Common B. flaviflora H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 45: PH B. gemmipara Hook. f. & Thomson, Ill. Him. Pl. t. 14 (Jul. 1855). C. B. Clarke in Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 641 (1879). H. Hara in Fl. E. Him. 2: 84 (1971). Putzeysia gemmipara (Hook. f. & Thomson) Klotzsch. Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854: Epiphytic herb B. hatacoa var. hatacoa Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep ; Hara in J. Jap. Bot. 47: Begonia rubro-venia Hook., B. Mag. 79: t ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: GH B. josephii A. DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, 11: ; Prodr. 15(1): ; C.B. Clarke in 114 Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: B. picta auct. non Smith 1805: C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: , p.p. GH B. longifolia Blume. Catalogus B. inflata C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Diploclinium longifolium (Blume) Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): Magarkachey. US B. lutea L.B. Sm. & B.G. Schub., Caldasia 4: B. megaptera A. DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, 11: 134 (1859); Prodr. 15(1): 348 (1864); C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: ; C.E.C. Fischer in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 12(2): Herb B. nepalensis (A. DC.) Warb. in Engl., Pflfam. 3(6a): 142 (1894); Hara in Fl. E. Himal. 2: ; Hara & Williams, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: ; Rao & Gupta in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 20(2): 1973; Matthew in Ind. J. For. Addl. ser. 2: Meziera nepalensis A. DC., Prodr. 15(1): Herb B. ovatifolia A. DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, 11: ; Prodr. 15(1): Begonia ovatifolia var. cretacea C.B. Clarke. Fl. Brit. India 2: Herb B. palmata D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep B. palmata var. gamble M. Bhajan; B. laciniata Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 3: ; C.B.Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India, 2: ; C.E.C. Fischer in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 12(2): PH B. paupercula King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 71: ; Sharma & Bhattacharyya Herb B. picta Sm., Exot. Bot. 2:81, t C.B. Clarke in Hook.f, Fl.Brit.Ind.2 : ; C.E.C. Fischer in Rec. Bot. Surv. India, 12(2): Magar kanche, Namkimro. GH. Less common B. roxburghii (Miq.) A. DC., Prodr. 15(1): 398 (1864); C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Kanjilal et al., Fl. Assam 2: ; C.E.C. Fischer in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 12(2): 98. I938. Diploclinium roxburghii Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): Herb B. rubella Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 223 (1825). Begonia scutata Wall. ex A. DC., Prodr. 15(1): ; Clarke, in Fl. Brit. India 2: Magar kanche. Herb. Rare B. satrapis C.B. Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Biswas (1966). Herb B. sikkimensis A. DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, 11: ; Prodr. 15(1): ; C.B.Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Hara, Fl. E. Him Herb B. subpeltata Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: t ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: Reichenheimia subpeltata (Wight) Klotzsch. Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1855: PH B. xanthina Hook., Bot. Mag. 78: t ; Grierson Platycentrum xanthinum (Hook.) Klotzsch, Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1855: Herb.

22 18. BERBERIDACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Barberry Family). Genus: 4; Species: Berberis L B. angulosa Wall. ex Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind. 1: ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: B. angulosa var. fasciculata Ahrendt. J. Bot. 79(Suppl.): Large-flowered Berberry; Chutro. Shrub B. aristata DC., Syst. Nat. 2: ; Hooker f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind: 222 (1855); Hooker f. & Thomson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1(1): 110 (1872); Chatterjee, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 16(2): 20 (1953). Ban Chutro, Tsema. Shrub B. asiatica Roxb. Ex DC., Syst. Nat. 2: B. asiatica var. clarkeana C.K.Schneid. Bull. Herb. Boissier II, 5: Chutro, Jurshi, Kerpaak, Pichyar. Shrub B. chitria Buch.-Ham. ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. 9: t B. chitria Ahrendt, nom. illeg.; B. chitria D. Don; B. Chitria Buch.-Ham.; B. chitria Lindl.; B. Chitria Buch.-Ham. ex Ker-Gawler in Edward, Bot. Reg. 9: t. 729, Chutro. Shrub B. concinna Hook. f. in Curtis, Bot. Mag. 79, t. 4744, 1853; Gamble Tsema. Shrub B. dasyclada Ahrendt. J. Bot. 79(Suppl.): ; J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.) 57: Shrub B. hookeri Lem., Ill. Hort. 6: t Hooker s Barberry. Shrub B. insignis Hook.f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind. 1: ; Hooker f. & Thomson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1(1): 111 (1872); Gamble 1878; Chatterjee, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 16(2): 7 (1953). Chutro, Timburjhien. US B. macrosepala Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind Shrub B. nepalensis Spreng, Syst. Veg. 2: (Johri 1935); Chatterjee & Guha Chatri, Chutro, Keshari. Shrub B. thomsoniana C.K. Schn. Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 5 (2): Chutro. Shrub B. umbellata Wall. ex G. Don. Gen. Syst. 1: B. umbellata Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 30: t Chutro. Shrub B. wallichina DC., Prodr. 1: ; Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal: ; Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 23. t ; Chatterjee, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 16(2): Shrub Mahonia Nutt M. japonica (Thunb.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: Ilex japonica Thunberg, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 2: Shrub M. napaulensis DC., Syst. Nat. 2: , excl. beta Takeda in Not. B. G. Edinb. 6: 216, t. 1-2, 33, f. 1-5 (1917); Gamble 1878; Chatterjee M. nepalensis DC. Syst. Nat. 2: ; Berberis nepalensis (DC.) Spreng, Syst. Veg. 2: ; B. napaulensis DC., B. napaulensis var. leschenaultii (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Hook. f. & Thomson. Mahonia, Chutro, Kesari, Chatri, Jamane mandro, Kome, Sersing, Mendok, Kyarpa. Shrub. Sparse Nandina Thunb N. domestica Thunb, Nov. Gen. Pl N. domestica var. linearifolia C. Y. Wu ex S. Y. Bao. Sacred bamboo. Shrub Sinopodophyllum T.S.Ying S. emodi Wall. ex Royle, Illustr. Bot. Himal and ; Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind. 1: ; Hook. f., l.c Podophyllum emodi var. hexandrum (Royle) Chatt. & Muker. Shrub S. hexandrum (Royle) T. S. Ying in C. Y. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 2: Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, Ill. B. Him. 1: Indian podophyllum; Laghu patra, Shinmendo, Haamung, Wunwagun. Shrub. 19. BETULACEAE Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 222, Jan 1822, nom. cons. (the birch family). Genus: 4; Species: Alnus Mill A. nepalensis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep Clethropsis nepalensis (D. Don) Spach.; Ghosh & Saha Alder, Uttis, Boshi swa, Bhomsing, Bisuwaa, Gama, Koplong. Tree. Abundant Betula L B. alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep B. acuminata Lindl. in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: 7, t (Gamble 1878); B. alnoides var. acuminata (Wallich) H. Winkler; Betulaster acuminata (Wallich) Spach. Bhojpatra, Hlosonlikúng, Lekh paiyu, Payúng, Saur, Saver, Tap. Tree. Less common B. cylindrostachya Lindl. ex Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: ; Gamble B. acuminata Wallich var. cylindrostachya (Lindley) Regel; B. alnoides Buchanan-Hamilton var. cylindrostachya (Lindley) H. Winkler; Betulaster cylindrostachya (Lindley) Spach. Sauer; Sungli-kúng. Tree. Less common B. utilis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal B. utilis var. prattii Burkill. Birch, Bhojpatra, Latap, Takpa 19.3 Carpinus L C. viminea Wall. ex Lindl., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: Tree. Rare Corylus L C. ferox Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: Himalayan hazelnut. Tree. 20. BIGNONIACEAE Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: , nom. cons.; Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Trumpet-creeper Family). Genus: 2; Species: Oroxylum Vent O. indicum (L.) Kurz., Forest Fl. Burma 2: ; Vent., gen. nov C.B Clarke, l.c. 378; T.Cooke, l.c.; Brandis, Ind. Trees, Bignonia indica L. Sp. Pl. 2: ; Calosanthes indica (L.) Blume; Hippoxylon indica (L.) Raf.; Spathodea indica (L.) Pers. Indian trumpet flower, Champakashing, Totola, Karamkanda. Tree. Abundant Stereospermum Cham., S. chelonoides (L.f.) DC., Bibl. Univ. Geneve 2, 17: Bignonia chelonoides L.f. Suppl. Pl.

23 Kuber bacha, Pader, Parari. Tree. Less common S. tetragonum DC. Prodr. 9: Bignonia tetragona Wall. ex DC. Trumpet flower tree; Yellow snake tree; Parari. Tree. Common. 21. BIXACEAE Kunth, Malvac., Büttner., Tiliac.: Apr 1822, nom. cons. (the Lipstick-tree Family). Genus: 1; Species: Bixa L B. orellana L., Sp. Pl ; Gamble Nali, Sinduri. Small tree. 22. BORAGINACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Borage Family). Genus: 8; Species: Cordia L C. myxa L., Sp. Pl ; F.T.A. 4, 2: 14; DC., Prodr. 9: ; Brandis, For. Fl. C. W. & C. Ind exclud. syn. Manjack; Bohori. Tree. Rare Cynoglossum L C. lanceolatum Forsskål, Fl. Aegypt.-Arab ; DC., Prodr. 10: ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: PH C. wallichii G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: C. wallichii var. wallichii. Herb C. zeylanicum (Lehm.) Brand, Pflanzenr. IV, 252: Anchusa zeylanica Vahl ex Hornem. C. zeylanicum Thunb. ex Lehm.; Echinospermum zeylanicum Lehm.; E. zeylanicum (Vahl) Lehm.; Rochelia zeylanica Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 108 & 780 (1819). Ceylon forget me not; Kanike kuro. Herb Ehretia P.Browne E. acuminata R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl E. acuminata var. grandifolia Pampanini. E. acuminata var. obovata (Lindley) IM Johnston. E. serrata Roxb. var. obovata Lindley; Cordia thyrsiflora Siebold & Zuccarini.. Seto lodo. Tree. Less common E. wallichiana Hook. f. & Thomson [ex Gamble, Darjeeling List 57 (1878), nom. nud.] ex C.B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 4: Cordia acuminata Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 339 (1824); in Cat. 26, n ; Gamble, Darjeeling List 57 (1878), nom. nud. Lekh bohori, Kalet, Noom-kung, Lekh bohori, bori. Tree Hackelia Opiz H. uncinata (Royle ex Benth.) C.E.C. Fisch., Kew Bull. 1932: H. uncinata var. brachytuba (Diels) H. Hara, Fl. E. Him ; H. uncinata var. uncinata (Royle ex Benth.) C. E. C. Fisch., Kew Bull. 1932: ; Cynoglossum uncinatum Bentham in Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: ; Eritrichium uncinatum (Bentham) Y. S. Lian & J. Q. Wang; Lappula uncinata (Royle ex Benth.) C. E. C. Fisch., Kew Bull. 1925: PH Myosotis L M. scorpioides L., Sp. Pl. 1: Water Forget-me-not, True Forget-me-not. PH M. sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. 1: DC., Prodr. 10: ; exclud. vars. Victoria blue, Forget me not. PH Onosma L O. hookeri C.B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 4: O. hookeri var. hookeri; O. hookeri var. longiflorum Duthie ex Stapf; B. Mag. 155: subt (1931); O. hookeri ssp. wardii Stapf; O. hookeri var. intermedium I. M. Johnston. PH Tournefortia L T. hookeri C. B. Clarke Fl. Brit. India 4: (Unresolved). Tournefortia hookeri var. subtropica Clarke in Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: Arupate lahara; Tiplo. Herb Trichodesma R.Br T. calycosum Collett & Hemsl. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 28( ): Sub-shrub. 23. BRASSICACEAE Burnett, Outlines Bot.: 854, 1093, Feb 1835, nom. cons., nom. alt. = CRUCIFERAE (the Cabbage or Mustard family). Genus: 10; Species: Brassica L B. juncea (L.) Czern., Consp. Pl. Charc B. juncea var. juncea; Sinapis juncea L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; B. juncea ssp. integrifolia (West) Thellung; B. juncea var. crispifolia L. H. Bailey; B. juncea var. foliosa L. H. Bailey; B. juncea var. gracilis M. Tsen & S. H. Lee; B. juncea var. integrifolia (Stokes) Sinskaya; B. juncea var. japonica (Thunberg) L. H. Bailey; B. juncea var. longidens L. H. Bailey; B. juncea var. longipes M. Tsen & S. H. Lee; B. juncea var. multisecta L. H. Bailey; B. juncea var. multiceps M. Tsen & S. H. Lee; B. juncea var. rugosa (Roxburgh) Kitamura; B. juncea var. strumata M. Tsen & S. H. Lee; B. juncea var. subintegrifolia Sinskaya; B. lanceolata (de Candolle) Lange; B. napiformis (Paillieux & Bois) L. H. Bailey var. multisecta (L. H. Bailey) A. I. Baranov; B. rugosa (Roxburgh) L. H. Bailey; B. taquetii H. Léveillé; B. willdenowii Boissier; Raphanus junceus (Linnaeus) Crantz; Sinapis cernua Thunberg; S. chinensis Linnaeus var. integrifolia Stokes; S. cuneifolia Roxburgh; S. integrifolia West; S. japonica Thunberg; S. lanceolata de Candolle; S. patens Roxburgh; S. ramosa Roxburgh; S. rugosa Roxburgh. Brown mustard; Rai Sarisha. AH B. oleracea L. var. capitata f. alba. Herb B. rapa L. Sp. Pl. 2: Lai Sak. Biennial herb Capsella Medik C. bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Pfl.-Gatt. 1: Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L., Sp. Pl. 2: Shepherd's purse; Chamsure jhar, Kralmund. AH. Abundant Cardamine L C. flexuosa With., Bot. Arr. Br. Pl. ed. 3, 3: ; Kitam. in F. & Fl. Nep. Him ; Banerji in Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 19(2): ; Murata in Acta Phyt. Geobot. 26: C. flexuosa ssp. debilis O. E. Schulz; C. flexuosa ssp. debilis var. occulata (Hornemann) O. E. Schulz; C. flexuosa var.

24 debilis (O. E. Schulz) T. Y. Cheo & R. C. Fang; C. flexuosa var. ovatifolia T. Y. Cheo & R. C. Fang; C. hirsuta ssp. flexuosa (Withering) J. D. Hooker; C. scutata Thunberg ssp. flexuosa (Withering) H. Hara. AH. Abundant C. griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: C. griffithii var. pentaloba W. T. Wang. PH C. hirsuta L., Sp. Pl. 2: C. hirsuta var. formosana Hayata. Hairy Bitter cress; Simrayo. AH C. impatiens L., Sp. Pl. 2: C. impatiens var. angustifolia O. E. Schulz; C. impatiens var. dasycarpa (Marschall von Bieberstein) T. Y. Cheo & R. C. Fang; C. impatiens ssp. elongata O. E. Schulz; C. impatiens var. eriocarpa de Candolle; C. impatiens var. fumaria H. Léveillé; C. impatiens var. microphylla O. E. Schulz; C. impatiens var. obtusifolia Knaf; C. impatiens var. pilosa O. E. Schulz; C. impatiens var. venusta Schult. Sim sag. AH. Less common C. macrophylla Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: ; ssp. polyphylla var. foliosa Hook. f. & T. Anderson, Fl. Br. Ind. 1: C. macrophylla var. crenata Trautvetter; C. macrophylla var. dentariifolia J. D. Hooker & T. Anderson; C. macrophylla var. diplodonta T. Y. Cheo; C. macrophylla var. foliosa J. D. Hooker & T. Anderson; C. macrophylla var. lobata J. D. Hooker & T. Anderson; C. macrophylla var. moupinensis Franchet; C. macrophylla ssp. polyphylla (D. Don) O. E. Schulz; C. macrophylla var. polyphylla (D. Don) T. Y. Cheo & R. C. Fang; C. macrophylla var. sikkimensis J. D. Hooker & T. Anderson; Dentaria macrophylla (Willdenow) Bunge ex Maximowicz. Twelee. PH C. scutata Thunb, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 2: C. scutata var. longiloba P. Y. Fu; C. scutata var. regeliana (Miquel) H. Hara; C. scutata var. rotundiloba (Hayata) T. S. Liu & S. S. Ying. AH C. trifoliolata Hook. f. & Thomson, J. Linn.S. B. 5: PH Crucihimalaya Al-Shehbaz, O'Kane & R.A.Price C. himalaica (Edgew.) Al-Shehbaz, O'Kane & R.A.Price, Novon 9: Arabidopsis himalaica (Edgew.) O.E. Schulz in Engl., Pflanzenr. 86 (IV. 105): ; Arabis himalaica Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: ; Hesperis himalaica (Edgew.) Kuntze; Sisymbrium himalaicum (Edgew.) Hook. f. & Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: Hook. f., l.c PH Draba L D. gracillima Hook.f. & Thoms., Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: Hook. f., l.c PH Erysimum L E. cheiri (L.) Crantz. Cl. Crucif. Emend Cheiranthus x cheiri L., Sp. Pl. 2: Wall flower. PH or US Eruca Mill E. vesicaria (L.) Cav., Descr. Pl E. sativa Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, Lam., F1. Fr. 2: ; Hook.f., l.c. 158; E. vesicaria ssp. sativa 117 (Miller) Thell., Brassica vesicaria L., Sp. Pl ; Euzomum vesicarium (L.) Link; Raphanus vesicarius (L.) Crantz; Velleruca vesicaria (L.) Pomel. AH Lepidium L L. didymum L., Mantiss. 1 : Carara didyma (L.) Britton; Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm, Fl. Brit. 2: ; Senebiera didyma (L.) Pers., Syn.Pl. 2: AH L. sativum L., Sp.P1. 2: ; Gen. Pl. ed. 5: ; Hook.f., l.c. 159; Yonzan et al Chamsur. AH L. virginicum L., Sp. Pl. 2: AH Nasturtium W.T. Aiton N. officinale R. Br. in Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: ; Hook. f., l.c Kulhak, Simrayo. PH. Sparse Rorippa Scop R. dubia (Pers.) H. Hara, J. Jap. B. 30: ; in Fl. E. Him Sisymbrium dubium Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2: ; Nasturtium dubium (Persoon) Kuntze. AH R. indica (L.) Hiern. Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: Clandestinaria indica Spach; Nasturtium indicum (L.) DC.; N. montanum Wall. ex Hook. f. & Thomson; J. Linn. S. B. 5: 139 (1861); Radicula indica (L.) J.M. Macoun; Rorippa indica (L.) L.H. Bailey; R. indica (L.) Hochr.; Sisymbrium indicum L. Sim rayo. AH. 24. BURSERACEAE Kunth, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 2: 346. Jul 1824, nom. cons. (the Frankincense or Torchwood Family). Genus: 3; Species: Boswellia Roxb. ex Colebr B. serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Asiat. Res. 9: 379, t Indian Olibanum, Indian frankincense tree, Frankincense, Indian oilbanum tree, Olibanum, Incense tree, White dammar; Luban; Salai. Tree Canarium L C. bengalense Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed : ; Gamble Goguldhup, Narockpa. Tree C. sikkimense King. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 62(2): Gokuldhup, Narokkung Tree. Rare C. strictum Roxb., Fl. Ind Tree Garuga Roxb G. floribunda Decne. var. gamblei (King ex Smith) Kalkman, Blumea. 7: G. gamblei King ex Smith Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: Dabdabey. Tree. Common G. pinnata Roxb., Pl. Corom. 3: 5, t ; Gamble Dabdabe, Dabdabbi; Gia; Malditkúng. Tree. Common. 25. BUXACEAE Dum. (the Box Family) Genus: 1; Species: Sarcococca Lindl S. pruniformis Lindl. Bot. Reg. 12: t (Unresolved). Chilikat. Shrub. Not very common.

25 26. CACTACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Cactus Family). Genus: 1; Species: Opuntia Mill O. monacantha (Willd.) Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ Cactus monacanthus Willd., Enum. Pl. Suppl CAMPANULACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Bluebell or Bellflower Family). Genus: 5; Species: Campanula L C. pallida Wall. in Asiat. Research. 13: in Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2: ; D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Gaanobuti, Ghante jhar, Nepali bikh. AH Codonopsis Wall. (1824) C. affinis Hook. f. & Thomson, J. Linn. S. B. 2: AC. Endemic. Rare C. dicentrifolia (C.B. Clarke) W.W. Sm. Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: Campanopsis dicentrifolia (C.B.Clarke) Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: ; Wahlenbergia dicentrifolia C.B. Clarke. Fl. Brit. India 3: Climber C. inflata Hook. f. & Thomson in Hook. f., Ill. Him. Pl. t. 16C (1855); in J. Linn. S.B. 2: C. inflata (Hook. f.) C.B. Clarke. Fl. Brit. India 3: Climber. Less common C. javanica (Blume) Hooker f. & Thomson, Ill. Him. Pl. 116, t. 16B PC. Rare Cyananthus Wall. ex Benth C. incanus J. D. Hooker & Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: C. incanus var. decumbens Y. S. Lian; C. incanus ssp. orientalis K. K. Shrestha; C. incanus var. parvus C. Marquand; C. incanus ssp. petiolatus (Franchet) D. Y. Hong & L. M. Ma Lobelia L L. erectiuscula H. Hara, J. Jap. B. 40: ; in Fl. E. Him PH L. inflata L., Sp. Pl Dortmannia inflata (L.) Kuntze; Rapuntium inflatum (L.) Mill. Herb L. montana Reinw. ex Blume. Bijdr Piddingtonia montana (Reinw. ex Blume) Miq.; Pratia montana (Reinw. ex Blume) Hassk., Flora 25, Beibl. 1: 23 (1842); Speirema montanum (Reinw. ex Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson. AH L. nummularia Lam., Encycl. 3: Piddingtonia nummularia (Lam.) A.DC.; Pratia nummularia (Lam.) A. Br. & Asch., Ind. Sem. H. Berol. 1861: app ; Rapuntium nummularia (Lam.) C.Presl. Roundleaf star creeper; Lankasanay, Tilikosyo. PH. Frequent L. pyramidalis Wall., As. Research. 13: ; in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 113 (1824). L. pyramidalis var. wallichiana (C. Presl) Steudel. Eklebir, Ekphaale bish. AH L. rosea Wall. ex Roxb. Fl. ind. 2: Herb L. seguinii H.Lév. & Vaniot. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: L. seguinii f. brevisepala F. E. Wimmer; L. seguinii f. longisepala F. E. Wimmer. AH. Less common L. zeylanica L., Sp. Pl. 2: L. zeylanica var. hirta (L.) Martyn; L. zeylanica var. lobbiana (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) Y. S. Lian.; L. zeylanica f. viridis Hochr. Candollea 5: ; Dortmannia zeylanica (L.) Kuntze; Rapuntium zeylanicum (L.) C. Presl. AH Peracarpa Hook. f. & Thomson P. carnosa (Wall.) Hook. f. & Thomson, J. Linn. S. B. 2: Campanula carnosa Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: ; Peracarpa carnosa var. circaeoides (F. Schmidt) Makino; P. carnosa var. formosana H. Hara. Kali munte. AH. 28. CANNABACEAE Martinov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: Aug 1820, nom. cons. (the Hemp Family). Genus: 2; Species: Aphananthe Planch A. cuspidata (Blume) Planch. Prodr. 17: Gironniera reticulata Thwaites. Lali Cannabis L C. sativa L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: ; Hook. f., l.c.; Cooke, l.c. ssp. indica Lam., Encyc. 1 (2): C. sativa var. indica (Lamarck) E. Small & Cronquist. Bhang, Ghanja/Gagina. AH or shrub. Sparse. 29. CAPPARACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. = CAPPARIDACEAE Juss. Gen ; Ann. Mus ; DC. Prodr (the Caper Family). Genus: 4; Species: Capparis L C. acutifolia Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed Shrub. Common C. brevispina DC., Prodr. 1: Indian Caper. Shrub C. cantoniensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch ; ed. Willd ; DC., Prodr. 1: , "cantonensis"; Merr., Comm. Lour ; Hook. f. et Thoms. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit Ind. l: C. pumila Champ. ex Benth., Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: (Gamble 1878). Shrub C. multiflora J. D. Hooker & Thomson in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 1: Suntri. Shrub C. olacifolia Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Br. Ind. 1: Naski, Hais, Jhenok kúng. Twining shrub. Rare C. sikkimensis Kurz J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43(2): C. cathcarti Hemsl. ex Gamble. Large climbing shrub C. viminea Hook. f. et Thoms., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: , nom. illegit., non Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: ; Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). C. acutifolia ssp. viminea Jacobs. Blumea 12: Chinli, Pundri-kúng. Shrub C. zeylanica L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2: C. horrida Linn.f. Hurhure. Shrub Cleome L C. rutidosperma DC., Prodr. 1: AH. 118

26 C. viscosa L., Sp. P Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: Polanisia viscosa (L.) DC., Prodr. 1: Hurhure, Hurhuwa. AH Crateva L C. religiosa Forst. f. Pl. Escul.: 45 (1786) ("Crataeva"). Purbongnyok. Shrub or short tree C. unilocularis Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Soc. London. 15: Chiple, Chiplekath, Purbongnyok, Bonna, Sipligan, Tailadu. Tree Stixis Lour., S. suaveolens (Roxb.) Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris. 1: Roydsia suaveolens Roxburgh, Pl. Coromandel 3: (Gamble s list). Kasonli-lara, Tunggor-rik. Climber. 30. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. [ Caprifolia ](the Honeysuckle Family) Genus: 5; Species: Abelia R.Br A. serrata Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. 1: Diabelia serrata (Siebold & Zucc.) Landrein, Phytotaxa. 3: ; Linnaea serrata (Siebold & Zucc.) Graebn., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(1): Dwarf abelia. Shrub Dipsacus L D. atratus Hook. f. & Thomson ex C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 3: Virga atrata (J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex C. B. Clarke) Holub. AH D. inermis Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: D. inermis var. mitis (D. Don) Y. Nasir; Virga inermis (Wall.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. (Praha) 8: Himalayan teasel; Ban Karyal. PH Leycesteria Wall L. formosa Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. Carey. 2: ; C.B. Clarke. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: L. formosa var. brachysepala Airy Shaw; L. formosa var. glandulosissima Airy Shaw; L. formosa var. stenosepala Rehder. Himalaya-honeysuckle. Shrub L. gracilis (Kurz) Airy-Shaw, Icon. Pl. 32: t Lonicera gracilis Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 39(2): Shrub. Less common L. stipulata (Hooke.f. & Thoms.) Fritch, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(4): Lonicera stipulata J. D. Hooker & Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: ; Pentapyxis stipulata (J.D. Hooker & Thomson) J.D. Hooker ex C. B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 3(7): Berikuru. Shrub Lonicera L L. acuminata Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: L. acuminata var. depilata P. S. Hsu & H. J. Wang. SC. Less common L. angustifolia Wall. ex DC. Prodr. 4: SC. Less common L. glabrata Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: (Unresolved). Caprifolium glabratum Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: Himalayan honeysuckle. SC. Common L. hispida P.S. Pallas ex Schultes. Syst. Veg. 5: SC L. japonica Thunb., Fl. Jap Japanese honeysuckle. SC L. macrantha (D. Don) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4(2): Caprifolium macranthum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Large-flowered honeysuckle. SC. Less common L. micrantha Trautvetter ex Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. 5: (Not recorded in KEW Plant List). SC Valeriana L V. hardwickii Wall., in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: V. elata D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep Nakkali jatamasi. AH. Rare. 31. CARDIOPTERIDACEAE Blume, Rumphia 3: 205. Jun 1847, nom. cons. Genus: 1; Species: Cardiopteris Benth C. quinqueloba (Hasskarl) Hasskarl, Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 10: Peripterygium quinquelobum Hasskarl, Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 10: CARICACEAE Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 37, , nom. cons. (the Papaya Family). Genus: 1; Species: Carica L C. papaya L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Masters in Hook.f., Fl.Brit.Ind. 2: Papaya Mewa. Tree or shrub. 33. CARLEMANNIACEAE Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 19: Jul 1965 = Rubiaceae. Genus: 1; Species: Carlemannia Benth C. congesta Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 3: PH. Endemic C. griffithii Benth. in Hook., J.B. Kew G. Misc. 5: PH. 34. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Carnation and Pink Family). Genus: 11; Species: Arenaria L A. debilis Hook. f. ex Edgew. & Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: A. debilis Turcz. ex Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: ; Lepyrodiclis debilis H. Ohba. AH Brachystemma D.Don B. calycinum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep AH Cerastium L C. fontanum Baumg., Enum. Strip. Transs. 1: C. fontanum ssp. triviale (Link) Jalas in Arch. Soc. Zool. -Bot. Fenn. Vanamo. 18(1): ; C. vulgatum var. triviale (Link) Edgew. & Hook. f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: excl. basionym, quoad pl. ex India. Common mouse-ear chickweed, Large Mouse Ear. AH C. glomeratum Thuill., Fl. Env. Paris ed. 2: Alsine glomerata (Thuill.) E.H.L. Krause. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2, 5: ; C. glomeratum f. apetalum (Dumort.) Trinajstic. Suppl. Fl. Anal. Jugosl. 5: ; Stellaria glomerata Jess. Deut.

27 Excurs.-Fl Sticky Mouse-ear, Musakane. AH Dianthus L D. barbatus L., Sp. Pl Caryophyllus barbatus Moench; Cylichnanthus barbatus Dulac; Silene barbata E.H.L. Krause, Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2, 5: Sweet William. Herb Drymaria Willd. ex Schult D. cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: D. cordata ssp. diandra (Blume) J. A. Duke, Holosteum cordatum L., Sp. Pl. 1: Abijalo, Peperano, Pothe abhijalo, Tsaa mangma, Warghemba. PH. Abundant D. villosa Chamisso & Schlechtendal, Linnaea. 5: D. villosa ssp villosa Cham. & Schlecht., Ann. Miss. B.G. 48: 226, f. 11, D-E. 1961; Duke. M. Mizush. in J. Jap. B. 38: ; in Fl. E. Him Abhijalo. AH. Abundant Pseudostellaria Pax P. heterantha (Maxim.) Pax. Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 16c: PH P. heterantha var. himalaica Ohwi, Jap. J. B. 9: ; P. heterantha var. nepalensis (Majumdar) H. Hara, J. Jap. B. 51: ; Krascheninikovia heterantha Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 18: PH Sagina L S. japonica (Sw.) Ohwi, J. Jap. B. 13(6): Spergula japonica Swartz, Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: AH S. procumbens L., Sp. Pl. 1: Alsine procumbens Crantz. Inst. Rei Herb. 2: ; Alsinella procumbens Bubani. Fl. Pyren. 3: ; Sagina procumbens var. compacta Lange. Meddel. Grønland 3: PH S. saginoides (L.) H. Karsten, Deutsche Fl Alsine saginoides Crantz., Alsinella saginoides (L.) Greene, Phaloe saginoides (L.) Dumort.; Spergella saginoides (L.) Rchb.; Spergula saginoides L., Sp. Pl. 1: Alpine Pearlwort. PH Saponaria L S. officinalis L., Sp. Pl. 1: Lychnis officinalis (L.) Scopoli. Fl. Carniol. (ed. 2) 1: ; Silene saponaria Fries ex Willkomm & Lange. Bouncing bet, soapwort. AH Silene L S. indica Roxb. ex Otth in DC., Prodr. 1: Herb Spergula L S. arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Edgew. & Hook. f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: Jhyau jhar, Lawangta. AH. Rare Stellaria L S. decumbens Edgew. in Traps. Linn. Soc. 20: ; Edgew. & Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: S. decumbens var. decumbens; S. decumbens var. polyantha Edgeworth & J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: ; S. decumbens var. pulvinata Edgeworth & J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: PH S. lanata Hook. f. ex Edgew. & Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: PH. Rare S. media (L.) Vill, Dist. Pl. Dauph. 3: ; Edgew. & Hook. f, in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: S. media var. media; Alsine media L., Sp. Pl. 1: Boksi Jhar. AH. Abundant S. monosperma Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep PH S. monosperma Buch.-Ham. var. paniculata (Edgew.) Majumdar, J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 44(1): S. paniculata Edgeworth, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: Straggling herb S. patens D. Don, Prodr. F. Nep Herb S. sikkimensis Hook. f. ex Edgew. & Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: (Unresolved). PH. Endemic. Common S. subumbellata Edgew. ex Edgew. & Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: AH S. uliginosa Murr., Prodr. Stirp. Gotting ; Edgew. & Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: S. uliginosa var. undulata (Thunb.) Fenzl in Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 1: , Alsine uliginosa (Murray) E.H.L. Krause.; A. uliginosa (Murray) Britton.; Larbrea uliginosa Rchb. PH S. vestita Kurz, J.B. 11: Herb. 35. CELASTRACEAE R. Br. in M. Flinders, Voy. Terra Austral. 2: Jul 1814, nom. cons. (the Bittersweet Family). Genus: 11; Species: Bhesa Buch.-Ham. ex Arn B. robusta (Roxb.) Ding Hou, Blumea Suppl. 4: ; in Fl. Males. 6: Celastrus robustus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Kurrimia pulcherrima Wall. ex M. A. Lawson, ; Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Kurrimia robusta (Roxburgh) Kurz, J. As. S. Beng. 39(II): Tree Cassine L C. crocera (Thumb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: (Unresolved). Ilex crocea Thumb. Fl. Cap. 1: Tree C. glauca (Rottb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: Elaeodendron glaucum (Rottb.) Pers., Synops. 1: ; Lawson in Hook.f., Fl.Brit. Ind. 1:623, 1875; E. roxburghii Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient (Gamble s list); Mangifera glauca Rottb. in Nye Samml. Vid. Selsk. Skrift t.4, f Chikyeng-kúng. Tree. Not common Celastrus L C. hookeri Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 73: Twining shrub C. monospermus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: Catha monosperma (Roxburgh) Bentham; Monocelastrus monospermus (Roxburgh) F. T. Wang & T. Tang. Tumbrung-rik. Twining shrub. Less common C. paniculatus Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. Wall. 1: ; Gamble Catha paniculata Scheidw., Allg. Gartenzeitung 10: ; Ceanothus paniculatus Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp.

28 ; Scutia paniculata G.Don., Gen. Hist. 2: Ruglim-rik. Twining shrub. Rare C. stylosus Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Cat. 151, n C. stylosus var. stylosus. Sukurruglim-rik. SC. Common Erythropalum Blume E. scandens Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind ; Gamble Suntúngrúng rik. Climber Euonymus L E. attenuates Wall. ex M.A. Lawson, Fl. Brit. India 1: Tree E. bullatus Wall. ex Lodd, Bot. Cab. 18: t Small tree E. echinatus Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. Carey. 2: Lawson in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind.1: ; Gamble 1878; Collett, Fl.Siml ; Brandis, Ind. Trees Sanu-kimú. Epiphytic US E. fimbriatus Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind.ed. Carey ; Lawson in Hook.f., l.c. 611; Rech.f., l.c. 3. E. fimbriatus var. serratus Blakelock. Small tree E. frigidus Wall., in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; in Cat. 150, n. 4288A. 1831, forma elongatus (Cowan & Cowan) H. Hara, Fl. E. Him ; Gamble 1878; E. frigidus var. wardii (W. W. Smith) Blakelock. Shrub to small tree E. hamiltonianus Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. Carey. 2: ; Lawson in Hook.f., l.c E. hamiltonianus f. lanceifolius (Loesener) C. Y. Cheng ex Q. H. Chen; E. hamiltonianus var. pubinervius S. Z. Qu & Y. H. He. Ban Chitu. Shrub to small tree E. macrocarpus Gamble ex Oliv. Hooker's Icon. Pl. 18: t Large climber E. theifolius Wallich ex M. A. Lawson in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 1: , 'theaefolius'; Gamble Shrub or sub-shrub E. tinges Wall., in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; in Cat. 150, n Kasuree, Pheisign. Shrub to small tree E. vagans Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; in Cat. 150, n US. Very common E. viburnoides Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 73: Epiphytic US Lophopetalum Wight ex Arn L. wightianum Arn., Ann. Nat. Hist. 3: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: Wight's lophopetalum 35.7 Maytenus Molina M. hookeri Loes. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed (b): M. hookeri var. longiradiata S. J. Pei & Y. H. Li. Shrub M. kurzii Bennet & K.C.Sahni, Indian Forester 103(6): 388, nom. nov (Unresolved). Maidal Kanra, Phugong-kúng, Rungongzhu. Shrub M. rufa (Wall.) H. Hara, ; J. Jap. B. 40: 327 (1965); in Fl. E. Him. 190 (1966); 2: 72 (1971). Catha rufa (Wall.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 10 (1832); Gymnosporia rufa (Wall.) M. A. Lawson, Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 620 (1875). Tang, Pipala. Shrub or small tree M. sikkimensis (Prain) D.C.S. Raju & Babu, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10: (Unresolved). Gymnosporia sikkimensis Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 121 Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 73: Shrub or small tree. Endemic M. thomsonii (Kurz) Raju & Babu, Bull. B. Surv. Ind. 10: (Unresolved). Deri, Maidal kanra, Rungongzhu. Shrub or small tree Microtropis Wall. ex Meisn M. discolor (Wall.) Wall. ex Meisn. Pl. Vasc. Gen. 2: ; Gamble Cassine discolor Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: Suglimkúng. Shrub or small tree Parnassia L P. mysorensis F. Heyne ex Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient P. nubicola Wall. ex Royle, ; Ill. B. Him. 227, t. 50, f. 3 (1835). Mamira. Common P. wightiana Wall. ex Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or. 35 (1834). Parnassia wightiana var. ornate (Wallich ex Arnott) Drude Reissantia Halle R. arborea (Roxb.) H. Hara, J. Jap. B. 40: ; H. Hara in Fl. E. Him ; 3: ; H. Hara in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: (Unresolved). Pristimera arborea (Roxb.) A. C. Sm., J. Arn. Arb. 25: ; Hippocratea arborea Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 3: Ginari. Tree. Rare Salacia L S. chinensis L., Mant. Pl. 2: S. chinensis var. latifolia (Wall. ex Lawson) T. Chakrabarty & M. Gangopadhyay. Chinese Salacia. SC S. salacioides (Roxb.) R.S. Rao & Hemadri, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 67: (Unresolved). Salacia. SC. 36. CLUSIACEAE Lindl., Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: Jun 1836, nom. cons., nom. alt. (the Mangosteen Family). Genus: 3; Species: Calophyllum L C. polyanthum Wall. ex Choisy, Descr. Guttif. Inde ; Singh in Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. Ind. 3: Kironli, Paiyun kúng, Sunglyernyok, Rate. Tree. Sporadic Garcinia L G. cornea L. Syst. Veg. ed Chunyel. Shrub. Common G. cowa Roxb. ex DC., Prodr. 1: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Singh in Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. Ind. 3: Kau. Dioecious tree. Sporadic G. stipulata (T. Anders.) J. D. Hooker, Fl. British India 1: Dur Lampate, Sanakadan-kúng. Tree. Common G. xanthochymus Hook. f. ex Anderson, Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Singh in Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. Ind. 3: Large tree. Sporadic Mesua L M. ferrea L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Singh in Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. Ind. 3: Assam ironwood; Nag keshar, Rukh keshar. Tree. Less common. Endangered.

29 M. floribunda Wallich, N., Plantae Asiaticae Rariores, 3: t Kayea floribunda Wall. Tree. Rare. 37. COMBRETACEAE R. Br., Prodr.: Mar 1810, nom. cons. (the Indian Almond Family). Genus: 3; Species: Combretum Loefl C. album Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: ; Gang. & Chakrab. in J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 14: Seti lahara. SC. Abundant C. decandrum Roxburgh, Pl. Corom. 1: 43, t C. wallichii DC. var. flagocarpum (Clarke) M. Gangopadhyay & Chakraborty in J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 17(3): Lianas. Common Quisqualis L Q. indica L., Sp.Pl. ed. 2. 1: ; DC.,Prodr.3: , Clarke in Hook.f.,l.c.; Cooke, l.c. Q. indica var. oxypetala Kurz; Q. indica var. villosa (Roxb.) C. B. Clarke, Combretum indicum (L.) Jongkind. Chinese honeysuckle or Rangoon creeper; Rangoon-ke-bel; Malati. SC Terminalia L T. alata Heyne ex Roth, Nov. Pl. Ind. Or (Unresolved). Indian laurel, Asna, Pakhasaj, Saaj, Darsing, Sain, Sas. Tree. Abundant T. arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arm, Prodr Clarke in Hook.f.,l.c.447. Pentaptera arjuna Roxb. Arjun. Tree. Abundant T. bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., Pl. Corom. 2: 54, t ; Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, ; Clarke in Hook.f.,Fl. Brit. Ind Myrobalanus bellirica Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: ["bellirina"]; T. bellirica var. laurinoides (Teijsmann & Binnendijk) C. B. Clarke. Barra, Barro, Bahera. Tree. Abundant T. catappa L., Syst. Nat. ed. l2. 2: 674 ["638"] Brandis, l.c. 307; Clarke in Hook.f.,l.c Juglans catappa (L.) Loureiro; Myrobalanus catappa (L.) Kuntze; Terminalia catappa var. chlorocarpa Hasskarl; T. catappa var. macrocarpa Hasskarl; T. catappa var. rhodocarpa Hasskarl; T. catappa var. subcordata (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Candolle. Kathe badam. Tree T. chebula Retz., Obs. Bot. 5: ; Dalz.& Gibson, Bomb.Fl ; Clarke in Hook. f.,l.c.446. Embryogonia arborea Teijsmann & Binnendijk; Myrobalanus chebula (Retzius) Gaertne. Aroo, Harra. Tree T. crenulata Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp (Unresolved). T. tomentosa auct non Wight & Arn.; Clarke in Hook.f.l.c. 447; Pentaptera crenulata (Roth) DC., Prodr. 3: Laurel; Pakasaj. Tree. Less common T. myriocarpa van Heurck & Müller Argoviensis in Van Heurck, Observ. Bot East Indian almond; Hollock, Panisaaj, Jhaluka, Jhalna. Tree. Common T. tomentosa (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Cat. Ind. Pl (Unresolved). Indian-laurel; Pakasaj, Asna. Tree CONVOLVULACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: 132. Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Morning - glory or Bind-weed Family). Genus: 9; Species: Argyreia Lour., A. hookeri C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 4: Hooker's Woodrose, Hooker's Morning Glory; Suntiki. Herbaceous climber A. roxburghii (Wall.) Arn. ex Choisy. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: A. nasirii D.F. Austin Fl. W. Pakistan 126: ; Convolvulus roxburghii Wall. Numer. List n ; Ipomoea roxburghii Sweet, Hort. Suburb. ed. 2, Fine silver-back vine bud. SC. Endemic. Abundant A. thomsonii (C. B. Clarke) Craib ex Babu, Fl. Bhutan 2(2): (Unresolved). Lettsomia thomsonii C.B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] Convolvulus L C. arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: C. arvensis var. angustatus Ledebour; C. arvensis var. crassifolius Choisy; C. arvensisvar linearifolius Choisy; C. arvensis var. sagittatus Ledebour; C. arvensis var. sagittifoliusturczaninow. Field bindweed. PH, 38.3 Cuscuta L C. chinensis Lamarck, Encycl. 2(1): ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: C. chinensis var. carinata (R. Br.) Engelm.. Common Dodder. Parasitic herb. Rare C. reflexa Roxb., Pl. Corom. 2: 3, t C. reflexa var. anguina (Edgeworth) C.B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 4: ; C. reflexa var. anguina (Edgeworth) Yuncker; C. reflexa var. brachystigma Engelmann; C. reflexa var. reflexa; C. reflexa var. grandiflora Engelmann. Swarnalata, Aakasbeli, Amarlati, Melan mili, Taarghey, Amabel. Parasitic herb. Common Dinetus Buch.-Ham. ex Sweet D. grandiflorus (Wall.) Staples, Fl. Ind., ed. 2: Porana grandiflora Wall., in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 41 (1824); Cat. 36, n ; CB Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: ; Dinetopsis grandiflora (Wall.) Roberty, Candollea 14: Climber. Less common D. racemosus (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Sweet. Brit. Fl. Gard. 2:, pl Porana racemosa Wallich in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. 1820, 2: Simson-rik. PH Erycibe Roxb E. laurifolia D.G. Long, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(1): (Unresolved) E. paniculata Roxburgh, Pl. Corm. 2: 31, t ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: (Unresolved). SC Ipomoea L I. aquatica Forsk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab Water Spinach; Kalmi Sak. Herbaceous trailing vine I. batatas (L.) Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl. 1: (Unresolved). Commonly cultivated I. carnea Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib I. carnea ssp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) in DC., Prodr.

30 9: Bush morning glory; Behaya, Masterphula, Behaya. Large straggling shrub. Abundant Ipomoea cynanchifolia Meisn. Fl. Bras. 7: I. hederifolia L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, Scarlet Creeper, Cardinal's Flower, Red Ipomoea, Scarlet or Red Morning glory; Thulo jayanti phool. AC. Common I. indica (Burmann) Merrill, Interp. Rumph. Herb. Amb Convolvulus indicus J. Burman, Index Univ. Herb. Amb. 7: P. indica (J. Burman) R. C. Fang. Blue dawn flower. Twining herb I. nil (L.) Roth, Cat. B. 1: I. nil var. setosa (Blume) Boerlage; Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: AH. Common I. plebeia R. Brown, Prodr Bell vine. AH. Less common I. purpurea (L.) Roth., B. Abh ; Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: Convolvulus purpureus L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: ; Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt, H. Suburb. Calc AC. Common I. quamoclit L., Sp. Pl ; Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed Carey & Wall. 1: , Clarke in Hook. f., l.c Chotaki gurubans, Taru-Lata. AC. Common I. turbinata Lagasca, Gen. Sp. Pl AC Merremia Dennst. ex Endl M. hirta (L.) Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 7: Convolvulus hirtus L., Sp. Pl. 1: Herb. Abundant M. poranoides (C.B. Clarke) Hall.f., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: ; Staples Ipomoea poranoides C.B. Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4: ; Staples Climbing herb M. umbellata (L.) Hallier f. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16(4-5): 552, in obs M. umbellata var. orientalis H. Hallier, Verslag Staat Lands Plantentuin Buitenzorg (1896). Herb. Abundant M. vitifolia (Burn f.) H. Hallier, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: Convolvulus vitifolius Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 45.t ; Ipomoea vitifolia (Burm. f.) Blume, Bijdr ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: ; Ipomoea vitifolia (Burm. f.) Sweet. Grapeleaf Wood Rose. Twining shrub Poranopsis Roberty P. paniculata (Roxb.) Roberty, Candollea 14: Dinetus paniculatus (Roxb.) Sweet; Porana paniculata Roxb. Pl. Coromandel 3: 31, pl ; Choisy in DC., Prodr. 9: ; Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: Bridal creeper; Singhane Lahara. SC. Common Rivea Choisy R. roxburghii Prain ex D. Brandis, Indian Trees (Unresolved); Chaudhury R. Roxburghii, Prain. in Nov. Ind. 8, 89; R. ornate Chois. Convol. Or. 409; Boyle III. 307 (Gamble s list). SC CORNACEAE Bercht. & J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin 2(23): 91, , nom. cons. (the Dogwood or Nyssa Family). Genus: 4; Species: Alangium Lam A. alpinum (C.B. Clarke) W.W. Sm. & Cave, Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 6: 96, t Marlea begoniifolia Roxburgh var. alpina C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: ; M. alpina (C. B. Clarke) Brandis. Mountain Alangium; Galasune. Tree. Less common A. chinense ssp. chinense (Lour.) Harms in Ber. Deuts. B. Ges. 15: Stylidium chinense Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: ; Alangium begoniifolium (Roxb.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 6: ; A. chinense var. taiwanianum (Masamune) Koidzumi; A. taiwanianum Masa mune; Marlea begoniifolia Roxburgh Akhane, Bhalu paile, Galsune, Luma shing. Small tree Aucuba Thunb A. himalaica Hook.f. & Thums., Ill. Himal. Pl. t Aucuba himalaica var. himalaica. Shrub or small tree Cornus L C. capitata Wall. ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. Carey. 1: Brandis, For. Fl ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: Benthamia capitata (Wallich) Nakai; B. fragifera Lindley; Benthamidia capitata (Wall.) H. Hara, J. Arn. Arb. 29: 115 (1948); in Fl. E. Him. 2: 92, t. 4a (1971); Cynoxylon capitata (Wall.) Nakai in Cat. Sem. et Spor. Hort. Bot. Univ. Tokyo ; Dendrobenthamia capitata (Wall.) Hutch. in Ann. Bot. N.S Evergreen dogwood; Bamora, Thammal, Ramkattar, Tongl-kúng. Tree. Common C. controversa Hemsl. Bot. Mag. 135: t Swida controversa (Hemsl.) Soják, Novit. Bot. Delect. Seminum Horti Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag. 1960: ; S. controversa (Hemsl.) Moldenke, Phytologia 17(2): Wedding cake tree, Giant Dogwood. Tree C. macrophylla Wall. ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. Carey. 1: ; Brandis, l.c. 252; C.B. Clarke in Hook.f., l.c. C. macrophylla var. stracheyi C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 2: ; C. stracheyi (C. B. Clarke) Hemsley; C. macrophylla var. macrophylla; C. alpina W. P. Fang & W. K. Hu; C. brachypoda C.A. Meyer (1845), not Miquel (1865); C. corynostylis Koehne; C. crispula Hance; C. longipedunculata W. P. Fang & W. K. Hu; C. longipetiolata Hayata; C. taiwanensis Kanehira; Swida alpina (W. P. Fang & W. K. Hu) W. P. Fang & W. K. Hu; Bothrocaryum longipetiolatum (Hayata) Pojarkova; S. macrophylla (Wallich) Soják; S. macrophylla var. longipedunculata (W. P. Fang & W. K. Hu) W. P. Fang & W. K. Hu; Swida stracheyi (C. B. Clarke) Soják. Bangi Kath, Patmero. Tree, rarely shrub. Not common Nyssa Gronov. ex L N. javanica (Blume) Wangerin in Engler, Pflanzenr. 41(IV. 220a): Agathisanthes javanica Blume, Bijdr ; Ceratostachys arborea Blume; Daphniphyllopsis capitata Kurz

31 (Gamble s list); Ilex daphniphylloides Kurz; Nyssa arborea (Blume) Koorders; N. bifida Craib; N. sessiliflora J.D. Hooker & Thomson. Gen. Pl. 1: Kaley, Chilauni, Lekh Chilauney, Pasjamshing, Tumbrúngkúng. Tree N. sylvatica Marshall, Arbust. Amer N. multiflora Wang. Black tupelo, Black gum. Tree. 40. CRASSULACEAE J. St.-Hil., Expos. Fam. Nat. 2: 123. Feb Apr 1805, nom. cons. ( the orpine family). Genus: 4; Species: Bryophyllum Salisb B. pinnatum (Lam.) Oken, Allgem. Naturgesch. 3(3): 1966 (1841). Crassula pinnata L.f., Suppl. Pl ; Parad. Lond. t ; Kalanchoe pinnata (L.f.) Persoon. Air Plant, Life Plant, Miracle Leaf, Goethe Plant, Pathar Kuchi. PH Kalanchoe Adans K. laciniata (L.) DC, Pl. Hist. Succ. plate ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: Herb K. lanceolata (Fask.) Pers. Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 446 (1805). Cotyledon lanceolata Forssk. 1775; Verea lanceolata (Forssk.) Spreng. (1825). AH Rhodiola L R. chrysanthemifolia (H. Léveillé) S. H. Fu, Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: Sedum chrysanthemifolium H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: PH R. quadrifida (Pallas) Schrenk in Fisch. & C. A. Meyer, Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: PH R. sinuata (Royle ex Edgew.) S. H. Fu, Acta Phyt. Sin. Addit. 1: Sedum sinuatum Royle ex Edgeworth, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: ; S. linearifolium Royle var. sinuatum (Edgeworth) Raymond-Hamet. Trifid Sedum. PH Sedum L S. multicaule Wall. ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. 26 (misc.): S. multicaule ssp. multicaule. PH S. quadrifidum Pall., Reise. 3: ; C. B. Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: PH. 41. CUCURBITACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Cucumber family). Genus: 27; Species: Biswarea Cogn B. tonglensis (C. B. Clarke) Cogn. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: ; in Bull. S.B. Belg. 21(2): ; in Engl., Pflreich. IV 275-II (Ht. 88): Warea tonglensis C. B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: ; in Hook, f., Fl. Brit. India 2: Rare Cayaponia Silva Manso C. laciniosa (L.) C. Jeffrey. Kew Bull. 15: Bryonia laciniosa L. Sp. Pl ; Bryonopsis laciniosa (L.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. IV, 12: Climber. Sparse Citrullus Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh C. lanatus var. lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai. Index Seminum (TI) 1916: Momordica lanata Thunb. Prodr. Pl. Cap Citrullus colocynthis Schrader var. lanatus 124 (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai. AH. Commonly cultivated or escaped Coccinia Wight & Arn C. grandis (L.) Voigt, H. Suburb. Calc Bryonia grandis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 640; Mant. Pl. 1: ; Cephalandra indica Naudin, Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 5.5: , nom. illeg. superfl. Clarke in Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 2: Scarlet gourd. Gol kankri,kundri, Tela- Kucha. PC. Abundant Cucumis L C. melo Sp. Pl ; Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: Wild melon, Musk melon; Thulo airelu. Climber Cucurbita L C. maxima Duchesne, Essai Hist. Nat. Courges. 7, C. pepo L. var. maxima (Duchesne) Delile. Climber Cyclanthera Schrad C. pedata (L.) Schrad. in Linnaea 8. Litt. Ber Momordica pedata L., Sp. Pl. 2: AH. Common Diplocyclos (Endl.) T. Post & Kuntze D. palmatus (L.) C. Jeffery, in Kew Bull. 15: Bryonia palmata L. Sp. Pl PC. Common Edgaria C.B. Clarke E. darjeelingensis C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. S. B. 15: (publ. 1876); in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 2: ; Renner E. darjeelingensis C.B. Clarke var. clarkeana S. N. Biswas, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 18(1): 173, f. A (as clarkiana). Herpetospermum darjeelingense (C.B. Clarke) H. Schaef. & S.S. Renner, comb. nov., Taxon 60(1): ; EAC. Endemic. Abundant Gomphogyne Griff G. cissiformis Griff., Pl. Cantor. 26, in adnot., t ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 2: Climber. Common Gymnopetalum Arn G. cochinchinense (Lour.) Kurz, Flora 54: 29 (1871). G. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Kurz in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 40: ; Clarke in Hook/, Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Bryonia cochinchinensis Lour., Fl Cochinch Climber. Common Gynostemma Blume G. pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, B. Mag. Tokyo 16: Vitis pentaphylla Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, ; G. pedatum Blume, Bijdr ; Clarke in Hook, f., Fl. Brit. India 2: Sweet Tea Vine; Churcharay lahara. PH. Very common Herpetospermum Wall H. pedunculosum (Ser.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 8: Bryonia pedunculosa Seringe in Candolle, Prodr. 3: ; H. caudigerum Wall. ex C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 2: Beej Karela. AC. Rare H. tonglense (C.B. Clarke) H. Schaef. & S.S. Renner, Taxon 60(2): Kew plant list accepted both H. tonglense and B. tonglensis listed above.

32 41.14 Hodgsonia Hook.f. & Thomson H. macrocarpa (Bl.) Cogn. Trichosanthes macrocarpa Bl; Hodgsonia heteroclita Hook. f. and Thomson. in Proc. Linn. Soc. London 2: ; Clarke in Hook. F1. Brit. India 2: Ghyu phal, Ban pharsi, Gulur. Climber. Less common Luffa Mill L. acutangula (L.) Roxb., Hort. Beng Cucumis acutangulus L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; L. acutangula var. subangulata (Miquel) Cogniaux. AC. Cultivated. Abundant in foothills L. aegyptiaca Miller, Gard. Dict ed 8 4: Momordica luffa L., Sp. Pl. 2: Abundant in foothills L. cylindrica (L.) Roem.; Fam. Syn. 2: 63 (1846). L. pentandra Roxb.; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: ; L. racemosa Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: Ghiraunlo. Climber L. echinata Roxb., Hort. Bengal ; Shrestha et al Climbing herb L. graveolens Roxb., Fl. Indica (ed Carey). 3: ; Clarke in Hook, f., Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Shrestha & Kase 1997, Shrestha et al Herb. Common Melothria L M. angulata Chakravarty in J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 50: (Unresolved). Bonkundari, Kudari, Makal, Mahakal. PH. Rare Momordica L M. cochinchinensis (Loureiro) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 3: Muricia cochinchinensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: Climber. Common M. dioica Roxb. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. 4: 605 (1805). Ban-Karala, Sano tite karela. Climber. Less common Mukia Arn M. maderaspatana (L.) Roem., Fam. Syn. Mon. 2: Bryonia scabrella L., ; in L. f., Suppl. Pl. 424 (1781). Melothria maderaspatana (L.) Cogn.; in DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 623 (1881); in Engl., Pflreich. IV-275, 1 (Ht. 66): 126, f. 29 (1916). Mukia scabrella (L. f.) Arn., ; in Hook., J. B. 3: 276 (1841). Matyangre kankri, Nagilangiai. AH. Abundant Neoalsomitra Hutch N. clavigera (Wall.) Hutch., Ann. B. n.s. 6: N. integrifoliola (Cogniaux) Hutchinson; N. tonkinensis (Gagnepain) Hutchinson; Zanonia clavigera Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: ; Alsomitra clavigera (Wallich) M. Roemer; A. integrifoliola (Cogniaux) Hayata; A. pubigera Prain; A. tonkinensis Gagnepain; Gynostemma elongatum Merrill; G. integrifoliolum Cogniaux; Hemsleya elongata (Merrill) Cogniaux; H. henryi Cogniaux. Climber Schizopepon Maxim S. longipes Gagnep., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 24(5): Climber Sechium P. Browne S. edule (Jacq.) Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. 2: ; Sunar et al Sicyos edulis Jacquin, Enum. Syst. Pl Iskus. GC. Abundant Siraitia Merr S. sikkimensis (Chakrav.) C. Jeffrey ex A.M. Lu & J.Q.Li Acta Phytotax. Sin. 31(1): (Unresolved). AC. Endemic Solena Lour S. amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi. Fl. Hassan District Melothria amplexicaulis (Lam.) Cogn. Monogr. Phan. 3: ; M. heterophylla (Loureiro) Cogniaux in DC., Monog. Phan. 3: ; Solena heterophylla Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 2: Herb. Abundant Thladiantha Bunge T. cordifolia (Blume) Cogn., in DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: Luffa cordifolia Blume, Bijdr ; Gymnopetalum piperifolium Miquel; Thladiantha calcarata C. B. Clarke; T. calcarata var. subglabra Cogniaux; T. calcarata var. tonkinensis Cogniaux; T. cordifolia var. tomentosa A. M. Lu & Zhi Y. Zhang; T. cordifolia var. tonkinensis (Cogniaux) A. M. Lu & Zhi Y. Zhang; T. globicarpa A. M. Lu & Zhi Y. Zhang; T. omeiensis T. Y. Zhu; T. tonkinensis Gagnepain; Trichosanthes javanica Miquel. Herb. Common T. dubia Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor ; Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. St. Pétersbourg 2: Gymnopetalum horsfieldii Miq., G. piperifolium Miq. Golden creeper, red hailstone. Climber Trichosanthes L T. cordata Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: T. microsiphon Kurz. Involucraria cordata (Roxburgh) Roemer; Climber. Common T. dioica Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: (Unresolved). Anguina dioica (Roxb.) Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 254: Pointed gourd. PC T. lepiniana (Naud.) Cogn. in A. Candolle & C. Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 3: Involucraria lepiniana Naudin in Huber, Cat Indraynee. Climber. Common T. pilosa Lour. Fl. Cochinch T. ovigera Blume Bijdr Herbaceous climber T. tricuspidata Lour., Fl. Cochinch T. bracteata (Lam.) Voigt, Cat. H. Calc ; T. lepiniana (Naudin) Cogn., in DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: ; T. palmata Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: ; T. pubera Blume, Bijdr ; T. quinquangulata A. Gray, U.S. Exped. B. 1: ; Involucraria lepiniana Naudin, Huber, Cat. 11 (1868); Modecca bracteata Lam., Encycl. 4: Indreni; Makal phal. Climber. Less common T. truncata C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 2: T. crispisepala C.Y. Wu ex S. K. Chen; T. ovata Cogn. in A. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: Herbaceous climber T. wallichiana (Ser.) Wight, Madras J. Lit. Sci. 12: ; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 8: T. bracteata (Lamarck) Voigt var. scotanthus (C. B. Clarke) Handel-Mazzetti; T. grandibracteata Kurz; T. palmata Roxburgh var. scotanthus C. B. Clarke; Involucraria wallichiana Seringe, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 3(1): Indreni. Climber. Less common Zanonia L.

33 Z. indica L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: PC. Common Zehneria Endl Z. bodinieri (H. Lév.) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 32: Climber Z. japonica (Thunb.) H.Y. Liu, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. (Taichung) 1: Z. indica (Lour.) Keraudren; Fl. Camb. Laos & Viet. 15: 52, t. 9, f. 58 (1975); Melothria odorata J. D. Hooker & Taylor ex C. B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 2(6): ; M. indica Lour., Fl. Cochinch ; Cogn. In DC., Mon. Phan. 3: , et in Engl., Pflanzenr. 66 (IV ): ; CB Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: Mouse cucumber. Annual vine Z. maysorensis (Wight & Arn.) Arn., in Hook., J. B. 3: 275 (1841). Bryonia maysorensis Wight & Arn., Prodr Herbaceous climber. Common Z. mucronata (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): Bryonia mucronata Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 15: Pilogyne mucronata (Blume) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes, Reinwardtia 12(5): , nom. inval. Melothria mucronata (Blume) Cogniux in DC., Monog. Phan. 3: Herbaceous vine. Rare. 42. DAPHNIPHYLLACEAE Müll.-Arg. in A.P. de Candolle & A.L.P.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(1): 1. med. Nov 1869, nom. cons. (the daphniphyllum Family). Genus: 1; Species: Daphniphyllum Blume D. himalayense (Benth.) Müll.Arg., in DC., Prodr. 16(1): ssp. himalayense; Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 5: Goughia himalensis Bentham, Hooker s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: Rakta chandan. Tree. Less common. 43. DILLENIACEAE Salisb., Parad. Lond. 2: ad t Jun 1807, nom. cons. (the Dillenia family). Genus: 1; Species: Delima D. sarmentosa Herb. Amb (Unresolved). Monkyourik. Climber. Not common Dillenia L D. indica L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Brandis For. Fl. 1; Majumdar in Sharma, Fl. Ind. 1: D. speciosa Thunberg., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 1: Chalta, Panch-phal, Panchkule, Phamsikol, Ramphal, Mechiaphal, Sun-góm. Tree. Less common D. pentagyna Roxb., Pl. Corom. 1: 21, t ; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: ; ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Majumdar in Sharma et al., Fl. Ind. 1: Akshi, Bon chalta, Tatari, Tantari, Ram phal, Karkotta, Shuknikúng. Tree. Common Tetracera L T. sarmentosa (L.) Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: Delima sarmentosa L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5, App ["sparmentosa"] (Gamble s list). Ssp. 126 andamanica (Hoogl.) not in KEW list. Monkyourk. Shrub and Lianas. 44. DIPTEROCARPACEAE Blume, Bijdr. 4: Sep 7 Dec 1825, nom. cons. (the Meranti Family) Shorea Roxb. ex C.F.Gaertn. Genus: 2; Species: S. robusta C. F. Gaertner, Suppl. Carp ; Sivaramakrishnan 1996; Kushwaha & Nandy Sal, Saal, Sakhuwa, Taksal-kúng, Sasingba, Phoksing, Solam, Koraila. Tree. Abundant Vatica L V. lanceifolia (Roxb.) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: Vateria lanceifolia Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: Tree. Critically Endangered. 45. DROSERACEAE Salisb., Parad. Lond. 2: ad t Feb 1808, nom. cons. (the Sundew Family). Genus: 1; Species: Drosera L D. burmannii Vahl., Symb. Bot. 3: Burmann's sundew. AH. Common. 46. EBENACEAE Gürke in Engler & Prantl., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4/1: , nom. cons. (Persimmon or ebony family). Genus: 1; Species: Diospyros L D. montana Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1: Mottled Ebony; Tamal. Small tree. Rare. 47. ELAEAGNACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789; nom. cons. Hippophaeaceae G.Mey., Chloris Han.: 456, 460. Jul Aug 1836 (the oleaster family). Genus: 1; Species: Elaeagnus L E. conferta Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 1: SC. Less common E. latifolia L., Sp. Pl Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. Bastard Oleaster: Wild Olive: Bastard Olive. Small tree E. pyriformis Hooker f. in Fl. Brit. India 5: Shrub. Rare. 48. ELAEOCARPACEAE Juss. in A.P. de Candolle, Essai Propr. Méd. Pl., ed. 2: Mai 1816, nom. cons. (the Elaeocarpus Family). Genus: 2; Species: Echinocarpus E. dasycarpus Benth. J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5 (suppl. 2): ["dasycarpa"]; Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). Sloanea dasycarpa (Bentham) Hemsley, Hooker's Icon. Pl. 27(2):, pl. 2628, in nota Be-it- kúng, Taksal, Gobria. Tree. Common E. sterculiaceus Bentham. J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5(Suppl. 2): (Unresolved). Sloanea sterculiacea (Benth.) Rehder & E.H. Wilson. Banj, Gobre. Tree E. tomentosus Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5(Suppl. 2): ; Gamble 1878 (unresolved). Sloanea tomentosa (Benth.) Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 2: Kaktay, Taksorkúng. Tree. Rare Elaeocarpus L.

34 E. lanceifolius Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed : [ lanceaefolius ]; Gamble Bhadras, Batrachi, Shepkyew-kúng. Tree. Less common E. prunifolius Wall. ex Müll.Berol. Annot. Elaeocarp Tree. Vulnerable E. rugosus Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed : (Unresolved). Tree. Vulnerable E. sikkimensis Masters in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 1: Bhadrase. Tree. Common E. tectorius (Lour.) Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Suppl. 2: E. robustus Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: (Gamble s list). Bepari. Tree E. varunua Buchanan-Hamilton ex Masters in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 1: Bhadrase. Tree. Less common. 49. ERICACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Blueberry or Heath Family). Genus: 11; Species: Agapetes G.Don A. hookeri (C.B.Clarke) Sleumer Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 70: Pentapterygium hookeri C.B. Clarke. Epiphyte. Endemic. Less common A. incurvata (Griff.) Sleumer, B. Jahrb. 70: A. incurvata var. hookeri (Griff.) Sleumer, Kew Bull. 13: ; Gaylussacia incurvata Griffith, Ic. Pl. Asiat. 4: t ; Pentapterygium rugosum (J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex Hooker) J. D. Hooker; Vaccinium rugosum J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex Hooker. Shrub. Less common A. saligna (Hook. f.) Hook. f. ex Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: Vaccinium salignum Hook. f. 3. Himal. Pl. t. 15A Shrub A. serpens (Wight) Sleumer, B. Jahrb. 70: ; Sinha Vaccinium serpens Wight, Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 8: ; Pentapterygium serpens (Wight) Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: Himalayan lantern; Bandare khorsane, Khursani, Kaliharchu, keemboden. Epiphyte. Endemic. Less common A. smithiana Sleumer in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 70: [a new name for Pentapterygium sikkimense W.W. Sm. in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: (based on specimens collected by Charles Gilbert Rogers from lower Tonglu in 1899)]. Epiphyte. Endemic Cassiope D.Don C. fastigiata (Wall.) D. Don, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 17: ; C.B. Clarke, l.c. 459; Brandis, Ind. Trees Andromeda fastigiata Wall. in Asiat. Research. 13: Shrub Diplycosia D. indica Debta & Chowdhery, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3(1): New record. [Heterotypic synonym Gaultheria akaensis Panda & Sanjappa, Edinburgh J. Bot. 63: (Panda et al. 2012)]. Shrub. Endemic Enkianthus Lour E. deflexus (Griff.) C.K. Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubh. 2: E. deflexus var. deflexus; E. deflexus var. variegatus (Forrest) Forrest; E. himalaicus Hook. f. & Thomson, in Hook., J. B. Kew Misc. 7: 125, t. 3 (1855); Rhodora deflexa Griffith, 127 Itin. Pl. Khasyah Mts. [Posthum. Papers 2]: ; Meisteria deflexa (Griff.) Nakai, ; B. Mag. Tokyo 38: 39 (1924). Rato angeri. Tree Gaultheria Gaultheria Kalm ex L G. akaensis S.Panda & Sanjappa, Edinburgh J. Bot. 63: Diplycosia indica M. R. Debta & H. J. Chowdhery, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3: (both accepted by KEW). Shrub. Endemic. Critically endangered G. fragrantissima Wall., As. Research. 13: 397, t. 1820; Cat. 23, n ; Bantawa & Mondal 2008; Bantawa 2009; Bantawa et al Gaultheria fragrans D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 151 (1825), nom. illegit. Arbutus laurifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 151 (1825), pro syn. Indian Wintergreen, Fragrant Wintergreen; Kaloma, Jathyroid, Machino, Dhasingare, Goenhli, Chanchhewaa, Wel-kaparu. PH. Endemic. Less common G. griffithiana Wight, Calc. J. Nat. Hist. 8: ; Ic. Pl. As. Or. 4: t G. griffithiana var. griffithiana. Shrub, rarely small tree G. hookerii C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 3: G. fragrantissima Wall. var. racemosa Hook.f. ex C.B. Clarke (1882: 458). G. hookeri var. hookeri; Panda Kalum, Kalumba, Pochu. Shrub. Rare G. nummularioides D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal G. nummulariae DC.; Brossaea nummulariodes Kuntze; Shrub. Abundant G. pyroloides Hook. f. & Thomson ex Miq., Ann. Mus. B. Lugd.-Bat. 1: , quoad pl. sikkim., emend. Takeda in B. Mag. Tokyo 32: G. pyrolaefolia Hook. f. ex C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 3: Miquel s spicy or Japanese wintergreen. Shrub. Less common G. semi-infera (C. B. Clarke) Airy Shaw, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1940: Diplycosia semi-infera C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker. Fl. Brit. India 3: Shrub G. trichophylla Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts Brossea trichophylla (Royle) O. Kuntze. Shrub G. vaccinoides Griseb. ex Wedd., Chlor. Andina. 2: G. vaccinoides var. humilis Wedd., Chlor. Andina. 2: Shrub Lyonia Nutt L. ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude, in Engl., Pflfam. 4(1): L. ovalifolia var. lanceolata (Wallich) Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: ; Pieris ovalifolia var. lanceolata (Wall.) C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 3: ; Xolisma ovalifolia (Wall.). Rehder, J. Arn. Arb. 5: Angeri, Balijhar, Jagguchal, Kangshior, Piasay. Tree. Frequent L. villosa (Wall. ex C.B. Clarke) Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7(4): Xolisma villosa (Hook. f.) Rehder; J. Arn. Arb. 5: 53 (1924). Hairy staggerbush; Lek angeri. Shrub or small tree Monotropa L M. uniflora L., Sp. Pl. 1: Herb. Rare Monotropastrum Andres

35 M. humile (D. Don) H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 36: Monotropa humilis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Cheilotheca humilis (D. Don) H. Keng. Myco-heterotrophic Pieris D.Don P. formosa (Wall.) D. Don, Edinb. New Philos. J. 17: ; CB Clarke in Hook. F. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: Pieris formosa var. forrestii (Harrow) Airy Shaw; Andromeda formosa Wallich, Asiat. Res. 13: ; Lyonia formosa (Wallich) Handel- Mazzetti. Chinese pieris, Himalayan pieris, Lily of the valley bush; Lekh angeri, Peyru. Shrub or small tree. Endemic. Rare Rhododendron L R. anthopogon D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 3: ; Sekar & Srivastava 2010; Bhattacharyya R. anthopogon var. album Davidian; ssp. hypenanthum (Balf. f.) J. Cullen. Dwarf Rhododendron; Sunpaati. Epiphyte. Dwarf shrub. Vulnerable R. aprade U. Rai et D. Lama, sp. nov (2016). New record (not in KEW list). Small tree. Endemic R. arboreum Smith, Exot. Bot. 1: 9, t ; C.B. Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: R. arboreum var. arboretum (C. B. Clarke) Ridley; R. arboreum var. cinnamomeum (Wallich ex G. Don) Lindley, Edwards s Bot. Reg. 23: t ; R. arboreum var. roseum Lindley, Edwards s Bot. Reg. 15: t ; R. arboreum var. album Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: 23, t ; R. arboreum ssp. campbelliae (Hook. f.) Tagg,; J. B. Stevenson (ed.), Sp. Rhod ; R. arboreum var. campbelliae (Hook. f.) Hook. f. ex Lacaita, ; J. Linn. S. B. 43: 472/ 1916, nom. nud. Spring Fl. Sik. Him. f. 57, 62 & ; R. arboreum ssp. cinnamomeum (Wall. ex G. Don) Tagg, J. B. Stevenson (ed.), Sp. Rhod ; R. arboreum ssp. nilagiricum Zenk. Ghosh & Saha Etometo, Lali Gurans, Lalguras, Laligurans, Bhorans, Dotial, Rato gurans; Taggu; Baras; Al-etok-koong; Etok. Tree. Frequent R. arboreum Smith ssp. arboreum Pradhan & Lachungpa, Sikkim Himal. Rhod Common R. arboreum Smith ssp. cinnamomeum (Wallich ex G. Don) Tagg, Sp. Rhodod. 15: = R. arboreum var. cinnamomeum (Wall. ex G. Don) Lindl.; R. cinnamomeum Wallich ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 3: ; R. arboreum ssp. campbelliae (J.D. Hooker) Tagg, Sp. Rhodod Common, but the white form very rare R. arboreum ssp. cinnamomeum var roseum (Pradhan et al. 2015) R. arboreum ssp. delavayi (Franch.) D.F. Chamberlain, in J.L. Luteyn, Contrib. Classif. Rhod = R. delavayi var. delavayi. Vulnerable R. barbatum Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: ; C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 3: Bhattacharyya R. lancifolium Hook. f., Rhod. Sik. Him. n. 3, t , not Moench (1794). Chimaal, Lal Chimal, Nyapu, Taaktibung, Kaalmaa, Kamu, Taangmaar, Lali Gurans. Large shrub or small tree. Common above 3,000m. Vulnerable R. camelliiflorum Hooker f. Rhododendron Sikkim Himalaya 3:, pl. 28 & New record (Thapa 2016) R. campanulatum D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. S. 3: ; Prodr. Fl. Nep ; 1821; C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: ; Bhattacharyya R. campanulatum ssp. campanulatum (Batalin) H. Hara; R. campanulatum var. campanulatum; R. campanulatum var. aeruginosum (J. D. Hooker) Cowan & Davidian; R. campanulatum var. wallichii D. Don, B. Mag. 82: t Chimal, Nilo chimal, teotosa. Shrub. Common at higher elevations. Vulnerable R. campanulatum ssp. aeruginosum (J. D. Hooker) D.F. Chamberlain, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 37: R. campylocarpum Hook.f., Rhododendr. Sikkim-Himalaya. 3: t Shrub R. ciliatum Hook. f., Rhod. Sik. Him. n. 26, t Junge chimal. Shrub R. cinnabarinum Hook. f., Rhod. Sik. Him. n. 8, t ; C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: ; Bhattacharyya R. cinnabarinum ssp. cinnabarinum (Batalin) H. Hara; ssp. xanthocodon (Hutch.) Cullen. Balu, Sanu chimal, Kechung, Kema. Shrub. Sparse. Near threatened R. cinnabarinum var. roylei (Hook. f.) Hutch. Sp. Rhodod R. roylei Hook, f. Rhododendron Sikkim Himalaya 1:, pl Shrub R. dalhousii Hook. f., Rhod. Sik. Him. n. 1, t. 1 & [ dalhousiae ]; C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit India 3: R. dalhousieae var. dalhousieae; R. dalhousieae var. rhabdotum (I. B. Balfour & R. E. Cooper) Cullen, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 36: Laharey chimal. Shrub. Endemic. Rare R. decipiens Lacaita, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 43: (Unresolved); De et al Jhukaune Korlinga. Shrub or small tree. Very sparse. Endangered R. edgeworthii Hook.f., Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya. 3: t ; C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: ; Sinha Edgeworth ko Chimal, Guras. Shrub, often epiphytic. Endangered R. falconeri Hook.f., Rhod. Sik. Him. n. 11, t (Unresolved); C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: ; De et al. 2010; Bhattacharyya Pahelo Kurlinga, Kegu, Kalma. Tree. Abundant R. fulgens Hook.f., Rhod. Sik. Him. n. 27, t ; C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India, 3: ; De et al. 2010; Bhattacharyya Brilliant Rhododendron, Chireal, Chimal, Pahelo Korlingo. Shrub. Critically Endangered R. glaucophyllum Rehder, J. Arn. Arb. 26: (Unresolved). R. glaucum Hook. f.; Rhod. Sik. Him. n. 18, t Takma chimal. Shrub R. grande Wight, Calc. J. Nat. Hist. 8: ; Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 4: t ; C. B. Clarke in

36 Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: ; De et al. 2010; Bhattacharyya Kali Guras, Patle Korlinga, Putlinga, Etokamal. Tree. Common R. grande var singalense Rai et al 2014 var. nov (New record not in KEW list). Tree. Rare R. griffithianum Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 4: t ; C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: Seto Chimal. Shrub or small tree. Sparse. Near Threatened R. hodgsonii Hook. f., Rhod. Sik. Him. 2: t ['hodgsoni']; C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: ; Bhattacharyya Gulabi Korlinga. Shrub or small tree. Sparse. Near Threatened R. lepidotum Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: ; C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: ; Bhattacharyya R. lepidotum var. elaeagnoides Wall. ex G. Don, G. Comp. 30, f. 1852; R. lepidotum var. obovatum Wall. ex G. Don, B. Mag. 105: t Slender-fruited Rhododendron, Jhinophale Gurans, Bhale Sunpati, Bolu mendo, Aakrulu Saluma; Bhale sunpatey; Tasluma, Tsuma, Tsaluma. Small shrub. Common R. leptocarpum Nuttall, Hooker s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: Slender-fruited Rhododendron; Jhinophale Gurans. Epiphytic shrub. Rare. Critically endangered R. lindleyi T. Moore, G. Chron. 1864: R. bhotanicum C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 3: Sano lahare chimal. Shrub, often epiphytic. Vulnerable R. lowndesii Davidian, Not. B. G. Edinb. 21: (Unresolved). Shrub R. maddeni Hook. f. Rhododendr. Sikkim- Himalaya. 2: t R. maddenii ssp. maddenii (Batalin) H. Hara; R. maddenii var. longiflorum W. Watson; De et al Major Madden s Rhododendron, Major Madden ko Chimal. Shrub. Critically endangered R. nilagiricum Zenker, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 2, 6: (Unresolved). R. arboreum ssp. nilagiricum (Zenker) Tagg, J. B. Stevenson, Sp. Rhodod Tree R. niveum Hook.f. Rhododendr. Sikkim- Himalaya t De et al. 2010; Bhattacharyya Snow-leaved Rhododendron, Hiun-pate Gurans. Shrub or tree. Extremely rare. Critically endangered R. pendulum Hook. f., Rhod. Sik. Him. n. 14, t De et al Pendulous Rhododendron, Jhundinai Chimal. Epiphytic shrub. Vulnerable R. pumilum Hook.f. Rhododendron Sikkim Himalaya 2, pl (Pradhan et al. 2015). Dwarf shrub R. setosum D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 3: ; De et al Bristly Rhododendron. Shrub R. sikkimense Pradhan & Lachungpa Sikkim-Himalayan Rhododendrons (Unresolved); De et al Shrub. Endangered R. thomsonii Hook. f., Rhod. Sik. Him. n. 13, t ; Bhattacharyya Dr. Thomsonko Gurans; Gurans. Shrub. Common R. triflorum Hook. f., Rhod. Sik. Him. n. 20, t ; C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: ; De et al R. triflorum ssp. triflorum. Pahenle Chimal. Shrub or rarely small tree. Vulnerable R. vaccinioides Hook. f., Rhodendr. Sikkim Himalaya 3: 1851; C.B. Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India. 3: Khiaune-pate Gurans. Dwarf shrubs, sometimes epiphytic or lithophytic often pendulous. Sparse. Near threatened R. virgatum Hook. f., Rhododendr. Sikkim- Himalaya. 3: t. 26(A) Small shrub R. wallichii Hook.f., Rhododendr. Sikkim- Himalaya. 1: t ; C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: R. campanulatum D. Don var. wallichii (J. D. Hooker) Hooker. Dr. Wight s Rhododendron, Wight ko Gurans; Dr. Wallich ko chimal. Shrub. Critically Endangered R. wightii Hook. f., Rhod. Sik. Him. n. 30, t Wight s Rhododendron. Shrub or small tree. Not common. Vulnerable Vaccinium L V. nummularia Hook. f. & Thomson ex C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 3: Shrub V. pedata (Not recorded in the Kew list). Shrub. Rare (Das et al. 2008) V. retusum (Griff.) Hook. f. ex C.B.Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 3: Thibaudia retusa Griffith, Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: Shrub. Endemic. Common V. vacciniaceum (Roxb.) Sleumer, B. Jahrb. 71: 479 (1941). V. vacciniaceum forma hispidum H. Hara, Fl. E. Him. 242 (1966); 2: ; V. vacciniaceum forma vacciniaceum (Roxb.) Sleumer, B. Jahrb. 71: ; V. vacciniaceum ssp. glabritubum P. F. Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 66 (4): Charu. Shrub. Common. 50. EUPHORBIACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Spurge Family). Genus: 22; Species: Alchornea Sw A. tiliifolia (Benth) Müll.Arg. Linnaea 34: ; Gamble 1878 (tiliæfolia). Stipellaria tiliifolia Benth. Hooker s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: Chhota Kagshi. Shrub or small tree Balakata Esser B. baccata (Roxburgh) Esser, Blumea. 44: Sapium baccatum Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: ; Carumbium baccatum (Roxburgh) Kurz; Excoecaria baccata (Roxburgh) Müller Argoviensis (Gamble s list). Pudlikat, Lal Kainjal. Tree. Common Baliospermum Blume B. calycianum Müll.Arg., Flora. 47: B. calycinum var. corymbiferum (J. D. Hooker) Chakrabarty & N. P. Balakrishnan; B. calycinum var. densiflorum (D. G. Long) Chakrabarty & N. P.

37 Balakrishnan; B. calycinum var. effusum (Pax & K. Hoffmann) Chakrabarty & N. P. Balakrishnan; B. calycinum var. micranthum (Müller Argoviensis) Chakrabarty & N. P. Balakrishnan. Shrub B. calycinum Mull. Arg. var. racemiferum Bhujel & Yonzone, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 18(3): (Not in KEW list). Shrub. Endemic (Mitra & Mukherjee 2014) B. solanifolium (Burm.) Suresh, Interpret. Rheede's Hort. Malab Croton polyandrum Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 3: (Gamble s list). Poguntig. Shrub Cleidion Blume C. javanicum Blume. Bijdr ; Gamble 1878; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5 (1885) 444; Brandis, Indian trees (1906) 592. Palap-küng. Shrub to tree Croton L C. caudatus Geiseler, Croton. Monogr ; Gamble Akchabrig, Suipari lahara. SC. Common C. persimilis Müll.Arg. Linnaea 34: & DC., Prodr. 15: C. oblongifolius Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 3: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: (Gamble s list). Akh. Small tree C. tiglium L. Sp. Pl Treelet. Common Drypetes Vahl D. assamica (Hook.f.) Pax & K. Hoffm. Pflanzenr. 4, 147, 15: Cyclostemon assamicus Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: Bway Champ, Asura. Tree. Endemic. Rare D. indica (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm. Cyclostemon lancifolius Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: Tree D. subsessilis (Kurz) Pax & K.Hoffm. Pflanzenr. 4, 147, 15: Cyclostemon subsessilis Kurz. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42(2): ; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: (Gamble s list). Tree Endospermum Benth. 1861, conserved name, not Endl (Fabaceae) E. chinense Benth. Fl. Hongk Seti Kath. Tree. Less common Euphorbia L E. antiquorum L. Sp. Pl Tree E. helioscopia L. Sp. Pl. 1: ; Boiss. in DC.,Prodr. 15(2): ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., 5: Euphorbion helioscopium (L.) St.- Lag.; Galarhoeus helioscopius (L.) Haw.; Tithymalus helioscopius (L.) Hill. AH E. hirta L., Sp. Pl. 2: Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millspaugh; E. pilulifera Sensu Boiss. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): ; Hooker, f., FBI (non L. 1753). Asthma plant, Cats hair, Hairy spurge; Ratulo, Kerui; Aankle jhar, Dudhe jhar, Tikapara, Dudhiya, Rani dubi, Sangadare. AH. Abundant E. neriifolia L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Boiss. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): ; Gamble 1878; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: E. ligularia Roxb., Fl. Ind. 130 ed. 2, 2: Indian Spurge Tree, Oleander Spurge, Hedge Euphorbia, Dog s Tongue. Shrub E. orbiculata Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: E. microphylla Heyne in Roth. Nov. Pl. Sp non Lamk. 1786; Hooker f., FBI. 5 : P.P.; Anisophyllum orbiculatum (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke; Chamaesyce orbiculata (Kunth) Soják. AH. Abundant E. pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch in Otto & Dietr. Allgem., Gartenz. 2: Boiss. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): ; Gamble Poinsettia pulcherrima (Willd. ex Klotzsch) Graham, Edinb. New Philos. lourn. 20: Dressler in Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 48(4): Poinsettia. Shrub E. royleana Boiss. Prodr. 15(2): Danda Thor, Churee, Royle's Spurge. Shrub E. sikkimensis Boiss. Prodr. 15(2): Tithymalus sikkimensis (Boiss.) Hurus. & Yu.Tanaka. Sikkim spurge; Dudhe. PH E. stracheyi Boiss. Prodr. 15(2): Tithymalus stracheyi (Boiss.) Hurus. & Yu.Tanaka. Himalayan Prostrate Spurge; Sangmen. PH Flueggea Willd not Rich (Asparagaceae) F. leucopyrus Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Acidoton leucopyrus (Willd.) Kuntze; Cicca leucopyrus (Willd.) Kurz; Phyllanthus leucopyrus (Willd.) D.Koenig ex Roxb.; Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Müll.Arg. Prodr. 15(2): (Gamble s list). Bushweed, Cool pot, Indian snow berry, Thermacole plant, White honey shrub, Achal. Shrub F. virosa (Roxb. ex Willd) Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts F. microcarpa Blume; Securinega obovata (Willd.) Müll.Arg. Prodr. 15(2): ; Phyllanthus virosus Roxburgh ex Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: ; Acidoton virosus (Roxburgh ex Willdenow) Kuntze (Gamble s list). Iktibi. Shrub or small tree Homonoia Lour H. riparia Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: ; Gamble Khola Ruis, Mongthel-küng. Small herb. Common Jatropha L J. curcas L., Sp. Pl Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15(2): ; Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 383; Manihot curcas (L.) Crantz. Physic nut; Bagverendi, Kadam, Sajiwan. Shrub or small tree Lasiococca Hook.f L. symphylliifolia (Kurz.) Hook.f. Hooker's Icon. Pl. 16: Homonoia symphylliifolia Kurz. Flora 58: (Gamble s list). Jagrikat, Bajradanti, Ching-küng. Annual shrub. Endemic. Rare Macaranga Thouars M. denticulata (Blume) Müll.Arg. Prodr. 15(2): ; Gamble M. denticulata (Blume) Müller; Argoviensis var. pustulata (King ex J. D. Hooker) Chakrabarty & M. Gangopadhyay; M. gmelinifolia King ex J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 5:

38 ; M. gummiflora (Miq.) Müll. Arg. Prodr. 15(2): (Gamble s list); M. pustulata King ex Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 5: ; Mappa denticulata Blume. Blistery Macaranga; Jogi Mallata, Mallata, Numro-küng. Tree. Less common M. gamblei Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: Small tree. Endemic M. indica Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5 : Mull. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2) : Gamble 1878; Hook f. Fl. Brit. India 5: Dagdaktiy; Lal Mallata. Tree. Common Mallotus Lour M. nepalensis Mull. Arg., Linnaea 34: Ghoge tank. Shrub or small tree. Abundant M. nudiflorus (L.) Kulju & Welzen, Blumea 52: Trewia nudiflora L., Sp. Pl Müell. Arg. In DC., Prodr. 15(2): ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Garum, Gamari, Gurel, Pitali, Ramritta, Tung-flam-küng. Tree. Common M. oreophilus Müll.Arg. Linnaea 34: ; Gamble Numboongkor. Shrub or small tree M. paniculatus (Lam.) Müll.Arg., Linnaea Croton paniculatus Lamarck, Encycl. 2: ; Mallotus albus (Roxb. ex Jack) Müll.Arg. Linnaea 34: (Gamble s list). Jogi Mallata; Numbong-küng. Shrub or small tree M. peltatus (Geiseler) Müll.Arg. Linnaea 34: M. helferi (Geiseler) Müll.Arg. Linnaea 34: (Gamble s list); Aleurites peltata Geiseler. Croton. Monogr Malata. Tree. Common M. philippensis (Lamarck) Müller Argoviensis, Linnaea. 34: ; Gamble M. philippensis var. philippensis; Croton philippensis Lamarck, Encycl. 2: Kamala tree; Rohini, Sindure, Sindooria; Puroa-küng, Sano Panheli. Tree. Common M. roxburghianus Müll.Arg. Linnaea 34: ; Gamble Kamli Mallata; Phusri Mallata. Shrub. Common Micrococca Benth M. mercurialis (L.) Benth. Niger Fl Claoxylon mercurialis Thw., Enum. Pl. Zeyl ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Tragia mercurialis L., Sp. Pl AH Ostodes Blume O. paniculata Blume, Bijdr ; Gamble O. kerrii Craib; O. thyrsantha Pax. Bepari, Mya, Palok-küng. Tree. Common Putranjiva Wall P. roxburghii Wall., Royle, III. Bot. Himal Mts. 347, t. 83 (4836), Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 5 : 336 (1887), Brandis, Ind. Trees. 568 (1906). Drypetes roxburghii (Wall.) Hurusawa, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3. Bot. 6: Officinal Drypetes; Putranjiva, Pitamaari. Tree Ricinus L R. communis L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Gamble Castor Bean, Castor oil plant, 131 Wonder tree; Orer, Rajlok-küng, Redi or Rerri; Ander, Andi, Yanyan, Iradam, Dhandarobi. Shrub or small tree. Common Sapium Jacq S. sebiferum (L.) Roxb. Hort. Bengal Chinese Tallow tree Tragia Plum. ex L T. involucrata L., Sp. Pl ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: , p.p. Climbing Nettle, Indian stinging nettle, Ut Kateri. PH. Rare Triadica Lour T. cochinchinensis Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 2: Sapium cochinchinense (Loureiro) Pax & K. Hoffmann (1912), not (Loureiro) Kuntze (1898); S. eugeniifolium Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Shirakia cochinchinensis (Loureiro) Hurusawa. Phirphire, Pipalpate. Tree. Less common Vernicia Lour V. fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw Kew Bull. 20: Aleurites fordii Hemsl. Hooker's Icon. Pl. 29: t Tung. Tree. 51. FABACEAE Lindl., Edwards s Bot. Reg. 22: ad t Apr 1836, nom. cons., nom. alt.; Paul 2012a = LEGUMINOSAE (the Pea, Bean or Legume Family) in KEW list. Genus: 61; Species: Abrus Adans A. fruticulosus Wall. ex Wight & Arn., Prodr. fl. Ind. orient AC. Rare A. precatorius L., Syst. Nat., ed : ; Gamble Glycine abrus L., Sp. Pl. 2: Indian liquorice, Crab's eye, Coral bead vine, Rosary pea; Maspati-lara, Rati gedi, Lal gedi. PC. Least concern A. pulchellus Wall. ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeylan Pretty abrus liana, Showy rosary pea; Lalgeri, Gunjja, Gunjja bheda. SC. Less common Acacia Martius (1829) A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Bentham, London J. Bot. 1: Racosperma auriculiforme (A. Cunningham ex Bentham) Pedley.Australian wattle or babul; Akashmoni, Sonajhuri. Tree A. catechu (L.f.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: Mimosa catechu L. f., Suppl. Pl ; A. catechu var. wallichiana (Candolle) P. C. Huang. Black catechu, Catechu Tree, Cutch tree; Khayer, Khair, Khaira, Khayar, Khadira, Toeja. Tree. Sparse A. gageana Craib in Kew Bull. 1915: Tree. Less common A. intsia (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: ; Fl. Brit. India 2: A. intsia var. caesia (L.) Baker, Fl. Br. Ind. 2: ; Mimosa caesia L., Sp. Pl , p.p. Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: Black catechu; Arkhu; Kondru. SC. Common A. pennata (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: Mimosa pennata L., Sp. Pl. 1: Climbing Acacia, Climbing wattle, Feather acacia, Narrow-

39 leaved soap pod; Arare, Arari lahara, Ararikanda, Arkhu. Tree. Abundant A. sinuta (Lour.) Merr., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. n.s. 24: A. concinna (Willd.) DC., Prodr. 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: ; A. concinna (Willd.) DC. var. rugata (Benth.) Baker in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Mimosa sinuata Lour., Fl. Cochinch Soap Pod, Sikakaee; Araare, Rangaso, Aila. Herb. Common A. torta (Roxb.) Craib in Kew Bull. 1915: Mimosa torta Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: Twisted acacia. SC. Common Acrocarpus Wight ex Arn A. fraxinifolius Arnott, Mag. Zool. Bot. 2: Mandane. Tree. Less common Adenanthera L A. pavonina L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Baker in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: Coral Wood, False Red Sandalwood, Red bead tree; Rakta kachan. Tree Aganope Miq A. polystachya (Benth.) Thoth. & D.N. Das, Rheedea 2: Deguelia polystachya (Benth.) Taub.; Derris polystachya Benth.; Pterocarpus polystachyus (Benth.) Kuntze. Munkeop-rik. Large climber Albizia Durazz A. chinensis (Osbeck) Merr., Am. J. B. 3: Mimosa chinensis Osbeck, Dagb. Ostind. Resa, Chinese albizia, Chinese silk tree; Rato siris, Kalo siris, Siran. Tree. Common A. lebbeck (L.) Benth., in Hook., Lond. J. B. 3: Mimosa lebbeck L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Acacia lebbeck (L.) Willd. East Indian walnut, Flea tree; Kalo Siris. Tree. Common A. lucidior (Steudel) I. C. Nielsen ex H. Hara, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal. 2: Inga lucidior Steudel, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: ; A. lucida (Roxb.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 3: ; Baker in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: ; Mimosa lucida, Fl. Ind. 2: , not Vahl (1807), A. gamblei Prain. Potka siris; Rato siris. Tree. Less common A. odoratissima (L.f.) Bentham, London J. Bot. 3: Acacia odoratissima; Mimosa odoratissima L. f., Suppl. Pl Black siris, fragrant arbizia; Kalo siris, Karkur siris. Tree A. procera (Roxb.) Benth, Hooker's London Journal of Botany Acacia procera (Roxb.) Willd.; Feuilleea procera (Roxb.) Kuntze; Mimosa procera Roxb. False lebbeck, Forest siris, Rain siris, Silver bark rain tree, Tall albizia, White siris; Seto Siris. Tree. Less common Amphicarpaea Elliott ex Nutt A. ferruginea Benth., in Miq., Pl. Jungh A. edgeworthii Bentham var. rufescens Franchet; A. ferruginea f. pauciflora Pampanini. PH Archidendron F.Muell A. clypearia (Jack) I.C. Nielsen., Adansonia, n.s. 19: Inga clypearia Jack, Malay. Misc. 2(7): ; Abarema clypearia (Jack) 132 Kostermans; Pithecellobium angulatum Benth., in Hook., J. B. 3: ; P. clypearia (Jack) Bentham; P. clypearia var. acuminatum Gagnepain. Greater Grasshopper Tree. Tree Astragalus L A. rhizanthus Royle ex Benth. in Royle, Illustr. Bot.Himal. Mount Baker in Hook.f, Fl.Brit.Ind.2: PH Bauhinia L B. acuminata L., Sp. Pl. 1: Dwarf white Bauhinia/orchid tree, White mountain ebony, Snowy orchid tree. Large shrub or small tree B. purpurea L., Sp. Pl. 1: Phanera parpurea (L.) Benth Pink butterfly tree, Purple Bauhinia, orchid tree, camel's foot tree, geranium tree; Rakta Kanchan; Koiralo; Koilara, Tanki, Chee-kung, Pegpeyposhing, Zibzibshing. Tree. Sparse B. scandens L., Sp. Pl. 1: B. anguina Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 3: 82, t ; B. scandens var. horsfieldii (Watt ex Prain) K. Larsen & S. S. Larsen; Lasiobema scandens (L.) de Wit; L. scandens var. horsfieldii (Watt ex Prain) de Wit. Snake climber, Monkey ladders. Liana. Rare B. vahlii Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or Baker in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: Maloo Creeper, Chamul, Camel's Foot Climber, Mehroin, Bauhinia Climber; Bharla, Pegrong-rik, Makar-rik, Malu, Verla. SC. Rare B. variegata L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Baker in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: B. variegata var. candida (Aiton) Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt ; B. variegata var. alboflava de Wit. White orchid tree, Varigated bauhinia, poor-man s orchid, white mountain-ebony, Buddhist bauhinia; Kachnar, Koiralo, Kunabhun, Kancanara, Kovindara, Rhar-kung, Ruchashing, Takki. Tree. Sparse B. wallichii J. F. Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb., n.s. 3(59): Climber. Rare. Endangered Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. in Engl. & Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. 3(3): Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: Erythrina monosperma Lamarck, Encycl. 2: ; Butea frondosa Koen. ex Roxb., As. Research. 3: (Gamble s list). Flame of forests; Bastard Teak; Laho-kúng, Palans, Plydhup; Palasi, Palass; Terti; Marup; Dhak. Tree Caesalpinia (L. 1753) E. Gagnon & G. P. Lewis C. bonduc (L.) Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed 2, 2: 362: C. bonducella (L.) Fleming; Guilandina bonduc L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; G. bonducella L.. Bhaise kanda. Climber. Common C. cucullata Roxb., Hort. Beng Mezoneurum cucullatum (Roxburgh) Wight & Arnott. Sungray, Boksi Kara. Climber. Less common C. pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Obs. B. Ind. Occ ; Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Prain, Beng. Pl. 1: ; Brandis, Ind. Trees: Poinciana pulcherrima L., Sp. Pl. 1:

40 Poinciana, Peacock Flower, Red Bird of Paradise, Dwarf Poinciana, Pride of Barbados; Krisnachura, Palash, Radha-Chura. Shrub to small tree Cajanus DC C. scarabaeoides (L.) du Petit-Thouars ex R. Garh. in Dictionnaire des Sci. Nat Dolichos scarabaeoides L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Bentham; A. scarabaeoides var. argyrophyllus Y. T. Wei & S. K. Lee; Cajanus scarabaeoides var. argyrophyllus (Y. T. Wei & S. K. Lee) Y. T. Wei & S. K. Lee; Cantharospermum scarabaeoides (L.) Baillon; Rhynchosia scarabaeoides (L.) Candolle; Stizolobium scarabaeoides (L.) Sprengel. PC Callerya Endl C. cinerea (Benth.) Schot, Blumea 39(1 2): 17 (1994). Millettia cinerea Benth. in Miq., Pl. Jungh ; Baker in Hook. f. FBI 2: Maukap-rik. Shrub Canavalia Adans C. cathartica Thoar., J. Bot. Agric. 1: Jack beans. Herb Cassia L C. fistula L., Sp. Pl. 1: Amaltas, Dongkashing, Rajbrikhhya, Sonalu. Small tree. Planted C. javanica L., Sp. Pl. 1: C.javanica ssp. nodosa (Buchanan-Hamilton ex Roxburgh) K. Larsen & S.S. Larsen, Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 25(3-4): ; C. nodosa Buchanan- Hamilton ex Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: Java cassia, Apple blossom cassia, Nodding cassia, Pink cassia, Pink shower; Nguthein. Tree Clitoria L C. ternatea L., Sp. Pl Butterfly bean. Woody climber. Common Codariocalyx Hassk C. gyroides (Roxb. ex Link) Hassk., Fl. 25, Beibl.: , p. min. p. Banerji in Rec B. Surv. Ind. 19(2): Desmodium gyroides (Roxb. ex Link) DC., Prodr. 2: ; Hedysarum gyroides Roxb. Hort. Beng nom. nud. ex Link. Enum. alt. 2: ; Meibomia gyroides (Roxb. ex Link) Kuntze. False tick trefoil. Shrub C. motorius (Houtt.) H. Ohashi, J. Jap. B. 40: ; in Fl. E. Him ; 2: ; in Ginkgoana 1: 46, t. 1b C. motorius var. roylei (Wight & Arn.) H. Ohashi, J. Jap. B. 40: ; Fl. E. Him ; 2: ; Desmodium gyrans (L. f.) DC. (Gamble s list); Prodr. 2: ; D. gyrans var. roylei (Wight & Arn.) Baker, Fl. Br. Ind. 2: ; D. motorium (Houtt.) Merr., J. Arn. Arb. 19: ; Hedysarum gyrans L. f., Suppl. Pl Telegraph-plant; Gorachand, Bolu. Shrub Crotalaria L C. acicularis Buch.-Ham. ex Benth., in Hook., Lond. J. B. 2: AH C. alata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep DC., Prodr. 2: 124 (Nov. 1825); Baker in Fl. Br. Ind. 2: ; Burkill in Rec. B. 133 Surv. Ind. 4: ; Kaur in Bull. B. G. Lucknow 122: t (19). Singesinge. Herb or shrublet C. albida Heyne ex Roth, Nov. Pl. Ind. Or C. albida var. albida. Bhedi phool, Dim. PH. Common C. cytisoides Roxb. ex DC., Prodr. 2: Priotropis cytisoides (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or ; Baker in Hook. F Bakhre ghans, Takpyitmuk. Shrub C. ferruginea Graham ex Benth., in Hook., Lond. J. B. 2: C. ferruginea var. pilosissima Bentham ex Baker. Jungraban. AH. Common C. micans Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: Caracas rattlebox. Shrub C. pallida Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: C. pallida var. obovata (G. Don) Polhill. Chhinchhine baja, Jhunjhuni. US. Common C. sessiliflora L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, Chhinchhine baja. AH Dalbergia L.f D. latifolia Roxb., Corom. Pl. 2: 7, t ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: Amerimnon latifolium (Roxb.) Kuntze. Rosewood, Blackwood; Satisal. Tree D. pinnata (Lour.) Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. 10(1): Derris pinnata Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: Tree. Less common D. rimosa Roxb. in Fl. Ind. ed. 2(3): Liana. Less common D. sericea G. Don, Syst. 2: ; Brandis, Indian Trees ; Baker in Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 236, ; D. stenocarpa Kurz in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 44: ; Baker in Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Gamble, Darjeeling List Pchang, Bandre siris. Tree D. sissoo Roxb. ex DC., Prodr. 2: Sissoo; Sisau, Jesengshing. Tree. Abundant D. stipulacea Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed : Siris lahara. SC. Less common D. volubilis Roxb., Pl. Corom. 2: 43, t Woody climber. Less common Debregeasia Gaudich D. longifolia (Burm.f.) Wedd. in Candolle, Prodr. 16(1): D. velutina Gaudich (Gamble s list); Urtica longifolia N. L. Burman, Fl. Indica, 197 [ 297 ] Tree. Common D. wallichina (Wedd.) Wedd. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: Poorooni, Senén-Kúng. Big climber Delonix Raf D. regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: Poinciana regia Bojer, Bot. Mag. 56: t Flame tree, Royal Poinciana; Gulmohar; Krishnachura. Tree Dendrolobium (Wight & Arn.) Benth D. triangulare (Retz.) Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: Desmodium cephalotes Wall. Numer. List n (Gamble s list); D. triangulare (Retzius) Merrill; Hedysarum triangulare Retzius, Observ. Bot. 3: Bodle-kurú; Maniphtyol. Shrub.

41 51.23 Derris Lour D. cuneifolia Benth. in Miq., Pl. Jungh ; Baker in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: = Paraderris cuneifolia (Benth.) R.Geesink. Bairari. SC. Less common D. ferruginea (Roxb.) Benth. in Miquel, Pl. Jungh 1: Robinia ferruginea Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: , not Kunth (1823). Liana. Less common D. microptera Benth J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl.): Tree D. monticola (Kurz) Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 66: Millettia monticola Kurz. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42(2): ; Baker in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: (Gamble s list 1878). Liana Desmodium Desv D. confertum DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. 4: 101 (Jan. 1825); Baker in Fl. Br. Ind. 2: ; Gamble Meibomia conferta (DC.) Kuntze. Revis. gen. pl. 1: Chiptikuru. Shrub D. elegans DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. 4: 100 (Jan. 1825). H. Ohashi in Fl. E. Him. 2: 64 & 278, t ; in Ginkgoana 1: ; in Fl. E. Him. 3: ; D. elegans var. elegans; ssp. elegans; D. elegans f. albiflorum (P. C. Li) H. Ohashi; D. elegans var. albiflorum P. C. Li; D. elegans var. argenteum (Wall. ex Benth.) H. Ohashi, Fl. E. Him. 3: Raato Baakhre. Tree D. gangeticum (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: Hedysarum gangeticum L., Sp. Pl. 2: Bhattamase jhar. Shrub D. heterocarpon (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: , 'heterocarpum'. D. polycarpum (Poir.) DC., Prodr. 2: , p.p. (Gamble s list); D. heterocarpon var. heterocarpon; D. heterocarpon var. buergeri (Miquel); Hedysarum heterocarpon L., Sp. Pl. 2: Bolú, Daampaate, Tirhyukmyok. Shrub. Common D. laxiflorum DC., ; Ann. Sci. Nat. 4: Baker in Fl. Br. Ind. 2: ; H. Ohashi in Fl. E. Him ; in Ginkgoana 1: 101, t ; C.R. Rao in Ind. For. 93: ; H. Ohashi in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: Kuro jahar. Shrub D. multiflorum DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. 4: ; Wall., Cat. 196, n. 5705A, B, C, p.p H. Ohashi in Fl. E. Him. 2: 65 & ; in Ginkgoana 1: ; H. Ohashi in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: D. floribundum (D. Don) Sweet ex G. Don (Gamble s list). Bhatmase phool. Shrub D. oojeinense (Roxb.) H. Ohashi, Ginkgoana 1: 117, t. 14b Sandan pipli. Tree D. sequax Wall., ; Pl. As. Rar. 2: 46, t D. sequax var. sinuatum (Miquel) Hosokawa. Shrub D. triflorum (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2: D. triflorum var. adpressum Ohwi. Hedysarum triflorum L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Chariamiliki mausi, Sanocharmeli. PH. Abundant D. velutinum (Willd.) DC., Prodr. 2: D. latifolium (Roxb. ex Ker Gawl.) DC., Prodr. 2: ; Gamble 1878; D. laciocarpum; Hedysarum velutinum Willd.; Meibomia velutina (Willd.) Kuntze. Chepekúrú. Myanmar, Siam. PS Dumasia DC D. villosa DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. 4: 97 & Prodr. 2: 241 (1825); Mem. Legum. 257, t. 44 (1826). D. bicolor Hayata; D. glaucescens Miquel; D. leiocarpa Bentham; D. pubescens Candolle; D. villosa var. arunachalensis Predeep & M. P. Nayar; D. villosa ssp. bicolor (Hayata) Hayata; D. villosa var. leiocarpa (Bentham) Baker; Apios martini H. Léveillé; Erythrina mairei H. Léveillé. PH. Common Dunbaria Wight & Arn D. circinalis (Benth.) Baker in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 2: Atylosia circinalis Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh Woody vine D. punctata (Wight & Arn.) Benth., F. A. W. Miquel, Pl. jungh Atylosia punctata (Wight & Arn.) Benth.; Dolichos punctatus Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. 1: PC Dysolobium (Benth.) Prain D. grande (Benth.) Prain in J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 66: Phaseolus grandis Wallich ex Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh ; Canavalia grandis (Wallich ex Bentham) Kurz. Woody vine. Less common D. pilosum (Willd.) Maréchal. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 47(3-4): Vigna pilosa (Willd.) Baker in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Sanjappa, Legumes Ind ; Dolichos pilosus Klein ex Willd 1777; D. pilosus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: AH. Less common Entada Adans E. phaseoloides (L.) Merr., Philip. J. Sci. 9: E. scandens (L.) Benth., in Hook., J. B. 4: ; Lens phaseoloides L.; Mimosa scandens L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, Pangra. SC. Rare E. rheedii Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: Mimosa entada L., Sp. Pl. 1: Climber. Less common Erythrina L E. arborescens Roxb., Pl. Corom. 3: 14, t ; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: ; Gamble Corallodendron arborescens (Roxburgh) Kuntze. Himalayan coral tree; Theki kath, Rodinga, Fullidha, Gyesa-kúng, Dingsong, Phaledo, Chassee. Tree. Common E. stricta Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: ; Gamble E. stricta var. stricta; Micropteryx stricta (Roxb.) Duchassaing & Walpers. Coral tree; Fallidha; Katiang-kúng, Phalaydo. Tree. Common E. variegata L. Diss. Herb. Amb. Amoen. Acad. 4: ; Amoen. Acad. 4: Indian coral tree; Mandar. Tree Flemingia Roxb. ex W. T. Aiton, F. macrophylla (Willd.) Merr. Philip. J. Sci. 5: Crotalaria macrophylla Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: ; Maughania macrophylla (Willd.) 134

42 Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: Bhatwasee, Bhattamasi/Tinpate ghans. Shrub F. stricta Roxb. ex W. T. Aiton, Hort. Kew., ed. 2. 4: ; Gamble Moghania stricta (Roxb.) Kuntze. Batwasi. Shrub F. strobilifera (L.) R. Brown in W. T. Aiton, Hort. Kew., ed. 2. 4: ; Gamble Hedysarum strobiliferum L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; F. strobilifera var. bracteata (Roxb.) Baker; F. strobilifera var. fruticulosa (Wallich ex Bentham) Baker; Maughania strobilifera (L.) J. Saint-Hilaire ex Kuntze; Zornia strobilifera (L.) Persoon. Barkaulijhar, Bhatmas jhar, Bolú Geissaspis Wight & Arn G. cristata Wight & Arnott., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or ; Baker in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 2: AH. Common Indigofera L I. dosua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep var. tomentosa Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Fl. Br. Ind. 2: Chiringi jhar, Phusre ghans, Dosi swan. Shrub I. stachyodes Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1: t I. dosua Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don var. stachyodes (Lindley) H. Léveillé. Shrub Lathyrus L L. aphaca L., Sp. Pl. ed.1, Orobus aphaca (L.) Döll. Yellow-flowered Pea, Yellow vetchling. AH. Rare L. sativus L., Sp. Pl. 2: Grass pea. AH Lysiloma Benth L. latisiliquum (L.) Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: Lysiloma latisiliqua Sauvalle; Acacia latisiliqua (L.) Willd.; Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Gillis & Stearn, Taxon 23: ; L. glauca Benth. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Mimosa latisiliqua L. Sp. Pl Subabul, Khilkadam. Shrub or small tree Mastersia Benth M. assamica Benth. i Trans. Linn. Soc. 25 (1865) 300, t. 34; Prain, J. As. Soc. Beng. 66, ii (1897) 417. Tree Meizotropis Voigt M. buteiformis Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt ["buteaeformis"]. Butea buteiformis (Voigt) Grierson & D.G. Long, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 37: ; B. minor Buch.-Ham. ex Baker, Fl. Br. Ind. 2: ; Gamble 1878; Megalotropis buteiformis (Voigt) Griff.; Plaso minor (Baker) Kuntze. Buch.-Ham. ex Baker, Fl. Br. Ind. 2: ; Gamble Bhujetro; Bolatru; Dibhar; Pipli rodo; Bhujerto lha; Namosingletkúng. Shrub or PH. Endemic. Rare Melilotus L M. indicus (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1: Trifolium indicum L., Sp. Pl. 2: [T. "M. indica"]. Methi ghans; Ban Methi. AH. Less common Millettia Wight & Arn., M. extensa (Benth.) Baker in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2 : M. extensa (Benth.) Baker, Fl. 135 Br. Ind. 2: ; Otosema extensa Benth. in Miq., Pl. Jungh ; Pongamia extensa Wall., Cat nomen nudum. Brú-rik, Benrik, Gaujo. Woody climber. Less common M. glaucescens Kurz, J. As. S. Beng. 42(2): Tree. Sporadic M. pachycarpa Benth. in Miquel, Pl. Jungh ; Gamble Phaseolodes pachycarpum (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: Brudung, Karkus lahara, Kojulara. Large climber M. pulchra (Benth.) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42(2): M. pulchra Benth. SC. Rare Mimosa L M. asperata L., Syst. Nat., ed : Buari jhar, Lajjabati, Naja. US. Abundant M. barberi Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew PS M. himalayana Gamble in Kew Bull. 1920: M. rubricaulis ssp. himalayana (Gamble) H.Ohashi; M. rubicaulis Lamk. (Gamble s list); M. rubicaulis ssp. himalayana Lam. in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: Arare, Ararae kanra, Sibrio-zhu. SC. Less common M. pudica L., Sp. Pl. 1: Humble plant, Sensitive plant, shame plant, sleeping grass, prayer plant, touch-me-not; Bohori Jhar, Lajunia, Lajjawati, Lajwanti, Sharmpate. US M. rubicaulis Lam., ; Encycl. 1: 20 (1783). Aradi, Boksi ghans, Sibriú. US Mucuna Adans M. macrocarpa Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 1: 41, t ; Gamble Baldengra, Taknyeérik. Climber. Rare M. monosperma DC. ex Wight, Bot. Misc. 2: 346. Suppl. t ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: M. monosperma (Roxb.) DC. Prodr. 2: (Gamble s list); Carpopogon monospermum (DC. Ex Wight) Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: ; Stizolobium monospermum (Wight) Kuntze. Negro Bean; Baldangra/ Baldhregra. Climber M. nigricans (Lour.), Steud. Nomencl.Bot.cd. 2(2): M. imbricata DC., Prodr. 2: ; Baker in Hook.f, Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: (Gamble s list); Citta nigricans Lour., Fl.Cochinch ; Stizolobium nigricans (Lour.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 2(2): Balengra, Kouatch, Dangnyimrik. Climber. Rare M. pruriens (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: ; Gamble M. prurita Hook. f. 1831; Carpopogon pruriens (L.) Roxb. Hort. Bengal ; Dolichos pruriens L. Kouatch, Kajúkop-rik. Climber. Less common. Endangered Ormosia Jacks. nom. cons O. glauca Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: 23, t ; Cat. 185, n ; Baker in Fl. Br. Ind. 2: Fedorovia glauca (Wall.) Yakovlev, B. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 56(5): Tree. Sporadic. Rare Parochaetus Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

43 P. communis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep ; Das et al Chemgi phool, Muli jhar. AH. Abundant Phaseolus L P. coccineus L. Sp. Pl. 2: Runner bean, scarlet runner bean, or multiflora bean. PH Phyllodium Desv P. pulchellum (L.) Desv. J. Bot. Agric. 1: Desmodium pulchellum (L.) Benth. (Gamble s list); Hedysarum pulchellum L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Dicerma pulchellum (L.) Candolle. Kanni jhangi. Shrub Piptanthus D. Don ex Sweet P. nepalensis (Hook.) D. Don, in Sweet, Br. Fl. G. 3: t P. laburnifolius f. nepalensis Stapf; P. nepalensis f. leiocarpus (Stapf) S. Q. Wei; P. nepalensis var. leiocarpus (Stapf) X. Y. Zhu; P. nepalensis f. sericopetalus (P. C. Li) S. Q. Wei; P. nepalensis var. sericopetalus (P. C. Li) X. Y. Zhu. Baptisia nepalensis Hooker, Exot. Fl. 2: Suga Phul. Shrub Pithecellobium Mart P. monadelphum (Roxb.) Kosterm. Reinwardtia 3: (Unresolved). P. bigeminatum auct. non-(l.) Mart. ex Benth. in Hook., Lond. J. B. 3: 206 (1844); Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Archidendron monadelphum (Roxb.) Nielson, Adansonia 19: Tree Prosopis L P. chilensis (Molina) Stuntz. U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Invent. Seeds. 31: 85 (1914). Ceratonia chilensis Molina, Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili as "Chilensis". Chilean mesquite; Bera Babla. Shrub Pueraria DC P. montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & Almeida ex Sanjappa & Pradeep. Legumes of India Dolichos lobatus Willd. Sp. Pl. 3-2: ; Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. SC. Rare P. peduncularis (Graham ex Benth.) in Benth. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: ; Baker in Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 167 (1876); Biswas, Pl. Darjeeling Sikkim Himalayas 1: 291 (1966); Hara, Fl. E. Himalaya 162 (1966); Neustanthus peduncularis Benth. Pl. Jungh. [Miquel] [Aug 1852]. Herb P. phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: ; Biswas, Pl. Darjeeling Sikkim Himalayas 1: 29 (1966); var. phaseoloides; var. subspicata; Dolichos phaseoloides Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: ; Neustanthus phaseoloides (Roxb.) Bentham. PC. Abundant P. sikkimensis Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: [1898 publ. 1897]. Birali, Lingom-rik. PS. Common P. tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. 4: ; Prodr. 2: ; Gamble Hedysarum tuberosum Willd. Birali kanda, Debre lara, Lungom-rik. Large herbaceous climber P. wallichii DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. 4: ; Prodr. 2: ; Gamble Birali, Debrelara. SC Samanea (Benth.) Merr S. saman (Jacq.) Merrill, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6: Mimosa saman Jacquin, Fragm. Bot ; Albizia saman (Jacquin) F.Mueller; Enterolobium saman (Jacquin) Prain; Pithecellobium saman (Jacquin) Bentham. Khirish. Tree Senna Mill S. alata (L.) Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed : Cassia alata L., Sp. Pl. 1: Shrub. Abundant S. floribunda (Cav.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: Cassia floribunda Cav., Descr Shrub S. occidentalis (L.) Link., Handbuch [Link] 2: Cassia occidentalis L., Sp. Pl ; Baker in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: ; Gamble 1: 401(284) Thulo tapre, Kasudi, Kalkasunda. US S. septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35(2): Cassia septemtrionalis Viviani, Elench. Pl Smooth senna, yellow shower, arsenic bush, buttercup bush. Shrub or small tree S. siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35(1): 98 (1982). Cassia siamea Lamk., Encycl. Meth. 1: ; Baker in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: Siamese senna, Siamese cassia, Yellow cassia; Minjuri. Tree S. sophera (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2: (as "sophora"). Cassia sophera L., Sp. Pl. 379 (1753). Kalkasunda; Tapre, Kasudi. Shrub. Abundant S. sophera var. purpurea (Roxb. ex Lindl.) V. Singh, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 16(3): Cassia sophera var. purpurea (Edw.) Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc ; Baker, Hook.f. F1. Brit. India 2: ; C. purpurea Edw. Bot. Reg. t Lal Kalkashunda. Shrub S. tora (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; V. Singh, Monogr. Indian Subtribe Cassiinae Cassia tora L. Sp. Pl ; Hook. f., Fl.Brit. India 2: Chakunda; Sickle senna, Foetid Cassia, Ring worm plan. AS. Abundant Sesbania Scop S. sesban (L.) Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., C. 7: Coronilla sesban (L.) Moench, Methodus ; S. aegyptiaca (Poir.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 2(2): (Gamble s list); Sesban sesban (L.) Britton, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: Jait. Small tree Shuteria Wight & Arn S. hirsuta Baker in Hook., Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 182 (1876). AC. Less common S. involucrata (Wall.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or ; Benth. In Miq. Pl. Jungh. 2: S. involucrata var. glabrata (Wall.) Wight & Arn., J. Jap. B. 50: ; in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: ; Glycine involucrata Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: ; Shuteria vestita Wight & Arnott var. involucrata (Wallich) Baker. Climber. Common Smithia Aiton

44 S. ciliata Royle, Ill. B. Him. t. 35, f ; AH Spatholobus Hassk S. parviflorus (DC.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: S. roxburghii Benth., in Miq., Pl. Jungh (Gamble s list); Butea parviflora DC. Debre-lara, Sal lahara/madane, Terol-rik. Climber. Frequent Tephrosia Pers T. candida (Roxb.) DC., Prodr. 2: ; Gamble Robinia candida (Candolle) Roxburgh. Bodle-lara; Suhútungrung. PH. Common Trifolium L T. dubium Sibth., Fl. Oxon Lesser hop trefoil, Lesser Trefoil, Suckling Clover, Yellow Shamrock. PH T. repens L., Sp. Pl. 2: Amoria repens (L.) C. Presl, Symb. Bot White clover; Beulee. AH. Abundant Ulex L U. europeus L., Sp. Pl. 2: Gorse. Shrub Uraria Desv U. rufescens (DC.) Schindler, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: Desmodium rufescens Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: Subshrub Vicia L V. hirsuta (L.) Gray, Nat. Arn. Brit. Pl. 2, V. hirsuta var. hefeiana J. Q. He; Ervum hirsutum L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Vicioides hirsuta (L.) Moench. Aankura, Kutuli kosa. AH. Less common V. sativa L., Sp. Pl Common vetch. AH. Rare V. tetrasperma (L) Schr., Spic. Fl. Lips Ervum tetraspermum L., Sp. Pl. 2: Aankura, Kutuli kosa. AC. Rare Vigna Savi V. clarkei Prain in Journ. Asiatic Soc. Beng. 66: 429 (1897). Woody climber Wisteria Nutt W. sinensis (Sims) Sweet, Hort. Brit ; Chakraborti & Saini W. sinensis f. alba (Lindley) Rehder & E. H. Wilson; W. sinensis var. albiflora Lemaire; W. chinensis DC. 1825, W. chinensis DC. var. albiflora (Lem.) W. Miller 1902, W. sinensis (Sims) Sweet var. alba Lindl. 1849, W. sinensis (Sims) Sweet var. albiflora Lem. 1858; Glycine sinensis Sims, Bot. Mag. 46: t ; G. sinensis (Sims 1819), Kraunhia chinensis (Greene 1892), K. floribunda (Willd.) Taub. var. sinensis (Sims) Makino 1911, K. sinensis (Sims) Makino 1910, Millettia chinensis (Benth. 1852), Rehsonia sinensis (Sims) Stritch Chinese wisteria. Climber. Less common. 52. FAGACEAE Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 11, , nom. cons. (the Beech or Oak Family). Genus: 4; Species: Castanea Mill C. sativa Mill, Gard. Dict. ed Spanish Chestnut, Sweet Chestnut. Tree Castanopsis (D. Don) Spach C. argentea (Blume) A.DC. J. Bot. 1: Castanea argentea (Blume) Blume, Bijdr ; Fagus argentea Blume in Flora 7: Kuchiang-kúng. Tree C. hystrix J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex A. de Candolle, J. Bot Banjkatus, Kashioron, Katus, Jat Katus, Patle katus, Tshe shing. Tree. Less common C. indica (Roxburgh ex Lindley) A. de Candolle in Hance, J. Bot. 1: ; Gamble Castanea indica Roxb. ex Lindley in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: ; Quercus indica (Roxb. ex Lindley) Drake. Aule katus, Banj katú, Dalne katus, Dhalnekatus, Kaihiorón, Sokey. Tree. Less common C. lanceifolia (Oerst.) Hickel & A. Camus, Bull. S. B. Fr. 68: , 'lanceaefolia'. A. Camus, Chataigniers, Texte 427, Atlas t C. lanceifolia (Kurz) Kurz. Forest Fl. Burma 2: ; Castanea lanceifolia (Oerst.) Kurz. Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu App. A: cxxvii 1875; Pasania lanceifolia Oerst. Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: ; Quercus lanceaefolia Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: ; non Schlecht. & Cham. (1830); Gamble 1878; Synaedrys lanceifolia Koidz. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 3: Patlé katus, Sirikúng. Tree. Rare C. tribuloides (Sm.) A. DC., J.B. 1: ; Gamble C. tribuloides var. ferox King; Quercus tribuloides Smith in Rees, Cycl. 29: Quercus no ; Castanea tribuloides (Smith) Lindley. Musré katús, Kashi-oshem, Katus, Patle katus, Tongpa shi. Tree. Less common C. wattii (King ex Hook.f.) A. Camus, Chataigniers Texte: 270, C. rufescens (Hook. f. & Thomson ex Hook. f.) Gamble, Trees Shrubs Darjeeling ; C. tribuloides var. wattii King ex Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: Dalné katus, Sirikishu. Tree Lithocarpus Blume L. acuminatus (Roxb.) Rehder. J. Arnold Arbor. 1: Quercus acuminata Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 3: Chinkapin oak and yellow chestnut oak, Chhota Arkoula, Sanu. Tree. Not very common L. elegans (Blume) Hatus. ex Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: L. elegans var. collettii (King) H.B. Naithani & S.N. Biswas; L. spicatus var. elegans (Blume) A. Camus; Quercus elegans Blume. Spike oak; Arakhaula, Arkawla; Danwa, Kacheeng-kúng, Phaco singali, Shakor shing, Singali. Tree. Endemic. Rare L. fenestratus (Roxb.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: L. fenestratus var. brachycarpus A. Camus; Quercus fenestrata Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: ; Pasania fenestrata (Roxb.) Oersted; Synaedrys fenestrate (Roxburgh) Koidzumi. Arkhaula, Patle katus; Kashienduug. Tree. Rare. 137

45 L. pachyphyllus (Kurz) Rehder, J. Arn. Arb. 1: L. pachyphyllus var. pachyphyllus; Quercus pachyphylla Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 44: ; Pasania pachyphylla (Kurz) Schottky; Synaedrys pachyphylla (Kurz) Koidzumi. Sungure katus, Bara katús, Hloseriekúng, Thulo katús. Tree. Endemic. Rare Quercus L Q. annulata Sm. Cycl. 29: ; Gamble Q. glauca ssp. annulata (Sm.) A. Camus, Chênes Texte 1: ; Cyclobalanopsis annulata (Sm.) Oerst. Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 18: Phalat, Siri-kúng. Tree Q. dentata Thunb. in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed Daimyo oak. Tree. Less common Q. glauca Thunb., Fl. Jap ; Hook. f., l.c.; Collett, l.c; Brandis, l.c Blue Japanese oak; Ring-cupped oak; Sano Phalant, Thonp, Musure phalant. Tree. Less common Q. griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson ex Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: Quercus aliena Blume var. griffithii (J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex Miquel) Schottky. Sisi, Beynang Shing, Kasru. Tree Q. lamellosa Sm. in Rees, Cyclop. 29: n ; Gamble Ghosh & Saha Buk oak; Bangka, Bajrath, Budgrat, Búk, Falant, Pharatsinghali, Shalshi, Thulo Phalant. Tree. Rare Q. lineata Blume, Bijdr var. oxidon Wenzig. Cyclobalanopsis lineata (Blume) Oerst. idensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: Arkhaula; Sano Phalant. Tree. Common Q. oblongata D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal Q. incana Roxb., Hort. Beng ; Fl. Ind. Car. ed. 3: ; Hook. f., l.c.; Collett, l.c.; Brandis, l.c Himalayan white oak, Banj Oak, Blackjack oak, Grey oak; Sano banjh. Tree. Endangered Q. oxyodon Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno- Batavi 1: Q. lobbii var. oxyodon (Miq.) Wenz., Jahrb. B. G. Berlin 4: ; Q. lineata var. oxyodon (Miq.) Wenz. Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: ; Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon (Miq.) Oerst. Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 18: Phalant. Tree Q. robur L. Sp. Pl. 2: Q. robur (Ten.) A. DC. Common oak; Pedunculate oak. Tree Q. semecarpifolia Sm. in Rees, Cycl. 29: Quercus no ; Hook. f., l.c.; Brandis, Ind. Trees, 625. Brown oak; Jishing, Khasru Tree Q. serrata Thunb. Fl. Jap (Unresolved). Q. serrata Thunb. ex Murray. Red oak. Tree Q. thomsoniana A.DC. Prodr. 16(2): Q. lineata Blume var. thomsoniana (A. DC.) Wenz; Cyclobalanopsis thomsoniana (A.DC.) Oerst.;. Phalant. Tree. Rare. 53. GENTIANACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Gentian or Geranium Family); Genus: 6; Species: Crawfurdia Wall C. affinis Wall. ex C.B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: (Unresolved). Gentiana confusa C. Marquand; Tripterospermum affine (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) Harry Sm. In Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26: ; T. fasciculatum (Wall.) Chater, in H. Hara et al., Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 3: Fascicled-flowered Crawfurdia. Herb C. campanulacea Wall. & Griff. ex C.B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 4: Gentiana campanulacea (Wall. & Griff. ex C.B.Clarke) C. Marquand. Showy gentian vine. Herb. Common C. luteoviridis C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: (Unresolved)[some data suggest that it is synonymous with Tripterospermum luteoviride (C.B.Clarke) J.Murata.]. C. japonica var. luteoviridis (C. B. Clarke) C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 4: ; Gentiana luteoviridis (C. B. Clarke) Marquand, Kew Bull. 1931: Nepal double (pair) butterfly. Herb C. speciosa C.B. Clarke J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: PC Exacum L E. paucisquamum (C.B. Clarke) Klack., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 126: Cotylanthera paucisquama C.B. Clarke, in Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: Herb E. teres Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: ; CB Clarke in Hook. F. Fl. Brit. India 4: ; Das & Roy AH Gentiana L G. albicalyx Burkill. J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: G. capitata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep var. strobiliformis C.B. Clarke. Fl. Brit. India 4: AH G. argentea (D. Don) Griseb. in DC., Prodr. 9: ; C.B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 4: 112 (1883); Agrawal & Bhatt. in Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 22: (Unresolved). Gentianodes argentea Royle ex D.Don.; Ericala argentea D.Don. Silvery gentian, Nili sarnal. AH. Not common G. bryoides Burkill, J. As. S. Beng. n.s., 2: AH. Less common G. capitata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep ; Griseb., Gen. et sp. Gent ; in DC., Prodr., l.c. 107; Clarke in Hook. f., l.c. 113; Agrawal & Bhatt. in J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 3: (p.p.). G. capitata var. andersonii C.B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 4: Ciminalis capitata var. andersonii (C.B.Clarke) Omer. Edinburgh J. Bot. 50: ; Ericala capitata (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) D. Don. Clustered gentian; Haans phool, Dodikhaem saag. AH. Common G. infelix C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 4: G. microtophora C. Marquand. AH. Rare G. listeri Burkill. J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: (Unresolved). AH. Endemic G. micans C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 4: AH G. ornata (D. Don) Wall. ex Griseb., Gen. Sp. Gent Gentianodes ornata (Wall.) Á. Löve & D. Löve, B. Notiser 125: , comb. nud.;

46 Pneumonanthe ornata Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: Showy Chinese gentian. PH G. pedicellata (Wallich ex D. Don) Griseb., Gen. Sp. Gent (Unresolved). Ericala pedicellata Wallich ex D. Don, London Edinburgh Philos. Mag. & J. Sci. 8: Purple Stalked Gentian; Chara ko kutta. AH. Abundant G. quadrifaria Blume, Bijdr Ericala quadrifaria G.Don. Gen. Hist. 4: AH. Vulnerable G. squarrosa Ledeb. Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 5: Ciminalis squarrosa (Ledeb.) Zuev; Ericala squarrosa G.Don. Overlapping-leaves Gentian. AH Halenia Borkh H. elliptica D. Don, London Edinb. Philos. Mag. J. Sci. 8: ; in Tr. Linn. S. 17: Tikta. AH. Common Swertia L S. alata Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4(10): Agathotes alata D.Don in London & Edinburgh, Phil. Mag. & J. 8: nom. invalid; A. alata G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. 4: ; Ophelia alata (G. Don) Griseb., Gen. & Sp. Gent Winged-Stem Swertia. AH S. angustifolia Buch.-Ham ex D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Clarke in Fl. Br. India 4 (10): Ophelia angustifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: Chiraito, Bhale chiraito, Gotha Tite. AH S. bimaculata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Hook.f. & Thomson ex C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. S. B. 14(78): ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 4: Ophelia bimaculata Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): ; Swertia bimaculata var. macrocarpa Nakai, B. Mag. Tokyo 47: Double-seeded swertia. AH. Threatened S. chirayita (Roxb.) H. Karst., Deutsche Fl. (Karsten) (Unresolved); Clarke in Fl. Br. India 4 (10): S. chirata (Wall.) C. B. Clarke in Fl. Br. India 4: Chiraito, Khupli, Tikta, Tite, Pothi chiraito. AH. Critically Endangered S. ciliata (D. Don ex G. Don) B. L. Burtt, Not. B. G. Edinb. 26: i D. Don ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: Chiraito, Kalen, Khupli, Tikta, Kalo Chiraito. AH S. nervosa (Wall. ex G. Don) C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Br. Ind. 4(10): Agathotes nervosa Wallich ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: ; Ophelia nervosa (G. Don) Griseb., Gen. Sp. Syst Chiraito, Tite, Kalo Chiraito, Aullo ghans. AH S. paniculata Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: t ; Clarke in Fl. Br. India 4(10): Ophelia paniculata (Wall.) D. Don in Tr. Linn. S. 17: ; Swertia dilatata C.B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 4(10): Chiraito, Sirlinge, Tite. AH. Rare S. pedicellata Banerji Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: (Unresolved). Chiraito. Herb S. speciosa G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: S. speciosa var. perfoliata (G. Don) C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 4: Showy Swertia. PH S. tongluensis Burkill, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal ser. 2, 2: (Unresolved). PH Tripterospermum Blume T. japonicum Maxim. Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 20: (Unresolved). Crawfurdia japonica Siebold & Zucc. Abh. Math.- Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): ; C.B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14: ; Golowninia japonica (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. lc 4: Japanese Dualbutterfly. PH T. volubile (D. Don) H. Hara, J. Jap. B. 40: ; H. Sm. in Not. B. G. Edinb. 26: ; H. Hara in Fl. E. Him. 258, 650, t. 4, f. c. 1966; Chater in H. Hara et al., Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 3: Gentiana volubilis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Climber. 54. GERANIACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Geranium Family); Mukherjee & Ghosh Genus: 1; Species: Geranium L G. donianum Sweet, Geran. 4: sub t Ragatgeri. PH G. nepalense Sweet, Geran. 1: t ; Das et al G. nepalense var. oliganthum (C. C. Huang) C. C. Huang & L. R. Xu. Chunitro ghans, Salyan sai, Pueran, Jerenium. AH. Common G. polyanthes Edgew. & Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: Many-Flower Geranium. PH. Rare G. pratense L., Sp. Pl. 2: G. pratense var. affine C. C. Huang & L. R. Xu. Meadow Crane's-bill, Meadow Geranium. PH G. procurrens Yeo, B. Mag. 179: t Trailing geranium. PH. 55. GESNERIACEAE Rich. & Juss. in A.P. de Candolle, Essai Propr. Méd. Pl., ed. 2: Mai 1816, nom. cons. (the Gesneriad Family). Genus: 13; Species: Achimenes Pers A. longiflora DC., Prodr. 7: Bhujel & Das Cupid s bower, Hot Water Plant, Monkey-Faced Pansy, Magic Flower, Orchid Pansy, Nut orchid. GH Aeschynanthus A. acuminatus Wall. ex A.DC., Prodr. 9: ; Clarke in FI. Brit. India 4 : ; Sen in Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 5: ; Hara in Enum. FI. PI. Nepal 3: A. acuminatus var. chinensis (Gardner & Champion) C. B. Clarke. Acuminate basket vine. Epiphytic US. Less common A. bracteatus Wall. [Cat. no , nom. nud.] ex A.DC., Prodr. 9: ; Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: ; C.B. Clarke in FI. Brit. India 4: ; Burttet Davidson in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 21: ; Hara in FI. E. Himal ; Matthew, FI. PI. Kurseong ; Mukherjee, FI. PI. Darjiling A. bracteatus var. orientalis W. T. Wang; A. bracteatus var. peelii (J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson)

47 C. B. Clarke. Lipstick Plant. Epiphytic US. Less common A. hookeri C. B. Clarke in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 4: ; Mukherjee, FI PI. Darjiling Hooker's Blushwort. Epiphytic US A. novogracilis W. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(2): A. gracilis Parish ex C. B. Clarke, Commelyn. Cyrtandr. Bengal ; C.B.Clarke in A.DC. and C.DC, Monogr. Phan. 5(1): ; C.B.Clarke in Hook.f, Fl. Brit. India 4: ; Trichosporum gracile (Parish ex C.B.Clarke) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl Epiphytic herb. Less common A. parviflorus (D. Don) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4: Trichosporum parviflorum D. Don in Edinb. Philos. J. 7: , Prodr. Fk Nep. 125 (1825); A. sikkimensis (C.B. Clarke) Stapf, B. Mag. 148: t ; Mukherjee in FI. PI. Darjiling ; Das & Chanda 1987, A. ramosissima Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 1: 55, t , nom. nud.], PI. As. Rar. 1 : 55, t , C.B. Clarke in FI. Brit. India 4: ; Sen in Bufl. Bot. Surv.lnd. 5: ; Banerjee in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 19(2) : Sikkim blushwort; Thirjo. Epiphytic US. Endemic. Rare. Endangered Briggsia Craib B. kurzii (C. B. Clarke) W. E. Evans, Not. B. G. Edinb. 16: Didymocarpus kurzii C. B. Clarke, Commelyn. Cyrtandr. Bengal ; Loxostigma kurzii (C. B. Clarke) Burtt, Not. B. G. Edinb. 34: ; Chirita kurzii (C. B. Clarke) C. B. Clarke, J. Linn. S. B. 15: ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 4: ; Roettlera kurzii (C. B. Clarke) Kuntze. PH Chirita Buch.-Ham., C. calva C. B. Clarke. Monogr. Phan. 5: Henckels calva (C.B. Clarke) D.J. Middleton & Mich. Möller, Taxon 60 (3): 775th 2011th (17 Jun 2011). PH C. lachenensis C. B. Clarke in A. & C. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 5: C. clarkei Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 4(11): (Unresolved). PH C. macrophylla Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 1: 56, t ; DC., Prodr. 9: 269 (1845); C. B. Clarke, Comm. and Cyrt. Beng. t. 71 (1874), in FI. Brit. India 4: 358 (1884); Hara in FI. E. Himal. 297 (1966), 121 (1971); Matthew, FI. PI. Kurseong 75 (1981); Hara in Enum. FI. PI. Nepal 3 : 133 (1982); Mukherjee, FI. PI. Darjiling (1988). Didymocarpus grandifolius (A. Dietrich) F. G. Dietrich; Henckelia grandifolia A. Dietrich (1831), not H. macrophyllla (Wallich ex D. Don) Sprengel (1817). PH. Less common C. primulacea C. B. Clarke, ; Comm. Cyrt. Beng. 114, t. 82 (1874); in Fl. Br. Ind. 4: 360 (1884). Roettlera primulacea Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: C. pumila D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep ; DC. Prodr. 9: 269 (1945); C.B. Clarke, Comm. and Cyrt. Beng. t. 74 (1874), in FI. Brit. india 4: 357 (1884); Matthew, FI. PI. Kurseong 75 (1981); Hara in 140 Enum. FI. PI. Nepal 3 : 134 (1982); Mukherjee, FI. PI.Darjiling 167 (1988). C. flava R. Brown; C. sphagnicola H. Léveillé & Vaniot; Bonnaya pumila (D. Don) Sprengel; Didymocarpus anthonyanus Handel-Mazzetti; Henckelia pumila (D. Don) A. Dietrich; Roettlera pumila (D. Don) Kuntze. AH C. urticifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep DC., Prodr. 9: 268 (1945); Clarke, Comm. and Cyrt. Beng. t. 69 (1874), in FI. Brit. India 4: (1884); Matthew, Fl PI. Kurseong 75 (1981) ; Hara in Enum. FI. PI. Nepal 3 : 134 (1982); Mukherjee, FI. PI. Darjiling 167 (1988). C. grandiflora Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 1: 43, t. 50 (1830); Didymocarpus urticifolius (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Wonisch; Gonatostemon boucheanum Regel; Henckelia urticifolia (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) A. Dietrich; H. wallichiana A. Dietrich; Roettlera urticifolia (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Kuntze. Aankle. Herb. Common Codonanthe (Mart.) Hanst C. devosiana Lem. III. Hort. 2: t. 56. Aeschynanthus gracilis Parish ex C. B. Clarke, Commelyn. Cyrtandr. Bengal Red Elf Vine. Epiphyte. Rare Corallodiscus Batalin C. lanuginosus (Wall. ex DC.) B.L. Burtt in G. Chron. Ser. 3, 122: 212 (1947); Hara in FI. E. Himal. 298 (1966), in Enum. FI. PI. Nepal 3: 134 (1982); Mukherjee, Fl. Pl. Darjiling 167 (1988). Didymocarpus lanuginosa Wall. [Cat. 23, n. 791 (1829) nom. nud.) ex DC. Prodr. 9 : 268 (1845);C.B. Clarke, Comm. Cyrt. Beng. 97, t. 67 (1874). Didissandre lanuginosa (DC.) C.B. Clarke, in DC., Monogr. phan. 5 : 66 (1883), in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 19(2).73 (1966). PH Didymocarpus Wall D. albicaulis C. B. Clarke in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5(1): Matthew, FI. PI. Kurseong 75 (1981); Mukherjee, FI. PI. Darjeeling 168 (1988). D. leucocalyx C.B. CLARKE, in HooK.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: , nom. illegit. (probably sphalm. albicalyx); D. villosus auct., non D.DON. Kum Kum Dhup. AH. Endemic. Sparse. Rare D. andersonii C.B. Clarke, Commelyn. Cyrtandr. Bengal. t ; in FI. Brit. India 4: 346 (1884). Roettlera andersonii Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: AH D. aromatica Wall. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep , 'aromatica'; H. Hara in J. Jap. B. 47: ; in Fl. E. Him. 3: D. subalternans Wallich ex R. Brown., Cyrtandreae, 118 (1839), nom. illegit.; Henckelia aromatica (Wallich ex D. Don) Sprengel. Syst. veg., ed. 16: 4/2, 13 (1827). Ailo. PH D. aurantiacus C. B. Clarke, Comm. Cyrt. Beng. 90, t. 60 (1874); in Fl. Br. Ind. 4: 346 (1884). Orange stone flower. Herb D. mortonii C.B. Clarke, Commelyn. Cyrtandr. bengal., 95, t. 65 (1874). D. sikkimensis C.B. CLARKE; in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. India 4: Himalayan forest herb. Herb D. oblongus Wall. ex D. Don, ; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 123 (1825), 'oblonga'. Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: 34, t. 140

48 (1831). Henckelia oblonga (D.DON) SPRENG., Syst. veg., ed. 16, 4/2: 13 (1827). PH D. pedicellatus R.Br. Pl. Jav. Rar Lithophytic herb D. podocarpus C. B. Clarke, in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5(1): 76 (1883), 'podocarpa'; in Fl. Br. Ind. 4: 347 (1884); Mukherji, FI. PI Darjiling 168 (1988). AH. Rare D. primulifolius D.Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal PH D. pulcher C. B. Clarke in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5(1): , 'pulchera'; in Fl. Br. Ind. 4: 348 (1884). PH D. subalternans C.B.Clarke, Commelyn. Cyrtandr. Bengal. t ; in FI. Brit. India 4 : 347 (1884); Hara in Enum. FI. PI. Nepal 3: 135 (1982) (Unresolved). Herb D. triplotrichus Hilliard, Edinburgh J. Bot. 52: 218 (1995). D. obtusus auct., non [WALL. ex] R. BR.; C.B. Clarke, Commelyn. Cyrtandr. bengal., 91, t PH D. villosus D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep , 'villosa'; C. B. Clarke in Fl. Br. Ind. 4: 347 (1884). Henckelia villosa (D. Don) Sprengel; Roettlera villosa (D. Don) Kuntze. Kumkum dhup. PH Epithema Blume E. carnosum Benth, Scroph. Ind ; "Carnosum" C. B. Clarke, Comm. 6-Cyrt. Beng t. 90 (1874), in FI. Brit. India 4: 339 excl. var.; Aikinia carnosa (Bentham) G. Don. Herb Leptoboea L. multiflora (C. B. Clarke) C. B. Clarke in DC., Manogr. Phaner. 5 : 165 (1883) in Fl. Brit. India 4 : 368 (1884). Championia multiflora C. B. Clarke, Commelyn. Cyrtandr. Bengal Herb Loxostigma C. B. Clarke L. griffithii (Wight) C. B. Clarke in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: , in FI.Brit. India 4 : 344 (1884); Sen in Bull. Bot. Surv, India 5 : 114 (1963); Hara in FI. E. Hlrnal. 299 (1966) ; Matthew, FI. PI. Kurseong 76 (1981); Hara in Enum. FI. PI. Nepal 3 :135 (1982); Mukherjee, FI. PI. Darjiling 169 (1988). D. griffithii Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: ; Dichrotrichum griffithii (Wight) C. B. Clarke; Comm. Cyrt. Beng. 79, t. 51 (1874). US Lysionotus D.Don L. atropurpureus H. Hara., J. Jap. Bot. 48: Subshrub L. serratus D. Don, Edinb. Philos. J. 7: , Prodr. FI. Nepal 124 (1825); C. B. Clarke in FI. Brit. Ind. 4: 344 (1884); Hara in FI. E. Himal. 299 (1966), p. p.; 106 (1975); Matthew, FI. PI. Kurseong 76 (1981); Hara in Enum. FI. PI. Nepal 3 : 135 (1982); Mukherjee, FI PI. Darjiling 169 (1988). L. serratus var. serratus; L. himalayensis (H. Léveillé) W. T. Wang & Z. Y. Li; L. ternifolius Wallich Didymocarpus esquirolii H. Léveillé; Hemiboea himalayensis H. Léveillé. US Rhynchoglossum Blume R. obliquum Blume, Bijdr , 'Rhinchoglossum'. C. B. Clarke, Comm. Cyrt. Beng. 124, t. 88 (1874); in Fl. Br. Ind. 4: 367 (1884). R. 141 hologlossum Hayata; R. obliquum f. albiflorum Kuntze; R. obliquum f. coeruleum Kuntze; R. obliquum var. hologlossum (Hayata) W. T. Wang; R. obliquum var. parviflorum C. B. Clarke; R. zeylanicum W. J. Hooker; Loxotis obliqua (Wallich) Bentham; Wulfenia oblique Wallich. Small Flowered Rhynchoglossum. AH Rhynchotechum Blume R. ellipticum (Wall. ex D. Dietr.) A. DC. in DC., Prodr. 9: 285 in adnota. 1845, 'Rhyncothecum'; Hook. f. in B. Mag. 96: t (1870); C. B. Clarke, Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. 131, t. 91 (1874), in FI. Brit.lndia 4: 373 (1884). R. latifolium J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex C. B. Clarke; R. obovatum (Griffith) B. L. Burtt. Corysanthera elliptica Wallich ex D. Dietrich, Syn. Pl. 3: ; Chiliandra obovata Griffith. US R. vestitum Wall. ex C. B. Clarke, Comm. Et Cyrt. Beng. 132, T , in FI. Brit. India 4: (1884); Ghosh in Jour. Bengal nat. Hist. Soc. 8 (1): (1989). US. 56. GROSSULARIACEAE DC. in J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck & A.P. de Candolle, Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 4(2): Sep 1805, nom. cons. Genus: 1; Species: Ribes L R. glaciale Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 513 (1824), p.p.; Cat. 229, n (1832), p.p. C. B. Clarke in Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 410 (1878), p.p. Jancz. In Mem. S. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 35:467, f. 173 (1907). Robhay. Shrub R. takare D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal Shrub. 57. HAMAMELIDACEAE R. Br. in C. Abel, Narr. Journey China: Aug 1818, nom. cons. (the witch-hazel family). Genus: 1; Species: Exbucklandia R. W. Br E. populnea (R. Br. ex Griff.) R. W. Br., J. Washingt. Acad. Sci. 36: 348 in textu (1946). Bucklandia populnea R. Brown ex Griffith, Asiat. Res. 19(1): ; B. populifolia J. D. Hooker & Thomson; Aeschynanthus esquirolii H. Léveillé; Symingtonia populnea (R. Brown ex Griffith) Steenis. Chenjushing, Tsusing, Singliang- kúng, Peeplee, Pipla, Pipli. Tree. Common. 58. HELWINGIACEAE Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 6: 69. Aug Genus: 1; Species: Helwingia Willd H. himalaica J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex C.B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 2: H. japonica var. himalaica (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Franchet, Pl. David. 2: 67 (1885), quoad basionym tantum; H. lanceolata Watt ex Das, l.c. 373 (1938), nom. subnud.; H. himalaica var. lanceolata Deb in Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 3: 273 (1962). Pipli. Shrub. Rare. 59. HYDRANGEACEAE Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 36, , nom. cons. (Hydrangea family). Genus: 4; Species:13

49 59.1 Deutzia Thunb D. compacta Craib, Kew Bull. 1913: 264 (1913). D. corymbosa var. hookeriana C. K. Schneid. ; Mitt. Deuts. Dendr. Ges. 13: 184 (1904).Compact Deutzia. Shrub D. corymbosa R. Brown ex G. Don. Gen. Hist. 2: D. hookeriana (Schneider) Airy Shaw. Shrub D. crenata Seib. & Zucc., Fl. Jap. 1: D. scabra Thunberg var. crenata (Siebold & Zuccarini) Maximowicz. Dwarf Deutzia. Shrub D. hookeriana (C. K. Schneider) Airy Shaw, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1934: ; Chaudhuri D. corymbosa var. hookeriana C. K. Schneider, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 13: Bhatti, Bhujru. Shrub D. staminea R. Br. ex Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: 82, t. 191 (1831). D. brunoniana Wallich ex G. Don; D. staminea var. brunoniana (Wallich ex G. Don) J. D. Hooker & Thomson; D. staminea var. sikkimensis C. K. Schneider. Long-Stamen Deutzia. Shrub Dichroa Lour D. febrifuga Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 301 (1790). Adamia cyanea Wall., Tent. Fl. Nap. 46, t. 36 (1826); Cat. 14, n. 441 (1829)]. Das et al Bhasak, Patre, Dharmen. Shrub. Common Hydrangea L H. anomala D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 211 (1825). H. altissima Wallich; H. anomala var. sericea C. C. Yang; H. glabra Hayata; H. glaucophylla C. C. Yang; H. glaucophylla var. sericea (C. C. Yang) C. F. Wei. Sema-kung. SC. Less common H. aspera D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal H. aspera f. emasculata Chun; H. aspera var. strigosior Diels; H. aspera var. velutina Rehder; H. glabripes Rehder; H. villosa Rehder; H. villosa var. delicatula Chun; H. villosa f. sterilis Rehder; H. villosa var. strigosior (Diels) Rehder; H. villosa var. velutina (Rehder) Chun. Phirphire ghans. Shrub. Less common H. bretschneideri Dippel Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 320, f Shrub H. heteromalla D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal H. heteromalla var. parviflora C. Marquand & Airy Shaw; H. khasiana J. D. Hooker & Thomson; H. mandarinorum Diels; H. vestita Wallich, H. vestita Wall. Halonre, Kolenchuk, Phusure kath. Shrub or small tree H. macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser., ; Prodr. 4: 15 (1830). Bigleaf hydrangea, Lacecap hydrangea, Mophead hydrangea, Penny mac, Hortensia. Shrub H. robusta Hook. f. & Thomson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: H. aspera subsp. robusta D. Don; J. Arn. Arb. 37: 373 (1956); H. longialata C. F. Wei; H. maximowiczii H. Léveillé; H. rosthornii Diels; H. rotundifolia C. F. Wei. Bhogote, Bhokote, Phirphire ghans. Shrub. Common Philadelphus L P. tomentosus Wall. ex G. Don, ; Gen. Syst. 2: 807 (1832). P. tomentosus forma nepalensis Wall. ex G. Don; Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo Bull., 2: 47 (1971). 142 P. coronarius var. tomentosus L., ; J. Linn.S. B. 2: 83 (1857). Shrub. 60. HYPERICACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (St. john's-wort family). Genus: 1; Species: Hypericum L H. benghalense S.N. Biswas, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 29: publ (Unresolved). AH. Endemic H. choisianum Wall. ex. N. Robson in Nasir & Ali, Fl. W. Pakistan. 32: Herb. Rare H. dyeri Rehder, J. Arn. Arb. 20: (Unresolved). H. coriaceum Royle, lllustr. Bot. Himal nomen. H. govanianum Wall., Numer. List no nomen. H. lysimachioides Wall. [Numer. List No , nomen] ex Dyer in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: Collett, Fl. Simlensis: , non Boiss. Et Noe (1853). Dyer s hypericum. Shrub. Uncommon H. elodioides Choisy, in DC., Prodr. 1: 551 (1824). H. napaulense Choisy in DC., Prodr. 1: 552 (1824). Jibre ghans. PH. Common H. gracilipes Stapf ex C.E.C. Fisch, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1940: (Unresolved). AH. Endemic. Rare H. himalaicum N. Robson, J. Jap. B. 52: 287 (1977). H. monanthemum J.D. Hooker & Thomson ex Dyer var. brachypetalum Franchet. PH H. hookerianum Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or. 1: 99 (1834) var. leschenaulti Choisy (pro spec.); Gamble 1878; Das el al H. patulum ssp. hookerianum (Wight & Arn.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 60 (1891); Norysca hookeriana (Wight & Arn.) Wight, Ill. Ind. B. 1: 110 (1840). Hooker s St. Johnswort; Doli phul, Mehandiphul; Tumbomri. Shrub H. humifusum L. Sp. Pl. ed (1753) ssp. suborbiculatum S.N. Biswas Bull. Bot. Surv. India 29(1?4): 53 (1987 publ. 1989) 1989.Trailing St John's wort. PH. Threatened H. japonicum Thunb. ex Murray; Syst. Veg. ed. 14, 702 (Jul. 1784). Thunb., Fl. Jap. 295, t. 31 (Aug. 1784). D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 219 (1825). Royle, Ill. B. Him. 131, t. 24, f. 2 (1834). Dyer in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 256 (1874). Burkill in Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 4: 99 (1910). H. cavaleriei H. Léveillé; H. chinense Osbeck (1757), nom. utique rej., not Linnaeus (1759), nor Retzius (1788); H. japonicum var. calyculatum R. Keller; H. japonicum var. cavaleriei (H. Léveillé) Koidzumi; H. japonicum var. maximowiczii R. Keller; H. japonicum var. thunbergii (Franchet & Savatier) R. Keller; H. laxum (Blume) Koidzumi; H. nervatum Hance; H. thunbergii Franchet & Savatier; Sarothra japonica (Thunberg) Y. Kimura; Brathys japonica (Thunberg) Wight; B. laxa Blume; S. laxa (Blume) Y. Kimura. Yurile jhar. AH. Abundant H. lysimachioides Wall. Numer. List (Unresolved). Small shrub H. monanthemum Hook. f. & Thomson ex Dyer; Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 256 (1874). H. monanthemum ssp. filicaule (Dyer) N. Robson, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat.

50 Hist.), Bot. 31: ; H. filicaule (Dyer) N. Robson; H. monanthemum subsp. Monanthemum; H. bachii H. Léveillé; H. mairei H. Léveillé (1915), not H. Léveillé (1912); H. monanthemum var. nigropunctatum Franchet; Ascyrum filicaule Dyer in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: Tenikmolitong. PH. Rare H. oblongifolium Choisy, Prodr. Monogr. Hyper. 42, t (Unresolved). H. cernuum Roxb. ex D. Don; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 218 (1825) Plate 385, 393, 64. H. patulum var. oblongifolium (Choisy) Koehne; Deuts. Dendr. 415 (1893), p.p. quoad typum. Pendant St. John s wort; Pingniaro, Phiunli, Kalan. PS. Common H. patulum Thunb., Syst. Veg. (ed. 14) ; C.B. Clarke. H. argyi H. Leveille & Vaniot; Komana patula (Thunberg) Y. Kimura ex Honda; Norysca patula (Thunberg) J. Voigt. Sungold or goldencup St. John's Wort; Urilo. PS. Common H. petiolulatum Hook. f. & Thomson ex Dyer; Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 255 (1874). H. petiolulatum ssp. petiolulatum; H. petiolulatum var. orbiculatum Franchet; H. thomsonii R. Keller. AH. Abundant H. uralum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Bot. Mag. 50: t (1823); Prodr. Fl. Nep. 218 (1825). H. nepalense K. Koch; Dendrol. 1: 497 (1869) in syn., non H. napaulense Choisy (1824); H. patulum (Thunb) var. uralum (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Koehne; Deuts. Dendr. 415 (1893); H. patulum Thunberg var. attenuatum Choisy; H. patulum var. uralum (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Koehne; Norysca urala (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) K. Koch. Tumbomri, Urilo, Yurilo. Shrub. Sparse. Less common H. wightianum Wall. ex Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: Hypericum bodinieri H. Léveillé & Vaniot; H. delavayi R. Keller. AH. Uncommon. 61. ICACINACEAE Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 8: 174. Sep 1851, nom. cons. (the Icacina Family). Genus: 2; Species: Natsiatum Buch.-Ham. ex Arn N. herpeticum Buch.-Ham. ex Arn., Edinb. New Philos. J. 16: ; Gamble N. tonkinense Gagnepain. Sungoo-rik. SC. Less common Nothapodytes Blume N. nimmoniana (J. Graham) Mabberley in K. S. Manilal, Bot. Hist. Hort. Malab ; Taxon 29: N. dimorpha (Craib) Sleumer; N. foetida (Wight) Sleumer; Premna nimmoniana J. Graham, Cat. Pl. Bombay ; Mappia insularis (Matsumura) Hatusima; M. ovata Miers; M. ovata var. insularis Matsumura; Stemonurus foetidus Wight. Ghanera. Tree. 62. JUGLANDACEAE DC. ex Perleb, Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl.: 143. Mai 1818, nom. cons. (the walnut family). Genus: 2; Species: Engelhardia Lesch. ex Blume E. spicata Lesch. ex Blume, Bijdr. 528 (1826). Engelhardtia aceriflora (Reinw.) Blume, Fl. Javae t Maple-leaf Engelhardtia; Mauwa, Simkukra, Sugreot-kung. Tree. Less common E. spicata var. colebrookeana (Lindl. ex Wall.), Koord. & Valet., Bijdr. 5 (Meded. Lands Plantent. 33): (Unresolved). E. colebrookiana Lindl. ex Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 4, pl Short-winged Engelhardtia. Mauwa. Tree. Less common Juglans L J. regia L., Sp. Pl. 2: J. duclouxiana Dode; J. fallax Dode; J. kamaonia (C. de Candolle) Dode; J. orientis Dode; J. regia var. sinensis C. de Candolle; J. sinensis (C. de Candolle) Dode. Walnut, Akrot, Kowal-kúng, Tashing, Dhant Okhar. Tree. Frequent. 63. LAMIACEAE Martinov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: Aug 1820, nom. cons., nom. alt. = LABIATAE (the Mint Family). Genus: 27; Species: Achyrospermum Blume A. densiflorum Blume; Bijdr. 841 (1826). Achyrospermum philippinense Bentham; A. phlomoides Blume. Dense-flowered Achyrospermum. SH Ajuga L A. lobata D. Don, ; Prodr. Pl. Nep. 108 (1825). PH A. macrosperma Wall. ex Benth., Pl. As. Rar. 1: 58 (1830) var. breviflora Wall. ex Benth., Fl. Br. Ind. 4: 704 (1885). A. repens Roxb., Fl.Ind. ed. 2, 3: 3 (1832). Ghoke ghans. PH. Endangered A. macrosperma var. thomsonii (Maxim.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India. 4: A. thomsonii Maximowicz, Melanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 11: Anisochilus (Wall.) Benth A. carnosus (L.f.) Bentham, Edward's Bot. Reg. 15: t Lavandula carnosa Linneaus f., Suppl. Pl Thick leaved lavender. AH Anisomeles R.Br A. indica (L.) Kuntze; Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 512 (1891). A. ovata R. Brown; Nepeta indica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: ; Epimeredi indica (Linnaeus) Rothmaler; Marrubium indicum (Linnaeus) Myanmarn. Gobura; Rato charpate. AH. Common Calamintha Mill C. wallichiana Das et al. 2008; Palit & Banerjee 2013 (Not recorded in the Kew Plant List). Herb Clinopodium L C. piperitum (D. Don) Murata, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 28: Satureja piperita (D.Don) Briq.; Thymus piperitus D.Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal PH C. umbrosum (M. Bieb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: C. umbrosum (M. Bieb.) C. Koch in Linnaea. 11: ; Calamintha umbrosa (M. Bieb.) Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 6: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: ; Mukerjee in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1: ; C. repens (D.

51 Don) Benth. in DC., Froth. 12: ; Melissa umbrosa M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Cauc. 2: ; Satureja umbrosa (M. Bieb.) Scheele in Flora (Regensburg). 26: Shady Calamint, Transvaal caldelabra tree; Bilajor, Suparnasa. PH Colebrookea Sm C. oppositifolia Smith, Exot. Bot. 2: C. ternifolia Roxburgh; Buchanania oppositifolia Sm.; Elsholtzia oppositifolia (Smith) Poiret.; Sussodia oppositifolia (Sm.) Buch.-Ham. Indian squirrel tail; Dosro, Dhursuli, Kumhyem kúng. Shrub. Sparse Craniotome Rchb C. furcata (Link) Kuntze, ; Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 516 (1891). Ajuga furcata Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: ; Anisomeles furcata (Link) Sweet; Anisomeles nepalensis Sprengel; Craniotome versicolor Reichenbach; Nepeta versicolor Trevisan de Saint-Leon. Batule silam. SH Elsholtzia Willd E. blanda (Benth.) Benth., ; Lab. Gen. Sp. 162 (1833); in DC., Prodr. 12: 160 (1848). Aphanochilus blandus Bentham, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: ; Perilla elata D. Don. Ban Silam, Mrigay-jhar/Mirey-jhar. SH. Less common E. flava (Benth.) Benth.; Lab. Gen. Sp. 161 (1833); in DC., Prodr. 12: 160 (1848). Aphanochilus flavus Bentham, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: Ban silam, Lenjaa, Mranja. SH E. fruticosa (D. Don) Rehder; in Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 3: 381 (1917). E. fruticosa var. fruticosa; E. dielsii H. Léveillé; E. fruticosa (D. Don) Rehder f. inclusa Sun ex C. H. Hu; E. fruticosa f. leptostachya C. Y. Wu & S. C. Huang; E. fruticosa var. parvifolia C. Y. Wu & S. C. Huang; E. polystachya Bentham; E. souliei H. Léveillé; E. tristis H. Léveillé; Perilla fruticosa D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Elsholtzia polystachya Benth.; Lab. Gen. Sp. 161 (1833); in DC., Prodr. 12: 160 (1848). Aphanochilus fruticosus (D. Don) Kudo; A. polystachys Bentham; A. polystachya Benth.; in Wall., [Cat. 42, n (1829), nom. nud.] Pl. As. Rar. 1: 27, t. 33 (1830); Buddleja plectranthoidea H. Léveillé; Colebrookea oppositifolia Loddiges; B. Cab 5: t. 487 (1820); non Sm. (1805). Leucosceptrum plectranthoideum (H. Léveillé) Marquand. Saano simal. PH. Common E. strobilifera (Benth.) Benth., Lab. Gen. Sp. 163 (1833); in DC., Prodr. 12: 162 (1848). E. exigua Handel-Mazzetti; E. strobilifera var. exigua (Handel- Mazzetti) C. Y. Wu & S. C. Huang; Cyclostegia strobilifera Bentham. Ban Bawari. AH. Less common Gomphostemma Wall. ex Benth G. mastersii Benth. Ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: ; Prain in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 3(2): 268, t ; S.K. Mukherjee in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 14: Small herb. New record (Garg & Singh 2013) Hyptis Jacq H. suaveolens (L.) Poiteau, Ann. Nat. Hist. 7: Ballota suaveolens Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: ; Bysteropogon suaveolens (Linnaeus) Blume; Mesosphaerum suaveolens 144 (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Schauera suaveolens (Linnaeus) Hasskarl. Gange-jhar, Jangali silam. AH Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach I. coetsa (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Kudô, Mem. Fac. Sci. Taihoku Imp. Univ. 2: I. cavaleriei (H. Léveillé) Kudo; I. coetsa var. cavaleriei (H. Léveillé) H. W. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 69: ; I. coetsa var. coetsa. Plectranthus cavaleriei H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: ; P. coetsa Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don var. cavaleriei (H. Léveillé) McKean; P. macreei Bentham; P. mairei H. Léveillé; Rabdosia coetsa (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. Hara var. cavaleriei (H. Léveillé) C. Y. Wu & H. W. Li.; Plectranthus coetsa Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Ocimum coetsa (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Sprengel; P. leptobotrys Diels; P. maddenii Bentham ex J. D. Hooker; P. menthoides Bentham; P. polystachys Sun ex C. H. Hu; Rabdosia anisochila C. Y. Wu; R. coetsa (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. Hara; R. coetsoides C. Y. Wu; R. megathyrsoides H. W. Li; R. pluriflora C. Y. Wu & H. W. Li; R. polystachys (Sun ex C. H. Hu) C. Y. Wu & H. W. Li; R. polystachys var. phylloides C. Y. Wu.; Plectranthus coetsa Buch. - Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 117:1825. Benth. in DC., Prodr. 12: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: ; Mukerjee in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1: Rabdosia coetsa (Such. -Ham. ex D. Don) Hara in Journ. Jap. Bot. 47: Press in Hara et al., Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: PH or subshrub I. lophanthoides (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 60: I. lophanthoides var. gerardianus (Bentham) H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 60: ; I. lophanthoides var. graciliflorus (Bentham) H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 60: Plectranthus gerardianus Bentham, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: ; P. graciliflorus Bentham, Prodr. 12: ; P. gerardianus Bentham var. graciliflorus (Bentham) J. D. Hooker; P. striatus Bentham var. graciliflorus (Bentham) Handel-Mazzetti; P. striatus Bentham var. gerardianus (Bentham) Handel- Mazzetti; P. tatei Hemsley; Rabdosia lophanthoides (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. Hara var. gerardiana (Bentham) H. Hara. R. lophanthoides (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. Hara var. graciliflora (Bentham) H. Hara. Crested Flower Isodon. PH I. repens (Wall. ex Benth) Murata, Acta Phyt. Geobot. 22: ; in Fl. E. Him Plectranthus repens Wall. ex Benth. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2 (5): ; Rabdosia repens (Wall. ex Benth.) H. Hara, J. Jap. B. 47: PH I. scrophularioides (Wallich ex Bentham) Murata. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 22: PH Leonotis (C.H. Persoon) R.Br L. nepetifolia (L.) R. Br., Hortus Kew. (ed. 2) 3: Leonurus nepetifolius (L.) Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8, ; Phlomis nepetifolia L. Sp. Pl Annual Lion's Ear, Devil's Pincushion, Lion's Tail; Udush mara; Hejurchi. AH.

52 63.14 Leucas R.Br L. aspera (Willd.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: Phlomis aspera Willdenow, Enum. Pl Common Leucas, Thumba; Chhota-halkusa. AH. Common L. decemdentata var. decemdentata (Kew checklist). L. mollissima Wall. ex Benth. in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 1: 62 (1830); Lab. Gen. Sp. 607 (1834); in DC., Prodr. 12: 525 (1848). var. mollissima; L. mollissima var. scaberula J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 4: Gumpate. PH L. lavandulifolia Sm.; in Rees, Cyclop. 20: 2 (1819). L. indica (L.) R. Br. ex Vatke, Oesterr. B. Zeits. 25: ; L. linifolia (Roth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 743 (1825); Phlomis linifolia Roth, Nov. Sp. 260 (1821). Thumba, Drona Puspi, Gante phool, Gummi, Julphi jhar, Guma, Durup. AH. Abundant Leucosceptrum Sm L. canum Sm., Exot. B. 2: 113, t. 116 (1805); Das et al Clerodendrum leucosceptrum D. Don; Comanthosphace nepalensis Kitamura & Murata; Teucrium macrostachyum Wallich ex Bentham. Bhusure, Ghurpis. Shrub. Common Melissa L M. axillaris (Benth.) Bakh. f., in Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 2: 629 (1965). Geniosporwum axillare Benth. in Wall., Pl. Asia, Rar. 2: 18 (1830); Calamintha cavaleriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot; M. hirsuta Blume; M. parviflora Bentham; M. parviflora var. purpurea Hayata. Small-Leaved Purple Melissa. PH M. officinalis L., Sp. Pl Faucibarba officinalis (L.) Dulac; Mutelia officinalis (L.) Gren. ex Mutel. Lemon Balm. PH Mentha L M. arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: M. parvifolia Opiz, Naturalientausch 9: Wild Mint, Kalo Pudina. PH. Sparse M. x piperita L., Sp. Pl pro sp. (M. aquatica x M. spicata L.); Benth. in DC., Prodr. 12: (Not recorded in Kewlist). Pudina. PH Ocimum L O. kilimandscharicum Gürke, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: O. johnstonii Baker; O. tortuosum Baker. Kilimanjaro basil, Camphor basil, Hoary basil, Fever plant. US O. tenuiflorum L., Mant. Pl. 1: O. sanctum L., Mant. Pl Tulsi. AH. Very common Perilla L P. frutescens (L.) Britton, Mem. Torrey B. Club 5: 277 (1894). P. frutescens var. frutescens Ocimum frutescens Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: ; Melissa cretica Loureiro; M. maxima Arduino; Mentha perilloides Lamarck; Perilla avium Dunn; P. ocymoides Linnaeus; P. urticaefolia Salisbury. Silam. AH Phlomis L P. bracteosa Royle ex Benth., Bot. Misc 3: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: , incl. var. longifolia; S.K. Mukherjee in Rec. Bot. Surv. 145 India 14: P. lamiifolia Royle ex Benth., Bot. Misc. 3: , nom. Superfl. P. Simplex Royle ex Benth., Bot. Misc. 3: P. cordata Royle ex Benth., Bot. Misc. 3: Herb. New record (Garg & Singh 2013) P. macrophylla Wall. ex Benth., in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 1: 62 (1830); in DC., Prodr. 12: 543 (1848). Phlomis setigera Falc. ex Benth.: Fl. E. Himal. 280 (1966). Herb P. tibetica C. Marquand & Airy Shaw, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: ; S.K. Mukherjee in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 14: ; Fl. E. Himal. 280 (1966). New Record (Garg & Singh 2013). Small herb Phlomoides Moench P. hamosa (Benth.) Mathiesen, Kew Bull. 66: Notochaete hamosa Benth., Edward's Bot. Reg. 15: t ; Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: ; Kumar PH. Common Pogostemon Desf P. amaranthoides Benth., in DC., Prodr. 12: 153 (1848). Nampani, Rudhila, Rasangan. Herb. Common P. benghalensis (Burm. f.) O. Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: P. parviflorus Benth., P. plectranthoides Desf. Ann. Mus. Paris 2: 155 (1815); Origanum benghalense Burm. f., Fl. Indica Bengal pogostemon; Rudhilo, Basdam, Nampani, Utajara, Rutili, Kali-bant. Herb P. menthoides Blume, Bijdr P. fraternus Miquel. PH Prunella L P. vulgaris L., Sp. Pl. 2: P. vulgaris var. vulgaris; P. vulgaris var. elongata Makino; P. vulgaris var. japonica Kudo; P. vulgaris var. leucantha Schur. Common self-heal or heal-all. Herb. Abundant Pseudocaryopteris (Briq.) P.D.Cantino P. bicolor (Roxb. ex Hardw.) P.D. Cantino. Syst. Bot. 23: , publ Caryopteris bicolor (Roxb. ex Hardw.) Mabb.; C. odorata (D. Don) B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: C. wallichiana Schauer. Prodr. 11: ; Clarke in Hook. f., l.c. 597; Clerodendrum odoratum (Ham. ex Roxb.) D. Don., Prod ; Volkameria bicolor Roxb. ex Hardw. Asiat. Res. 6: ; V. odorata Ham. ex Roxb., Hort. Beng Bluebeard, Blue Mist Shrub. Shrub P. paniculata (C.B. Clarke) P.D. Cantino, Syst. Bot. 23: , publ Caryopteris paniculata C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 4: Rotheca Rafinesque R. serrata (L.) Steane & Mabb. Novon 8: Clerodendron serratum Spreng., C. serratum (L.) Moon.; Cyclonema serratum (L.) Hochst.; Volkameria serrata L. Blue fountain bush, Blueflowered glory tree, Beetle killer. Shrub. Frequent Salvia L S. campanulata Wall. ex Benth., in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 1: 67 (1830); in DC., Prodr. 12: 276 (1848). S. campanulata var. campanulata; S. campanulata var. fissa E. Peter; in Fedde, Repert. 39: 179 (1936).

53 S. campanulata var. hirtella E. Peter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: ; in Fedde, Repert. 39: 179 (1936). S. campanulata var. nepalensis E. Peter; in Fedde, Repert. 39: 179 (1936); S. campanulata var. piliniphylla E. Peter; in Fedde, Repert. 39: 179 (1936). Campanula Leaf Sage. PH S. coccinea Buc'hoz ex Etlinger, De Salvia ; Juss. ex Murr., Comment. Gotting. 1: 86 (1779). Forest fire, Texas sage, Humming bird s sage, Summer jewel red, scarlet sage, tropical sage, blood sage. AH S. leucantha Cav., ; Ic. 1: 16, t. 24 (1791). Mexican bush sage, White blooming sage. PS S. plectranthoides Griffith, Notul. 4: 199 (1830); Icon. Pl. Asia. t. 450 (1854)-Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 655 (1885)-Peter-Stial in Fedde, Repert. 39: 186 (1936)-Mukerjee, Lab. Ind. 106 (1940). S. japonica Thunberg var. gracillima Diels; S. japonica var. kaiscianensis Pampanini; S. japonica var. parvifoliola Hemsley; S. pinnata Pavolini; S. tuberifera H. Léveillé. Distr. Long coronate sage. AH Scutellaria L S. discolor Wall. ex Benth., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: (Unresolved). S. discolor var. discolor; S. indica Blume, Bijdr. 839 (1825); non L. (1753), nec Roxb. (1832); S. salvia H. Léveillé. Discoloured skullcap; Nilo butte ghans, Daampaate. AH S. violacea B. Heyne ex Benth., in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 1: 66 (1830). S. violacea var. sikkimensis Hook. f., ; Fl. Br. Ind. 4: 668 (1885). S. coleifolia H. Léveillé. PH. 64. LARDIZABALACEAE R. Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13(1): Mai 21 Jun 1821, nom. cons. (the Lardizabala Family). Genus: 2; Species: Decaisnea Hook.f. & Thomson D. insignis (Griffith) Hook.f. & Thomson, Proc. Linn. Soc. London. 2: D. fargesii Franchet; Slackia insignis Griffith, Itin. Pl. Khasyah Mts. 2: 187. no Dead man s fingers, Nomorchi, Loodooma. Shrub Holboellia Wall H. angustifolia Wall., Tent. Fl. Napal. 1: H. latifolia Wall. var. angustifolia Wall., ; Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 108 (1872). H. angustifolia subsp. Angustifolia; H. acuminata Lindley; H. angustifolia Diels (1900), not Wallich (1824); H. angustifolia var. angustissima Diels; H. angustifolia var. minima Réaubourg; H. fargesii Réaubourg; H. latifolia Franchet (1885), not Wallich (1824); H. latifolia Wallich var. acuminata (Lindley) Gagnepain; H. latifolia Wallich var. angustifolia (Wallich) J. D. Hooker & Thomson; H. latifolia var. bracteata Gagnepain; H. marmorata Handel-Mazzetti; Stauntonia longipes Hemsley. Gufla, Malkati. SC. Less common H. latifolia Wall., Tent. Fl. Nap. 24, t ; Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind. 1: ; Hook. f., l.c 108. H. latifolia var. latifolia, H. latifolia ssp. latifolia, Stauntonia latifolia Wallich. Gufla, Kaolrik, Malkati, Chiriyanangri; Pronchadik; Domhyem. SC. Less common LAURACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Laurel Family). Genus: 12; Species: Actinodaphne Nees A. citrata (Blume) Hayata. Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: (Unresolved). Litsea citrata Blume, Bijdr.: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: ; L. kingii Hook.; Tetranthera citrata (Blume) Nees, Syst. Laur Mountain pepper, Pheasantpepper; Siltimur. Tree. Common A. longipes Kostermans, Reinwardtia 9: A. reticulata var. glabra Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): Tree A. obovata (Nees) Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Tetradenia obovata Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: ; Litsea obovata (Nees) Nees (1836), not Hayata (1911). Runchey, Runchepat, Mordo-kung, Kohulking. Tree. Rare A. reticulata Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 212 (1864). Jozoste reticulata Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: Masino khapate. Tree A. sikkimensis Meisn., in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 213 (1864). Sik siki, Phurke sissi, Payong kung. Tree. Common Beilschmiedia Nees B. assamica Meissn., Prodr. 15(1): Tree. Sporadic B. clarkei Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 5: Tarsing. Tree. Endemic. Rare B. roxburghiana Nees in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: B. fagifolia Nees Laurus bilocularis Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: Kanyoo-kúng, Thulo tarsing. Tree. Rare Cinnamomum Schaeff C. bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet, Hort. Brit C. obtusifolium (Roxburgh) Nees in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: (Gamble s list); Laurus bejolghota Buchanan- Hamilton, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13(2): ; Laurus bezolghota Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., Numer. List 2574, C 1830; L. obtusifolia Roxburgh. Bara singolee, Bhale Sinkauli, Drongdo, Nupsor-kúng, Lapanriang sniang, Thingbaithum suak, N tumapali. Tree. Vulnerable C. camphora (L.) J. Presl, Prir. Rostlin 2: 36, 47 56, t ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Laurus camphora L. Sp. pl. 1: Camphor laurel, Karpur. Tree C. glanduliferum (Wall.) Meisner in A. Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Laurus glandulifera Wallich, Trans. Med. Soc. Calcutta 1: ; Camphora glandulifera (Wallich) Nees. False Camphor Tree; Nepal Camphor Tree; Gunserai, Malligiri, Sinkaulee, Rohu-kúng. Tree. Less common C. glaucescens (Nees) Hand.-Mazz., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 85: Cecicodaphne glaucescens Nees in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: ; C. cecidodaphne Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 15 (1): ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: ; Brandis, Ind.

54 Trees: Malagiri, Ganserai, Nepali Sassafras, Mslagedi, Kokilaa, Kawala, Telkaulo, Sugandha kokila. Tree. Endemic. Less common C. impressinervium Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): ; Gamble Korsane, Sissi. Shrub or small tree. Less common C. tamala (Buch.-Ham.) Nees & Eberm., Handb. Med.-Pharm. B. 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: ; Gamble Laurus tamala Buch.-Ham. in Tr. Linn. S. 13: Indian cassia, Indian bay leaf; Singoli, Nupsorg-kúng, Tazpat, Tejpat, Lapanriang, Thingdogimtui, N teumaneu, Songsor-kung. Tree. Endemic. Sparse. Near threatened Cryptocarya R.Br C. amygdalina Nees in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: ; Gamble C. floribunda Nees in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: ; Gamble 1878; Laurus floribunda Wall., ; Cat. 79, n A & B (1830), nom. nud., p.p. Kaledso, Patmero. Tree. Common Lindera Thunb L. assamica (Meisn.) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. For. Veg. Pegu, App. A, 103 (1875); Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: ; Gamble, Darj. List 66. Aperula assamica Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 151: , p.p. Paieli, pooalay, phusri, Phamlet, Senashu-kung. Tree. Rare L. latifolia Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: ; Brandis, Ind. Trees: Asian spicebush. Tree. Rare L. obtusiloba var. heterophylla (Meisn.) H.B. Cui, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 31: 416, pl. 107, f. 10, L. heterophylla Meisn. Prodr. 15(1): ; Fl. Br. Ind. v. 180; Gamble Darj. List 06. Japanese Spicebush, Blunt-lobed spice bush. Small tree L. pulcherrima (Nees) Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 5(13): ; Gamble Darj. List 66. Dapknidium pulcherrimum, Nees; Brandis For. Fl. 383; Kurz For. Fl. ii Sissi, Nupsor-kúng, Phusure, Sinhal. Tree Litsea Lam L. albescens (J. D. Hooker) D. G. Long, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: L. oblonga (Nees) J. D. Hooker var. albescens J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 5: Shrub or small tree L. cubeba (Lour.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2 (1): L. citrata Blume, Laurus cubeba Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: ; Tetranthera cubeba (Lour.) Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): Siltimur. Tree. Rare L. elongata (Nees) Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 5: L. elongata var. elongata, Daphnidium elongatum Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: Pahenle. Tree. Common L. glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob. Philipp. J. Sci., C 6: L. glutinosa var. glutinosa, L. sebifera Pers. Suppatnyok. Tree. Common L. hookeri (Meisn.) D.G. Long, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: (Unresolved). L. hookeri var. khasyana (Meisn.) T. Bhuinya & P. Singh comb. nov. (Bhuinya and Singh 2013). L. 147 khasyana (Meisn.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 164 (1886). Nom. Illeg. (non Meisn. 1864). Cylicodaphne hookeri Meisn. Prodr. 15(1): ; Malapoenna hookeri Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: ; Tetranthera khasyana Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 185 (1864). Dudhe lampati, Thulo pahenle. Tree. Less common L. kingii Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 5: Small tree L. kurzii King ex Hook, f., Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Brandis, Ind. Trees: (Unresolved). Malapoenna kurzii Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: Small tree L. lancifolia (Roxburgh ex Nees) Bentham & Hook.f. ex Fernández-Villar in Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed (Nov. App.): ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: L. lancifolia var. lancifolia; Tetranthera lancifolia Roxburgh ex Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: Kali Pahenle, Makkai kath. Shrub or small tree. Less common L. laeta (Wall. ex Nees) Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: Akhaterwa, Phamlet-kúng, Chimplet kúng. Shrub or small tree. Less common L. monopetala (Roxb.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: L. polyantha Juss., Ann. Mus. Paris 6: ; Tetranthera macrophylla Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: ; T. monopetala Roxb., Pl. Coromand. 2: 26. t ; T. quadriflora Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: Litsa, Kutmeri, Seychhanglushing, Kutmiro, Kadmero, Pahele. Tree. Common L. panamanja (Buchanon Hamilton ex Nees) Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: ; Prain, Beng. Pl. 2: ; Long in Gierson & Long, Fl. Bhut. 1(2): ; Kanjilal et al, Fl. Ass. 4: Tetranthera panamanja Buchanon Hamilton ex Nees, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: Painle champ, Dudhi lampati. Tree. Less common L. salicifolia (Roxb. ex Nees) J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 5: L. atrata S. K. Lee; L. polyantha Jussieu f. glabra H. Liu; L. salicifolia f. glabra (H. Liu) C. K. Allen. Tetranthera salicifolia Roxburgh ex Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: Sano Pahalae. Small tree. Less common L. sericea (Wall. ex Nees) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India. 5: Tetranthera sericea Wallich ex Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: ; Lindera esquirolii H. Léveillé; L. griffithii Meisner; L. hookeri Meisner; L. oreophila J. D. Hooker. Small tree. Less common L. sikkimensis (Meisn.) Kosterm. ex D.G. Long, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: (Unresolved); Bhuinya et al Small tree. Less common Machilus Nees M. clarkeana King ex Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: (Unresolved). Persea clarkeana (King ex Hook. f.) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 6: Chipley kaulo. Tree M. duthiei King ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: , in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 9(1):67, t ; Persea duthiei (King ex Hook. f.)

55 Kosterm., Reinwardtia 6: Mahilo kaulo, Pore. Tree M. edulis King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: (Unresolved). Aracado; Guli, Kaulo, Lapche phal, Lapche kawla, Pomse, Phumkung. Tree. Rare M. gamblei King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India. 5: M. bombycina King ex J. D. Hooker; M. suaveolens S. K. Lee; Persea bombycina (King ex J. D. Hooker) Kostermans; P. gamblei (King ex J. D. Hooker) Kostermans; P. suaveolens (S. K. Lee) Kostermans. Kawla, Rohun-kung, Shum. Tree M. gammieana King ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: (Unresolved). Persea gammieana (King ex Hook. f.) Kosterm. ex Kosterm. & Chater in H. Hara et al., Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 3: Kawla chipili. Tree. Less common M. glaucescens (Nees) Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5(2): M. villosa (Roxb.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5(13): ; Ocotea glaucescens Nees, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: ; Persea glaucescens (Nees) D.G. Long, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(3): ; Phoebe glaucescens (Nees) Nees, Syst. Laur (Gamble s list). Chipley kaulo, Surool, Vaisi kawla. Tree. Less common M. parviflora Meisn. Prodr. 15(1): (Unresolved). Herb Neocinnamomum H.Liu N. caudatum (Nees) Merr. Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8: Cinnamomum caudatum Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: (Gamble s list). Kharsoni, Sanging-kúng. Tree Neolitsea (Benth. & Hook.f.) Merr N. cuipala (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Kosterm., Bull. B. Surv. Ind. 10: Laurus cuipala Hamilton ex D. Don, l.c. Koster-mans, l.c. 80; Litsea cuipala (D. Don) N.P. Balakr. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 63: ; Tetranthera cuipala D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal Kalche, Phephe. Tree N. umbrosa (Nees) Gamble, Pl. Wilson. 2: N. foliosa (T. Nees) Gamble, Fl. Madras ; Litsea foliosa (Nees) Nees, Syst. Laur ; L. umbrosa (Nees) Nees, Syst. Laur ; Tetradenia foliosa Nees, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: ; T. umbrosa Wall, Numer. List Shrub or small tree Parasassafras D.G. Long P. confertiflora (Meisn.) D.G. Long, in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(3): Litsea confertiflora (Meisn.) Kosterm., L. shweliensis W.W. Sm., Neocinnamomum confertiflorum (Meisn.) Kosterm. Small tree. Less common Persea Mill P. fructifera Kosterm. Reinwardtia 6: (Unresolved). Machilus edulis King ex Hook.f. Lapche phal, Lepche kaulo. Tree. Sparse P. odoratissima (Nees) Kosterm., J. Sci. Res. Indon. 1: Machilus odoratissima Nees in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: ; Brandis, Ind. Trees: Fragrant bay tree; Seto kaulo, Lali kaulo or 148 Kawla; Lali; Jagrikat; Phamlet-kúng, Rohunkung. Tree. Less common P. wallichii D.G. Long, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: (Unresolved). Machilus sericea (Nees) Blume; Mus. B. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 330 (1851). Tree Phoebe Nees P. attenuata (Nees) Nees, Syst. Laur ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Ocotea attenuata Nees in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: Angare; Aule lapche kawla, Chattakpur, Dudri; Lepchaphal; Phani-kúng. Tree. Less common P. hainesiana Brandis, Hooker's Icon. Pl. 29: t (Unresolved). Angare, Bonsum. Small tree. Endemic. Rare P. lanceolata (Nees) Nees, Syst. Laur ; Gamble 1878; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Ocotea lanceolata Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: ; Laurus lanceolaria Roxburgh; O. ligustrina Nees. Jhakri kath. Tree. Less common. 66. LECYTHIDACEAE A. Rich. in J.B.G.M. Bory de Saint-Vincent, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 9: Feb 1825, nom. cons. (the Brazil-nut Family). Genus: 1; Species: Careya Roxb C. arborea Roxb., ; Pl. Corom. 3: 14, t. 218 (1811); Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: 638 (1832). Wild guava; Boktok-kung, Kumbhi, Kumh. Tree. 67. LENTIBULARIACEAE Rich. in P.A. Poiteau & P.J.F. Turpin, Fl. Paris 1: ed. fol.: 23, ed. qu.: Jan 1808, nom. cons.(bladderwort family). Genus: 1; Species: Utricularia L U. bifida L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Oliver in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 3: ; Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: Philydrum cavaleriei H. Léveillé; Utricularia alata Benjamin; U. biflora Hayata (1911), not Lamarck (1791); U. humilis Vahl; U. recurva Loureiro; U. wallichiana Benj., B. Zeit. 3: Bifid Bladderwort. AH U. furcellata Oliver, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 3: ; C.B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: , partly. Utricularia furcellata var. minor C.B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 4: AH. Rare U. striatula Smith in Rees, Cycl. 37: Utricularia no Meloneura striatula (Smith) Barnhart; Utricularia anthropophora Ridley; U. harlandii Oliver ex Bentham; U. orbiculata Wallich ex A. Candolle; U. rosulata Benjamin; U. taikankoensis Yamamoto. Striped Bladderwort. Epiphyte or terrestrial herb. 68. LINACEAE DC. ex Perleb, Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl.: 107. Mai 1818, nom. cons. (Flax family). Genus: 2; Species: Anisadenia Wall. ex Meisn A. saxatilis Wall. ex Meisn. Pl. Vasc. Gen ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: A. khasyana Griff. Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: PH.

56 68.2 Reinwardtia Dumort R. cicanoba (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Hara, J. Jap. B. 40: ; in Fl. E. Him (Unresolved). Linum tetragynum Colebr. Ex Benth., in Lindl. in B. Reg. 16: sub t ; Reinwardtia tetragyna (Benth.) Planch., in Hook., Lond. J. B. 7: (Gamble s list). Yellow Himalayan Flax; Lalú. Shrub R. indica Dumort., Comm. Bot Kittelocharis trigyna (Reichenbach) Alefeld; Linum cicanobum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don; L. repens Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don; L. trigynum Roxburgh in As. Res. 6 : Reinwardtia indica Dumort., Comm. Bot , not Linnaeus (1753); R.trigyna (Roxb.) Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot , Hook. t., l.c. 412, Gamble 1878; R. tetragyna (Roxb.) Planch. Plates. 68, 119, 237, 277, 396, 461. Macrolinum trigynum Reichenbach. Lalú. US R. tetragyna (Roxb.) Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot Hook. t., l.c. 412 (Unresolved). Linum tetragynum Colebr. ex Wall. Numer. List Yellow flax, Golden girl; Pyauli. Herb to US. 69. LOGANIACEAE R. Br. ex Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 133. Jan Jun 1827, nom. cons. (the Logania Family). Genus: 1; Species: Mitreola L M. petiolata (J. F. Gmelin) Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: Cynoctonum petiolatum J. F. Gmelin, Syst. Nat. ed. 13, ; C. mitreola (Linnaeus) Britton; C. paniculatum (Wallich ex G. Don) Robinson; Mitreola inconspicua Zollinger & Moritzi; M. oldenlandioides Wallich ex A. de Candolle; M. paniculata Wallich ex G. Don; Ophiorrhiza mitreola Linnaeus; Selenocera secundiflora Zippellius ex Spanoghe. Lax hornpod. AH. 70. LORANTHACEAE Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 12: , nom. cons. (the Mistletoe Family). Genus: 6; Species: Dendrophthoe Mart D. falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh., Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 32: Honey Suckle Mistletoe; Vanda. Shrub. Sparse D. pentandra (L.) Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): Loranthus pentandrus L. Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: ; Mant. Pl. 1: (Gamble s list). Mistletoes. Parasitic shrub Helixanthera Lour H. ligustrina (Wall.) Danser Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III, 10: Dithecina ligustrina (Wall.)Tiegh.; Gaiadendron ligus -trinum (Wall.) Engl.; Loranthus ligustrinus Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Hook, f., FBI. 5: Aijaru. Parasitic shrub. Less common H. parasitica Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: Helicia parasitica (Loureiro) Persoon; Leucobotrys adpressa Tieghem; Loranthus adpressus 149 (Tieghem) Lecomte; L. pentapetalus Roxburgh; Fl. Ind. 2: ; ed. 2, 1: (Gamble s list). Liso, Sanu Aijaru. Parasitic shrub. Less common Loranthus N. J. Jacq. [(nom. cons.)] L. farinosus Desr. Encycl., méth. Bot. 3: ; Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). Ajeru. Parasitic shrub L. globosus Roxb. Hort. Bengal. 25 (1814), nomen; Fl. Ind. 2: ; ed. 2, 1: 550 (1832); ed. 2, 2: 187 (1832); Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). Macrosolen chochinsinensis (Lour.) Tiegh.; M. globosus (Roxb.) Tiegh. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 42: ; M. oleoides Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): ; M. sphaerocarpus Blume, Syst. Veg. 7: ; M. viridiflorus Blume, Syst. Veg. 7: Chhoto Manda. Parasitic shrub L. involucratus Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2: (Unresolved). Parasitic shrub L. longiflorus Desr. in Lamk., Encyc. Meth. 3: Hook. f., l.c. 214; Brandis, l.c. 549; Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). L. lineatus Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc Proosti. Large parasitic shrub L. psilanthus Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: (Unresolved). Large parasitic shrub L. pulverulentus Wall. Fl. Ind., ed : Parasitic shrub L. viridiflorus Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). Macrosolen cochinchinensis Lour. Ainjeru. Parasitic shrub Macrosolen C. L. Blume (1830) M. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Tiegh. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41: 122, in text ; Ganguly & Pal, Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 72: Loranthus cochinchinensis Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 1: Common Chinese Mistletoe. Shrub Scurrula L S. elata (Edgew.) Danser, Bull. Jard. B. Buitenzorg 3, 10: Loranthus elatus Edgeworth, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: Tall Mistletoe. Shrub S. parasitica L. Sp. Pl. 1: Aijaru. Shrub. Less common S. parasitica var. parasitica L. Loranthus scurrula L. Parasitic shrub S. parasitica var. graciliflora (Roxb. ex Schult.) H.S. Kiu. Fl. Yunnan. 3: Scurrula graciliflora (Roxb. ex Schult.) Danser, Blumea. 2(2): ; Loranthus graciliflorus Roxb. ex Schult., Syst. Veg. 7: (Gamble s list); L. scurrula var. graciliflorus (Roxb. ex Schult.) Kurz. Forest Fl. Burma 2: ; Scurrula graciliflora (Roxb. ex Schult.) Danser. Blumea 2(2): Mistletoes. Parasitic shrub Viscum L V. album L., Sp. Pl. 2: V. stellatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep ; Gamble Common mistletoe; Hadchur. Parasitic shrub. Not very common. Endangered V. album ssp. meridianum (Danser) D.G. Long. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 40(1): 129.

57 1982. V. costatum Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913(1): ; V. album var. meridianum Danser, Blumea 4: European mistletoe. Parasitic shrub V. articulatum Burm. f., Fl. Ind V. articulatum var. dichotomum (D. Don) Kurz; V. dichotomum D. Don (1825), not Bertero ex Sprengel (1824); V. nepalense Sprengel. var. liquidambaricolum Burm. f., J. Ind. B. S. 36: ; Aspidixia articulata (N. L. Myanmarnn) Tieghem. Parasitic shrub. Least concern V. attenuatum DC. Prodr. 4: ; Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). Aspidixia attenuata Tiegh. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: Hurchu. Parasitic shrub V. liquidambaricola Hayata. Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: , f V. articulatum var. liquidambaricola (Hayata) S. Rao; V. bongariense Hayata, V. querci-morii Hayata. Shrub. Endangered R. mexicana Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 5: 567 (1830). R mexicana var. spruceana (Bentham) Koehne; R. pusilla Tulasne; R. verticillaris Linnaeus var. spruceana (Bentham) Hiern. Ammannia mexicana (Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Baillon; Hypobrichia pruceana Bentham. AH. Common R. rotundifolia (Buchanan-Hamilton ex Roxburgh) Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: Ammannia rotundifolia Buchanan-Hamilton ex Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 1: ; A. subspicata Bentham. Ambapate jhar. AH or PH Woodfordia Salisb W. fruticosa (L.) Kurz, ; J. As. S. Beng. 40(2): ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: Woodfordia floribunda Salisb. Parad. Lond. t Lythrum fruticosum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: ; Grislea punctata Buchanan-Hamilton ex Smith; L. hunteri Candolle. Fire flame bush, Red Bell bush; Ras dhainyaro, Dhainyaro; Darsing; Chyuhuwa; Dhaiyar; Dhurseli. AH or PH. 71. LYTHRACEAE J. St.-Hil., Expos. Fam. Nat. 2: 175. Feb Apr 1805, nom. cons. (the Loosestrife Family). Genus: 6; Species: Cuphea Adans. ex P. Br C. procumbens Ortega, Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec C. procumbens Cav., Ic. 4: 55, t. 380 (1797); Parsonsia procumbens (Ortega) A. Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl Purple star; Sulpa phool. Herb Duabanga Buch.-Ham D. grandiflora (Roxb. ex DC.) Walp.; Repert. 2: 114 (1843). Lagerstroemia grandiflora Roxb. ex DC.; Duabanga sonneratioides Buch.-Ham.; Tr. Linn. S. 17: 177 (1835); Leptospartion grandiflorum (Roxb. ex DC.) Griff. Dur-kung, Balampath, Lampate, Khokan, Kokun, Samgata. Tree. Common Heimia Link H. salicifolia (Kunth) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: Decodon salicifolius (Kunth) Kuntze; Ginoria flava Moç. & Sessé ex DC.; Nesaea salicifolia Kunth; Nesaea salicifolia H.B. & K., Nov.Gen.et Sp Sinicuichi. Shrub Lagerstroemia L L. hirsuta Willd. Sp. Pl. 2(2): (Unresolved). Adambea hirsuta Lam. Encycl. 1: ; Murtughas hirsuta Kuntze. Crepe Myrtle, Crape Myrtle, Asarephool, Jarul. Tree. Rare L. indica L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1076 (1759). L. chinensis Lamarck; Murtughas indica (Linnaeus) Kuntze. Crape Myrtles; Asare. Shrub or small tree L. parviflora Roxb., Pl. Corom. 1: 47, t (Unresolved). Ashare, Buradhoyaro, Borderi, Bhot Dhaiyanro, Kunhil-kung, Sidha. Tree. Common L. speciosa (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: L. flosreginae Retz. Pride of India, Queen s flowers, Queen crape myrtle, Jarul. Tree. Common Rotala Linn R. ordata Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: R. diversifolia Koehne. AH. 72. MAGNOLIACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Magnolia Family); Chaudhuri Genus: 2; Species: Liriodendron Linn L. tulipifera L., Sp. Pl Tulip tree; Yellow Popler. Tree Magnolia M. campbellii Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: 77 (1855); in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 41 (1872); Gamble 1878; Ghosh & Saha Campbell s Magnolia, Ghoge Champ, Lal Champ, Sagok, Sigumgrip, Pendder, Purbeli Chanp. Tree. Common M. cathcartii (Hook. f. & Thoms.) Noot. Blumea 31: Alcimandra cathcartii (Hook.f. & Thomson) Dandy; Michelia cathcartii Hook. f. & Thoms. Fl. Ind. 1: ; M. gustavii King; Sampacca cathcartii (Hook.f. & Thomson) Kuntze). Kala champ, Atok-dung, Titey Champ; Gokdum. Tree. Common. Rare above 2,000m M. champaca (L.) Baillon ex Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. t ; Michelia champaca L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: Golden champak; Champ, Aule-Champ; Oulia Champ; Sun chanp. Tree. Rare M. doltsopa (Buchanan-Hamilton ex DC) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Magnoliac M. excels Wall, Tent. Fl. Nepal Michelia doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC., Syst. Nat. 1: ; M. excelsa (Wall.) Blume ex Wall., Cat. 220, n (Gamble s list); Michelia calcuttensis P. Parmentier; M. manipurensis G. Watt ex Brandis, Indian Trees ; M. wardii Dandy; Sampacca excelsa (Wallich) Kuntze.; Tent. Fl. Nap. 5, t. 2 (1824). Michelia excelsa (Wall.) Blume ex Wall., Cat. 220, n Sampacca excelsa (Wall.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 6 (1891). White magnolia, Temple magnolia; Bara Champ; Mithey champ; Rani champ, Seto or Safed Champ; Singugrip; Gok. Tree. Less common. 150

58 M. globosa Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: 77 (1855); in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 41 (1872); Gamble Kokre champ. Tree M. grandiflora L., Syst. Nat., ed : ; Herklots in J. RHS. 89: 295 (1964); Dandy in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: 25 (1979); M. obovata Thunb. Bull bay, Andachampa, Himchampa, Champa, Rukh kamal. Tree M. hodgsonii (Hook.f.& Thoms.) H. Keng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 31: M. liliifera (L.) Baill. var. obovata (Korth.) Govaerts; Talauma hodgsonii Hook.f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: , Gamble Bhalukath, Patpatta, Harré, Siffukúng. Tree. Rare M. kingii (Dandy) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Magnoliac Michelia kingii Dandy, J. Bot. 66: Ban champ. Tree. Not common M. kisopa (Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Figlar Proc. Int. Symp. Magnoliac M. kisopa Buch.- Ham. ex DC., Syst. Nat. 1: Ban champ. Tree M. lanuginosa (Wall.) Figlar & Noot., Blumea 49: M. velutina (DC.) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Magnoliac. 1: 23 (2000), nom. illeg. Michelia velutina DC., Prodr. 2: (Chaudhuri 1992); M. lanuginosa Wall., Tent. Fl. Nepal , Gamble s list; Sampacca lanuginosa (Wall.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.: Phusre, Gogay champ, Phusrey champ, Igfuay Champ. Tree. Less common M. liliflora Desr. Encycl. 3: Egg magnolia; Lily magnolia; Purple magnolia. Shrub M. montana (Blume) Figlar, Proc. internat. symp. fam. Magnoliac ("1998"). Michelia montana Blume. Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten ed. 2, 9: Tree. Rare M. oblonga (Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Figlar, Proc. Internat. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac (2000). Michelia oblonga Wall. ex Hook. f. &Thoms.; M. punduana Hook. f. & Thoms. Sampacca oblonga (Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Kuntze. Shrub. Sporadic. Rare M. pterocarpa Roxb., Pl. Corom. 3: 62, t M. sphenocarpa Wall. ex Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Br. Ind. 1: Patpate, Champ. Tree. Common. 73. MALPIGHIACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Barbados cherry Family). Genus: 2; Species: Aspidopterys Juss A. glabriuscula A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér : A. heterocarpa J. Arènes. Liana A. indica (Willd.) W. Theob. Burmah ed. 3, 2: A. roxburghiana Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 2, 13: (Gamble s list); Hiraea indica (Willd.) Roxb. Pl. Coromandel 2: ; Triopterys indica Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: Shubung-lara, Munkuknyok. SC A. nutans (Roxb. ex DC.) Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, B, 13: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Gamble A. lanuginosa (Wallich) A. 151 Jussieu; Hiraea nutans Roxburgh ex Candolle, Prodr. 1: ; Hiraea lanuginosa Wallich. Shubunglara, Simplútrik. Shrub. Less common A. wallichii Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 1: SC. Less common Hiptage Gaertn H. benghalensis (L.) Kurz, J. As. S. Beng. 43, 2: ; For. Fl. Myanmar 1: H. javanica Blume; H. madablota Gaertner, nom. illeg. superfl.; H. obtusifolia (Roxburgh) Candolle; H. parvifolia Wight & Arnott.; H. benghalensis var. benghalensis; Banisteria benghalensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: ; B. tetraptera Sonnerat; Gaertnera obtusifolia Roxburgh; Charpate laharo. Liana. Less common H. madablota Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: ; Gamble 1878 [unresolved]. Clustered Hiptage; Madhabilata; Saempati; Tungchirrik. Liana. 74. MALVACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the mallow/cotton family). Genus: 22; Species: Abelmoschus Medik A. moschatus Medik, Malvenfam A. abelmoschus (L.) H. Karst.; Hibiscus abelmoschus L. Musk Mallow, Musk okra, Ambrette, Muskyseeded hibiscus, Tropical jewel hibiscus, ornamental okra, annual hibiscus; kalkasturi, latakasturi, mushakdan. PH Abroma Jacq A. augusta (L.) L.f., Suppl. Pl ( Ambroma ); Mast. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: ; Gamble 1878; Basnet A. mollis DC. 1824; Theobroma augusta L. Devil s cotton; Sanukapashi, Shringraj, Tanglu-kung, Ulatkambal; Pivari, Pisach-kar pas. Shrub. Sparse Abutilon Mill A. indicum (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: ; Chaudhuri A. asiaticum (Linnaeus) Sweet; A. cavaleriei H. Léveillé; A. cysticarpum Hance ex Walpers; A. indicum var. populifolium (Lamarck) Wight & Arnott; A. populifolium (Lamarck) G. Don; Sida indica Linnaeus, Cent. Pl. 2: ; S. asiatica Linnaeus; S. populifolia Lamarck. Country Mallow, Indian abutilon, Indian lantern flower, Indian mallow, Monkey bush, Twelve o'clock flower, Flowering Maples, Chinese Bell-flowers, Potari. AH or PH A. megapotamicum (A. Spreng.) A. St.-Hil. & Naudin in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 2 18: A. inflatum, A. vexillarium, Periptera megapotamica, Sida megapotamica Spreng, Fl. Hal. Tent.: Trailing abutilon. Shrub Bombax L B. ceiba L., Sp. Pl. 1: Bombax malabaricum DC.; Gossampinus malabarica (Candolle) Merrill; Salmalia malabarica (Candolle) Schott & Endlicher. Red silk-cotton; Pemageyer shing, Simal, Simul, Sungloo-kúng, Tula. Tree. Sparse Byttneria Loefl. [(nom. cons.)]

59 B. aspera Collebr. ex Wall., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Wall., Cat. 31, n ; Mast. in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Gamble 1878; Banerji in J. Bombay Nat. Hist. S. 51: B. grandifolia DC., Prodr. 1: ; Whitmore in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: ; Malick in Sharma & Sanjappa (eds), Fl. India 3: Nalgi. SC B. pilosa Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Mast. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: ; Gamble 1878; Malick in Sharma & Sanjappa (eds), Fl. India 3: Byttneria elegans Ridley, J. Straits Roy. Asiat. Soc. 57: ; B. pilosa var. pellita Gagnepain. Sali-lara. Shrub or climber Dombeya Lam D. burgessiae Gerrard ex Harv. & Sond., Fl. Cap. 2: D. mastersii Hook.f., Bot.Mag.t ; D. angulata auct.non Cav., Masters in Gard. Chron Pink wild pear. Shrub Eriolaena DC E. wallichii DC Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: Large shrub or small tree Firmiana Marsili F. colorata (Roxb.) R.Br. in Benn. & R. Br., P1. Jav. Rar.: ; Blatter & Millard, Beaut. Ind. Tr. ed ; Malick in Sharma & Sanjappa (eds), Fl. India 3: Erythropsis colorata (Roxb.) Burkill in Straits Settlements Gard. Bull. 5: ; Sterculia colorata Roxb., Pl. Coast Corom. 1: 26. t (Gamble s list); Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 3: ; Masters in Hook.f.Fl.Brit.Ind.l: Phirphiri; Kanhlyem-kúng. Tree Grewia L G. arborea (Forssk.) Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 3: G. excelsa Vahl, Symb. B (Gamble s list). Shrub or small tree G. asiatica L., Mant. 1: G. subinaequalis DC., Prodr. 1: Falsa; Siyal Phusre. Large shrub or small tree G. eriocarpa Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4: Large shrub or small tree. Less common G. hirsuta Vahl, Symb. B. 1: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: Kukurbicha. Shrub or small tree G. laevigata Vahl., Symb. Bot. 1: ; Gamble G. bracteata Mast. in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: , p.p., non Heyne ex Roth 1821; P. Daniel & M. Chandra. in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: Two-lobed Crossberry; Dansagla, Shrub or small tree G. multiflora Jussieu, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4: Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2: ; Gamble G. didyma Roxburgh ex G. Don; G. disperma Rottler ex Sprengel; G. glabra Blume; G. jinghongensis Y. Y. Qian; G. serrulata Candolle. Pharsa, Nilay. Tree G. oppositifolia Roxb. ex DC, Prodr. 1: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; P. Daniel & M. Chandra. in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: G. carpinifolia Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp , p.p.; G. emarginata Wight & Arn., Prodr ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; G. orientalis Roxb. ex Wight & Arn. Taglar. Small tree G. optiva J.R. Drumm. ex Burret., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: G. oppositifolia auct. non DC., Prodr. 1: Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Wight, l.c. t ; Roxb., Fl. Indica 2: ; Roxb. ex Masters in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: ; Stewart & Brandis, For. Fl ; Brandis, Ind. Trees ; G. abulitifolia Juss. Bhimal, Shyal fusray. Small tree G. polygama Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2: Danbangla. Small tree G. sapida Roxb. ex DC., Prodr. 1: ; Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Masters in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: ; Gamble Phalsa-Tenga; Pharsa; Kuail, Taglar-kúng. Small shrub. Common G. sclerophylla Roxb. ex G. Don, ; Gen. Syst. 1: G. scabrophylla Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: (Gamble s list). Phalsa. Low tree or shrub G. serrulata DC., Prodr. 1: G. disperma Rottler ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: ; G. imultiflora Juss. Chiple, Kuail, Dangtaglar. Small tree Helicteres L H. elongata Wallich ex Boj. in Hort. Maurit.: ; Masters in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Malick in Sharma & Sanjappa (eds), Fl. India 3: H. plebeja Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 39(2): ; Mast. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: ; H. glabriuscula Wall. ex Mast. in Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: Shrub H. hirsuta Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: Shrub Hibiscus L H. fragrans Roxb. (Hort. Beng , nom. nud.) Fl. Ind. 3: ; Masters in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. India 1: Liana. Endangered H. scandens Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 3: ; Gamble 1878 (unresolved). Snake vine. SC H. surattensis L., Sp. Pl. 2: Furcaria surattensis (Linnaeus) Kosteletzky. Bush sorrel, Wild sour. AH Kydia Roxb K. calycina Roxb., Pl. Coromandel. 3: K. fraterna Roxburgh; K. roxburghiana Wight. Chamaktangshing, Kubindé, Mahow, Pichala, Sedangtag-lar, Dansasiyok, Bon Kapas. Tree. Less common Malva L M. neglecta Wallroth, Sylloge Plantarum Novarum 1: Common or Dwarf Mallow. AH M. parviflora L., Demonstr. Pl. Ups. prop. Hoyer 18 (1753); in L., Amoen. Acad. 3: 416 (1756). M. microcarpa Desf., M. rotundifolia Auct. Smallflowered mallow, cheeseweed mallow, little mallow, marshmallow. AH Nayariophyton T.K. Paul N. zizyphifolium (Griff.) Long & Miller, Edinburgh J. Bot. 47(3): Kydia zizyphifolia Griffith, Itin. Pl. Khasyah Mts ; Dicellostyles jujubifolia (Griffith) Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen Pl. 1: ; Masters in Hook. f. Fl.

60 Brit. Ind. 1: (Gamble s list 1878); D. zizyphifolia (Griffith) Phuphathanaphong; K. jujubifolia Griffith; Nayariophyton jujubifolium (Griffith) T. K. Paul. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 110(1): Kubindé, Dansaiyok, Dantaglar. Tree Pterospermum Schreber P. acerifolium (L.) Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: ; Mast. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: ; Malick in Sharma & Sanjappa (eds), Fl. India 3: Pentapetes acerifolia L., Sp. Pl.: Hattipaila, Kanakchampa, Singane. Tree. Rare Pterygota Schott et Endl P. alata (Roxburgh) R. Brown in Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar ; Malick in Sharma & Sanjappa (eds), Fl. India 3: P. roxburghii Schott & Endlicher, nom. illeg. superfl. Sterculia alata Roxburgh, Pl. Coromandel 3: ["1819"]; Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 3: 152 (1832); Mast. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 360 (1874) (Gamble s list). Badam. Tree. Not common Reevesia Lindl R. pubescens Masters in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 1: ; Gamble Kala boeri. Tree. Rare R. wallichii R. Br. Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) 3: 231, in adnot [Nov 1844](Unresolved). Sterculia punduana Wall. Numer. List Shrub or tree Sida L S. acuta Burm. f., ; Fl. Ind S. acuta subsp. carpinifolia (Linnaeus f.) Borssum Waalkes; S. acuta var. carpinifolia (Linnaeus f.) K. Schumann; S. acuta var. intermedia S. Y. Hu; S. bodinieri Gandoger; S. carpinifolia Linnaeus f.; S. carpinifolia var. acuta (N. L. Myanmarn) Kurz; S. chanetii Gandoger; S. lanceolata Retzius; S. scoparia Loureiro; S. stauntoniana Candolle. syn. S. carpinifolia (Linn) sensu Masters in Hook. f. (1874), auct non Linn. f. Plate 306. Malvastrum carpinifolium (Linnaeus f.) A. Gray. Khareto; Balu Jhar Kureta. AH. Common S. rhombifolia L., Sp. Pl. 2: Malva rhombifolia (L.) E.H.L. Krause, Deutschl. Fl. (ed. 2) 6: ; S. retusa L. 1763; S. rhomboidea Roxb. ex Fleming, Asiat. Res. 11: Arrowleaf sida, Balu, Lal berela. PS. Abundant S. spinosa L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; T.K. Paul in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: Malva spinosa E.H.L. Krause, Deutschl. Fl. (ed. 2) 6: ; Malvinda spinosa (L.) Medik., Malvenfam Prickly Mallow, Spiny Sida; Bon methi. AH. Less common Sterculia L S. coccinea Jack., Malayan Misc. 1(1): ; Gamble 1878 (unresolved). S. lanceolata var coccinea, Sterculia hamiltonii. Katiorkúng. Shrub or small tree S. hamiltonii (Kuntze) Adelb. in Backer, Bekn. Fl. Java 4b(107): (Unresolved); Whitmore in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: ; Malick in Sharma & Sanjappa (eds), 153 Fl. India 3: S. coccinea Roxb. [Hort. Beng. : nom. nud], Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 3: non Jack (1822); Mast. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: S. indica Men., J. Ann. Arb. 33: Clompanus hamiltonii O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. P1. 1: Shrub Sterculia, Scarlet Shower. Small tree S. kingii Prain (Unresolved). J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 73: S. pallens Wall. ex Hochr., Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 19: ; Gamble 1878 (unresolved). Kaphal-kúng. Tree S. villosa Roxb., Hort. Beng , nom. nud.; Fl.Ind. ed. Carey 3: ; Masters in Hook.f., l.c. 1: ; Malick in Sharma & Sanjappa (eds), Fl. India 3: 472 (1993). S. armata Mast. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: Udal, Godgudal, Phrangshing, Kunhlyem-kúng. Tree. Common Thespesia Sol. ex Corrêa T. lampas (Cav.) Dalzell & A. Gibson, Bombay Fl ; Gamble Hibiscus lampas Cavanilles, Diss. 3: ; Azanza lampas (Cav.) Alef., ; B. Zeit. 19: 298 (1861). Bupariti lampas (Cavanilles) Rothmaler. Hibiscus lampas (Cav.). Plate 11, 175, 326. Kaphalmúk, Ranbhendy, Bankapas. Shrub Triumfetta L T. annua L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 327; Mant. Pl. 1: ; Masters in Hook. f., l.c AH T. bogotensis DC., Prodr. 1: T. pilosa Roth, Nov. Pl. Ind. Or Masters in Hook. f., l.c Dalle kuro. PH T. cana Blume, Bijdr ; Masters in Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: T. tomentosa var. calvescens Franchet. T. tomentosa Boj., Hort. Maurit , nom. nud. Herb or subshrub T. rhomboidea Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib DC., l.c. 507; Masters in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: T. angulata Lamarck; T. bartramii Linnaeus, nom. illeg. superfl.; T. indica Lamarck; T. trilocularis Roxburgh; T. velutina Vahl. Bartramia indica Linnaeus; Burr bush, Chinese Burr, Diamond Burrbark; Bon okhra. Herb or US Urena L U. lobata L., Sp. Pl. 2: U. diversifolia Schumacher; U. lobata var. tomentosa (Blume) Walpers; U. monopetala Loureiro; U. palmata Roxb. 1832; U. tomentosa Blume. Nalu kuro; Bhendichirchut, Ban Okra. AH. Abundant U. repanda Roxb. ex Smith in Rees, Cycl. 37: Urena no Malache repanda (Roxburgh ex Smith) Kuntze; Pavonia repanda (Roxb. ex J.E. Sm.) Spreng. Repand-leaved urena. PH. 75. MELASTOMATACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Melastoma Family). Genus: 7; Species: Medinilla Gaudich M. himalayana Hook.f. ex Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London. 28: M. luchuenensis C. Y. Wu & C. Chen. Shrub. Epiphytic.

61 M. rubicunda (Jack) Blume, Flora 14: M. erythrophylla Wall. ex Lindl.; B. Reg. 24: Misc. 85 (1838). Shrub. Epiphytic. Not common Melastoma Blume M. malabathricum L., Sp. Pl. 2: , 'malabathrica'. D. Don in B. Reg. 8: t M. affine D. Don; M. candidum D. Don; M. cavaleriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot; M. esquirolii H. Léveillé; M. malabathricum subsp. normale (D. Don) K. Meyer; M. normale D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep , 'normalis'. C. B. Clarke in Fl. Br. Ind. 2: ; M. polyanthum Blume; M. royenii Blume Indian Rhodendron; Angeri, Choulisy, Shapti, Tungbram, Tunka. Shrub. Common Osbeckia L O. chinensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: O. chinensis var. chinensis L.; O. kainantensis Masamune.; O chinensis var. angustifolia (D. Don) C.Y. Wu & C. Chen, Fl. Yunnan. 2: ; O. angustifolia D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal PH or shrub O. crinita Benth. ex C.B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 2: Chulasi, Number. Shrub. Less common O. darjeelingensis G.S. Giri & M.P. Nayar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1 4): 241. (1983, publ. 1985) 1985 (Unresolved). Shrub or herb O. muralis Naud., Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3.14: O. truncata D. Don ex Wight & Arn. Prodr. 332, P.p. nom. illeg.; Gamble 1: Herb. Rare O. nepalensis Hook.f., Exot. Fl. 1: t ; Wall., Cat. 143, n O. nepalensis var. nepalensis. Angeri, Seto chulsi. PH. Common O. nutans Wall. ex C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 2: Shrub. Common O. stellata Buch.-Ham. ex Ker Gawl, Bot. Reg. 8: t ; Prodr. Fl. Nep Melastoma mairei H. Léveillé; Osbeckia crinita Bentham ex Naudin; O. crinita var. yunnanensis Cogniaux; O. mairei (H. Léveillé) Craib; O. opipara C. Y. Wu & C. Chen; O. paludosa Craib; O. pulchra Geddes; O. rhopalotricha C. Y. Wu; O. rostrata D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep ; O. robusta Craib; O. sikkimensis Craib; O. stellata var. crinita (Bentham ex Naudin) C. Hansen; O. yunnanensis Franchet ex Craib. Lal Angeri, Rato chulsi. Shrub. Common Oxyspora DC O. paniculata (D. Don) DC., Prodr. 3: Arthrostemma paniculatum D. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: ; Bredia soneriloides H. Léveillé. Bristletips, Chulesi. Shrub. Common Sarcopyramis Wall S. napalensis Wall., Tent. Fl. Nap. 32, t ; Cat. 144, n S. dielsii Hu; S. lanceolata Wallich ex Bennett; S. napalensis var. maculata C. Y. Wu. PH.; Phyllagathis chinensis Dunn Sonerila Roxb S. amabilis Kurz., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 40(1): (Unresolved). Herb S. erecta Jack, Malayan Misc. 1(5): S. tenera Royle, Ill. B. Him. t. 45, f ; Erect Sonerila. Herb S. kurzii C.B.Clarke Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] ii. 539 (Unresolved). Herb S. scapigera Dalzell London J. Bot. 7: AH Tibouchina Aublet T. semidecandra (Mart. & Schrank ex DC.) Cogn. Fl. Bras. 14(3): Lasiandra semidecandra Mart. & Schrank ex DC. Prodr. 3: ; Pleroma semidecandrum (Mart. & Schrank ex DC.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 28(1): Purple glory tree, Princess flower. Shrub. Abundant. 76. MELIACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Mahogany Family). Genus: 12; Species: Aglaia Lour A. spectabilis (Miquel) S.S. Jain & Bennet, Indian J. Forest. 9: Amoora spectabilis Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: Lali. Tree. Less common Aphanamixis Bl A. polystachya (Wall.) R. N. Parker, Ind. For. 57: Aglaia polystachya Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: ; A. aphanamixis Pellegrin; Amoora elmeri Merrill; A. grandifolia (Blume) Walpers; A. rohituka (Roxburgh) Wight & Arnott; Andersonia rohituka Roxburgh; Aphanamixis elmeri (Merrill) Merrill; A. grandifolia Blume; A. rohituka (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Prodr Lahsune. Tree. Less common Azadirachta A. Juss A. indica A. Juss. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19: Tree. Planted Chisocheton Bl C. cumingianus (C.DC.) Harms. in Engler & Prantl, Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3 (4): 296 (1896). C. morobeanus Harms.; C. paniculatus Hiern; C. thorelii Pierre. Lasuni, Ramsuntala. Tree. Less common Chukrasia A. Juss C. tabularis A. Juss., Bull. Sci. Nat. Géol. 23: C. tabularis var. velutina (M. Roemer) Pellegrin; C. velutina (M. Roemer) C. Candolle; Dysoxylum esquirolii H. Léveillé. Chickrassia nimmonii J. Graham ex Wight; C. tabularis Wight & Arnott; C. tabularis var. velutina (M. Roemer) King; C. velutina M. Roemer; Bogipoma, Chikrasi. Tree. Common Cipadessa Blume C. baccifera (Roth) Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi. 4: C. baccifera var. sinensis Rehder & E. H. Wilson; C. cinerascens (Pellegrin) Handel-Mazzetti; C. fruticosa Blume; C. fruticosa var. cinerascens Pellegrin; C. sinensis (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) E. Salisbury; Melia baccifera Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp ; Rhus blinii H. Léveillé. Ranabili. Shrub or small tree Dysoxylum Blume

62 D. binectariferum (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Bedd., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 25: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; S.S. Jain & S.S.R. Bennet in Hajra et al., Fl. India 4: D. macrocarpum Bedd., Fl. Sylv. t Guarea binectarifera Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: Lassuni amari. Tree. Less common D. excelsum Blume, Bijdr D. gobara (Buchanan-Hamilton) Merrill, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: ; D. procerum Hiern, Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Epicharis procera (Hiern) Pierre; Guarea gobara Buchanan-Hamilton. Lhasune. Tree. Less common D. mollissimum Blume, Bijdr D. hamiltonii Hiern. Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Hartighsea mollissima A. Juss. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19: ; Alliaria mollissima Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: ; Trichilia mollissima Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4(2): Katletuni. Tree Heynea Roxb H. trijuga Roxb. ex Sims, Bot. Mag. 41: t H. trijuga var. microcarpa Pierre; H. trijuga var. pilosula C. Candolle; Trichilia connaroides (Wight & Arnott) Bentvelzen; T. connaroides var. microcarpa (Pierre) Bentvelzen; Walsura trijuga (Roxburgh) Kurz; W. trijuga var. microcarpa (Pierre) S. Y. Hu; Zanthoxylum connaroides Wight & Arnott. Ankhatarua. Tree Melia L M. azedarach L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Adans., Fam. 2: ; Gamble M. dubia Cav. Diss. 7: Azedarach sempervirens (L.) O. Kuntze China berry, Bead tree, Pride of India, Persian lilac, Indian lilac, Umbrella tree; Bakaino, Bukayun, Bukainu, Lapshi, Lilac, Jashing, Ngerashing. Tree M. composita Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). White cedar, Hill Neem, Maha Neem, Common Bead tree; Lapshi; Silotkúng. Tree Munronia Wight M. pinnata (Wall.) W. Theobald in Mason, Burmah, ed. 4. 2: M. wallichii Wight, Ill. Ind. B. 1: (Gamble s list); Turraea pinnata Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: Small shrub Toona Roem T. ciliata M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: Cedrela toona Roxburgh ex Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 2: ; C. australis R. Mudie, nom. superfl. (included type of C. toona); C. australis F. Mueller (1858), not R. Mudie (1829); C. kingii C. Candolle; C. kingii var. birmanica C. Candolle; C. microcarpa C. Candolle; C. mollis Handel-Mazzetti; C. toona var. gamblei C. Candolle; C. toona var. haslettii Haines; C. toona var. latifolia Miquel ex C. Candolle; C. toona var. multijuga Haines; C. toona var. nepalensis C. Candolle; C. toona var. parviflora Bentham; C. toona var. puberula C. Candolle; C. toona var. pubescens Franchet; C. toona var. pubinervis C. Candolle; C. toona var. stracheyi C. Candolle; C. toona var. sublaxiflora C. Candolle; C. toona var. 155 talbotii C. Candolle; C. toona var. vestita C. T. White; C. toona var. yunnanensis C. Candolle; Surenus australis Kuntze; S. microcarpa (C. Candolle) Kuntze; S. toona (Roxburgh ex Rottler) Kuntze; Toona australis (Kuntze) Harms; T. ciliata var. pubescens (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti; T. ciliata var. sublaxiflora (C. Candolle) C. Y. Wu; T. ciliata var. vestita (C. T. White) Harms; T. ciliata var. yunnanensis (C. Candolle) Harms; T. febrifuga (Blume) M. Roemer var. cochinchinensis Pierre; T. febrifuga var. griffithiana Pierre; T. febrifuga var. ternatensis Pierre; T. kingii (C. Candolle) Harms; T. microcarpa (C. Candolle) Harms; T. mollis (Handel- Mazzetti) A. Chevalier; T. sureni (Blume) Merrill var. cochinchinensis (Pierre) Bahadur; T. sureni var. pubescens (Franchet) Chun. Indian Mahogony, Tun, Chunshi, Poma, Tooni, Simal-kúng. Tree. Vulnerable T. sureni (Blume) Merrill, Interpr. Herb. Amboin T. ciliata M. Roemer var. candollei Bahadur; T. ciliata var. grandifoliola (C. Candolle) Bahadur; T. ciliata var. henryi (C. Candolle) Harms; T. febrifuga (Blume) M. Roemer. Swietenia sureni Blume, Catalogus, ; Cedrela febrifuga Blume; C. febrifuga var. pealii C. Candolle; C. febrifuga var. verrucosa C. Candolle, p.p. (as to Forbes 118 and Forbes s.n. from Sumatra); C. microcarpa C. Candolle var. grandifoliola C. Candolle; C. sureni (Blume) Burkill; C. toona Roxburgh ex Rottler var. henryi C. Candolle; C. toona var. pilistila C. Candolle; C. toona var. warburgii C. Candolle; Surenus febrifuga (Blume) Kuntze. Toon. Suren, Indonesian mahogany. Tree. Rare Walsura Roxb W. tubulata Hiern. Fl. Brit. India 1: (Unresolved). Phalame. Sporadic to rare. 77. MENISPERMACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Moonseed Family) Genus: 8; Species: Aspidocarya Hook.f. & Thomson A. uvifera Hook.f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind. 1: Myungarer-rik; Meiykhyen-rik; Pangla. Climber Cissampelos L C. pareira L., Sp. Pl. 2: C. pareira sensu Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: ; C. pareira L var. hirsuta (Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Forman, Kew Bull. 22: ; C. hirsuta Buchanan-Hamilton ex Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: Batúlpati, Tamshaprip, Gudurganu Akanadi/Ekleja, Khauchhim, Nampi Heuria. Climber. Sparse. Vulnerable Cocculus DC C. orbiculatus (L.) Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: C. mollis Wall. ex J. D. Hooker & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: ; C. orbiculatus var. mollis (Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson) H. Hara, Bull. Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo. 2 [Fl. E. Himalaya 2nd Rep.]: Cocculus Vine. Climber Cyclea Arnott.

63 C. barbata Miers (in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3, 18: , nom. nud) Contrib. Bot 3: ; C. Peltata (non Page (Lam) Hook. F. & Thoms.) Miq., F1. Ind. Bat. 1(2): , pro parte; Cissampelos barbata Wall., Cat. No , nom. nud. Hairy Cyclea. SC. Common C. bicristata (Griff.) Diels. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 46: Lophophyllum bicristatum Griff. Kwai ial awlaw, likazung, renriang. SC. Common Parabaena Miers P. sagittata Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2. 7: ; ex Hook. f. & Thomson; Fl. Ind ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: Karpati lahara, Sapor-rik. Climber. Rare or less common Pericampylus Miers P. glaucus (Lam.) Merr., Interpr. Rumph. Herb. Amboin ; Das et al P. formosanus Diels; P. incanus (Colebrooke) J. D. Hooker & Thomson; P. omeiensis W. Y. Lien; P. trinervatus Yamamoto. Menispermum glaucum Lamarck, Encycl. 4: ; Cocculus incanus Colebrooke; Coscinium colaniae Gagnepain. Dudhe lahara, Pipal-pati lahara. SC. Common Stephania Lour S. delavayi Diels in Engler, Pflanzenr. 46(IV.94): S. graciliflora Yamamoto. Herbaceous vine S. elegans Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: Batulpate, Taro Laharaa. AC. Common S. glabra (Roxb.) Miers, ; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, 18: Cissampelos glabra Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: ; Stephania rotunda Lour. Nimi lahara, Tambarke, Barkuli lahara. Climber. Less common. Threatened S. glandulifera Miers in Contrib. Bot. 3: 220: 1871 (Unresolved). Batule lahara, taro lahara. SC. Common S. hernandiifolia (Willd.) Walp. Repert 1: ; Das et al Cissampelos hernandifolia Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: ; Clypea hernandifolia Wight & Arn.. Tape-vine; Panhelo tamarke. Climber S. japonica (Thunbergh) Miers in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3, 3, 18: S. japonica var. japonica. Menispermum japonicum. Stephania, Tape Vine, Snake Vine; Batulepaat, Charchare. Climber. Less common S. rotunda Lour., Fl. Cochinch ; Gamble 1878 [Unresolved]. Nimilara, Seto-tamarke Tinospora Miers T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2 7: 35, Climber T. sinensis (Lour.) Merr., Sunyatsenia 1: T. cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Indica. 1: T. malabarica (Lamarck) J. D. Hooker & Thomson; T. tomentosa (Colebrooke) J. D. Hooker & Thomson. Campylus sinensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: ; Cocculus tomentosus Colebrooke; Menispermum cordifolium Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(2): [Apr 1806]; M. 156 malabaricum Lamarck; M. tomentosum (Colebrooke) Roxburgh. Gudargano, Gurjo-lahara, Gurjo-kolaharaa, Kanther-rik. Climber. Less common. 78. MENYANTHACEAE Dumort. Genus: 1; Species: Nymphoides Hill N. peltata (S.G. Gmel.) Kuntze. Revis. gen. pl. 2: Limnanthemum peltatum Gmel., Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 14(1): Fringed Water-lily, Yellow Floating-heart, Water Fringe. PH. 79. MOLLUGINACEAE Bartl., Beitr. Bot. [Bartling & H. L. Wendland] 2: , nom. cons. (carpetweed family). Genus: 1; Species: Glinus L G. oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC., Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 1: Mollugo oppositifolia L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; M. spergula L. tropical Africa and Asia, N Australia. Gima Sak. Herb. 80. MORACEAE Gaudich. in C.B. Trinius, Gen. Pl.: , nom. cons. (the Mulberry or Fig Family). Genus: 7; Species: Artocarpus Forst A. chaplasha Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 3: A. chama Buchanan-Hamilton, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: Chapalish, Lathar, Lut-ter, Yitsu sing. Common A. heterophyllus Lamarck. Encycl. 3: A. integrifolius Auct. NOT L. f.; A integrifolia L. f.; A. integra Merr.; Rademachia integra Thunb. Tree. Planted A. integer (Thunb.) Merr. Interpr. Herb. Amboin A. integrifolius L.f. Suppl. Pl Kuttal. Tree A. lacucha Buch.-Ham., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: A. lakoocha Roxb., Fl. Ind. Ed. 3: (Unresolved); Saccus lakoocha (Roxb.) Kuntze. Monkey Jack, Arthar, Borar, Badhar, Barrar, Dewa, Rukh kalahar. Tree. Sparse Broussonetia L Hér. ex Vent B. papyrifera (L.) L Héritier ex Ventenat, Tabl. Règn. Vég. 3: Morus papyrifera L., Sp. Pl. 2: Paper mulberry, Tapa cloth tree. Tree Ficus Dumort F. altissima Blume, Bijdr ; Gamble F. laccifera Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: Yokdung. Tree F. auriculata Lour. Fl. Cochinch F. macrophylla Roxb. & Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Cycl. 14: ; F. oligodon Miq., Ann. Mus. B. Lugd.- Bat. 3: 234, F. hainanensis Merrill & Chun; F. pomitera Wall ex. King; F. regia Miquel; F. roxburghii Miquel. F. regia Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: (Gamble s list). Fig; Chanadumari,Chongma, Nebharo, Kasrekan; Kundoung-kúng; Nimmaro; Timil; Tchongtaykúng. Tree. Common.

64 F. benghalensis L., Sp. Pl Banyan, Bat or Bar, Borhar, Kangji-kúng. Tree. Common F. benjamina L., Syst. Nat., ed : ; Mant. Pl. 1: ; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 1: 43, t. 52, 83h & in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. lndia 5: ; Brandis, Indian Trees F. benjamina var. benjamina; F. comosa Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 2: (Gamble s list); F. cuspidatocaudata Hayata; F. haematocarpa Blume ex Decaisne; F. nitida Thunberg; F. retusa Linnaeus var. nitida (Thunberg) Miquel; Urostigma benjaminum (Linnaeus) Miquel; U. haematocarpum (Blume ex Decaisne) Miquel. Wild yam; Kunhip, Kabra, Pindalu; Swamy. Tree. Less common F. conglobata King Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 1: Tuksot kúng. Small tree F. curtipes Corner, Gard. Bull. Singapore 17: F. obtusifolia Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 3: (Gamble s list). Blunt leaf fig. Tree F. cyrtophylla (Wallich ex Miquel) Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi. 3: ; Gamble Covellia cyrtophylla Wallich ex Miquel, London J. Bot. 7: Kasirut; Tuksot-kúng. Shrub or tree F. drupacea Thunb., Diss. Ficus 6, ; Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3: F. mysorensis B. Heyne ex Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp ; Urostigma mysorense Miq. Mysore fig. Tree. Common F. elastica Roxb. (Hort. Beng , nom. nud.) ex Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn. Suppl ; Roxb., FI. Ind. 3: ; Gamble 1878; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 1: 45, t & in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. lndia 5: ; Brandis, Indian Trees F. cordata Kunth & Boucharlet; F. skytinodermis Summerhayes; F. taeda Kunth & Boucharlet; Urostigma circumscissum Miquel; U. elasticum (Roxburgh) Miquel; U. karet Miquel; U. odoratum Miquel. Rubber fig, rubber bush, rubber tree, rubber plant, Indian rubber bush; Bor, Laabar, Lesoo, Yok. Tree F. fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume Bijdr Small tree F. glaberrima Blume Bijdr Tree F. hederacea Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed : F. cantoniensis E. Bodinier ex H. Léveillé; F. scandens Roxburgh (1832), not Lamarck (1786), nor Buchanan-Hamilton (1826); F. scandens Roxb.; Gamble Ivy fig. Shrub. Common F. heterophylla L.f., Suppl. Pl ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Climbing stream fig. Large shrub. Less common F. hirta Vahl, Enum. 2: ; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 1: 149, t. 188, & in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. lndia 5: ; Brandis, Indian Trees F. hibiscifolia Champion ex Bentham; F. hirsuta Roxburgh (1832), not Vellozo (1829); F. hirta var. brevipila Corner; F. hirta var. hibiscifolia (Champion ex Bentham) Chun; F. hirta var. imberbis Gagnepain; F. hirta var. palmatiloba (Merrill) Chun; F. hirta var. roxburghii 157 (Miquel) King; F. katsumadae Hayata; F. palmatiloba Merrill; F. porteri H. Léveillé & Vaniot; F. quangtriensis Gagnepain; F. roxburghii Miquel; F. simplicissima Loureiro var. hirta (Vahl) Migo; F. tridactylites Gagnepain; F. triloba Buchanan- Hamilton ex J. O. Voigt. Kasreto; Gyasay-kúng. Shrub or small tree. Less common F. hispida L.f. Suppl. Pl Covellia hispida (Linnaeus f.) Miquel. Kharwa; Kharseto, Tuksot-kúng. Shrub or small tree F. hookeriana Corner, G. Bull. (Sing.) 17: ; 21: F. hookeri Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3: (non Sweet 1827); King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 1: 36, t. 42, 82x & in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Brandis, Indian Trees Nevara. Tree F. infectoria Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: ; Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). White fruited wavy leaf fig tree, Cuvi white fig; Pakur, Safed kabra; Kunjii-kúng. Tree F. laevis Blume Bijdr Smooth fig. Small tree F. macrophylla Desf. ex Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: Neebara. Tree F. neriifolia Sm., in Rees, Cyclop. 14: Ficus n F. fieldingii Miquel; F. gemella Wallich ex Miquel London J. Bot. 7: ; F. nemoralis Wallich ex Miquel; F. nemoralis var. fieldingii (Miquel) King; F. nemoralis var. gemella (Wallich ex Miquel) King; F. nemoralis var. trilepis (Miquel) King; F. neriifolia var. fieldingii (Miquel) Corner; F. neriifolia var. nemoralis (Wallich ex Miquel) Corner; F. neriifolia var. trilepis (Miquel) Corner; F. trilepis Miquel; F. wardii C. E. C. Fischer. var. fieldingii Sm.; G. Bull. (Sing.) 17: 426 (1960); 21: 39 (1965). var. nemoralis Sm., ; G. Bull. (Sing.) 17: 426 (1960); 21: 39 (1965). Dudhilo, Dudhila; Toitpay. Tree. Less common F. obscura Blume Bijdr Kasirut, Tuksot-kúng. Shrub or small tree F. pisifera Wall. ex Voigt. Hort. Suburb. Calcutt ; Miq., Hook. London J. Bot. 7: ; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 1: 3, t & in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Urostigma pisiferum Miq. (1847). Lekbilani. Shrub F. prostrata (Wall. ex Miq.) Buch.-Ham. ex Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: Small tree F. pubigera (Wall. ex Miq.) Brandis Forest Fl. N.W. India Dude Lahara. Climber. Common F. pyriformis Hook & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy Sani dudila, Payo-kúng. Shrub F. racemosa L, Sp. Pl F. chittagonga Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: , F. glomerata Roxb. Pl. Coromandel 2: Dumri phal; Gular; Tchongtay-kúng. Tree F. religiosa L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 1: 55, t. 67a & in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. lndia 5: ; Brandis, Indian Trees Urostigma religiosum (L.)

65 Gasp., Ric. Caprifico 82, t. 7. f Pipal, Pipli. Tree F. retusa L., Mant. Pl Chinese banyan, Indian Laurel; Jamu; Sitnyok. Tree F. rigida Jacq., Malay. Misc. 2(7): (Unresolved). F. rigida var. bracteata (Corner), Bennet, Indian J. For. 5: ; F. thomsoni Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3: (Gamble s list); Urostigma rigidum Gasp. Nov. Gen. Fic Epiphytic shrub F. rumphii Blume, Bijdr F. cordifolia Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 3: (Gamble s list). Pakur. Tree F. sarmentosa Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Cycl. 14: F. foveolata (Wall ex Miq.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: (Gamble s list). Dudila-lara, Taksotrig. SC. Common F. semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm., in Rees, Cyclop. 14: Ficus n F. cunia Buchanan- Hamilton ex Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 3: ; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 1: 101, t & in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Brandis, Indian Trees (Gamble s list). Covellia cunia (Buchanan-Hamilton ex Roxburgh) Miquel. Jagya Dumur; Khanayo, Khanew, Khanyu; Sungjikúng. Tree. Common F. subincisa Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Cycl. 14: Lutae Khanium. Shrub. Common F. subulata Blume Bijdr F. sikkimensis Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: Lekbilani F. squamosa Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed : F. saemocarpa Miq. Small shrub F. subincisa Buch.-Ham. ex J. E. Sm. in Rees, Cyclop. 14: Ficus no F. clavata Wall. ex Miq. London J. Bot. 7: Berulo, Girulee; Lute khaneu, Siratpé. Shrub or small tree. Rare F. subulata Blume, Bijdr F. sikkimensis Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: Small leaf fig. Shrub F. virens Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: F. infectoria Roxb. 1814, F. monticola Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: White fig. Tree. Common Maclura Nutt M. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner. Gard. Bull. Singapore 19: Cudrania javanensis Trécul Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. III, 8: Large shrub or small tree Morus L M. alba L., Sp. Pl M. indica L., Sp. Pl (non Roxb); Hook. f., l.c. 492 (Gamble s list). White mulberry; Chhota Kimbu; Kimbu kaphal, Mekrap-kúng. Shrub or small tree M. australis Poir., in Lam., Encycl. Meth. B. 4: M. acidosa Griffith; M. alba Linnaeus var. indica Bureau; M. alba var. nigriformis Bureau; M. alba var. stylosa Bureau; M. australis var. hastifolia (F. T. Wang & T. Tang ex Z. Y. Cao) Z. Y. Cao; M. australis var. incisa C. Y. Wu; M. australis var. inusitata (H. Léveillé) C. Y. Wu; M. australis var. 158 linearipartita Z. Y. Cao; M. australis var. oblongifolia Z. Y. Cao; M. bombycis Koidzumi; M. bombycis var. angustifolia Koidzumi; M. bombycis var. bifida Koidzumi; M. bombycis var. longistyla Koidzumi ; M. bombycis var. tiliifolia Koidzumi; M. cavaleriei H. Léveillé; M. formosensis Hotta; M. hastifolia F. T. Wang & T. Tang ex Z. Y. Cao; M. inusitata H. Léveillé; M. longistyla Diels; M. nigriformis (Bureau) Koidzumi; M. stylosa Seringe var. ovalifolia Seringe. Kimbu. Shrub or small tree M. cuspidata Wall, Numer. List (Unresolved). M. serrata Roxb. Himalayan Mulberry, Kimbu, Nambyong, Singtok. Shrub or small tree M. indica L. Sp. Pl Chhota Kimbu, Mekrap-kúng M. macroura Miq., Pl. Jungh. 1: M. alba Linnaeus var. laevigata Wallich ex Bureau; M. laevigata Wallich ex Brandis; M. macroura var. mawu (Koidzumi) C. Y. Wu & Z. Y. Cao; M. wallichiana Koidzumi; M. wittiorum Handel-Mazzetti var. mawu Koidzumi. Kimbu, Bola, Tshende. Tree. Rare M. nigra L. Sp. Pl Black Mulberry. Tree M. serrata Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed : M. alba L. var. serrata (Roxburgh) Bureau; M. gyirongensis S. S. Chang; M. pabularia Decaisne. Himalayan Mulberry; Kimbu, Numbyong-kúng, Singtok. Tree Plecospermum Trécul P. spinosum Trécul, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 3, 8: (Unresolved). Trophis spinosa Roxb. ex Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(2): [Apr 1806]). Mainakat-lara, Maidal-lara, Gumbengfong. Straggling shrub Streblus Lour S. asper Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: S. lactescens Blume Diplothorax tonkinenis Gagnepain. Sheora. Tree or shrub. Not common. 81. MYRISTICACEAE R. Br., Prodr.: Mar 1810, nom. cons. (the Nutmeg Family). Genus: 2; Species: Horsfieldia Willd H. kingii (Hook.f.) Warburg, Monogr. Myristic H. hainanensis Merrill; H. tetratepala C. Y. Wu & W. T. Wang. Myristica kingii J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 5: Wild nutmeg. Tree. Endemic. Rare Knema Lour K. erratica (Hook. f. & Thomson) J. Sinclair. Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 18: 205, f Myristica erratica Hook. f. et Thoms. Fl. Ind. 1: ; M. longifolia Wall. ex Bl. var. erratica (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Hook. f. et Thoms, Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Small tree K. linifolia (Roxburgh) Warburg, Monogr. Myristic Myristica linifolia Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3: ; Knema linifolia var. clarkeana (King) Warburg; M. clarkeana King; M.

66 longifolia Wallich ex Blume (Gamble s list). Jaiphal, Ramgua. Tree K. tenuinervia W. J. de Wilde, Blumea. 25: Tree. Endemic. Rare. 82. MYRTACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Myrtle family). Genus: 3; Species: Corymbia K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson C. citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson, Telopea 6: Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. in T. L. Mitchell, J. Exped. Trop. Australia E. maculata Hooker var. citriodora (Hooker) Bailey. Lemon-scented eucalyptus, Spotted gum. Tree. Planted Myrcia DC M. bracteata (Rich.) DC., Prodr. 3: Eugenia bracteata Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris. 1: Shrub or small tree. Rare Syzygium R.Br. ex Gaertn S. balsameum (Wight) Wall. ex Walp. Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: Eugenia balsamea Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: Ambake. Shrub or small tree S. claviflorum (Roxb.) Wall. ex A.M. Cowan & Cowan, Trees N. Bengal Acmena claviflora (Roxb.) Walp.; Acmenosperma claviflorum (Roxburgh) Kausel; Clavimyrtus claviflora (Roxb.) Blume; Eugenia claviflora Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 2: ; Syzygium claviflorum (Roxb.) Wall. ex Steudel, Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, 2: Harre jammuna. Shrub or tree. Rare S. cumini (L.) Skeels, U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Pl. Industr., Bull. 248: S. jambolanum (Lam.) DC. Prodr. 3: Calyptranthes cumini (L.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: ; Eugenia cumini (L.) Druce. Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 3: publ. 1914; E. jambolana Lam., Encycl. 3: ; Myrtus cumini L. Sp. Pl Black plum; Jamun, Kalo-jam, Mitsu shing. Tree S. formosum (Wall.) Masam., Enum. Phan. Born Eugenia formosa Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: ; Jambosa formosa (Wall.) G. Don., Gen. Hist. 2: Ambake. Tree. Common S. jambos (L.) Alston. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): Eugenia jambos L. Sp. Pl ; Eugenia jamboides Wender. Schriften Ges. Beförd. Gesammten Naturwiss. Marburg 2: ; Jambos jambos (L.) Millsp. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2(1): ; Myrtus jambos (L.) Kunth. Nov. Gen. Sp. 6: ; Plinia jambos (L.) M.Gómez. Fl. Haban Malabar plum, Plum rose, Rose apple; Thulo jamun. Shrub or tree S. kurzii (Duthie) N.P. Balakr. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 22: publ Eugenia kurzii Duthie; J. As. S. Beng. 46(2): 68 (1877); in Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 478 (1878); Jambosa kurzii (Duthie) A. M. & J. M. Cowan; Tr. N. Beng. 67 (1929). Ambake, Jaman, Songlong-kung. Tree S. nervosum A. Cunn. ex DC. Prodr. 3: S. operculatum (Roxb.) Nied. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(7): Cleistocalyx nervosum, C. operculatus (Roxb.) Merr. & Perry, J. Arn. Arb. 18: 337, t. 215, f Rai jamun. Tree. Common S. ramosissimum (Blume) N.P. Balakr. Fl. Jowai 1: Clavimyrtus ramosissima Blume. Mus. Bot. 1: ; Eugenia ramosissima (Blume) Wall. ex Duthie Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Jambosa ramosissima (Blume) A.M. Cowan & Cowan. Trees N. Bengal Harre Jamuna, Tonglong-kúng, Jhare Jamuna. Tree. Common S. tetragonum (Wight) Wall. ex Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: ; Wall. ex Kurz, J. As. S. Beng. 46(2): S. nienkui Merrill & L. M. Perry. Eugenia tetragona Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: Chamlane or Karphal, Sunum-kúng. Tree. 83. NYCTAGINACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Four O'Clock Family). Genus: 2; Species: Boerhavia L B. diffusa L., Sp. Pl. 3 (1753). B. repens, B. coccinea. Hog weed, Horse Purslane, Red Spiderling, Punarnava. PH Bougainvillea Comm. ex Juss B. glabra Choisy, ; in DC., Prodr. 13: 437 (1849). B. spectabilis var. glabra (Choisy) Hook., Curt. Bot. Mag. t Paper Flower, Lesser Bougainvillea or Bougainvillea. SC B. spectabilis Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 348 (1799). Great Bougainvillea. SC. 84. NYMPHAEACEAE Salisb., Ann. Bot. (König & Sims) 2: 70. Jun 1805, nom. cons. (the Water-Lily Family). Genus: 1; Species: Nymphaea L N. alba L., Sp. Pl Hook.f. & Thoms., in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: Castalia alba (L.) Greene; Leuconymphaea alba Kuntze. White water-lily; Saluk. PH N. nouchali Burm. f., Fl. Ind ; Mitra in Sharma et al., Fl. India 1: N. stellata Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 1153, 1799, 1800; Hook. f. & Thomas in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: Blue lotus or water lily, Nilpadma, Neelshaluk, Neelkamal. Aqiatic herb. Common. 85. OCHNACEAE DC., Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 209. Jan 1811, nom. cons. (the wild plane family). Genus: 1; Species: Ochna L O. obtusata DC., Blumea 16: (Unresolved). O. squarrosa. Ramdhan Champa, Golden champak, Mickey Mouse Plant. Shrub or small tree O. pumila Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don., Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). Diporidium pumilum (Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: US. 86. OLACACEAE Juss. ex R. Br. in J.H. Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire: Mar 1818, nom. cons. (the Olax Family). Genus: 2; Species: Erythropalum Blume E. scandens Blume, Bijdr Dactylium vagum Griff. Proc. Linn. Soc. London 2:

67 Erythropalum vagum (Griff.) Mast.; Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 578 (1875); Modeccopsis vaga Griff. Notul. 4: 633. Fish-smelling vine, Red-green vine, Suntúngrúngrik. SC Olax L O. nana Wall. ex Benth., Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: ; Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 18: ; M.T. Masters in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: (Unresolved). O. nana Wall., Numer. List US. Rare. Threatened. 87. OLEACEAE Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Portug. 1: Sep 1809, nom. cons. (the Olive and Jasmine family). Genus: 7; Species: Chionanthus L C. ramiflorus Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 1: Linociera ramiflora (Roxburgh) Wallich ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: ; Chionanthus ramiflorus var. ramiflorus; Linociera ramiflora f. pubisepala L.C. Chia; Mayepea ramiflora (Roxb.) F. Muell., Systematic Census of Australian Plants: Native olive. Shrub or tree Fraxinus L F. floribunda Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: Ornus urophylla G. Don; Gen. Syst. 4: 57 (1837), O. floribunda (Wall.) Sweet., Fraxinus urophylla Wall. ex DC. Himalayan ash; Lankuri. Tree. Sparse F. paxiana Lingelsh. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: F. densiflora Lingelsh. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: Lankuri; Paizhu. Tree Jasminum L J. caudatum Wall. ex Lindl., B. Reg. 28: t ; DC. Prodr. 8: ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: SC. Less common J. dispermum Wall., in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: J. forrestianum Kobuski; J. latifolium Buch.- Ham. ex D. Don, Fl. Ind. 1: Chiniya chameli. SC. Less common J. elongatum (Bergius) Willdenow, Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 1: Nyctanthes elongata Bergius, Phil. Trans. 61: ; J. amplexicaule Buchanan- Hamilton; J. esquirolii H. Léveillé; J. ligustroides L. C. Chia; J. undulatum Ker-Gawler. Bot. Reg. 6: t Red kunda, Ear-leaf Jasmine. Shrub. Rare J. grandiflorum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, J. officinale Linnaeus var. grandiflorum (Linnaeus) Stokes; J. officinale f. grandiflorum (Linnaeus) Kobuski. Spanish jasmine, Royal jasmine, Catalonian jasmine. Shrub. Common J. humile L., Sp. Pl. 1: Italian jasmine or yellow jasmine; Masino Jaai. Shrub or small tree J. laurifolium Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed Carey & Wallich 1: (Unresolved). Shining Jasmine J. mesnyi Hance, ; J. B. 20: J. primulinum Hemsley. Lahare jaee. Subshrub J. multiflorum (Burm. f) Andrews, Bot. Repos. 8, t ; J. pubescens (Retzius) Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 1: ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f, l.c 592; Parker, l.c. 315; Nyctanthes multiflora Burm. f., Fl. 160 Ind. 5, t. 3, fig Winter Jasmine, Indian Jasmine, Downy Jasmine, Star Jasmine. Shrub. Common J. nepalense Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4(2): J. dichotomum D. Don.; Prodr. Fl. Nep ; non Vahl (1790); J. glandulosum Wall. ex G. Don.; Gen. Syst. 4: ; J. hamiltonii G. Don; Gen. Syst. 4: Ban jaee. Shrub. Less common J. nervosum Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch J. amplexicaule Buchanan-Hamilton ex G. Don var. elegans (Hemsley) Kobuski; J. anastomosans Wallich ex A. de Candolle; J. cinnamomifolium Kobuski var. axillare Kobuski; J. elegans (Hemsley) Yamamoto; J. hemsleyi Yamamoto; J. laurifolium Roxburgh var. villosum H. Léveillé; J. nervosum var. elegans (Hemsley) L. C. Chia; J. nervosum var. villosum (H. Léveillé) L. C. Chia; J. trineuron Kobuski; J. undulatum Ker-Gawler var. elegans Hemsley. Jasmine. Shrub J. sambac (L.) Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: J. undulatum (L.) Willd.; Mogorium sambac (L.) Lam.; M. undulatum (L.) Lam.; Nyctanthes sambac L.; N. sambac L.; N. sambac L., Sp. Pl. 1: Jasmine sambac, Zambac Jasmine. Shrub J. scandens (Retz.) Vahl., Symb. Bot. 3: J. scandens var. laetum (Wall ex G. Don.) Kurz.; J. sambac var. scandens (Retz.) Kuntze. Mogorium scandens (Retz.) Lam., Encycl. 4: ; Nyctanthes scandens Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: Climbing Jasmine. SC. Rare Ligustrum L L. confusum Decne., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris ser. 2, 2: L. confusum var. confusum; L. gyirongense P. Y. Bai. Privet. Kanike phool. Shrub or small tree L. lucidum W.T. Aiton, ; H. Kew. ed. 2, 1: L. compactum (Wallich ex G. Don) J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex Brandis var. latifolium W. C. Cheng; L. esquirolii H. Léveillé; L. lucidum var. esquirolii (H. Léveillé) H. Léveillé; L. lucidum f. latifolium (W. C. Cheng) P. S. Hsu. Esquirolia sinensis H. Léveillé. Keree. Shrub or small tree Nyctanthes L N. arbor-tristis L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Clarke in Hook f. Fl. Brit. India 3: Coral Jasmine, Tree of Sorrow, Queen of the night; Parijat, Sephalika/Seoli. Shrub or small tree Olea L O. dioica Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: ; ed. 2, 1: 106 (1832) ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: O. laevis Stokes, Bot. Comm. 1: ; Tetrapilus dioicus (Roxb.) L.A.S. Johnson, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 2: Indian Olive tree, Rose sandalwood; Kala kikone. Tree O. gamblei C.B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 3: Himachal Olea. Small tree Osmanthus Lour O. suavis King ex C.B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 3: Siphonosmanthus suavis (King ex C.B.Clarke) Stapf. Bot. Mag. 153: t Silingi, Chashing. Shrub or small tree.

68 88. ONAGRACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Willowherb or Evening Primrose Family). Genus: 5; Species: Circaea Tourn. ex L C. alpina L., Sp. Pl. 1: subsp. imaicola (Aschers. & Magnus) Kitamura, Fl. Afghanistan C. alpina var. imaicola Ascherson & Magnus, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 28: ; C. hohuanensis S. S. Ying; C. imaicola (Ascherson & Magnus) Handel-Mazzetti; C. minutula Ohwi; C. pricei Hayata; C. taiwaniana S. S. Ying; C. alpina subsp. micrantha (A. K. Skvortsov) Boufford, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 69: 959; C. micrantha A. K. Skvortsov, Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada (Moscow) 103: Alpine Enchanter's Nightshade. Herb C. repens Wall. ex Asch. & Magnus, B. Zeit. 28: C. alpina Linnaeus var. himalaica C. B. Clarke. AH Epilobium L E. amurense Hausskn., Oesterr. B. Zeits 29: E. amurense subsp. amurense; E. amurense subsp. laetum (Wallich ex Haussknecht) P. H. Raven; E. gansuense H. Léveillé; E. laetum Wallich ex Haussknecht; E. miyabei H. Léveillé; E. nepalense Haussknecht; E. origanifolium Lamarck var. pubescens Maximowicz; E. ovale Takeda; E. tenue Komarov; E. yabei H. Léveillé. subsp. laetum Hausskn.; Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) B. 2: 367 (1962). PH E. brevifolium D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep E. brevifolium subsp. Brevifolium; E. trichoneurum Haussknecht var. brachyphyllum Haussknecht. subsp. trichoneurum D. Don.; Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) B. 2: 362 (1962). Chhyuzii. AH. Rare E. cylindricum D. Don, ; Prodr. Fl. Nep E. beauverdianum H. Léveillé; E. christii H. Léveillé; E. roseum Schreber var. cylindricum (D. Don) C. B. Clarke. AH E. roseum (Schreb.) Schreb., Spicil. Fl. Lips Chamaenerion roseum Schreb., Spic. Fl. Lips Pale willowherb. AH. Abundant E. sikkimense Hausskn., Oesterr. B. Zeits. 29: ; Monogr. Epil. 204 (1884). E. sikkimense subsp. ludlowianum Hausskn.; Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) B. 2: 373 (1962). subsp. sikkimense Hausskn.; Oesterr. B. Zeits. 29: 52 (1879); in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: 175 (1979). E. sikkimense subsp. ludlowianum P. H. Raven; E. soboliferum P. H. Raven; E. squamosum P. H. Raven; E. trilectorum P. H. Raven. Kupate jhar. PH E. wallichianum Hausskn.; Oesterr. B. Zeits. 29: ; Monogr. Epil. 218, t. 8, f. 52 (1884). E. wallichianum subsp. souliei Hausskn.; Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist) B. 2: 366 (1962). E. duclouxii H. Léveillé; E. mairei H. Léveillé; E. souliei H. Léveillé; E. sykesii P. H. Raven; E. tanguticum Haussknecht; E. wallichianum subsp. souliei (H. Léveillé) P. H. Raven. PH Fuchsia L F. dependens Hook. Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 1: pl Sunset Fuchsia. SC. Rare Ludwigia L L. adscendens (L.) H. Hara, ; J. Jap. B. 28: Jussiaea adscendens Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 297; Mant. Pl. 1: ; J. repens Linnaeus. Water primrose, water dragon, marshy jesmine; Jadelo. PH L. peruviana (L.) H. Hara. J. Jap. Bot. 28: (comb. nov.); Raven in Reinwardtia 6: ; Paul in Bull. Bot. Surv. India 40: C.D.K. Cook, Aqua. & Wetl. Pl. India Jussiaea peruviana L. Sp. Pl. 1: ; J. speciosa Ridley in J. Bot. (Lond.) 59: Primrose willow, Peruvian primrose. PS L. prostrata Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: Jussiaea prostrata (Roxburgh) H. Léveillé. False Loosestrife. AH or PH Oenothera L O. glazioviana Micheli in Martius, Fl. Bras. 13(2): O. erythrosepala Borbás, Magyar B. Lapok 2: 245 (1903); Onagra erythrosepala Borbás. Large-flowered evening primrose, Redsepal evening primrose. PH. Common O. rosea L Héritier ex Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: Pink or rose evening primrose. PH. 89. OPILIACEAE Valeton, Crit. Overz. Olacin.: Jul 1886, nom. cons. (Lily family). Genus: 1; Species: Lepionurus Blume L. sylvestris Blume, Bijdr (Chaudhuri 1993). L. oblongifolius (Griff.) Mast., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: (Gamble s list); L. oblongifolium Griff., Calc. J. Nat. Hist. 4: Shrub. 90. OROBANCHACEAE Vent., Tabl. Règne Vég. 2: Mai 1799, nom. cons. (the Brume-Rape family). Genus: 2; Species: Aeginetia L A. indica L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; ROXBURGH, Fl. Ind., ed. CLARKE, Orobanche aeginetia L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 883 (1763). Oeginetia indica (ROXB.) apud WIGHT, Icon. III: , sphalm. Oginetia indica (ROXB.) apud WIGHT, Icon. III: t , sphalm. Phelypaea indica (L.) SPRENGEL ex STEUDEL, Nomencl. ed. 2: Aankuri bankur, gaibya, nila jbar. RP. Rare Boschniakia C. A. Mey B. himalaica Hook.f. & Thomson Fl. Brit. India 4: Xylanche himalaica (Hook. fil. & Thomson) Beck. Parasitic weed. 91. OXALIDACEAE R. Brown, Narrative of an Expedition to Explore the River Zaire (the wood sorrel family). Genus: 3; Species: Averrhoa L A. carambola L., Sp. Pl. 1: Edgeworth and Hook. f., l.c.; J.F. Duthie, l.c.; Brandis, l.c. A. acutangula Stokes. Bot. Mat. Med. 2: ; Sarcotheca philippica (Villar) Hallier f.

69 Meded. Rijks-Herb. 1910: Small tree or shrub Biophytum DC B. reinwardtii (Zuccarini) Klotzsch. Naturw. Reise Mossambique 1: B. sensitivum var. reinwardtii (Zucc.) Guillaumin. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 15: ; Oxalis reinwardtii Zucc. Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 1: Reinwardt's Tree Plant. AH Oxalis L O. acetosella L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Edgew. and Hk. f. in Hk. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 : O. acetosella var griffithii (Edgw. & Hook. f.) Hara; ssp. griffithii L., J. Jap. B. 30: 22 (1955); in Fl. E. Him PH. Abundant O. corniculata L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Edgew. and. Hk. f. in Hk. f., I.c. O. foliosa Blatter, J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 9 : O. repens Thunb., Diss. Oxal O. villosa M. Bieb., Fl. Taur. Cauc. 1: Creeping red sorrel; Chariamilo; Check chein, Amrul. Herb. Common O. debilis var. corymbosa (DC.) Lourteig, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: publ O. corymbosa DC., Prodr. 1: ; O. bipunctata R. Grah. in Edin. N. Phil. Journ : ; O. debilis Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: ; O. martiana Zucc. In Denkschr. Akad. Muench , n. 6, R. Knuth. l.c GH. Abundant O. griffithii Edgeworth & J. D. Hooker in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: PH O. latifolia Kunth in Humb. Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 184, t Khatmitthi; Chari amilo. GH. Common O. stricta L., Sp. Pl. 1: O. dillenii. Yellow wood sorrel. Perennial weed. Common O. tetraphylla Cav. Icon. 3: Acetosella tetraphylla (Cav.) Kuntze; Ionoxalis tetraphylla (Cav.) Rose; Sassia tetraphylla (Cav.) Holub. Iron cross, Lucky clover, Four-leaved Pinksorrel. GH. 92. PAPAVERACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Poppy Family). Genus: 7; Species: Argemone L A. mexicana L., Sp. Pl. 2: Prickly Poppy; Sialkanta; Thakal. AH Corydalis DC C. cashimiriana Duthie & Prain ex prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 65: AH or PH C. chaerophylla DC., Prodr. 1: 128 (1824). var. geraniifolia DC., ; Fl. E. Him Marano. Herb. Common C. geraniifolia Hook.f. & Thoms. Fl. Ind. 1: C. chaerophylla ssp. geraniifolia. Hook. f. & Thompson, FI. Ind C. chaerophylla ssp. geraniifolia. Herb C. juncea Wall., Tent. Fl. Nap. 54, t. 42, f. dextra PH C. leptocarpa Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: AH C. longipes DC., Prodr. 1: C. longipes var. pubescens (C. Y. Wu & H. Chuang) C. Y. Wu; C. pubescens C. Y. Wu & H. Chuang. AH to PH C. meifolia Wall., Tent. Fl. Napal AH. Rare C. pseudolongipes Lidén, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 18: C. longipes Candolle var. burkillii Fedde; C. longipes var. phallutiana Fedde; C. longipes var. smithii Fedde. AH or PH Dactylicapnos Wall D. cordata Lidén. Nordic Journal of Botany 28(6): (Unresolved). PC D. grandifoliolata Merr. Brittonia 4: Dicentra grandifoliolata (Merr.) K.R.Stern; Dicentra paucinervia K.R. Stern. Brittonia 13: 45, f.31, PC. Endemic. Rare D. roylei (Hook.f. & Thomson) Hutch. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1921: Capnorchis roylei (Hook.f. & Thomson) Kuntze; Dicentra roylei Hook.f. & Thomson; Dicentra wolfdietheri Fedde. AC D. scandens (D. Don) Hutchinson, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1921: (non Hooker f. & Thomson in Fl. Brit. India 1: 12). D. multiflora Hu; D. thalictrifolia Wallich; Diclytra scandens D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Dicentra scandens (D. Don) Walpers; D. ventii Khanh; Dielytra thalictrifolia (Wallich) G. Don. Mutu Jhar. PC. Common Dicentra Bernh D. paucinervia K.R. Stern. Brittonia 13: 45, f.31, (Unresolved). Climber Eomecon Hance E. chionantha Hance, J. Bot. (Morot) 22: Snow Poppy, Chinese Bloodroot. GH Fumaria L F. indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley, ; J. Linn. S. B. 44: 313 (1919). F. parviflora var. indica, F. vaillantii var. indica. Indian Fumitory; Ban Salpa; Banganjar, Dhukure; Shahtar. AH. Common Meconopsis Vig M. lyrata (Cummins & Prain) Fedde ex Prain, Kew Bull. 1915: Cathcartia lyrata H. A. Cummins & Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 64: ; C. polygonoides Prain; Meconopsis compta Prain; M. polygonoides (Prain) Prain. Herb M. nepalensis DC., Prodr. 1: (Unresolved). M. napaulensis; M. wallichii Hook., Bot. Mag. 78: t (1852), p.p. Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 119 (1872). M. wallichii var. fuscopurpurea Hook., B. Mag. 110, t (1884). Kyasar. PH. Less common M. paniculata (D.Don.) Prain, J. As. S. Beng. 64: 316 (1895). M. napaulensis Candolle; M. paniculata var. elata Prain; M. wallichii Hook. Bot. Mag. 78: f f Papaver paniculatum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Stylophorum nepalense (Candolle) Sprengel. Satinpoppy; Gyashur. Herb. Less common.

70 M. villosa (Hook. f.) G. Taylor; Meconopsis 28 (1934)(Unresolved). Cathcartii villosa Hook.f. Bot. Mag. 77: t PH. 93. PASSIFLORACEAE Juss. ex Roussel, Fl. Calvados, ed. 2: Mai 1806, nom. cons. (Passion-flower Family). Genus: 2; Species: Adenia Forssk A. cardiophylla (Masters) Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 15: Climber. Rare A. trilobata (Roxb.) Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 14: Modecca trilobata Roxb. SC. Abundant Passiflora L P. edulis Sims, B. Mag. 45: t (1818). Jhumke laharo. SC P. foetida L., Sp. Pl. 2: P. foetida var. hispida (Candolle ex Triana & Planchon) Killip; P. hispida Candolle ex Triana & Planchon; Dysosmia foetida (Linnaeus) M. Roemer; Granadilla foetida (Linnaeus) Gaertner; Tripsilina foetida (Linnaeus) Rafinesque. Sano jhar. Vine. Common P. nepalensis Walp, Repert. Bot. Syst. (Walpers) 2: (Unresolved). Anthactinia nepalensis M. Roem. Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 2: SC P. vespertilio L. Sp. Pl P. geminiflora D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep Black passion flower. Climbing vine. Common. 94. PHYLLANTHACEAE Martinov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: Aug 1820, nom. cons. = Euphorbiaceae (the Phyllanthus or Amla family). Genus: 9; Species: Antidesma L not Wall A. acidum Retz., Obs. B. 5: A. diandrum (Roxb.) Roth, Nov. Sp (Gamble s list); Stilago diandra Roxb., Pl. Corom. 2: 35, t Archal, Nakadansing, Ban musari, Patimil. Shrub. Less common A. bunius (L.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: ; Gamble 1878 (misspelt bunias ). Himalchiri; Kautjer. Tree, rarely shrub A. montanum Blume. Bijdr A. menasu (Tul.) Müll.Arg. Prodr. 15(2): A. acuminatum Wall in Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 6: t (1853). Chinese laurel; Kumbyúng; Tungcherkúng. Shrub or tree Aporosa Blume A. cardiosperma (Gaertn.) Merr. J. Arnold Arbor. 35: ; N.P.Balakr. & Chakrab., Fam. Euphorbiaceae India A. lindleyana (Wight) Baill. Étude Euphorb (Gamble s list); Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Croton cardiospermus Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: ; Scepa lindleyana. Lindlay s Aporosa; Kagbhalai. Tree A. octandra (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) A. R. Vickery ex M. J. Short & A. R. Vickery, ; in H. Hara et al., Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 3: 193 (1982). A. dioica (Roxb.) Mull. Arg.; in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 472 (1866). A. roxburghii Baill., Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 645 (1858). Alnus dioica Roxb.; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: (1832). Lepidostachys roxburghii Wall.; Cat. 229, n (1832). Archal, Asare, Barkaunli. Shrub or small tree. Rare Baccaurea Lour., B. ramiflora Lour., Fl. Cochinch B. sapida (Roxb.) Mull. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): (Gamble s list); Pierardia sapida Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: Kalabogati, Kusum, Sumblingkúng. Tree. Rare Bischofia Blume B. javanica Blume. Bijdr B. cumingiana Decaisne; B. leptopoda Müller Argoviensis; B. oblongifolia Decaisne; B. roeperiana Decaisne; B. toui Decaisne; B. trifoliata (Roxburgh) Hooker; Andrachne trifoliata Roxburgh; Microelus roeperianus (Decaisne) Wight & Arnott; Stylodiscus trifoliatus (Roxburgh) Bennett. Goileshing, Kainjal, Sinong-kúng, Uriam. Tree. Sparse Breynia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst B. retusa (Dennst.) Alston. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 11: B. patens (Roxb.) Benth.; Gen. Pl. 3: ; B. hyposauropus Croizat; Phyllanthus retusus Dennstedt, Schlüssel Hortus Malab. Register 1: 15; Register 2: 24; Register 3: ; Melanthesopsis patens (Roxb.) Müll. Arg. (Gamble s list). Ikti-kúng; Sano nun dhiki. Shrub Bridelia Willd B. glauca Bl., Bijdr B. pubescens Kurz. in J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 42 (2): et For Fl ; Hook f Fl Brit Ind 5: Tree. Less common B. montana (Roxb.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3, : Muell. Arg. In DC. Prodr. 15 (2): ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Gamble Clutia montana Roxb. Pl. Coromandel 2: Gayo. Tree B. retusa (L.) Juss., Euphorb. Gen ; Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: ; Gamble ; B. cambodiana Gagnepain; B. fordii Hemsley; B. pierrei Gagnepain; B. spinosa (Roxburgh) Willdenow; Clutia spinosa Roxburgh. C. retusa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: Geio, Lahare gayo, Gaumbha, Kuhir, Kulir, Pengji-kúng. Tree. Less common B. sikkimensis Gehrm. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41(95): Bridelia cuneata Gehrm. Shrub. Less common B. stipularis (L.) Blume, Bijdr ; Gamble B. scandens (Roxburgh) Willdenow; Clutia stipularis L. Mant. Pl. 1: ; C. scandens Roxburgh. Loima-lara. Shrub. Less common B. tomentosa Blume, Bijdr Amanoa tomentosa Baill. Adansonia 6: Sibri, Manlet-kúng, Muse gayo. Shrub or treelet. Less common Glochidion J.R.Forst. & G.Forst G. acuminatum Mull. Arg.; Linnaea 32: 68 (1863). Phyllanthus bicolor Mull. Arg.; Flora 48: 389 (1865); in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 311 (1886). Lati Kath. Tree. Common.

71 G. daltonii (Müller Argoviensis) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu. App. A, cv; App. B, ; Hook.f., Fl. Br. Ind. 5: Phyllanthus daltonii Müller Argoviensis in A. Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): ; Diasperus daltonii (Müller Argoviensis) Kuntze; G. gamblei Hook.f. Shrub to tree G. ellipticum Wight Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: t G. assamicum (Müll.Arg.) Hook.f. Small tree G. heyneanum (Wight & Arn.) Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: t G. velutinum Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 5: t ; Gynoon heyneanum Wight & Arn. Edinburgh New Philos. J. 14: ; Phyllanthus nepalensis Mull. Arg., Flora 48: (Gamble s list). Downy melon featherfoil, velvetty melon featherfoil; Kaalikaath. Tree G. hohenackeri (Muell.-Arg.) Bedd. Fl. Sylv. S. India ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Phyllanthus fagifolius Müll.-Arg. Flora 48: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: ; P. hohenackeri Muell.-Arg., Flora 48: Paili. Shrub or tree G. khasicum (Müll.Arg.) Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: Diasperus khasicus (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze; Phyllanthus khasicus Müll.Arg. Flora 48: Shrub or treelet G. lanceolarium (Roxb.) Voigt. Hort. Suburb. Calcutt Bradleia lanceolaria Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 3: ; B. lanceolaria Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. 3: ; Diasperus lanceolarius (Roxb.) Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: ; Phyllanthus lanceolarius (Roxb.) Müll.Arg. Flora 48: (Gamble s list). Shrub or tree G. multiloculare (Rottler ex Willd.) Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt Agyneia multilocularis Roxb. ex Willd., Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 4: 206 (1803); Bradleia multilocularis (Roxb. ex Willd.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: ; Diasperus multilocularis (Roxb. ex Willd.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 600 (1891); Phyllanthus multilocularis (Roxb. ex Willd.) Mull. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): (Gamble s list). Jagri. Shrub or small tree G. nubigenum Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: G. velutinum var. nubigenum (Hook.f.) Chakrab. & M.Gangop. Diasperus nubigenus (Hook.f.) Kuntze. Tree G. thomsonii (Müller Argoviensis) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India. 5: Phyllanthus thomsonii Müller Argoviensis, Flora 48: (Gamble s list); Diasperus thomsonii (Müller Argoviensis) Kuntze. Latikath. Shrub G. triandrum (Blanco) C.B. Rob. Philipp. J. Sci., C 4: Diasperus triandrus (Blanco) Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: ; Phyllanthus bicolor Mull. Arg., Flora 48: (Gamble s list); P. triandrus (Blanco) Müll.Arg. Flora 48: Latikat, Lakrikat, Kair, Tetrikair-kúng. Shrub or treelet G. zeylanicum var. tomentosum (Dalzell) Trimen Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon G. hirsutum (Roxb.) Voigt Phyllanthus L P. anderssonii Müll. Arg. In DC. Prodr. 15(2): ; Gamble Diasperus anderssonii (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: ; Glochidion ellipticum Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: t Latikat. Tree P. emblica L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Gamble Cicca emblica (L.) Kurz. Forest Fl. Burma 2: ; Diasperus emblica (L.) Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: ; Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Amla, Amlaki, Amala, Aunla, Churooshing, Owla, Suom-kúng. Tree. Less common P. reticulatus Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Meth. B. 5: ; Gamble P. dalbergioides Wallich ex J. J. Smith; P. erythrocarpus Ridley; P. microcarpus (Bentham) Müller Argoviensis; P. multiflorus Poiret; P. multiflorus Willdenow (1805), not Poiret (1804); P. reticulatus var. glaber Müller Argoviensis; P. sinensis Müller Argoviensis, nom. invalid, nom. nud. (Müll.Arg. merely cited "Kirganelia sinensis Baill." (invalid) as the basionym); P. takaoensis Hayata. Anisonema reticulatum, Cicca microcarpa Bentham; C. reticulata (Poiret) Kurz; Diasperus reticulates; Glochidion microphyllum Ridley; Kirganelia multiflora Baillon; K. reticulata (Poiret) Baillon; K. sinensis Baillon; Black-Honey Shrub, black-berried featherfoil, potato-bush, netted-leaved leaf-flower; Panjuli. Shrub or small tree P. urinaria L., Sp. Pl. 2: Diasperus urinaria (L.) Kuntze; Phyllanthus alatus Blume; P. cantoniensis Hornemann; P. cantoniensis Schweigger (1812), not Hornemann (1807); P. chamaepeuce Ridley; P. lepidocarpus Siebold & Zuccarini; P. leprocarpus Wight; P. nozeranii Rossignol & Haicour. Chamberbitter, gripeweed, shatterstone, stonebreaker or leafflower; Hazarmani, Kanthad, Bhuiamala. AH. Less common P. virgatus G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. Prodr Phyllanthus simplex Retzius; P. simplex var. virgatus (G. Forster) Müller Argoviensis. Herb Sauropus Blume S. androgynus (L.) Merr., Bull. Bur. For. Philipp. Is. 1: = Breynia androgyna (L.) Chakrab. & N.P. Balakr., comb. nov. Clutia androgyna Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 1: ; Aalius androgyna (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Sauropus albicans Blume; Bijdr ; S. indicus Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 6: t (1853). Sentungrúng. Shrub. Common S. compressus Müll.Arg. Prodr. 15(2): Breynia compressa (Müll.-Arg.) Chakrab. & N.P. Balakr., comb. nov.; Aalius compressa (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze; Sauropus quadrangularis (Willd.) Müll.-Arg. var. compressus (Müll.-Arg.) Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 26: ; S. pubescens Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 335 (1887). Shrub S. hirtellus (F.Muell.) Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 35: Glochidion hirtellum (F.Muell.)

72 H.Eichler, Suppl. J. M. Black Fl. S. Austral. ed ; Synostemon hirtellus F. Muell., Fragm. 3: Subshrub. Sporadic S. quadrangularis (Willd.) Mull. Arg., Linnaea 32: Breynia quadrangularis (Klein ex Willd.) Chakrab. & N.P. Balakr., comb. nov. Phyllanthus quadrangularis Klein ex Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: ; Aalius ceratogynum Kuntze; A. compressa (Müller Argoviensis) Kuntze; A. pubescens (J. D. Hooker) Kuntze; A. quadrangularis (Müller Argoviensis) Kuntze; A. rigida (Thwaites) Kuntze; Ceratogynum rhamnoides Wight; P. leschenaultii Müller Argoviensis var. tenellus Müller Argoviensis; P. rhamnoides Roxburgh (1832), not Retzius (1788); Sauropus ceratogynum Baillon; S. compressus Müller Argoviensis; S. concinnus Collett & Hemsley; S. pubescens J. D. Hooker; S. quadrangularis Müller Argoviensis var. compressus (Müller Argoviensis) Airy Shaw; S. rigidus Thwaites. Shrub. Common S. stipitatus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Breynia gynophora Welzen & Pruesapan, nom. nov. (Pruesapan 2010); B. stipitata (Hook.f.) Chakrab. & N.P. Balakr., comb. nov.; Aalius stipitata (Hook. f.) Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: ; Phyllanthus stipitatus (Hook.f.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr., J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33: 715 (2009), nom. illeg. Fart Bush. Shrub. 95. PHYTOLACCACEAE R. Br. in J.H. Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire: Mar 1818, nom. cons. (Pokeweed family). Genus: 1; Species: Phytolacca L P. acinosa Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: 458 (1832). P. esculenta Van Houtte; P. pekinensis Hance. Jaringo, Hokling. Herb. Sparse. 96. PIPERACEAE Giseke, Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl.: 123. Apr 1792, nom. cons. (the Pepper Family). Genus: 2; Species: Peperomia Ruiz & Pav P. heyneana Miq., Syst. Pip P. duclouxii C. de Candolle. PH. Less common P. pellucida (L.) Kunth, in H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 1: 64 (1816). Shiny Bush, Slate pencil plant, Pepper elder, Rat s ear, Shiny bush, Silverbush. Luchipata. AH. Common P. tetraphylla (G. Forst.) Hook. & Arn., ; B. Beech. Voy. 97 (1832). P. reflexa (Linnaeus f.) A. Dietrich (1831), not P. reflexa Kunth (1815); P. reflexa (Linnaeus f.) A. Dietrich f. sinensis C. de Candolle; P. tetraphylla var. sinensis (C. de Candolle) P. S. Chen & P. C. Zhu; Piper tetraphyllum G. Forster, Prodr. Fl. Ins. Austr. 5: ; P. reflexum Linnaeus f. PH. Common Piper L P. attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex Miq. Syst. Piperac ; Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 5: P. malamaris Roxburgh, Fl. India 1: P. sirium C.DC. in DC., Prodr. 16(1): Pipal, Chaba. RP. Less common P. boehmeriifolium (Miq.) Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 16(1): P. boehmeriaefolia Wall.; Chavica boehmeriaefolia. False-nettle leaved pepper, Chaba. SC. Common P. chuvya Hunter ex DC. Prodr. 16(1): ; Hunter in Asiat. Res. 9: (Unresolved). Piper betle. Climber. Endemic. Common P. hamiltonii DC. Prodr. 16(1): ; Hook.f. in Fl. Brit India 5: (Unresolved). Janglipan. SC. Less common P. khasianum DC. Prodr. 16(1): ; Hook.f., Fl. Brit India 5: (Unresolved). P. curtistipes C. DC., Candollea 1: ; et 2: P. manii C. DC., Candollea 1: ; et 2: Chabro. SC. Less common P. longum L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Roxburgh, FI. Indica 1: ; ed.2, 1: ; Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 5: Chavica roxburghii Miquel. in Hooker, Lon. J. Bot. 4: P. latifolium Hunter in Asia. Res. 9: P. sarmentosum Wall., Cat Long pepper, Indian long pepper; Pipal, Pipla, Pipla-mul, Pipulmul. PC. Common P. mullesua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 20 (1825). P. brachystachyum, Piper guigual. Hill pepper. PC. Less common P. nigrum L., Sp. Pl. ed 1: ; Roxburgh, Fl. Indica 1: ; Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: P. nigrum var. macrostachyum C. DC.; P. trioicum Roxburgh, Fl. Indica 1: P. nigrum var. trioicum C. DC. in Prodr. 16(1): Golmorich, Kala-mirich. Climber. Rare. Planted P. pedicellatum DC., J. Bot. 4: P. curtipedunculum C. DC. Climber. Less common P. pedicellosum Wall. Numer. List 6646 B 1832 (Unresolved); P. boehmerifolium Wall. (cat. no A , nom. nud.) ex DC. Prodr. 16(1): ; Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 5: P. clarkei C. DC. in Candollea 1: ; et in 2: P. nigranebtum C. DC., Fedde Repart. 14: P. pedicillosum Wallich ex C.DC. sensu Das & Chanda. P. pedicellosum Wall. ex C.DC. in DC., Prodr. 16(1): ; Hook.F., Fl. Br. Ind. 5: Cubeba neesii Miq. Syst. Piperac Balay chabo & Long pipla. Climber. Rare P. peepuloides Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 159 (1820); ed. 2: 157 (1832)(Unresolved). Chavica peepuloids Miq., Peperomia peepuloides A. Dietr. Wild pepper, Long pepper, Peepul, Pippul. PS. Common P. suipigua Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal P. nepalense Miq., Syst. Pip. 318 (1843). Chavica suipigua (Buchanan- Hamilton ex D. Don) Miquel. Dakley chabo P. sylvaticum Roxurgh, Fl. India 1: DC. in DC., Prodr., 16(1): ; Wallich, Cat A.B., 1832; Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 5: Chavica sylvatica (Roxburgh) Miquel. C. thomsonii C. DC. in DC., Prodr. 16(1): P. thomsonii (C. DC.) Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India. 5:

73 1886. Mountain Long Pepper; Pahari Pipul; Janglipaan. Climbing herb. Common P. zeylanica L., ; Sp. Pl. 151 (1753). Chita, Chitu. PH or Shrub. Rare. 97. PITTOSPORACEAE R. Br. in M. Flinders, Voy. Terra Austral. 2: Jul 1814, nom. cons. (the Pittosporum Family). Genus: 1; Species: Pittosporum Banks ex Sol P. napaulense (DC.) Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 3: P. floribundum Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient (Gamble s list); Senacia napaulensis DC., Prodr. 1: Khorsane, Phurke, Prongzam-kúng. Shrub or small tree. Common PODOSTEMACEAE Rich. ex Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: ed. qu.: Mai 1816, nom. cons. (the riverweed family). Genus: 1; Species: Hydrobryum Endl H. griffithii (Wall. ex Griff.) Tul., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 11: Podostemum griffithii Wallich ex Griffith, Asiat. Res. 19: AH. Aquatic. 98. PLANTAGINACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Plantain family). Genus: 5; Species: Callitriche L C. stagnalis Scop., Fl. Carn ed. 2, 2: ; Clarke in Hook f., FI.Brit.lnd. 2: 434, Water-starwort. PH Cymbalaria Hill C. muralis P. Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb ssp. visanii D.A.Webb (1972). Linaria cymbalaria (L.) Mill. subsp. cymbalaria var. pilosa Vis.; Linaria pilosa auct., non (Jacq.) DC. Ivy-leaved toadflax. PH Neopicrorhiza D.Y.Hong N. scrophulariiflora (Pennell) D.Y.Hong, Opera Bot. 75: Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pennell. PH. Endangered Picrorhiza Royle ex Benth P. kurroa Royle ex Benth. Scroph. Ind (Unresolved). P. kurrooa Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts PH. Endangered Plantago L P. asiatica ssp. erosa (Wall.) Z.Yu Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 70: P. centralis Pilg.; P. erosa Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 423 (1820). Nasey Jhar, Sabgol jhar. PH. Frequent P. major L., Sp. Pl Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: ; Das et al P. borysthenica. P. dregeana. P. latifolia. P. sinuata. Broadleaved Plantain; Nipple Grass, Waybread; Great plantain; Chamche-jhar. PH. Common. 99. PLATANACEAE T. Lestib., Botanogr. Elém.: Jun 1826, nom. cons. (the plane-tree or Sycamore family). Genus: 1; Species: Platanus L P. orientalis L., Sp. P ; Hook. f., l.c.; Brandis, Ind. Trees, ; Ghosh & Saha P. cuneata Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: ; P. orientalior Dode in Bull. Soc. Dendr. Fr. 7: Palikin in Fl. U.R.S.S. 9: ; Rivinia humilis L.(1753). Chinar, Oriental plane. Tree PLUMBAGINACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. ( the leadwort or plumbago family). Genus: 1; Species: Plumbago L POLEMONIACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (Jacob's-ladder or phlox family). Genus: 1; Species: Cobaea Cav C. scandens Cav. Icon. 1: 2, t. 16, Rosenbergia scandens (Cav.) House, Muhlenbergia 4: Cup and saucer vine. PC POLYGALACEAE Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Portug. 1: Sep 1809, nom. cons. (the Milkwort Family).Genus: 2; Species: Polygala L P. arillata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep ; Gamble Chamaebuxus arillata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Hassk., Ann. Mus. B. Lugd.- Bat. 1: Polygala arillata var. laevicarpa R. N. Banerjee & G. S. Giri, Candollea 42 (2): Karima, Marcha, Michepnor-kúng, Luinche phool. Shrub. Rare P. chinensis L., Sp. Pl. 2: P. glomerata. AH. Less common P. crotalarioides Buch.-Ham. ex DC., Prodr. 1: 327 (1824); D.Don, Prod. Fl. Nep PH P. linarifolia Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: P. aurata Gagnep.; P. brachystachya Blume; P. chinensis var. brachystachya (Blume) Blume; P. chinensis var. linarifolia (Willd.) Chodat. AH or PH P. sibirica L., Sp. Pl var. elegans (Wall. ex Royle) H. Hara, J. Jap. B. 47: ; in Fl. E. Him. 3: P. monopetala Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 25.t P. sibirica var. monopetala (Camb.) Chodat in Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve. 31 (2) : R.R. Stewart, Ann.Cat. Vas. Pl.W.Pak. & Kash PH Salomonia cantoniensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: S. cantoniensis var. edentula (Candolle) Gagnepain; S. edentula Candolle; S. subrotunda Hasskarl. AH Xanthophyllum Roxb X. flavescens Roxb., Pl. Coromandel. 3: X. siamense Craib. Tree POLYGONACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the knotweed family or smartweed buckwheat family). Genus: 9; Species: Aconogonon (Meisn.) Rchb.

74 A. molle (D.Don) H.Hara in Fl. E. Himal (Unresolved). Ampelygonum molle (D. Don) Roberty & Vautier Persicaria mollis (D. Don) Gross Polygonum molle D. Don Thrumbula. SC. Common Antigonon Endl A. leptopus Hooker & Arnott in Bot. Beech. Voy. 308.t Corculum leptopus (Hook. & Arn.) Stuntz in U.S.Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. 282: Coral vine, Honolulu creeper. SC Bistorta (L.) Scop B. emodi (Meisner) H. Hara in Fl. E. Himal (Unresolved). Herb Fagopyrum Mill F. acutatum (Lehm.) Mansf. ex K.Hammer, Verz. Landwirtsch. Gartn. Kulturpfl. ed. 2, 1: F. acutatum Lehm., Index Seminum (HBG) 1821: ; F. cymosum (Trevir.) Meisn.; in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 3: 63 (1832); F. dibotrys (D. Don) Hara, Fl. E. Himal ; 2: ; Hara in Hara et al., Enum. Fl. Pl. Nep. 3: ; Polygonum dibotrys D. Don, Prod. Fl. Nep ; P. cymosum Trevir.; Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol Nat. Cur. 13: 177 (1826); P. triangulare Wall. ex Meisn.; in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 3: 63 (1832). Ban Phappar, banogal. PH. Sparse Fallopia Adans., not Lour F. convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve in Taxon 19: Polygonum convolvulus L. Sp. Pl ; Hook. f., Fl. Brt. Ind. 5: ; Kom., Fl. URSS 5: ; Cullen & Coode in P.H.Davis, Fl. Turk. 2: ; Schiman-Czeika & Rech.f. l.c. 51; R. R. Stewart, Ann: Cat. Vasc. Pl. W. Pak. & Kashm ; Bhopal & Chaudhri, l.c. 70; Bilderdykia convolvulus (L.) Dumort. Fl. Belg. 18: 1827; D.A.Webb in Tutin et al., Fl. Europ. 1: ; Fagopyrum convolvulus (L.) H. Gross in Bull. Geogr. Bot. 23: ; F. carinatum Moench, Meth ; Tiniaria convolvulus (L.) Webb & Moq. in Webb & Berth. Phyt. Canar. 3: AH. Common Persicaria Mill P. amplexicaulis (D.Don.) Ronse Decr., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98: Bistorta amplexicaulis (D.Don) Greene; Polygonum amplexicaule D. Don., Prodr. Fl. Nepal P. amplexicaule var. speciosa. Chyau phul, Ratnyaulo. Herb P. barbata (L.) H.Hara in Fl. E. Himal Polygonum barbata L. Pire bikh. PH P. campanulata (Hook.f.) Ronse Decr., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98: Aconogonon campanulatum (Hook.f.) H.Hara in Fl. E. Himal ; Polygonum campanulatum Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Reynoutria campanulata (Hook.f.) Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: Rapre ghans US. Common P. capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Gross in Engl. Bot. Jahrb ; Hara in Fl. E. Himal ; in Hara et al., Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: ; Das et al Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: ; P. repens Wall. ex 167 Meisn., in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 3: 60 (1832). Ratnowlojhar. PH. Abundant P. chinensis (L.) H. Gross in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 49: 269, 277 & ; Hara in Fl. E. Him.: ; in Hara et al., Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: P. chinensis var. brachiata (L.) H. Gross, ; Fl. E. Him. 71 (1966). P. chinensis var. ovalifolia (L.) H. Gross, ; Fl. E. Him. 71 (1966). Polygonum chinense L., Sp. Pl.: ; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: ; Hook.f., Fl. Bri. Ind. 5: ; Ampelygonum chinense (L.) Lindl., ; B. Reg. 24: Misc. 62 (1838). Lahare Ratnyaul, Kukur thotne. US. Common P. hydropiper (L.) Delarbre, Fl. Auvergne ed. 2: P. hydropiper (L.) Opiz; P. hydropiper (L.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 10: ; Hara in Fl. East. Himal. 2: ; in Hara et al. Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: ; Polygonum hydropiper L., Sp. Pl ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: ; excl. var. eglandulosa Hook.f.; P. korrense Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 33: ; Nakai in Mor. Enum. Pl. Cor Pirre. PH. Common P. mitis (Schrank) Holub., Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: P. hydropiper subsp. mite (Schrank) A. Majeed & Kak in J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc ; P. hydropiper subsp. mite (Schrank) Munshi et Javeid, l.c comb. illegit. P. mitis (Schrank) Assenov in Jordanov, Fl. Nar. Rep. Balg. 3: ; Polygonum mite Schrank, Baier. Fl ; P. hydropiper L. var. eglandulosa Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: AH P. nepalensis (Meisn.) Miyabe, J. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 26: ; P. alata (Buch.- Ham. ex D. Don) Nakai; P. nepalensis (Meisn.) H. Gross in Bot. Jahrb. 49: ; Cephalophilon nepalense (Meisn.) Tzvelev.; Polygonum alatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don., Syst. Veg. 4: 11, ; P. nepalense Meisn., Monog. Polyg. 84, pl. 7, f ; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Nepal Persicaria. AH. Common P. orientalis (L.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 10: Polygonum orientale L., Sp. Pl. 1: Amblygonum orientale (Linnaeus) Nakai ex T. Mori. KISS-ME-OVER-THE-GARDEN-GATE; PRINCESS-FEATHER. AH. Common P. strigosa (R,BR.) Nakai Rigakkwai 24: Polygonum strigosum R. Brown, Prodr ; P. bodinieri H. Léveillé & Vaniot; Tracaulon strigosum (R. Brown) Greene; Truellum strigosum (R. Brown) Soják. Prickly Smartweed. Creeping or suberect herb P. wallichii Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 19: Aconogonon polystachyum (Wall. ex Meisn.) M.Král; Peutalis polystachya (Wall. Ex Meisn.) Raf.; Polygonum polystachynum Wall. ex Meisner in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: ; Reynoutria polystachya (Wall. ex Meisn.) Moldenke. Subshrub Polygonum L P. delicatulum Meisn. in Candolle, Prodr. 14(1): Koenigia delicatula (Meisner) H. Hara. Herb.

75 P. emodi Meisn. in Wall., Pl. Asia. Rar. 3: 51. t ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: ; Steward in Contr. Gray Herb. 88: Bistorta emodi (Meisn.) H. Hara, Fl. E. Him. 69 (1966); 2: 22 (1971). H. Hara in H. Hara et al., Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 3: 173 (1982); Persicaria emodi (Meisn.) Cubey, Hanburyana 1: ; Polygonum meissneri Wall. Cat , nom. nud. (Unresolved). PH P. filicaule Wall. ex Meisner in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: Koenigia nepalensis D. Don. AH P. microcephalum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Persicaria microcephala (D. Don) H. Gross. PH P. molle D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Totnye, Tuknu, Patu-swa. Subshrub P. molle var. molle (D. Don) H. Hara, Fl. E. Him. 1: 68 (1966); 2: 21 (1971) in H. Hara et al., Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 3: 172 (1982) = synonym of P. molle. Aconogonum molle (D. Don) H. Hara, Fl. E. Himalaya ; Ampelygonum molle (D. Don) Roberty & Vautier; Persicaria mollis (D. Don) H. Gross. Thotney, Patu swan. Shrub. Abundant P. molle var. frondosum (Meisner) A. J. Li in C. Y. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: (Unresolved). Polygonum frondosum Meisner in Candolle, Prodr. 14(1): ; Aconogonum molle (D. Don) H. Hara var. frondosum (Meisner) H. Hara; A. molle var. paniculatum (Blume) Yonekura & H. Ohashi; A. paniculatum (Blume) Haraldson; Polygonum paniculatum Blume; P. paniculatum var. frondosum (Meisner) Steward P. molle var. rude (Meisner) A. J. Li in C. Y. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: (Unresolved). Polygonum rude Meisner in Candolle, Prodr. 14(1): ; Aconogonum molle (D. Don) H. Hara var. rude (Meisner) H. Hara; Persicaria rudis (Meisner) H. Gross; Polygonum deflexipilosum Kitamura; P. esquirolii H. Léveillé; P. paniculatum Blume var. rude (Meisner) Steward; P. tsangschangicum Lingelsheim & Borza. Less common P. perfoliatum L., Syst. Nat., ed : Ampelygonum perfoliatum (Linnaeus) Roberty & Vautier; Chylocalyx perfoliatus (Linnaeus) Hasskarl ex Miquel; Echinocaulon perfoliatum (Linnaeus) Meisner ex Hasskarl; Fagopyrum perfoliatum (Linnaeus) Rafinesque; Persicaria perfoliata (Linnaeus) H. Gross; Tracaulon perfoliatum (Linnaeus) Greene; Truellum perfoliatum (Linnaeus) Soják. AH. Common P. plebeium R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 420 (1810). Polygonum cliffortioides Meisn. in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 3: 62 (1832). Polygonum dryandri Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 2: 255 (1825). P. elegans Aiton, ; H. Kew. ed. 2, 2: 419 (1811). P. herniarioides Delile, ; Fl. Aegypt. Ill. 61 (1813). P. roxburghii Meisn.; in DC., Prodr. 14: 93 (1856). Bethe, Sukul jhaar. AH P. posumbu Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Persicaria posumbu (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. Gross. AH P. praetermissum Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India. 5: Persicaria auriculata S. K. Dixit et al.; P. 168 hastatoauriculata (Makino ex Nakai) H. Gross ex Nakai; P. praetermissa (J. D. Hooker) H. Hara; Polygonum auriculatum Makino (1903), not Meisner (1826), nor J. D. Hooker & Thomson (1886); P. birmanicum Gage; P. hastatoauriculatum Makino ex Nakai; P. thunbergii var. hastatotrilobum subvar. eciliolatum H. Léveillé; Tracaulon praetermissum (J. D. Hooker) Greene; Truellum hastatoauriculatum (Makino ex Nakai) Soják; T. praetermissum (J. D. Hooker) Soják. PH P. pterocarpum Wall. Numer. List (Unresolved). Herb P. pubescens Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind Persicaria flaccida (Meisner) H. Gross; P. hydropiper (Linnaeus) Spach subsp. flaccida (Meisner) Munshi & Javeid; P. pubescens (Blume) H. Hara; Polygonum donii Meisner; P. flaccidum Meisn. Prodr. 14(1): ; P. flaccidum var. hispidum (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) J. D. Hooker; P. hispidum (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 5: ; P. hydropiper var. flaccidum (Meisner) Steward; P. hydropiper var. hispidum (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Steward; P. oryzetorum Blume. PH P. runcinatum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Persicaria runcinata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Gross, Bot. Jaarb. 49: Rat naulo. PH. Abundant P. thunberghii Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): Polygonum arifolium Thunberg, Fl. Jap , not Linnaeus (1753); Helxine arifolia Rafinesque; Persicaria sinica Migo; P. thunbergii (Siebold & Zuccarini) H. Gross; P. thunbergiivar. stolonifera (F. Schmidt) H. Gross ex Nakai; Polygonum hastatotrilobum Meisner; P. pteropus Hance; P. sinicum (Migo) Fang & Zheng; P. stellatotomentosum W. W. Smith & Ramas.; P. stoloniferum F. Schmidt; P. thunbergii var. stoloniferum (F. Schmidt) Makino; Tracaulon thunbergii (Siebold & Zuccarini) Greene; Truellum thunbergii (Siebold & Zuccarini) Soják. AH. Less common Rheum L R. acuminatum Hook. f. & Thomson ex Hook., B. Mag. 81: t (1885). Herb. Sparse Rumex L R. dentatus L., Mant. Pl. 2: ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 5: Ambavati, Banpalungo. Herb. Common R. hastatus D. Don., Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 14: ; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: R. dissectus H. Lév., Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 22: Shrub R. nepalensis Spreng., Syst. 2: ; Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 14: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: R. peregrinus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. Ser. 1,5: PH. Abundant R. patientia L., Sp. Pl. 1: R. patientia ssp orientalis (Bernh. ex Schult. f) Danser,

76 Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1923: R. orientalis Bernh. ex Schult. f., Syst. Veg. 7: AH PORTULACACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the purslane family). Genus: 1; Species: Portulaca L P. oleracea L., Sp. Pl. 1: Bara laniya; Kulfa saag. AH. Common PRIMULACEAE Batsch ex Borkh., Bot. Wörterb. 2: , nom. cons. (the primrose family). Genus: 9; Species: Ardisia Sw A. crenulata Vent. Choix Pl. t (Unresolved). Parathesis crenulata (Vent.) Hook. f. ex Hemsl. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2(10): Ardisia crenulata Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1: t Chumlani, Denyak. Shrub or small tree A. humilis Vahl. Symb. Bot. 3: ; Gamble Ardisia humilis var. arborescens C.B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 3(9): ; Bladhia humilis (Vahl) Sasaki, List Pl. Formosa ; Tinus humilis (Vahl) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: Shrub. Not common A. involucrata Kurz. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 40(2): ; Gamble Parardisia involucrata (Kurz) M.P. Nayar & G.S. Giri. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 28(1-4): Chumlani; Denyok. Shrub A. macrocarpa Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Gamble Himalayan coralberry; Damai phal. Shrub. Less common A. neriifolia Wall. List no , nom. Nud. ex A.DC. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: , descry.; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: Ardisia austroasiatica E. Walker, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: ; A. floribunda Wall. Fl. Ind. 2: et List no , non Roem. et Schult. (1819). Large shrub or small tree A. solanacea (Poir) Roxb., Pl. Coromandel. 1: Damai Phul. Large shrub or small tree. Common Anagallis L A. arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: Blue Pimpernel, Armale, Krishnanil, Jon Kamari. AH Androsace L A. hookeriana Klatt, Linnaea. 32: PH A. nepalensis Derganc, Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. 10: (Unresolved). Androsace lehmannii Wall. ex Duby in DC., Prodr. 8: 48 (1844). PH A. umbellata (Lour.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 15: [1920]. Drosera umbellata Lour. Fl. Cochinch Primula umbellata (Lour.) Bentv. Fl. Malesiana, Ser. 1, Spermatoph. 6: Chhate primula. AH Embelia Burm.f E. floribunda Wall., in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: Ribesiodes floribundum (Wallich) Kuntze; Samara floribunda (Wallich) Kurz. Shrub. Common E. ribes Burm. f., Fl. Indica. 62. pl Embelia ribes subsp. ribes; Ribesiodes ribes (N. L. Myanmarn) Kuntze; Samara ribes (N. L. Myanmarn) Kurz. Embelia. Shrub. Less common Lysimachia L L. alternifolia Wall., in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: (Unresolved). Lysimachia glandulosa Edgew.; L. quinquangularis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don; L. tetragona D. Don), Himalayan Yellow Loosestrife. Herb L. congestiflora Hemsley in F. B. Forbes & Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: PH L. debilis Wall. in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: PH L. evalvis Wall. in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: PH L. ferruginea Edgew., ; Tr. Linn. S. 20: (Unresolved). PH L. japonica Thunberg, Fl. Jap PH L. javanica Blume, Bijdr (Unresolved). AH L. laxa Baudo, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 20: Lysimachia ramosa Wall. ex Duby, Prodr. 8: PH L. prolifera Klatt, Abh. Naturwiss. Naturwiss. Verein Hamburg. 4(4): PH Maesa Forssk M. argentea (Wall.) A. DC. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 16: 96, pl Baeobotrys argentea Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: Shrub or small tree M. chisia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep ; C.B. Clarke in Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: Maesa prodigiosa C. Chen. Bilaunae. Bilaunae. Shrub. Common M. indica (Roxburgh) A. de Candolle, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 17: Baeobotrys indica Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: Kalo Bilaunae. Shrub. Common M. macrophylla (Wall.) A. DC., Tr. Linn. S. 17: (Unresolved). Baeobotrys macrophyllus Wall., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Maesa tomentosa D. Don, ; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 148 (1825). Bhogati. Shrub or small tree M. montana A. DC., Prodr. 8: Maesa argentea (Wallich) A. de Candolle var. kwangsiensis Handel-Mazzetti, M. castaneifolia Mez; M. formosana Mez; M. henryi H. H. Hu; M. martinii H. Léveillé. Shrub or small tree M. rugosa C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 3: Maesa indica (Roxburgh) A. de Candolle var. retusa Handel-Mazzetti. Shrub. Less common Myrsine L M. semiserrata Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: Celastrus cavaleriei H. Léveillé; C. seguinii H. Léveillé; Myrsine semiserrata var. brachypoda Z. Y. Zhu. Bilsi, Beresi, Bilauni, Kalikatha, Karauta, Tungcheong. Shrub Primula L P. calderiana Balf. f. & R.E. Cooper, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): P.

77 calderiana I. B. Balfour & Cooper f. alba (W. W. Smith) H. Hara; P. calderiana var. alba (W. W. Smith) W. W. Smith & H. R. Fletcher; P. laeta W. W. Smith; P. roylei I. B. Balfour & W. W. Smith; P. roylei subsp. calderiana (I. B. Balfour & Cooper) W. W. Smith & Forrest; P. roylei var. alba W. W. Smith. Purple Golden-Eyed Primrose. PH P. capitata Hook., B. Mag. 76: t (1850); in Fl. Br. Ind. 3:486 (1882); in B. Mag. 113; t. 6916B (1887). Ssp. capitata; ssp. crispata Hook. f., Not. B. G. Edinb. 16: 18 (1928). Purplehead primrose. PH. Common P. denticulata Smith, Exot. Bot. 2: ssp. denticulate. Neccabu (New.). PH. Common P. edgeworthii (Hook. f.) Pax; in Engl., Pflreich IV-237 (Ht. 22): 41 (1905)(Unresolved). Edgeworth's Primrose. AH P. geraniifolia Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3(9): Primula heucherifolia Franchet subsp. humicola (I. B. Balfour & Forrest) W. W. Smith & Forrest; P. humicola I. B. Balfour & Forrest. PH P. gracilipes W.G. Craib, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6(29-30): Primula petiolaris var. nana Hook. f.; Fl. Br. Ind. 3: 493 (1882), p.p.; P. scullyi Craib; Not. B. G. Edinb. 6: 255 (1917). PH P. ianthiana Balf.f. & Cave, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: (Unresolved). Aleuritia ianthina (Balf.f. & Cave) Soják. Herb. Endemic P. irregularis Craib, Not. B. G. Edinb. 6: (Unresolved). Herb P. kingii Watt, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: ; Fl. Brit. India 3: ; Fl. Bhutan 2(2): Primula gageana I.B. Balfour & W.W. Smith, Not. Bot. Gar. Edinb. 9: Herb. Extremely rare P. listeri King ex Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 3: (Unresolved). Auganthus listeri (King) Soják. Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148: PH P. macrophylla D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal PH P. malacoides Franc., Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 33: ; Ghosh et al. 1978; Das et al AH P. petiolaris Wall., ; in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 22 (1824); Tent. Fl. Nap. 42, t. 31 (1826); Cat. 18, n. 603 (1829)(Unresolved). Primula tridentata D. Don, ; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 77 (1825). AH P. rotundifolia Wall. Fl. Ind., ed : P. cardiophylla Balf. f. & W.W. Sm.; P. cordata Balf. f. ex W.W. Sm. & Forrest; P. cordifolia Pax; P. roxburghii N.P. Balakr. PH P. scapigera (Hook.f.) Craib, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 6: Primula petiolaris Wallich var. scapigera J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: PH. Rare P. sikkimensis J. D. Hooker, Bot. Mag. 77: t Primula microdonta Franchet ex Petitmengin; P. microdonta var. alpicola W. W. Smith f. micromeres W. W. Smith; P. pseudosikkimensis Forrest; P. pudibunda W. W. Smith; P. sikkimensis J. D. Hooker subsp. 170 pseudosikkimensis (Forrest) W. W. Smith & Forrest; P. sikkimensis subsp. pudibunda (W. W. Smith) W. W. Smith & Forrest; P. sikkimensis var. hookeri Stapf; P. sikkimensis var. lorifolia W. W. Smith; P. sikkimensis var. pudibunda (W. W. Smith) W. W. Smith & H. R. Fletcher. PH Rapanea Aubl R. capitellata (Wall.) Mez., Pflanzenr. IV 236(Heft 9): Myrsine capitellata Wall., Fl. Ind., ed. 1820, 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: p.p.; M. wightiana Wall.; M. avenis DC. Shrub to small tree PROTEACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Protea family). Genus: 1; Species: Helicia Lour H. cochinchinensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: ; Gamble Helicia annularis W. W. Smith; H. tonkinensis Lecomte. Shrub to small tree. Not common H. nilagirica Bedd., Madras J. Lit. Sci., ser. 3, 1: 56, pl ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Helicia erratica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5(13): Bandare. Tree. Less common H. robusta (Roxb.) R. Br. ex Blume, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. II, 1: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Gamble Roupala robusta Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: Small tree RANUNCULACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Buttercup Family); Chaudhuri Genus: 13; Species: Aconitum L A. elwesii Stapf, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 10(2): 174. T.112A. 1905; Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta 10(3): t ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 10. Uniyal & Thothathri, A. uncinatum sensu Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; non L. Herb A. ferox Wallich ex Ser., Mus. Helvet, 1: ; Hook.f. & Thoms. in Hook.f., l.c. 28, p.p.; Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 10(3): t ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 12; Uniyal & Thothathri, ; Hussain & Hore Aconitum ferox var. naviculare Brühl, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 5: Indian Aconite, Wolfsbane, Monkshood; Atisingiya, Bikhumma, Bacchang, Meetha zahar, Seto bish Herb. Rare. Threatened A. heterophylloides (Brühl) Stapf Ann. B. G. Calc. 10: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 14; Uniyal & Thothathri, A. ferex Wall. ex Ser. var. heterophylloides Brühl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 5: , p.p.; Aconitum laciniatum (Brühl) Stapf. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 10(2): ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 17; A. ferex Wall. ex Ser. Var. laciniata Brühl, l.c. 111, p.p.; Uniyal & Thothathri, Aconite; Atis, Bikhuma, Kalo Bikhoma, Nirbanshi. Herb A. heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle var. bracteatum Stapf. in Annals of the Royal Botanic

78 Garden, Calcutta, 10(3): t. 100, Aconitum kashmiricum Stapf ex Coventry. Indian Atish, Atis Root; Patris. PH. Rare A. lethale Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: Aconitum spicatum (Brühl) Stapt. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 10(2): 165, t.106 & ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 22; Uniyal & Thothathri, A. ferex var. spicata Brühl, l.c. 111, l.c. 110 et vars. Crassicaulis, heterophylloides p.p. & laxiflora. Nepal aconite; Bisjara, Nilo Bikh, Nyine. PH. Rare. Endangered A. napellus L., Sp. Pl ssp. vulgare (DC.) Rouy & Fouc. Fl. France 1: Delphinium napellus (L.) Baill. A. spicatum (Bruhl) Stapf. Aconite, Monkshood. PH. Rare A. novoluridum Munz in Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, 10(3): t ; Gentes Herb. 6: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 21; Uniyal & Thothathri, Plate 259. A. luridum Hooker & Thomson in Hook.f., l.c. 28, not Salisbury (1796, nom. illeg., included A. variegatum L.). Herb A. palmatum D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta 10(3): t ; Biswas, Plants of Darjeeling & Sikkim Himal. 1: Aconitum ferox subsp. palmatum (D. Don) Brühl. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 5: ; A. bisma (Buch.-Ham.) Rap. in Növényt. Közlem. 6: , Rau in Sharma et al., Fl. India 1: ; Uniyal & Thothathri, ; Chhetri et al ; Caltha bisma Buch.- Ham. in Brewst. Edinb. J. Sci. 1: Aconite, Crowfoot; Kalo Bikhma; Bikhuma, Seto Bikhma, Surja Haushi. PH. Rare. Endangered Actaea cimicifuga L., Sp. Pl. 1: Cimicifuga foetida L., Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., l.c., 30; Hara, l.c. 88; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 51. Gya tsi goepa. PH. Occasional Anemone L A. griffithii Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind et in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 31; Biswas, Pl. Darjeeling & Sikkim Himal. 1: ; Uniyal & Thothathri, Suffrutescent herb A. hupehensis (É.Lemoine) É.Lemoine, Cat. 176: (Unresolved). Anemone japonica (Thunberg) Siebold & Zuccarini var. hupehensis Lemoine, Lemoine s Cat. 170: A. obtusiloba D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nep ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., l.c. 8; Rauin Sharma et al., l.c. 32; Uniyal & Thothathri, Ssp. obtusiloba. Blue Himalayan Anemone, Blue Buttercup, Himalayan Thimbleweed; Kawashud, Ratan jot, Jarlyoung reep, Rikabe. PH. Less common A. rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex DC., Syst. Nat. 1: ; Hook. F. & Thoms. in Hook. f., l.c. 9; Hara, Fl. East Himal. 1: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 35. Haatti paaile, Sukpa. Suffrutescent herb A. rupicola J.Cambessèdes, Voy. Inde. 4(Bot.): [Recently renamed as Eriocapitella rupicola (Cambess.) Pusalkar, D.K.Singh & S.K. Srivast. In Indian J. Forest. 35(1): , but not accepted in The Plant List 2013] Anemone batangensis Finet; Anemone rupestris Jacquem. Ex Cambess. [Invalid]; Anemone rupicola var. glabriuscula Hook.f.&Thomson; Anemo ne rupicola subsp. reniformis R.P.Chaudhary; Anemone rupicola var. sericea Hook.f. & Thomson; Anemone rupicola subsp. sericea (Hook.f. & Thomson) R.P.Chaudhary). Rock Anemone, Wood anemone. Suffrutescent herb A. vitifolia Buch.-Ham. ex DC., Syst. Nat. 1: ; Hook. f. & Thpms. in Hook. f., l.c. 40. Maaure Mulo. Sffrutescent herb Calathodes Hook.f. & Thomson C. palmata Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 44; Grammie in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 1(2): Herb Caltha L C. palustris L., Sp. Pl ; Hook. f. & Thoms. In Hook. f., l.c. 21; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 47. C. govaniana Wall. ex Royle, 3. Bot. Himal ; Hara, l.c. 87; C.p. var. himalensis (D. Don) Mukerjee, Bull. B. Surv. Ind. 2: Eka aankhle phul. PH C. scaposa Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Rau in Sharma e al., l.c. 49; Biswas l.c. Herb Clematis L C. acuminata DC., Syst. Nat. 1: ; Gamble 1878; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 56. C. acuminata var. hookeriana Allan,Fl. New Zealand 1: ; C. acuminata ssp. sikkimensis (Hook. f. & Thomes) Brühl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 5: ; C. acuminata var. sikkimensis Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook, f., l.c. 6. Ransag, Pinase Lahara. SC. Rare C. andersonii (C.B. Clarke ex Ktze) Eichler in Bibl. Bot. Stuttgart 124: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 57; Kapoor in Bull. Nat Bot. Gard. Lucknow 124: C. smilacifolia Wall. var. andersonii C.B. Clarke ex O. Ktze., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb Climber C. buchananiana DC., Syst. Nat. 1: ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., l.c. 6; Gamble 1878; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 60. Abijalo, Chhagalbati, Pinase lahara. Shrubby climber. Vulnerable. Common C. connata DC., Prodr. 1: ; FI. Brit. Ind. 1: Bhainse laharo. Climber. Less common C. florida Thunb Syst. Veg. ed Anemone japonica Houtt. Sffrutescent herb C. gouriana Roxb. ex DC., Syst. Nat. 1: ; Hook. f. & Thoms.in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Gamble 1878; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 64. Junge lahara, Chagalbati. Climber. Less common. 171

79 C. grewiiflora DC., Syst. Nat. 1: ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., l.c. 6; 'grewiæflora'. Gamble 1878; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 66. Bhere kuro. Climber. Common C. montana Buch.-Ham. ex DC., Syst. Nat. 1: ; Gamble 1878; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 69; Kapoor, Bull. Nat. Bot. Gard. Lucknow 124: Two varieties found- chumbica P.B. and praecox O. Ktze. in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 26: in Phalut, m (Chaudhuri 1993). Climber. Rare in wild C. napaulensis DC., Syst. Nat. 1: ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., l.c. 3; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 71; Biswas, Pl. Darjeeling & Sikkim Himal. 1: Imgo nak po. SC. Common C. puberula Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Biswas, l.c. 97; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 74. Clematis parviloba var. puberula (Hook. f. & Thoms.) Kuntze, Verh. B. Ver. Brand. 26: Climber C. siamensis Drumm. & Craib Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915: Climber C. smilacifolia Wall., Asiat. Res. 13: ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., l.c. 3; Gamble 1878; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 75. SC. Rare C. tongluensis (Brühl) Tamura, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. Kyoto 19: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 75. C. montana var. tongluensis Brühl, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 5: Climber Delphinium L D. caeruleum Jacq. ex Camb. in Jacq., Voy. 4 (Bot.): 7, t ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., l.c. 25; Biswas, l.c.; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 88. Herb D. glaciale Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Biswas, Pl. Darjeeling & Sikkim Himal. 1: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 92. Herb D. pyramidale Royle, Ill. B. Him ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 98. D. speciosum Bieb. var. pyramidale (Royle) Mukherjee in Bull. Bot. Surv. India 2: ; D. elatum L. var. ranunculifolium Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: Herb D. viscosum Hook. f. & Thoms, Fl. Ind. 1: in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Biswas, Pl. Darjeeling & Sikkim Himal. 1: Herb Dichocarpum W.T.Wang & P.K.Hsiao D. adiantifolium (Hook. f. & Thoms.) W.T. Wang & P.K. Hsiao in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: ; Tamura & Lauener in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 28: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c Isopyrum adiantifolium Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind. 1: ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: AH or PH Halerpestes Greene H. tricuspis (Maxim.) Hand-Mazz. in Acta Hort. Gotob. 13: ; Rau in Sharma e al., l.c Ranunculus tricuspis Maxim. Fl. Tangut ; R. cymbalariae Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: , p.p. non Pursh. Herb Naravelia DC N. zeylanica (L.) DC., Syst. Nat. 1: ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Gamble 1878; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c Atragene zeylanica L., Sp. Pl Rashgagri, Tumbum chilop, Chaul-bati, Muruche. SC. Common Oxygraphis Bunge O. endlicheri (Walp.) Bennet & Chandra in Ind. For. 108: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c Callianthemum endlicheri Walp. Rep. 1: ; O. polypetala Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Biswas l.c. Herb Ranunculus L R. adoxifolius Hand.-Mazz., Acta H. Gotob. 13: ; 9; Mukerjee in Bull. Bot. Surv. India 2: ; Hara in Fl. East. Himal. 2: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c R. affinis non R. Br.; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: , p.p.; R. caespitosus Wall. [Cat. no.4701] ex Hook.f. & Thomson in Fl. Ind. 1: (non Thuill., 1799). Prostrate herb R. brotherusii Freyn, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6: ; Hara, Fl. East Himal. 1: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c Ranunculus brotherusii var. brotherusii; R. brotherusii var. tanguticus (Fin. & Gagnep.) Tamura, Acta Phyt. Geobot. 23: 31 & ; R. affinis auct. Non R. Br.; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., l.c. 18, p.p. Herb R. diffusus DC., Prodr. 1: ; Hook.f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: & in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c Nakkore jhar. AH. Less common R. ficariifolius H. Lév. & Vaniot, Bull. S. B. Fr. 51: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c. 120; Biswas, Pl. Darjeeling & Sikkim Himal.1: R. flaccidus Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind & et in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; non Pers. PH R. laetus Wall. ex Hook. f. & J.W. Thomson, Fl. Ind ; Biswas, Pl. Darjeeling & Sikkim Himal. 1: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c R. cassius. PH R. pulchellus C.A. Meyer, Fl. Altaic. 2: Ranunculus pulchellus var. stracheyanus (Maxim.) Hand.-Mzt. PH R. repens L., Sp. Pl. 1: PH R. sceleratus L., Sp. Pl ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., l.c. 19; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c R. sceleratus var. umbellatus (Roxb. Ex Willd.) DC., Syst. Nat. 1: Polica Nakkore. AH. Common on marshy areas Thalictrum L T. chelidonii DC., Prodr. 1: ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., l.c. 11; Biswas, l.c. 101; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c Thalictrum chelidonii var. cysticarpum (Wall.) Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: PH T. cultratum Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: ; Cat. 130, n ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., l.c. 11; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c Thalictrum chelidonii var. cultratum (Wall.) Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: Tall herb.

80 T. foliolosum DC., Syst. Nat. 1: ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., l.c. 14; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c Dampate. Suffrutescent herb T. javanicum Blume, Bijdr ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook. f., l.c. 13; Rau in Sharma e al., l.c Herb T. mimus L, Sp. Pl ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook.f., l.c. 14; Biswas, Pl. Darjeeling & Sikkim Himal. 1: ; Rau in Sharma et al.,l.c Herb T. reniforme Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: ; Cat. 130, n ; Hook. f. & Thoms. in Hook f., l.c. 11; ; Biswas, Pl. Darjeeling & Sikkim Himal. 1: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c Thalictrum chelidonii var. reniforme (Wall.) Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: Herb T. rostellatum Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Biswas, Pl. Darjeeling & Sikkim Himal. 1: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c Herb T. saniculiforme DC., Prodr. 1: , Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind. 1: in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Biswas, Pl. Darjeeling & Sikkim Himal. 1: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c Herb T. virgatum Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Biswas, Pl. Darjeeling & Sikkim Himal. 1: ; Rau in Sharma et al., l.c Herb Trollius L T. pumilus D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal Herb RHAMNACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. ( the Buckthorn family). Genus: 8; Species: Berchemia DC B flavescens (Wall.) Wall. ex Brongniart, Mém. Fam. Rhamnées ; in Ann. Sci. Nat. 10: 357 (1827); Wall., Cat. 149, n (1829). Ziziphus flavescens Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: Ghugi. Shrub B. floribunda (Wallich ex Roxb.) Brongniart, Mém. Fam. Rhamnées ; in Ann. Sci. Nat. 10: 357, t. 13, ; Gamble Chiaduk, Rungyeong-rik. Shrub Gouania Jacq G. leptostachya DC., Prodr. 2: ; Gamble Batwasi, Tungcheongmon-rik. SC. Common G. napalensis Wall., in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: SC Hovenia Lindl H. dulcis Thunb., Nov. Gen. Pl H. dulcis var. acerba (Lindl., B. Reg. 6: t. 501 (1820) Sengupta & Safui. Bangee kath. Tree, rarely shrub Pomaderris Labill P. apetala Labill., Nov. Holl. Pl. 1: (Unresolved). Pomatoderris apetala (Labill.) Schult. Dogwood. Shrub Rhamnus L R. napalensis (Wall.) M. A. Lawson, Fl. Br. Ind. 1: , 'nipalensis'. Gamble Ceanothus napalensis Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: ["napalansis"]. Achal. Shrub R. purpurea Edgew., ; Tr. Linn. S. 20: 44 (1846). Lawson in Hook. f., l.c.; Brandis, For. Fl small tree R. virgata Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Gamble R. virgatus var. virgatus. Shrub or small tree Sageretia Brongn S. hamosa (Wallich) Brongniart, Mém. Fam. Rhamnées ; in Ann. Sci. Nat. 10: 360 (1827). Shrub Ventilago Gaertn V. denticulata Willd., Ges. Naturf. Fr. Neue Schr. 3: Ventilago calyculata Tul. in Am. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser ; Fl. Brit Ind. 1: Climber. Rare Ziziphus Mill Z. apetala Hook. f. ex M. A. Lawson, ; in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 635 (1875), ut 'Zizyphus'. H. Hara in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: 92 (1979)(Unresolved). Shrub Z. jujuba Mill, Gard. Dict. ed Rhamnus jujuba L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Rhamnus zizyphus L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Ziziphus jujuba (L.) Lam., Encycl. 3(1): (Gamble s list). 1789; Ziziphus jujuba (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: ; Z. mauritiana Lamarck, Encycl. 3: ; Zizyphon jujubum St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: Baer, Bogri, Kul, Singli. Shrub or small tree Z. rugosa Lam., Encycl. 3: ; Gamble Rhamnus rugosa Lamk. Dumarai, Rukh Baer. Shrub or small tree Z. xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1(2): ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: Rhamnus xylopyrus Retz., Obs. Bot. 2: Small tree. Common RHIZOPHORACEAE Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 2. Nov 1806, nom. cons. (Mangrove family). Genus: 1; Species: Carallia Roxb. [(nom. cons.)] C. brachiata (Lour.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 15: Diatoma brachiata Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: ; Carallia integerrima Candolle; C. sinensis Arnott; Petalotoma brachiata (Loureiro) Candolle. Kathe kera. Tree. Common ROSACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Rose and Apple family). Genus: 28; Species: Agrimonia L A. eupatoria L. Sp. Pl. 1: Agrimonia odorata. PH A. pilosa Ledeb., Index Seminum Hort. Dorpat., Suppl Agrimonia pilosa var. nepalensis (D. Don) Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 47: Bherakuro Kathalange (Ch). AH Aruncus L A. dioicus (Walter) Fernald, Rhodora 41: 423 (1939) ssp. triternatus (Maxim.) H. Hara, Fl. E. Him.

81 2: 50 (1971); in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: 133 (1979). Aruncus vulgaris Raf. Sylva Tellur ; A. dioicus var. triternatus (Maxim.) H. Hara, ; J. Jap. B. 30: 68 (1955); in Fl. E. Him. 119 (1966); A. sylvester delta triternata (Wall.) Maxim.; Act. H. Petrop. 6: 171 (1879); A. silvester Kostel. ex Maxim.; :F. & Fl. Nep. Him. 147 (1955); Actaea dioica Walter, ; Fl. Carol. 152 (1788); Spiraea aruncus L., D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 228 (1825). PH Chaenomeles Lindl C. japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach., Hist. Nat. Veg. 2: Cydonia japonica (Thunb.) Pers.; Pyrus japonica Thunb. Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3: Shrub Cotoneaster Medik C. acuminatus Wall ex Lindl., Tr. Linn. S. 13: 101, t. 9 (1822). Mespilus acuminata Loddiges. Bot. Cab. 16:, pl. 1522, Dhalke phool. Shrub C. confusus G. Klotz ex Arv. Kumar & Panigrahi. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 31(1-4): (Unresolved). Tree C. frigidus Wall. ex Lindl., B. Reg. 15: t (1829). Cotoneaster himalaiensis Hortorum ex Zabel. Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1897(6): Chhar. Shrub or small tree. Common C. griffithii G. Klotz. Wiss. Z. Friedrich- Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 19(3): (Unresolved). Shrub. Common C. insignis Pojark. Fl. URSS 9: 330 (1939). Contoneaster lindleyi auct. Shrub or small tree C. microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl., B. Reg. 13: t ; 15: in nota sub t Contoneaster microphyllus var. glacialis Baker in Saunders, Refug. B. 1: t. 51 (1869). Brush jhar, Khareto. Shrub. Common C. nitidus Jacques, ; J. S. Imp. Centr. H. 3: 516 (1859). Shrub C. pannosus Franch., Pl. Delavay Shrub C. rotundifolius Wall. ex Lindl., ; B. Reg. 15: t in nota (1829). Cotoneaster distichus var. tongolensis C.K. Schneid. C. microphyllus Wallich ex Lindley var. rotundifolius (Wallich ex Lindley) Wenzig; C. microphyllus var. lanatus Wall. ex Lindl., Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1: 759 (1906); Cotoneaster microphyllus var. uva-ursi Lindl.; Cotoneaster prostratus Baker; Cotoneaster rotundifolius var. tongolensis (C.K. Schneid.) Rehder. J. Arnold Arbor. 11(3): Shrub C. sandakphuensis Klotz, Bull. B. Surv. Ind. 5: 213 (1963)(Unresolved). Cotoneaster microphyllus var. glacialis Cowan & Cowan, Tr. N. Beng. 63 (1929); non Hook. f. (1878). Shrub. Endemic Crataegus Tourn. ex L C. clarkii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 2: [Jul 1878]. C. laevigata (Poir.) DC. Shrub or small tree Docynia Decne D. indica (Wall.) Decne., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris 10: 131, t. 14 (1874); Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: ; C.B. Clarke in J. Linn. Soc. 25: ; 174 Gamble, man. Ind. Timb ; Brandis, Ind. Trees ; Biswas in Fl. Darj ; Cowan & Cowan, N. Beng Pyrus indica Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: 56, t. 173 (1831); Cydonia indica (Wall.) Spach, Suite Buff. 2: ; Wenzig in Linnaea, ; Eriolobus indica (Wall.) C.K. Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk.1: ; Docynia griffithiana Decne. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 10: D. indica (Wall.) Decne. var. griffithiana (Decne.) Ghora in Bull. Bot. Surv. India 47(1-4): Indian crab apple, false quince; Likung, Mehul, Passy, Ekere. Tree. Rare D. indica var. griffithiana (Decne.) Ghora in Bull. Bot. Surv. India 47(1-4): Duchesnea Smith D. indica (Jacks) Focke, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 24[III,3]: Fragaria indica Andrews; B. Repos. 7: t. 479 (1807). Potentilla indica (Andrews) Wolf; in Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitt.-Eur. Fl. 6(1): 661 (1904). Indian mock-strawberry; Bhuin aiselu, Thare oonew. AH. Less common Eriobotrya Lindl E. bengalensis (Roxb.) Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 2(5): (Unresolved). Mespilus bengalensis Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed : 510. Maya. Tree E. dubia (Lindl.) Decne., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris 10: 145 (1-74), p.p. Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 371 (1878)(Unresolved). Photinia dubia Lindl.; Tr. Linn. S. 13: 104, t. 10 (1821). Jure kaphal. Tree. Endemic. Rare E. hookeriana Decne., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris 10: 146 (1874)(Unresolved). Small tree. Common E. petiolata Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 2: [Jul 1878](Unresolved). Maya. Tree. Endemic. Common Filipendula Mill F. vestita (Wall. ex G. Don) Maxim.; Acta H. Petrop. 6: 248 (1879). Spiraea vestita Wallich ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: ; S. camtschatica Pallas var. himalensis Lindley. Chitpava. Herb Fragaria L F. chiloensis (L.) Duchesne ex Weston, Botanicus universalis Botanicus universalis F. chiloensis (L.) Dechesne, Hist. Nat. Frais Chilean strawberry. PH F. daltoniana J. Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, 8: Himalayan strawberry; Bhiun ainselu. Herb F. nilotica (Das et al. 2008). (Not recorded in Kew list). PH. Common F. nubicola (Lindl. ex Hook.f.) Lacaita, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 43: Fragaria vesca L. var. nubicola J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Das et al Herb. Sparse F. rubiginosa Lacaita, J. Linn. S. B. 43: 467 (1916)(Unresolved). Fragaria vesca var. collina Hook. f.; Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 344 (1878), p.p. PH. Common F. vesca L., Sp. Pl. 1: Fragaria chinensis Losinsk.; Fragaria concolor

82 Kitag.; Potentilla vesca (L.) Scop. Wild or Woodland Strawberry. PH Geum L G. sikkimense Prain, J. As. S. Beng. 73: 200, t (Unresolved). Acomastylis sikkimensis (Prain) F. Bolle in Fedde, Repert. Beih. 72: Sikkim Avens. PH Kerria DC K. japonica (L.) DC., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 12: Rubus japonicus Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 2: ; Corchorus japonicus Thunberg. Shrub Malus Mill M. baccata (L.) Borkh., Theor.-prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1280 (1803). Pyrus baccata L., ; Mant. Pl. 75 (1767). Chiniya naspati. Tree M. sikkimensis (Wenz.) Koehne ex C.K.Schneid. Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde 1904, 719, f.398n-o,404a Malus sikkimensis (Wenz.) Koehne, Gatt. Pomac. 27 (1890); Pyrus pashia var. sikkimensis Wenz., Linnaea 38: 49 (1873); Pyrus sikkimensis (Wenz.) Hook. f., ; Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 373 (1878). Small tree. Rare Neillia D.Don N. rubiflora D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 229 (1825). Spiraea rubiacea Wallich. Shrub. Less common N. thyrsiflora D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 228 (1825). US. Common Padus Miller P. napaulensis (Ser.) C.K. Schneid. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1(5/6): (Unresolved). Cerasus napaulensis Ser. Prodr. 2: ; Prunus napaulensis (Ser.) Steud., Nom. B. ed. 2, 2: 403 (1841), 'nepaulensis'. Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 316 (1878), 'nepalensis'. Kitam. In F. & Fl. Nep. Him. 155 (1955). Cerasus napaulensis Ser. in DC., Prodr. 2: 540 (1825). Arupatey, Jungali aaru. Tree Photinia Lindley P. glabra (Thunberg) Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér : Crataegus glabra Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, Tree P. integrifolia Lindl., Tr. Linn. S. 13: 103 (1821); in B. Reg. 23: sub t (1837). Pyrus integerrima D. Don; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 237 (1825). Phalamey. Tree Potentilla L P. argyrophylla Wall. ex Lehm., Nov. Stirp. Pug. 3: Potentilla argyrophylla var. atrosanguinea (Lodd., G. Lodd. & W. Lodd.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2(5): ; Potentilla atrosanguinea Lodd., G. Lodd. & W. Lodd. PH P. cuneata Wall. ex Lehm., Pugill. 3: Potentilla ambigua Cambess. in Jacquem., Voy. 4 (Bot.): 51, t ; Potentilla cuneifolia Bertol., Misc. 24: 15, t Subshrub P. fruiticosa L. Sp. Pl. 495 (1753). Shrubby cinquefoil; Chiniya phal. Shrub. Rare P. fruiticosa var. arbuscula (D. Don) Maxim., Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. 175 Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9: Potentilla arbuscula D.Don., Prodr. Fl. Nep Shrub. Rare P. fulgens Wall. Curtis's botanical magazine 1800 sub t (Unresolved). Potentilla fulgens var. intermedia Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 350 (1878); Potentilla siemersiana Lehm., Pugill. 1: 31 (1828); Potentilla splendens Wall. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 230 (1825). Cinquefoil; Bajradanti, Bansuperi P. griffithii Hook. f., ; Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 351 (1878), cum varr. 1 et 2. Murata in Fl. E. Him. 2: 53 (1971). PH P. kleiniana Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient Potentilla anemonifolia Lehmann; P. bodinieri H. Léveillé. Kauwa ka phal. PH P. lineata Trevir. Index Seminum Hort. Vratislav. (unpeginated) 1822; Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 2: Potentilla fulgens Wall. Ex Hook.; Potentilla fulgens Lehm.; Potentilla fulgens var. acutiserrata (T.T. Yu & C.L. Li) T.T. Yu & C.L. Li; Potentilla fulgens var. macrophylla Cardot; Potentilla martini H. Lév.; Potentilla siemersiana Lehm.; Potentilla siemersiana var. acutiserrata T.T. Yu & C.L. Li; Potentilla splendens Buch.-Ham. ex Trevir.). Bansupari. PH. Common P. polyphylla Wall. ex Lehm., Pugill. 3: 13 (1831); Rev. Pot. 53 (1856). Potentilla mooniana Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 1: t. 233 (1839); Potentilla polyphylla beta barbata Lehm., Rev. Pot. 53 (1856); Potentilla sordida Klotzsch, B. Reise Pr. Waldem. t. 9 (1862). PH. Common P. sundaica (Blume) Kuntze Revisio generum plantarum Revisio generum plantarum; PH P. supina L., Sp. Pl ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: Potentilla supina var. paradoxa (Nutt.) Wolf, Monogr. Pot. 393 (1908). Jangali bajradanti. AH Prinsepia Royle P. utilis Royle Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 206, pl. 38, f Shrub Prunus L P. arborea (Blume) Kalkm., Blumea 13 (1965). Polydontia arborea Bl.; Prunus arborea var. montana (Hook.f.) Kalkman; Pygeum arborea Endl. Plum tree P. bracteopadus Koehne, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: Prunus nepalensis Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind Tree P. cerasoides Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prodromus florae nepalensis 1825, Cerasus puddum Wall., Plantae asiaticae rariores 1829, 37, t ; Prunus puddum Roxb. ex Wall., Plantae asiaticae rariores 1829, Wild Himalayan Cherry; Kongki, Piayun. Tree P. cerasus L. Cerasus communis. C. vulgaris; P. cerasus cornuta forma cornuta (Wall. ex Royle) Steud., Nom. B. ed. 2, 2: 403 (1841); in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: 141 (1979). var. villosa (Wall. ex Royle) Steud., Univ.

83 Mus. Univ. Tokyo Bull, 2: 54 (1971). Sour cherry, tart cherry or wild cherry; Arupatey. Tree P. ceylanica (Wight) Miq., Fl. Ind. Bot. 1: Polydontia zeylanica Wight, Illustr. 1: , "Polyodontia". Pygeum gardneri Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: , Pygeum wightianum Bl. ex Muell. in Walp., Ann. 4: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: Dharani. Tree. Endangered P. glauciphylla Ghora & Panigrahi, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 7(1): 228 (1985). Prunus racemosa var. glaucescens A.M.Cowan & Cowan, The trees of Northern Bengal Basaraiya. Tree P. nepalensis Ser. (Steud) (Unresolved). Cerasus napaulensis Ser. x DC. Prodr. 2: ; Padus napaulensis (Ser. ex DC.) Schneider, in Feddes Report 1: ; Prunus nepaulensis (Ser. ex DC.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2: ; P. nepalensis Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind.2: Wild cherry; Arupate, Traubenkinrsche. Tree P. padus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1: Cerasus padus (L.) DC.; Prunus padus var. commutata. Bird Cherry, Hackberry; Likh-aru, Arupatti, Hlo sa, Hlot-kúng. Tree or shrub P. persica (L.) Batsch., Beytr. Entw. Pragm. Gesch. Nat.-Reiche 1: 30 (1801)(Unresolved). Amygdalus persica L., ; Sp. Pl. 472 (1753); Persica vulgaris. Aaru, Takpo-kung. Tree P. rufa Wall. ex Hook. f., ; Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 314 (1878), p.p. H. Hara in J. Jap. B. 37: 98 (1962). Small Himalayan cherry. Tree. Rare P. singalilaensis H.Ohba & S. Akiyama, sp. nov. (Ohba & Akiyama 2010)(Unresolved). Singalila cherry plum. Shrub P. undulata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, ; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 239 (1825). Cerasus undulata (D. Don) Ser., ; in DC., Prodr. 2: 540 (1825); Laurocerasus undulata (D. Don) M. Roem., Syn. Rosfl.: 92 (1847). Goat-killing bird cherry. Tree P. wallichii Steud., Nomenclator botanicus 1840, Prunus acuminata (Wall.) D.Dietr., Synopsis plantarum 1839, Lali. Shrubs or tree P. wattii Ghora & Panigrahi. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 7(1): 231 (1985). Shrub Pyracantha M. Roemer P. crenulata (Roxb. D. Don) M. Roem., ; Syn. Monogr. 3: 220 (1847). Crataegus crenulata (D. Don) Roxb., ; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: 509 (1832). Mespilus crenulata D. Don, ; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 238 (1825). Himalayan firethorn; Nepalese White Thorn. Shrub or small tree Pyrus L P. communis L., Sp. Pl. 1: Pyrus communis var. sativa (DC.) DC.; Pyrus pyraster subsp. achras (Gaertn.) Terp.; Pyrus sativa DC. European pear. Wild pear. Tree P. pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don; Prodr. Fl. Nep ; Gamble Wild Himalayan Pear; Mayal, Mel, Naspati, Litong, Lee. Tree P. pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 40: P. pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai. Ficus pyrifolia N. L. Burman, Fl. 176 Ind ; Pyrus serotina Rehder. Sand pear. Tree Rosa L R. banksiae R.Br., H. Kew. ed. 2, 3: 258 (1811). Rosa banksiae var. alboplena Rehder. Lady Banks' Rose, Tombstone Rose. SC R. laevigata Michx. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: Rosa amygdalifolia Seringe; R. argyi H. Léveillé; R. cucumerina Trattinnick; R. laevigata var. kaiscianensis Pampanini; R. laevigata var. leiocarpa Y. Q. Wang & P. Y. Chen; R. nivea Candolle; R. ternata Poiret; R. triphylla Roxb. ex Lindl. Ros. Monogr Shrub R. macrophylla Lindl., Monogr. Rosa 35, t S. D. Brandis, Forest Fl. N. W. Ind , Crép., Prim. Monogr. Ros , Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: Rosa macrophylla var. hookeriana Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 2: Bhainsi KaandaaThreeleaf rose. Shrub R. moschata Herrm. Dissertatio inauguralis botanico-medica de Rosa Rosa brunonii Lindl., Monogr. Rosa 120, t. 14 (1820). Rosa pubescens Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2. 2: Ziel. in Rech.f., Fl. Iran. 152: Bhainsi kande gulaf. SC. Less common R. odorata var. gigantea (Collett ex Crép.) Rehder & E.H. Wilson, Pl. Wilson. 2(2): (Unresolved). Rosa gigantea Collett ex Crép. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 27: Wild giant tea-rose. Large scrabling shrub. Rare R. roxburghii Trattin., Ros. Monogr. 2: Rosa microphylla Desfontaines var. glabra Regel. Shrub R. sericea Wall. ex Lindl. Ros. Monogr. 105, pl Rosa tetrapetala Royle; R. wallichii Trattinnick. Himalayan rose. Shrub. Less common. Vulnerable Rubus L R. acuminatus Sm., in Rees, Cyclop. 30: Rubus n. 43 (1819). Saanu Ainselu. Shrub. Abundant R. bhotanensis Kuntze Methodik der Speciesbeschreibung und Rubus; (Unresolved). Shrub R. calycinoides Kuntze, Meth. Sp. Rubus 67, 78 & 83 (1879)(Unresolved). Creeping Bramble, Nepalese Raspberry, Creeping Rubus, Crinkle-leaf Creeper. Shrub R. calycinus Wall. ex D. Don, ; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 235 (1825). Bhuin ainselu; Dhungri jhar. BH R. diffissus Focke. Biblioth. Bot. 17, Heft 72(1): (Unresolved). Aselu, Suffyok-zhu. Shrub R. efferatus Craib. Fl. Siam. i. 570 (1931)(Unresolved). Rubus ferox, R. kurzii, R. moluccanus var. ferox. Blackberry. Shrub R. ellipticus Sm., in Rees, Cyclop. 30: Rubus n. 16 (1819); Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: ; Das et al R. gowreephul Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2: Yellow Himalayan raspberry; Ainselu, Toluaselu, Cesi, Aselu, Escalu. Shrub. Sparse.

84 R. eustephanos Focke Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(5, Beibl. 82): Shrub R. filiacens Smith in Sanyal et. al (Not in Kew list); SC R. fockeanus Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 44(2): (Unresolved). Rubus allophyllus Hemsley, p.p.; R. loropetalus Franchet; R. nutans Wallich var. fockeanus (Kurz) Kuntze; R. radicans Focke. Jangali Ainselu. PH R. fragarioides Bertoloni., Mém. Reale Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna. 12: Dalibarda fragarioides Michx.; Rubus arcticus L. var. fragarioides (Bertoloni) Focke. Herb R. gardenerianus Kuntze. Methodik der Speciesbeschreibung und Rubus. 1: "gardenerianus" (Unresolved). R. macrocarpus Gardn. In Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 8: , nom. illeg. Non-Benth. 1844; R. moluccanus L. var. macrocarpus (Gardn.) Trimen. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 2: p.p., R. moluccanus var. gardnerianus O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: ; R. moluccanus auct. Non L.; Fl. Brit Ind. 2: p.p. Tree R. glandulifar N.P. Balakr. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc (Unresolved). Shrub R. griffithii Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 327 (1878)(Unresolved). R. excurvatus. SC R. hamiltonii Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 328 (1878), 'hamiltoni' (Unresolved). Focke in Bibl. B. 17 (Ht. 72): 63 (1910). Shrub R. lineatus Reinw. ex Blume, Bijdr (1826). Ghyampe ainselu, Shempot. Herb. Common R. macilentus Jacquem. Ex Cambess, Voy. 4 (Bot.): 49, t. 60 (1835). Achung. Shrub R. mesogaeus Focke, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: in Bibl. B. 17 (Ht. 72): 204, f. 82 (1911). Shrub R. moluccanus L. Sp. Pl. 1: (Unresolved). Rubus capricorni, Rubus hillii, Rubus moluccanus var. dendrocharis. Bhotey pan. SC. Common R. niveus Thunb., ; Diss. Rubo. 7 & 9, f. 3 (1813). R. niveus var. rosaefolius Thunb.; H. Hara in Fl. E. Him. 130 (1966); in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: 146 (1979). Hill raspberry. Shrub. Common R. paniculatus Sm., ; in Rees, Cyclop. 30: Rubus n. 41 (1819). forma paniculatus Sm.; in Rees, Cyclop. 30: Rubus n. 41 (1819). forma tiliaceus (Sm.) H. Hara; Fl. E. Him. 3: 52 (1972); in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: 146 (1979). Numing-rik, Pattarola, Anchu, Kalahisalu, Kaalo ainselu. SC. Common R. pedunculosus D. Don., Prodr. Fl. Nepal Rubus gracilis Roxburgh (1824), not J. Presl & C. Presl (1822); R. gracilis Roxburgh var. chiliacanthus Handel-Mazzetti; R. hypargyrus Edgeworth; R. hypargyrus var. niveus H. Hara; R. niveus Wallich ex G. Don (1832), not Thunberg (1813); R. pedunculosus var. hypargyrus (Edgeworth) Kitamura. Three-Leaf Raspberry. Shrub R. pentagonus Wallich ex Focke, Biblioth. Bot. 17(Heft 72): Rubus tridactylus Focke, 177 Species ruborum : Bjake tshalu. Shrub R. phengodes Focke. Biblioth. Bot. 17, Heft 72(1): (Unresolved). Shrub R. reticulatus A. Kern., Novae plantarum species ; Wall. ex Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 2(5): Aselu, Suffyok-zhu. Shrub. Less common R. rosifolius Sm., ; Ic. Ined. 3: t. 60 (1791), 'rosaefolius'. forma coronarius Sm.; Rev. Gen. Pl. 224 (1891), sub Rubus rosifolius gamma normalis. H. Hara & H. Ohashi in Fl. E. Him. 131 (1966). Gempeaselu, Rato ainselu, Kashempongpot. Shrub. Common R. rugosus Sm., ; in Rees, Cyclop. 30: Rubus n. 34 (1819)(Unresolved). Rubus moluccanus. Jogi ainselu. Shrub. Abundant R. senchalensis Hara, Fl. E. Himalaya 2nd Rep.: [31 Mar 1971] (Unresolved). AH. Endemic. Rare R. splendidissimus H. Hara, ; J. Jap. B. 40: 327 (1965)(Unresolved). R. andersoni Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 333 (1878); Rubus lineatus var. andersonii. Phusre aselu, Shampot. SC. Rare R. sterilis Kuntz Methodik der Speciesbeschreibung und Rubus; (Unresolved). Shrub R. sumatranus Miq., Flora van Nederlandsch Indië appendix 1: Rubus indotibetanus Koidz.; Fl. Symb. Or. As. 65 (1930). R. asper D. Don non Presl., R. rosifolius sensu F.B.I. p.p non. Smith; R. sikkimensis Kuntze non Hook.f. Rubus indotibetanus Koidzumi. Shrub. Rare R. thomsonii Focke, ; Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 4: 198 (1874)(Unresolved). Shrub. Less common R. treutleri Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India. 2: Rubus arcuatus Kuntze; R. rosulans Kuntze; R. tonglooensis Kuntze. Shrub. Less common R. wardii Merrill, Brittonia. 4: Rubus gigantiflorus H. Hara; R. gigantiflorus var. chiliocanthus Handel-Mazzetti; R. gigantiflorus var. pluvialis Handel-Mazzetti; R. hookeri Focke, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen. 4: (Oct 1874); R. macrocarpus King ex C. B. Clarke (1876), not Bentham (1844), nor Gardner (1847). Suffyokzhu. Shrub. Common Sanguisorba L S. diandra (Hook.f.) Nordborg, Opera Bot. 11(2): Poterium diandrum J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: Himalayan Burnet. PH Sibbaldia L S. cuneata Hornemann ex Kuntze, Linnaea. 20: Sibbaldia parviflora Edgew.; Tr. Linn. S. 20: 44 (1846). Wedge Leaf Sibbaldia. PH S. micropetala (D. Don) Hand.-Mazz. in G. Karsten & H. Schenck, Vegetationsbilder. 22:8: Potentilla micropetala D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; P. albifolia Wallich ex J. D. Hooker. Small-flowered Sibbaldia. PH S. trullifolia (Hook.f.) Chatterjee. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(95):

85 (Unresolved). Potentilla trullifolia Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 2(5): Herb Sorbaria (Seringe) A. Braun S. tomentosa (Lindl.) Rehder. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 19(1): Schizonotus tomentosus Lindl. Botanical Register 26: Misc., Himalayan Sorbaria; Baakhre Jhaar. Shrub Sorbus L S. arachnoidea Koehne, ; Feddes Repert. 10: Sorbus foliolosa. Pasi. Tree S. cuspidata (Spach) Hedlund, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 35: Crataegus cuspidata Spach, Hist. Veg. Phan. 2: ; Pyrus crenata Lindley (1835), not D. Don (1825); P. vestita Wallich ex J. D. Hooker. Mayhell, Guhor, Singka. Tree. Common S. foliolosa (Wallich) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 2: var. wenzigiana (Schneider) Rushforth. Photinia foliolosa (Wall.) Koehne; Gatt. Pomac. 19 (1878). Pyrus foliolosa Wall., ; Pl. As. Rar. 2: 81, t. 189 (1831), p.p. Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 376 (1878), p.p; Pyrus wallichii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2(5): Kharsani, Thulo pas. Shrub S. griffithii (Decne.) Rehder. Plantae wilsonianae (Unresolved). Micromeles griffithii Decne.; Pyrus griffithii (Decne.) Hook. f. Pasi. Tree S. hedlundi C.K. Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1: (Unresolved). Pyrus hedlundi. Sanu Tanga, or Lekh Mehel. Tree S. insignis (Hook.f.) Hedlund, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 35(1): Pyrus insignis J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: Sikkim whitebeam. Tree rarely shrub S. kurzii (Watt ex Prain) C. K. Schneid.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, 6: 315 (1906). Pyrus kurzii Watt ex Prain; J. As. S. Beng. 73: 203 (1904). Small tree S. microphylla (Wallich ex J. D. Hooker) Wenzig, Linnaea. 38: Pyrus microphylla Wallich ex J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: Tsema shing, Sanu pasi. Shrub or small tree. Common S. rhamnoides (Decaisne) Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: Micromeles rhamnoides Decaisne, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: Tree S. rufopilosa C.K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. Boisser, Ser. 2.6: Shrub or small tree S. thomsonii (King ex J. D. Hooker) Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: Pyrus thomsonii King ex J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Aria thomsonii (King ex J. D. Hooker) H. Ohashi & H. Iketani. Pasi. Tree S. vestita (Wall. ex G. Don) Lodd., Cat. Plants ed. 16 : 66 (1836)(Unresolved). Pyrus vestita Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: Aria vestita (Wall. ex G. Don) M. Roem. Fam. Nat. Syn. Mongr. 3 (Rosifl.): Himalayan whitebeam. Tree S. wallichii (Hook. f.) T. T. Yu; Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 36: 329 (Dec. 1974). H. Ohashi in Fl. E. Him. 3: 53 (1975). H. Hara & H. Ohashi in H. Hara & 178 Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: 148 (1979). Pyrus wallichii. Wallich's Rowan. Tree Spiraea L S. bella Sims, Bot. Mag. 50: t [Two species confounded under the following description, not distinguished by any botanist]. Lady of the Meadow, Meadow Wort, Nepal Spiraea. Shrub S. canescens D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Grey Stem Spiraea. Shrub S. cantoniensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: Reeves' spirea, Double bridal wreath spirea, Double Reeves. Shrub S. darjeelingensis Panigrahi & Purohit 83, f (Unresolved). Shrub S. micrantha Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 2: (Unresolved). Spiraea japonica subsp. micrantha (Hook. f.) Kitam., Acta Phyt. Geobot. 26: ; Spiraea japonica var. himalaica Kitam., Acta Phyt. Geobot. 15: Khangtsalu. Shrub. Endemic. Rare RUBIACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Coffee or Madder Family). Genus: 32; Species: Argostemma Wallich A. sarmentosum Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; DC., l.c.; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: Variable-leaf Argostemma. AH A. verticillatum Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: Herb Benkara Adanson B. fasciculata (Roxb.) Ridsdale. Reinwardtia 12: Fagerlindia fasciculata (Roxb.) Tirveng. Nord. J. Bot. 3: ; Gardenia fasciculata (Roxb.) Spreng.; Oxyceros fasciculatus (Roxb.) T. Yamaz.; Posoqueria fasciculata Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Randia fasciculata (Roxb.) DC., Prod. Syst. Nat. Veg. 4: 386. (1830); Solena fasciculata (Roxb.) D. Dietr.; Webera fasciculata (Roxb.) Kurz. Maidalu sanu, Choota Maidalu, Bosanti. Shrub Carapichea Aubl C. ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson, Kew Bull. 57: Callicocca ipecacuanha Brot. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 6: ; Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) A. Rich., Psychotria ipecacuanha Stokes. Ipecac, Ipecacuanha. Shrub. Planted Catunaregam Wolf C. spinosa (Thunb.) Tirvengadum in Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat. ser Bot. 35: Gardenia spinosa Thunberg, Gardenia, ; G. dumetorum Retzius; Randia dumetorum (Retzius) Lamarck; R. spinosa (Thunberg) Poiret; Xeromphis retzii Rafinesque; X. spinosa (Thunberg) Keay. Catunaregam longispina (L.f.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. 2: Maidal, Mountain Pomegranate, Spiny Randia, False guava, Thorny Bone-apple, Common emetic nut. Shrub. Common. Chassalia curviflora (Wallich) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl Curved flower woody chassalia, Long-Leaved Chassalia. Subshrub.

86 112.5 Cinchona L C. calisaya Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. III, 10: Tree or shrub. Planted C. pubescens Vahl Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 1: Cinchona succirubra Pavon ex Klotz. Tree. Planted Coffea L C. benghalensis B.Heyne ex Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: Psilanthus benghalensis (Roxb. ex Schult.) J.-F.Leroy, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 3: Coffea bengalensis Roxb. ex Schult. in J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes, Syst. Veg. 5: ; Coffea bengalensis Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; ed. 2, 1: ; Coffea floreifoliosa A. Chev.; Coffea semiexserta Colebr. ex Roxb.; Psilanthus bababudanii Sivar., Biju & P. Mathew. Paracoffea. Akub, Baishakhi, Jangali kafi, Kathjahi. Shrub Dentella J.R.Forst. & G.Forst D. repens (L.) J.R. Forst & G. Frost, Char. Gen. 26, t Herb. Oldenlandia repens Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 126; Mant. Pl. 1: ; Dentella matsudae Hayata; D. repens var. grandis Pierre ex Pitard. Bhumipat. Herb Galium L G. asperifolium Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: ; G. asperifolium var. sikkimense Wall.; Oesterr. B. Zeits. 89: ; Galium parviflorum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep Chitu. PH G. elegans Wall. ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: forma vestitum (D. Don) H. Hara, in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: var. glabriusculum Requien ex DC., Prodr. 4: Lahare kuro. Herb. Common G. hirtiflorum Req. ex DC., Prodr. 4: Lahare-geti. PH. Abundant G. mollugo L., Sp. Pl.: ; Das et al Galium erectum Huds; Rubia mollugo (L.) Baill. False baby's breath. Smooth bedstraw, gaillet mollugine, white bedstraw. PH Gardenia J.Ellis G. latifolia Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: Indian Boxwood. Small tree Haldina Ridsdale H. cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale, Blumea 24: Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.; A. cordifolia (Willd. ex Roxb.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Brandis, For. Fl. 263, t ; Nauclea cordifolia Roxb. Yellow Teak, Saffron teak; Kali Kadam or Haldu; Karma, Kiram, Karan. Tree Hedyotis L H. scandens Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: Oldenlandia scandens (Roxb.) Kuntze. Bakhri lahara, Kalhenyok. SC. Common Hymenodictyon N. Wallich H. flaccidum Wall., in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 152 (1824). Zaru-kung. Epiphytic shrub H. orixense (Roxb.) Mabb. Taxon 31: Cinchona excelsa Roxb., Bot. Descr. Swietenia, ; Cinchona orixensis Roxb.; Hymenodictyon 179 excelsum (Roxb.) Wall; Hymenodictyon excelsum (Roxb.) DC. Lalikaram. Tree. Less common Hyptianthera Wight & Arn H. stricta (Roxburgh ex Schult.) Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: Macrocnemum strictum Roxb. ex Schult. Shrub or small tree. Rare Ixora L I. athroantha Bremek. Indian Forester 85: Ixora acuminata. Chiwaripat. Shrub or small tree. Endemic I. barbata Roxb. ex Sm. Cycl. 19: Bearded Ixora. Shrub I. coccinea L., Sp. Pl Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: ; Wight & Aim, Prodr ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit Ind. 3: Ixora bandhuca Roxb.; Ixora grandiflora Ker; Ixora incarnata DC.; Pavetta bandhuca (Roxb.) Miq. Jungle geranium, flame of the woods, jungle flame. Shrub I. undulata Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: DC., Prodr. 4: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: Paluka-Jooi. Shrub Knoxia L K. sumatrensis (Retz.) DC., Prodr 4: Spermacoce sumatrensis; Knoxia corymbosa Willd.; Sp. Pl. 1: 582 (1797); Cuncea trifida Buch.- Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 135 (1825); Spermacoce exserta Roxb.; Fl. Ind. 1: 374 (1820); ed. 2, 1: 368 (1832); Spermacoce teres Roxb.; Fl. Ind. 1: 373 (1820); ed. 2, 1: 367 (1832). Goli. PH Luculia Sweet L. grandifolia Ghose, J. Bengal Nat. Hist. Soc. 25: White or Bhutan Luculia. Shrub L. gratissima (Wall.) Sweet, Br. Fl. 2: t Ban kangiyo, Doware phool, Sumbrangrip. Shrub. Common L. pinceana Hooker in Curtis, Bot. Mag. 71: t Shrub or tree. Rare Meyna Roxb. ex Link M. spinosa Roxb. ex Link. Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(3): Pyrostria spinosa (Roxb. ex Link) Miq.; Vangueria spinosa (Roxb. ex Link) Roxb., Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: ; Meyna laxiflora Robyns Moyna. Shrub Morinda L M. angustifolia Roxb., Pl. Coromandel. 3: ; Fl. Ind. 1: Bonamali, Hardi Kath. Shrub or small tree. Endemic. Rare M. citrifolia L., Sp. Pl DC., Prodr. 4: ; Ridley, l.c.; Hook. f., l.c. Indian Mulberry; Hardikath. Shrub or small tree Mussaenda L M. glabra Vahl, Symb. 3: 38 (1794). (Hook.f.) Hutch. ex Gamble (1921). Dwarf mussaenda Shrub M. macrophylla Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: Mussaenda calycina Wall. ex Kurz Dhobini. Shrub M. roxburghii Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 3: Mussaenda corymbosa Wall., Cat. 212, n (1832), p.p. Dhobinikath. Shrub. Common.

87 M. treutleri Stapf; B. Mag. 135: t Dhobini. Shrub. Frequent Mycetia Reinw M. longifolia (Wall.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl Rondeletia longifolia Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: ; Adenosacme longifolia (Wallich) J. D. Hooker; Wendlandia longifolia (Wallich) Candolle. Shrub M. stipulata Kuntze Revis. Gen. PI. 1: US. Endemic Neanotis W. H. Lewis N. calycina (Wall. ex Hook. f.) W. H. Lewis, Ann. Miss. B. G. 53: Anotis calycina Wallich ex J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: AH N. gracilis (Hook. f.) W. H. Lewis, Ann. Miss. B. G. 53: Anotis gracilis Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India 3: Herb. Endemic. Less common N. hirsuta (L.f.) W.H. Lewis, Ann. Miss. B. G. 53: Oldenlandia hirsuta Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl ; Anotis hirsuta (Linnaeus f.) Boerlage; Hedyotis hirsuta (Linnaeus f.) Smith (1811), not Lamarck (1789); H. stipulata R. Br. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit Ind. 3: ; O. japonica Miquel. Measles weed. AH. Less common N. ingrata (Wall. ex Hook. f.) W. H. Lewis, Ann. Miss. B. G. 53: Anotis ingrata Wallich ex J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: PH N. wightiana (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) W.H. Lewis, Ann. Miss. B. G. 53: Hedyotis wightiana Wallich ex Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: ; Anotis wightiana (Wallich ex Wight & Arnott) J. D. Hooker. PH Neohymenopogon Bennet N. parasiticus (Wall.) Bennet. Indian Forester 107: Hymenopogon parasiticus Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 157 (1824). Mussaenda cuneifolia D. Don, ; Prodr. Fl. Nep Lekh biri. Small shrub Neolamarckia Bosser N. cadamba (Roxburgh) Bosser, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia. 6: Nauclea cadamba Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: ; Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxburgh) Miquel; A. chinensis (Lam.) A. Rich. ex Walp., Repert. 2: ; A. indicus A. Richard; A. indicus var. glabrescens H. L. Li; Sarcocephalus cadamba (Roxburgh) Kurz. Kadam, Karam. Tree. Sparse Oldenlandia L O. corymbosa L. Sp. Pl Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk.; Oldenlandia biflora L. Sp. Pl Diamond Flower, corymbose hedyotis, flat-top mille graines, old world diamond-flower, wild chayroot; Bakhri lahara, Gandha Bhaduli, Khet Papra. AH O. lineata (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: Hedyotis lineata Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: Herb O. monocephala Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: Hedyotis brunonis Merr.; H. monocephala R.Br. ex Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 3: PH O. verticillata L., Mant. Pl. 1: Hedyotis verticillata (L.) Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl. 1: ; H. hispida Retzius; O. hispida ( Retzius) Poiret. Mosquito weed. AH or PH Ophiorrhiza L O. lurida Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India. 3: Herb. Rare O. mungos L., Sp. Pl. 1: Mongoose plant. PH O. nutans C.B. Clarke ex J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 3: AH. Common O. rosea Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India. 3: Herb or subshrub O. rugosa Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: Ophiorrhiza harrisiana Heyne ex G. Don var. rugosa (Wallich) J. D. Hooker; O. prostrata D. Don; O. prostrata var. rugosa (Wallich) Panigrahi & S. K. Kar. AH O. succirubra King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India. 3: AH. Common O. thomsoni Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 3: Herb O. treutleri Hook.f., Fl. Br. Ind. 3: Chire. Herb. Common Paederia L P. cruddasiana Prain in J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 67: Paederia cruddasiana subsp. microcarpa (Kurz) Puff; P. foetida Linnaeus var. microcarpa Kurz. Sewer vine, Onion vine, Pade/Bire Lahara. Climber. Common P. foetida L., Mant. Pl. 1: Paederia tomentosa Blume. 1826; P. scandens (Lour.) Merr., Contr. Arn. Arb. 8: Gandhabadhul, Pate birei. Herb. Common Pavetta L P. indica L., Sp. Pl. 1: Ixora pavetta Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: ; ed. 2, 1: White pavetta, Juhi, Padera, Paldu, Sundok, Kangiyo phool, Taklee. Shrub P. polyantha (Hook.f.) Wall. ex Bremekamp, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 37: Pavetta indica Linnaeus var. polyantha J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: Shrub P. tomentosa Roxburgh ex Smith in Rees, Cycl. 26: Pavetta no Ixora tomentosa (Roxburgh ex Smith) Roxburgh; I. tomentosa var. roxburghii Kurz; Pavetta indica Linnaeus var. tomentosa (Roxburgh ex Smith) J. D. Hooker; P. tomentosa var. roxburghii (Kurz) Bremekamp. Shrub or small tree Pitardella sikkimensis (Hook.f.) Tirveng., Biogeographica (The Hague) 79: Gardenia sikkimensis (Hook.f.) Valeton; Randia sikkimensis Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: Shrub P. calocarpa Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 41: Subshrub P. erratica Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 3: Shrub P. symplocifolia Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma. 2: Shrub or small tree Rubia L. 180

88 R. charifolia Wallich ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 3: Climber R. cordifolia L., Syst. Nat ed : ; DC., l.c.; Hook. L, l.c.; Cooke, l.c. Rubia cordifolia var. munjista (Roxb.) Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3: ; Das et al Rubia cordifolio var. cordifolia forma strigosa Deb & Malick in J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 63 (3): Rubia manjith Roxb., Fleming Asiat. Res. 11: Rubia mitis Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3: Rubia mungith Roxb. Ex Desv. in J. de B. Desv. 1814(2): Rubia munjista Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: DC., Prodr. 4: Rubia scandens Tol. et Mor. In Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: Indian Madder; Majeto. PH R. manjith Roxb. ex Fleming, As. Research. 11: Das et al Rubia munjista Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: R. cordifolia Linnaeus var. khasiana Watt; R. cordifolia var. munjista (Roxburgh) Miquel; R. mungith Roxb. ex Desv., J. de B. Desv. 1814(2): 207 (1814). Indian Madder; Magitho. PH. Sparse R. sikkimensis Kutz. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43(2): ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3 : ; C.E.C. Fischer in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 12 (2) : Bhale Majito. PC. Sparse R. wallichiana Decne., Recher. Garance Rubia asperrima Jacq. PH. Common Spermacoce L S. alata Hist. Pl. Guiane Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC., Prodr. 4: Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guiane. 1: ; B. latifolia (Aublet) K. Schumann; Spermacoce latifolia Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guiane Paundhi. PH. Abundant S. articularis L.f. Suppl. Pl Borreria articularis (L.f.) F.N.Williams, Bull. Herb. Boissier 2, 5: Spermacoce scabra, Borreria articularis (L.f.) F.N.Williams, Spermacoce flexuosa. Shaggy buttonweed, Jointed Buttonweed, False buttonweed. AH S. ocymoides Burm. f., Fl. Indica Borreria ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC., Prod. 4: Purple Leaved Button Weed. AH. Abundant Spermadictyon Roxb S. suaveolens Roxb., Pl. Corom. 3: 32, t Hamiltonia suaveolens (Roxburgh) Roxburgh. Forest Champa; Ben champa. Shrub Uncaria Schreber U. scandens (Smith) Hutchinson in Sarg. Pl. Wilson 3: Nauclea scandens Smith in Rees, Cycl. 24: Nauclea no ; Cephalanthus cavaleriei H. Léveillé; Uncaria wangii F. C. How. Large liana U. sessilifructus Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2(1): Nauclea sessilifructus (Roxburgh) D. Dietrich. SC. Less common Wendlandia Bartl. ex DC W. coriacea (Wall.) DC., Prodr. 4: Rondeletia budda Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don.; Rondeletia byrsophylla Spreng.; Rondeletia coriacea Wall. Tree. Endemic. Less common W. heynei (Schult.) Santapau & Merchant, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: Wendlandia exserta (Roxb.) DC.; Prodr. 4: 411 (1830); Rondeletia cinerea Wall., ; in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 141 (1824); R. exserta Roxb.; R. heynei Schult; Wendlandia cinerea (Wall.) DC., Prodr. 4: 412 (1830). Tilki, Kadam. Shrub or small tree W. sikkimensis Cowan, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: Small tree W. tinctoria (Roxb.) DC., Prodr. 4: 411 (1830) var. grandis Hook. f.; Wendlandia tinctoria var. normalis Hook. f.; Fl. Br. Ind. 3: 38 (1880). Rondeletia tinctoria Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: Kangi, Singnok, Tulalodh. Shrub or small tree W. wallichii Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient Shrub RUTACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Rue or Citrus Family). Genus: 16; Species: Acronychia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst A. pedunculata (L.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv Jambolifera pedunculata L.; Cyminosma pedunculata (Linnaeus) Candolle; A. laurifolia Blume, Catalogus (Gamble s list). Puanle, Paowlay. Shrub or small tree Aegle Corrêa A. marmelos (L.) Corrêa in Trans. Linn. Soc. 5: Crataeva marmelos Linn., Sp. Pl Bael, Belapatra. Tree. Planted Boenninghausenia Rchb B. albiflora (Hook.) Reichb. ex Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. l.c Ruta albiflora Hook., Exot. Fl. t ; Ruta japonica Sieb. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: Dampate, Ankuree. PH. Rare Citrus L C. medica L., Sp. Pl. 2: 782 (1753). Aurantium medicum (Linnaeus) M. Gómez. Citron, Patilebu Bimiro. Shrub. Less common C. reticulata Blanco, Fl. Filip Mandarin orange; Santara. Small tree Clausena Burm.f C. anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth. Niger Fl Amyris dentata Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: Clausena dentata (Willd.) M. Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: C. willdenovii Wight & Arn., Prodr ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: Madanay, Terhilnyok, Sidemnyok. Shrub or small tree C. excavata Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 87, t. 29, f ; Gamble Amyris punctata Roxburgh; Clausena excavata var. lunulata (Hayata) Tanaka; C. forbesii Engler; C. lunulata Hayata; C. moningerae Merrill; C. punctata (Roxburgh) Wight & Arnott; C. tetramera Hayata; Lawsonia falcata Loureiro. Asanyam. US or small tree C. pentaphylla DC., Prodr. 1: (Unresolved). Cookia pentaphylla Wight & Arn. ex M.Roem.; Gallesioa pentaphylla M. Roem. Large shrub Euodia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., 1775

89 E. fraxinifolia (D. Don) Hook. f.; Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 490 (1875). Kanukpa. Tree E. meliifolia (Hance ex Walp.) Benth., Fl. Hongk (Not recorded in Kew list). Megabotrya meliifolia Hance ex Walp.; Ampacus meliifolia (Hance ex Walp.) Kuntze Evodia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., E. fraxinifolia (Hook.) Benth. Fl. Hongk (Unresolved). Tree Glycosmis Corrêa G. pentaphylla (Retz.) DC., Prodr. 1: ; Gamble Limonia pentaphylla Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: Arsaora. Shrub or small tree Melicope J.R.Forst. & G.Forst M. lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.) T.G. Hartley, Sandakania 4: Euodia lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.) Merr. Philipp. J. Sci. 7(6): Evodia roxburghii Benth; Fagara lunuankenda Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 334, t. 68. f ; Zanthoxylum roxburghianum Cham. Meliccope. Small tree. Sporadic Micromelum Blume M. integerrimum (Buch.-Ham.) Wight & Arn. ex M. Roem., Fam. Nat. Reg. Veg. 1: Tree M. pubescens Bl., Bijdr ; Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). Micromelum minutum; M. integerrimum. Lasmani, Kumbrong-kúng. Small tree Murraya J.Koenig ex L M. koenigii (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: ; Gamble 1878; Hook. f., l.c Bergera koenigii L., Mant. Pl ; Chalcas koenigii (L.) Kurz, J. As. S. Beng. 44(2): Asare, Mitho neem, Mechiya saag, Kamini. Shrub or small tree. Not common M. paniculata (L.) Jack, Malayan Misc. 1(5): M. exotica L., Mant. Pl. 2: (Gamble s list). Chalcas paniculata Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 1: ; Murraya omphalocarpa Hayata; M. paniculata var. omphalocarpa (Hayata) Tanaka. Simali, Shitzem-kúng. Large shrub Paramignya Wight P. monophylla Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 1: 109, t ; Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). Micromelum monophyllum Wight, Ill. Ind. B. 1: t , pro syn. Climbing Atalantia; Natkanta, Jhunok-kúng. SC. Less common Skimmia Thunb S. arborescens T. Anderson ex Gamble, J. Linn. S. B. 43: 491 (1916). Skimmia wallichii Hook. f. & Thomson ex Gamble, ; J. Linn. S. B. 43: 492 (1916); in Kew Bull. 1917: 302 (1917), excl. typo. Asare, Rauna-phula. Shrub or tree S. laureola (DC.) Sieb. & Zucc. ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 5: ; Gamble 1878; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. l.c. 499 (Unresolved). Limonia laureola DC., Prodr. 1: Chumlani, Timbernyok. Large shrub. Common Tetradium Lour T. fraxinifolium (Hook.f.) T. G. Hartley, Gard. Bull. Singapore. 34: Philagonia fraxinifolia Hook., Icon. Pl. t Euodia fraxinifolia (Hook.) Benth. [Fl. Hongk (J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: )]. Khanakpa. Tree. Sparse T. glabrifolium (Champion ex Bentham) T. G. Hartley, Gard. Bull. Singapore. 34: Boymia glabrifolia Champion ex Bentham, Hooker s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: ; Euodia glabrifolia (Champion ex Bentham). Thulo khanakpa. Tree. Common T. trichotoma Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 1: Ampacus trichotoma (Loureiro) Kuntze; Brucea trichotoma (Loureiro) Sprengel; Euodia trichotoma (Lour.) Pierre. Shrub or tree Toddalia Juss T. asiatica (L.) Lam., Tab. Encycl. 2: Toddalia aculeata Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: (Gamble s list). Wild orange, Meinkara, Saphijirik. SC. Less common Zanthoxylum L Z. acanthopodium DC., Prodr. 1: ; Gamble Japanese pepper; Bogay Timur, Bhale Timbur. Shrub. Rare Z. armatum DC., Prodr. 1: Z. alatum Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed : (Gamble s list). Bamboo-leaf Prickly-ash, Nepalese pepper, Toothache tree, Winged prickly ash, Wingleaf prickly ash; Timur, Bhlay timur, Parpare timur; Sungrú-kúng. Shrub. Rare Z. budrunga Wall., Numer. List (Unresolved). Z. limonella (Dennst.) Alston.; Z. rhetsa DC.; Fagara budrunga Roxb.; F. rhetsa Roxb. Timbur. Tree Z. limonella (Dennst.) Alston, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): (Unresolved). Tree Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC., Prodr. 1: Z. hamiltonianum Wall. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1(3): (Gamble s list). Lemonscented prickly ash, Shining Prickly-ash; Purpure Timur. SC Z. ovalifolium Tutcher, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Gamble Little Yellowwood. Small tree or large shrub Z. oxyphyllum Edgew., Tr. Linn. S. 20: ; Gamble Fagara oxyphylla (Edgew.) Engl., Pflfam. 3, 4: Nepal prickly ash. Sil Timur, Siritakdangji, Lahare timbur. SC. Common Z. rhetsa (Roxb.) DC., Prodr. 1: Zanthoxylum budrunga (Roxb.) DC Indian Prickly Ash. Chirphal, Teppal, Tirphal, Indian Pepper. Tree SABIACEAE Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: , nom. Cons. Genus: 2; Species: Meliosma Blume M. arnottiana (Wight) Walp, Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: Meliosma wallichii Planch. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2(4): ; Millingtonia

90 arnottiana Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 1: 144, pl Dabdabbi, Himan, Nunewalai. Tree M. dilleniifilia (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Walp., Repert. 1: ; Gamble Millingtonia dilleniifolia Wallich ex Wight & Arnott, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 15: Siamunu. Tree M. pinnata (Roxburgh) Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér : ; Gamble Millingtonia pinnata Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 1: Meliosma wallichii Planch. ex Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 2: (Gamble s list). Nunewala, Himankúng, Bolay. Tree M. simplicifolia (Roxb.) Walp., Repert. 1: ; Gamble Dalchewri, Hingmankúng, Kosrú, Patpate. Small tree Sabia Colebr S. campanulata Wall. ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: Hook. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: ; Brandis, For. Fl ; Hook.., l.c. S. leptandra Hook. f. et Thoms., Fl. Ind. 1: (Gamble s list). Simali-lara, Payong-rik. Shrub. Less common S. limoniacea Wall. ex Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: ; Gamble Androglossum reticulatum Champion ex Bentham; Sabia limoniacea var. ardisioides L. Chen; S. malabarica Bedd., lc. 39, t ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: SC S. paniculata Edgew. ex Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: ; Gamble Kalilahara. SC S. parviflora Wall. ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Gamble Celastrus discolor H. Léveillé; C. esquirolii H. Léveillé; Changiodendron guangxiense R. H. Miao; Sabia harmandiana Pierre; S. parviflora var. harmandiana (Pierre) Lecomte; S. parviflora var. nitidissima H. Léveillé; S. polyantha Handel-Mazzetti. Simali-lara, Payong-rik. Shrub. Common S. purpurea Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind. 1: ; ssp. dumicola (W. W. Smith) Water, Blumea. 26: Sabia dumicola W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: ; S. acuminata L. Chen; S. parvifolia L. Chen. Shrub or climber S. yunnanensis C. H. Wright, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1896: Sabia leptandra Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: 209 (1855). Simalilahara; Payong-rik. SC SALICACEAE Mirb., Elém. Physiol. Vég. Bot. 2: Jun 1815, nom. cons. (the Willow family). Genus: 4; Species: Casearia Jacq C. glomerata Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: Casearia glomerata f. pubinervis How & Ko; C. merrillii Hayata. Barkaunle/Barkhaunti, Telingkúng. Tree or Shrub. Common C. graveolens Dalzell in Hooker, J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: ; Balakr. in Sharma & Balakr., Fl. Ind. 2: Casearia graveolens var. lintsangensis S.Y. Bao. Barkaunle, Barkula. Shrub or small tree C. kurzii C.B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 2: Small tree. Sporadic C. vareca Roxb. Hort. Bengal. 33; Fl. Ind Guidonia vareca (Roxb.) Baill. ex Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 46(2): Chaudhuri Shrub. Common Homalium Jacq H. ceylanicum (Gardner) Benth., J. Linn. S. B. 4: [zeylanicum]. Blackwellia ceylanica Gardner, Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 7: Ceylon Homalium. Tree H. napaulense (DC.) Benth., J. Proc. Soc., Bot. 4: , 'nepalense'; Wall. ex C. B. Clarke in Fl. Br. Ind. 2: Blackwellia napaulense DC. Prodr. 2: ; Blackwellia nepalensis Wall. Kuphre. Tree H. zeylanicum Benth., J. Linn.. Soc. Bot. 4: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: Tree Populus L P. ciliata Wall. ex Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 346 t. 84a f ; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Himalayan Poplar; Bangikath, Kashing. Tree P. gamblei Dode, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 1905 (Unresolved). Sungrikong' 'Pipalpati' or 'pilpile'. Tree P. glauca Haines, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37(262): Himalayan Poplar; Sinka, Pipalpatay, Duday malata. Tree Salix L S. babylonica L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Brandis, Ill. Forest Fl. t ; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 629, Weeping Willow; Bains, Banish. Tree S. daltoniana Andersson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4: Bhera kapasi. Shrub or small tree S. salwinensis Hand.-Mazz. ex Enander, ; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat. 63: Salix salwinensis var. radinostachya Handel-Mazzetti. Weeping willow. Shrub S. tetrasperma Roxb., Pl. Corom. 1: 66 t ; Andersson in Kung. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1850: ; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Pleiarina tetrasperma (Roxburgh) N. Chao & G. T. Gong. Indian willow. Tree. Rare SANTALACEAE R. Br., Prodr.: Mar 1810, nom. cons. (Sandalwood family). Genus: 2; Species: Dendrotrophe Miquel D. granulata (Hook.f. & Thomson ex A. DC.) A.N. Henry & B. Roy, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10: Henslowia granulata J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex A. Candolle in Candolle, Prodr. 14(2): ; Dufrenoya granulata (J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex A. Candolle) Stauffer; H. granulata var. sikkimensis A. Candolle; Hylomyza granulata (Hook. f. & Thomson ex A. DC.) Danser, Nova Guinea n.s., 4: 145 (1940). Epiphytic shrub. 183

91 D. platyphylla (Spreng.) N.H. Xia & M.G. Gilbert in Fl. China 5: Viscum platyphyllum Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 4(2): , V. latifolium Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal , not Lamarck (1789), nor Swartz (1797); Dendrotrophe heterantha (Wallich ex Candolle) A. N. Henry & B. Roy; Dufrenoya platyphylla (Sprengel) Stauffer, Vierteljahrsschr. Nat. Ges. Zurich 114: ; Henslowia heterantha (Wallich ex Candolle) J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex A. Candolle in DC., Prodr. 14: (Gamble s list); Hylomyza platyphylla (Spreng.) Danser, Nova Guinea n.s., 4: ; Viscum heteranthum Wallich ex Candolle. Ajiru. Parasitic shrub Pyrularia Michaux P. edulis (Wall. ex Roxb.) A. DC., Prodr. 14: ; Gamble Amphi, Sufhyi-kúng. Tree. Rare. Endangered SAPINDACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Soapberry family). Genus: 8; Species: Acer L A. acuminatum Wall. ex D. Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal Tree A. calcaratum Gagnep. Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: Acer osmastonii Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908, Kapasi. Tree. Rare. Endangered A. campbellii Hook. f. & Thomson ex Hiern in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Br. Ind. 1: A. campbellii var. serratifolia Banerji, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. S. 58: 306, t. 1961; in Candollea 19: ; in Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 19(2): 34, f Maple; Chalum, Daom-kúng, Kapasi, Kilok, Yali, Yarla, Yatli-kúng. Tree. Rare Acer cappadocicum Gled. Schriften Berlin. Ges. Naturf. Freunde 6: Tree A. caudatum Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: , p.p.; 28, t , p.p. Hiern in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Gamble Acer acuminatum Wall. ex D. Don, Prodromus Florae Nepalensis ; Acer caudatum var. erosum (Pax) Rehder; Acer papilio King, J. As. S. Beng. 65(2): ; in Ann. B. G. Calc. 9: 17, t Kapasi, Yalishin. Tree. Rare A. laevigatum Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: 3, t ; Gamble Putli, Thalikabashi; Tungnyok-kúng. Tree A. oblongum Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 1: ; Hiern in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: ; Gamble 1878; Brandis, For. Fl., reprint ed Acer discolor Maxim, Bulletin de l'academie Imperiale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg 26: ; A. nepalense Dippel, Handbuch der Laubholzkunde 2: ; A. oblongifolium Dippel Handbuch der Laubholzkunde 2: Himalayan or Evergreen Maple; Chhibla Shi, Phirphire; Putali phul. Tree A. osmastoni Gamble. Kapasi. Tree. Endangered A. palmatum Thunb. in Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sc. Upsal. 4: ; in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed Acer polymorphum var. palmatum (Thunb.) K. Koch. Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4: Japanese maple or Smooth Japanese Maple. Tree A. pectinatum Wall. ex G. Nicholson, Gard. Chron., n.s. 15: nom. illeg. and nom. superfl. (A. acuminatum Wall. ex D. Don 1825); Wall. ex Pax, B. Jahrb. 7: ; in Engl., Pflreich (Ht. 8): 67, f Acer forrestii Diels f. caudatilobum Rehder; A. pectinatum var. caudatilobum (Rehder) A. E. Murray. Lekh Kapasi, Thusi pangree, Yatli-kúng. Tree. Endemic. Rare A. sikkimense Miq., Arch. Neerl. Sci. Nat. 2: ; Gamble Acer hookeri Miq., Arch. Neerl. Sci. Nat. 2: ; A. sikkimense ssp. hookeri (Miquel) Wesmael. Hooker maple; Lal Kabashi, Palé-kúng, Kapasi Lahara, Palegnnyok. Tree. Less common. Endangered A. stachyophyllum Hiern in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Br. Ind. 1: A. tetramerum Pax Hooker's Icon. Pl. 19: t Birch-leaf Maple. Tree. Rare A. sterculiaceum Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: 3, t Acer villosum Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2: ; Acer sterculiaceum var. tomentosum E. Murray, Kalmia 6: Franchet's maple, Himalayan maple. Tree. Rare A. sterculiaceum ssp. thomsonii (Miq.) A.E. Murray, Kalmia 1: ; Acer thomsonii Miq., Arch. Neerl. Sci. Nat. 2: ; Gamble Acer sterculiaceum ssp. thomsonii (Miq.) Murray, Kalmia 1: ; Acer villosum var. thomsonii (Miq.) Hiern, Fl. Br. Ind. 1: Melo Kapasi. Tree. Common Aesculus L A. assamica Griffith, Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: Aesculus chuniana Hu & W. P. Fang; A. lantsangensis Hu & W. P. Fang; A. megaphylla Hu & W. P. Fang; A. polyneura Hu & W. P. Fang; A. polyneura var. dongchuanensis X. W. Li & W. Y. Yin; A. punduana Wall., Numer. List num num (Gamble s list); A. rupicola Hu & W. P. Fang. Horse chestnut; Cherinangri, Pangre, Satpati. Tree A. indica (Wall. ex Cambess.) Hook., B. Mag. 85: t (1859). Pavia indica Wall. ex Cambess, Voy. Inde 4(Bot.): 31, pl Horse Chest-nut, Karu, Gghode paangro. Tree Allophylus L A. chartaceous (Kurz) Radlkofer in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(5): Schmidelia chartacea Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43: ; Allophylus zeylanicus Linnaeus var. grandifolius Hiern. Small shrub A. zeylanicus (L.), Sp. Pl. 1: ; var. glandiflora Hiern in Hook, f., Fl. Br. India 1: ; Gamble Kautiernyok Dodonaea Mill D. viscosa (L.) Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl ; Gamble Dodonaea burmanniana D C., Prodr. 1: Dodonaea dioica Roxb., Hort.

92 Beng Fl. Ind Ptelea viscosa L. Sp. Pl. 1: Hopbush. Shrub Lepisanthes Blume L. rubiginosa (Roxburgh) Leenhouts, Blumea. 17: Sapindus rubiginosus Roxburgh, Pl. Coromandel 1: ["rubiginosa"]; Erioglossum rubiginosum (Roxburgh) Blume. Shrub or small tree. Common L. senegalensis (Poir.) Leenh. Blumea 17: Sapindus senegalensis Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. 6: ; Aphania rubra Radlk. Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 8: ; S. ruber (Roxburgh) Kurz; Scytalia rubra Roxburgh ["rubia"]. Achatta, Kaphul. Tree or shrub Litchi Sonn L. chinensis Sonn. Voy. Ind. Orient. 3: Dimocarpus lichi Loureiro; Nephelium litchi Cambess. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 18: Lychee Nut or Litchi. Tree Sapindus L S. attenuatus Wall., Numer. List (Gamble s list)[unresolved]. Euphoria attenuata Planch. ex Hiern., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; Lepisanthes senegalensis (Poir.) Leenh., Blumea 7: Achatta; Sirhootungchir. Shrub. Common S. detergens Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 2: (Unresolved). Tree S. mukorossii Gaertn., Fruct. 1:342 t Hiern in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: ; Brandis, l.c Sapindus detergens Roxb., Hort. Beng Fl. Ind ; Kanjilal, For. Fl. Siw. Jauns. Div Soap nut; Ritha Soap nut tree; Ritha. Tree. Rare Schleichera Lour S. oleosa (Lour.) Merr., Interpr. Rumph. Herb. Amboin Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken, Allg. Naturgesch. 3: ; Cussambium oleosum; Pistacia oleosa Lour., Fl. Cochinch ; Schleichera trijuga Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: Ceylon Oak, Lac tree, Kusum. Tree SAPOTACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (Sapodilla family). Genus: 3; Species: Diploknema Pierre D. butyracea (Roxb.) H.J. Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 3, 7: Aesandra butyracea (Roxb.) Baehni, Boissiera 11: ; Bassia butyracea Roxb., Asiat. Res. 8: ; Madhuca butyracea (Roxb.) J.F. Macbr.; Mixandra butyracea (Roxb.) Pierre ex L. Planch.; M. butyracea (Roxb.) Pierre ex Dubard; Vidoricum butyraceum (Roxb.) Kuntze. Indian Butter Tree. Chiwree; Chiuri. Tree. Sporadic Madhuca J.F.Gmel M. longifolia var. latifolia (Roxb.) A. Chev. Rep. Bot. Appl. 23: Bassia latifolia Roxb. Pl. Coromandel 1: ; Illipe latifolia (Roxb.) F. Muell.; Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel.; Madhuca latifolia (Roxb.) J.F. Macbr.; Vidoricum latifolium (Roxb.) 185 Kuntze. Honey tree, Indian Butter Tree, Mauwa, mahuwa. Tree Sarcosperma Hook.f S. arboreum Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2: Sideroxylon arboreum Buch.-Ham. ex C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 3: Kalikath. Tree. Common SAURURACEAE F. Voigt in L.C.M. Richard, Anal Frucht.: 45, , nom. cons. (Lizard s-tail Family); Mukherjee & Debroy Genus: 1; Species: Houttuynia Thunb H. cordata Thunb., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 4: 149, Chameleon Plant, Gandey-jhar. PH. Frequent SAXIFRAGACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (Saxifrage family). Genus: 5; Species: Astilbe Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don A. rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, ; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 211 (1825); Yonzone et al Buriokhati. Herb. Sparse Bergenia Moench B. ciliata (Haw.) Sternb., Rev. Saxifr. Suppl. 2: B. ligulata var. ciliata (Royle) Engl., B. Zeit. 26: Akhanved, Paashanabed, Pakhanbet. Herb. Vulnerable B. pacumbis (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) C.Y. Wu & J.T. Pan, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26: Bergenia ligulata Engl., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 26: ; Wall. Asiat. Res. 13: ; Saxifraga pacumbis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don., Prodr. Fl. Nepal PH Chrysosplenium L C. nepalense D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep Chrysosplenium guebriantianum Handel- Mazzetti; C. nepalense var. yunnanense (Franchet) Franchet; C. sulcatum Maximowicz; C. yunnanense Franchet. PH C. singalilense Hara. Journ. Jap. Bot. 36: 77 (1961). PH. Endemic Saxifraga L S. aristulata J. D. Hooker & Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: PH S. brachypoda D. Don, ; Tr. Linn. S. 13: 378 (1821); Prodr. Fl. Nep. 209 (1825). Saxifraga brachypoda var. fimbriata D. Don; B. Jahrb. 48: 591 (1912). Saxifraga glandulosa Wall. ex DC.; Prodr. 4: 45 (1830). Saxifraga wallichiana Sternb.; Rev. Saxifr. Suppl. 2: 21, t. 22 (1831). PH S. diversifolia Wallich ex Seringe in de Candolle, Prodr. 4: Saxifraga diversifolia f. angustibracteata Engler & Irmscher, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: PH S. hispidula D. Don, ; Tr. Linn. S. 13: 380 (1821); Prodr. Fl. Nep. 210 (1825). Hirculus hispidulus (D. Don) Losinskaja; Saxifraga evolvuloides Wall. ex DC., ; Prodr. 4: 46 (1830). PH S. mucronulata Royle; Ill. B. Him. 227 (1835) ssp. sikkimensis Royle; in H. Hara & Williams,

93 Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: 153 (1979). Saxifraga flagellaris subsp. mucronulata (Royle) Engl. & Irmsch.; in Engl., Pflreich IV-117 (Ht. 67): 163 (1916). Saxifraga flagellaris var. mucronulata (Royle) C. B. Clarke; Fl. Br. Ind. 2: 397 (1878). Saxifraga spinulosa Royle, ; Ill. B. Him. t. 50, f. 2 (1835); non DC. (1830). PH S. stolonifera Curtis, Philos. Trans. 64(1): 308, no Diptera sarmentosa (Linnaeus f.) Losinskaja; Ligularia sarmentosa (Linnaeus f.) Haworth; Rupifraga sarmentosa (Linnaeus f.) Rafinesque; Saxifraga sarmentosa Schreber. PH Tiarella L T. polyphylla D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal PH SCHISANDRACEAE Blume, Fl. Javae 32 33: Jun 1830, nom. cons. (Star-vine family). Genus: 2; Species: Kadsura Kaempf. ex Juss K. heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib., Fl. Siam. Enum. 1: Uvaria heteroclita Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 2: ; Kadsura championii C. B. Clarke; K. interior A. C. Smith; K. polysperma Y. C. Yang; K. roxburghiana Arnott; K. wattii C. B. Clarke; K. wightiana Arnott. Climber. Rare Schisandra Michx S. elongata (Blume) Baill., Hist. Pl. 1: Sphaerostema elongatum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 23 (1825), as Sphaerostemma. Mandani, Flotoshingrik, Singhatta lahara. Climber. Not common S. grandiflora (Wall.) Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Br. Ind. 1: , as Schizandra. Kadsura grandiflora Wall., Tent. Fl. Napal. 10 (1824); Sphaerostema grandiflorum (Wall.) Blume, Fl. Jav., Schizandr. 14 in textu Singhata lahara; Taksielrik. Large climber. Common S. neglecta A.C. Sm., Sargentia 7: 127, f. 17g (1947). SC. Less common S. propinqua (Wall.) Baill., ; Hist. Pl. 1: 148, f. 183, 184 (1868). Kadsura propinqua Wall., Tent. Fl. Napal. 11 (1824); Sphaerostema propinqua (Wall.) Blume, Fl. Javae [Schizandreae] 15 (1830), as S. propinquo. SC. Less common SCROPHULARIACEAE Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: ; Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Snapdragon, Mullein and Figwort family). Genus: 21;Species: Alectra Thunberg A. arvensis (Bentham) Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. Bot. 12: Glossostylis arvensis Bentham, Scroph. Ind RP. Less common Antirrhinum L A. majus L., Sp. Pl. 2: Snap Dragon, Dog flower; Baghmukhe phool. Herb Bacopa Aubl B. monnieri (L.) Wettst., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): Herpestis monnieria (L.) H. B. & K.; Lysimachia monnieri L. Cent. Pl. 2: Brahmi. Herb Buddleja L B. asiatica Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: Buddleja acuminatissima Blume; B. arfakensis Kanehira & Hatusima; B. amentacea Kraenzlin; B. asiatica var. brevicuspe Koorders; B. asiatica var. densiflora (Blume) Koorders & Valeton; B. asiatica var. salicina (Lamarck) Koorders & Valeton; B. asiatica var. sundaica (Blume) Koorders & Valeton; B. densiflora Blume; B. neemda Buchanan-Hamilton ex Roxburgh; B. neemda var. philippensis Chamisso & Schlechtendal; B. salicina Lamarck; B. serrulata Roth; B. subserrata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don; B. sundaica Blume; B. virgata Blanco; Vitex esquirolii H. Léveillé. Bhinsenpatee. Climber. Sparse B. colvilei Hook. f. Ill. Himal. Pl. t ; Moktan & Das Buddleja sessilifolia B.S.Sun ex S.Y.Bao. East Himalayan Butterfly Bush. Large shrub. Endemic B. crispa Benth., Scroph. Ind Himalayan Butterfly Bush. Shrub B. davidii Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér : Buddleja davidii var. alba Rehder & E. H. Wilson; B. davidii var. glabrescens Gagnepain; B. davidii var. magnifica (E. H. Wilson) Rehder & E. H. Wilson; B. davidii var. nanhoensis (Chittenden) Rehder; B. davidii var. superba (Veitch) Rehder & E. H. Wilson; B. davidii var. veitchiana (Veitch) Rehder & Bailey; B. davidii var. wilsonii (E. H. Wilson) Rehder & E. H. Wilson; B. shaanxiensis Z. Y. Zhang; B. shimidzuana Nakai; B. striata Z. Y. Zhang; B. striata var. zhouquensis Z. Y. Zhang; B. variabilis Hemsley; B. variabilis var. magnifica E. H. Wilson; B. variabilis var. nanhoensis Chittenden; B. variabilis var. prostrata C. K. Schneider; B. variabilis var. superba Veitch; B. variabilis var. veitchiana Veitch; B. variabilis var. wilsonii E. H. Wilson. Summer lilac, butterfly-bush, orange eye, Slipper flower. Shrub B. paniculata Wall. in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 1: Buddleja acutifolia C. H. Wright; B. gynandra C. Marquand; B. lavandulacea Kraenzlin; B. mairei H. Léveillé; B. mairei H. Léveillé f. albiflora H. Léveillé. Panicled Butterfly Bush. Shrub or small tree Calceolaria L C. mexicana Benth, Pl. Hartw Herb C. triparitata Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. 1: Calceolaria gracilis Kunth; in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 339 (1818); Das et al Slipper Flower, Slipperwort, Gold Purse. AH Centrathera R.Br C. cochinchinensis var. nepalensis (D. Don) Merr., 150th Ann. Vol. B. G. Calc. 56 (1942). Centranthera nepalensis D. Don, ; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 88 (1825); Razumovia cochinchinensis (Louriero) Merrill var. nepalensis (D. Don) Merrill. Gumteolee Digitalis L D. purpurea L. Sp. Pl. 2: Digitalis, Foxglove, Jandi phul. PH. Planted.

94 122.8 Erythranthe (L.) G. L. Nesom E. bhutanica (Yamazaki) G.L. Nesom, Phytoneuron : comb. nov. (Not recorded in Kew list). Mimulosma bhutanicus T. Yamaz. J. Jap. Bot. 68: Herb Hemiphragma Wall H. heterophyllum Wall., Tr. Linn. S. 13: 612 (1822). Nash Jhaar. PH. Common Limnophila R.Br L. aromatica (Lamarck) Merrill, Interpr. Herb. Amboin Ambulia aromatica Lamarck, Encycl. 1: AH or PH L. repens (Bentham) Bentham in A. de Candolle, Prodr. 10: Stemodia repens Bentham in Lindley, Bot. Reg. 17: ad t sp Herb L. sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume, Bijdr Hottonia sessiliflora Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: ; Ambulia sessiliflora (Vahl) Baillon ex Wettstein; L. taoyuanensis Yang & Yen. PH Linaria Mill L. odora Fisch. Cat. Jard. Gorenki 2: (Unresolved). Antirrhinum odorum M. Bieb. Woodruff Toadflax. AH Lindenbergia Lehm L. grandiflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Benth., Scroph. Ind. 22 (1835). Stemodia grandiflora Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don. Bhendee phool. SH L. indica (L.) Vatke, ; Oesterr. B. Zeits. 25: 10 (1875)(Unresolved). Haldi-Basanta; Bagh mukhe ghans. AH L. muraria (Roxburgh ex D. Don) Brühl. J. Dept. Sci. Calcutta Univ. 2: Stemodia muraria Roxburgh ex D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal Wall Lindenbergia; Beduwar jhar. AH Lindernia Allioni L. ciliata (Colsmann) Pennell, Brittonia. 2: Gratiola ciliata Colsmann, Prodr. Descr. Gratiol ; Bonnaya brachiata Link & Otto; Gratiola serrata Roxburgh; Ilysanthes serrata (Roxburgh) Urban; Vandellia ciliata (Colsmann) T. Yamazaki. Bhumi-Nim; Karaute jhar. AH L. hookeri Wettst. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): (Unresolved). Lindernia hookeri C.B. Clarke ex Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 4: Herb L. parviflora (Roxb.) Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa 4: 635 (1922). Bonnaya parviflora, Ilysanthes parviflora. Small-Flowered Lindernia. Herb L. pusilla (Willd.) Bold, Zakfl. Java Gratiola pusilla Willd. Vandellia scabra Benth., Scroph. Ind ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: (Unresolved in Kew list). Tiny slitwort. AH L. ruellioides (Colsmann) Pennell, Brittonia. 2: Gratiola ruellioides Colsmann, Prodr. Descr. Gratiol ; Bonnaya reptans (Roxburgh) Sprengel; Gratiola reptans Roxburgh; Ilysanthes ruellioides (Colsmann) Kuntze. AH L. viscosa (Hornem.) Merr., Sp. Blancoan Gratiola viscosa Hornemann, Enum. Pl. Hort. Hafn ; Hornemannia viscosa (Hornemann) Willdenow; Lindernia cruciformis 187 Hayata; L. hirsuta (Benth.) Wettst. Nat. Pflauzen. f. 4: 36. (1891); L. viscose (Hornemann) Boldingh, Zakfl. Java ; Pyxidaria viscosa (Hornem.) Kuntze; Tittmannia viscosa (Hornem.) Rchb.; Vandellia hirsuta Benth.; V. viscosa (Hornemann) Merrill. Philipp. J. Sci. 7: AH Mazus Lour M. pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis, Nova Guin. n.s., 9: 31 (1958). Malati jhar. AH M. surculosus D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 87 (1825), 'surculosa'. Benth., Scroph. Ind. 27 (1835). Mazus harmandii Bonati, ; Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, 8: 533 (1908). Malati Jhar. Herb. Common Mimulus L M. tenellus var. nepalensis (Benth.) Tsoong, Scroph. Ind Mimulus nepalensis var. nepalensis Benth., Scroph. Ind. 29 (1835); M. nepalensis var. procerus Benth.; Ann. Missouri B. G. 11: 207 (1924); Mimulus assamicus Griff.; Linnaea 12: litt. 199 (1836); Not. 4: 99 (1854); Ic. Pl. As. 4: t. 458, f. 8-9 (1854); Mimulus nepalensis forma major H. Winkl.; Fedde, Repert. Beih. 12: ; Mimulus tenellus var. major Bunge; in Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 833 (1936). PH. Abundant Neopicrorhiza D.Y.Hong N. scrophulariiflora (Pennell) D.Y. Hong, Opera Bot. 75: Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pennell, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 5: Herb. Endangered Pedicularis L P. flexuosa Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 308 (1884)-Prain in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcut. 3:143, t. 18 A. B. (1891). PH P. furfuracea Wall. ex Bentham, Scroph. Ind. 54 (1835)-Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 316 (1884)-Prain, l.c. 147, t. 16 (1891)-Tsoong, l.c. 143, t (1963). PH P. gracilis var. macrocarpa (Prain) Husain & Garg comb. nov. P. gracilis Wall. ex Benth.; P. gracilis var. macrocarpa Prain in Ann. Royal Bot. Gard. Calcutta 3: 138. t. 21 A, C P. megalantha D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal AH P. mollis Wall. ex Benth., Scroph. Ind. 53 (1835). AH P. pantlingii Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 58(2): ssp. pantlingii. Pedicularis furfuracea Wallich var. integrifolia J. D. Hooker. PH P. pectinata Wall. ex Benth., Scroph. Ind. 52 (1835). AH or PH P. purpurea Pennell, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 5: PH P. pyramidata Royle ex Benth. Scroph. Ind (Unresolved). Pyramid Lousewort. PH P. roylei Maxim., Bull. Acad. Sci. St.-Pet. 27: 517 (1881). P. roylei ssp. roylei, ssp. megalantha Tsoong, Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 68: 402 (addenda) & 159 (1963). PH P. sikkimensis Bonati Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: (Unresolved). Herb.

95 P. siphonantha D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 95 (1825). Cheelomootee swa. PH Scoparia L S. dulcis L., Sp. Pl. 1: Baghejhaar, Chini jhar, Patal mishree. Herb or suffrutescent subshrub Scrophularia L S. elatior Wall. ex Benth., Scroph. Ind. 18 (1835); in DC., Prodr. 10: Scrophularia petitmenginii Bonati. AH S. urticifolia Wall. ex Benth., Scroph. Ind. 18 (1835), 'urticaefolia ; in DC., Prodr. 10: 306 (1846). Scrophularia forrestii Diels. Mokhi ghans. AH. Less common Torenia L T. asiatica L., Sp. Pl. 2: Torenia glabra Osbeck. AH T. cordifolia Roxburgh, Pl. Coromandel 2: AH T. diffusa D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal (Unresolved). Torenia hirtella Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4: p.p. T. vagans Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: Herb T. thouarsii (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: Nortenia thouarsii Cham. & Schltdl. Torenia parviflora, T. ramosissima. Small Wishbone Flower. Herb T. violacea (Azaola ex Blanco) Pennell; J. Arn. Arb. 24: 255 (1943). Mimulus violaceus Azaola ex Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2, ; Torenia peduncularis Benth. ex Hook. f., ; Fl. Br. Ind. 4: 276 (1884). Herb. Abundant Veronica L V. javanica Blume, Bijdr Veronica murorum Maximowicz. AH. Abundant V. serpyllifolia L., Sp. Pl. 1: Veronica humifusa Dickson; V. serpyllifolia subsp. humifusa (Dickson) Syme; V. serpyllifolia var. humifusa (Dickson) Vahl. PH SIMAROUBACEAE DC., Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 209. Jan 1811, nom. cons. (Quassia or Tree-of-heaven family). Genus: 3; Species: Ailanthus Desf A. excelsa Roxb., Pl. Corom. 1: 24, t DC. Prodr ; Bennett in Hook. f., l.c. Maharukh. Tree. Common A. integrifolia ssp. calycina (Pierre) Noot. in Fl. Males. 6: Ailanthus calycina Pierre; A. grandis Prain, Indian Forester 28: A. glandulosa Desf. Gokul. Tree. Common Brucea J.F. Mill B. mollis Wall. ex Kurz; J. As. S. Beng. 42(2): ; Gamble Brucea acuminata H. L. Li; B. mollis var. tonkinensis Lecomte; B. luzoniensis Vidal; B. membrancea Merr.; B. macrobotrys Merr.; B. stenophylla Merr. Shrub or small tree. Not common Picrasma Blume P. javanica Blume, Bijdr ; Gamble 1878 (Unresolved). Zanthoxylum javanicum Walp. Tuugjir-kúng. Tree SOLANACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Nightshade Family). Genus: 12; Species: Browallia L B. americana L., Sp. Pl. 1: Browallia elata L. Syst. Nat. ed : Bush violet, Browallia, Amethyst Flower. AH Brugmansia Pers B. suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Berchtold & C. Presl. Prir. Rostlin Datura suaveolens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Enum. Pl ; D. suaveolens ssp. suaveolens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.; Enum. Pl. H. Berol. 227 (1809); ssp. macrodon (Wall.ex Nees) Deb. Angel s Trumpet; Dhature phool. Shrub or small tree. Sparse Brunfelsia L B. americana L., Sp. Pl. 1: Brunfelsia undulata (misapplied). Lady of the Night. Shrub Cestrum L C. aurantiacum Lindl., B. Reg. 30: 71 (1844); 31: t. 22 (1845). Straggling shrub. Abundant C. elegans (Brongniart ex Neumann.) Schlechtendal, Linnaea. 19: Habrothamnus elegans Brongniart in Neumann, Ann. Fl. Pomone Rukh hasna. Shrub. Common C. fasciculatum (Schltdl.) Miers. London J. Bot. 5: Habrothamnus fasciculatus (Schltdl.) Endl., Meyenia fasciculata Schltdl.). Red cestrum, Early jessamine, Early Flowering Jessamine. Shrub C. nocturnum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 191 (1753). Night Queen, Hasnu-Hana, Hasna. Shrub Datura L D. stramonium L., ; Sp. Pl. 1: 179 (1753). Datura stramonium var. tatula (Linnaeus) Torrey; D. tatula Linnaeus. Jimson weed; Dhaturo, Kalo- Dhutra; Seto dhaturo. Herb or subshrub Lycianthes (Dunal) Hassl L. biflora (Loureiro) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen. 24: Shrub or subshrub Mandragora L M. caulescens C.B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 4(10): Anisodus caulescens (C. B. Clarke) Diels. PH Nicandra Adans N. physalodes (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 237, t. 131, f Atropa physalodes Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: AH Physalis L P. angulata L., Sp. Pl var. angulata. P. parviflora R. Br. Prodr P. villosa Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp.: , nom. illeg., non Mill. (1768). P. minima Sp. Pl. 1: Wild gooseberry. AH. Common P. divaricata D. Don., Prodr. Fl. Nep Physalis indica var. microcarpa Nees., Linnaea. 6: Physalis minima auctt. non L.; Roxb., Fl.

96 Ind. (Car. ed.). 2, 1: Clarke, l.c. 238 (including var. indica Roem. & Schultes); Jafri, l.c Patpate. AH P. peruviana L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1670 (1763). Rasbharee, Jungali mewa Tipariya. Small shrub or herb Solanum L S. americanum Mill. Gard. Dict. (ed. 8) no Solanum nigrum L. Sp. Pl. 1: Black nightshade; Khursanejhar, Unagali bihee, Kaalo Bihin Gurki begun, Gurkamari. US S. anguivi Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 2: Solanum indicum L. Sp. Pl. 1: US S. capsicoides All. Mélanges Philos. Math. Soc. Roy. Turin 5: Solanum khasianum C.B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 4(10): 234; Solanum bodinieri H. Léveillé & Vaniot; S. ciliatum Lamarck. Kanre Bee. Herb or subshrub S. erianthum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Shrub or small tree. Common S. laxum Spreng, Syst. Veg. 1: Solanum jasminoides Paxton, Mag. B. 8: t. 5 (1841). Potato creeper; Alu phoole. SC. Common S. mauritianum Scop., Delic. Fl. F. Insubr. 3: 16, t. 8 (1788). Bug weed, Wild tobacco. Shrub or small tree S. mirikense C.R.Mukhop. J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 72(1-2): 185 (1993) 1993 (Unsolved). Shrub S. myriacanthum Dunal, Hist. Solan. 218, t. 19 (1813); in DC., Prodr. 13(1): 243 (1852). Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke, ; Fl. Br. Ind. 4: 234 (1883). Beek ara. PS S. torvum Sw., Prodr Ban-bihi; Seto bihee. Shrub. Common S. viarum Dunal in A. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke var. chatterjeeanum Sen Gupta. Herb or subshrub S. wendlandii Hook. f., B. Mag. 113: t Potato Vine, Blue Potato vine, Giant Potato creeper, Costa Rica nightshade, Paradise flower. Climber Streptosolen Miers S. jamesonii (Benth.) Miers. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2. 5: Browallia jamesonii Benth. Prodr. 10: Fire bush, Marmalade bush, Orange Browallia. Shrub Withania Pauquy, W. somnifera (L.) Dunal Prodr. 13(1): Ashwa gandha. Herb STACHYURACEAE J. Agardh, Theoria Syst. Pl.: 152. Apr Sep 1858, nom. cons. (Stachyurus family). Genus: 1; Species: Stachyurus Siebold & Zucc S. himalaicus J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex Bentham, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: Stachyurus rachystachyus (C. Y. Wu & S. K. Chen) Y. C. Tang & Y. L. Cao; S. chinensis subsp. brachystachyus (C. Y. Wu & S. K. Chen) Y. C. Tang & Y. L. Cao; S. chinensis var. brachystachyus C. Y. Wu & S. K. Chen; S. himalaicus var. alatipes C. Y. Wu ex S. K. Chen; S. himalaicus var. dasyrachis C. Y. Wu ex S. 189 K. Chen, p.p.; S. himalaicus var. microphyllus C. Y. Wu ex S. K. Chen, p.p.; S. himalaicus subsp. purpureus Y. P. Zhu & Z. Y. Zhang. Shrub or small tree STAPHYLEACEAE Martinov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: Aug 1820, nom. cons. (Bladdernut family). Genus: 1; Species: Turpinia Vent T. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. in Tour. Arn. Arb. 19: Maurocenia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: ; Triceros cochinchinensis Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 1: ; Turpinia microcarpa Wight & Arnott; T. nepalensis Wall. ex Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or Thali, Murgut-kúng. Shrub or small tree T. pomifera (Roxb.) DC., Prodr. 2: ; Gamble Nagpat, Singnok-kúng, Thali. Tree or shrub. Less common STYRACACEAE DC. & Spreng. [transl. Jameson], Elem. Philos. Pl.: 140. Jul 1821, nom. cons. (the Storax Family). Genus: 1; Species: Styrax L S. grandiflorus Griffith, Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: Shrub or small tree S. hookeri C.B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 3: (Unresolved) S. serrulatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: Styrax serrulatum var. agrestis C. B. Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 3: Khanew 128. SYMPLOCACEAE Desf., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: , nom. cons. (Sweetleaf Family). Genus: 1; Species: Symplocos Jacq S. cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore, J. B. 52: var. laurina (Retz.) Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1: Symplocos loha Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep ; S. spicata Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2: Jhingani S. dryophila C.B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 3(9): Dicalix delavayi (Brand) Migo; D. forrestii (W. W. Smith) Migo; D. shunningensis Migo; Symplocos delavayi Brand; S. forrestii W.W. Sm.; S. longipetiolata Rehder. Tree S. glomerata King ex C. B. Clarke; Fl. Br. Ind. 3: Dicalix glomeratus (King ex C. B. Clarke) Migo; Symplocos wenshanensis Huang & Y. F. Wu; S. yizhangensis Y. F. Wu. Kharane, Sanuhingo. Tree. Common S. hookeri C.B. Clarke Fl. Brit. India 3: (Unresolved). Tree S. lucida (Thunb.) Sieb & Zucc., Fl. Jap. 1: Laurus lucida Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14, ; Symplocos theifolia D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep Ghole, Kharaney. Tree. Common S. pyrifolia Wall. ex G. Don., Gen. Hist. 4: Shrub or small tree S. ramosissima Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 3 (1837). Dicalix myrianthus (Rehder) Migo;

97 Symplocos fasciculata Zollinger var. chinensis Brand; S. myriantha Rehder; S. ramosissima var. salwinensis Handel-Mazzetti; S. stapfiana H. Léveillé; S. stapfiana var. leiocalyx Handel-Mazzetti. Shrub or small tree S. sumuntia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep Bobua austrosinensis Migo; Dicalix austrosinensis (Migo) Migo; D. botryanthus (Franchet) Migo; D. decorus (Hance) Migo; D. urceolaris (Hance) Migo; D. swinhoeanus (Hance) Migo; Symplocos botryantha Franchet; S. botryantha var. stenophylla Brand; S. caerulea H. Léveillé; S. caudata Wallich ex G. Don; S. caudata var. macrantha Handel-Mazzetti; S. caudata var. macrocalyx Handel-Mazzetti; S. cavaleriei H. Léveillé; S. decora Hance; S. dolichostylosa Y. F. Wu; S. fuboensis M. Y. Fang; S. leucophylla Brand; S. macrostroma Hayata; S. ovatibracteata Y. F. Wu; S. prunifolia Siebold & Zuccarini; S. punctata Brand; S. rachitricha Y. F. Wu; S. sasakii Hayata; S. somai Hayata; S. sozanensis Hayata; S. subconnata Handel- Mazzetti; S. swinhoeana Hance; S. urceolaris Hance. Bholia, Kharani. Tree TAMARICACEAE Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: Mar 30 Jun 1821, nom. cons. (Tamarisk family). Genus: 1; Species: Tamarix L T. dioica Roxb. ex Roth, Nov. pl. sp Jhau, Jheuwa. Shrub or small tree. Uncommon TETRAMELACEAE Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 18: Dec 1965 (the Tetrameles Family). Genus: 1; Species: Tetrameles R.Br T. nudiflora R. Br., Pl. Jav. Rar. 79, pl Bhelu, Moina. Tree. Rare THEACEAE Mirb. ex Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg. 2: ad t Mai 1816, nom. cons. (the Tea Family). Genus: 5; Species: Camellia L C. japonica L., Sp. Pl. 2: Common camellia. Shrub or small tree C. kissi Wall., As. Research. 13: ; Cat. 27, n ; Pl. As. Rar. 3: t Chiyapate, Hinguwa. Shrub or small tree. Rare C. oleifera Abel, Narr. Journey China C. drupifera Lour., Fl. Cochinch Tea-oil camellia; Hingua, Chashing. Shrub C. sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Acta H. Petrop. 10: 195 (1887) in obs.; in Um die Erde C. thea Link, C. theifera Griff. (Gamble s list) var. assamica (L.) Kuntze, Acta Phyt. Geobot. 15: Chiya. Shrub or small tree Eurya Thunb E. acuminata DC., Mem. S. Phys. Geneve 1: ; Gamble E. euprista Korthals; E. wallichiana Steudel; E. acuminata var. wallichiana (Steudel) Dyer. Flotungchong-kúng; Sanu Jhingni. Tree. Common E. amplexicaulis S. Moore, J. Bot. 37: Eurya auriculata Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 2: Tree E. cavinervis Vesque., Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 42: Eurya cavinervis f. laevis Hung T. Chang; E. fangii Rehder var. glaberrima P. S. Hsu; E. handeliana Kobuski. Jhinguni, Tukeheong. Shrub or small tree. Common in plains E. cerasifolia (D. Don) Kobuski, Ann. Miss. B. G. 25: E. symplocina Blume, Mus. B. Lugd.-Bat. 2: (Gamble 1878); E. earasifolia (D.Don) Vobuski (Chaudhuri 1993). Bhale jhinu, Bara Jhingni, Flotung-chong-kúng, Kisri. Tree. Common E. japonica Thunb., Nov. Gen. Pl ; Gamble Eurya japonica var. multiflora, E. hortensis, E. latifolia, E. microphylla, E. montana, E. pusilla, E. uniflora. Jhingni, Tungchong-kúng. Tree. Common Gordonia J.Ellis G. dipterosperma Kurz., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 45(2): Hinguwa, Chau- kúng, Rato munte, seti. Tree. Common G. excelsa (Blume) Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: (Gamble s list). Antheischima excelsa Korth Schima Reinw. ex Blume (1823) S. wallichii (DC.) Korth., Bijdr. Ternstr., in Temminck. Verh. Nat. Ges. B ; Choisy in Zoll., Syst. Verz. Ind. Archipel. Hft. 2: ; Dyer in Fl. Br. Ind. 1: ; Gamble 1878; Burkill in Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 4: ; Bloemb. in Reinwardtia 2: ; Biswas 1966 (Unresolved). Chilauni, Aule chilaune, Kungsúng-kúng, Puyam, Gogra, Zalashing, Sumbrong-kúng. Tree. Common Ternstroemia Mutis ex L.f T. gymnanthera (Wight & Arnott) Beddome, Fl. Sylv. S. India (Unresolved). T. japonica Thunb. Shrub. Endemic. Rare THYMELAEACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the daphne family). Genus: 4; Species: Aquilaria Lam A. malaccensis Lam, Encycl. 1(1): Agarwood, Eaglewood, Agoor. Tree Daphne L D. bholua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 68 (1825). Nepalese paper plant; Lokata, Bholu swa, Kagat pate. Shrub. Frequent D. bholua var. glacialis (W.W. Sm. & Cave) B.L. Burtt, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1936: Daphne cannabina var. glacialis W.W.Sm. & Cave, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 6: Creeping shrub D. papyracea Wall. ex G. Don., Hort. Brit ; Steud., Nom. B. 1: , Gamble 1878; p.p. W. W. Sm. & Cave in Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 6: D. cannabina Lour. ex Wall., As. Research. 13: , quoad descr. p.p., excl. t. Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 5: , p.p. Baruwa, Dayshing, Gande, Kagatpate; Kaghuti, Lokote. Shrub.

98 D. sureil W. W. Sm. & Cave, Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 6(2): 51, f. 2 (1913). Daphne shillong Banerji. Shrub. Less common Edgeworthia Meisn E. gardneri (Wall.) Meisn., Denkschr. B. Ges. Regensb. Bot. Ges. 3: 280, t ; Gamble Daphne gardneri Wallich, Asiat. Res. 13: Indian papertree; Aryili, Kaghuti. Shrub. Sparse Eriosolena Blume E. composita (L.f.) Tiegh., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 40: Daphne involucrata Wall., D. longifolia Meisn. (Gamble s list), D. wallichii Meisn. (Gamble s list), Eriosolena involucrata (Wall.) Tieg., E. longiflora (Tiegh), E. wallichii Meisn., Scopolia composita L. f., Scopolia involucrata (Wall.) C.A. Mey. Seti barwal, Chhota Argaule or Aryili, Bimbiri, Shedbarwa. Shrub. Not common E. involucrata (Wall.) ined. Daphne involucrata Wall. Chhota Aryili. Shrub. Common ULMACEAE Mirb., Elém. Physiol. Vég. Bot. 2: Jun 1815, nom. cons. (the Elm Family). Genus: 3; Species: Celtis L C. tetrandra Roxb. (Hort. Beng , nom. nud.) Fl. Ind. 2, 2: Brandis, For. Fl. of N.W. & C. Ind ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Celtis serotina Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 10: ; Celtis trinervia Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: (Gamble s list); Sponia tetrandra Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt Khari, koomsoongkúng, Sedongtagla. Tree. Common C. timorensis Span. Linnaea 15: Celtis cinnamomea Lindl. ex Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. III, 10: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: Tree. Common Trema Lour T. orientalis (L.) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: Celtis orientalis L.; Celtis orientalis Lam.; Sponia orientalis (L.) Decne.; S. orientalis Planch (Gamble s list). Kooail; Tugla-kúng. Tree or shrub T. politoria (Planch.) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Celtis politoria Wall., Cat n nom. Nud. Sponia politoria Planch, Ann. Sci. Nat. 10: (Gamble s list). Kooail; Tuksat-kúng. Small tree. Common Ulmus L U. lanceifolia Roxb. ex Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 86, pl Ulmus lanceifolia Roxb. Hort. Bengal ; Gamble Ulmus tonkinensis Gagnepain. Elm, Lapi, Pipli. Tree URTICACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (the Nettle family). Genus: 17; Species: Boehmeria Jacq B. clidemioides var. diffusa (Wedd.) Hand.- Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: Boehmeria diffusa Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: PH B. glomerulifera Miq., Syst. Verz B. malabarica Wedd. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: (Gamble s list); Ramium malabaricum Kuntze; Urtica malabarica Wall. Shrub or small tree B. hamiltoniana Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 4, 1: ; Gamble Boehmeria platyphylla var. hamiltoniana (Wedd.) Wedd. Prodr. 16(1): Taksur. Shrub B. macrophylla Hornem, Hort. Bot. Hafn. 2: B. platyphylla D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Gamble 1878; Hook.f., Fl.Brit. Ind. 5: ; Boehmeria macrostachya, B. platyphylla var. austroqueenslandica, Splitgerbera macrostachya. Dangnoiooketek, Hathi sisnu; Kamli, Pua. Shrub. Common B. macrophylla var. rotundifolia (D.Don) W.T. Wang in Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 23(2): ; Gamble B. platyphylla var. rotundifolia, B. rotundifolia D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal B. penduliflora Weddell ex D. G. Long, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 40: Boehmeria macrophylla D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal , not Hornemann (1815), nor (Thunberg) Siebold & Zuccarini (1846). Shrub. Less common B. platyphylla var. platyphylla D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 60 (1825);. B. platyphylla var. canescens Wedd., in DC., Prodr. 16(1): 213 (1869), excl. syn. B. ternifolia. H. Hara in Fl. E. Him. 3: 18 (1975). Shrub. Common B. polystachya Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 4, 1: Ramium polystachyum Kuntze; Urtica polystachya Wall. Phsre kamli; Taksur. Herb or shrub B. regulosa Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 4, 1: ; Gamble Ramium rugulosum (Wedd.) Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: ; Urtica rugosula Wall. Numer. List Dar, Dongtsong, Githa, Sedeng. Tree. Less common Chamabainia Wight C. cuspidata Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 6: 11, t Boehmeria squamigera Weddell; Chamabainia cuspidata var. denticulosa W. T. Wang & C. J. Chen; C. cuspidata var. morii (Hayata) W. T. Wang; C. morii Hayata; C. squamigera Weddell. Pamle. Herb. Common Debregeasia Gaudich D. longifolia (Burm. f.) Wedd. in DC., Prodr. 16(1): ; Gamble Urtica longifolia N. L. Burman, Fl. Indica, 197 [ 297 ]. 1768; Conocephalus niveus Wight; Debregeasia dichotoma (Blume) Weddell; D. libera Chien & C. J. Chen; D. velutina Gaudichaud-Beaupré; Morocarpus dichotomus (Blume) Blume; M. longifolius (N. L. Burman) Blume; M. velutinus Blume; Urtica angustata Blume; U. dichotoma Blume. Tushiari, Kamhyem-kúng. Shrub or small tree. Less common D. saeneb (Forssk.) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood. Kew Bull. 38: Rhus saeneb Forsskål, Fl. Aegypt.-Arab ; Debregeasia salicifolia (D. Don) Rendle, in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 6(2): 295 (1917); Morocarpus salicifolia (D. Don) Blume; Mus. B.

99 Lugd.-Bat. 2: 157 (1856). Tusare. Shrub or small tree D. wallichiana (Wedd.) Wedd., Monogr. Urtic. 464, t Missiessya wallichiana Weddell, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4: ; Debregeasia ceylanica J. D. Hooker; D. leucophylla Weddell; Morocarpus ceylanicus (J. D. Hooker) Kuntze; M. wallichianus (Weddell) Blume. Shrub or small tree Dendrocnide Miq D. sinuata (Blume) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore. 21: Urtica sinuata Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind ; Laportea crenulata Gaudich. Voy. Bonite, Bot (Gamble s list). Morangay, Moringi, Sunkrong. Shrub or small tree. Less common Elatostema J. R. et G. Forst E. cuneatum Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 6: 35, t. 2091, f ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Elatostema approximatum Weddell; E. densiflorum Franchet & Savatier; E. nipponicum Makino. AH E. dissectum Wedd., Monogr. Urtic Elatostema paragungshanense W. T. Wang. PH E. hookerianum Wedd., Monogr. Urt Elatostema subfalcatum W. T. Wang. AH. Common E. lineolatum Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 6: t Elatostema lineolatum var. major Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl Subshrub E. monandrum (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Hara, Fl. E. Him. 3: 21 (1975), cum formae. H. Hara in H. Hara et al., Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 3: 203 (1982). Procris monandra D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Elatostema diversifolium Weddell; E.monandrum f. ciliatum (J. D. Hooker) Hara; E. monandrum f. pinnatifidum (J. D. Hooker) Hara; E. monandrum var. ciliatum (J. D. Hooker) Murti; E. monandrum var. pinnatifidum (J. D. Hooker) Murti; E. muscicola W. T. Wang; E. surculosum Wight; E. surculosum var. ciliatum J. D. Hooker; E. surculosum var. elegans J. D. Hooker; E. surculosum var. pinnatifidum J. D. Hooker; Pellioniamairei H. Léveillé. AH E. obtusum Wedd., Monogr. Urtic Gogleto. PH E. parvum (Blume) Blume ex Miq. Syst. Verz Elatostema reptans Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: ; Procris parva Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 10: Gagleto. PH. Common E. platyphullum Wedd. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: Elatostema platyphylloides B.L. Shih & Yuen P. Yang; Elatostema platyphyllum var. polycephalum H. Hara. Subshrub E. rupestre (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Wedd., Monogr. Urtic Procris rupestris Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal PH E. sessile J. R. & G. Forst., Char. Gen. Pl. Austr ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: E. sessile var. polycephalum Wedd., Monogr. Urtic. 295 (1856), 'polycephala'. Hook. f. in Fl. Br. 192 Ind. 5: 564 (1888). Ledem (Ch) Gagleto. AH. Common E. sikkimense C.B.Clarke J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: [1877]. AH. Endemic. Less common Girardinia Gaudich G. diversifolia (Link) Friis, Kew Bull. 36: Girardinia armata Kunth, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 7: ; nom. illeg.; G. heterophylla Decne. in Jacquem., Voy. 4 (Bot.): 151, t , excl. basionym. Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 5: ; G. palmata (Forssk.) Gaudich. in Freyc., Voy. Bot ; Urtica diversifolia Link. Himalayan nettle; Bichnu ghas, Allo, Allo sisnu, Ullo, Kasu, Bhangre sisnu. AH or PH. Common Gonostegia Turcz G. hirta (Blume ex Hassk.) Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: Memorialis hirta (Blume ex Hassk.) Wedd.; Pouzolzia hirta (Blume) Blume ex Hassk.; Urtica hirta Blume. Asia, Australia. Darjeeling (Basnet 2005). Urtica hirta Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind ; Driessenia sinensis H. Léveillé; Memorialis hirta (Blume) Weddell; Pouzolzia hirta (Blume) Hasskarl. Chiple. Herb or subshrub. Frequent Laportea Gaudichaud Beaupré L. bulbifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Wedd. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: Urtica bulbifera Siebold & Zucc. Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): ; Laportea terminalis Darjeeling. Wight, Ic. Pl. Or. 6: 9, t Patle sisnu. Shrub. Frequent Lecanthus Wedd L. crispa L. (Not in Kew list)(vardhana 2006) L. peduncularis (Wall. ex Royle) Weddell in Candolle, Prodr. 16(1): Procris peduncularis Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. t PH Maoutia Wedd M. puya (Hook.) Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 1: ; Gamble Boehmeria puya Hook. Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: ; Leucosyke puya (Hook.) den Baaker & Mabb. Plantbook ed. 3: ; Urtica puya Buch.-Ham. & Wall. ex Hook. London J. Bot. 3: Puya, Kyinki. Shrub Oreocnide Miq O. frutescens (Thunb.) Miq., Ann. Mus. B. Lugd.-Bat. 3: Boehmeria frutescens (Thunb.) Thunb., D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep ; Urtica frutescens Thunb. Fl. Jap ; Villebrunea frutescens (Thunb.) Blume, Mus. B. Lugd.-Bat. 2: (Gamble s list). Kirma; Takbret-kúng. Shrub or small tree O. integrifolia (Gaudich.) Miq., Ann. Mus. B. Lugd.-Bat. 4: Oreocnide acuminata (Roxb.) Kurz, For. Fl. Burma 2: ; Urtica acuminata Roxb., ; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, ; non Poir. (1816); Villebrunea appendiculata Wedd. in DC., Prodr. 16(1): ; V. integrifolia Gaudich. (Gamble s list). Lipic, Kaphitki. Shrub or small tree.

100 Pilea Lindl., P. anisophylla (Hook.f.) Wedd., Monogr. Urtic Pilea anisophylla var. robusta J. D. Hooker; P. secunda Chien. PH P. approximata C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. S. B. 15: PH P. bracteosa Weddell, Monogr. Urtic Pilea bracteosa var. striolata Handel-Mazzetti; P. obliqua Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5(15): PH. Common P. cordifolia Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India. 5(15): Gaglato. PH. Endemic. Less common P. glaberrima (Blume) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2(4): Pilea smilacifolia Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 41: ; Urtica glaberrima Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind PH. Less common P. microphylla (L.) Liebm., Vidensk. Salsk. Skr. 5 (2): Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: Parietaria microphylla Linn., Syst.ed Pilea muscosa Lindl., Collect. Bot. t Gun-powder or Artillery Plant. AH P. picta Herzog, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 27: Pilea macrophylla Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl herb P. scripta (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don.) Weddel in Ann. Sci.Nat.ser. 4: Monogr. Urtic ; in DC., Prodr. 16 (1): ; Hook.f., F1.Brit.Ind. 5: Urtica scripta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal Seto Gagleto. PH. Common P. symmeria Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9(1-2): Pilea symmeria f. stenobasis Hand.-Mazz. AH. Abundant P. ternifolia Wedd, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9(1-2): ; Basu PH. Endemic. Less common P. umbrosa Blume, Mus. B. Lugd.-Bat. 2: ; Wedd., Monogr. Urtic Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 5: ; Banerji in Rec. B. Surv. Ind. 19(2): Das et al Pilea producta Blume, Mus. B. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 56 (1856). Urtica umbrosa Wallich, Cat.No nom. nud. Herb. Common Poikilospermum Zipp. ex Miq P. suaveolens (Blume) Merrill, Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8: Conocephalus suaveolens Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind (Gamble s list). Gulsuné. Big climber Pouzolzia Gaudich P. hirta Blume ex Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bog.Alt Hook.f., l.c.586. Urtica hirta Bl. Chipley. US P. sanguinea (Blume) Merrill, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 84 (Spec. No.): Urtica sanguinea Blume. Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind Chhota kooail; Chiple, Kyingbi. Shrub. Less common P. sanguinea (Blume) Merrill. var. nepalensis (Wedd.) Hara. Syn of Pouzolzia sanguinea (Blume) Merrill var. sanguinea. Shrub. Frequent P. viminea Wedd., Prodr. 16(1): (Unresolved); Gamble s list Boehmeria viminea Blume. Chhota kúail, Kyinghi. Large shrub or small tree P. zeylanica (L.) Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar Parietaria indica L., Mant. Pl. 1: ;. Pouzolzia indica (L.) Gaudich. in Freycinet, Voy , nom. non rite publ. Wedd., Monogr. Urtic Chiple jhar. PH. Abundant Procris Comm. ex Juss P. crenata C.B. Rob., Philipp. J. Sci., C. 5: Elatostema gagnepainianum H.Schroet.; Pellionia procropioides Gagnep.; Procris laevigata Miq.; Procris rhizantha Gagnep.; Procris wightiana Wall. ex Wedd. PH or subshrub Sarcochlamys Gaudichaud-Beaupré S. pulcherrima Gaudichaud-Beaupré, Voy. Bonite, Bot., pl Sphaerotylos medogensis C. J. Chen; Urtica pulcherrima Roxburgh (1832). Large shrub or small tree. Rare Urtica L U. ardens Link., Enum. H. Berol Hara in Fl. East Himal. 3rd. Rep Sisnu. Shrub. Frequent U. dioica L., Sp. Pl ; Mandal et al. 2009a. Sisnu. Shrub. Frequent U. parviflora Roxb, Fl. Ind., ed. 3: Sisnu. Herb. Sparse VALERIANACEAE Batsch. Tab. Affin. Regni Veg (Valerian family). Genus: 1; Species: Nardostachys Candolle N. jatamansi (D. Don) DC., Prodr. 4: Patrinia jatamansi D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal ; Nardostachys chinensis Batalin; N. grandiflora Candolle, Valeriana wallichii DC. Jatamansi, Muskroot, Jatamashi, Balchar, Sugandra Bal. PH. Critically Endangered VERBENACEAE J. St.-Hil., Expos. Fam. Nat. 1: 245. Feb Apr 1805, nom. cons.; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: (the Verbena Family). Genus: 10; Species: Callicarpa L C. arborea Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: ; ed. 2, 1: Bori, Bormala, Guenlo, Guyelo, Guren, Maaraa. Tree. Common C. macrophylla Vahl, Symb. 3:13, t C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4 : ; C. incana Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: Big leaf beauty berry. Dhaichamla, Sumali. Shrub C. rubella Lindley, Bot. Reg. 11: t C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4 : Shrub or US C. vestita Wall. ex C. B. Clarke; Fl. Br. Ind. 4: Callicarpa hookeri C.B. Clarke; Callicarpa lanata Gamble. Bakam. Tree. Sparse Clerodendrum L C. bracteatum Wall. ex Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4 : Chitu, Kaomnyok. Shrub.

101 C. glandulosum Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 30: t Clerodendron colebrookianum Walp., Repert. 4: , 'colebrokianum'; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4 : Banker, Kaombi. Shrub or small tree C. indicum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: Siphonanthus indica L., Sp. Pl. 1: ; Clerodendrum siphonanthus R.Br. in Ait. F., Hort. Kew 4: ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4 : Shrub. Abundant C. infortunatum L., Sp. Pl. 2: Clerodendron infortunatum Gearth. (Unresolved); Clerodendrum calycinum Turcz. Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(2): ; C. viscosum Vantenat. Jard. Malm. 1: ; C. pubescens Wall. ex Walp. 1843; Volkameria infortunata Roxb. Hill glory bower, Saraswaty's leaf, sticky glorybower; Bhant, Chitu, Kambaldum. Shrub. Common C. japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed Volkameria japonica Thunberg, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3: ; Volkameria kaempferi Jacq., Collectanea 3 : & Icon. Pl. Rar. 3 : t ; C. squamatum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: ; Volkameria dentata Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3 : Dhago phool, Kombalhir. Small shrub. Abundant C. wallichii Merr., J. Arn. Arb. 33: Clerodendrum nutans Wall. ex D. Don; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 103 (1825); non Jack (1820); C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4 : Baichua, Tongsor-kúng. Shrub Duranta L D. repens L., Sp. Pl Duranta erecta Linn., Sp. P Duranta plumieri Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer.Hist. 186, t Golden dewdrop; Nil kanda, Mudikanta. Shrub Gmelina L G. arborea Roxb., Pl. Corom. 3: Brandis, For. Fl ; Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Briy. India 4 : Gmelina rheedii Hook., Bot. Mag. t Premna arborea (Roxb.) Roth, Nov. Sp. P Gamari, Khamari, Kholomshing. Tree. Common Holmskioldia Retz H. sanguinea Retz., Obs. 6: Clarke in Hook. Fl. Brit. India 4 : Hastingia coccinea Sm., Exot. B. 2: 41, t. 80 (1806). Hastingia scandens Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: 65 (1832). Jhule phool, Aputo or Hare or Katli Lahara, Sarpattia, Sivettachin. SC. Less common Lantana L L. camara L., Sp. Pl. 2: ; Clarke in Hook. f., l.c. 562; Cooke, l.c Ban fanda, Masino kanda, Manindra Kanta. Shrub. Abundant L. indica Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: Clarke in Hook. f., l.c. 562; Cooke, l.c Shrub. Common Phyla Lour P. nodiflora (L.) Greene in Pittonia. 4: Lippia nodiflora (Linn.) L.C. Rich. in Michaux, Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: Clarke in Hook. f.,l.c. 563; 194 Cooke, l.c. 499; Verbena nodiflora Linn., Sp. Pl Bhui-Okra, Kurkure jhaar. Herb Premna L P. barbata Wall. ex Schauer. Prodr. 11: ; Clarke in Hook. f., l.c Gumira barbata (Wall. ex Schauer) Kuntze; Premna barbata Wall.; Premna barbata var. anodon C.B. Clarke. Fl. Brit. India 4: Shrub P. bengalensis Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 4: P. longifolia Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4 : Seti Guenyhlo, Gineri, Dauli P. bracteata Wall. ex C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 4: Tree P. longifolia Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: Gumira longifolia (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: Gwyheli, Sungna, Dhaoli, Gineri. Tree. Less common P. lucidula Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: Tree P. mollissima Roth. Nov. Pl. Sp Gumira mollissima (Roth) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: ; Premna mucronata Roxb.; P. latifolia Roxb. var mucronata Haines; P. mucronata var gamblei; P. latifolia Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: ; Fl. Brit India 4: ; P. latifolia var. mollissima (Roth) Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4: , nom. illeg. P. latifolia Roxb. var. viburnoides (Wall. ex Schauer) Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4: ; P. viburnoides Wall. ex Schauer in A. DC., Prodr. 11: Dusky fire brand mark; Gineri, Gohara, Michapgong, Tree P. scandens Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed : C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4 : Gineri Lahara. SC. Less common Tectona L.f T. grandis L. f., Suppl. Pl Theka grandis (L. f.) Lamk Tree. Abundant Vitex L V. negundo L., Sp. Pl. 2: C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4 : Vitex paniculata Lamk Nishinda; Simali. Shrub. Abundant V. quinata (Loureiro) Williams, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2(5): Cornutia quinata Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2 : Vitex heterophylla Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3 : ; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl.Brit. India 4 : Panchpate. Tree. Rare V. trifolia L. Sp. Pl ; Gamble Vitex agnus-castus var. trifolia (L.) Kurz; Vitex indica Mill. [Illegitimate]; Vitex integerrima Mill. [Illegitimate]; Vitis triphylla Noronha (Unresolved); Vitex agnuscastus var. javanica Kuntze; Vitex agnuscastus var. subtrisecta Kuntze; Vitex benthamiana Domin; Vitex bicolor Willd.; Vitex iriomotensis Ohwi; Vitex langundi W.G. Maxwell [Invalid]; Vitex negundo var. bicolor (Willd.) H.J. Lam; Vitex negundo var. philippinensis Moldenke; Vitex neocaledonica Gand.; Vitex paniculata Lam.; Vitex petiolaris Domin; Vitex rotundifolia f. heterophylla (Makino ex H.Hara) Kitam.; Vitex triphylla Royle; Vitex variifolia Salisb.). Indian

102 privet, Indian wild pepper, simple-leaf chaste tree, three-leaved chaste tree. Shrub or small tree. Rare VIOLACEAE Batsch, Tab. Affin. Regni Veg.: Mai 1802, nom. cons. (Violet family). Genus: 2; Species: Rinorea Aubl R. bengalensis (Wall.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: ; Gamble Alsodia bengalensis Wall. Trans. Med. Soc. Calcutta 7: (Gamble s list); A. wallichiana J. D. Hooker & Thomson; Rinorea glandulosa Merrill (1928), not Merrill (1917); R. wallichiana (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) O. Kuntze. Shrub or small tree Viola L V. arcuata Blume, Bijdr Viola alata Burgersdijk; V. alata subsp. verecunda (A. Gray) W. Becker; V. amurica W. Becker; V. arcuata f. radicans (Makino) Nakai; V. arcuata var. verecunda (A. Gray) Nakai; V. distans Wall., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: , p.p.; V. excisa Hance; V. hupeiana W. Becker; V. verecunda A. Gray; V. verecunda f. hensoaensis Kudo & Sasaki; V. verecunda f. radicans Makino; V. verecunda var. semilunaris Maximowicz. PH V. betonicifolia Sm., in Rees, Cyclop. 37(1): Viola n ; Das et al Viola betonicifolia subsp. dielsiana W. Becker; V. betonicifolia subsp. nepalensis (Gingins) W. Becker; V. caespitosa D. Don; V. inconspicua Blume subsp. dielsiana W. Becker; V. oblongosagittata Nakai var. violascens Nakai; V. patrinii Gingins var. caespitosa (D. Don) Ridley; V. patrinii var. laotiana H. Boissieu; V. patrinii var. nepaulensis Gingins. PH V. biflora L., Sp. Pl Bunufsha. PH V. bulbosa Maxim., Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg. 9: ssp. tuberifera (Franch.) W. Becker, Beih. B. Centralbl. 34(2): PH V. canescens Wall., in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: Viola serpens var. canescens (Wall. ex Roxb.) Hook. f. & Thorns. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: PH V. cerasifolia Saint-Hilaire, PI. Rem. Brés Viola diffusa Ging. ex DC., Prodr. 1: ; V. tenuis Benth. AH. Common V. glaucescens Oudem., Ann. Mus. B. Lugd.- Bat. 3: (Unresolved). PH V. hamiltoniana D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 206 (Feb. 1825). W. Becker in Beih. B. Centralbl. 40(2): 170 (1923). H. Hara in H. Hara & Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nep. 2: 47 (1979). Viola arcuata Blume, Bijdr ; V. distans Wall., Trans. Med. Soc. Calcutta 7: ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: ; V. serpens var. hamiltoniana (D. Don) Hook. f. & Thomson ex Boissieu, ; Bull. S. B. Fr. 57: 259 (1910). PH V. inconspicua Blume. Bijdr PH V. moupiensis Franch. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: Viola paravaginata H. Hara, J. Jap. B. 43: 47 (1968); in Fl. E. Him. 2: 82 (1971); 3: (1975); V. mairei H. Léveillé; V. moupinensis var. lijiangensis C. J. Wang; V. palustris var. moupinensis (Franchet) Franchet; V. paravaginata H. Hara; V. rosthornii E. Pritzel; V. vaginata Maximowicz subsp. alata W. Becker; V. vaginata var. sutchuensis Franchet ex H. Boissieu. PH V. odorata L., Sp. Pl ; Hook. f. & Thorns. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: Viola hirta L.; V. hirta ssp. brevifimbriata W. Beck; Viola wiedemannii Boiss. PH V. pilosa Blume, Cat. Gew. Buit. 57. (1823); Bijdr. 57 (1825). Hara in Fl. E. Him. 3: ; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nep. 3: Viola aspera Gingins in DC., l.c. 295 (1824); V. buchaneana DC. ex D. Don., Prodr. Fl. Nep V. confusa Champ. ex Benth. in Hook. in Kew Journ. 3: V. palmaris Hamilt. ex DC., l.c. 298 (1824). V. serpens Wall. ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: ; V. serpens var. glabra Hook. f. et Thoms, in Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 184 (1872), excl. syn. Hook. f. & Thorns. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: Bunufsha, Ghatte ghans. PH. Common V. placida W. Beck. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36: (Not recorded in Kew list). Herb V. sikkimensis W. Becker, Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt : Viola hookeri ex Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 183 (1872), p.p. W. Becker in Beih. B. Centralbl. 34(2): 259 (1916). PH V. thomsonii Oudemans in Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi. 3: ). PH V. wallichiana Ging. ex DC.; Prodr. 1: V. reniformis Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 2: 451 (1824); V. biflora L. sensu Hook. f. et Thorns, in Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 182 (1872), p.p. PH VITACEAE Juss., Gen. Pl.: Aug 1789, nom. cons. (Grape family). Genus: 7; Species: Ampelocissus Planch A. barbata (Wall.) Planch., Monogr. Phan. 5: Vitis barbata Wall., Fl. Ind., ed : ; Lawson in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: ; Gamble Jarila-lahari. SC. Less common A. latifolia (Roxburgh) J. É. Planchon, J. Vigne Am. 1884: 374 (1884); in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 370 (1887). Ampelopsis lalifolia (Roxb.) Tausch; Flora 21(2): 738 (1838); Vitis glabrata D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep V. latifolia Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: Heyn in Roth, Nova, Sp ; Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or ; DC., Prodr. 1: ; Brandis, For. Fl ; Lawson in Hook. f., Brit. Ind. 1: ; Talbot, For. Fl. Bomb Pres, 1:315, 1911: Bamber, Punj. Pl ; Parker, For. Fl. Punj. ed ; Cooke, Fl. Bomb. Pres. (rep. ed.) Jungle grapewine; Jangli Angur; Dhamadu; Pureni. Herbaceous climber A. rugosa (Wall.) Planch., J. Vigne Am. 1884: 374 (1884); in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 376 (1887). Vitis lanata var. rugosa (Wall.) M. A. Lawson, Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 651 (1875). A. nervosa (M. A.

103 Lawson) Planch., in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 372 (1887). Climber A. sikkimensis (M. A. Lawson) Planch., in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: Vitis sikkimensis M. A. Lawson in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: Pureni. SC. Endemic. Common Cayratia (Baker) Suess C. geniculata (Blume) Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: Cissus geniculata Blume, Bijdr ; Columella geniculata (Blume) Merrill. Climber C. japonica (Thunbergh) Gagnepien in Lecomete, Notul. Syst. (Paris) Vine. Less common C. pedata (Lam.) Gagnep. Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: Cissus pedata Lamarck, Encycl. 1: ; Cayratia longzhouensis W. T. Wang; Columella pedata Loureiro; Lagenula pedata Loureiro; Vitis pedata (Lam.) Wallich ex Wight, Cat (Gamble s list). Tungrootrikup. Climber C. trifolia (L.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: Vitis carnosa (Lam.) Wall. Numer. List 206: (Gamble s list); Vitis trifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: Jarila-lara; Takbli-rik. Climber. Sparse Cissus L C. adnata (Roxb.) Wall., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: Vitis adnata (Roxb.) Wall., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: (Gamble s list); Vitis vitiginea var. adnata (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: Panilara; Kungchen-rik. Climber C. assamica (M. A. Lawson) Craib, Kew Bull. 1911: Vitis assamica M. A. Lawson in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: Climber. Less common C. elongata Roxb., Fl. India 1: Cayratia elongata (Roxb.) Suess., Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2 20d: ; Vitis elongata (Roxb.) Wall. ex M.A. Lawson, prev. in Numer. List 6016, 1831 (Gamble s list). Charcharey lahara. Climber C. javana DC., Prodr. 1: Cissus discolor Blume, Catalogus ; Vitis discolor (Blume) Dalzell, Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: Sanu Pureni. Climber. Common C. quadrangularis L., Syst. Nat. (ed. 12),. 2: Cissus edulis Dalz. in Hook., Lond. Jour. Bot. 9: Vitis quadrangularis (L.) Wall. ex W. & Arn., Prod. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or Brandis, For. Fl ; Lawson in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: Harhjorha. PC C. repanda var repanda (Wight & Arn.) Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: Vitis rosea, V. pallida Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: ; V. repanda (Vahl) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: (Gamble s list). Wavy-leaved Cissus; Pani lahara, Vhym-rik C. repens Lam., Encycl. 1: Vitis repens (Lam.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or. 125 (1834). Cissus cordata Roxburgh; C. glauca Roxburgh; C. repens var. sinensis Handel-Mazzetti; Vitis repens (Lamarck) Wight & Arnott. Charchare laharo, Pureni. Climber C. spectabilis Hochst. ex Planch., Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 5(2): 609, in obs Vitis spectabilis Kurz. Shrub. Endemic. Rare. Endangered C. vitiginea L., Sp. Pl Vitis linnaei Wall. ex Wight & Arn., Prodr ; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: SC Leea D.Royen ex L L. aequata L., Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: ; Mant. Pl Leea hirta Roxburgh ex Hornemann, Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1: (Gamble s list); L. hispida Gagnepain; L. kurzii C. B. Clarke. Galena, Kak nasika, Mangú pantu-kúng. Shrub L. alata Edgew., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20(1): ; Gamble Lal galeni; Tsemangri; Kantóm-nok. Shrub L. asiatica (L.) Ridsdale in Manilal, Bot. Hist. Hort. Malab Phytolacca asiatica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: ; Leea aspera Wall. [in Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, 2: 468 (1824), nom. nud., ad nota] ex Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 36 (1846)- C.B. Clarke in Journ. Bot. 19: 136 (1881); L. crispa Royen ex L., Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: ; Mant. Pl ; Gamble 1878; L. edgeworthii Santapau; L. herbacea Buchanan-Hamilton ex C. B. Clarke: Fl. E. Himal. 200 (1966); 2: 78 (1971), p.p.; L. pumila Kurz. Banchalita, Padari/ Guithe Padari, Phekri Galeni, Goraa, Pantóm. Shrub or small tree. Common L. compactiflora Kurz, J. As. S. Beng. 42(2): 65 (1873). Leea bracteata C. B. Clarke; L. trifoliata M. A. Lawson. Shrub. Less common L. guineensis G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1: 712 (1831). Leea laeta Wall. ex Kurz. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 42(2): (Gamble s list); Leea manillensis Walpers. Lal galeni, Pantóm. Shrub or small tree. Common L. indica (Burm. f.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. B. 14: Staphylea indica N. L. Myanmarn, Fl. Indica, ; Aquilicia sambucina Linnaeus, nom. illeg. superfl.; L. gigantea Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: (Gamble s list); L. sambucina (L.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 1(2): (Gamble s list); L. sumatrana Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 1(2): (Gamble s list); L. umbraculifera C. B. Clarke. Indian Leea; Galeni, Kukur jibre, Pantóm, Sirispanterr-kúng. Shrub. Rare L. macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem., H. Hafn. 1: ; Gamble Leea aspera Wallich ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: ; L. robusta Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed : (Gamble s list). Bulyettra, Dampantóm-kúng, Galeni, Galoni, Pantóm. Shrub Parthenocissus Planch P. semicordata (Wall.) Planch. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: P. himalayana (Royle) Planch. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: ; Vitis himalayana (Royle) Brandis, Forest fl. N.W. India (Gamble s list); Vitis semicordata Wall., Fl. Ind., ed : Bara churcheri; Hlotagbret. SC. Common Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch.

104 T. angustifolia (Roxb.) Deb. Fl. Tripura State 1: T. angustifolium (Roxb.) Planch. Monogr. Phan. 5: Vitis angustifolia (Roxb.) Wall. HC. Common T. bracteolatum (Wall.) Planch. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: Vitis bracteolata Wall., Fl. Ind., ed : (Gamble s list). Monjam Hei, Tundor-rik. SC. Common T. campylocarpum (Kurz) Planchon in A. Candolle & C. Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 5: Vitis campylocarpa Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 41: Liana. Common T. corymbosum D.G.Long in Edinburgh J. Bot. 47(3): (Unresolved). Large climber T. dubium (M. A. Lawson) Planch., in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 437 (1887). Vitis rumicisperma Laws. Vitis dubia Lawson. Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: [Feb 1875]. Chyar chyare laharo. SC. Less common T. hookeri (M.A. Lawson) Planch, Monogr. Phan. 5: Vitis hookeri M.A. Lawson, Fl. Brit. India 1: Large climber T. lanceolarium (Roxb.) Planch. Monogr. Phan. 5: Suessenguth in Engl. et Pranti, Pn.-fam. 2 Aufl, 20d: 322, fig. 95 (1953). Cissus laweolaria Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, 1: 430 (1820); T. dubium (Laws.) Planch, sensu Momiyama in Fl, E. Himal. 200 (1966); Vitis lanceolaria (Roxb.) Wall. Numer. List 206: (Gamble s list). Tukbret-rik. Large climber T. leucostaphyllum (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb. Taxon 26: Climber. Less common T. obtectum (Wall. ex M. A. Lawson) Planch. ex Franch.; Bull. S. B. Fr. 33: 458 (1886); in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: 434 (1887). SC. Very common T. planicaule (Hook.f.) Gagnep. Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: Vitis planicaulis J. D. Hooker, Bot. Mag. 94: t Liana. Less common. Endangered T. rumicispermum (M. A. Lawson) Planch., in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: Vitis rumicisperma M.A. Lawson, Fl. Brit. India 1(3): (Gamble s list). Tungroot-rik, Thulocharchare, Toludorrik. SC T. serrulatum (Roxb.) Planch., in DC., Monogr. Phan. 5: Cissus capriolata (D. Don) Royle, Ill. B. Him. 149, t. 26, f ; Cissus napaulensis DC., Prodr. 1: Tetrastigma affine (Gagnep. ex Osmaston) Raiz & Saxena, ; Ind. For. 92: 325 (1966). Tetrastigma indicum M. Maulik; Bull. B. Surv. Ind. 13(3-4): 352, f. (1971). Vitis affinis Gagnep. ex Osmaston; For. Fl. Kumaon 119 (1927). Vitis capriolata D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep (Gamble s list). Churcheri. SC. Common. Photoplate. 1. Antidesma bunius 2. Antidesma montanum 3. Antigonon leptopus 4. Antirrhinum majus 5. Aphanamixis polystachya 6. Apium graveolens 7. Aponogeton lakhonensis 8. Aporosa cardiosperma 9. Aporosa octandra 10. Aquilaria malaccensis 11. Aralia armata 12. Aralia cachemirica 13. Aralia foliolosa 14. Aralia leschenaultii 15. Arbutus unedo T. thomsonianum Planchon in DC., Monog. Phan. 5: (Unresolved). Climber Vitis L V. glauca Wall., Numer. List (Unresolved); Gamble V. glauca Cordem., Fl. Réunion ; V. glauca (Roxb.) Wight & Arn., Cat. Ind. Pl Pureni, Kungchen-rik. Lianas V. heyneana Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 5: Vitis lanata Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1820, 2: (Gamble s list) var. glabra Lawson. Jarilalara; Mikrum-rik. SC. Less common V. vinifera L. Sp. Pl. 1: ; Gamble Lianas. CONCLUSION The new records in this checklist supports the observation by Das (2004) that the process of evolution is still active in this part of the Himalayas. Hence, periodical explorations are to be conducted at all levels, academic or administrative, so that the unknown species, hidden in the niches not yet covered in the study region, are discovered and fill our knowledge gap.