Encyclopedia of Plants and flowers

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oblong, crinkly-edged leaflets. In summer P PACHYSANDRA Flower forms
bears widely funnel-shaped, steel-blue Unless stated otherwise, peonies described
flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, with darker PACHYCEREUS BUXACEAE below flower between late spring and early
veins. Z8–9 H9–8. to mid-summer and have large, alternate
O. perdicaria, illus. p.371. CACTACEAE Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials leaves divided into oval to lance-shaped or
O. purpurata var. bowiei. See O. and subshrubs, grown for their tufted linear leaflets. Flowers are single,
bowiei. Genus of slow-growing, columnar, foliage. Is useful for groundcover. Tolerates semidouble, double or anemone-form.
O. spiralis subsp. vulcanicola, syn. perennial cacti, branching with age. dense shade and grows in any but very Single—flowers are mostly cup-shaped,
O. vulcanicola. Evergreen subshrub. H and The funnel-shaped flowers are unlikely dry soil. Propagate by division in spring. with 1 or 2 rows of large, often lightly
S 12in (30cm). Succulent red stems bear to appear in cultivation as they are P. axillaris. Evergreen, mat-forming ruffled, incurving petals and a conspicuous
clover-like, 3-lobed leaves in shades of produced only on plants over 10ft (3m) subshrub. H 8in (20cm), S 10in (25cm). central boss of stamens.
reddish-yellow to dark or mid-green. high. Requires sun and well-drained Stems are each crowned by 3–6 oval, Semidouble—flowers are similar to single
Widely funnel-shaped, yellow flowers, 5/8in soil. Propagate by seed in spring toothed, leathery leaves. Produces small, ones, but have 2 or 3 rows of petals.
(1.5cm) across, are borne in clusters from or summer. white flowers in erect spikes in late spring. Double—flowers are rounded, usually
spring to fall. Is often used in summer P. marginatus, syn. Lemaireocereus P. terminalis, illus. p.375. ‘Variegata’ composed of 1 or 2 outer rows of large,
bedding or in a hanging basket. marginatus, Marginatocereus marginatus, is an evergreen, creeping perennial. often lightly ruffled, incurving petals, the
O. tetraphylla, syn. O. deppei, illus. p.338. Stenocereus marginatus, illus. p.494. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Diamond- remaining petals being smaller, usually
O. vulcanicola. See O. spiralis subsp. P. pecten-aboriginum (Hairbrush shaped, cream-variegated leaves are becoming more densely arranged and
vulcanicola. cactus). Columnar, perennial cactus. clustered at stem tips. In early summer diminishing in size toward the center.
H 35ft (11m), S 10ft (3m). Dark green bears spikes of tiny, white flowers, Stamens are few, inconspicuous or absent.
OXYDENDRUM stems bear 9–11 deep ribs. Each areole sometimes flushed purple. Anemone-form (Imperial or Japanese)—
has 8 radial spines, 1/2in (1cm) long, and flowers usually have 1 or 2 rows of broad,
ERICACEAE longer central spines. Red-based, dark PACHYSTACHYS incurving, outer petals; the center of the
brown spines fade to gray. Z13–15 flower is often filled entirely with numerous
Genus of one species of deciduous tree, H12–10. ACANTHACEAE densely arranged, sometimes deeply cut,
grown for its flowers and fall color. Needs P. pringlei, illus. p.483. narrow petaloids derived from stamens.
an open position in sun or partial shade P. schottii, syn. Lophocereus schottii, Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs,
and moist, acid soil. Propagate by softwood illus. p.493. ‘Monstrosus’ is a columnar, grown for their flowers. Needs partial P. ‘Alice Harding’. Clump-forming P
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. perennial cactus. H 22ft (7m), S 6ft (2m). shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Water perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Bears very
O. arboreum, illus. p.76. Irregular, olive- to dark green stems container plants freely when in full growth, large, fragrant, double, creamy-white 649
have 4–15 ribs and no spines. Has moderately at other times. Cut back flowers. Z3–8 H8–1.
Oxypetalum caeruleum. See Tweedia funnel-shaped, pink flowers, 11⁄4in (3cm) flowered stems in late winter to maintain P. ‘America’, illus. p.229. Clump-forming
caerulea. wide, at night in summer. Z13–15 a bushy habit. Propagate by greenwood perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has large,
H12–10. cuttings in early summer. Whitefly and single flowers with very broad, crimson
OZOTHAMNUS red spider mite may cause problems. petals, lightly ruffled at edges. Z3–8 H8–1.
PACHYPHRAGMA P. cardinalis. See P. coccinea. P. ‘Argosy’. Deciduous, upright shrub
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE P. coccinea, syn. P. cardinalis, Jacobinia (tree peony). H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Large,
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE coccinea, Justicia coccinea (Cardinal’s single, lemon-yellow flowers have crimson-
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering guard). Evergreen, erect, robust shrub. purple blotch at base. Is hard to propagate.
shrubs, grown for their foliage and small, Genus of perennials with rosettes of basal H 4–6ft (1.2–2m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m) to Z3–8 H8–1.
densely clustered flower heads. Requires leaves, often grown as groundcover under flower well. Leaves are oval and deep P. arietina. See P. mascula subsp. arietina.
full sun and well-drained soil. Propagate shrubs. Needs sun or partial shade and green. Has tubular, bright red flowers in P. ‘Auguste Dessert’. Clump-forming
by semiripe cuttings in summer. moist soil. Propagate by division or stem tight, green-bracted spikes, 6in (15cm) perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm). Has
O. coralloides, syn. Helichrysum cuttings in late spring, or by seed in fall. long, in winter. Z13–15 H12–10. masses of fragrant, semidouble flowers;
coralloides, illus. p.347. P. macrophyllum, syn. Thlaspi P. lutea, illus. p.459. carmine petals are tinged salmon-pink and
O. ledifolius, syn. Helichrysum ledifolium, macrophyllum, illus. p.255. have slightly ruffled, silvery-white edges.
illus. p.151. Pachystima. See Paxistima. Foliage provides rich fall color. Z3–8 H8–1.
O. rosmarinifolius, syn. Helichrysum PACHYPHYTUM P. ‘Avant Garde’. Clump-forming
rosmarinifolium. Evergreen, upright, dense x PACHYVERIA perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has luxuriant
shrub. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has CRASSULACEAE foliage. Medium-sized to large, fragrant,
rosemary-like, linear, dark green leaves, CRASSULACEAE single flowers are pale rose-pink with
woolly beneath, the margins curved under. Genus of rosetted, perennial succulents, darker veins and bright golden anthers that
Clusters of fragrant, white flower heads closely related to Echeveria, with which Hybrid genus (Echeveria x Pachyphytum) have yellow-red filaments. Flowers are
are produced in early summer. Z8–9 H9–8. it hybridizes. Needs sun and well-drained of clump-forming, rosetted, perennial borne on stiff, straight stems in mid-spring
O. selago, syn. Helichrysum selago, illus. soil. Propagate by seed in spring or by succulents, sometimes almost stemless. and are ideal for cutting. Z3–8 H8–1.
p.347. leaf or stem cuttings in spring or summer. Requires full sun or partial shade and very P. ‘Ballerina’. Clump-forming perennial.
P. compactum, illus. p.491. well-drained soil. Propagate by leaf or stem H and S 3ft (1m). Fragrant, double flowers
P. oviferum, illus. p.490. cuttings in spring or summer. are soft blush-pink, tinged lilac at first, later
x P. glauca, illus. p.490. fading to white. Outer rows of petals are
PACHYPODIUM loosely arranged, very broad and
PAEONIA incurving; inner petals are also incurving,
APOCYNACEAE but more densely arranged, narrower,
Peony more uneven in size and often have slightly
Genus of bushy or treelike, perennial ruffled margins. Foliage provides fall color.
succulents, mostly with swollen stems, PAEONIACEAE Z3–8 H8–1.
closely related to Adenium, except that P. ‘Baroness Schroeder’. Vigorous,
most species have spines. Requires full Genus of late spring-flowering perennials clump-forming perennial. H and S to 3ft
sun and very well-drained soil. May be and deciduous shrubs (“tree peonies”), (1m). Is very free-flowering with large,
very difficult to grow. Propagate by seed grown for their bold foliage, showy blooms fragrant, globe-shaped, double flowers,
in spring or summer. and, in some species, colorful seed pods. tinged with pale flesh-pink on opening but
P. lamerei, illus. p.494. Young growth (especially on tree peonies) fading to almost pure white. Produces
P. succulentum. Treelike, perennial may be damaged by late spring frosts. several rows of nearly flat, outer petals;
succulent. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Prefers sun (but tolerates partial shade) and inner petals are incurving, ruffled and very
Swollen trunk, 6in (15cm) across, has rich, well-drained soil. Tall and very large- tightly arranged. Is one of the best peonies
narrow, vertical, green to gray-brown flowered cultivars need support. Propagate for cutting. Z3–8 H8–1.
stems. Trumpet-shaped, pink-crimson all species by seed in fall (may take up to P. ‘Barrymore’. Clump-forming
flowers, 3/4in (2cm) across, are borne 3 years to germinate), tuberous species by perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm). Has very
near stem tips in summer. Z14–15 root cuttings in winter, tree peonies by large, anemone-form flowers with broad,
H12–10. semiripe cuttings in late summer or by outer petals that are palest blush-pink on
grafting in winter. Perennials may also be
propagated by division in fall or early

spring. Is prone to peony wilt. T All parts

can cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
See also feature panel pp.228–9.

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P opening, later white. Clear pale golden- flowering hybrid between an herbaceous carmine-pink flowers, with darker red plants. Petals are broad, incurving, soft
yellow petaloids are very narrow, relatively perennial and a tree peony. H 24–32in centers. Petals are ruffled, very numerous blush-pink, fading to milk-white. Single or
650 short and are neatly and densely arranged. (60–80cm), S 24in (60cm). Bears large, and tightly arranged, with edges semidouble axillary flowers are often
Z3–8 H8–1. scented, semidouble, white flowers; each sometimes tipped silvery-white. Z3–8 H8–1. produced. Foliage provides fall color. Z3–8
P. ‘Bartzella’, illus. p.229. Clump-forming, petal has purplish blotch at base. P. ‘Festiva Maxima’, illus. p.228. Clump- H8–1.
free-flowering hybrid between an P. ‘Cornelia Shaylor’. Erect, clump- forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has P. ‘Knighthood’, illus. p.229. Clump-
herbaceous perennial and a tree peony. forming perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm). dense, spreading foliage and huge, forming perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm).
H and S 3ft (90cm). In early summer bears Fragrant, double flowers, flushed rose-pink fragrant, double flowers borne on strong Double flowers have densely arranged,
large, scented, double, lemon-yellow on opening and fading to blush-white, are stems. Rather loosely arranged petals are rather narrow, ruffled petals of unusually
flowers, marked with red. borne freely from early to mid-summer. large with irregular margins; outer petals rich burgundy-red. Z3–8 H8–1.
P. ‘Bowl of Beauty’, illus. p.228. Clump- Ruffled petals are neatly and densely are pure white, inner ones each have P. ‘Krinkled White’. Robust, clump-
forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has arranged. Z3–8 H8–1. crimson, basal blotch. Z3–8 H8–1. forming perennial. H and S to 32in (80cm).
very large, anemone-form flowers with P. ‘Dayspring’. Clump-forming perennial. P. ‘Flamingo’. Clump-forming perennial. Large, bowl-shaped, single, milk-white
pale carmine-pink, outer petals and H and S to 28in (70cm). Has an abundance H and S to 34in (85cm). Double flowers are flowers are sometimes flushed palest pink.
numerous narrow, densely arranged, ivory- of fragrant, single, clear pink flowers borne large and clear pale salmon-pink. Foliage Petals are large with ruffled margins.
white petaloids. Z3–8 H8–1. in trusses. Z3–8 H8–1. provides fall color. Z3–8 H8–1. Z3–8 H8–1.
P. ‘Buckeye Belle’, illus. p.229. Clump- P. decora. See P. peregrina. P. ‘Garden Treasure’, illus. p.229. P. ‘L’Espérance’, syn. P. x lemoinei
forming perennial. H and S 3ft (90cm). Has P. ‘Defender’. Vigorous, clump-forming Clump-forming, free-flowering hybrid ‘L’Espérance’, illus. p.229. Deciduous,
red-tinged, mid-green leaves and perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Single, between an herbaceous perennial and upright shrub (tree peony). H and S to 5ft
semidouble, dark red flowers with a mass satiny, crimson flowers, to 6in (15cm) a tree peony. H and S 28–32in (70–80cm). (1.5m). Has very large, single, primrose-
of central, golden staminodes. Z3–8 H8–1. across, with central boss of golden anthers, Has large, semidouble, bright yellow yellow flowers with carmine blotch at base
P. ‘Callie’s Memory’. Clump-forming, are borne on strong stems. Z3–8 H8–1. flowers. of each petal. Z3–8 H8–1.
free-flowering hybrid between an P. delavayi, illus. p.136. var. angustiloba P. ‘Globe of Light’. Clump-forming P. lactiflora (Common garden peony).
herbaceous perennial and a tree peony. is a deciduous, upright, open, suckering perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has large, Variable, clump-forming perennial.
H 24–28in (60–80cm), S 24in (60cm). shrub or subshrub (tree peony). H to 3ft fragrant, anemone-form flowers. Outer H 28–48in (70–120cm), S 28–39in
Produces large, scented, double, dark- (1m), S 4ft (1.2m). Leaves are divided into petals are pure rose-pink, petaloids clear (70–100cm). Bronze or reddish-brown
centered, cream flowers marked red-pink pointed, oval leaflets, often with reddish golden-yellow. Z3–8 H8–1. stems bear dark green leaves divided
at the edges and base. stalks. Produces small, bowl-shaped, red, P. ‘Heirloom’. Compact, clump-forming into 9 lance-shaped leaflets. In late spring
P. cambessedesii (Majorcan peony), illus. red-purple, yellow, orange or white perennial. H and S to 28in (70cm). Bears or early summer, 1–3 scented, bowl-
p.228. Clump-forming perennial. H and flowers, 2–21⁄2in (5–6cm) across, with masses of large, fragrant, double, pale lilac- shaped, white flowers are borne on each
S 18in (45cm). Has dark green leaves with conspicuous, leafy bracts beneath, in late pink flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. stem. Is more often represented in garden
veins, stalks and under-surfaces suffused spring. var. angustiloba f. alba, syn. P. ‘Instituteur Doriat’. Clump-forming by named selections, most of which are
purple-red. Single, deep rose-pink flowers P. potaninii f. alba has white flowers. var. perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has hybrids. Z3–8 H8–1.
are borne in mid-spring. Z3–8 H8–1. angustiloba f. angustifolia, syn. abundant, large, anemone-form flowers, P. ‘Lady Alexandra Duff’, illus. p.228.
P. ‘Cheddar Cheese’. Clump-forming P. potaninii produces dark red, red or with reddish-carmine, outer petals and Clump-forming perennial. H and S 36in
perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Produces reddish-purple flowers. var. angustiloba densely arranged, relatively broad (90cm). Bronze or reddish-brown stems
well-formed, large, double flowers in mid- f. trollioides, syn. P. potaninii var. petaloids, paler and more pink than outer bear dark green leaves divided into leaflets.
summer. Neatly and densely arranged, trollioides, P. trollioides has yellow or petals, with ruffled, silvery-white margins. In late spring or early summer produces
slightly ruffled, ivory-white petals, the orange flowers. var. delavayi f. delavayi Foliage provides fall color. Z3–8 H8–1. large, scented, double flowers, with soft
inner ones incurving, are interspersed with has dark red to purplish flowers. var. P. ‘Jan van Leeuwen’, illus. p.228. pink outer petals and smaller, white
shorter, yellow petals. Z3–8 H8–1. delavayi f. lutea, syn. P. lutea has orange, Clump-forming perennial, H 36in (90cm), inner ones. Flowers fade white in sun.
P. ‘Cheddar Gold’, illus. p.228. Clump- yellow or greenish-yellow flowers, S 28in (70cm). Bronze or reddish-brown Z3–8 H8–1.
forming perennial, H and S 28–32in sometimes red at the bases or on the petal stems bear dark green leaves divided into P. ‘Laura Dessert’, illus. p.229. Clump-
(70–80cm). Bronze or reddish-brown stems margins. var. ludlowii. See P. ludlowii. leaflets. In late spring or early summer forming perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm).
bear dark green leaves divided into 9 lance- P. ‘Dresden’. Robust, clump-forming produces scented, white, bowl-shaped Produces fragrant, double flowers with
shaped leaflets. In late spring or early perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm). Has flowers, with large, floppy petals and creamy blush-white, outer petals. Densely
summer produces strongly scented flowers, single, ivory-white flowers tinged soft yellow staminodes. arranged, incurving, inner petals are
with rounded, white petals surrounding blush-rose-pink. Foliage provides fall color. P. japonica, illus. p.228. Compact, clump- flushed rich lemon-yellow, and their
central boss of golden staminodes. Z3–8 H8–1. P. ‘Duchesse de Nemours’, forming perennial. H 12–16in (30–40cm), margins are sometimes deeply cut.
P. ‘Chocolate Soldier’. Clump-forming syn. P. ‘Mrs. Gwyn Lewis’. Vigorous, S 8in (20cm). In early spring produces pink- Z3–8 H8–1.
perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has mid- to clump-forming perennial. H and S to 28in tinged stems bearing soft green leaves with P. x lemoinei (P. suffruticosa and P. lutea).
dark green leaves that are often tinged (70cm). Produces masses of richly fragrant, 7–9 rounded leaflets. Produces short-lived, Variable, deciduous, upright, open shrub.
bronze-red when young. Semidouble, double flowers with very large, incurving, cup-shaped, single, white flowers; after H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft (1m). Bears bold,
purple-red flowers, borne in early summer, outer petals, tinged palest green at first, flowering, leaves continue to develop and mid-green leaves divided into pointed
have yellow-mottled centers. Z3–8 H8–1. soon fading to pure white; inner petals with turn to green. Z3–8 H8–1. leaflets. In early summer produces large,
P. ‘Claire de Lune’, illus. p.229. Clump- irregular margins are densely arranged P. ‘Kelway’s Fairy Queen’, illus. p.228. bowl-shaped, often double flowers in a
forming perennial. H and S 28–32in toward center and are creamy-yellow at Compact, clump-forming perennial. H and range of colors, notably yellow. Z3–8 H8–1.
(70–80cm). In mid-spring, single, pale base. Z3–8 H8–1. S 28–32in (70–80cm). Bronze-brown stems ‘High Noon’ (illus. p.229), H and S 4½ft
yellow flowers, each with central boss of P. ‘Early Windflower’. Clump-forming bear dark green leaves divided into lance- (1.3m), has semidouble, bright yellow
golden staminodes, are borne in pairs. perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 20in (50cm). shaped leaflets. In late spring to early flowers, often marked with crimson toward
Z3–8 H8–1. Has bronze-tinged, mid-green leaves. summer bears bowl-shaped, semidouble, center. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘L’Espérance’. See
P. ‘Colonel Heneage’. Clump-forming Produces pendent, cup-shaped, single, soft pink flowers, with deeper outer petals P. ‘L’Espérance’.
perennial of upright habit. H and S to 34in pure white flowers. and golden staminodes. P. lobata. See P. peregrina.
( 85cm). Has masses of anemone-form P. emodi (Himalayan peony), illus. p.228. P. ‘Kelway’s Gorgeous’, illus. p.229. P. ludlowii, syn. P. delavayi var. ludlowii,
flowers with both outer petals and inner Clump-forming perennial. H to 4ft (1.2m), Clump-forming perennial. H and S to 34in P. lutea var. ludlowii, illus. p.229. Deciduous,
petaloids of dark rose-crimson. Z3–8 H8–1. S to 3ft (1m). Glossy, green foliage is topped (85cm). Single, intense clear carmine upright, slightly suckering shrub. H to 11ft
P. ‘Coral Charm’, illus. p.228. Clump- by tall stems bearing several large, flowers, with a hint of salmon-pink, are (3.5m), S to 5ft (1.5m). Leaves are divided
forming perennial. H and S 28in (70cm). fragrant, single, pure white flowers, with borne very freely. Z3–8 H8–1. into sharply pointed, bright green leaflets.
Bears semidouble, peach-pink flowers golden-yellow anthers. Z6–8 H8–6. P. ‘Kelway’s Majestic’. Clump-forming Produces large, bright yellow flowers, to
opening from darker buds. Z3–8 H8–1. P. ‘Evening World’. Clump-forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Freely borne, 5in (12cm) across, in late spring. Z3–8 H8–1.
P. ‘Coral Fay’. Clump-forming perennial perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has large, fragrant, anemone-form flowers P. lutea. See P. delavayi var. delavayi f.
forming a rather spreading dome. H and abundant, large, anemone-form flowers have bright cherry rose-pink, outer petals lutea. var. ludlowii. See P. ludlowii.
S 32–36in (80–90cm). Semidouble, pink- with soft blush-pink, outer petals and very and lilac-pink petaloids flecked with silver P. ‘Madame Louis Henri’. Deciduous,
tinged, rich crimson flowers are paler tightly arranged, pale flesh-pink petaloids. or pale gold. Z3–8 H8–1. upright shrub (tree peony). H and S to 5ft
toward petal bases; stamens are golden- Z3–8 H8–1. P. ‘Kelway’s Supreme’. Clump-forming (1.5m). Has loosely semidouble, whitish-
yellow. P. ‘Félix Crousse’, syn. P. ‘Victor Hugo’, perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has large, yellow flowers with large, incurving, outer
P. corallina. See P. mascula subsp. illus. p.229. Vigorous, clump-forming strongly fragrant, double flowers, petals very heavily suffused with rusty-red.
mascula. perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm). Bears produced over a long period, sometimes Smaller, often darker, inner petals each
P. ‘Cora Louise’. Clump-forming, free- a profusion of fragrant, double, rich borne in clusters on well-established have basal, dull red blotch. Z3–8 H8–1.

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P. ‘Magic Orb’, illus. p.229. Clump- Between late spring and early summer light green leaves that are fringed and single, pale primrose-yellow flowers, each
forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). bears double, soft pastel-pink flowers, twisted. ‘Hakuo-jisi’ (illus. p.228), H and with large, central boss of yellow anthers
Bears masses of large, strongly fragrant, slightly richer at petal tips. Z3–8 H8–1. S 5ft (1.5m) or more, is strong growing and on purple-red filaments. Leaves are divided
double flowers, each with several outer P. potaninii. See P. delavayi var. bears large, double, white flowers in early into broadly oval leaflets, shiny dark green
whorls of fairly broad, ruffled, intense angustiloba f. angustifolia. f. alba. See summer; petals are finely marked with above, paler beneath. Z3–8 H8–1.
cherry-pink petals and center of densely P. delavayi var. angustiloba f. alba. var. purple at base. ‘Hana-daijin’
arranged, smaller, incurving petals. trollioides. See P. delavayi var. (‘Magnificent Flower’), H and S 6ft (2m) or PALIURUS
Outermost rows of central petals are blush- angustiloba f. trollioides. more, is a vigorous cultivar that bears
white, heavily shaded with mid-rose- P. ‘Président Poincaré’. Clump-forming masses of double, purple flowers. Z3–8 RHAMNACEAE
carmine; the innermost petals are mostly perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Fragrant, H8–1. ‘Hana-kisoi’ (‘Floral Rivalry’; illus.
creamy-white. Foliage provides fall color. double, clear rich ruby-crimson flowers are p.228) has double, pale cerise-pink flowers. Genus of deciduous, spiny, summer-
Z3–8 H8–1. borne very freely. Foliage provides fall ‘Kamada-nishiki’ (‘Kamada Brocade’), flowering shrubs and trees, grown for
P. mascula subsp. arietina, syn. color. Z3–8 H8–1. H and S to 4ft (1.2m), produces large, their foliage and flowers. P. spina-christi
P. arietina Tuberous perennial. H and S to P. ‘Red Charm’. Clump-forming double flowers, to 8in (20cm) across, that is also grown for its religious association,
30in (75cm). Foliage is hairy underneath perennial with rather spreading dome. are lilac-pink striped white at petal reputedly being the plant from which
and dark green; stems are dark red. Has H and S 32in (80cm). Bears large, double, margins. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Quing Long Wo Christ’s crown of thorns was made.
single, reddish-pink flowers. Seed capsules rich red flowers. Is good for cut flowers. Mo Chi’, H and S 10ft (3m), has large, Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
with 2–5 boat-shaped sections split to P. rockii, syn. P. suffruticosa subsp. rockii. scented, semidouble, dark purple flowers, Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
reveal purplish-black seeds. Z3–8 H8–1. Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S to 7ft with petals marked green toward base. or by seed in fall.
subsp. mascula, syn. P. corallina, H and (2.2m). Produces large, spreading, Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Reine Elizabeth’, H and S to P. spina-christi, illus. p.116.
S to 3ft (1m), is clump-forming and has semidouble, white flowers; inner petals 6ft (2m), has large, fully double flowers
hairless leaflets. Produces purple- or each have basal, dark maroon blotch. Is with broad, salmon-pink petals, flushed PAMIANTHE
carmine-red, occasionally pink or white difficult to propagate. Z3–8 H8–1. with bright copper-red and lightly ruffled
flowers, with bosses of golden-yellow P. ‘Sarah Bernhardt’, illus. p.228. at margins. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Renkaku’ (‘Flight AMARYLLIDACEAE
anthers borne on purple filaments. Vigorous, erect, clump-forming perennial. of Cranes’), H and S to 3ft (1m), bears
P. mlokosewitschii, illus. p.227. H and S to 3ft (1m). Bears masses of huge, double flowers, each with broad, incurving, Genus of one species of evergreen, spring-
P. ‘Mother of Pearl’. Clump-forming fragrant, fully double flowers, with large, slightly ruffled, ivory-white petals, loosely flowering bulb, grown for its large,
perennial. H to 30in (75cm), S to 24in ruffled, slightly dull rose-pink petals fading arranged in 3 or more whorls, that strongly fragrant, showy flowers. Needs
(60cm). Has grayish-green leaves and to silvery blush-white at margins. Z3–8 surround large boss of long, golden-yellow partial shade and rich, well-drained soil.
single, dog rose-pink flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. H8–1. anthers. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Rimpo’ (illus. p.229), Feed with high-potash liquid fertilizer in
P. ‘Mrs. Gwyn Lewis’. See P. ‘Duchesse P. ‘Shirley Temple’, illus. p.228. Clump- H and S 5ft (1.5m) or more, has large, summer. Reduce watering in winter but do
de Nemours’. forming perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm). scented, semidouble, dark mauve-purple not allow to dry out. Propagate by seed in
P. obovata var. alba, illus. p.228. Profuse, soft rose-pink flowers, fading to flowers with ruffled petals. subsp. rockii. spring or by offsets in late winter.
Clump-forming perennial. H and S 28–36in palest buff-white, are fully double, with See P. rockii. ‘Tama-fuyo’ (‘Jewel in the P. peruviana, illus. p.399.
(70–90cm). Has erect stems and large, deep broad petals arranged in whorls; innermost Lotus’) is vigorous and freely produces
green leaves, each with 9 uneven, broadly petals are smaller and more loosely packed. double, pink flowers earlier than most PANCRATIUM P
elliptic leaflets, pale gray-green and slightly Z3–8 H8–1. other cultivars. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Wu Long
hairy beneath. Bears single, cup-shaped, P. ‘Silver Flare’. Clump-forming Peng Sheng’, H and S 10ft (3m), has Sea lily
white flowers, with purple filaments. Z3–8 perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Stems are scented, rounded, double, magenta-red
H8–1. flushed dull reddish-brown. Produces flowers, with golden staminodes. Z3–8 AMARYLLIDACEAE
P. officinalis (Common peony). Clump- masses of fragrant, single flowers, with H8–1. ‘Yachiyo-tsubaki’ (illus. p.228),
forming, tuberous perennial. H and S to rather long, slender, rich carmine-pink H and S 5ft (1.5m) or more, produces Genus of bulbs, grown for their large,
24in (60cm). This single, red apothecaries’ petals, each feathering to silvery-white masses of semidouble, clear pink flowers. fragrant, daffodil-like flowers in summer.
peony has long been in cultivation, but is edge. Foliage provides fall color. Z3–8 H8–1. P. tenuifolia (Fernleaf poppy). Clump- Needs sun and well-drained soil that is
seldom seen today, having been superseded P. ‘Sir Edward Elgar’. Clump-forming forming perennial. H and S to 18in (45cm). warm and dry in summer when bulbs are
by larger, often double-flowered hybrids, perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm). Has Has single, dark crimson flowers, with dormant. Plant at least 6in (15cm) deep.
such as the following. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Alba masses of single, chocolate-brown-tinged, golden-yellow anthers. Deep green leaves, Feed with a high-potash liquid fertilizer
Plena’, H and S to 30in (75cm), has double, rich crimson flowers, with bosses of loosely pale and gray-green beneath, are finely every 2 weeks from fall to spring. Propagate
white flowers that are sometimes tinged arranged, clear lemon-yellow anthers. divided into pointed, linear segments. Z3–8 by seed in fall or by offsets in early fall.
with pink. ‘China Rose’, H and S to 18in Foliage provides fall color. Z3–8 H8–1. H8–1. P. illyricum, illus. p.408.
(45cm), has dark green foliage and single P. x smouthii. Clump-forming perennial. P. ‘Thunderbolt’, illus. p.229. Clump- P. maritimum (Sea daffodil). Late
flowers, with incurving, clear dark salmon- H and S to 24in (60cm). Produces masses forming perennial. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 28–32in summer-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm),
rose petals and orange-yellow anthers. of fragrant, single, glistening, dark crimson (70–80cm). In mid-spring has masses of S 10–12in (25–30cm). Has strap-shaped,
‘Crimson Globe’, H and S 28–34in flowers, with yellow stamens, although slightly pendent, single, deep red flowers, erect, grayish-green, basal leaves. Produces
(70–85cm), produces single, garnet-red both flowers and foliage may vary in color. often streaked dark purple. head of 5–12 white flowers, each with
flowers, with golden-yellow stamens. Z3–8 H8–1. P. trollioides. See P. delavayi var. large, deep cup in center and 6 spreading
‘Rubra Plena’ (illus. p.229), H and S to P. ‘Souvenir de Maxime Cornu’. angustiloba f. trollioides. petals. Is shy-flowering in cultivation.
30in (75cm), is long-lived and has leaves Deciduous, upright shrub (tree peony). P. veitchii, illus. p.229. Clump-forming Z8–11 H12–8.
divided into broadly oval leaflets, and H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Large, richly fragrant perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm). In early
double, vivid pinkish-crimson flowers, flowers are fully double with warm golden- summer produces nodding, cup-shaped, PANDANUS 651
with ruffled petals. yellow petals densely arranged toward single, purple-pink flowers. Glossy, bright
P. ‘Paul M. Wild’, illus. p.229. Clump- center; ruffled margins are dull reddish- green leaves are divided into oblong to Screw pine
forming perennial. H and S 36in (90cm). orange. Z3–8 H8–1. elliptic leaflets. Z3–8 H8–1.
Bronze-brown stems bear dark green P. suffruticosa (Moutan). Deciduous, P. ‘Victor Hugo’. See P. ‘Félix Crousse’. PANDANACEAE
leaves divided into 9 lance-shaped leaflets. upright shrub (tree peony). H and S to 7ft P. ‘White Wings’, illus. p.228. Clump-
In late spring or early summer produces (2.2m). Bears variable, large, cup-shaped forming perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm). Genus of evergreen trees, shrubs and
large, fully double, bowl-shaped, flowers, single or semidouble, with In mid-summer produces masses of large, scramblers, grown for their foliage and
ruby-red flowers. incurving, rose-pink or white petals, each fragrant, single flowers, with broad, white overall appearance. Flowers and fruits
P. peregrina, syn. P. decora, P. lobata. sometimes with usually chocolate-maroon, petals, sometimes tinged sulfur-yellow, that appear only on large, mature specimens.
Clump-forming, tuberous perennial. H and basal blotch. Has given rise to many are each slightly ruffled at tip. Glossy, dark Needs full light or partial shade and fertile,
S to 3ft (1m). Bears bowl-shaped, single, cultivars with semidouble and double green leaves provide fall color. Z3–8 H8–1. well-drained soil. Water container plants
ruby-red flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Otto flowers. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Cardinal Vaughan’ P. ‘Whitleyi Major’, illus. p.228. Clump- freely when in full growth, moderately at
Froebel’ (illus. p.229) has glossy, bright (illus. p.229) has semidouble, ruby-purple forming perennial. H to 3ft (1m), S to 2ft other times. Propagate by seed or suckers
green leaves and bears large, single, flowers. ‘Duchess of Marlborough’, (60cm). Large, single, ivory-white flowers in spring or by cuttings of lateral shoots in
vermilion flowers, tinged with salmon-rose. H and S 5ft (1.5m) or more, produces have satin sheen and central bosses of clear summer. Red spider mite may be
P. ‘Pillow Talk’, illus. p.228. Clump- semidouble, soft, warm pink flowers, with yellow anthers. Foliage and stems are troublesome.
forming perennial. H and S 28–32in feathery petals. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Godaishu’ flushed rich reddish-brown. Z3–8 H8–1. P. odoratissimus of gardens. See
(70–80cm). Bronze or reddish-stems bear (‘Large Globe’) bears semi- or fully double, P. wittmanniana. Clump-forming P. tectorius.
dark green leaves divided into leaflets. white flowers, with yellow centers, amid perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has large, P. tectorius, syn. P. odoratissimus (Thatch
screw pine). Evergreen, rounded tree. H to
20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m) or more. Has rosettes
of strap-shaped, deep green leaves, 3–5ft
(1–1.5m) long, with spiny margins and
spiny midrib beneath. Small flowers, the
males in clusters, each with a lance-shaped,

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white bract, are borne mainly in summer. fragrant, single, white-and-yellow flower, to 4in (10cm) wide, in shades of red, pink, produced in winter. Has oval leaves, 6in
Fruits are like round pineapples. Z14–15 sometimes marked green outside, in purple or white, are produced in summer. (15cm) long. Needs shade in summer. H11–6.
H12–10. ‘Veitchii’, syn. P. veitchii, illus. summer. Many color forms have been Z3–8 H8–1. Several double-flowered forms P. Maudiae gx, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
p.454. selected. Leaves are oval, toothed and soft are available, including Carnation- terrestrial orchid. H 4in (10cm). Solitary,
P. veitchii. See P. tectorius ‘Veitchii’. green. Needs partial shade. Is good for a flowered Series, with fringed flowers clear apple-green or deep reddish-purple
rock garden. Z2–7 H9–2. in mixed colors; Paeoniiflorum Group, flowers, 4in (10cm) across, appear on long
PANDOREA P. fauriei, syn. P. miyabeanum of gardens, illus. p.303. ‘Pink Beauty’, which has stems in spring or early summer. Has oval,
illus. p.373. salmon-pink flowers; and ‘White Cloud’, mottled leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Requires
BIGNONIACEAE P. ‘Fireball’, illus. p.238. Tuft-forming which produces large, white flowers. shade in summer. H11–6.
perennial, spreading by stolons. H 14in P. niveum. Evergreen, terrestrial orchid.
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, (35cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). Has elliptical, PAPHIOPEDILUM H 2in (5cm). Solitary, white flowers, 11/2in
twining climbers, grown for their flowers lobed, toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves. In (4cm) across, are produced mainly in spring.
and leaves. Needs sun and well-drained early summer, upright, rather wiry stems Slipper orchid Oval, marbled leaves are 3in (8cm) long.
soil. Prune after flowering to restrain produce large, solitary, double, bright Needs shade in summer. Z12–15 H12–6.
growth. Propagate by seed in spring or tangerine-orange flowers. Z4–9 H9–1. ORCHIDACEAE P. rothschildianum, illus. p.467.
by stem cuttings or layering in summer. P. ‘Medallion’, illus. p.238. Tuft-forming Evergreen, clump-forming, terrestrial
P. jasminoides, syn. Bignonia perennial, spreading by stolons. H 34in T Contact with foliage may aggravate skin orchid. H and S 20in (50cm). Spikes of 2–6
jasminoides, illus. p.459. (85cm), S 28–39in (70–100cm). Has elliptical, pouch-lipped, creamy-yellow flowers, with
P. lindleyana. See Clytostoma lobed, toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves. In allergies. See also ORCHIDS. maroon stripes, mahogany pouch and
callistegioides. early and late summer, numerous upright, P. appletonianum. Evergreen, elongated petals, to 51/2in (14cm) long, are
P. pandorana, syn. Tecoma australis, sturdy stems bear large, solitary, pinkish- terrestrial orchid. H 3in (8cm). In spring, produced in summer. Has strap-shaped,
Bignonia pandorana (Wonga wonga vine). purple flowers that last for several days. green flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across and mid-green leaves, to 24in (60cm) long.
Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed, P. miyabeanum of gardens. See P. fauriei. each with pouched, brownish lip and Needs shade in summer. H11–1.
twining climber. H 20ft (6m) or more. P. nudicaule of gardens. See P. croceum. pink-flushed petals, are borne singly P. sukhakulii. Evergreen, terrestrial
Leaves have 3–9 scalloped leaflets. Bears P. orientale (Oriental poppy). Rosetted on tall, slender stems. Has oval, mottled orchid. H 3in (8cm). In spring–summer,
small, funnel-shaped, cream flowers, perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1–3ft (30cm–1m). leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Needs shade in solitary, purple-pouched, black-spotted,
streaked and often spotted with red, brown Single, brilliant vermilion flowers, with summer. Z12–15 H12–6. green flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne
or purple, in clusters in summer. H12–8. dark blotches at bases of petals, are borne P. armeniacum, illus. p.467. Evergreen, on tall stems. Has oval, mottled leaves,
P. ricasoliana. See Podranea ricasoliana. in early summer. Has broadly lance- terrestrial orchid. H 20in (50cm), S 10in 4in (10cm) long. Needs shade in summer.
shaped, toothed or cut, rough, mid-green (25cm). In spring, pouch-lipped, bright Z12–15 H12–6.
PANICUM leaves. Flowering stems need support. yellow flowers, 21/2–41/2in (6–11cm) across, P. venustum. Evergreen, terrestrial
Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Allegro’, syn. P. orientale with red lines in centers, are borne singly orchid. H 4in (10cm). Solitary, variably
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ‘Allegro Viva’, H 24–30in (60–75cm), has on tall stem. Strap-shaped leaves, 21/2–16in colored flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across,
bright scarlet flowers. ‘Allegro Viva’. (6–15cm) long, marbled light and dark ranging from pink to orange with green
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, See P. orientale ‘Allegro’. ‘Beauty of green above, purple spotted beneath, are veins and darker spots, are borne in fall.
and SEDGES. Livermere’, illus. p.235. ‘Black and borne from creeping rhizome. Needs shade Has oval, mottled leaves, 4in (10cm) long.
P. capillare (Witch grass). Tuft-forming, White’ (illus. p.238) is vigorous and has in summer. Needs shade in summer. Z12–15 H12–6.
annual grass. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 1ft large, white flowers. var. bracteatum P. bellatulum, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
(30cm). Has broad leaves and hairy stems. (illus. p.238), H 4ft (1.2m), is a robust, terrestrial orchid. H 2in (5cm). Bears PARADISEA
Top half of each stem bears a dense panicle vigorous perennial with ruff of bract-like solitary, almost stemless, rounded, pouch-
leaves held below large, deeply cupped, lipped, white flowers, 3in (8cm) across, Paradise lily, St. Bruno’s lily
P of numerous, minute, greenish-brown blood-red flowers, with black, basal spotted with dark maroon, in spring. Oval,
spikelets on delicate stalks in summer. blotches. ‘Cedric Morris’, H 28in (70cm), marbled leaves are 3in (8cm) long. Needs LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
H12–1. produces pastel grayish-pink flowers. shade in summer. H11–6.
P. virgatum ‘Northwind’, illus. p.289. ‘Choir Boy’ (illus. p.238) is variable, P. Buckhurst gx ‘Mont Millais’, illus. Genus of perennials, grown for their
compact and bears ruffled, white flowers p.467. Evergreen, terrestrial orchid. H 4in flowers and foliage. Requires sun and
652 PAPAVER marked at base with 4 black blotches. (10cm). Solitary, rounded, yellow-and-white fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
‘Graue Witwe’ has ruffled, gray-white flowers, to 5in (12cm) across, lined and division in spring or by seed in fall. After
Poppy flowers. ‘Indian Chief’ has deep spotted with red, are produced in winter. division may not flower for a season.
mahogany-red flowers. ‘Karine’ (illus. Has oval leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Requires P. liliastrum (St. Bruno’s lily). Clump-
PAPAVERACEAE p.238) has bowl-shaped, soft pale pink shade in summer. H11–6. forming, fleshy-rooted perennial. H 12–24in
flowers marked with dark red blotches. P. callosum. Evergreen, terrestrial orchid. (30–60cm), S 12in (30cm). Slender stems,
Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, ‘Kleine Tänzerin’ bears abundant, H 3in (8cm). Purple- and green-veined, bearing racemes of saucer-shaped, white
some of which are semievergreen, grown ruffled, dark pink flowers. ‘Lauren’s white flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne flowers in early summer, arise above broad,
for their cup-shaped flowers. Needs sun Lilac’ has soft lilac-mauve flowers. ‘May on tall stems in spring–summer. Has oval, grasslike, grayish-green leaves. Z7–9 H9–7.
or partial shade and prefers moist but well- Queen’ bears double, orange flowers. mottled leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Needs
drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall or ‘Mrs. Perry’ has large, salmon-pink shade in summer. Z12–15 H12–6. PARAHEBE
spring, P. orientale and its cultivars by flowers. ‘Patty’s Plum’ (illus. p.238) P. fairrieanum, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
root cuttings in winter. Self-seeds readily. produces rich muddy-purple flowers that terrestrial orchid. H 3in (8cm). Solitary, SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE
P. alpinum subsp. burseri. See fade as they age. ‘Perry’s White’, H 32in rich purple- and green-veined flowers,
P. burseri. (80cm), has satiny, white flowers with 2in (5cm) across, with curved petals and Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
P. atlanticum. Clump-forming, short- purple centers. ‘Prinzessin Victoria orange-brown pouches, are borne in fall. summer-flowering perennials, subshrubs
lived perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Has Louise’ has large, salmon-pink flowers. Oval leaves are 3in (8cm) long. Needs shade and shrubs, similar to Hebe and Veronica.
oval, toothed, hairy leaves and, in summer, ‘Turkish Delight’ (illus. p.238) bears in summer. H11–6. Is suitable for rock gardens. Needs sun and
single, dull orange flowers. Is good for a unblotched, bright salmon-pink flowers. P. Freckles gx, illus. p.466. Evergreen, well-drained, peaty, sandy soil. Propagate
rock garden. Z5–7 H7–4. ‘Watermelon’ has flowers of vivid terrestrial orchid. H 4in (10cm). Solitary, by semiripe cuttings in early summer.
P. burseri, syn. P. alpinum subsp. burseri. watermelon-pink. rounded, reddish-brown-spotted and P. catarractae, illus. p.342.
Semievergreen, tuft-forming, short-lived P. rhoeas (Corn poppy, Field poppy, pouched, white flowers, 4in (10cm) across, P. lyallii. Semievergreen, prostrate shrub.
perennial, best treated as an annual or Flanders poppy). Shirley Group (double) are produced in winter. Has oval leaves, H 6in (15cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Has oval,
biennial. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 4in (10cm). is a fast-growing, slender, erect annual. 4in (10cm) long. Needs shade in summer. toothed, leathery leaves. In early summer,
Has finely cut, gray leaves. Produces single, H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lobed, H11–6. erect stems bear loose sprays of flattish,
white flowers in summer. Is suitable for a light green leaves. In summer produces P. haynaldianum. Evergreen, terrestrial pink-veined, white flowers. Z8–9 H9–8.
rock garden, wall or bank. Z5–8 H8–5. rounded, often cup-shaped, double flowers, orchid. H 5in (12cm). In summer, long- P. perfoliata, syn. Veronica perfoliata,
P. commutatum, syn. P. commutatum in shades of red, pink or white, including petaled, brown-marked, green-, pink-and- illus. p.271.
‘Ladybird’. Fast-growing, erect, branching bicolors; (single) illus. p.310. H11–1. white flowers, to 6in (15cm) across, are
annual. H and S 18in (45cm). Has elliptic, P. somniferum (Opium poppy). Fast- produced singly. Has oval leaves, 8–9in PARAQUILEGIA
deeply lobed, mid-green leaves and, in growing, upright annual. H 30in (75cm), (20–23cm) long. Requires shade in summer.
summer, single, red flowers, each with S 12in (30cm). Has oblong, lobed, light Z12–15 H12–6. RANUNCULACEAE
black blotch in center. H8–1. ‘Ladybird’. grayish-green leaves. Large, single flowers, P. Lyric gx ‘Glendora’, illus. p.467.
See P. commutatum. Evergreen, terrestrial orchid. H 4in (10cm). Genus of tufted perennials, grown for their
P. croceum, syn. P. nudicaule (Arctic Solitary, rounded, glossy, white-red-and- cup-shaped flowers and fernlike foliage. Is
poppy, Iceland poppy). Tuft-forming green flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are difficult to cultivate and flower successfully.
perennial. H to 12in (30cm), S 4in (10cm). Prefers dry winters and cool climates. Is
Hairy stems each produce solitary,

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good in alpine houses and troughs. Needs PARODIA PARONYCHIA green leaflets, paler beneath, that turn
sun and gritty, well-drained, alkaline soil. crimson in fall. Blue-black berries are
Propagate by seed in fall. CACTACEAE Whitlow-wort produced in fall. Is ideal for covering
P. anemonoides, syn. P. grandiflora, a high wall or building. Z7–9 H9–1.
illus. p.350. Genus of rounded, perennial cacti with ILLECEBRACEAE/CARYOPHYLLACEAE P. striata. See Cissus striata.
P. grandiflora. See P. anemonoides. tubercles arranged in ribs that often spiral P. thomsonii. See Cayratia thomsonii.
around green stems. Crown forms woolly Genus of evergreen perennials, grown P. tricuspidata, illus. p.209. ‘Lowii’, illus.
PARASERIANTHES buds, then funnel-shaped flowers. Requires for their loose mats of prostrate stems. p.209. ‘Veitchii’, syn. Ampelopsis veitchii,
full sun or partial shade and very well- Is useful for rock gardens and walls. Needs illus. p.210.
LEGUMINOSAE/MIMOSACEAE drained soil. Water very lightly in winter; sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
tends to lose roots during a long period division in spring. PASSIFLORA P
Genus of deciduous or semievergreen of drought. Propagate by seed in spring P. capitata (Nailwort, Willow wort).
trees, grown for their feathery foliage or summer. Vigorous, evergreen, mat-forming Granadilla, Passion flower 653
and unusual flower heads, composed P. chrysacanthion, illus. p.496. perennial. H 1/2in (1cm), S 16in (40cm).
of numerous stamens and resembling P. concinna, syn. Notocactus apricus. Silvery leaves are small and oval. In PASSIFLORACEAE
bottlebrushes. Do not plant out until late Flattened spherical, perennial cactus. summer produces inconspicuous flowers
spring. Needs full sun and well-drained H 3in (7cm), S 4in (10cm). Much-ribbed, surrounded by papery bracts. Makes Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
soil. Propagate by seed in spring. pale green stem is densely covered with good groundcover. Z8–10 H10–8. woody-stemmed, tendril climbers, grown
P. lophantha, syn. Albizia distachya, short, soft, golden-brown spines. In P. kapela subsp. serpyllifolia, illus. for their unusual flowers, each one with a
Albizia lophantha, illus. p.89. summer, crown produces flattish, glossy, p.375. central corona of filaments. Produces egg-
bright yellow flowers, 3in (8cm) across, shaped to rounded, fleshy, edible fruits that
PARIS with purple stigmas. Prefers partial PARROTIA mature to orange or yellow in fall. Needs
shade. Z13–15 H12–1. sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
LILIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE P. erinacea, syn. Wigginsia vorwerkiana. HAMAMELIDACEAE drained soil. Water freely in full growth,
Slow-growing, flattened spherical, less at other times. Stems need support.
Genus of summer-flowering, rhizomatous perennial cactus. H 3in (8cm), S 31/2in Genus of one species of deciduous tree, Thin out and spur back crowded growth
perennials. Flowers are followed by fleshy (9cm). Glossy stem, with up to 20 wartlike grown for its flowers and fall color. Flower in spring. Propagate by seed in spring or
fruits with black or red seeds. Requires full ribs, has yellow-white spines and bears buds may be killed by hard frosts. Requires by semiripe cuttings in summer.
or partial shade and rich soil. Propagate by yellow flowers in summer. Z13–15 full sun and prefers fertile, moist but well- P. x allardii, syn. P. ‘Allardii’. Strong-
H12–10. drained soil. Is lime-tolerant, but usually growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
division in spring or by seed in fall. T The P. haselbergii (Scarlet ball cactus). colors best in acidic soil. Propagate by tendril climber. H 22–30ft (7–10m). Has
subsp. graessneri is a slow-growing, softwood cuttings in summer or by seed 3-lobed leaves. Pink-tinged, white flowers,
seeds may cause mild stomach upset if flattened spherical, perennial cactus. H 4in in fall. 3–4in (7–10cm) wide, with purple-banded
ingested. (10cm), S 10in (25cm). Bristly, golden spines P. persica, illus. p.77. crowns, are produced in summer–fall.
P. polyphylla, syn. Daiswa polyphylla. cover much-ribbed, green stem. Slightly Z7–9 H9–7.
Erect, rhizomatous perennial. H 2–3ft sunken crown bears funnel-shaped, glossy, PARROTIOPSIS P. ‘Allardii’. See P. x allardii.
(60cm–1m), S to 1ft (30cm). In early greenish-yellow flowers, with yellow P. antioquiensis, syn. Tacsonia van-
summer, at tips of slender stems, produces stigmas, in early spring. Prefers partial HAMAMELIDACEAE volxemii (Red banana passionflower).
unusual flowers consisting of ruff of green shade. subsp. haselbergii, syn. Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
sepals, with another ruff of greenish-yellow Notocactus haselbergii, illus. p.487. Genus of one species of deciduous tree or tendril climber. H 15ft (5m) or more. Has
petals, marked with crimson above, P. leninghausii, syn. Notocactus shrub, grown for its ornamental, dense downy leaves, with 3 deep lobes. Bears
crowned by violet-purple stigma. Leaves, leninghausii. Clump-forming, perennial flower heads surrounded by conspicuous long-tubed, rose-red flowers, 4–5in
borne in whorls at stem tips, are lance- cactus. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Woolly bracts. Needs sun or partial and any fertile, (10–12cm) across, with purplish-blue
shaped to oval and mid-green. Z5–8 H8–5. crown always slopes toward sun. In well-drained soil except very shallow soil centers, in summer–fall. Z12–15 H12–10.
summer, on plants more than 4in (10cm) over chalk. Propagate by softwood cuttings P. caerulea, illus. p.204. ‘Constance
PARKINSONIA tall, yellow blooms open flat. Z13–15 in summer or by seed in fall. Elliot’ is a fast-growing, evergreen or
H12–10. P. jacquemontiana. Deciduous, shrubby semievergreen, woody-stemmed, tendril
LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE P. mammulosa, syn. Notocactus or upright tree. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Has climber. H 30ft (10m) or more. Has rich
mammulosus. Spherical, perennial cactus. witch-hazel-like, dark green leaves that green leaves. In summer–fall produces
Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering H and S 4in (10cm). Green stem has about turn yellow in fall. From mid- to late spring bowl-shaped, fragrant, white flowers, with
shrubs and trees, grown for their flowers 20 ribs and straight, stiff, yellow-brown and in summer bears clusters of minute pale blue or white filaments. Z6–9 H9–6.
and overall appearance. Needs full sun, a to white spines. Woolly crown produces flowers, with tufts of yellow stamens, P. x caeruleoracemosa. See P. x violacea.
dry atmosphere and fertile, well-drained masses of golden flowers in summer. surrounded by white bracts. Z6–9 H9–6. P. x caponii ‘John Innes’. Strong-
soil. Water container specimens moderately Z13–15 H12–10. growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
when in full growth, sparingly at other P. microsperma, syn. P. sanguiniflora, PARTHENOCISSUS tendril climber. H 25ft (8m). Has 3-lobed
times. Pruning is tolerated, but spoils the illus. p.487. leaves and bowl-shaped, nodding, white
natural habit. Propagate by seed in spring. P. mueller-melchersii, syn. P. rutilans, VITACEAE flowers, flushed claret-purple, with purple-
P. aculeata (Jerusalem thorn). Evergreen, Notocactus rutilans, illus. p.486. banded, white crowns, in summer–fall.
feathery shrub or tree with spiny, green P. nivosa, illus. p.487. Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed, Z13–15 H12–10.
stem. H and S 10–20ft (3–6m) or more. Long, P. ottonis, syn. Notocactus ottonis. tendril climbers, grown for their leaves, P. coccinea, illus. p.462.
linear leaves have winged midribs bearing Variable, spherical, perennial cactus. H and which often turn beautiful colors in fall. P. x exoniensis. Fast-growing, evergreen,
tiny, elliptic, short-lived leaflets. Produces S 4in (10cm). Pale to dark green stem has Broad tips of tendrils have sucker-like pads woody-stemmed, tendril climber. H 25ft
fragrant, 5-petaled, yellow flowers in 8–12 rounded ribs bearing stiff, golden that cling to supports. Has insignificant, (8m) or more. Leaves have 3 deep lobes
arching racemes in spring. Z11–12 H12–10. radial spines and longer, soft, red central greenish flowers in summer. Will quickly and are softly downy. Rose-pink flowers,
spines. In summer, crown bears flattish, cover a north- or east-facing wall or fence 3in (8cm) across, with purplish-blue
PARNASSIA glossy, golden flowers, with purple stigmas. and may be grown up a large tree. Needs crowns, are produced in summer–fall.
Offsets freely from stolons. Prefers sun. full or partial shade and well-drained soil. Z13–15 H12–10.
Bog star, Grass of Parnassus Z13–15 H12–1. Propagate by softwood or greenwood P. manicata (Red passionflower). Fast-
PARNASSIACEAE/CELASTRACEAE P. rutilans. See P. mueller-melchersii. cuttings in summer or by hardwood growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
P. sanguiniflora. See P. microsperma. tendril climber. H 10–15ft (3–5m). Has
Genus of rosetted, mainly summer- P. scopa, syn. Notocactus scopa (Silver cuttings in early spring. T The berries may slender, angular stems and 3-lobed leaves.
flowering perennials, grown for their ball cactus). Spherical to columnar, Red flowers, with deep purple and white
saucer-shaped flowers. Is good for rock perennial cactus. H 10in (25cm), S 6in cause mild stomach upset if ingested. crowns, are borne in summer–fall. Z12–15
gardens. Needs sun and wet soil. Propagate (15cm). Stem, with 30–35 ribs, is densely P. henryana, syn. Vitis henryana. H12–10.
by seed in fall. covered with white radial spines and Deciduous, tendril climber with 4-angled, P. mollissima, syn. Tacsonia mollissima.
P. palustris, illus. p.336. longer, red central spines, 3 or 4 per areole. woody stems. H to 30ft (10m) or more. Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
Crown bears funnel-shaped, glossy, yellow Leaves have 3–5 oval, toothed, velvety, deep tendril climber. H 15ft (5m) or more. Softly
PAROCHETUS flowers, with purple stigmas, in summer. green or bronze leaflets, 11/2–5in (4–13cm) downy leaves have 3 deep lobes. Long-
Prefers a sunny position. Z13–15 H12–1. long, with white or pinkish veins. Small, tubed, pink flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide,
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE dark blue berries are produced in fall. Leaf with purplish-blue crown, are borne in
color is best with a north or east aspect. summer–fall.
Genus of trailing, evergreen perennials. Z8–9 H9–1.
Grows best in alpine houses. Needs partial P. quinquefolia, syn. Vitis quinquefolia
shade and gritty, moist soil. Propagate by (Virginia creeper). Deciduous, woody-
division of rooted runners year-round. stemmed, tendril climber. H 50ft (15m)
P. communis, illus. p.370. or more. Leaves have 5 oval, toothed, dull

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P. quadrangularis, illus. p.462. by seed in spring or by greenwood cuttings shaped, brightly colored flowers of the (15–20cm). Has butterfly-shaped leaves
P. racemosa (Red passionflower). Fast- in summer. Whitefly and red spider mite regal type, which appear continuously and double, pale salmon-pink flowers.
growing, evergreen, tendril climber with may be troublesome. through the season. Is suitable as a container plant in a
slender, woody stems. H 15ft (5m). Has P. hastata. Evergreen, erect shrub. Zonal—succulent-stemmed, evergreen greenhouse. Z12–15 H12–1.
wavy, leathery leaves with 3 deep lobes. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Has lance- plants with rounded, leaves, distinctively P. ‘Caligula’. Evergreen, miniature,
In summer–fall bears terminal racemes of shaped to oval, mid-green leaves, with 2 marked with a darker “zone,” and single semidouble-flowered zonal pelargonium.
pendent, crimson flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) basal lobes. Funnel-shaped, pale red to (5-petaled), semidouble or fully double H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 4in (10cm). Has small,
across, with white- and purple-banded white flowers, with darker basal spotting, flowers. Zonal pelargoniums can be crimson flowers and tiny, dark green
crowns. Z13–15 H12–10. are produced in summer. separated into the following groups: leaves. Is suitable for a windowsill. H11–1.
P. sanguinea. See P. vitifolia. cactus-flowered; double- and semidouble- P. ‘Capen’. Bushy, semidouble-flowered
P. x violacea, syn. P. x caeruleoracemosa. PAXISTIMA flowered; fancy-leaved; Formosum hybrids; zonal pelargonium. H 15–18in (38–45cm),
Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed, Rosebud; Single-flowered; and Stellar. S 6–8in (15–20cm). Bears semidouble, coral-
tendril climber. H 30ft (10m). Has 3-lobed SYN. PACHYSTIMA pink flowers. Is good as a container plant.
leaves. Purple flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are P. acetosum. Species pelargonium. Z12–15 H12–1.
produced in summer–fall. Z12–15 H12–10. CELASTRACEAE H 20–24in (50–60cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). P. capitatum. Evergreen, scented-leaved
P. vitifolia, syn. P. sanguinea. Evergreen, Stems are succulent with fleshy, gray-green pelargonium. H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 12in
woody-stemmed, tendril climber; slender Genus of evergreen, spreading shrubs leaves that are often margined red. Bears (30cm). Has mauve flowers and irregularly
stems have fine, brown hairs. H to 15ft and subshrubs, grown for their foliage. single, salmon-pink flowers. Is good as a 3-lobed leaves that smell faintly of roses. Is
(5m). Has 3-lobed, lustrous leaves. In Is suitable for groundcover. Needs sun pot plant in a greenhouse. Z12–15 H12–1. mainly used to produce geranium oil for
summer–fall bears bright scarlet flowers, or partial shade and rich, moist but well- P. ‘Alberta’, illus. p.309. Evergreen, perfume industry, but may be grown as a
5in (13cm) wide, with short crown, banded drained soil. Propagate by division in single-flowered zonal pelargonium. container plant. Z12–15 H12–1.
red, yellow, and white. Z10–11 H12–10. spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears clusters P. carnosum. Deciduous, shrubby
P. canbyi (Cliff green, Ratstripper). of small, crimson-and-white flowers. Is best pelargonium (unclassified), with thick,
PATERSONIA Evergreen, spreading subshrub. H 6–12in grown as a bedding plant. H11–1. succulent stems and woody, swollen,
(15–30cm), S 8in (20cm). Leaves are linear P. AMETHYST (‘Fisdel’). Evergreen, trailing tuber-like rootstock. H and S 12in (30cm).
IRIDACEAE or oblong. Short, pendent spikes of tiny, ivy-leaved pelargonium. H and S to 5ft Has long, gray-green leaves with
greenish-white flowers are produced in (1.5m). Leaves are fleshy with pointed triangular, deeply lobed leaflets. Produces
Genus of evergreen, clump-forming, summer. Z3–7 H7–1. lobes. Bears fully double, light mauve- branched, umbel-like flower heads with
spring- and early summer-flowering, purple flowers. Z12–15 H12–1. white or greenish-yellow flowers, the
rhizomatous perennials. Needs full sun and Pedilanthus tithymaloides. See P. Antik Series. Vigorous, evergreen, upper petals streaked red and shorter than
light, well-drained soil. Leave undisturbed Euphorbia tithymaloides. single-flowered zonal pelargonium grown green sepals. Z12–15 H12–1.
once planted. Propagate by seed in fall. as a climber or, with pinching, as P. ‘Cherry Blossom’. Vigorous,
P. umbrosa. Evergreen, clump-forming, PELARGONIUM groundcover. H and S 36–48in (90–120cm). evergreen, single-flowered zonal
spring- and early summer-flowering Has rounded, lobed, plain green leaves and pelargonium. H and S to 18in (45cm).
rhizomatous perennial. H 12–18in Geranium large clusters of flowers in orange, pink, Mauve-pink flowers have white centers.
(30–45cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). Has violet, salmon, or scarlet. ANTIK SALMON Z12–15 H12–1.
erect, basal leaves and tough flower stems GERANIACEAE (‘Tiksal’), illus. p.309, bears salmon-pink P. ‘Chew Magna’. Evergreen regal
bearing a succession of iris-like, purple- flowers. H11–1. pelargonium. H 12–18in (30–45cm), S to
blue flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm) across. Genus of mainly summer-flowering P. ‘Apple Blossom Rosebud’. 12in (30cm). Each petal of pale pink flowers
Z11–15 H12–6. perennials, most of which are evergreen, Evergreen, rosebud zonal pelargonium. has wine-red blaze. Z12–15 H12–1.
often cultivated as annuals. Is grown for H 12in (30cm), S 9in (23cm). Fully double, P. ‘Clorinda’, illus. p.309. Vigorous,
P its colorful flowers and is useful in pots pinkish-white flowers, margined with red, scented-leaved pelargonium. H 18–20in
or as bedding plants; in warm conditions, look like miniature rosebuds. Z12–15 (45–50cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Leaves
PATRINIA flowers are borne almost continuously. H12–1. smell of cedar and are 3-lobed. Bears large,
A sunny site with 12 hours of daylight is P. ‘Autumn Festival’. Evergreen, bushy single, rose-pink flowers. Is suitable for a
VALERIANACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE required for good flowering. Prefers well- regal pelargonium. H and S 12in (30cm). greenhouse or patio. H11–1.
drained, neutral to alkaline soil. Dislikes Salmon-pink flowers have pronounced, P. ‘Coddenham’. Miniature, double-
Genus of perennials, with neat clumps, very hot, humid conditions. Dead-head white throats. Z12–15 H12–1. flowered zonal pelargonium. H 4–5in
grown for their flowers. Is suitable for rock frequently and fertilize regularly if grown P. ‘Bird Dancer’. Dwarf, stellar zonal (10–12cm), S 3–4in (7–10cm). Produces
gardens and peat beds. Needs partial shade in containers; do not overwater. Plants may pelargonium. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 5–6in clusters of orange-red flowers.
and moist soil. Propagate by division in be kept through winter in the greenhouse (12–15cm). Has clusters of single flowers, P. crispum ‘Variegatum’. Evergreen,
spring or by seed in fall. Self-seeds freely. by cutting back in fall–winter to 5in (12cm) with pale pink lower petals and salmon- upright, scented-leaved pelargonium.
P. triloba, illus. p.275. and repotting. Propagate by softwood pink upper petals. H11–1. H to 3ft (1m), S 1–11/2ft (30–45cm). Has
P. BLUE WONDER (‘Pacbla’), illus. p.309. gold-variegated leaves that tend to turn
PAULOWNIA cuttings from spring to fall. T Contact Evergreen, semidouble-flowered zonal creamy-white in winter. Produces small,
pelargonium. H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm). pale lilac flowers. Z12–15 H12–1.
SCROPHULARIACEAE/PAULOWNIACEAE with the foliage may occasionally aggravate Has rounded, lobed, plain green leaves and P. ‘Dale Queen’. Evergreen, bushy,
skin allergies. large clusters of vivid rich lilac flowers (not single-flowered zonal pelargonium.
Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their blue). H11–1. H 9–12in (23–30cm), S 9in (23cm). Flowers
large leaves and foxglove-like flowers, Pelargoniums may be divided into six P. ‘Bredon’. Strong-growing, evergreen are delicate salmon-pink. Is particularly
borne before the foliage emerges. Flower groups; all flower in summer–fall unless regal pelargonium. H 18in (45cm), S to 12in suitable for a pot. Z12–15 H12–1.
buds and young growth of small plants stated otherwise. See also feature panel (30cm). Bears large, maroon flowers. P. Decora Series. Evergreen, trailing
may be damaged by very hard frosts. p.309. Z12–15 H12–1. ivy-leaved pelargonium. H 6–8in (15–20cm),
Requires full sun and fertile, moist but Angel—plants with rounded, sometimes P. ‘Brookside Primrose’, illus. p.309. S to 4ft (1.2m). Bears fresh green leaves
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in scented, usually mid-green leaves, and Dwarf, fancy-leaved zonal pelargonium. without dark zone, and narrow-petaled
fall or spring or by root cuttings in winter. clusters of small, single flowers of the H 4–5in (10–12cm), S 3–4in (7–10cm). Bears flowers in red, lilac, or shades of pink.
P. fortunei. Deciduous, spreading tree. regal type. double, pale pink flowers. Leaves have ‘Decora Dark Pink’ (illus. p.309) is dark
H and S 25ft (8m). Has large, oval, mid- Ivy-leaved—trailing, evergreen plants, butterfly mark in center of each leaf. Is rose-pink. H11–1.
green leaves. In late spring bears large, ideal for hanging baskets, with lobed, good as a pot plant or for bedding. H11–1. P. ‘Dolly Varden’. Evergreen, fancy-
fragrant flowers, purple-spotted and white sometimes pointed, stiff, fleshy, usually P. Bulls Eye Series. Evergreen, single- leaved zonal pelargonium. H 12in (30cm),
inside, pale purple outside. Z5–8 H8–4. mid-green leaves and flowers similar to flowered zonal pelargonium. H 13–15in S 9in (23cm). Green leaves have purple-
P. imperialis. See P. tomentosa. those of zonal pelargoniums. (33–38cm), S 11–13in (28–33cm). Has brown, white and crimson markings.
P. tomentosa, syn. P. imperialis, illus. p.72. Regal—shrubby, evergreen plants with rounded, lobed, chocolate-brown leaves Single, scarlet flowers are insignificant.
rounded, sometimes lobed or partially with green edges. Produces large clusters Z12–15 H12–1.
654 PAVONIA toothed, mid-green leaves and clusters of flowers in shades of red, pink, or a P. ‘Emma Hössle’. See P. ‘Frau Emma
of single, rarely double, broadly trumpet- mixture. Propagate by seed. ‘Bulls Eye Hössle’.
MALVACEAE shaped, exotic-colored flowers that are Salmon’ (illus. p.309) has salmon-pink P. ‘Evka’, illus. p.309. Evergreen, trailing,
prone to weather damage in the open. flowers. H11–1. bushy ivy-leaved pelargonium. H 6in
Genus of evergreen, mainly summer- Scented-leaved and species—evergreen P. ‘Butterfly Lorelei’. Fancy-leaved zonal (15cm), S 18in (45cm). Has pale green
flowering perennials and shrubs, grown plants with small, single, often irregularly pelargonium. H 10–12in (25–30cm), S 6–8in
usually for their flowers. Needs full light star-shaped flowers; scented-leaved forms
or partial shade and rich, well-drained are grown for their fragrance.
soil. Water freely when in full growth, Unique—Tall-growing, evergreen
moderately at other times. Leggy stems subshrubs with rounded or lobed,
may be cut back hard in spring. Propagate sometimes incised, mid-green leaves,
often with a pungent scent when crushed.
Produces clusters of single, trumpet-

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leaves edged in creamy-white. Bears P. ‘Irene’. Evergreen, semidouble- 20cm), S 4–5in (10–12cm). Bears bright pink P. ‘Rica’. Bushy, single-flowered zonal P
clusters of small, single, deep rose-red flowered zonal pelargonium. H 18in (45cm), flowers. Is good in a windowbox. Z12–15 pelargonium. H 12–15in (30–38cm), S 6–8in
flowers. H11–1. S 9–12in (23–30cm). Bears large, light H12–1. (15–20cm). Flowers are deep rose-pink, 655
P. ‘Fair Ellen’. Compact scented-leaved crimson blooms. Z12–15 H12–1. P. ‘Mr. Henry Cox’, syn. P. ‘Mrs. Henry with large, white eye. Is good in a
pelargonium. H and S 12in (30cm). Has P. ‘Ivalo’. Evergreen, bushy, short-jointed, Cox’. Evergreen, fancy-leaved zonal windowbox or as a greenhouse container
dark green leaves and pale pink flowers semidouble-flowered zonal pelargonium. pelargonium. H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm). plant. Z12–15 H12–1.
marked with red. Z12–15 H12–1. H 9–12in (23–30cm), S 9in (23cm). Large, Mid-green leaves are marked with red, P. ‘Robe’. Vigorous, semidouble-flowered
P. Fireworks Series. Bushy, compact semidouble flowers are pale pink with yellow and purple-brown. Flowers are zonal pelargonium. H 15–18in (38–45cm),
evergreen perennial. H 8–10in (20–25cm), crimson-dotted, white centers. Z12–15 single and pink. Z12–15 H12–1. S 6–8in (15–20cm). Bears cerise-crimson
S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has shallowly 5-lobed, H12–1. P. ‘Mrs. Henry Cox’. See P. ‘Mr. Henry flowers. Is suitable as a container plant in
aromatic, matt, dark green leaves, with P. ‘Lachsball’. Vigorous, semidouble- Cox’. a greenhouse, or as a bedding plant, and
lobes suffused purplish-green. From spring flowered zonal pelargonium. H 18–20in P. ‘Mrs. Pollock’. Evergreen, single- is good for exhibition. Z12–15 H12–1.
to early fall produces upright, dense (45–50cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Bears flowered zonal pelargonium. H 12in (30cm), P. ‘Rollisson’s Unique’. Evergreen,
clusters of red, white, pink or bicolored salmon-pink flowers with scarlet eye. Is S 6in (15cm). Each golden leaf has gray- shrubby unique pelargonium. H 24in
flowers, with 5 sharply pointed lobes. good for summer bedding. Z12–15 H12–1. green butterfly mark in center, with bronze (60cm) or more, S 12in (30cm). Has oval,
FIREWORKS SCARLET (‘Fiwoscarl’), illus. P. ‘Lachskönigin’, illus. p.309. Evergreen, zone running through it. Bears small, notched, pungent leaves and small, single,
p.309, has bright scarlet flowers. H11–1. trailing, brittle-jointed pelargonium. H and orange-red flowers. Z12–15 H12–1. open trumpet-shaped, wine-red flowers,
P. ‘Flower of Spring’ (Silver-leaved S to 24in (60cm). Has fleshy leaves, with P. ‘Mrs. Quilter’. Evergreen, fancy- with purple veins. Z12–15 H12–1.
geranium). Vigorous, evergreen, fancy- pointed lobes, and semidouble, deep rose- leaved zonal pelargonium. H 12in (30cm), P. ‘Rouletta’. Vigorous, evergreen,
leaved zonal pelargonium. H 24in (60cm), pink flowers. Is suitable for a hanging S 9in (23cm). Has yellow leaves with wide, trailing ivy-leaved pelargonium. H and
S 12in (30cm). Has green-and-white leaves basket or windowbox. H11–1. chestnut-brown zones and single, pink S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Bears semidouble, red-
and single, red flowers. Z12–15 H12–1. P. ‘Lady Plymouth’, illus. p.309. Scented- flowers. Z12–15 H12–1. and-white flowers. To control shape, pinch
P. x fragrans. See P. ‘Fragrans’. leaved pelargonium. H 12–16in (30–40cm), P. Multibloom Series. Seed-raised, out growing tips regularly. Z12–15 H12–1.
P. ‘Fragrans’, syn. P. x fragrans, S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has eucalyptus-scented, single-flowered zonal pelargonium. P. ‘Royal Oak’. Evergreen, bushy,
P. Fragrans Group. Evergreen, very bushy, silver-margined, mid-green leaves and H 10–12in (25–30cm), S 12in (30cm). compact scented-leaved pelargonium.
scented-leaved pelargonium. H and S 12in clusters of lavender-pink flowers. H11–1. Abundant flowers in shades of white, pink, H 15in (38cm), S 12in (30cm). Oaklike,
(30cm). Rounded, shallowly lobed, gray- P. ‘L’Elégante’. Evergreen, trailing ivy- and red, some with white eyes, are borne slightly sticky, dark green leaves have spicy
green leaves smell strongly of pine. Bears leaved pelargonium. H and S to 24in in clusters. Is early-flowering and continues fragrance and central, brown markings.
small, white flowers. Z12–15 H12–1. (60cm). Foliage is variegated with creamy- over a long period. Is tolerant of wet Flowers are small and mauve-pink. Z12–15
P. ‘Fraiche Beauté’, syn. P. ‘Fraicher white margins, sometimes turning pink at conditions. Z12–15 H12–1. H12–1.
Beauty’, illus. p.309. Evergreen, double- edges. Semidouble flowers are pale mauve. P. ‘Orange Ricard’. Vigorous, robust, P. ‘Schöne Helena’. Evergreen,
flowered zonal pelargonium. H 12in (30cm), Is best grown in a hanging basket. Z12–15 evergreen, semidouble-flowered zonal semidouble-flowered zonal pelargonium.
S 9in (23cm). Perfectly formed, white H12–1. pelargonium. H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 12in H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 9in (23cm).
flowers have thin, red edge to each petal. P. ‘Lesley Judd’. Vigorous, evergreen, (30cm). Has masses of large, orange Produces masses of large, salmon-pink
Is excellent as a pot plant. H11–1. bushy regal pelargonium. H 12–18in blooms. Z12–15 H12–1. flowers. Z12–15 H12–1.
P. ‘Fraicher Beauty’. See P. ‘Fraiche (30–45cm), S to 12in (30cm). Flowers are P. ‘Paton’s Unique’. Vigorous unique P. ‘Splendide’. Slow-growing, short-
Beauté’. soft salmon-pink with red central blotch. pelargonium with pungent-smelling leaves. branching pelargonium. H 10–12in
P. ‘Francis Parrett’. Evergreen, Pinch out growing tips before flowering, H 15–18in (38–45cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). (25–30cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Butterfly-
short-jointed, double-flowered zonal to control shape. Z12–15 H12–1. Flowers are single, red or pale pink, with shaped flowers are borne singly or in
pelargonium. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 4in P. ‘Mabel Grey’. Evergreen, scented- small, white eye. Z12–15 H12–1. clusters. Dark red upper petals have black
(10cm). Bears purplish-mauve flowers leaved pelargonium. H 18–24in (45–60cm), P. peltatum. Evergreen, trailing, brittle- spot at base; lower petals are white,
and small, green leaves. Is good for a S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has diamond-shaped, jointed pelargonium from which ivy-leaved sometimes stained red.
windowsill. Z12–15 H12–1. rough-textured, toothed, strongly lemon- cultivars have been derived. H and S to 5ft P. Sprinter Series. Group of slow-
P. ‘Frau Emma Hössle’, syn. P. ‘Emma scented leaves, with 5–7 pointed lobes, (1.5m). Has fleshy leaves, with pointed growing, evergreen, branching, bushy,
Hössle’. Evergreen, dwarf, double-flowered and mauve flowers. Z12–15 H12–1. lobes. Produces single, mauve or white single-flowered zonal pelargoniums,
zonal pelargonium. H 8–10in (20–25cm), P. ‘Madame Fournier’. Evergreen, flowers. Cultivars are suitable for hanging grown as annuals. H and S 12–24in
S 6in (15cm). Bears large, mauve-pink short-jointed, single-flowered zonal baskets and windowboxes. Z12–15 H12–1. (30–60cm). Has rounded, lobed, light
flowers. Is useful for a windowbox. Z12–15 pelargonium. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 4in P. ‘Polka’. Vigorous unique pelargonium. to mid-green leaves. Bears large, domed
H12–1. (10cm). Small, scarlet flowers contrast H 18–20in (45–50cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). flower heads in shades of red. Is very free-
P. ‘Friesdorf’. Evergreen, fancy-leaved well with almost black leaves. Is useful Flowers are semidouble. Upper petals are flowering. Z12–15 H12–1.
zonal pelargonium. H 10in (25cm), S 6in for a pot or as a summer bedding plant. orange-red, blotched, and feathered deep P. ‘Tavira’. Evergreen, trailing, brittle-
(15cm). Has dark green leaves and narrow- Z12–15 H12–1. purple; lower ones are salmon-orange. jointed pelargonium. H and S 12–16in
petaled, single, orange-scarlet flowers. Is P. ‘Manx Maid’. Evergreen regal Z12–15 H12–1. (30–40cm). Has fleshy leaves, with pointed
good for a windowbox or planted in a large pelargonium. H 12–15in (30–38cm), S 10in P. ‘Prince of Orange’. Scented-leaved lobes, and single, soft cerise-red flowers.
group. Z12–15 H12–1. (25cm). Flowers and leaves are small for pelargonium. H 10–12in (25–30cm), Is suitable for growing in a hanging basket
P. ‘Golden Lilac Mist’. Bushy, fancy- regal type. Pink flowers are veined and S 6–8in (15–20cm). Small, rounded leaves or windowbox. Z12–15 H12–1.
leaved zonal pelargonium. H 10–12in blotched with burgundy. Z12–15 H12–1. smell of orange. Bears single, mauve P. ‘The Boar’. Evergreen, trailing
(25–30cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Golden- P. ‘Mauritania’. Evergreen, single- flowers. Is good as a pot plant indoors. pelargonium. H and S to 24in (60cm).
yellow leaves are marked with bronze. flowered zonal pelargonium. H 12in (30cm), Z12–15 H12–1. Has 5-lobed, notched, mid-green leaves
Bears double, lavender-pink flowers. Is S 9in (23cm). White flowers are ringed P. ‘Purple Emperor’. Evergreen regal with dark brown center. Produces long-
a good window-box plant. Z12–15 H12–1. toward centers with pale salmon-pink. pelargonium. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). stemmed, single, salmon-pink flowers. Is
P. ‘Gustav Emich’. Vigorous, evergreen, Z12–15 H12–1. Pink-mauve flowers have deeper, central useful for a hanging basket. Z12–15 H12–1.
semidouble-flowered zonal pelargonium. P. Maverick Series. Evergreen, single- coloration. Flowers well into fall. Z12–15 P. ‘Timothy Clifford’. Evergreen, short-
H and S to 24in (60cm). Semidouble flowers flowered zonal pelargonium. H and S  H12–1. jointed, semidouble-flowered zonal
are vivid scarlet. Z12–15 H12–1. 12–18in (30–45cm). Has rounded, lobed, P. ‘Purple Unique’. Vigorous, evergreen, pelargonium. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 4in
P. ‘Happy Thought’, illus. p.307. mainly bronze-zoned, mid-green leaves. upright, shrubby unique pelargonium. (10cm). Has dark green leaves and fully
P. Horizon Devas Series. Evergreen, Produces large, domed heads of flowers H and S 3ft (1m) or more. Rounded, large- double, salmon-pink flowers. Is suitable for
single-flowered zonal pelargonium. H and in reds, pinks, a bicolor or white. Propagate lobed leaves are very aromatic. Has single, a windowsill. Z12–15 H12–1.
S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has rounded, lobed, by seed. ‘Maverick Star’ (illus. p.309) is open trumpet-shaped, light purple flowers. P. ‘Tip Top Duet’, illus. p.309. Evergreen,
often bronze-zoned, mid-green leaves and blushed white with deep rose-pink eyes. Does well when trained against a sunny bushy, free-branching regal pelargonium.
large, domed heads of flowers with H11–1. wall. Z12–15 H12–1. H 12–15in (30–38cm), S 10in (25cm). Leaves
speckled or picotee pattern, or a P. ‘Mini Cascade’. Evergreen, trailing, P. Regalia Series. Evergreen, bushy, and blooms are small for regal type. Bears
combination of the two. Propagate by seed. short-jointed, ivy-leaved pelargonium. single-flowered regal pelargonium. H and pink-veined, white flowers; uppermost
‘Horizon Deva Orange Ice’ (illus. p.309) H and S 12–18in (30–45cm). Bears many S 12–15in (30–38cm). Has clusters of prolific petals have dark burgundy blotches. H11–1.
is white with an orange picotee and veining single, red flowers. Regular dead-heading flowers in pink, deep purple, red, lilac or P. tomentosum (Peppermint geranium).
and orange on reverse. H11–1. ‘Horizon is essential for continuous display. Z12–15 salmon, all with darker marks in throats. Evergreen, bushy scented-leaved
Deva Raspberry Ripple’ (illus. p.309) is H12–1. ‘Regalia Chocolate’ (illus. p.309) is pelargonium. H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 36in
white with rich pattern of deep red P. ‘Mr. Everaarts’. Bushy, dwarf, double- crimson with deep purplish-red marks. (1m). Large, rounded, shallowly lobed,
speckles and occasional streaks. H11–1. flowered zonal pelargonium. H 6–8in (15– H11–1. velvety, gray-green leaves have strong

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peppermint aroma. Bears clusters of small, P. compressum. See P. alopecuroides. P. ‘Burgundy’, syn. P. Burford Seedling, leaves. In summer bears racemes of large,
white flowers. Pinch out growing tips, to P. ‘Fairy Tails’ (Fairy Tails). Clump- illus. p.237. Robust, semievergreen tubular, soft purple flowers, with white
control spread. Dislikes full sun. Z12–15 forming, herebaceous, perennial grass. perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). throat, edged with vivid rosy-purple.
H12–1. H 4ft (1.2m), S 24in (60cm). Has long, Produces purplish-red flowers, with white P. ‘Evelyn’, illus. p.233.
P. Video Series. Group of slow-growing, bottlebrush-like panicles of beige spikelets, throats streaked dark red. Leaves are linear P. ‘Firebird’. See P. ‘Schoenholzeri’.
evergreen, branching, bushy single- with pinkish bristles, borne in late summer and light green. Z7–11 H11–3. P. ‘Flamingo’, illus. p.236. Semievergreen,
flowered zonal pelargoniums, grown as above slender, mid-green leaves. P. campanulatus, syn. P. pulchellus. open, much-branched perennial. H 36–38in
annuals. H and S 12–24in (30–60cm). Has P. glaucum ‘Purple Majesty’, illus. Semievergreen, upright perennial. (90–95cm), S 24in (60cm). From summer
rounded, lobed, bronze-zoned, deep green p.311. H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 12in (30cm). Long to fall produces white-throated, deep
leaves and large, domed, single flower P. longistylum. See P. villosum. racemes of bell-shaped, dark purple, violet purplish-pink flowers, the white extending
heads in white and shades of pink or red. P. ruepellii. See P. setaceum. or, occasionally, white flowers are borne in onto corolla lobes, with a few darker,
Z12–15 H12–1. P. setaceum, syn. P. ruepellii (Fountain early summer above lance-shaped, toothed, reddish-pink pencillings on lower lobes.
P. ‘Voodoo’, illus. p.309. Unique grass). Tuft-forming, herbaceous, perennial mid-green leaves. Z7–10 H12–3. Leaves are mid-green, lance-shaped
pelargonium. H 20–24in (50–60cm), S 8–10in grass. H 3ft (1m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has very P. ‘Candy Pink’. See P. ‘Old Candy Pink’. to oval.
(20–25cm). Flowers are single and pale rough, mid-green leaves and stems. In P. cardwellii. Spreading, sometimes P. fruticosus (Shrubby penstemon).
burgundy with purple-black blaze on each summer bears dense, cylindrical panicles of stem-rooting, evergreen subshrub. H and Evergreen, upright, woody-based
petal. Is suitable as a greenhouse container copper-red spikelets, with bearded bristles, S 12–20in (30–50cm). In early summer subshrub. H and S 6–12in (15–30cm). Has
plant. H11–1. that last well into winter. Z8–11 H12–8. produces raceme-like panicles of slender, lance-shaped to oval, toothed leaves and,
‘Rubrum’, illus. p.312. tubular to funnel-shaped, deep purple in early summer, funnel-shaped, lipped,
PELIOSANTHES P. villosum, syn. P. longistylum, illus. flowers. Leaves are elliptic, finely toothed lavender-blue flowers. Is suitable for a rock
p.286. and mid-green. Z6–9 H9–6. garden. Trim back after flowering. Z4–9
CONVALLARIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE P. ‘Cherry’ of gardens. See P. ‘Cherry H9–1. var. scouleri, syn. P. scouleri has
PENSTEMON Ripe’. pale to deep purple flowers. var. scouleri
Genus of evergreen, rhizomatous P. ‘Cherry Ripe’, syn. P. ‘Cherry’, illus. f. albus, syn. P. scouleri f. albus (illus.
perennials, grown for their foliage and SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE p.237. Semievergreen perennial. H 31/2ft p.236) has white flowers.
delicate flowers. Needs partial or full shade (1.1m), S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). Has lance- P. ‘Garnet’. See P. ‘Andenken an Friedrich
and fertile, moist but well-drained, acidic Genus of annuals, perennials, subshrubs shaped, mid-green leaves. From mid- Hahn’.
soil. Propagate by divisions of the rhizome and shrubs, most of which are summer to fall produces an abundance of P. ‘Geoff Hamilton’. Vigorous,
in spring or by seed in fall. semievergreen or evergreen. Prefers full deep rose-red flowers, with golden sheen semievergreen perennial. H 30in (75cm),
P. arisanensis, illus. p.472. sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate and white throats, streaked deep red. S 24in (60cm). Has lance-shaped to oval,
species by seed in fall or spring or by P. ‘Chester Scarlet’, illus. p.237. mid-green leaves. Produces large, open,
PELLAEA softwood or semiripe cuttings of non- Semievergreen perennial. H and S 36in purple flowers, with white throats and
flowering shoots in mid-summer, cultivars (90cm). Large, bright red flowers are borne white-flecked lobes, from early summer
ADIANTACEAE/PTERIDACEAE by cuttings only. See also feature panel above narrowly lance-shaped, light green to fall.
pp.236-7. leaves. Z7–10 H10–7. P. ‘George Home’. Narrow-leaved
Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or P. ‘Alice Hindley’, illus. p.236. Large- P. confertus. Semievergreen, neat, clump- perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).
evergreen ferns. Needs partial shade and leaved, semievergreen perennial. H 36in forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in Produces small, tubular to bell-shaped,
moist but well-drained, gritty soil. Remove (90cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears tubular to (30cm). Bears spikes of tubular, creamy- wine-red flowers, with white throats,
fading fronds regularly. Propagate by bell-shaped, pale lilac-blue flowers, white yellow flowers above long, lance-shaped, the white extending over lips, from mid-
spores in summer. inside, tinged mauve-pink outside, from mid-green leaves in early summer. Z7–10 summer to early or mid-fall.
P. atropurpurea (Purple rock brake, mid-summer to early or mid-fall. Leaves H10–7. P. glaber, illus. p.237. Evergreen, variable
are linear to lance-shaped and mid-green. P. ‘Connie’s Pink’. Semievergreen, erect, subshrub. H and S 20–30in (50–75cm). In
P Purple-stemmed cliff brake). Z7–10 H10–7. much-branched perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), summer produces clusters of snapdragon-
Semievergreen or evergreen fern. H and P. ‘Andenken an Friedrich Hahn’, S 2ft (60cm). Has slender, bright rose-pink like, sky-blue to indigo flowers, with
S 12in (30cm). Small, narrowly lance- syn. P. ‘Garnet’, illus. p.237. Vigorous, flowers, with deep pink corolla lobes and maroon pencilings in white or pale blue
shaped, divided fronds have oblong, blunt semievergreen, bushy perennial. H 2–21/2ft red-pencilled, white throats, from early throats. Lance-shaped to inversely oval
pinnae and are dark green with purplish (60–75cm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears sprays of summer to fall. Pale green leaves are lance- leaves are mid-green. Requires a sunny,
tinge. Z8–10 H10–8. tubular, deep wine-red flowers from mid- shaped to oval. dry site.
P. rotundifolia (Button fern). Evergreen summer to fall. Has narrow, fresh green P. ‘Countess of Dalkeith’. Semievergreen, P. hartwegii. Semievergreen, erect
fern. H and S 6in (15cm). Small, narrowly leaves. Z7–10 H10–7. erect perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). perennial. H 24in (60cm) or more, S 12in
lance-shaped, divided fronds are dark green P. ‘Apple Blossom’, illus. p.236. Produces large, deep purple flowers, with (30cm). Bears sprays of slightly pendent,
and have rounded pinnae. Z8–10 H10–8. Semievergreen, bushy perennial. H and pure white throat. Leaves are linear and light tubular to bell-shaped, scarlet flowers from
S 24in (60cm). Bears sprays of small, green. Z7–10 H10–7. mid- to late summer. Lance-shaped leaves
Pellionia daveauana. See Elatostema tubular, pale pink flowers from mid- P. davidsonii. Evergreen, prostrate shrub. are mid-green. Z4–9 H9–1.
repens. summer onward above narrow, fresh H 3in (8cm) or occasionally more, S 6in P. heterophyllus (Foothill penstemon).
Pellionia repens. See Elatostema repens. green leaves. Z7–10 H10–7. (15cm) or more. In late spring and early Evergreen subshrub. H and S 12–20in
P. ‘Barbara Barker’. See P. ‘Beech Park’. summer, funnel-shaped, violet to ruby-red (30–50cm). In summer produces racemes
PELTANDRA P. barbatus, syn. Chelone barbata flowers, with protruding lips, develop from of tubular to funnel-shaped, pinkish-blue
(Beardlip penstemon), illus. p.237. leaf axils. Leaves are small, oval to rounded flowers, with blue or lilac lobes. Leaves
Arrow arum Semievergreen, rosette-forming perennial. and leathery. Trim after flowering. Z5–9 are linear to lance-shaped, entire and mid-
ARACEAE H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). From mid-summer H9–5. var. menziesii, syn. P. menziesii, green or bluish-green. Z7–10 H10–7.
to early fall bears racemes of slightly H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm), produces ‘Heavenly Blue’ (illus. p.237), H 2ft (60cm),
Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal nodding, tubular, 2-lipped, rose-red flowers. lavender-blue flowers and rounded, S 1ft (30cm), produces tubular, mauve-
water plants, grown for their white flower Flower stems arise from rosettes of oblong toothed leaves. Z6–9 H9–6. tinged, blue flowers from mid-summer
spathes. Needs full sun and wet soil. to oval, mid-green leaves. Z4–9 H9–2. P. diffusus. See P. serrulatus. until first frosts. ‘True Blue’ has pale
Propagate by division of the rhizome P. ‘Beech Park’, syn. P. ‘Barbara Barker’, P. digitalis ‘Husker Red’, illus. p.236. green leaves and pure blue flowers, borne
when dormant or by seed in spring. illus. p.236. Semievergreen perennial. Vigorous, semievergreen or deciduous, on short sideshoots. Trim back after
P. undulata. See P. virginica. H and S 24in (60cm). Bears bright pink and basal-rosetted perennial. H 20–30in flowering. Is suitable for a rock garden.
P. virginica, syn. P. undulata, illus. p.443. white flowers. Leaves are linear and light (50–75cm), S 12in (30cm). Has stems often P. ‘Hidcote Pink’, illus. p.236. Narrow-
green. Z7–11 H12–3. marked reddish-purple bearing inversely leaved perennial. H 24–30in (60–75cm),
Peltiphyllum. See Darmera. P. ‘Blackbird’. Vigorous, semievergreen lance-shaped, entire or sparsely toothed, S 18in (45cm). Produces small, tubular, pale
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 18in (45cm). mid-green leaves that are maroon-red pink flowers, with spreading lobes marked
656 PENNISETUM Produces willowy, purplish-red stems when young. Produces panicles of tubular with crimson lines inside, from mid-
clothed in long, lance-shaped, dark green to bell-shaped, pink-tinted, white flowers, summer to early or mid-fall.
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE leaves and racemes of deep red-purple with purple lines inside, in summer. Z3–8 P. hirsutus. Short-lived, evergreen, open
flowers, with throats densely streaked deep H8–1. subshrub. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 1–2ft
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES red, from mid-summer to fall. P. ‘Ellenbank Amethyst’. Bushy, (30–60cm). In summer produces hairy,
and SEDGES. P. Burford Seedling. See P. ‘Burgundy’. semievergreen perennial. H 36in (90cm), tubular, lipped, purple- or blue-flushed,
P. alopecuroides, syn. P. compressum P. ‘Burford White’. See P. ‘White S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green white flowers. Leaves are oval and dark
(Fountain grass). Tuft-forming, herbaceous, Bedder’.
perennial grass. H 3ft (1m), S 11/2ft (45cm).
Has narrow, mid-green leaves; leaf sheaths
have hairy tip. In late summer bears
arching, cylindrical panicles, with purple
bristles, that last well into winter. Z6–9 H9–6.

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green. Is suitable for a rock garden. Z3–9 creamy-white flowers, with spreading, (80–100cm), S 24in (60cm). Red-purple shaped, light green leaves. Produces
H9–1. var. pygmaeus, illus. p.361. purplish-pink lobes and white throats, stems bear lance-shaped to oval, dark deep rose-red flowers, with a few carmine
P. ‘Hopleys Variegated’, illus. p.237. in summer–fall. As flowers age the pink green leaves. In summer–fall produces lines in white throats, in summer–fall.
Large-leaved, semievergreen perennial. coloration deepens and extends into large, rich, dark red-purple blooms, with P. whippleanus (Whipple’s penstemon),
H 36in (90cm), S 18in (45cm). Is a sport flower tubes. white throats heavily streaked and suffused illus. p.237. Semievergreen, erect, basal-
of P. ‘Alice Hindley’ with yellow-speckled P. ‘Papal Purple’, illus. p.237. dark red, coalescing into dark brown- rosetted perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft
leaves. Semievergreen, mound-forming perennial. purple patch at mouth of each flower tube. (30cm). Has rounded basal leaves and
P. isophyllus, illus. p.153. H 20in (50cm), S 14in (35cm). Has narrowly P. ‘Royal White’. See P. ‘White Bedder’. slender stems bearing lance-shaped,
P. ‘Kilimanjaro’. Vigorous, lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. In summer P. ‘Rubicundus’, illus. p.237. glossy, pale green leaves. In summer,
semievergreen perennial. H 32in (80cm), bears small, rather rounded, white- Semievergreen, erect perennial. H 4ft pendent, tubular, dark purple flowers,
S 24in (60cm). Has long, lance-shaped, throated, lilac-purple flowers. (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears very large, bright with cream-marked throats, are borne
mid-green leaves. From summer to fall P. ‘Penbow’. Semievergreen, bushy, red flowers, with white throat. Leaves are in clusters around raceme. Z3–8 H8–1.
produces long racemes of purplish-pink rather upright perennial. H 36in (90cm), linear and light green. Z6–9 H9–6. P. ‘White Bedder’, syn. P. ‘Burford
flowers, with white throats. S 16in (40cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, P. rupicola (Rock penstemon). Evergreen, White’, P. ‘Royal White’, P. ‘Snow Storm’,
P. ‘King George V’, illus. p.237. Narrow- blue-green leaves. From mid-summer to prostrate shrub. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm). illus. p.236. Semievergreen, free-flowering
leaved perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in fall bears slender racemes of small, tubular, Has rounded to oval, fleshy, blue-gray perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 24in (60cm). Has
(45cm). Bears small, tubular to bell-shaped, bright azure-blue flowers. leaves and, in summer, variable, funnel- white flowers with dark anthers, and linear,
bright deep scarlet flowers, with white P. ‘Pennington Gem’. Vigorous, shaped, pale to deep pink flowers. Is best fresh green leaves. Z7–10 H10–7.
throats, from mid-summer to early or semievergreen perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 18in grown in a rock garden. Z4–9 H9–1.
mid-fall. (45cm). Bears sprays of tubular, pink P. ‘Russian River’, illus. p.237. Vigorous, PENTACHONDRA
P. kunthii, illus. p.236. Variable, flowers from mid-summer to fall. Leaves semievergreen, sturdy, erect perennial.
woody-based, willowy perennial. are narrow and fresh green. Z6–9 H9–6. H 28in (70cm), S 16in (40cm). Purplish EPACRIDACEAE
H 3–4ft (90cm–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has P. ‘Pensham Just Jayne’, illus. p.237. stems bear lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
lance-shaped, toothed, mid-green leaves. Robust, semievergreen, bushy perennial. In summer produces racemes of tubular, Genus of evergreen, spreading shrubs,
From mid-summer to late fall produces H 3–4ft (90cm–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has plum-purple flowers, with lavender-purple grown for their heather-like leaves. Needs
many-flowered racemes of red to maroon- lance-shaped to oval, deep green leaves. throat lined with darker markings. sun and moist, gritty, peaty soil. Is difficult to
red flowers, with white streaks in throats. Produces rich deep cerise-pink flowers, P. ‘Schoenholzeri’, syn. P. ‘Firebird’, illus. grow, especially in hot, dry areas. Propagate
Requires a sunny, dry site. with faintly white-lined, magenta throats, p.237. Vigorous, semievergreen, upright by rooted offsets in spring, by semiripe
P. ‘Madame Golding’. Strong-growing, from early summer to fall. perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1–11/2ft (30–45cm). cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.
semievergreen perennial. H 30in (75cm), P. ‘Pensham Petticoat’. Semievergreen, Produces racemes of trumpet-shaped, P. pumila. Evergreen, mat-forming, dense
S 16–18in (40–45cm). Is similar to P. ‘Old bushy perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 14in brilliant scarlet flowers from mid-summer shrub. H 11/4–4in (3–10cm), S 8in (20cm) or
Candy Pink’, but has paler pink flowers. (35cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green to fall. Lance-shaped to narrowly oval more. Has oblong to narrowly oval,
P. ‘Margery Fish’, illus. p.236. Almost leaves. In summer produces racemes of leaves are mid-green. Z6–9 H9–6. purplish-green leaves. Small, tubular, white
mat-forming, woody-based perennial. large, tubular, rather frilly-looking, white P. scouleri. See P. fruticosus var. scouleri. flowers, with reflexed lobes, in early
H and S 20in (50cm). Has narrow, shiny, flowers, edged with rose-pink. f. albus. See P. fruticosus var. scouleri summer, are followed, though rarely in
mid-green leaves. Produces dense spikes P. ‘Pershore Fanfare’. Vigorous, f. albus. cultivation, by small, spherical, orange
of pale blue to violet-mauve flowers, with semievergreen perennial. H 36in (90cm), P. serrulatus, syn. P. diffusus, illus. p.341. fruits. Z7–10 H10–7.
white penciling in throats, in summer–fall. S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green P. ‘Six Hills’. Evergreen, prostrate shrub.
P. ‘Maurice Gibbs’. Semievergreen leaves. In summer bears racemes of large, H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm). Has rounded, Pentapterygium. See Agapetes.
perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears tubular, lavender-blue flowers, with white fleshy, gray-green leaves. In summer bears
claret-red flowers, with white throats. Has throat striped in darker purple. funnel-shaped, cool lilac flowers at stem PENTAS P
lance-shaped, light green leaves. Z9–11 P. pinifolius, illus. p.340. ‘Mersea tips. Is suitable for a rock garden. Z4–10
H12–3. Yellow’ is an evergreen, bushy subshrub, H10–1. RUBIACEAE
P. menziesii. See P. davidsonii var. H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 10in (25cm). Branched P. ‘Snow Storm’. See P. ‘White Bedder’.
menziesii. stems are clothed in fine, dark green leaves. P. ‘Sour Grapes’, illus. p.237. Genus of mainly evergreen perennials and
P. ‘Modesty’. Strong-growing, In summer, very narrow, tubular, bright Semievergreen perennial. H 36in (90cm), shrubs, grown for their flowers. Needs full
semievergreen, erect perennial. H 3ft deep yellow flowers are borne in loose, S 24in (60cm). Light green leaves are light or partial shade and fertile, well-
(90cm), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has lance-shaped, terminal spikes. narrowly lance-shaped. Bears deep purple- drained soil. Water freely when in full
glossy, olive-green leaves. Produces bright P. ‘Port Wine’, illus. p.237. Vigorous, blue flowers suffused violet. Z7–10 H10–7. growth, moderately at other times. May
red-pink flowers, with white throats semievergreen, upright perennial. H 3ft P. ‘Southgate Gem’. Vigorous, be hard-pruned in winter. Propagate by
sparsely penciled purplish-red, in summer– (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has lance-shaped to semievergreen perennial. H 30in (75cm), softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
fall. oval, mid- to dark green leaves. Produces S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, dark in spring. Is prone to whitefly.
P. ‘Mother of Pearl’, illus. p.236. deep claret to deep purple flowers, with green leaves. Produces an abundance of P. carnea. See P. lanceolata.
Narrow-leaved perennial. H to 30in (75cm), white throats heavily penciled deep claret, bright rose-red flowers, with white throats P. lanceolata, syn. P. carnea, illus. p.300.
S 18in (45cm). Has small, tubular to bell- from early summer to fall. sparsely penciled crimson, in summer–fall.
shaped, pearl-mauve flowers, tinted pink P. procerus. Semievergreen, upright P. ‘Stapleford Gem’, illus. p.236. PEPEROMIA 657
and white, with white throats and red lines, perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 8in (20cm). Semievergreen, large-leaved perennial.
from mid-summer to early or mid-fall. Leaves are oblong to lance-shaped. H to 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears large, PIPERACEAE
P. newberryi (Mountain pride). Evergreen, Produces slim spikes of funnel-shaped, tubular to bell-shaped, lilac-purple flowers
mat-forming shrub. H 6–8in (15–20cm), blue-purple flowers in summer. Is suitable from mid-summer to early or mid-fall; Genus of annuals and evergreen
S 12in (30cm). Branches are covered in for a rock garden. Z4–10 H10–1. upper lips are pale pink-lilac; lower lips and perennials, grown for their foliage. Needs
small, oval, leathery, dark green leaves. P. pulchellus. See P. campanulatus. throats are white with purple lines. Leaves full light or partial shade, ideally in a peat-
Bears short sprays of tubular, lipped, deep P. ‘Raven’, illus. p.237. Strong-growing, are linear to lance-shaped and mid-green. based medium. Do not overwater.
rose-pink flowers in early summer. Trim semievergreen, erect perennial. H 31/2ft Z6–9 H9–6. Propagate by division, by seed or by leaf
back after flowering. Is good for a rock (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has lance-shaped P. ‘Stromboli’, illus. p.236. Vigorous, or stem cuttings in spring or summer.
garden. Z7–10 H10–7. f. humilior, illus. to oval, mid- to dark green leaves. Dark semievergreen perennial. H 2–3ft P. argyreia, syn. P. sandersii (Watermelon
p.340. purple-red flowers, with white throats (60–90cm), S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). Produces peperomia). Evergreen, bushy, compact
P. ‘Old Candy Pink’, syn. P. ‘Candy Pink’. penciled faint, dark red in tubes, pale creamy-white flowers, with purplish- perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Has red-
Strong-growing, semievergreen perennial. coalescing into patches of blackish-purple- pink lobes and faintly purple-pink-streaked, stalked, oval, fleshy, dark green leaves, to
H 30in (75cm), S 16–18in (40–45cm). Has red at lobe bases, are produced freely white throats, in summer–fall. Mid-green 4in (10cm) or more long, striped with broad
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Produces in summer–fall. leaves are lance-shaped to oval. bands of silver. Flowers are insignificant.
bright crimson flowers, with darker P. ‘Red Emperor’. Robust, P. ‘The Juggler’, illus. p.236. Z14–15 H12–10.
crimson lines in white throats and small, semievergreen, erect perennial. H 3ft Semievergreen, erect perennial. H 31/2ft P. caperata, illus. p.465.
rounded, white patches at base of each (90cm), S 18–20in (45–50cm). Has lance- (110cm), S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). Produces P. clusiifolia (Red-edge peperomia).
lobe, from early summer to mid-fall. shaped to oval, mid-green leaves and vivid, white-throated, magenta flowers in Evergreen perennial with branching,
P. ‘Osprey’, illus. p.236. Vigorous, bright scarlet flowers, with golden sheen summer–fall. sometimes prostrate, reddish-green stems.
semievergreen, open-branched perennial. and white throats streaked and suffused P. ‘Torquay Gem’. Semievergreen, H to 8in (20cm), S 10in (25cm). Narrowly
H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has lance- red, in summer–fall. woody-based perennial. H 2ft (60cm), oval, fleshy, dark green leaves, 3–6in
shaped to oval, mid-green leaves. Produces P. ‘Rich Ruby’. Strong-growing, S 12–16in (30–40cm). Has long, lance- (8–15cm) long, have red edges. Flowers are
semievergreen, erect perennial. H 32–39in insignificant. Z14–15 H12–10. ‘Variegata’
has cream-variegated, mid-green leaves,
with red margins.
P. glabella, illus. p.474.

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P. griseoargentea, syn. P. hederifolia PERICALLIS P. angustifolia. See P. hyssopifolia. (1–1.2m), S to 24in (60cm), bears slender
(Ivy-leaf peperomia). Evergreen, bushy P. hyssopifolia, syn. P. angustifolia. spikes of bright red flowers above heart-
perennial. H to 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Evergreen, bushy perennial. H to 2ft shaped leaves in summer–fall. TAURUS
Oval, fleshy leaves, 2in (5cm) or more long, (60cm), S 3–4ft (1–1.2m). Broadly lance- (‘Blotau’), H to 32in (80cm), S to 36in
have heart-shaped base, quilted green Genus of perennials and subshrubs, shaped leaves, 3in (8cm) long, have long- (100cm), bears bright crimson-red
surface and silvery sheen. Flowers are sometimes grown as annuals, especially for pointed tips. Small clusters of tubular, deep flowers; is reputed to be less spreading
insignificant. Z14–15 H12–10. their daisylike flower heads. Requires sun rose-pink flowers are borne in winter. than many other selections.
P. hederifolia. See P. griseoargentea. or partial shade and fertile, well-drained ‘Aureovariegata’, illus. p.476. P. bistorta, syn. Polygonum bistorta
P. magnoliifolia. See P. obtusifolia. soil. Propagate by seed from spring to mid- (Bistort, Snakeweed). ‘Superba’ (illus.
P. marmorata, illus. p.474. summer. Pernettya mucronata. See Gaultheria p.234) is a vigorous, clump-forming
P. metallica (Red tree). Evergreen P. x hybrida, syn. Cineraria cruentus, mucronata. perennial. H 24–40in (60–75cm), S to 24in
perennial with erect, branching, reddish- Cineraria x hybridus, Senecio x hybridus Pernettya prostrata. See Gaultheria (60cm). Produces spikes of soft pink
green stems. H and S to 6in (15cm). (Florists’ cineraria). Slow-growing, myrsinoides. flowers above oval leaves in summer.
Narrowly oval, dark green leaves, to 1in evergreen, mound- or dome-shaped Pernettya pumila. See Gaultheria pumila. Z4–8 H8–1.
(2.5cm) long, have metallic sheen and wide, perennial. H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 10–24in Pernettya tasmanica. See Gaultheria P. campanulata, syn. Polygonum
pale midribs above, reddish-green veins (25–60cm). Has oval, serrated, mid- to deep tasmanica. campanulatum, illus. p.234. Compact,
below. Flowers are insignificant. Z14–15 green leaves. Large, daisylike, single, mat-forming perennial. H and S 3ft
H12–10. semidouble or double flower heads, in PEROVSKIA (1m). Bears branching heads of bell-
P. nummulariifolia. See P. rotundifolia. shades of blue, red, pink or white, shaped, pink or white flowers from mid-
P. obtusifolia, syn. P. magnoliifolia (Baby sometimes bicolored, are produced in LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE summer to early fall. Has oval leaves,
rubber plant, Pepper face). Evergreen winter or spring. Cultivars are grown as brown-felted beneath. Z5–8 H8–5.
perennial. H and S 10in (25cm). Has biennials. Z12–13 H7–1. ‘Brilliant’ has Genus of deciduous subshrubs, grown for ‘Rosenrot’ (illus. p.234), H 4ft (1.2m),
leathery, dull green leaves. Bears spikes large flower heads in mixture of white, their aromatic, gray-green foliage and blue S 3ft (1m), has reddish-pink flowers in
of white flowers, generally in late summer. blue, deep red, copper and rose-pink, and flowers. Requires full sun and very well- summer.
Z14–15 H12–10. ‘Green and Gold’ has bicolors. ‘Royalty’ is late-flowering, with drained soil. Cut plants back hard, almost P. capitata, syn. Polygonum capitatum.
green leaves with golden-yellow margins. flower heads in sky-blue, cherry-red, lilac to base, in spring, as new growth starts. Compact, spreading perennial. H 2in
‘Variegata’, illus. p.474. with white eye, and bicolors. ‘Spring Propagate by softwood cuttings in late (5cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Small, oval
P. rotundifolia, syn. P. nummulariifolia Glory’ has flowers in mixture of colors in spring. leaves are green with darker marks.
(Yerba linda). Evergreen, creeping spring. ‘Star Wars’, H 6in (15cm), S 8in P. atriplicifolia (Russian sage). Deciduous, Small, spherical heads of pink flowers
perennial. H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 12in (30cm) (20cm), is compact, with flower heads in upright subshrub. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). are borne in summer. Is suitable for a
or more. Very slender stems produce tiny, mixture of white, blue, rose-pink, carmine- Gray-white stems bear narrowly oval, rock garden or bank. Z8–9 H9–8.
rounded, fleshy, bright green leaves, red and purple; is ideal for a small container. coarsely toothed leaves. Produces 2-lipped, P. macrophylla, syn. P. sphaerostachya,
1/2in (1cm) wide. Flowers are insignificant. P. Senetti Series SENETTI BLUE BICOLOR violet-blue flowers in long, slender spikes, Polygonum macrophyllum, Polygonum
Is useful for a hanging basket. Z14–15 (‘Sunseneribuba’), illus. p.314. from late summer to mid-fall. Z6–9 H9–6. sphaerostachyum, illus. p.265.
H12–10. P. ‘Blue Spire’, illus. p.159. P. microcephala. Spreading, leafy,
P. rubella. Evergreen perennial with PERILLA P. ‘Hybrida’. Deciduous, upright subshrub. rhizomatous perennial. H to 2ft (60cm), S 3ft
erect, branching, red stems. H and S 6in H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Has oval, deeply (1m) or more. Has lance-shaped, reddish-
(15cm). Narrowly oval, fleshy, dark green LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE lobed and toothed leaves and, from late green leaves, with darker zonal markings.
summer to mid-fall, tall spires of 2-lipped, Branching stems bear small, rounded
P leaves, 1/2in (1cm) long, crimson below, are Genus of annuals, grown for their foliage. deep lavender-blue flowers. Z6–9 H9–6. heads of minute, white flowers in summer.
in whorls of 4. Flowers are insignificant. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil. ‘Red Dragon’ (illus. p.234), H 28in (70cm),
Z14–15 H12–10. Pinch out growing tips of young plants to PERSICARIA has deep red leaves, marked with silvery
P. sandersii. See P. argyreia. encourage a bushy habit. Propagate by chevron. Leaves develop greenish tints as
P. scandens (False philodendron). seed sown under glass in early spring. Fleeceflower, Knotweed they age.
Evergreen, climbing or trailing perennial P. frutescens (Shiso). Moderately fast- P. milletii, syn. Polygonum milletii.
with pinkish-green stems. H and S to 3ft growing, upright, bushy annual. H 24in POLYGONACEAE Compact perennial. H and S 24in (60cm).
(1m). Oval, pointed, fleshy leaves, to 2in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oval, toothed, Produces slender spikes of rich crimson
(5cm) or more long, are waxy and bright aromatic, reddish-purple leaves. In summer Genus of annuals, sometimes invasive flowers from mid-summer to early fall.
green. Flowers are insignificant. Z14–15 produces spikes of very small, tubular, perennials and rarely evergreen, Narrowly lance-shaped leaves are mid-
H12–10. white flowers. H12–1. semievergreen or deciduous subshrubs, green. Z5–8 H8–5.
P. ‘Magilla Vanilla’, illus. p.318. grown for their fall leaf color. Has spikes P. polymorpha, illus. p.234. Clump-
658 PERESKIA or panicles of small, usually long-lasting, forming, leafy perennial. H and S 6ft (2m)
PERIPLOCA white, pink or red flowers. Needs sun or or more. Sturdy, branching stems bear
CACTACEAE partial shade and moist soil. Propagate by large, elliptic-lance-shaped, mid-green
ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE seed in spring, divide perennials in spring leaves. In mid-summer produces frothy,
Genus of deciduous cacti, some of which terminal heads of tiny, long-lasting,
are climbing, with fleshy leaves and woody, Genus of deciduous or evergreen, twining or fall. T Contact with all parts may creamy-white flowers.
green, then brown stems. Is considered climbers, grown for their leaves. Stems P. sphaerostachya. See P. macrophylla.
the most primitive genus of the Cactaceae, exude milky juice if cut. Needs sun and irritate skin; the sap may cause mild P. vacciniifolia, syn. Polygonum
producing true leaves unlike most well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in stomach upset if ingested. vacciniifolium, illus. p.373.
members of the family. Needs sun and spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. P. affinis, syn. Polygonum affine P. virginiana. Rather variable, clump-
well-drained soil. Water moderately in (Himalayan knotweed). Evergreen, mat- forming perennial. H to 4ft (1.2m), S to 2ft
summer. Propagate by stem cuttings in T The fruits and sap may cause stomach forming perennial. H 6–12in (15–30cm), (60cm). Oval, pale green leaves have
spring or summer. S 12in (30cm) or more. Sturdy stems bear brownish-mauve blotches, brightest in
P. aculeata, illus. p.479. var. upset if ingested. small, lance-shaped, glossy, green leaves spring. In late summer produces spikes
godseffiana. See P. aculeata ‘Godseffiana’. P. graeca (Silk vine). Deciduous, twining that turn red-bronze in winter. From mid- of insignificant, green flowers. Z5–9 H9–5.
‘Godseffiana’, syn. P. aculeata var. climber. H to 28ft (9m). Oval, glossy leaves summer to mid-fall produces dense spikes ‘Batwings’, H and S to 32in (80cm), has
godseffiana is a fast-growing, deciduous, are 1–2in (2.5–5cm) long. In summer has of small, funnel-shaped, rose-red flowers, narrrowly oval leaves with dark red
erect, then climbing cactus. H to 30ft (10m), clusters of 8–12 greenish-yellow flowers, fading to pale pink. Is good on a bank or chevron mark. ‘Lance Corporal’ (illus.
S 15ft (5m). Broadly oval, slightly fleshy, purplish-brown inside, with 5 lobes. Scent in a rock garden. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Darjeeling p.234), H and S to 32in (80cm), has a rich
orange-brown leaves, 31⁄2in (9cm) long, of flowers is thought by some to be Red’, H 8–10in (20–25cm), has long spikes brown chevron mark on each leaf.
usually purplish beneath, mature to glossy unpleasant. Pairs of narrowly cylindrical of deep red flowers. ‘Donald Lowndes’, ‘Painter’s Palette’, syn. Tovara virginiana
green. Short flower stems, bearing seed pods, 5in (12cm) long, contain winged, illus. p.365. ‘Superba’ (illus. p.234) is ‘Painter’s Palette’, Polygonum virginianum
roselike, single, orange-centered, cream tufted seeds. Z6–8 H8–6. vigorous and has pale pink flowers, ‘Painter’s Palette’ (illus. p.234) has green
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, are produced in becoming deep pinkish-red, with red leaves with central, brown zones, ivory-
fall only on plants more than 3ft (1m) high. PERISTROPHE calyces; leaves turn rich brown in fall. yellow splashes and stripes and an overall
Cut back hard to main stems in fall. Z12–15 P. amplexicaulis, syn. Polygonum deep pink tinge. Seldom flowers in
H12–10. ACANTHACEAE amplexicaule (Bistort, Mountain fleece). cultivation.
P. grandifolia, syn. Rhodocactus Clump-forming, leafy perennial. H and
grandifolius, illus. p.485. Genus of mainly evergreen perennials and S 4ft (1.2m). Bears profuse spikes of small,
subshrubs, grown usually for their flowers. rich red flowers in summer–fall. Has
Needs sun or partial shade and well- oval to heart-shaped, mid-green leaves.
drained soil. Do not over-water plants Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Alba’, H 36in (90cm), S 48in
in winter. Propagate by stem cuttings in (120cm), has showy spikes of white
spring or summer. flowers. ‘Firetail’ (illus. p.234), H to 3–4ft

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PETASITES 3/4in (2cm) long, bear conical spike of P. Aladdin Series. Grandiflora petunia. P. ‘Red Satin’. Multiflora petunia.
small, fluffy, white flowers, with prominent H to 12in (30cm), S 12–36in (30–90cm). Has H 6–12in (5–30cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm).
Butterbur, Sweet coltsfoot stamens, in summer. Z6–9 H9–6. flowers in a range of colors, including Has brilliant scarlet flowers.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE P. hendersonii. Evergreen, mound- strong shades of red and salmon-pink. P. Resisto Series. Multiflora petunia.
forming shrub. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 4–6in Z9–11 H12–1. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 12in (30cm). Have
Genus of invasive perennials, grown for (10–15cm). Has branched stems covered in P. Carpet Series. Multiflora petunia. intense blue and rose-pink flowers. Z9–11
their usually large leaves and useful as hairy, rounded, blue-green leaves. Conical H 8–10in (20–25cm), S 12–36in (30–90cm). H12–1.
groundcover. Needs partial or full shade spikes of small, cup-shaped, fluffy, white Bears flowers in color range that includes P. ‘Sunsolos’. See P. Surfinia Series
and prefers moist but well-drained soil. to creamy flowers are produced on stems, strong reds and oranges. Z8–11 H12–1. SURFINIA BLUE VEIN.
Propagate by division in spring or fall. 1in (2.5cm) long, in summer. Z6–9 H9–6. P. Cascade Series. Grandiflora petunia. P. Surfinia Series SURFINIA BLUE VEIN
P. fragrans (Winter heliotrope). H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 12–36in (30–90cm). (‘Sunsolos’) illus. p.311. Surfinia Series
Spreading, invasive perennial. H 9–12in PETRORHAGIA Trailing stems produce flowers in wide SURFINIA LIME (‘Keiyeul’), illus. p.316.
(23–30cm), S 4ft (1.2m). Has rounded to range of colors. ‘Surfinia Purple’ is a vigorous
heart-shaped, dark green leaves. Small, CARYOPHYLLACEAE P. ‘Cherry Tart’. Multiflora petunia. Grandiflora petunia. H 9–16in (23–40cm),
vanilla-scented, daisylike, pinkish-white H 6–12in (5–30cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). S 12–36in (30–90cm). Bears masses of
flower heads are produced in late winter Genus of annuals and perennials, grown Bears double, deep pink-and-white flowers. magenta flowers with purple veining.
before foliage. Z7–9 H9–7. for their flowers. Is suitable for rock P. ‘Colour Parade’. Grandiflora petunia. Has good wet-weather tolerance.
P. japonicus (Fuki). Spreading, invasive gardens and banks. Prefers sun and well- H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 12–36in (30–90cm). P. Tumbelina Series PRISCILLA
perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 5ft (1.5m). In drained, sandy soil. Propagate by seed in Has wide color range of flowers with (‘Kerpril’), illus. p.311.
early spring produces dense cones of fall. Self-seeds readily. ruffled petals. P. WonderWave Series ‘Wave Purple’.
small, daisylike, yellowish-white flowers P. saxifraga, syn. Tunica saxifraga, illus. P. Daddy Series. Grandiflora petunia. Very vigorous, trailing or spreading
before large, light green leaves emerge. p.361. ‘Rosette’ is a mat-forming H 14in (35cm), S 12–36in (30–90cm). Bear Multiflora petunia. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 3ft
Z5–9 H9–5. perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Has large, heavily veined flowers in pastel to (1m). Has prolific, single, vibrant magenta
tufts of grasslike leaves. In summer, slender deep pink, salmon-pink, purple or flowers.
PETCHOA stems bear a profusion of cup-shaped, lavender-blue. Daddy Series ‘Sugar
double, white to pale pink flowers, Daddy’, illus. p.312. PHACELIA P
SOLANACEAE sometimes veined deeper pink. P. Flash Series. Compact, Grandiflora
petunia. H 9–16in (23–40cm), S 12–36in HYDROPHYLLACEAE/BORAGINACEAE
Hybrid genus (Calibrachoa x Petunia) PETTERIA (30–90cm). Produce flowers in range of
of trailing, evergreen perennials, grown bright colors, including bicolors. Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials.
as annuals for their colorful flowers. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE P. ‘Gypsy’. Multiflora petunia. H 6–12in Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Tall
Is suitable for hanging baskets and (5–30cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). Has salmon- species may need support. Propagate by
containers. Needs sun and moist but Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, red flowers.
well-drained soil. Propagate by cuttings. grown for its flowers. Is related to P. Jamboree Series. Multiflora petunia. seed in spring or early fall. T Contact with
P. Supercal Series SUPERCAL NEON ROSE Laburnum, differing in its erect racemes. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 12–36in (30–90cm).
(‘Kakegawa S89’), illus. p.303. Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained Produce pendulous stems bearing flowers foliage may aggravate skin allergies.
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in in range of colors. P. campanularia, illus. p.314.
PETREA P. ‘Keiyeul’. See P. Surfinia Series P. tanacetifolia (Fiddleneck). Moderately
summer or by seed in fall. T The seeds SURFINIA LIME. fast-growing, upright annual. H 24in (60cm)
VERBENACEAE P. ‘Kerpril’. See P. Tumbelina Series or more, S 12in (30cm). Has feathery, deep
may cause stomach upset if ingested. PRISCILLA. green leaves. In summer bears spikes of bell-
Genus of evergreen shrubs and woody- P. ramentacea (Dalmatian laburnum). P. ‘Magic Cherry’. Compact, Grandiflora shaped, lavender-blue flowers. Z5–10 H9–1.
stemmed, twining climbers, grown for Deciduous, upright shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft petunia. H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 12–24in
their flowers. Needs full light and fertile, (1m). Has dense, upright spikes of fragrant, (30–60cm). Has cherry-red flowers. PHAEDRANASSA
well-drained soil. Water regularly when laburnum-like, yellow flowers in late spring P. ‘Mirage Velvet’. Multiflora petunia,
in full growth, less at other times. Provide and early summer. Mid-green leaves have 3 illus. p.308. Queen lily
support. Thin out and spur back crowded oval leaflets. P. Pearl Series. Dwarf, Multiflora
growth in spring. Propagate by semiripe petunia. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 8–20in AMARYLLIDACEAE
cuttings in summer. Mealy bug and PETUNIA (20–50cm). Bear small flowers in wide
whitefly may cause problems. range of colors. Genus of bulbs, grown for their tubular,
P. volubilis, illus. p.463. SOLANACEAE P. Picotee Series. Grandiflora petunia. often pendent flowers. Needs full sun or
H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 12in (30cm). Have partial shade and fairly rich, well-drained
PETROCOSMEA Genus of annuals and perennials, wholly flared, somewhat trumpet-shaped, red soil. Feed with high-potash fertilizer in
grown as annuals, with showy, colorful flowers, edged with white. Z9–11 H12–1. summer. Reduce watering in winter.
GESNERIACEAE flowers. Needs a sunny, sheltered position P. Picotee Ruffled Series. Multiflora Propagate by seed or offsets in spring.
and fertile, well-drained soil. Deadhead petunia. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 12–36in P. carmioli, illus. p.410.
Genus of evergreen, rhizomatous regularly. Propagate by seed sown under (30–90cm). Bear ruffled flowers, edged
perennials. Needs partial shade and well- glass in fall or mid-spring. May suffer from with white, in range of colors. Phaedranthus buccinatorius. See
drained, peaty soil. Propagate by seed in viruses, including cucumber mosaic and P. Plum Crazy Series. Multiflora Distictis buccinatoria.
early spring or by leaf cuttings in early tomato spotted wilt. petunia. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 12–36in Phaiophleps biflora. See Olsynium
summer. (30–90cm). Produce flowers with biflorum.
P. kerrii, illus. p.361. The many cultivars that have been contrasting veins and throats. Colors
produced are moderately fast-growing, available include white, with yellow throat PHAIUS
Petrophyton. See Petrophytum. branching, bushy plants, H 6–12in (15–30cm), and veins, and shades of violet, pink and
S 12in (30cm), with oval, mid- to deep green magenta, all with darker throats and veins. ORCHIDACEAE
PETROPHYTUM leaves, usually 2–5in (5–12cm) long. In P. Primetime Series. Multiflora petunia.
summer–fall, they produce flared, H to 14in (35cm), S 12–36in (30–90cm). Bear See also ORCHIDS.
SYN. PETROPHYTON trumpet-shaped, single or double flowers in flowers in very wide range of colors, P. tankervilleae (Nun orchid), illus. p.467.
Rock spirea a wide range of colors (available in mixtures including white, blue, pink or red, some Semievergreen, terrestrial orchid. H 30in
ROSACEAE or singly), including blue, violet, purple, red, with dark veins or central stars, or picotee (75cm). Tall spikes of flowers, 31/2in (9cm)
pink and white. Some have dark veining, margin. Z9–11 H12–1. across, brown within, silvery-gray outside
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering central white stars, halos (throats in P. ‘Razzle Dazzle’. Grandiflora petunia. and with long, red-marked, pink lips, are
shrubs, grown for their spikes of small, contrasting colors), or picotee margins. H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 12–36in (30–90cm). produced in early summer. Has broadly
fluffy flowers. Is good for growing on Petunias are generally hardy in Z11 H12–1. Has flowers in various colors, striped with oval, ribbed leaves, 24in (60cm) long.
tufa or in alpine houses. Needs sun white. Provide partial shade in summer. H11–6.
and gritty, well-drained, alkaline soil. The cultivars are divided into 2 groups, P. Recoverer Series. Grandiflora
May be difficult to grow. Propagate by Grandiflora and Multiflora petunias. petunia. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 12in (30cm). PHALAENOPSIS 659
softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer Have large, flared, trumpet-shaped, white
or by seed in fall. Aphids and red spider Grandiflora petunias have very large flowers. Z9–11 H12–1. Moth orchid
mite may be troublesome in hot weather. flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, but they are
P. caespitosum. Evergreen, mat-forming easily damaged by rain and are best grown ORCHIDACEAE
shrub. H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). in sheltered hanging baskets and pots.
Has clusters of small, spoon-shaped, silky- See also ORCHIDS.
hairy, bluish-green leaves. Flower stems, Multiflora petunias are bushier than P. Allegria. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for
the Grandiflora petunias, and produce a warm greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Produces
smaller flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, in greater sprays of white flowers, to 5in (12cm) across;
quantity. They tend to be more resistant to flowering season varies. Broadly oval, fleshy
rain damage, and are excellent for summer
bedding or for a mixed border.

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leaves are 6in (15cm) long. Needs shade in flowers, in early summer, are followed by and rich, moist, acidic soil. Apply an green leaves, to 18in (45cm) long.
summer. Z14–15 H12–6. small, rounded, black fruits. Z4–7 H8–5. annual dressing of leaf mold. Propagate P. laciniatum. See P. pedatum.
P. cornu-cervi. Evergreen, epiphytic P. chinense, illus. p.75. by semiripe cuttings in summer or by P. melanochrysum (Black gold
orchid for a warm greenhouse. H 6in suckers in fall. philodendron, Velour philodendron).
(15cm). Yellowish-green flowers, 2in (5cm) Phemeranthus sediformis. See P. magellanica. Evergreen, erect shrub. Robust, fairly slow-growing, evergreen,
across, with brown marks, are borne Talinum okanoganense. H 3ft (90cm), S 6ft (2m). Bears trumpet- woody-based, root climber. H 10ft (3m) or
successively, either singly or in pairs, in shaped, waxy, crimson-pink flowers, in more. Heart-shaped leaves, to 30in (75cm)
summer. Has broadly oval leaves, 4in PHILADELPHUS leaf axils, from mid-summer to late fall. long, are lustrous, deep olive-green with
(10cm) long. Needs shade in summer. Narrowly oblong, dark green leaves are coppery sheen and pale veins. Z14–15
Z14–15 H12–6. Mock orange bluish-white beneath. Z7–8 H8–7. H12–10.
P. Lady Pink Lips gx, illus. p.466. P. pedatum, syn. P. laciniatum. Slow-
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a warm HYDRANGEACEAE/PHILADELPHACEAE PHILLYREA growing, evergreen, woody-based, root
greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Tall, pendent climber. H 6–10ft (2–3m). Has oval, glossy,
spikes of pink flowers, 31/2in (9cm) across, Genus of deciduous, mainly summer- OLEACEAE deep green leaves, 12–32in (30–80cm) long,
are borne at varying times of year. Broadly flowering shrubs, grown for their usually with 5 or 7 prominent lobes. Z14–15 H12–1.
oval leaves are 4in (10cm) long. Requires fragrant flowers. Needs sun and fertile, well- Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, P. sagittatum. See P. sagittifolium.
shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. drained soil. After flowering, cut some older with inconspicuous flowers, grown for P. sagittifolium, syn. P. sagittatum. Slow-
P. Lundy gx, illus. p.467. Evergreen, shoots back to young growths, leaving their foliage. Prefers full sun and fertile, growing, evergreen, woody-based, root
epiphytic orchid for a warm greenhouse. young shoots to flower the following year. well-drained soil. To restrict growth, cut climber. H 6–10ft (2–3m). Oval, glossy,
H 6in (15cm). Has sprays of red-striped, Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer. back in spring. Propagate by semiripe bright green leaves, with basal lobes, are up
yellow flowers, 3in (8cm) across; flowering May become infested with aphids. cuttings in summer. to 16–24in (40–60cm) long. Z14–15 H12–1.
season varies. Broadly oval leaves are P. ‘Beauclerk’, illus. p.127. P. angustifolia. Evergreen, bushy, dense P. scandens, illus. p.463.
9in (23cm) long. Needs shade in summer. P. ‘Belle Etoile’, illus. p.128. shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Leaves are P. selloum. See P. bipinnatifidum.
Z14–15 H12–6. P. ‘Boule d’Argent’, illus. p.128. narrowly oblong and dark green. Small, P. trifoliatum. See Syngonium auritum.
P. coronarius (Mock orange). ‘Aureus’ fragrant, 4-lobed, greenish-white flowers,
PHALARIS is a deciduous, upright shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), in late spring and early summer, are PHLEBODIUM
S 5ft (1.5m). Clusters of very fragrant, followed by spherical, blue-black fruits.
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE 4-petaled, creamy-white flowers are Z7–9 H9–7. POLYPODIACEAE
produced in late spring and early summer. P. decora. See Osmanthus decorus.
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS RUSHES Oval, golden-yellow, young leaves turn P. latifolia. Evergreen, rounded shrub Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
and SEDGES. yellow-green in summer. Protect from full or tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Has oval, glossy, ferns. Needs full light or partial shade and
P. arundinacea var. picta, syn. sun. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘Variegatus’, illus. p.131. dark green leaves. Bears tiny, fragrant, rich, moist but well-drained soil. Remove
P. arundinacea ‘Picta’ (Gardeners’ garters). P. ‘Dame Blanche’, illus. p.129. 4-lobed, greenish-white flowers, from late fading fronds regularly. Propagate by
Evergreen, spreading, perennial grass. P. delavayi. Deciduous, upright shrub. spring to early summer, followed by division in spring or by spores in summer.
H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. Has broad, white- H 10ft (3m), S 8ft (2.5m). Dense clusters of spherical, blue-black fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. P. aureum, syn. Polypodium aureum, illus.
striped leaves and produces narrow very fragrant, 4-petaled, white flowers, p.478. ‘Mandaianum’, illus. p.479.
panicles of spikelets in summer. Z4–9 H9–1. with sometimes purple-flushed, green PHILODENDRON
‘Picta’. See P. arundinacea var. picta. sepals, open from early to mid-summer. PHLOMIS
Leaves are dark green, oval and toothed. ARACEAE
Phanerophlebia fortunei. See Z6–9 H9–6. f. melanocalyx, syn. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
P. purpurascens, illus. p.131. Genus of evergreen shrubs and woody-
P Cyrtomium fortunei. P. ‘Lemoinei’, syn. P. x lemoinei, illus. p.129. based root climbers, grown for their leaves. Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
Phaseolus caracalla. See Vigna caracalla. P. magdalenae. Deciduous, bushy shrub. Intermittently bears insignificant flowers. shrubs and perennials, grown for their
Phedimus aizoon. See Sedum aizoon. H and S 12ft (4m). Bark peels on older Needs partial shade and rich, well-drained conspicuous, hooded flowers, which are
Phedimus kamtschaticus. See Sedum shoots. Narrowly oval, dark green leaves soil. Water moderately, sparingly in cold borne in dense whorls, and for their
kamtschaticum. set off fragrant, 4-petaled, white flowers in weather. Provide support. Young stem tips foliage. Prefers full sun and well-drained
Phedimus spurius. See Sedum spurium. late spring and early summer. Z6–8 H8–6. may be removed to promote branching. soil. Propagate by seed in fall, shrubs by
P. ‘Manteau d’Hermine’, illus. p.149. Propagate by leaf-bud or stem-tip cuttings softwood cuttings in summer, perennials
PHEGOPTERIS P. purpurascens. See P. delavayi f. by division in spring.
melanocalyx. in summer. T All parts may cause severe P. cashmeriana. Evergreen, upright
Beech fern P. ‘Sybille’. Deciduous, arching shrub. shrub. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
H 4ft (1.2m), S 6ft (2m). Bears masses of discomfort if ingested; contact with sap Produces masses of 2-lipped, pale lilac
THELYPTERIDACEAE fragrant, 4-petaled, white flowers, with may irritate skin. flowers in summer. Narrowly oval, mid-
central, pink stain, in early and mid-summer. P. auritum of gardens. See Syngonium green leaves have woolly, white undersides.
Genus of deciduous ferns. Grow in partial Leaves are mid-green and oval. Z5–8 H8–5. auritum. Z8–9 H9–8.
shade and rich, moist but well-drained soil. P. ‘Virginal’. Vigorous, deciduous, P. bipinnatifidum, syn. P. selloum, illus. P. chrysophylla (Goldleaf Jerusalem
Propagate by division in spring or by upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 8ft (2.5m). Has p.458. sage). Evergreen, rounded, stiffly branched
spores in summer. oval, dark green leaves. Produces masses of P. ‘Burgundy’. Slow-growing, evergreen, shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Bears 2-lipped,
P. connectilis, syn. Thelypteris phegopteris large, very fragrant, double or semidouble, woody-based, root climber. H 6ft (2m) or golden-yellow flowers in early summer.
(Narrow beech fern). Deciduous fern. H 9in pure white flowers in loose racemes from more. Has narrowly oblong, red-flushed, Oval leaves are gray-green when young,
(23cm), S 12in (30cm). Broadly lance-shaped, early to mid-summer. Z5–8 H8–5. deep green leaves, to 12in (30cm) long, becoming golden-green. Z9–10 H10–9.
mid-green fronds, each consisting of tiny, wine-red beneath. Z14–15 H12–1. P. fruticosa, illus. p.160.
triangular pinnae on wiry stalks, arise from x PHILAGERIA P. cordatum. See P. hederaceum. P. italica, illus. p.152.
creeping rootstock. Is useful for P. domesticum, syn. P. hastatum P. longifolia var. bailanica. Evergreen,
groundcover. Z4–6 H6–1. LILIACEAE/PHILESIACEAE (Elephant’s ear). Fairly slow-growing, bushy shrub. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Leaves
evergreen, woody-based, root climber. are oblong to heart-shaped, deeply veined
660 PHELLODENDRON Hybrid genus (Philesia x Lapageria) of one H 6–10ft (2–3m). Lustrous, bright green and bright green. Has 2-lipped, deep
evergreen, scrambling or twining shrub. leaves, 12–16in (30–40cm) long, are arrow- yellow flowers from early to mid-summer.
Cork tree Needs partial shade and well-drained, shaped on young plants and later have Z8–9 H9–8.
preferably acidic soil. Propagate by prominent, basal lobes. Z14–15 H12–1. P. russeliana, illus. p.243.
RUTACEAE layering in late summer or fall. P. erubescens (Blushing philodendron,
x P. veitchii. Evergreen, scrambling or Red-leaf philodendron). Evergreen, erect, PHLOX
Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their twining shrub. H 10–12ft (3–4m). Has woody-based, root climber. H to 10ft (3m).
foliage, which colors well in fall. Male and oblong, slightly toothed leaves. Nodding, Oval to triangular leaves, 6–10in (15–25cm) POLEMONIACEAE
female flowers are produced on different tubular, rose-pink flowers are produced long, have long, red stalks and are dark
plants. Young growth is susceptible to in leaf axils in summer. Z11–13 H12–10. green with lustrous, coppery flush. Z14–15 Genus of mainly late spring- or summer-
damage by late frosts. Needs full sun and H12–1. flowering annuals and perennials, some
fertile, well-drained soil. Does best in hot PHILESIA P. hastatum of gardens. See of which are semievergreen or evergreen,
summers. Propagate by softwood cuttings P. domesticum. grown for their terminal panicles or
in summer, by seed in fall or by root LILIACEAE/PHILESIACEAE P. hederaceum, syn. P. cordatum (Heart profusion of brightly colored flowers.
cuttings in late winter. leaf). Moderately vigorous, evergreen, Prefers sun or partial shade and fertile,
P. amurense (Amur cork tree). Deciduous, Genus of one species of evergreen shrub, woody-based, root climber. H 10ft (3m) or moist but well-drained soil; some species
spreading tree. H 40ft (12m), S 50ft (15m). grown for its showy flowers. Thrives only more. Has heart-shaped, lustrous, rich
Has corky, dark bark when old. Aromatic, in mild, moist areas. Needs partial shade
glossy, dark green leaves, with 5–11 oblong
leaflets, turn yellow in fall. Tiny, green

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prefer acidic soil; in light, dry soils is better Solitary, flat, white flowers are borne in PHOENIX deciduous species, for their fall color and
grown in partial shade. Trim back rock early summer above fine, needlelike, hairy fruits. Protect evergreen species from
garden species after flowering. Propagate leaves. Is suitable for a rock garden. Needs PALMAE/ARECACEAE strong, cold winds. Requires sun or partial
rock garden species and hybrids by sun and very well-drained soil. shade and fertile, well-drained soil; some
cuttings from non-flowering shoots in P. maculata (Meadow phlox, Wild sweet Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their species prefer acidic soil. Propagate
spring or summer; species by seed in fall or William). Erect perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 11/2ft overall appearance and their edible fruits. evergreen and deciduous species by
spring; P. maculata, P. paniculata and their (45cm). In summer produces cylindrical Prefers full light and fertile, well-drained semiripe cuttings in summer, deciduous
cultivars also by division in early spring or panicles of tubular, 5-lobed, mauve-pink soil. Water container specimens species also by seed in fall.
by root cuttings in winter; and annuals by flowers above oval, mid-green leaves. Z5–8 moderately, less during winter. Propagate P. arbutifolia. See Heteromeles salicifolia.
seed in spring. P. maculata, P. paniculata H8–1. ‘Alpha’ has rose-pink flowers. by seed in spring at not less than 75°F P. davidiana, illus. p.90.
and their cultivars are susceptible to ‘Omega’ has white flowers, each with (24°C). Red spider mite may be a nuisance. P. x fraseri. Group of evergreen, hybrid
eelworm. See also feature panel p.240. lilac eye. P. canariensis (Canary Island date palm). shrubs. H and S 15ft (5m). Have oblong,
P. adsurgens. Evergreen, mat-forming, P. paniculata (Garden phlox). Upright Evergreen, upright palm with a robust dark green leaves. Young growths are
prostrate perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 12in perennial, seldom grown, as is replaced trunk. H 60ft (18m) or more, S 30ft (10m) or attractive over a long period. Has good
(30cm). Woody-based stems are clothed in in gardens by its more colorful cultivars. more. Feather-shaped, arching leaves, to resistance to damage by late frosts. Z8–9
oval, light to mid-green leaves. In summer H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Tubular, 5-lobed 15ft (5m) long, are divided into narrowly H9–8. ‘Birmingham’ has heads of small,
produces terminal clusters of short- flowers are borne in conical heads above lance-shaped, leathery, bright green white flowers in late spring. ‘Red Robin’,
stemmed, saucer-shaped, purple, pink or oval, mid-green leaves in late summer. Z4–8 leaflets. Bears large, pendent clusters of illus. p.111.
white flowers, with overlapping petals. Is H8–1. ‘Aida’ is purple-red, each flower tiny, yellowish-brown flowers that on P. nussia. Evergreen, spreading tree.
good for a rock garden or peat bed. Prefers with purple eye. Flowers of ‘Amethyst’ mature specimens are followed by shortly H and S 20ft (6m). Produces oblong,
partial shade and gritty, peaty, acidic soil. (illus. p.240) are pale lilac with paler-edged oblong, yellow to red fruits in fall–winter. leathery, glossy, dark green leaves and
Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Wagon Wheel’, illus. p.363. petals. ‘Balmoral’ has large, rosy-mauve Z11–12 H12–10. saucer-shaped, 5-petaled, white flowers in
P. amoena ‘Variegata’. See flowers. ‘Brigadier’ (illus. p.240) has deep P. roebelenii (Miniature date palm, mid-summer, followed by rounded, orange-
P. x procumbens ‘Variegata’. orange-red flowers. ‘Bright Eyes’ has Pygmy date palm). Evergreen palm with red fruits. Z9–10 H10–9.
P. bifida, illus. p.366. pale pink flowers, each with red eye. ‘Eva slender trunk. H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 3–6ft P. serratifolia, syn. P. serrulata, illus.
P. caespitosa. Evergreen, mound- Cullum’ (illus. p.240) has clear pink flowers (1–2m). Has feather-shaped, arching, p.111.
forming, compact perennial. H 3in (8cm), with magenta eyes. ‘Eventide’ produces glossy, dark green leaves, 3–4ft (1–1.2m) P. serrulata. See P. serratifolia.
S 5in (12cm). Leaves are narrow and lavender-blue flowers. ‘Fujiyama’. See long, and, in summer, large panicles of tiny, P. villosa (Oriental photinia). Deciduous,
needlelike. Solitary, almost stemless, P. paniculata ‘Mount Fuji’. Flowers of ‘Graf yellow flowers. Egg-shaped, black fruits upright shrub or spreading tree. H and
saucer-shaped, lilac or white flowers are Zeppelin’ are white with red centers. are borne in pendent clusters, 18in (45cm) S 15ft (5m). Oval, dark green leaves,
borne in summer. Is suitable for a rock ‘Hampton Court’ (illus. p.240) has mauve- long, in fall. Z11–12 H12–10. bronze-margined when young, become
garden or trough. Needs sun and very well- blue flowers and dark green foliage. brilliant orange-red in fall. Clusters of
drained soil. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Harlequin’ has reddish-purple flowers. PHORMIUM 5-petaled flowers, produced in late spring,
P. ‘Camla’, illus. p.365. Leaves are variegated ivory-white. ‘Junior are followed by spherical, red fruits.
P. ‘Chattahoochee’. See P. divaricata Bouquet’ has deep pink flowers with AGAVACEAE/HEMEROCALLIDACEAE Prefers acidic soil. Z4–9 H9–1.
subsp. laphamii‘Chattahoochee’. prominent, white eye. ‘Le Mahdi’ has
P. divaricata (Blue phlox, Wild sweet deep purple flowers. ‘Mia Ruys’ (illus. Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for PHRAGMIPEDIUM P
William, Woodland phlox). Semievergreen, p.240), H 18in (45cm), has large, white their bold, sword-shaped leaves. Requires
creeping perennial. H 12in more (30cm) or flowers, ‘Mother of Pearl’ has white sun and moist but well-drained soil. ORCHIDACEAE
more, S 8in (20cm). In early summer, flowers tinted pink. ‘Mount Fuji’, syn. Propagate by division or seed in spring.
upright stems bear saucer-shaped, P. paniculata ‘Fujiyama’, illus. p.230. P. ‘Bronze Baby’. Evergreen, upright See also ORCHIDS.
lavender-blue flowers in loose clusters. ‘Norah Leigh’ (illus. p.240) has pale lilac perennial. H and S 18–24in (45–60cm). Has P. besseae (illus. p.467). Evergreen,
Leaves are oval. Is suitable for a rock flowers and ivory-variegated leaves. tufts of bold, stiff, pointed, wine-red leaves. terrestrial orchid for an intermediate
garden or peat bed. Prefers partial shade ‘Prince of Orange’, illus. p.235. ‘Russian Panicles of reddish flowers are occasionally greenhouse. H 3ft (1m). Pouch-lipped,
and moist but well-drained, peaty soil. Violet’ is of open habit and has pale lilac- produced on purplish stems in summer. bright scarlet red, orange-red or yellow
Z4–8 H8–1. subsp. laphamii, illus. p.341. blue flowers. Flowers of ‘Sandringham’ Z9–11 H12–6. flowers are borne in upright racemes in
subsp. laphamii ‘Chattahoochee’, syn. have widely spaced petals and are pink P. colensoi. See P. cookianum. spring. Has strap-shaped leaves. Needs
P. ‘Chattahoochee’, illus. p.341. with darker centers. ‘Sir John Falstaff’ P. cookianum, syn. P. colensoi (Mountain shade in summer. H11–1.
P. douglasii. ‘Boothman’s Variety’, has large, deep salmon flowers, each with flax). Evergreen, upright perennial. H 3–6ft P. caudatum. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
illus. p.366. ‘Crackerjack’, illus. p.365. a cherry-red eye. ‘White Admiral’ (1–2m), S 1ft (30cm). Has tufts of sword- for an intermediate greenhouse. H 24in
‘May Snow’ is an evergreen, mound- bears pure white flowers. Those of shaped, dark green leaves. Panicles of (60cm). In summer produces sprays of
forming perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 8in ‘Windsor’ (illus. p.240) are carmine-rose tubular, pale yellowish-green flowers are flowers with light green and tan sepals and
(20cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green with red eyes. borne in summer. Z9–11 H12–1. ‘Black pouches and drooping, ribbon-like, yellow
leaves. Masses of saucer-shaped, white P. x procumbens ‘Millstream’. Adder’ has burgundy-black leaves. subsp. and brownish-crimson petals. Has
flowers are borne in early summer. Is Evergreen, prostrate perennial. H to 6in hookeri ‘Tricolor’ has leaves striped narrowly oval leaves. Needs shade in
suitable for a rock garden, wall or bank. (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has narrowly oval, vertically with red, yellow and green. summer. Z14–15 H12–10.
Vigorous, compact ‘Red Admiral’, glossy, green leaves. In early summer bears ‘Variegatum’ has cream-striped leaves.
H 6in (5cm), has crimson flowers. small, saucer-shaped, white-eyed, deep P. ‘Dazzler’, illus. p.216. PHUOPSIS
P. drummondii (Annual phlox). Beauty lavender-pink flowers. Is suitable for a rock P. tenax (New Zealand flax). Evergreen,
Series is a group of moderately fast- garden. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Variegata’, syn. upright perennial. H 10ft (3m), S 3–6ft RUBIACEAE
growing, compact, upright annuals. H 6in P. amoena ‘Variegata’, H 1in (2.5cm), S 10in (1–2m). Has tufts of sword-shaped, stiff,
(15cm), S 4in (10cm). Has lance-shaped, (25cm), has white-margined leaves and dark green leaves. Panicles of tubular, dull Genus of one species of mat-forming,
pale green leaves. From summer to early bright cerise-pink flowers. red flowers are produced on short, slightly summer-flowering perennial, grown for
fall produces heads of star-shaped flowers P. stolonifera (Creeping phlox). glaucous green stems in summer. Thrives its small, pungent, tubular flowers. Is good
in many colors, including red, pink, blue, Evergreen, prostrate, spreading perennial. by the sea. Z9–11 H12–6. ‘Aurora’ has for groundcover, especially on banks and in
purple and white. Buttons Series, H and H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. leaves vertically striped with red, bronze, rock gardens. Needs sun and well-drained
S 6–10in (15–25cm), has flowers in range of Has small, saucer-shaped, pale blue flowers salmon-pink and yellow. Purpureum soil. Propagate by division in spring, by
colors from deep red to pink and white. in early summer. Leaves are oblong to oval. Group, H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), S 3ft (1m), has semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
H12–1. ‘Carnival’ has larger flowers with Prefers moist, peaty, acidic soil. Is good for rich reddish-purple to dark copper leaves. in fall.
contrasting centers. ‘Chanal’, illus. p.305. a peat bed or rock garden. Z4–8 H8–1. Z9–11 H11–2. ‘Veitchianum’, syn. P. tenax P. stylosa, syn. Crucianella stylosa, illus.
‘Petticoat’ has bicolored flowers. ‘Ariane’, illus. p.359. ‘Blue Ridge’ has ‘Veitchii’ bears broad, creamy-white- p.338.
‘Sternenzauber’, syn. P. drummondii masses of lavender-blue flowers. striped leaves. ‘Veitchii’. See P. tenax
‘Twinkle’ has star-shaped flowers in bright P. subulata (Creeping phlox, Moss phlox). ‘Veitchianum’. PHYGELIUS 661
mixture of colors, some with contrasting Evergreen, mound-forming perennial. H 4in
centers. ‘Twinkle’. See P. drummondii (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Bears fine, needlelike PHOTINIA SCROPHULARIACEAE
‘Sternenzauber’. leaves. Masses of star-shaped, white, pink
P. ‘Emerald Cushion’, illus. p.367. or mauve flowers are produced in early SYN. STRANVAESIA Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
P. hoodii. Evergreen, compact, prostrate summer. Is good for a sunny rock garden. shrubs and subshrubs, grown for their
perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm). Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Marjorie’, illus. p.365. ROSACEAE showy, tubular flowers. Grows best if
planted in a sheltered position; will attain a
Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs considerably greater height when grown
and trees, with small, white flowers, grown against a south- or west-facing wall. Needs
for their foliage and, in the case of

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sun and fertile, well-drained but not too leaves and, in late spring and summer, grow well on shallow, chalky soil. Thin flushed, white-and-green flowers, borne in
dry soil. Cut back to just above ground stalked, bell-shaped, white flowers from established plants occasionally by cutting terminal racemes in summer, are followed
level in spring, or, if plants have woody tips. Z3–7 H7–1. some older shoots back to ground level by poisonous, rounded, fleshy, blackish-
bases, prune to live wood. Propagate by P. taxifolia. See P. caerulea. after flowering. Propagate by softwood purple berries. Z5–9 H9–5.
softwood cuttings in summer. cuttings in summer. P. clavigera. See P. polyandra.
P. aequalis, illus. p.156. ‘Yellow PHYLLOSTACHYS P. opulifolius (Ninebark). Deciduous, P. decandra. See P. americana.
Trumpet’, illus. p.160. arching, dense shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft P. polyandra, syn. P. clavigera. Sturdy,
P. capensis (Cape figwort, Cape fuchsia). GRAMINEAE/POACEAE (5m). Has peeling bark and broadly oval, upright perennial. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Has
Evergreen or semievergreen, upright toothed and lobed, mid-green leaves. Bears brilliant crimson stems and oval to lance-
subshrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has tubular, See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES clusters of tiny, at times pink-tinged, white shaped, mid-green leaves that turn yellow
curved, bright orange-red flowers, with red and SEDGES. flowers in early summer. Z3–7 H7–1. in fall. In summer bears clusters of
mouth and yellow throat, from mid-summer P. aurea, illus. p.288. ‘Dart’s Gold’, illus. p.159. shallowly cup-shaped, pink flowers,
to early fall, in tall, slender spires amid P. aureosulcata (Yellow-groove bamboo). followed by poisonous, blackish-purple
triangular, dark green leaves. Z8–9 H9–8. Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo. PHYSOPLEXIS berries. Z5–9 H9–5.
P. x rectus ‘Winchester Fanfare’. H 20–25ft (6–8m), S indefinite. Rough,
Evergreen or semievergreen, upright brownish-green stems have striped sheaths CAMPANULACEAE PICEA
subshrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has and yellow grooves. Mid-green leaves are
triangular, dark green leaves. Pendulous, up to 6in (15cm) long; flowers are Genus of one species of tufted perennial, Spruce
tubular, dusky, reddish-pink flowers, with unimportant as they are so rarely grown for its flowers. Is good grown on
scarlet lobes and yellow throat, are borne produced. Z5–11 H12–3. tufa, in rock gardens, troughs and alpine PINACEAE
from mid-summer to early fall. Z8–9 H9–8. P. bambusoides, illus. p.287. houses. Needs sun and very well-drained,
P. flexuosa (Zigzag bamboo). Evergreen, alkaline soil, but should face away from Genus of conifers with needlelike leaves set
Phyllanthus nivosus. See Breynia clump-forming bamboo. H 20–25ft (6–8m), midday sun. Keep fairly dry in winter. on a pronounced peg on the shoots and
disticha. S indefinite. Has slender, markedly zigzag Propagate by seed in fall or by softwood arranged spirally. Cones are pendulous and
stems that turn black with age. Leaf cuttings in early summer. Is susceptible ripen in their first fall; scales are woody
X PHYLLIOPSIS sheaths have no bristles. Leaves stay to slug damage. and flexible. See also CONIFERS.
fresh green all winter. Z6–11 H11–1. P. comosa, syn. Phyteuma comosum, illus. P. abies, illus. p.98. Z3–8 H8–1.
ERICACEAE P. ‘Henonis’. See P. nigra f. henonis. p.366. ‘Clanbrassiliana’ is a slow-growing,
P. nigra, illus. p.286. f. henonis, syn. rounded and spreading conifer. H 15ft (5m),
Hybrid genus (Phyllodoce x Kalmiopsis) of P. ‘Henonis’ illus. p.287. PHYSOSTEGIA S 10–15ft (3–5m). Has needlelike, dark
one species of evergreen shrub, grown for P. viridiglaucescens, illus. p.287. green leaves and bears pendulous cones.
its flowers. Is suitable for peat beds and P. vivax f. aureocaulis, illus. p.289. Obedient plant ‘Gregoryana’, H and S 2ft (60cm), is slow-
rock gardens. Needs partial shade and growing, with a dense, globose form.
peaty, acidic soil. Trim back after flowering x PHYLLOTHAMNUS LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ‘Inversa’, H 15–30ft (5–10m), S 6ft (2m),
to maintain a compact habit. Propagate has an erect leader, but pendent side
by semiripe cuttings in late summer. ERICACEAE Genus of summer- to early fall-flowering branches. ‘Little Gem’, H and S 12–20in
x P. hillieri ‘Pinocchio’. Evergreen, perennials. Needs sun and fertile, moist (30–50cm), has nest-shaped, central
upright shrub. H 8in (20cm), S 10in (25cm). Hybrid genus (Phyllodoce x Rhodothamnus) but well-drained soil. Propagate by division depression caused by spreading branches.
Branched stems bear thin, oval leaves. of one species of evergreen shrub, grown in spring. ‘Nidiformis’, H 3ft (1m), S 3–6ft (1–2m), is
Long, open clusters of bell-shaped, very for its foliage and flowers. Is good for P. virginiana (False dragonhead, a slow-growing, bushy shrub with a hollow
peat beds and rock gardens. Needs a Obedient plant). Erect perennial. H 3ft (1m), “nest” in center. ‘Ohlendorffii’ (illus.
P deep pink flowers are produced in spring sheltered, partially shaded site and moist, S 2ft (60cm). In late summer produces p.105), H and S 3ft (1m), is slow-growing,
and intermittently thereafter. Z4–8 H8–1. acidic soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings spikes of hooded, 2-lipped, rose-purple initially rounded, becoming conical with
in late summer. flowers, with hinged stalks that allow age. ‘Reflexa’, H 1ft (30cm), S 15ft (5m), is
Phyllitis scolopendrium. See x P. erectus. Evergreen, upright shrub. flowers to remain in position once moved. prostrate and ground-hugging, but may be
Asplenium scolopendrium. H and S 6in (15cm). Has small, linear, Has lance-shaped, toothed, mid-green trained up a stake, to form a mound of
glossy, deep green leaves. Clusters of leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. subsp. speciosa weeping foliage.
PHYLLOCLADUS slender-stalked, bell-shaped, soft rose-pink ‘Variegata’. See P. virginiana ‘Variegata’. P. breweriana, illus. p.99.
flowers are produced in late spring and ‘Summer Snow’ has pure white flowers. P. engelmannii, illus. p.99.
Celery pine early summer. Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Variegata’, syn. P. virginiana subsp. P. glauca (White spruce). Narrowly
speciosa ‘Variegata’, illus. p.233. ‘Vivid’, conical conifer. H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 12–
PHYLLOCLADACEAE/PODOCARPACEAE PHYSALIS illus. p.280. 15ft (4–5m). Glaucous shoots produce blue-
green leaves. Ovoid, light brown cones fall
See also CONIFERS. Ground cherry PHYTEUMA after ripening. Z2–7 H7–2. var. albertiana
P. aspleniifolius (Tasman celery pine). ‘Conica’, syn. P. glauca ‘Albertiana
Slow-growing, upright conifer. H 15–30ft SOLANACEAE CAMPANULACEAE Conica’, H 6–15ft (2–5m), S 3–6ft (1–2m), is
(5–10m), S 10–15ft (3–5m). Instead of true of neat, pyramidal habit and slow-growing,
leaves has flattened, leaflike shoots known Genus of summer-flowering perennials and Genus of early- to mid-summer-flowering with longer leaves and smaller cones. Z2–6
as phylloclades; these are dull dark green annuals, grown mainly for their lantern-like perennials that are useful for rock gardens. H6–1. ‘Albertiana Conica’. See P. glauca
and resemble celery leaves in outline. calyces and fruits, produced in fall. Needs Needs sun and well-drained soil. Propagate var. albertiana‘Conica’. ‘Coerulea’, illus.
Produces inedible, white-coated nuts, sun or partial shade and well-drained soil. by seed in fall. p.99. ‘Echiniformis’, H 20in (50cm), S 36in
with fleshy, red bases. Propagate by division or softwood cuttings P. comosum. See Physoplexis comosa. (90c), is a dwarf, flat-topped, rounded form.
P. trichomanoides, illus. p.101. in spring, annuals by seed in spring or fall. P. scheuchzeri, illus. p.342. P. likiangensis, illus. p.100.
P. mariana (Black spruce). Conical conifer,
662 PHYLLODOCE T All parts of P. alkekengi, except the fully PHYTOLACCA whose lowest branches often layer naturally,
forming ring of stems around parent plant.
ERICACEAE ripe fruit, may cause mild stomach upset Pokeweed H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 10ft (3m). Leaves are
if ingested; contact with foliage may bluish-green or bluish-white. Oval cones are
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their irritate skin. PHYTOLACCACEAE dark gray-brown. Z3–6 H6–1. ‘Doumetii’,
heather-like leaves and flowers. Needs P. alkekengi (Chinese lantern, Japanese illus. p.103. ‘Nana’, H 20in (50cm), S 20–32in
partial shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil. lantern). Spreading perennial, grown as Genus of perennials and evergreen (50–80cm), is a neat shrub with blue-gray
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in late an annual. H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). shrubs and trees, grown for their overall foliage. Z2–6 H6–1.
summer or by seed in spring. Inconspicuous, nodding, star-shaped, appearance and decorative but poisonous P. x mariorika ‘Gnom’, syn. P. omorika
P. caerulea, syn. P. taxifolia, illus. p.334. white flowers in summer are followed fruits. Needs sun or partial shade and ‘Gnom’. Shrublike conifer. H to 5ft (1.5m),
P. empetriformis, illus. p.334. by rounded, bright orange-red fruits, fertile, moist soil. Propagate by seed in S 3–6ft (1–2m). Has pendent branches
P. x intermedia. ‘Fred Stoker’ is an surrounded by inflated, orange calyces. arching at tips. Dark green leaves are white
evergreen, upright shrub. H and S 9in Leaves are mid-green and oval. Z3–9 H8–1. fall or spring. T All parts may cause beneath. Z5–8 H8–5.
(23cm). Has narrow, glossy, green leaves. P. morrisonicola, illus. p.101.
From late spring to early summer produces PHYSOCARPUS severe discomfort if ingested; the fruit P. omorika, illus. p.98. ‘Gnom’. See
terminal clusters of pitcher-shaped, bright of P. americana may be lethal if eaten. P. x mariorika ‘Gnom’. ‘Nana’ is a slow-
reddish-purple flowers on slender, red stalks. ROSACEAE Contact with the sap may irritate skin. growing, rounded or oval conifer. H and
Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Drummondii’, illus. p.333. P. americana, syn. P. decandra (Pigeon
P. nipponica. Evergreen, upright shrub. Genus of deciduous, mainly summer- berry, Pokeweed, Red ink plant). Upright,
H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). flowering shrubs, grown for their foliage spreading perennial. H and S 4–5ft
Freely branched stems bear fine, linear and flowers. Requires sun and fertile, not (1.2–1.5m). Oval to lance-shaped, mid-
too dry soil. Prefers acidic soil and does not green leaves are tinged purple in fall.
Shallowly cup-shaped, sometimes pink-

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S 3ft (1m). Branches are pendulous and oval, glossy leaves are brilliant red when PILOSOCEREUS conifer. H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 15–25ft P
arch out at tips. Has dark green leaves that young, then turn pink, cream and finally (5–8m). Has pendent, glaucous blue leaves
are white below. Violet-purple cones age dark green. White flowers are borne with CACTACEAE and conical, green cones ripening 663
to glossy brown. Z3–7 H7–1. young leaves from mid- to late spring. to brown. Z6–8 H8–6.
P. orientalis (Caucasian spruce, Oriental Z6–9 H9–6. Genus of columnar, summer-flowering, P. ayacahuite, illus. p.95.
spruce). Columnar, dense conifer. H 70ft P. formosa. Evergreen, bushy, dense perennial cacti with wool-like spines in P. banksiana, illus. p.102.
(20m), S 15ft (5m). Has glossy, deep green shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Large, oblong, flowering zones at crowns. Some species P. bungeana (Lacebark pine), illus. p.78.
leaves and ovoid to conical, dark purple glossy, dark green leaves are bronze are included in Cephalocereus. Needs Slow-growing, bushy conifer. H 30–50ft
cones ripening to brown, the males brick- when young. Bears large clusters of white full sun and very well-drained soil. (10–15m), S 15–20ft (5–6m). Has gray-green
red in spring. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Aurea’ has flowers from mid- to late spring. Z7–9 Propagate by seed or stem cuttings bark that flakes to reveal creamy-yellow
golden, young foliage in spring, later H9–7. var. forrestii ‘Wakehurst’, in spring or summer. patches, darkening to red or purple. Leaves
turning green. ‘Skylands’, illus. p.99. illus. p.137. ‘Henry Price’ has deep- P. leucocephalus, syn. P. palmeri, illus. are dark green. Z4–7 H7–1.
P. pungens (Colorado spruce). Columnar veined leaves, which are bronze-red p.483. P. cembra, illus. p.101.
conifer. H 50ft (15m), S 15ft (5m). Has scaly, when young. P. palmeri. See P. leucocephalus. P. cembroides, illus. p.103.
gray bark and very sharp, sturdy, grayish- P. japonica, illus. p.110. ‘Daisen’ is an P. chylla. See P. wallichiana.
green or bright blue leaves. Cylindrical, evergreen, rounded, dense shrub. H and PIMELEA P. contorta, illus. p.102. var. latifolia,
light brown cones have papery scales. Z3–8 S 10ft (3m). Oval, bronze leaves mature illus. p.101. ‘Spaan’s Dwarf’ is a conical,
H8–1. ‘Globosa’ (illus. p.105) is a slow- to glossy, dark green. Bears drooping THYMELAEACEAE open, dwarf conifer with short, stiffly erect
growing, rounded form of dense habit and clusters of red-budded, deep pink flowers shoots. H and S 30in (75cm). Has bright
glaucous-blue leaves. Z2–8 H8–1. in spring. Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Dorothy Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their green leaves in 2s and conical to ovoid
‘Hoopsii’, H 30–50ft (10–15m), has silvery- Wyckoff’ has deep crimson buds, flowers and overall appearance. Needs full cones. Z6–8 H8–6.
blue foliage. ‘Koster’, illus. p.99. opening to pink flowers; foliage is bronze sun and well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. P. coulteri, illus. p.96.
‘Montgomery’, H and S 3ft (1m), is dwarf, in winter. Z6–8 H8–4. Young foliage of Water container plants moderately, less P. densiflora (Japanese red pine). Flat-
compact, spreading or conical, with gray- ‘Mountain Fire’ is brilliant red. Z5–9 when temperatures are low. Needs good topped conifer. H 50ft (15m), S 15–22ft
blue leaves. H9–1. ‘Scarlett O’Hara’, illus. p.120. winter light and ventilation in northern (5–7m). Has scaling, reddish-brown bark,
P. sitchensis (Sitka spruce). Very The leaves of Taiwanensis Group, syn. temperate greenhouses. Propagate by bright green leaves and conical, yellow or
vigorous, broadly conical conifer. P. taiwanensis, S 15ft (5m), are narrow, seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings pale brown cones. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘Alice
H 100–160ft (30–50m) in damp locations, and bronze-red when young. Bears in late summer. Verkade’, H and S 30in (75cm),
50–70ft (15–20m) in dry situations, S 20–30ft clusters of white flowers in early and P. ferruginea, illus. p.454. is a rounded form and has fresh green
(6–10m). Develops bark scales on old trees. mid-spring. Z3–6 H6–1. Slow-growing leaves. ‘Tagyosho’. See P. densiflora
Has prickly, bright deep green leaves and ‘Variegata’ has small leaves, edged PINELLIA ‘Umbraculifera’. ‘Umbraculifera’, syn.
cylindrical, papery, pale brown or whitish with white. Z6–8 H8–4. P. densiflora ‘Tagyosho’, H 12ft (4m), S 20ft
cones. Is good on an exposed site or one P. nana, syn. Arcterica nana. Evergreen, ARACEAE (6m), is a slow-growing, rounded or
with poor soil. Z7–8 H8–7. prostrate shrub. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S 4–6in umbrella-shaped form.
P. smithiana (Himalayan spruce). Slow- (10–15cm). Has tiny, oval, leathery, dark Genus of summer-flowering, tuberous P. excelsa. See P. wallichiana.
growing conifer, conical when young, green leaves, usually in whorls of 3, on fine perennials, grown for their slender, hood- P. griffithii. See P. wallichiana.
columnar with horizontal branches and stems that root readily. In early spring like, green spathes, each enclosing and P. halepensis, illus. p.102.
weeping shoots when mature. H 80–100ft bears small, terminal clusters of white concealing a pencil-shaped spadix. Needs P. heldreichii, syn. P. heldreichii var.
(25–30m), S 20ft (6m). Has dark green flowers, with green or red calyces. Is partial shade or sun and rich soil. Water leucodermis, P. leucodermis, illus. p.98.
leaves and cylindrical, bright brown cones. excellent for binding a peat wall or in a well in spring–summer. Is dormant in ‘Compact Gem’, syn. P. heldreichii var.
Z7–8 H8–1. rock garden. Z3–6 H6–1. winter. Propagate by offsets in early spring leucodermis ‘Compact Gem’ is a broadly
P. taiwanensis. See P. japonica or by bulbils borne in leaf axils in late conical, dense, dwarf conifer. H and
PICRASMA Taiwanensis Group. summer. S 10–12in (25–30cm). Has very dark green
P. ternata. Summer-flowering, tuberous leaves in 2s. Grows only 1in (2.5cm) a
SIMAROUBACEAE PILEA perennial. H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 4–6in (10– year. Z6–8 H8–6. var. leucodermis.
15cm). Has erect stems crowned by oval, See P. heldreichii. var. leucodermis
Genus of deciduous trees, grown URTICACEAE flat, 3-parted leaves. Leafless stem bears ‘Compact Gem’. See P. heldreichii
for their brilliant fall color. Produces tubular, green spathe, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) long, ‘Compact Gem’. var. leucodermis
insignificant flowers in late spring. Genus of bushy or trailing annuals and with hood at tip. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Schmidtii’. See P. heldreichii ‘Smidtii’.
Requires sun or partial shade and fertile, evergreen perennials, grown for their ‘Smidtii’, syn. P. heldreichii var.
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall. ornamental foliage. Needs partial or full PINGUICULA leucodermis ‘Schmidtii’ (illus. p.105) is
P. ailanthoides. See P. quassioides. shade and well-drained soil. Keep out of a dwarf form, with an ovoid habit and
P. quassioides, syn. P. ailanthoides, illus. drafts and do not over-water in winter. Butterwort sharp, dark green leaves.
p.92. Pinch out tips in growing season to avoid LENTIBULARIACEAE P. x holfordiana, illus. p.95.
straggly plants. Propagate perennials by P. insignis. See P. radiata.
PIERIS stem cuttings in spring or summer, annuals Genus of summer-flowering perennials P. jeffreyi, illus. p.97.
by seed in spring or fall. Red spider mite with sticky leaves that trap insects and P. leucodermis. See P. heldreichii.
ERICACEAE may be a problem. digest them for food. Is useful in pots P. mugo (Mountain pine, Mugo pine).
P. cadierei, illus. p.465. under glass among plants at risk from Spreading, shrubby conifer. H 10–15ft
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their P. involucrata, syn. P. mollis (Friendship aphids. Needs sun and wet soil. (3–5m), S 15–25ft (5–8m). Has bright to dark
foliage and small, profuse, urn-shaped plant, Panamiga). Evergreen, bushy Propagate by division in early spring green leaves in 2s and ovoid, brown cones.
flowers. Needs a sheltered site in sun or perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Oval or by seed in fall. Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Gnom’, H and S to 6ft (2m),
partial shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil. to rounded, corrugated, bronze leaves, to P. caudata. See P. moranensis var. caudata. and ‘Mops’ (illus. p.105), H 3ft (1m), S 6ft
P. floribunda, however, grows well in any 2in (5cm) long, are reddish-green below; P. grandiflora, illus. p.368. (2m), are rounded cultivars.
acidic soil. Young shoots are sometimes leaves are green when grown in shade. P. moranensis var. caudata, syn. P. P. muricata, illus. p.97.
frost-killed in spring and should be cut Z14–15 H12–1. caudata. Basal-rosetted perennial. P. nigra (Austrian pine, European black
back as soon as possible. Dead-heading P. mollis. See P. involucrata. H 5–6in (12–15cm), S 2in (5cm). Leaves are pine). Upright, later spreading conifer. H to
after flowering improves growth. P. nummulariifolia, illus. p.474. narrowly oval and dull green with inrolled, 100ft (30m), S 20-25ft (6–8m). Has dark
Propagate by soft-tip or semiripe cuttings purplish margins. In summer, 5-petaled, green leaves in 2s and ovoid, yellow-brown
PILEOSTEGIA deep carmine flowers are produced on long cones. Is generally grown in one of the
in summer. T Leaves may cause severe stems. Z13–15 H12–10. following forms. Z5–8 H8–4.
HYDRANGEACEAE ‘Hornibrookiana’, H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 6ft
discomfort if ingested. PINUS (2m), is shrubby with sturdy, spreading or
P. ‘Bert Chandler’. Evergreen, bushy Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed root erect branches. subsp. laricio, syn. P.
shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Lance- climbers. Tolerates sun and shade and Pine nigra var. maritima (Corsican pine) is fast-
shaped leaves are bright pink when young, needs well-drained soil; is therefore useful PINACEAE growing and narrowly conical with an
becoming creamy-yellow, then white and for planting against a north wall. Prune in open crown; bears gray-green leaves and
finally dark green. Produces white flowers spring, if required. Propagate by semiripe Genus of small to large conifers with ovoid to conical, yellow- or pale gray-
only very rarely. Likes an open position. cuttings in summer. spirally arranged leaves in bundles, brown cones. var. maritima see P. nigra
Z7–9 H9–7. P. viburnoides, syn. Schizophragma usually of 2, 3 or 5 needles. Cones ripen
P. floribunda, illus. p.120. viburnoides, illus. p.196. over 2 years and are small in the first year.
P. ‘Forest Flame’. Evergreen, upright See also CONIFERS.
shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m). Narrowly P. aristata, illus. p.103.
P. armandii (Armand pine). Conical, open

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subsp. laricio. subsp. nigra, illus. p.98. PISONIA P. andreana. Evergreen, clump-forming, PITYROGRAMMA
P. parviflora, illus. p.99. ‘Adcock’s basal-rosetted perennial. H 8in (20cm),
Dwarf’ is a slow-growing, rounded, dense, NYCTAGINACEAE S 12in (30cm) or more. Loose rosettes PTERIDACEAE/ADIANTACEAE
dwarf conifer. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 5–6ft comprise narrowly lance-shaped,
(1.5–2m). Bears gray-green leaves in 5s Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, strongly arching, green leaves, gray- Genus of semievergreen or evergreen ferns,
and ovoid cones. grown for their foliage and overall scaled beneath. Racemes of tubular, suitable for hanging baskets. Needs partial
P. patula, illus. p.97. appearance. Needs full light or partial orange-and-red flowers are borne shade and rich, moist but well-drained soil.
P. peuce, illus. p.95. shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water in summer. Remove fading fronds regularly. Water
P. pinaster, illus. p.97. container specimens freely when in full P. heterophylla. Evergreen, basal-rosetted carefully to avoid spoiling farina on fronds.
P. pinea, illus. p.104. growth, moderately at other times. Pruning perennial with swollen, much-branched Propagate by spores in late summer.
P. ponderosa, illus. p.97. is tolerated, if required. Propagate by seed rhizomes. H 4in (10cm) or more, S to 12in P. triangularis (Goldback fern).
P. pumila (Dwarf Siberian pine). in spring or by semiripe cuttings in (30cm). Outer leaves resemble barbed Semievergreen or evergreen fern. H and
Spreading, shrubby conifer. H 6–10ft summer. spines, inner leaves are strap-shaped, low- S 18in (45cm). Has broadly triangular,
(2–3m), S 10–15ft (3–5m). Has bright blue- P. brunoniana. See P. umbellifera. arching and green, with downy, white delicately divided, mid-green fronds with
green leaves in 5s. Ovoid cones are violet- P. umbellifera, syn. P. brunoniana, undersides. Produces almost stemless spikes orange or creamy-white farina. Z10–11
purple, ripening to red-brown or Heimerliodendron brunonianum (Bird- of tubular, bright red or rarely white flowers H12–9.
yellow-brown, the males bright red-purple catcher tree, Parapara). Evergreen, in summer. Z13–15 H12–1.
in spring. Z3–6 H7–1. ‘Globe’, H and rounded shrub or tree. H and S 10–20ft Plagiorhegma dubia. See Jeffersonia
S 11/2–3ft (50cm–1m), has a rounded habit (3–6m). Bears oval, leathery, lustrous PITTOSPORUM dubia.
and blue foliage. leaves. In spring produces clusters of tiny,
P. radiata, syn. P. insignis, illus. p.98. green or pink flowers, followed by PITTOSPORACEAE PLANTAGO
P. rigida, illus. p.100. 5-winged, sticky, brownish fruits. Z13–15
P. strobus, illus. p.96. ‘Radiata’ is a H12–10. Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, Plantain
rounded, dwarf conifer with an open, grown for their ornamental foliage and
sparse, whorled crown. H 3–6ft (1–2m), PISTACIA fragrant flowers. Does best in mild areas; PLANTAGINACEAE
S 6–10ft (2–3m). Gray bark is smooth at in cold regions, grow against a south- or
first, later fissured. Bears gray-green leaves Pistachio west-facing wall. P. crassifolium and Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
in 5s and cylindrical cones. P. ralphii make wind-resistant hedges in biennials and evergreen perennials and
P. sylvestris (Scots pine), illus. p.78. ANACARDIACEAE mild, coastal areas; like forms with shrubs. Many species are weeds, but
Conifer, upright and with whorled variegated or purple leaves, prefer sun. a few are grown for their foliage and
branches when young, that develops a Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees, Others will grow in sun or partial shade. architectural value. Needs full sun and
spreading, rounded crown with age. grown for their foliage and overall All need well-drained soil. Propagate well-drained soil. Water container plants
H 50–80ft (15–25m), S 25–30ft (8–10m). appearance. Requires full light and well- P. dallii by budding in summer, other moderately, sparingly in winter. Propagate
Bark is flaking and red-brown on upper drained, even dry soil. Water container species by seed in fall or spring or by by seed or division in spring.
trunk, fissured and purple-gray at base. plants moderately when in full growth, semiripe cuttings in summer, selected P. nivalis, illus. p.376.
Has blue-green leaves in 2s and conical, sparingly at other times. Pruning is forms by semiripe cuttings only in summer.
green cones that ripen to pale gray- or tolerated, if necessary. Propagate by P. crassifolium (Karo). Evergreen, PLATANUS
red-brown. Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Aurea’, illus. seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings bushy-headed, dense tree or shrub. H 15ft
in summer. (5m), S 10ft (3m). Has oblong, dark green Plane, Sycamore
P p.104. ‘Beuvronensis’, H and S 3ft (1m), P. lentiscus (Mastic tree). Evergreen, leaves, gray-felted beneath. Clusters of
is a rounded shrub. Z2–7 H7–1. ‘Doone irregularly rounded shrub or tree. H 15ft small, fragrant, star-shaped, dark reddish- PLATANACEAE
Valley’, H and S 3ft (1m), is an upright, (5m), S to 10ft (3m). Leaves are divided into purple flowers are borne in spring. Z9–11
irregularly shaped shrub. Z2–7 H7–1. 2–5 pairs of oval, leathery, glossy leaflets. H12–10. Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
‘Fastigiata’, syn. P. sylvestris f. Axillary clusters of insignificant flowers, P. dallii, illus. p.119. habit, foliage and flaking bark. Flowers
fastigiata, H to 25ft (8m), S 3–10ft (1–3m), from spring to early summer, are followed P. eugenioides (Lemonwood, Tarata). are inconspicuous. Spherical fruit clusters
has a narrow, obelisk habit; suffers wind by globose, red then black fruits in fall. Evergreen, columnar tree. H 30ft (10m), hang from shoots in fall. Needs full sun and
damage in an exposed site. Z2–7 H7–1. Z9–11 H12–9. S 15ft (5m). Narrowly oval, wavy-edged deep, fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
‘Gold Coin’, H and S 6ft (2m), is a dwarf P. terebinthus (Cyprus turpentine, leaves are glossy, dark green. Honey- species by seed in fall, P. x hispanica by
version of P.s. ‘Aurea’. ‘Nana’ of Terebinth tree). Deciduous, rounded to scented, star-shaped, pale yellow flowers hardwood cuttings in early winter. All except
gardens. See P. sylvestris ‘Watereri’. ovoid tree. H 20–28ft (6–9m), S 10–20ft are produced in spring. Z9–11 H12–10. P. orientalis are susceptible to the fungal
‘Watereri’, syn. P. sylvestris ‘Nana’, (3–6m). Leaves have 5–9 oval, usually ‘Variegatum’, illus. p.93.
H and S 20in (50cm), has a very lustrous, rich green leaflets. Axillary P. ‘Garnettii’, illus. p.119. disease plane anthracnose. T Contact
dense habit and widely spaced leaves. clusters of small flowers, in spring and P. ralphii. Evergreen, bushy-headed tree
Z2–7 H7–1. early summer, are followed by tiny, or shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m). Large with the basal tufts of hair on the fruits may
P. thunbergii, illus. p.100. globular to ovoid, red then purple-brown leaves are oblong, leathery and gray-green, irritate the skin and respiratory system.
P. virginiana (Scrub pine, Virginia pine). fruits in fall. Z9–10 H12–9. very hairy beneath. Produces small, P. x acerifolia. See P. x hispanica.
Conifer of untidy habit. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft fragrant, star-shaped, dark red flowers P. x hispanica, syn. P. x acerifolia, illus. p.63.
(8m). Gray- to yellow-green leaves are in PISTIA in spring. Z9–10 H10–9. ‘Suttneri’ is a vigorous, deciduous,
2s. Young shoots have pinkish-white P. tenuifolium, illus. p.120. ‘Margaret spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m).
bloom. Bears oblong to conical, red-brown Shell flower, Water lettuce Turnbull’ is an evergreen, compact shrub. Has flaking bark and large, palmate, 5-lobed,
cones. Z3–7 H7–1. H 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (1m). Has oval, wavy- sharply toothed, bright green leaves that are
P. wallichiana, syn. P. chylla, P. excelsa, ARACEAE edged, dark green leaves centrally splashed blotched with creamy-white. Z5–8 H8–5.
P. griffithii, illus. p.97. golden-yellow. Bears star-shaped, honey- P. orientalis, illus. p.63.
Genus of one species of deciduous, scented, purple flowers in late spring.
664 PIPTANTHUS perennial, floating water plant, grown Z9–10 H10–9. ‘Tom Thumb’, illus. p.164. PLATYCARYA
for its foliage. In water above 66–70ºF P. tobira (Japanese mock orange).
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE (19–21ºC) is evergreen. Is suitable for Evergreen, bushy-headed, dense tree or JUGLANDACEAE
tropical aquariums and frost-free ponds. shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Has oblong
Genus of deciduous or semievergreen Needs sun or partial shade. Remove fading to oval, glossy, dark green leaves. Very Genus of one species of deciduous tree,
shrubs, grown for their foliage and foliage and thin plants out as necessary. fragrant, star-shaped, white flowers, borne grown for its foliage and catkins. Requires
flowers. In cold areas, needs the Propagate by separating plantlets in in late spring, later become creamy-yellow. full sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
protection of a south- or west-facing summer. Z9–10 H10–9. Propagate by seed in fall.
wall. Requires sun and fertile, well- P. stratiotes, illus. p.442. P. undulatum (Australian mock orange, P. strobilacea. Deciduous, spreading tree.
drained soil. In spring, cut some older Cheesewood). Evergreen, broadly conical H and S 30ft (10m). Has ashlike, bright
shoots back to ground level and prune PITCAIRNIA tree. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft (8m). Has long, green leaves with 5–15 leaflets. Upright,
any frost-damaged growths back to narrowly oval, pointed, wavy-edged, dark green catkins are borne from mid- to late
healthy wood. Propagate by seed in fall. BROMELIACEAE green leaves. Fragrant, star-shaped, white summer; males are slender and cylindrical,
P. laburnifolius. See P. nepalensis. flowers are borne in late spring and early often drooping at tips, females are cone-
P. nepalensis, syn. P. laburnifolius, illus. Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming summer, followed by rounded, orange like, become brown and persist through
p.206. perennials, grown for their overall fruits. Z9–10 H10–9. winter. Z6–9 H9–6.
appearance. Needs partial shade and
well-drained soil. Water moderately PLATYCERIUM
during growing season, sparingly at
other times. Propagate by offsets or Staghorn fern
division in spring.
POLYPODIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, epiphytic ferns, best
grown in hanging baskets or fastened to
and suspended from pieces of wood.

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Produces 2 kinds of fronds: permanent, P. madagascariensis (Mintleaf). Creeping with violet marks, are produced in pairs in P. rubra, illus. p.453. f. acutifolia, syn. P
broad, sterile “nest leaves” forming the main perennial. H 12in (30cm), S indefinite. Has fall, after foliage. Has oblong to lance- P. acuminata, P. acutifolia is a deciduous,
part of the plant; and strap-shaped, usually rounded, scalloped, fleshy leaves. Bears shaped leaves, 6–10in (15–25cm) long. spreading, sparsely branched tree or 665
partly bifurcated, arching fertile fronds. 2-lipped, lavender-blue or white flowers, Z9–10 H12–10. shrub. H and S 12ft (4m) or more. Produces
Prefers warm, humid conditions in partial often dotted with red. H12–1. ‘Variegated fragrant, yellow-centered, white flowers,
shade and needs fibrous, peaty growing Mintleaf’, syn. P. coleoides ‘Variegatus’ PLEIOSPILOS with 5 spreading petals, in summer–fall.
medium with hardly any soil. Propagate has variegated, white leaves. Has lance-shaped to oval leaves, 8–12in
by detaching buds in spring or summer P. oertendahlii (Candle plant). Evergreen, Living granite (20–30cm) long.
or by spores in summer or early fall. prostrate perennial. H to 6in (15cm),
P. alcicorne of gardens. See P. bifurcatum. S indefinite. Rounded, scalloped, dark AIZOACEAE PODALYRIA
P. bifurcatum, syn. P. alcicorne, illus. green leaves are reddish-green below, with
p.479. white veins above. Has racemes of tubular, Genus of clump-forming, perennial LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
white or pale mauve flowers at irregular succulents, grown for their flowers and
PLATYCLADUS intervals throughout year. Z11–12 H12–1. almost stemless rosettes bearing up to 4 Genus of evergreen, mainly summer-
P. scutellarioides. See Solenostemon pairs of fleshy, erect leaves, like pieces of flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers
CUPRESSACEAE scutellarioides. granite, each with a flat upper surface and and overall appearance. Requires full light
P. thyrsoideus, syn. Coleus thyrsoideus. each pair united at the base. Flowers are and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
See also CONIFERS. T Contact with the Fast-growing, bushy perennial, often daisylike. Individual species are very container plants moderately when in full
grown as an annual. H to 3ft (1m), S 2ft similar, and many are difficult to identify. growth, less at other times. Prune, if
foliage may aggravate skin allergies. (60cm). Has heart-shaped, toothed, mid- Needs sun and well-drained soil. Propagate necessary, after flowering. Propagate by
P. orientalis, syn. Biota orientalis, Thuja green leaves. Produces spikes of tubular, by seed or division in spring or summer. seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
orientalis (Biota, Chinese arbor-vitae, bright blue flowers at various times of year. P. bolusii, illus. p.495. summer.
Chinese thuja). Conifer with an irregularly Z11–12 H12–1. P. compactus, illus. p.495. P. sericea. Vigorous, evergreen, rounded
rounded crown. H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 15ft P. verticillatus, syn. P. australis. shrub. H and S 4–10ft (1.2–3m). Has oval,
(5m). Has fibrous bark and flattened, Evergreen, trailing perennial with square PLUMBAGO downy, mid-green leaves and sweet
vertical sprays of scalelike, scentless, dark stems. H to 6in (15cm), S indefinite. Has pealike, pink flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm)
green leaves. Egg-shaped cones are rounded, waxy, glossy, green leaves, with Leadwort wide, in summer.
glaucous gray. ‘Aurea Nana’ (illus. p.105), scalloped edges. Racemes of tubular, white
H and S 2ft (60cm), is a dwarf cultivar with or pale mauve flowers are produced PLUMBAGINACEAE PODOCARPUS
yellow-green foliage that turns bronze in intermittently through year. H12–1.
winter. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Semperaurea’, H 10ft Genus of annuals, evergreen or PODOCARPACEAE
(3m), S 6ft (2m), is compact, with golden PLEIOBLASTUS semievergreen shrubs, perennials and
leaves. woody-stemmed, scrambling climbers, See also CONIFERS.
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE grown for their primrose-shaped P. alpinus (Tasmanian podocarp).
PLATYCODON flowers. Grow in full light or partial Rounded, spreading, shrubby conifer.
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES shade and fertile, well-drained soil. H 6ft (2m), S 10–15ft (3–5m). Has linear,
Balloon flower and SEDGES. Water regularly when in full growth, dull green leaves and rounded, egg-
P. variegatus, syn. Arundinaria fortunei, less at other times. Tie stems to supports. shaped, fleshy, bright red fruits. Z7–10
CAMPANULACEAE Arundinaria variegata, illus. p.284. Thin out or spur back all previous year’s H10–7.
P. viridistriatus, syn. Arundinaria growth in early spring. Propagate by P. andinus. See Prumnopitys andina.
Genus of one species of perennial, grown auricoma, illus. p.289. semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly P. macrophyllus (Buddhist pine,
for its flowers in summer. Needs sun and may be a problem. Kusamaki, Southern yew). Erect conifer.
light, sandy soil. Propagate by basal PLEIONE P. auriculata, syn. P. capensis, illus. p.205. H 30ft (10m), S 10–15ft (3–5m). Long,
cuttings of non-flowering shoots in P. capensis. See P. auriculata. linear leaves are bright green above,
summer, with a bit of root attached, or ORCHIDACEAE P. indica, syn. P. rosea (Scarlet leadwort). glaucous beneath. May be grown as
by seed in fall. Evergreen or semievergreen, spreading a shrub, H and S 3–6ft (1–2m), and
P. grandiflorus, illus. p.269. var. See also ORCHIDS. shrub or semi-climber. H 6ft (2m), S 3–6ft planted in a tub in hot climates.
mariesii, syn. P. grandiflorus ‘Mariesii’ is a P. bulbocodioides, illus. p.466. (1–2m). Leaves are oval to elliptic and mid- Z7–11 H12–7.
clump-forming perennial. H and S 12–18in Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 8in (20cm). green. Has terminal racemes of primrose- P. nivalis (Alpine totara), illus. p.105.
(30–45cm). In mid-summer produces In spring, usually before solitary leaf is shaped, red or pink flowers, 1in (2.5cm) Rounded, spreading, shrubby conifer. H 6ft
solitary, terminal, large, balloon-like flower produced, bears pink, rose or magenta long, produced in summer (if hard-pruned (2m), S 10–15ft (3–5m). Is very similar to
buds opening to bell-shaped, blue or flowers, 2–5in (5–12cm) across, with darker annually in spring) or from late winter P. alpinus, but bears longer, broader, more
purplish-blue flowers. Has oval, sharply purple marks on lips. Leaf is narrowly onward (if left unpruned and trained as rigid leaves. Z7–9 H11–7.
toothed, bluish-green leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. lance-shaped, 51/2in (14cm) long. Is often a climber). Z12–15 H12–1. P. salignus, illus. p.100.
‘Mariesii’. See P. grandiflorus var. difficult to flower: regular feeding helps P. rosea. See P. indica.
mariesii. to increase pseudobulbs to flowering size. PODOPHYLLUM
Z9–10 H10–9. PLUMERIA
PLATYSTEMON P. x confusa. Deciduous, terrestrial Mayapple
orchid. H 6in (15cm). Solitary, canary- Frangipani, Pagoda tree, West Indian
Creamcups yellow flowers, 2–3in (5–8cm) across, with jasmine BERBERIDACEAE
brown or purple blotches on lips, are borne
PAPAVERACEAE in spring, before foliage. Has lance-shaped APOCYNACEAE Genus of spring-flowering, rhizomatous
leaves, 4–7in (10–18cm) long. Does best in perennials. Young leaves may be damaged
Genus of one species of summer-flowering an alpine house. Needs partial shade. Z9–10 Genus of mainly deciduous, fleshy- by frost. Prefers partial shade and moist,
annual. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained H12–10. branched shrubs and trees, grown for peaty soil. Propagate by division in spring
soil. Propagate by seed in spring or early P. hookeriana. Deciduous, terrestrial their flowers in summer–fall. Requires
fall. orchid. H 3–6in (8–15cm). Solitary, lilac- full sun and well-drained soil. Water or by seed in fall. T All parts of the plants
P. californicus, illus. p.321. pink, rose or white flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) container specimens moderately while in
across, with brown- or purplish-spotted lip, growth, keep dry in winter when leafless. are highly toxic if ingested.
PLECTRANTHUS are borne in spring, at same time as lance- Stem tips may be cut out to induce P. emodii. See Sinopodophyllum
shaped leaves, 2–8in (5–20cm) long. Z9–10 branching. Propagate by seed or leafless hexandrum.
LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE H12–10. stem-tip cuttings in late spring. Red P. hexandrum. See Sinopodophyllum
P. humilis. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. hexandrum.
Genus of evergreen, trailing or bushy H 2–3in (5–8cm). In winter, before foliage spider mite may be a nuisance. T The P. peltatum (American mandrake,
perennials, grown for their foliage. Needs appears, white flowers, 3–31/2in (7–9cm) Mayapple). Vigorous, spreading,
partial shade or full light and moist soil. across, with crimson-spotted lip, are borne milky sap may cause mild stomach rhizomatous perennial.
Cut back stem tips in growing season if singly or in pairs. Lance-shaped leaves are upset if ingested. H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 12in (30cm).
plants become too straggly. Propagate by 7–10in (18–25cm) long. Z9–10 H12–10. P. acuminata. See P. rubra f. acutifolia. Palmate, sometimes brown-mottled, light
stem cuttings or division in spring or P. praecox. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. P. acutifolia. See P. rubra f. acutifolia. green leaves, with 3–5 deep lobes, push up
summer. H 3–5in (8–13cm). White to pinkish-purple P. alba (West Indian jasmine). Deciduous, through soil, looking like closed umbrellas,
P. australis of gardens. See P. verticillatus. or lilac-purple flowers, to 3in (8cm) across, rounded, sparingly branched tree. H to 20ft and are followed, in spring, by nodding,
P. coleoides ‘Variegatus’ of gardens. (6m), S to 12ft (4m). Has lance-shaped and cup-shaped, white flowers. Produces large,
See P. madagascariensis ‘Variegated slender-pointed leaves, to 12in (30cm) long. fleshy, plumlike, glossy, deep rose-pink
Mintleaf’. Terminal clusters of fragrant, yellow-eyed, fruits in fall. Z3–9 H8–2.
P. forsteri ‘Marginatus’, illus. p.298. white flowers, with 5 spreading petals and
P. fructicosus ‘James’, illus. p.454. tubular base, are produced in summer.
Z11–12 H12–10.

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PODRANEA POLIOTHYRSIS S 1ft (30cm). Clusters of 2–5 drooping, summer. Sori are conspicuously yellow in
tubular, green-tipped, white flowers are winter. Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Richard Kayse’, illus.
BIGNONIACEAE FLACOURTIACEAE/SALICACEAE produced in late spring. Undersides of p.293.
stems, leaf stalks and oval to lance-shaped, P. glycyrrhiza (Licorice fern). Terrestrial,
Genus of evergreen, twining climbers, Genus of one species of deciduous tree, mid-green leaves are hairy. Z5–8 H8–5. deciduous fern. H and S 18in (45cm). Has
grown for their foxglove-like flowers. grown for its foliage and flowers. Needs P. hookeri, illus. p.353. oblong–triangular to narrowly oval,
Needs full light and fertile, well-drained sun or partial shade and fertile, well- P. x hybridum, illus. p.223. divided, mid-green fronds, with lance-
soil. Water regularly, less in cold weather. drained soil. Propagate by softwood P. latifolium. See P. hirtum. shaped to oblong pinnae that arise from
Provide support. Thin out crowded growth cuttings in summer. P. multiflorum. Arching, leafy perennial licorice-scented rootstock. Z4–9 H9–1.
in winter or early spring. Propagate by P. sinensis. Deciduous, spreading tree. with fleshy rhizomes. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft P. interjectum ‘Cornubiense’, syn.
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). Bears long, oval, (30cm). Bears clusters of 2–6 pendent, P. vulgare ‘Cornubiense’, illus. p.291.
in summer. sharply toothed, glossy, dark green leaves, tubular, green-tipped, white flowers in P. vulgare, illus. p.291. ‘Cornubiense’.
P. ricasoliana, syn. Pandorea ricasoliana, with wine-red stalks. Fragrant, star-shaped, late spring, followed by spherical, black See P. interjectum ‘Cornubiense’.
Tecoma ricasoliana. Fast-growing, white, later yellow flowers are produced in fruit. Has oval to lance-shaped, mid-green ‘Cristatum’ is an evergreen, creeping
evergreen, twining climber. H 12ft (4m) or late summer and early fall. Z7–9 H9–7. leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Flore Pleno’ has fern. H and S 10–12in (25–30cm) Narrowly
more. Has leaves divided into 7 or 9 lance- double flowers that look like ballet dancers’ lance-shaped, divided, mid-green fronds,
shaped to oval, wavy, deep green leaflets. POLYGALA skirts. ‘Striatum’, syn. P. multiflorum with semi-pendulous, terminal crests, grow
Bears loose clusters of fragrant, pink ‘Variegatum’, H 2ft (60cm), has leaves with from creeping rhizomes covered with
flowers, with darker veins, from spring to Milkwort, Seneca, Snakeroot creamy-white stripes. ‘Variegatum’. See copper-brown scales. subsp. serratum.
fall. P. multiflorum ‘Striatum’. See P. cambricum.
POLYGALACEAE P. odoratum (Fragrant Solomon’s seal).
Poinciana gilliesii. See Caesalpinia Arching, rhizomatous perennial. H 24in POLYSCIAS
gilliesii. Genus of annuals, evergreen perennials, (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces pairs of
Poinciana pulcherrima. See Caesalpinia shrubs and trees, grown mainly for their fragrant, tubular to bell-shaped, green- ARALIACEAE
pulcherrima. pealike flowers. Needs full light or partial tipped, white flowers in late spring. Oval
shade and moist but very well-drained soil. to lance-shaped leaves are mid-green. Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
POLEMONIUM Water container specimens freely when in Z3–8 H9–1. grown for their foliage. Sometimes has
full growth, moderately at other times. P. verticillatum (Whorled Solomon’s insignificant flowers in summer, but only
Jacob’s ladder Lanky stems may be cut back hard in late seal). Upright, rhizomatous perennial. on large, mature specimens. Needs partial
winter. Propagate by seed in spring or H 4ft (1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Bears whorls shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water
POLEMONIACEAE by semiripe cuttings in late summer. Is of stalkless, lance-shaped, mid-green container plants freely when in full growth,
susceptible to whitefly. leaves. In early summer produces moderately at other times. Straggly stems
Genus of late spring- or summer- P. calcarea, illus. p.370. ‘Bulley’s Form’ narrowly bell-shaped, greenish-white may be cut out in spring. Propagate by
flowering annuals and perennials, some is an evergreen, prostrate perennial. H 1in flowers. Z5–8 H8–5. seed in spring or by stem-tip or leafless
perennials tending to be short-lived. (2.5cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has rosettes of stem-section cuttings in summer. Red
Prefers sun and fertile, well-drained soil. small, narrowly oval leaves. Bears loose Polygonum affine. See Persicaria spider mite may be troublesome.
Propagate by division in spring or by heads of deep blue flowers in late spring affinis. P. filicifolia, illus. p.458. ‘Marginata’ is
seed in fall. and early summer. Prefers rich soil. Z7–9 Polygonum amplexicaule. See Persicaria an evergreen, erect, sparsely branched
P. caeruleum, illus. p.270. BRISE D’ANJOU H9–7. ‘Lillet’, illus. p.369. amplexicaulis. shrub. H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft (1m) or
(‘Blanjou’) illus. p.270. P. chamaebuxus, illus. p.371. var. Polygonum aubertii. See Fallopia more. Leaves, 1ft (30cm) long, are divided
P. carneum, illus. p.269. grandiflora, syn. P. chamaebuxus var. aubertii. into many small, oval to lance-shaped,
purpurea, P. chamaebuxus var. rhodoptera, Polygonum baldschuanicum. See toothed, bright green leaflets, with white
P P. foliosissimum (Leafy Jacob’s ladder). illus. p.354. var. purpurea. See Fallopia baldschuanica. edges. Z14–15 H12–1.
Vigorous, clump-forming perennial. P. chamaebuxus var. grandiflora. var. Polygonum bistorta. See Persicaria P. guilfoylei (Coffee tree, Geranium
H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). Terminal rhodoptera. See P. chamaebuxus var. bistorta. aralia). Slow-growing, evergreen, rounded
clusters of cup-shaped, lilac flowers, grandiflora. Polygonum campanulatum. See tree. H 10–25ft (3–8m), S to 6ft (2m) or more.
with yellow stamens, are borne in P. x dalmaisiana, syn. P. myrtifolia var. Persicaria campanulata. Leaves, 10–16in (25–40cm) long, are divided
summer above oblong to lance-shaped, grandiflora, illus. p.457. Polygonum capitatum. See Persicaria into oval to rounded, toothed, deep green
mid-green leaves, divided into numerous, P. myrtifolia var. grandiflora of capitata. leaflets. Z14–15 H12–1. ‘Victoriae’, illus.
small leaflets. Z4–8 H8–1. var. flavum gardens. See P. x dalmaisiana. Polygonum macrophyllum. See p.458.
produces yellow flowers shaded P. vayredae. Evergreen, mat-forming Persicaria macrophylla.
orange-red outside. shrub. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Polygonum milletii. See Persicaria POLYSPORA
P. pulcherrimum (Skunkleaf Jacob’s Slender, prostrate stems bear small, linear milletii.
ladder). Vigorous, summer-flowering leaves. Pealike, reddish-purple flowers, Polygonum sphaerostachyum. See SYN. GORDONIA
perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has with yellow lip, are produced in late spring Persicaria macrophylla.
bright green leaves divided into leaflets and and early summer. Is suitable for a rock Polygonum vacciniifolium. See THEACEAE
tubular, purple-blue flowers, with yellow or garden or alpine house. Z7–9 H9–7. Persicaria vacciniifolia.
white throats. Z4–8 H8–1. Polygonum virginianum ‘Painter’s Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
POLYGONATUM Palette’. See Persicaria virginiana grown for their flowers and overall
666 POLIANTHES ‘Painter’s Palette’. appearance. Prefers sun or partial shade
Solomon’s seal and rich, acidic soil. Water potted plants
AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE POLYPODIUM moderately, less in winter. Propagate by
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE semiripe cuttings in late summer or by seed
Genus of tuberous perennials, grown for POLYPODIACEAE when ripe, in fall, or in spring.
their fragrant flowers in summer. Needs a Genus of spring- or early summer- P. axillaris. Evergreen, bushy shrub or
sheltered site in full sun and well-drained flowering, rhizomatous perennials. Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or tree. H and S 10–15ft ( 3–5m), sometimes
soil. Water well in spring–summer; feed Requires full or partial shade and fertile, evergreen ferns, grown for their sculptural much more. Has lance-shaped, leathery,
liquid fertilizer every 2 weeks when in well-drained soil. Propagate by division fronds. Needs partial shade and fibrous, glossy leaves, each with a blunt tip, and
growth. Dry off after leaves die down in in early spring or by seed in fall. Sawfly moist but well-drained soil. Propagate bears, from fall to spring, saucer-shaped,
winter. Propagate by seed or offsets in by division in spring or by spores in late white flowers.
spring. caterpillar is a common pest. T All parts summer. P. lasianthus. Evergreen, upright tree.
P. geminiflora, syn. Agave duplicata, P. aureum. See Phlebodium aureum. H to 70ft ( 20m), S to 30ft (10m). Lance-
Bravoa geminiflora, illus. p.413. may cause mild stomach upset if ingested. P. australe. See P. cambricum. shaped to elliptic leaves are shallowly
P. tuberosa, syn. Agave polianthes P. biflorum, syn. P. canaliculatum, P. cambricum, syn. P. australe, P. vulgare serrated. Has fragrant, saucer- to bowl-
(Tuberose). Summer-flowering, tuberous P. commutatum, P. giganteum (Small subsp. serratum. Deciduous, creeping fern. shaped, white flowers in summer. Needs
perennial. H 24–36in (60–90cm), S 4–6in Solomon’s seal). Arching, rhizomatous H 6–24in (15–60cm), S indefinite. Has sub-tropical summer warmth to grow
(10–15cm). Has basal cluster of strap- perennial. H 5ft (1.5m) or more, S 2ft broadly lance-shaped to broadly triangular- and flower well.
shaped, erect leaves; flower stem also bears (60cm). Bears oval to oblong, mid-green ovate, divided, mid-green fronds, with
leaves on lower part. Produces spike of leaves. Pendent clusters of bell-shaped, linear or oblong pinnae that often have Polystichium aculeatum
funnel-shaped, single, white flowers, with white flowers are borne in leaf axils in late toothed margins. New fronds are produced ‘Pulcherrimum’. See Polystichum
6 spreading petals. A double form is also spring. Z3–7 H9–1. in late summer and die back by early setiferum ‘Pulcherrimum Bevis’.
available. Z7–11 H11–7. ‘The Pearl’, illus. P. canaliculatum. See P. biflorum.
p.385. P. commutatum. See P. biflorum.
P. giganteum. See P. biflorum.
P. hirtum, syn. P. latifolium. Upright, then
arching, rhizomatous perennial. H 3ft (1m),

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POLYSTICHUM PONERORCHIS H 100ft (30m), S 70ft (20m). Has lush growth PORTULACA
of broadly oval, glossy, bright green leaves.
DRYOPTERIDACEAE ORCHIDACEAE Z3–9 H9–1. Purslane, Rose moss
P. gileadensis. See P. x jackii.
Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or See also ORCHIDS. P. x jackii, syn. P. x candicans, PORTULACACEAE
deciduous ferns. Prefers partial shade P. graminifolia. Deciduous, terrestrial P. gileadensis (Balm of Gilead). Very fast-
and moist but well-drained soil enriched orchid for an alpine greenhouse. H 6in growing, deciduous, conical tree. H 80ft Genus of fleshy annuals and perennials,
with fibrous organic matter. Remove (15cm), S 4in (10cm). Terminal racemes of (25m), S 30ft (10m). Oval leaves are dark grown for their showy, cup-shaped
faded fronds regularly. Propagate variable 2–15 flowers, with 3-lobed lips and green and, when young, balsam-scented. flowers, which open in sun and close in
species by division in spring or by pronounced spurs, are borne in late spring Is very susceptible to canker. Z4–9 H9–1. shade. Needs full light and well-drained
spores in summer, selected forms by and summer in shades of pink, purple and ‘Aurora’, H 50ft (15m) or more, S 20ft soil. Propagate by seed sown under glass
division in spring. white. Has 2–4 narrowly linear leaves, to (6m), has leaves that are heavily but in early spring or outdoors in late spring.
P. acrostichoides (Christmas fern). 6in (15cm) long. irregularly blotched with creamy-white. Is prone to attack by aphids.
Evergreen fern. H 24in (60cm), S 18in P. lasiocarpa (Chinese necklace poplar). P. grandiflora (Moss rose, Rose moss,
(45cm). Slender, lance-shaped, deep PONTEDERIA Very fast-growing, deciduous, spreading Sun plant). Slow-growing, partially
green fronds have small, holly-like tree. H 50ft (15m), S 40ft (12m). Has sturdy prostrate annual. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 6in
pinnae. Is excellent for cut flowers. Pickerel weed shoots and very large, heart-shaped, (15cm). Has lance-shaped, succulent, bright
Z3–8 H8–1. mid-green leaves with red veins, on long, green leaves. In summer and early fall
P. aculeatum (Hard shield fern, Prickly PONTEDERIACEAE red stalks. Bears sturdy, drooping, yellow bears shallowly bowl-shaped flowers, 1in
shield fern). Semievergreen fern. catkins in spring. Z6–9 H9–6. (2.5cm) wide, with conspicuous stamens,
H 24in (60cm), S 30in (75cm). Broadly Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal P. maximowiczii, illus. p.61. in shades of yellow, red, orange, pink or
lance-shaped, yellowish-green, then deep water plants, grown for their foliage and P. nigra (Black poplar). Fast-growing, white. Z9–11 H12–1. Minilaca Hybrids
green fronds, with oblong to oval, spiny- flower spikes. Needs full sun and up to deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m), are compact and have double flowers.
edged, glossy pinnae, are produced on 9in (23cm) depth of water. Remove fading S 70ft (20m). Has dark bark. Diamond- Sundance Hybrids are semi-trailing
stems often covered in brown scales. flowers regularly. Propagate in spring by shaped, bronze young leaves turn bright and have semidouble or double flowers,
Z3–8 H8–1. division or seed. green, then yellow in fall. Male trees bear 2in (5cm) wide, in broad range of colors.
P. braunii. Evergreen or semievergreen P. cordata, illus. p.441. red catkins in mid-spring. Z3–9 H9–1. Sundial Series have double flowers in
fern. H and S 18–30in (45–75cm). Produces ‘Italica’, illus. p.63. broad color range. Are bred for longer
rosette of spreading to arching, lance- POPULUS P. szechuanica. Very fast-growing, flowering in poor conditions and cooler
shaped, divided, dark green fronds. Young deciduous, conical tree. H 80ft (25m), S 30ft climates. Sundial Series ‘Mango’, illus.
fronds are densely covered with orange- Aspen, Cottonwood, Poplar (10m). Has flaking, pinkish-gray bark and p.324.
brown scales when unfurling in spring. large, heart-shaped, dark green leaves.
Z3–8 H8–1. SALICACEAE Z4–9 H9–1. PORTULACARIA P
P. munitum, illus. p.293. P. tremula (European aspen). Vigorous,
P. polyblepharum (Japanese tassel fern). Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their deciduous, spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), PORTULACACEAE/DIDIEREACEAE
Evergreen fern. H 24–32in (60–80cm), habit, foliage and very quick growth. Has S 30ft (10m). Rounded leaves are bronze-
S 36in (90cm).Produces “shuttlecocks” of catkins in late winter or spring. Female red when young, gray-green when mature, Genus of one species of evergreen or
spreading, lance-shaped, divided, shiny, trees produce copious amounts of fluffy, and yellow in fall. Flattened stalks make semievergreen, succulent-leaved shrub,
dark green fronds, covered with golden white seeds. Prefers full sun and needs foliage tremble and rattle in wind. Z2–8 grown for its foliage. Needs full sun and
hairs when they unfurl. Pinnae lobes are deep, fertile, moist but well-drained soil; H8–1. ‘Erecta’, S 15ft (5m), has an upright well-drained soil. Water container plants
oblong-ovate and have spiny-toothed resents dry soil, apart from P. alba, which habit. ‘Pendula’, illus. p.74. moderately when in full growth, sparingly
margins. Z6–8 H8–5. thrives in coastal gardens. Extensive root P. tremuloides (Quaking aspen). Very at other times. Propagate by semiripe
P. rigens. Evergreen fern. H 16in (40cm), systems can undermine foundations and fast-growing, deciduous, spreading tree. cuttings in summer.
S 24in (60cm). Has “shuttlecocks” of so make poplars unsuitable for planting H 50ft (15m) or more, S 30ft (10m). Has P. afra, illus. p.457. ‘Foliisvariegatus’,
narrowly ovate-oblong, divided, leathery, close to buildings, particularly on clay soil. rounded, finely toothed, glossy, dark green syn. P. afra ‘Variegatus’ is an evergreen or
harsh-textured, dull green fronds. Broad, Propagate by hardwood cuttings in winter. leaves that flutter in the wind and turn semievergreen, erect shrub with more or
lance-shaped pinnae are divided into ovate, Is susceptible to bacterial canker and yellow in fall. Z1–8 H8–1. less horizontal branches. H and S 6–10ft
spiny-toothed lobes. Fronds are yellowish- fungal diseases. P. trichocarpa (Black cottonwood, (2–3m). Has oval to rounded, fleshy, cream-
green in spring. Z6–9 H9–6. P. alba, illus. p.60. Is much confused Western balsam poplar). Very fast- edged, bright green leaves. From late
P. setiferum (Hedge fern). Z6–9 H9–6. with the commoner P. x canescens. Z4–9 growing, deciduous, conical tree. spring to summer bears tiny, star-shaped,
Divisilobum Group, syn. P. setiferum H9–1. f. pyramidalis, syn. P. alba H 100ft (30m) or more, S 30ft (10m). pale pink flowers in small clusters. Z13–15
‘Divisilobum’, illus. p.291. ‘Divisilobum’. ‘Pyramidalis’ is a vigorous, deciduous, Bears dense growth of oval, glossy, dark H12–10. ‘Variegatus’. See P. afra
See P. setiferum Divisilobum Group. upright tree. H 70ft (20m), S 15ft (5m). green leaves with green-veined, white ‘Foliisvariegatus’.
Plumosodivisilobum Group, illus. p.291. Broadly oval, wavy-margined or lobed, undersides, strongly balsam-scented
‘Pulcherrimum Bevis’, syn. Polystichium dark green leaves, white beneath, turn when young. Foliage turns yellow in POTAMOGETON
aculeatum ‘Pulcherrimum’, illus. p.290. yellow in fall. ‘Raket’, syn. P. alba fall. Z4–9 H9–1.
P. tsussimense, illus. p.292. ‘Rocket’, S25ft (8m), is narrowly conical. POTAMOGETONACEAE
‘Richardii’, H 50ft (15m), S 40ft (12m), PORANA
PONCIRUS has leaves golden-yellow above. Genus of deciduous, perennial, submerged
‘Rocket’. See P. alba ‘Raket’. CONVOLVULACEAE water plants, grown for their foliage.
RUTACEAE P. balsamifera (Balsam poplar, Is suitable for cold-water ponds and
Tacamahac). Fast-growing, deciduous, Genus of evergreen or deciduous, aquariums. Prefers sun. Remove fading
Genus of one species of very spiny, upright tree. H 100ft (30m), S 25ft (8m). twining climbers, grown for their flowers. foliage and thin plants as necessary.
deciduous shrub or small tree, grown for Oval, glossy, dark green leaves, whitish Needs full light and fertile, moist but Propagate by stem cuttings in spring
its foliage, showy flowers and orange-like beneath, have strong fragrance of balsam well-drained soil. Water freely in full or summer.
fruits. Is very effective as a protective when young. Z5–9 H9–5. growth, sparingly in cold weather. Stems P. crispus, illus. p.442.
hedge. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained P. x berolinensis (Berlin poplar). require support. Thin out evergreen P. pectinatus (Fennel-leaved pondweed).
soil. Cut out dead wood in spring, and trim Deciduous, columnar tree. H 80ft (25m), species and cut back deciduous ones to Deciduous, perennial, submerged water
hedges in early summer. Propagate by S 25ft (8m). Has broadly oval, bright green just above ground level in late winter plant. S10ft (3m). Has very narrow, linear,
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed leaves, white beneath. Z2–8 H8–1. or early spring. Propagate by basal, green to brownish-green leaves, and
when ripe, in fall. P. x canadensis (Canadian poplar). Z5–9 softwood cuttings in late spring or early produces inconspicuous flowers in
P. trifoliata (Japanese bitter orange), H9–5. ‘Eugenei’ is a deciduous, columnar summer or by seed in spring. summer. Is suitable for a medium to large
illus. p.142. Deciduous, bushy shrub or tree. H 100ft (30m), S 40ft (12m). Has P. paniculata (Snow in the jungle, White pond.
tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Sturdy, spiny, green broadly oval, bronze, young leaves, corallita). Vigorous, evergreen, twining
shoots bear dark green leaves, divided into maturing to dark green, and red catkins in climber. H 20–30ft (6–10m). Large, loose POTENTILLA 667
3 oval leaflets. Has fragrant, white flowers, spring. ‘Robusta’, illus. p.62. ‘Serotina panicles of small, elder-scented, trumpet-
with 4 or 5 large petals, in late spring and de Selys’, syn. P. x canadensis ‘Serotina shaped, white flowers are produced from Cinquefoil
often again in fall. Rounded fruits are Erecta’, illus. p.61. ‘Serotina Erecta’. late summer to mid-winter. Leaves are
3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) wide. Z5–9 H9–5. See P. x canadensis ‘Serotina de Selys’. heart-shaped. Z13–15 H12–1. ROSACEAE
P. x candicans of gardens. See P. x jackii.
P. x canescens, illus. p.60. Genus of perennials and deciduous shrubs,
P. deltoides (Cottonwood, Eastern grown for their clusters of small, flattish to
cottonwood, Necklace poplar). Very fast- saucer-shaped flowers and for their foliage.
growing, deciduous, spreading tree. Tall species—particularly the shrubs—are
useful in borders. Dwarf potentillas are

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P good for rock gardens. Prefers full sun, but and sometimes semidouble, yellow- (45cm). Has strawberry-like, dark green Candelabra primulas
flower color is better on orange-, red- and stamened, rich pink flowers, fading to leaves. Produces bright yellow flowers in These are robust, herbaceous perennials
668 pink-flowered cultivars if they are shaded white in full sun. ‘Sunset’, syn. P. ‘Sunset’, mid-summer. Z5–8 H8–5. with tubular, flat-faced flowers borne in
from hottest sun. Needs well-drained soil. illus. p.162. ‘Tangerine’, syn. tiered whorls up tall, sturdy stems. Some
Propagate perennial species by seed in fall P. ‘Tangerine’, H 4ft (1.2m), bears yellow Pothos. See Epipremnum. are deciduous, dying back to basal buds;
or by division in spring or fall, and selected flowers, flushed with pale orange-red, amid x Potinara Cherub gx ‘Spring others are semievergreen, dying back to
forms by division only in spring or fall; mid-green leaves. ‘Vilmoriniana’, syn. Daffodil’. See x Rhyncattleanthe Cherub reduced rosettes. Grow in moist shade or
shrubby species may be raised by seed in P. ‘Vilmoriniana’, illus. p.159. gx ‘Spring Daffodil’. woodland, especially by streams.
fall or by softwood or greenwood cuttings P. ‘Gibson’s Scarlet’. Clump-forming Pratia angulata. See Lobelia angulata.
in summer, and selected forms by softwood perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Bears Pratia pendunculata. See Lobelia Primrose-Polyanthus primulas
or greenwood cuttings in summer. saucer-shaped, brilliant scarlet flowers pedunculata. A diverse group of evergreen,
P. ‘Abbotswood’. See P. fruticosa from mid- to late summer. Dark green semievergreen or deciduous perennial
‘Abbotswood’. leaves are strawberry-like. Z5–8 H8–5. PRIMULA hybrids, derived from P. vulgaris, crossed
P. alba, illus. p.359. P. ‘Gloire de Nancy’, syn. P. ‘Glory of with P. veris, P. juliae and other species.
P. arbuscula. See P. fruticosa var. Nancy’. Clump-forming perennial. H and Primrose They are divided into two main groups.
arbuscula. S 18in (45cm). Very large, saucer-shaped, Primrose Group Most produce solitary
P. ‘Arc-en-ciel’, illus. p.268. semidouble, orange and coppery-red PRIMULACEAE flowers among the leaves. Are mainly
P. argyrophylla. See P. atrosanguinea var. flowers are produced throughout summer. grown as herbaceous perennials, flowering
argyrophylla. Has strawberry-like, dark green leaves. Genus of mainly herbaceous perennials, in spring, or as biennial greenhouse
P. atrosanguinea, illus. p.269. var. Z5–8 H8–5. some woody-based and evergreen. All have container plants flowering in winter-
argyrophylla, syn. P. argyrophylla is a P. ‘Glory of Nancy’. See P. ‘Gloire de leaves in basal rosettes and tubular, bell- or spring.
clump-forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), Nancy’. primrose-shaped flowers. In some primulas, Polyanthus Group Produce flowers
S 24in (60cm). Saucer-shaped, yellow or P. ‘Goldfinger’. See P. fruticosa the flower stems, leaves, sepals and, in long-stalked umbels. Usually grown as
yellow-orange flowers are produced in ‘Goldfinger’. occasionally, sections of the petals are biennials for bedding, sown in summer to
profusion from early to late summer above P. ‘Jackman’s Variety’. See P. fruticosa covered with a waxy powder known as flower in winter and the following spring,
strawberry-like, silvery leaves. ‘Jackman’s Variety’. farina. There are primulas suitable for or under glass as winter- and spring-
P. aurea, illus. p.372. P. ‘Maanelys’. See P. fruticosa ‘Maanelys’. almost every type of site: the border, scree flowering container plants.
P. ‘Beesii’. See P. fruticosa ‘Beesii’. P. ‘Manchu’. See P. fruticosa ‘Manchu’. garden, rock garden, peat garden, bog
P. crantzii (Alpine cinquefoil). Upright P. ‘Manelys’. See P. fruticosa ‘Maanelys’. garden, pond margin, greenhouse and Cultivation
perennial with thick, woody rootstock. P. megalantha, illus. p.276. alpine house. Some may be difficult to grow Primulas have varying cultivation
H and S 4–8in (10–20cm). Produces wedge- P. ‘Monsieur Rouillard’. Clump-forming as they dislike winter damp or summer requirements. For ease of reference, these
shaped, 5-lobed leaves and, in spring, perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Bears heat. Repot pot-grown plants annually. have been grouped as follows:
flattish, orange-centered, yellow flowers. saucer-shaped, double, blood-red flowers Tidy up fading foliage and deadhead as 1—Full sun or partial shade, in moist, but
Is good in a rock garden. Z5–8 H8–5. in summer above strawberry-like, dark flowering ceases. Propagate species by seed well-drained, rich soil.
P. davurica var. mandschurica of green leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. when fresh or in spring, selected forms 2—Partial shade, in deep, rich, moist,
gardens. See P. fruticosa ‘Manchu’. P. ‘Moonlight’. See P. fruticosa when dormant, by division in fall–spring neutral to acidic soil.
P. ‘Daydawn’. See P. fruticosa ‘Daydawn’. ‘Maanelys’. or by root cuttings in winter, auricula 3—Deep or partial shade, in peaty, gritty,
P. ‘Elizabeth’. See P. fruticosa ‘Elizabeth’. P. ‘Nana Argentea’. See P. fruticosa primulas by offsets in early spring or early moist but very well-drained, acidic soil.
P. eriocarpa, illus. p.372. ‘Beesii’. fall. Border cultivars may be prone to slug Protect from excessive winter wet.
P. ‘Etna’. Clump-forming perennial. P. nepalensis ‘Miss Willmott’, illus. damage in damp places and to attack by 4—Under glass in an alpine house or
H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). In mid- p.265. root aphids when grown in very dry frame. Avoid wetting foliage of mealy
summer produces saucer-shaped, maroon P. nitida. Dense, mat-forming perennial. conditions or in pots. Primulas are divided species and hybrids.
flowers above strawberry-like, dark green H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S 8in (20cm). Has into many different horticultural groups, 5—Full sun with some midday shade,
leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. rounded, 3-lobed, silver leaves. Flower of which the following are in common use. or partial shade, in rich, moist but well-
P. fruticosa (Shrubby cinquefoil). stems each bear 1–2 rose-pink flowers, See also feature panel pp.258–9. drained, gritty, slightly alkaline soil.
Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. H 3ft (1m), with dark centers, in early summer. Is often 6—In a cool or temperate greenhouse,
S 5ft (1.5m). From late spring to late shy-flowering. Is suitable for a rock garden Auricula primulas or as a houseplant, in bright, filtered light.
summer produces saucer-shaped, bright or trough. These are evergreen primulas, derived
yellow flowers. Dark green leaves are P. parvifolia ‘Gold Drop’. See from hybrids between P. auricula and P. ‘Adrian’. Alpine Auricula primula.
divided into 5 narrowly oblong leaflets. P. fruticosa ‘Gold Drop’. P. hirsuta, producing flat, smooth flowers H and S 4in (10cm). Produces flat, light to
Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Abbotswood’, syn. P. recta. Clump-forming, hairy perennial. carried in an umbel on a stem above the dark blue flowers, with light centers and
P. ‘Abbotswood’, illus. p.149. var. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). From early to foliage. There are 3 main subgroups: paler margins, from mid- to late spring.
arbuscula, syn. P. arbuscula, S4ft (1.2m), late summer bears pale yellow flowers. Gray- alpine, show and border. Leaves are oval to rounded and mid-green.
bears golden-yellow flowers amid gray- green to mid-green leaves are divided into 3 Alpine Auricula Group. In these, the Is useful for exhibition. Cultivation group
green to silver-gray leaves. ‘Beesii’, syn. toothed leaflets. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Macrantha’. color of the flower center is strikingly 1 or 4. Z4–8 H8–1.
P. ‘Beesii’, P. ‘Nana Argentea’, H 30in See P. recta ‘Warrenii’. ‘Warrenii’, syn. P. different from that of the petals. They may P. allionii, illus. p.257. Rosette-forming,
(75cm), S 3ft (1m), is slow-growing and recta ‘Macrantha’ has rich, golden-yellow be either light-centered (white or pale in evergreen perennial. H 3–4in (7–10cm),
compact. Has golden-yellow flowers and flowers throughout summer. the center) or gold-centered (yellow or gold S 8in (20cm). Better grown in an alpine
silver leaves. ‘Daydawn’, syn. P. ‘Red Ace’. See P. fruticosa ‘Red Ace’. in the center). There is no meal or “farina” house. Tubular, rose, mauve or white
P. ‘Daydawn’, illus. p.162. ‘Elizabeth’, syn. P. ‘Royal Flush’. See P. fruticosa ‘Royal on either leaves or flowers. Grow in an flowers cover a tight cushion of oval, mid-
P. ‘Elizabeth’, illus. p.160. ‘Farrer’s Flush’. alpine house or rock garden. green leaves in spring. Cultivation group 4.
White’, illus. p.149. ‘Friedrichsenii’, P. ‘Sunset’. See P. fruticosa ‘Sunset’. Show Auricula Group has flowers with Z4–8 H8–1.
illus. p.160. ‘Gold Drop’, syn. P. parvifolia P. ‘Tangerine’. See P. fruticosa a distinct circle of white meal or “paste” in P. alpicola, illus. p.259. Compact, rosette-
‘Gold Drop’, H and S 4ft (1.2m), bears a ‘Tangerine’. the center. Some are self-colored, with one forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 12in
mass of golden-yellow flowers amid bright P. x tonguei. Mat-forming perennial. color, which may be red, yellow, blue or (30cm). Produces terminal clusters of
green leaves. Z2–7 H7–1. ‘Goldfinger’, H 2in (5cm), S 10in (25cm). Has rounded, violet, from the central paste to the petal pendent, bell-shaped, yellow to white or
syn. P. ‘Goldfinger’ bears large, rich yellow 3–5 lobed, green leaves. Prostrate branches margins; edged cultivars have a black ring purple flowers, on slender stems, in early
flowers in profusion. ‘Jackman’s bear flattish, orange-yellow flowers, with surrounding the central paste, feathering summer. Mid-green leaves are oval to
Variety’, syn. P. ‘Jackman’s Variety’, red centers, in summer. Is good for a rock out to an often green, gray or white lance-shaped. Cultivation group 2. Z4–8
H 4ft (1.2m), has large, bright yellow garden. Z5–10 H8–3. margin; in fancy cultivars, the paste is H8–1. var. alpicola, syn. P. alpicola var.
flowers. ‘Maanelys’, syn. P. ‘Maanelys’, P. ‘Vilmoriniana’. See P. fruticosa surrounded by a color other than black, luna has soft sulfur-yellow flowers. var.
P. ‘Manelys’, P. ‘Moonlight’, H 4ft (1.2m), ‘Vilmoriniana’. with a green, gray or white margin. Show luna. See P. alpicola var. alpicola.
S 6ft (2m), has soft yellow flowers and gray- P. ‘William Rollison’. Clump-forming Auriculas have white farina on their foliage P. aurantiaca. Small, rosette-forming
green foliage. ‘Manchu’, syn. P. davurica perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). From mid- (except those with green-edged flowers), Candelabra primula. H 12in (30cm), S 16in
var. mandschurica, P. ‘Manchu’ has pure to late summer bears saucer-shaped, on their flower eyes and, sometimes, on (40cm). Tubular, reddish-orange flowers are
white flowers and silvery-gray leaves. ‘Red semidouble, scarlet-suffused, deep orange their petal margins. Grow under glass to borne in early summer. Has long, broadly
Ace’, syn. P. ‘Red Ace’, illus. p.156. ‘Royal flowers, with yellow centers. Has dark protect flowers from rain. oval to lance-shaped, coarse, mid-green
Flush’, syn. P. ‘Royal Flush’, H 18in (45cm), green leaves. Z4–7 H7–1. Border Auricula Group has generally leaves. Cultivation group 2. Z5–8 H8–1.
S 30in (75cm), produces mid-green leaves P. ‘Yellow Queen’. Clump-forming robust, garden Auricula primulas, which P. aureata, illus. p.259. Rosette-forming,
perennial. H to 24in (60cm) or more, S 18in are often very fragrant. Some have farina evergreen perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 8in
on flower stems and leaves. Grow in a (20cm). Bears small umbels of flat, cream to
mixed or herbaceous border.

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yellow flowers in spring. In summer, oval, variety of different colors or self-colored. stems. Mid-green leaves are broadly lance- white farina. Cultivation group 2 or 4. P
toothed, mid-green leaves have purple-red Cultivation group 1, 2, or 6. ‘Charisma shaped and toothed. Cultivation group 1 Z4–8 H8–1.
midribs; in winter, leaves form tight buds Blue’ (illus. p.258) has yellow-eyed, blue to or 2. Z2–8 H8–1. var. alba (illus. p.257) has P. ‘Garryarde Guinevere’. See 669
covered with whitish farina. Cultivation purple-blue flowers. ‘Charisma Red’ (illus. white flowers. P. ‘Guinevere’.
group 3 or 4. Z4–8 H8–1. p.257) has pink to red flowers, with yellow P. ‘Don Keefe’, illus. p.258. Vigorous, P. Gold-laced Group, illus. p.259. Erect,
P. auricula. Rosette-forming, evergreen, centers. rosette-forming, evergreen or semievergreen or evergreen, Polyanthus
sometimes white-mealy perennial. H 8in P. chionantha subsp. melanops, syn. semievergreen, Polyanthus Group primula. Group primulas. H 10in (25cm), S 12in
(20cm), S 10in (25cm). Bears fragrant, flat, P. melanops. Rosette-forming perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Reddish stems bear (30cm). Produce flat flowers, in variety of
yellow flowers, in large umbels, in spring. H 14in (35cm), S 20in (50cm). In summer umbels of flat, slightly wavy, soft orange- colors, with gold-laced margins, from mid-
Oval, soft, pale green to gray-green leaves has umbels of pendent, narrowly funnel- red flowers, with tiny yellow eyes, in to late spring. Leaves are oval and mid-
are densely covered with white farina. shaped, deep violet-purple flowers, with spring. Has long, oval, dark green leaves. green, sometimes tinged red. Raise
Cultivation group 1, 4 or 5. Z3–8 H8–1. black eyes, above long, strap-shaped, mid- Cultivation group 2. annually by seed. Cultivation group 2 or 4.
P. Barnhaven Blues Group, illus. p.258. green leaves. Cultivation group 2 or 4. P. ‘Dreamer’. Rosette-forming, Primrose Z5–8 H8–4.
Vigorous, rosette-forming, evergreen or Z4–8 H8–1. Group primula. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 6–8in P. gracilipes. Rosette-forming, evergreen
semievergreen, Primrose Group primula. P. ‘Chloë’. Green-edged, show Auricula (15–20cm). Has oval leaves and, in spring, or semievergreen perennial. H 4in (1cm),
H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). Flat flowers in a primula. H and S 4in (10cm). In late spring bears flat flowers in cream, apricot, pink S 8in (20cm). Solitary, tubular, purplish-
range of mainly dark blue shades, all with produces flat, dark-green-edged flowers or rose-pink; all bicolors have darker eyes pink flowers, with greenish-yellow eyes,
small, yellow eyes, are borne singly on with black body color and brilliant white and yellow centers. Cultivation group 2. are borne in spring or early summer
reddish stems in spring. Have long, oval, paste centers. Oval leaves are dark green P. edgeworthii. See P. nana. among oval, wavy, toothed, mid-green
slightly purple-tinted, green leaves. and have no farina. Is good for exhibition. P. elatior (Oxlip), illus. p.259. Variable, leaves. Cultivation group 3 or 4. Z5–8 H8–5.
Cultivation group 1 or 2. Cultivation group 4. Z5–8 H8–5. rosette-forming, evergreen or P. Grand Burgundy Series. Rosette-
P. beesiana, syn. P. bulleyana subsp. P. chungensis, illus. p.259. Vigorous, semievergreen perennial. H 12in (30cm), forming, semievergreen or evergreen,
beesiana, illus. p.258. Rosette-forming, rosette-forming Candelabra primula. S 10in (25cm). Has umbels of small, Polyanthus Group primula. H and S 6–8in
deciduous or semievergreen, Candelabra H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm). In summer fragrant, tubular, yellow flowers, in spring, (15–20cm). Have inversely oval, wrinkled,
primula. H and S 2ft (60cm). In summer, bears tiered whorls of tubular, orange held above neat, oval to lance-shaped, mid- to dark green leaves. In spring
sturdy, white-mealy stems bear whorls of flowers among oval to lance-shaped, mid- toothed, mid-green leaves. Cultivation produce umbels of tubular, yellow-eyed
tubular, yellow-eyed, reddish-pink flowers. green leaves. Cultivation group 2. Z5–8 group 1 or 2. Z4–8 H8–1. flowers in variety of colors. Cultivation
Has inversely lance-shaped to oval, H8–5. P. ‘Elizabeth Killelay’, illus. p.258. group 1, 2 or 6.
toothed, mid-green leaves, with red P. clarkei. Small, rosette-forming Vigorous, rosette-forming, evergreen or P. ‘Guinevere’, syn. P. ‘Garryarde
midribs. Cultivation group 2. Z5–8 H8–5. perennial. H 3in (7cm), S 6in (15cm). In semievergreen, Polyanthus Group primula. Guinevere’, illus. p.257. Vigorous, rosette-
P. Belarina Series. Vigorous, rosette- spring has flat, rose-pink flowers, with H and S 8in (20cm). Small, fragrant, double, forming, evergreen, Polyanthus Group
forming, evergreen or semievergreen, yellow eyes, just above clump of rounded maroon flowers, with creamy edge to each primula. H 5in (12cm), S 10in (25cm). Flat,
Primrose Group primula. H 6in (15cm), to oval, pale green leaves. Cultivation petal and yellow eye, are borne in umbels purplish-pink flowers, with yellow eyes, are
S 9in (23cm). Have oval to lance-shaped, group 2 or 4. Divide in late winter. Z6–8 on reddish stems in spring. Has long, oval, produced in spring among oval, toothed,
dark green leaves. In late winter and spring H8–6. dark green leaves. Cultivation group 2. bronze-green leaves. Cultivation group 2.
produce flat, fully double flowers, with P. clusiana. Small, rosette-forming, P. ‘E.R. Janes’. Vigorous, rosette- P. ‘Harlow Carr’. Rosette-forming,
slightly ruffled petals. Cultivation group 1 evergreen perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 6in forming, semievergreen, Primrose Group Alpine Auricula primula. H 4–6in (10–5cm),
or 2. ‘Belarina Cobalt Blue’ (illus. p.258) (15cm). In spring bears umbels of tubular, primula. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 12–16in (30– S 6–8in (15–20cm). In spring produces flat,
has very dark green leaves and vivid deep rose-pink flowers, with white eyes. Leaves 40cm). Flat, pale rose-pink flowers, flushed white flowers, on short stems, above oval,
blue flowers. BELARINA PINK ICE are oval, glossy and mid-green. Cultivation with orange, are borne in spring amid soft, mid-green leaves. Cultivation group 1
(‘Kerbelpice’), illus. p.303. group 4 or 5. Z5–8 H8–5. broadly oval, toothed, mid-green leaves. or 4. Z3–8 H8–1.
P. bhutanica ‘Sherriff’s Variety’, syn. P. ‘Craddock White’. Rosette-forming, Cultivation group 1 or 2. Z5–8 H8–5. P. helodoxa. See P. prolifera.
P. whitei ‘Sherriff’s Variety’. Rosette- deciduous or semievergreen, Primrose P. farinosa (Bird’s-eye primrose). Rosette- P. hirsuta, syn. P. rubra. Rosette-forming,
forming perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 8in Group primula. H to 5in (12cm), S 10in forming perennial. H and S 10in (25cm). In evergreen perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 10in
(20cm). Often short-lived. In spring (25cm). Fragrant, upward-facing, flat, spring, umbels of tubular, lilac-pink, (25cm). Produces small umbels of flat, rose
produces neat umbels of tubular, pale ice- white flowers, with yellow eyes, are borne occasionally white, flowers are borne on or lilac flowers in spring. Has small,
blue to sky-blue flowers, with strongly- in spring just above long, oval, red-veined, short, sturdy stems. Oval, toothed, mid- rounded to oval, sticky, mid-green leaves.
toothed petals and greenish-yellow eye dark green leaves. Cultivation group 1 or 2. green leaves are densely covered with Cultivation group 1, 2, or 4. Z3–8 H8–1.
surrounded by broad, white zone, close to Z4–8 H8–1. white farina. Cultivation group 2 or 4. P. Husky Series. Rosette-forming,
oval to lance-shaped, crinkled, mid-green P. Crescendo Series, illus. p.258. Z4–8 H8–1. evergreen or semievergreen, Primrose
leaves. Cultivation group 3. Rosette-forming, evergreen or P. flaccida, syn. P. nutans of gardens. Lax, Group primula, usually grown as a
P. ‘Blairside Yellow’, illus. p.259. semievergreen, Polyanthus Group primula, rosette-forming, short-lived perennial. biennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Has inversely
Compact, border Auricula primula. H 4in usually grown as biennials. H and S 8in H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). In early oval, wrinkled, dark green leaves. In late
(10cm), S 8in (20cm). In early spring, bell- (20cm). Have inversely oval, wrinkled, dark summer, each sturdy stem produces conical winter and spring produces flat, brightly
shaped, golden-yellow flowers nestle in green leaves. In spring produce umbels of head of pendent, bell-shaped, lavender or yellow-eyed flowers in 8 colors. Cultivation
rosette of tiny, rounded to oval, pale green flat, yellow-centered flowers. Cultivation violet flowers above narrowly oval, pale to group 1 or 2. [white], illus. p.257.
leaves. Cultivation group 2 or 5. Z4–8 group 1 or 2. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Crescendo mid-green leaves. Cultivation group 3 or 4. P. ‘Inverewe’, illus. p.258. Vigorous,
H8–1. Bright Red’ (illus. p.258) has bright scarlet Z4–8 H8–1. rosette-forming, semievergreen,
P. ‘Blossom’. Vigorous, alpine Auricula flowers. ‘Crescendo Pink and Rose P. florindae, illus. p.445. Candelabra primula. H 30in (75cm), S 24in
primula. H and S 4in (10cm). Flat, deep Shades’ (illus. p.257) produces flowers in P. forrestii, illus. p.259. Rosette-forming, (60cm). Tubular, bright orange-red flowers
crimson to bright red flowers, with golden shades of rich purplish-pink. evergreen perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in are produced in summer on stems coated
centers, are borne profusely in spring. Has P. ‘David Green’. Rosette-forming, (45cm). Dense umbels of flat, yellow flowers, with white farina. Has oval to lance-
oval, dark green leaves. Is suitable for Primrose Group primula. H 4in (10cm), with orange eyes, are borne in late spring or shaped, toothed, coarse, mid-green leaves.
exhibition. Cultivation group 1 or 4. Z4–8 S 6–8in (15–20cm). In spring produces flat, early summer. Has oval, toothed, dark green Cultivation group 2. Z4–8 H8–1.
H8–1. bright crimson-purple flowers amid oval, leaves. Cultivation group 4 or 5. Z6–8 H8–6. P. ioessa. Rosette-forming perennial.
P. bulleyana, illus. p.259. Rosette- coarse, mid-green leaves. Cultivation group P. ‘Fransisca’, illus. p.259. Vigorous, H and S 12in (30cm). Clustered heads of
forming, semievergreen, Candelabra 1 or 2. rosette-forming, evergreen or funnel-shaped, pink or pinkish-mauve,
primula. H and S 24in (60cm). Tubular, P. ‘Dawn Ansell’, illus. p.257. Vigorous, semievergreen, Polyanthus Group primula. or sometimes white, flowers are borne
deep orange flowers are produced in early evergreen or semievergreen, Primrose H and S 8in (20cm) In spring has umbels in spring or early summer above oval to
summer. Leaves are oval to lance-shaped, Group primula. H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm). of large, flat, slightly ruffled, pale green lance-shaped, toothed, mid-green leaves.
toothed and dark green. Cultivation group Has oval to lance-shaped, slightly toothed, flowers, with large, star-shaped, yellow Cultivation group 2, 3 or 4. Z5–8 H8–5.
2. Z5–8 H8–5. subsp. beesiana. See fresh green leaves. In spring produces eye marked with 5 slender, orange streaks. P. ‘Janet’. Vigorous, rosette-forming,
P. beesiana. double, white flowers set in an enlarged, Cultivation group 2. alpine Auricula. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 6in
P. Charisma Series. Rosette-forming, leafy green calyx. Cultivation group 2. P. frondosa, illus. p.257. Compact, (15cm). In spring, clusters of outward-
semievergreen or evergreen, Primrose P. denticulata (Drumstick primula). rosette-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm), facing, flat, purplish-pink flowers are
Group primulas, usually grown as Robust, rosette-forming perennial. H and S 10in (25cm). In spring bears umbels of produced above oval to rounded, soft,
biennials. H and S 8in (20cm). Have S 18in (45cm). From early to mid-spring, flat, yellow-eyed, lilac-rose to reddish- mid-green leaves. Cultivation group 1
inversely oval, wrinkled, dark green leaves. dense, rounded heads of flat, lilac, purple, purple flowers, on short stems, above oval, or 4. Propagate by offsets after flowering.
In spring produce tubular flowers in or pink flowers are borne on tops of sturdy mid-green leaves, densely covered with Z3–8 H8–1.

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P P. ‘Janie Hill’. Rosette-forming, alpine above oval, toothed, mid-green leaves H and S 4–6in (10–15cm). Have lance-shaped P. secundiflora. Rosette-forming,
Auricula. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Flat, densely covered with white farina. leaves. Heads of large, fragrant, flat flowers, evergreen or semievergreen perennial.
670 dark to golden-brown flowers, with golden Cultivation group 4 or 5. Z3–8 H8–1. in shades of blue, yellow, red, pink or white, H 24–36in (60–90cm), S 24in (60cm). Has
centers, are produced in mid- to late ‘Prichard’s Variety’ has lilac-purple are produced in spring. Cultivation group 1, clusters of pendent, funnel-shaped,
spring. Has oval, mid-green leaves. Is flowers with white eyes. 2, 4, or 6. reddish-purple flowers, in summer, above
useful for exhibition. Cultivation group P. marginata ‘Linda Pope’. See P. ‘Linda P. palinuri, illus. p.259. Rosette-forming, lance-shaped, toothed leaves. Cultivation
4 or 5. Z3–8 H8–1. Pope’. evergreen perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). group 2. Z4–8 H8–1.
P. japonica (Japanese primrose). Robust, P. ‘Mark’, illus. p.258. Vigorous, alpine One-sided clusters of semi-pendent, P. sieboldii, illus. p.258. Rosette-forming
rosette-forming, Candelabra primula. Auricula primula. H and S 4in (10cm). narrowly funnel-shaped, yellow flowers, on perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm).
H and S 18in (45cm). In early summer Produces flat, pink flowers, with light thick stems, are produced in early summer. Umbels of flat, white, pink or purple
produces tubular, deep red flowers, on yellow centers, in spring. Has oval, vibrant Has rounded to oval, lightly toothed, thick- flowers, with white eyes, are borne above
sturdy stems, above oval to lance-shaped, green leaves. Is good for exhibition. textured, powdered, green leaves. oval, round-toothed, downy, soft, pale
toothed, coarse, pale green leaves. Cultivation group 4. Z4–8 H8–1. Cultivation group 1 or 4; requires full sun. green leaves in early summer. Cultivation
Cultivation group 2. Z4–8 H8–1. P. ‘Matthew Yates’, illus. p.258. Z6–8 H8–1. group 2. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Geisha Girl’ (illus.
‘Miller’s Crimson’, illus. p.257. Has Vigorous, double auricula. H and S 5in P. petiolaris. Rosette-forming, evergreen p.257) bears large, pink flowers, with
intense crimson flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. (12cm). Produces fully double, very dark perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). deeply cut petals. ‘Sumina’ bears large,
‘Postford White’, illus. p.257. Bears blackish-red flowers, in tight trusses, in Solitary, tubular, purplish-pink flowers, wisteria-blue flowers. ‘Wine Lady’ has
white flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. spring. Leaves are inversely oval and with toothed petals, are borne in spring. white flowers, strongly suffused with
P. Joker Series. Compact, rosette- mid-green with some farina. Is good for Has small, oval, toothed, mid-green leaves. purplish-red.
forming, evergreen or semievergreen exhibition. Cultivation group 1 or 4. Cultivation group 3 or 4. Z4–8 H8–1. P. sikkimensis (Himalayan cowslip), illus.
perennial. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 10in (25cm). P. melanops. See P. chionantha subsp. P. poissonii. Rosette-forming, evergreen p.259. Rosette-forming perennial. H 24–36in
Have short-stemmed, inversely lance- melanops. perennial. H 18–20in (45–50cm), S 8–10in (60–90cm), S 24in (60cm). Pendent clusters
shaped to oval, mid-green leaves. In spring P. ‘Miss Indigo’, syn. P. vulgaris ‘Miss (20–25cm). Has long, inversely lance- of funnel-shaped, yellow flowers are borne
produce tubular flowers, in range of colors, Indigo’, illus. p.258. Vigorous, rosette- shaped, dark green leaves. Produces 4–5 in summer. Has rounded to oval, toothed,
including bicolors, with yellow or creamy- forming, evergreen or semievergreen whorls of tubular, plum-purple flowers, pale green leaves. Cultivation group 2.
yellow eyes. Are also available in selected perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 14in (35cm). Has with golden eyes, in early and mid-summer. Z4–8 H8–1.
color variants. Z6–8 H8—6. ‘Cherry’ has oval to lance-shaped, toothed, bright green Cultivation Group 3. P. sinensis. Erect, rosette-forming,
mid-pink petals with crimson bases. ‘Red leaves. In spring produces flat, double, P. polyneura, illus. p.258. Rosette-forming evergreen perennial. H and S 6–8in
and Gold’ has golden-yellow flowers with deep rich purple flowers, with creamy- perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Dense (15–20cm). Flat, purple, purple-rose, pink
wide, red margins. white tips. Cultivation group 2. Z4–8 H8–1. heads of tubular, pale rose, rich rose or or white flowers, with yellow eyes, are
P. kewensis, illus. p.259. Rosette-forming, P. modesta. Rosette-forming perennial. purple-rose flowers are produced in late produced in neat whorls in winter–spring.
evergreen perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 8in H and S 8in (20cm). Dense heads of small, spring or early summer. Rounded to oval, Leaves are oval, toothed, hairy and mid-
(20cm). Produces whorls of fragrant, tubular, pinkish-purple flowers, on short shallowly lobed, downy, soft leaves are green. Cultivation group 6. Z7–8 H8–7.
tubular, bright yellow flowers in early stems, are produced in spring. Rounded to mid-green. Cultivation group 2. Z3–8 H8–1. P. sonchifolia. Rosette-forming perennial.
spring. Oval to spoon-shaped, toothed, oval, mid-green leaves are covered with P. prolifera, syn. P. helodoxa, illus. p.445. H 2in (5cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces dense
mid-green leaves are sparsely covered yellow farina. Cultivation group 1 or 4. P. x pubescens ‘Mrs. J.H. Wilson’. See umbels of tubular, blue-purple flowers,
with white farina. Cultivation group 6. Z4–8 H8–1. var. fauriae, H and S 2in P. ‘Mrs. J.H. Wilson’. with white eyes and yellow margins, in
Z9–11 H6–1. (5cm), produces yellow-eyed, pinkish- P. pulverulenta, illus. p.258. Rosette- spring. Leaves are oval to lance-shaped,
P. ‘Lady Greer’, illus. p.257. Semi- purple flowers and leaves covered with forming, Candelabra primula. H 36in toothed and mid-green. Cultivation group
creeping, rosette-forming, semievergreen, white farina. (90cm), S 24in (60cm). In early summer 3 or 4. Z5–8 H8–5.
Polyanthus Group primula. H and S 4–6in P. ‘Moonstone’. Rosette-forming, Border bears tubular, deep red flowers, with P. Super Giants Series. Rosette-forming
(10–15cm). Has umbels of fragrant, funnel- Auricula primula. H 5in (12cm), S 6in purple-red eyes, on stems covered with Polyanthus Group primulas, usually grown
shaped, creamy-yellow flowers in spring. (15cm). Rounded, double, whitish- or white farina. Has broadly lance-shaped, as biennials. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm).
Small, bright green leaves are produced greenish-yellow flowers are produced in toothed, coarse, mid-green leaves. Produce large, fragrant, flat flowers, in
close to ground. Cultivation group 2. profusion in spring. Leaves are oval and Cultivation group 2. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Bartley’ wide range of colors, in spring. Cultivation
Z3–8 H8–1. mid-green. Preferably, grow under glass. has pink flowers. group 1 or 2. Z6–8 H8–1.
P. ‘Linda Pope’, syn. P. marginata ‘Linda Cultivation group 4 or 5. Z4–8 H8–1. P. reidii. Robust, rosette-forming P. ‘Tawny Port’. Very dwarf, rosette-
Pope’. Vigorous, rosette-forming, P. ‘Mrs. J.H. Wilson’, syn. P. x pubescens perennial. H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 4–6in forming, evergreen or semievergreen,
evergreen or semievergreen perennial ‘Mrs. J.H. Wilson’. Rosette-forming, Alpine (10–15cm). Produces dense clusters of Polyanthus Group primula. H 4–6in
derived from P. marginata. H 6in (15cm), Auricula primula. H and S 4–6in (10–15cm). bell-shaped, pure white flowers, on slender (10–15cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Bears flat,
S 12in (30cm). In spring bears flat, mauve- Bears small umbels of flat, white-centered, stems, in early summer. Has oval, hairy, port-wine-colored flowers, on short stems,
blue flowers, on short stems, above oval, purple flowers in spring. Oval leaves are pale green leaves. Cultivation group 3 or 4. in spring. Rounded to oval, toothed leaves
toothed, mid-green leaves covered with grayish-green. Cultivation group 1 or 4. Z5–8 H8–5. var. williamsii is more robust are reddish-green. Cultivation group 1, 2,
white farina. Cultivation group 4 or 5. Z4–8 H8–1. and has purplish-blue to pale blue flowers. or 4. Z3–8 H8–1.
Z4–8 H8–1. P. nana, syn. P. edgeworthii. Rosette- P. rosea. Rosette-forming perennial. P. ‘Trouble’, illus. p.259. Vigorous, double
P. malacoides (Fairy primrose). Erect, forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in H and S 8in (20cm). In early spring bears auricula. H and S 5in (12cm). Leaves are
rosette-forming, evergreen perennial, (15cm). Solitary, flat, pale mauve flowers, small clusters of flat, glowing rose-pink broad, inversely oval, mid-green and
usually grown as an annual. H 12–18in with white eyes, are produced among oval, flowers, on short stems, among oval to irregularly toothed. Produces fully double
(30–45cm), S 8in (20cm). In winter–spring, toothed, pale green leaves in spring. lance-shaped, mid-green leaves, often flowers, a blend of yellow and pink, resulting
small, flat, single or double, pale lilac- Cultivation group 3 or 4. Z4–8 H8–1. bronze-flushed when young. Cultivation in pale coffee-colored blooms borne in tight
purple, reddish-pink and white flowers are P. nutans of gardens. See P. flaccida. group 2. Z3–8 H8–1. trusses in spring. Cultivation group 1 or 4.
borne in whorls of decreasing size up P. obconica. Erect, rosette-forming, P. ‘Royal Velvet’. Vigorous, rosette- P. veris, illus. p.263. ‘Katy McSparron’
slender, softly hairy stems. Leaves are oval, evergreen perennial, usually grown as an forming, Border Auricula primula. H and (illus. p.259) is a rosette-forming, evergreen
slightly frilly-margined, softly downy and annual. H 9–16in (23–40cm), S 10in (25cm). S 6–8in (15–20cm). Flat, velvety, blue- or semievergreen perennial. H and S 10in
pale green. Cultivation group 6. Z8–10 Flat, purple, lilac or white flowers, with tinged, maroon flowers, with frilled petals (25cm). Bears tight clusters of fragrant,
H10–8. yellow eyes, are borne in dense umbels in and large, creamy-yellow centers, are tubular, fully double, yellow flowers, with
P. ‘Margaret Martin’, illus. p.259. winter–spring. Leaves are oval, toothed, produced in spring. Has large, spoon- enlarged, grayish calyx, in spring. Leaves
Rosette-forming, show Auricula primula. hairy and pale green. Cultivation group 6. shaped, pale green leaves. Cultivation are oval to lance-shaped, toothed and mid-
H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Bears flat, Z10–12 H6–1. group 2 or 5. green. Cultivation group 1 or 2.
gray-edged flowers, with black body color P. ‘Orb’. Neat, Show Auricula primula. P. rubra. See P. hirsuta. P. verticillata, illus. p.259. Rosette-forming
and white centers, in mid- to late spring. H and S 4in (10cm). Flat, dark-green-edged P. x scapeosa. Vigorous, rosette-forming perennial. H 8–10in (20–25cm), S 6–8in
Has spoon-shaped, gray-green leaves flowers, with black body color and central perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 10in (25cm). (15–20cm). Fragrant, bell-shaped, yellow
covered with white farina. Is excellent for zone of white paste, are produced from Clusters of outward-facing, flat, mauve- flowers are borne in whorls in spring. Has
exhibition. Cultivation group 4. Z4–8 mid- to late spring. Has spoon-shaped, pink flowers, in early spring, are initially oval, toothed, mid-green leaves. Cultivation
H8–1. dark green leaves without farina. Is good hidden by broadly oval, sharply toothed, group 4 or 6. Z3–8 H8–1.
P. marginata. Rosette-forming, evergreen for exhibition. Cultivation group 4. mid-green leaves covered at first with P. vialii, illus. p.257. Rosette-forming,
or semievergreen perennial. H 6in (15cm), P. Pacific Series. Rosette-forming, slight farina; later, flower stem elongates often short-lived perennial. H 12–24in
S 12in (30cm). In spring, clusters of funnel- Polyanthus Group primulas, normally grown above leaves. Cultivation group 3 or 4. (30–60cm), S 12in (30cm). Dense, conical
shaped, blue-lilac flowers are produced as biennials. H and S 8–9in (20–22cm); dwarf: Z2–8 H8–1. spikes of tubular, bluish-purple and red

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flowers are produced in late spring. Has followed by rounded, horned, brown produces cup-shaped flower heads, 5in P. amygdalopersica. See P. x P
lance-shaped, toothed, soft, mid-green fruits, 3–4in (8–10cm) long, which, if (13cm) long, with petal-like, pink, red or persicoides.
leaves. Cultivation group 1 or 2. Z5–8 gathered young, may be pickled and e white bracts. Z9–10 H10–9. P. avium, illus. p.67. ‘Plena’, illus. p.71. 671
H8–5. aten. Z8–9 H9–7. P. x blireana. Deciduous, spreading shrub
P. vulgaris (Primrose), illus. p.259. P. jussieui. See P. louisianica. PRUMNOPITYS or small tree. H and S 12ft (4m). Bears
Rosette-forming, evergreen or P. louisianica, syn. P. jussieui, double, pink flowers in mid-spring and has
semievergreen perennial. H 8in (20cm), P. proboscidea, Martynia louisianica PODOCARPACEAE oval, purple leaves. Z5–8 H8–5.
S 14in (35cm). Solitary, flat, soft yellow (Common devil’s claw, Common unicorn P. campanulata (Bell-flowered cherry,
flowers, with darker eyes, are borne plant, Ram’s horn). Erect to spreading See also CONIFERS. Taiwan cherry). Deciduous, spreading tree.
among oval to lance-shaped, toothed, annual. H 18in (45cm), S 36in (90cm). Has P. andina, syn. Podocarpus andinus (Plum H and S 25ft (8m). Shallowly bell-shaped,
bright green leaves in spring. Cultivation rounded to ovate, unlobed leaves. In yew). Conifer with domed crown on several deep rose-red flowers are produced from
group 2. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Alba Plena’ (illus. summer bears funnel-shaped, fragrant, stems. H 50ft (15m), S 25ft (8m). Has smooth, early to mid-spring, before or with oval,
p.257) has double, white flowers. ‘Gigha reddish-purple to purple flowers, followed gray-brown bark, needlelike, flattened, taper-pointed, dark green leaves. Fruits are
White’ is very floriferous and has yellow- by narrow, crested fruit, to 21/2in (6cm) bluish-green leaves and edible, yellowish- small, rounded and reddish. Z7–8 H8–7.
eyed, white flowers. ‘Lilacina Plena’ is long, with beaklike projections. Z7–9 H9–7. white fruits like small plums. Z8–10 H10–8. P. cerasifera (Cherry plum, Myrobalan).
vigorous and free-flowering, with fully P. proboscidea. See P. louisianica. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Nigra’, illus. p.86. ‘Pissardii’
double, lilac-purple flowers. ‘Miss PRUNELLA is a deciduous, round-headed tree. H and
Indigo’. See P. ‘Miss Indigo’. subsp. Prometheum sempervivoides. See S 30ft (10m). Small, 5-petaled, pale pink
sibthorpii (illus. p.258) has pink or Sedum sempervivoides. Selfheal flowers open from early to mid-spring and
purplish-pink flowers. are often followed by edible, plumlike, red
P. Wanda Supreme Series. Evergreen PROSTANTHERA LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE fruits. Has oval, red, young leaves turning
or semievergreen perennials. H 3–4in deeper red, then purple. Is suitable for
(8–10cm), S 6in (15cm). Have inversely lance- Mint bush Genus of semievergreen perennials with hedging.
shaped to oval, bronze to dark green foliage. spreading mats of leaves from which arise P. ‘Cheal’s Weeping’. See P. ‘Kiku-
From winter to mid-spring produce flowers LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE short, stubby flower spikes in mid-summer. shidare-zakura’.
in different shades of blue, yellow, purple, Is suitable for rock gardens. Needs sun or P. x cistena, illus. p.146.
burgundy, red, rose and pink bicolors. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their partial shade and moist but well-drained P. davidiana (David’s peach). Deciduous,
Cultivation group 1 or 2. Z5–8 H8–5. flowers and mint-scented foliage. Requires soil. Propagate by division in spring. spreading tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Saucer-
P. warshenewskiana. Rosette-forming full light or partial shade and fertile, well- P. grandiflora, syn. P. x webbiana, illus. shaped, 5-petaled, white or pale pink
perennial. H 3in (7cm), S 6in (15cm). Tiny, drained soil. Water container specimens p.368. ‘Loveliness’ is a semievergreen, flowers are borne on slender shoots in late
flat, white-eyed, bright pink flowers are freely when in full growth, moderately at basal-rosetted, groundcover perennial. winter and early spring, but are susceptible
borne just above spoon-shaped, dark green other times. Leggy stems may be cut back H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears to late frosts. Leaves are narrowly oval and
leaves in early spring. Cultivation group 2 after flowering. Propagate by seed in whorls of pale purple flowers in terminal dark green. Fruits are rounded and
or 4. Divide clumps regularly in late winter spring or by semiripe cuttings in late spikes on leafy stems in summer. May be reddish. Z4–8 H8–1.
before flowering. Z4–8 H8–1. summer. invasive; cut old flower stems before they P. dulcis (Common almond). ‘Roseoplena’
P. whitei ‘Sherriff’s Variety’. See P. P. cuneata, illus. p.197. seed. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Pink Loveliness’ bears is a deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 25ft
bhutanica ‘Sherriff’s Variety’. P. lasianthos. Evergreen, erect shrub. soft pink flowers in terminal spikes in (8m). Bears double, pink flowers in late
P. ‘Woodland Walk’, illus. p.257. Rosette- H and S to 6ft (2m). Has lance-shaped, summer. Makes good groundcover, but winter and early spring, before oblong,
forming, evergreen or semievergreen, aromatic, mid-green leaves. In spring may be invasive. Cut off old flower stems pointed, toothed, dark green leaves. Z5–8
Primrose Group primula. H and S 8in produces masses of branched, terminal before they produce seed. Z5–8 H8–5. H8–5.
(20cm). Has inversely oval, wrinkled, panicles of 2-lipped, purple-tinted, white ‘White Loveliness’ has white flowers. P. glandulosa. ‘Alba Plena’, illus. p.145.
bronze-tinted, dark green leaves. In late or cream flowers. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Rosea Plena’. See P. glandulosa ‘Sinensis’.
winter and spring, flat flowers, with heart- P. melissifolia. Evergreen, erect shrub. P. x webbiana. See P. grandiflora. Z5–8 H8–3. ‘Sinensis’, syn. P. glandulosa
shaped petals, are borne on single stems H and S 6ft (2m). Has ovate to elliptic, very ‘Rosea Plena’ is a deciduous, rounded, open
and range in color from faintly pink-tinted aromatic, mid-green leaves. In summer PRUNUS shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Produces double,
white to vivid pink, each petal edged in produces terminal racemes of 2-lipped, bright rose-pink flowers in late spring and
darker pink. Cultivation group 2. bright lilac, purple or pink flowers. Almond, Cherry, Cherry laurel, oval, mid-green leaves. Flowers best when
P. ‘Yellow Dream’. Rosette-forming, P. ovalifolia, illus. p.457. Nectarine, Peach, Plum grown against a south- or west-facing wall.
Polyanthus Group primula. H and S 6–9in P. rotundifolia, illus. p.138. ‘Rosea’, illus. Cut back young shoots to within a few buds
(15–23cm). Has ovate, toothed leaves. p.192. ROSACEAE of old wood after flowering. Z5–8 H8–3.
Produces large, fragrant, bright yellow P. ‘Hally Jolivette’. Deciduous, rounded,
flower heads, with slightly darker yellow PROTEA Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs compact tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Double,
centers, in late winter and spring. and trees. The trees are grown mainly for white flowers open from pink buds in late
PROTEACEAE their single (5-petaled) to double flowers spring. Leaves are oval and dark green.
PRINSEPIA and fall color; the shrubs for their fall color, Z6–8 H8–3.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, bark, flowers or fruits. All have oval to P. x hillieri ‘Spire’. See P. ‘Spire’.
ROSACEAE grown mainly for their colorfully bracted oblong leaves. Evergreen species need sun P. ‘Hokusai’, syn. P. ‘Uzuzakura’, illus.
flower heads. Is difficult to grow. Requires or partial shade; deciduous species prefer p.82.
Genus of deciduous, usually spiny, spring- full light and well-drained, neutral to acidic full sun. All may be grown in any but P. incisa, illus. p.81. ‘February Pink’
and early summer-flowering shrubs, grown soil, low in phosphates and nitrates. Water waterlogged soil. Trim deciduous hedges is a deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 25ft
for their habit, flowers and fruits. Does well container specimens moderately, less when after flowering, evergreen ones in early or (8m). Oval, sharply toothed, dark green
against a south- or west-facing wall. Needs not in full growth. Plants under glass must mid-spring. Propagate deciduous species leaves are reddish when young, orange-red
sun and any not too dry soil. Propagate by have plenty of ventilation throughout the by seed in fall, deciduous hybrids and in fall. In mild, winter periods bears
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed in year. Prune, if necessary, in early spring. selected forms by softwood cuttings in 5-petaled, pale pink flowers. Has tiny,
fall. Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe summer, evergreens by semiripe cuttings rounded, reddish fruits. Z6–8 H8–6.
P. uniflora, illus. p.129. cuttings in summer. in summer. Birds may eat flower buds and P. jamasakura, syn. P. serrulata var.
P. barbigera. See P. magnifica. foliage may be attacked by aphids, spontanea, illus. p.71.
PROBOSCIDEA P. cynaroides, illus. p.454. caterpillars and the fungal disease silver P. ‘Kanzan’, illus. p.72.
P. magnifica, syn. P. barbigera (Woolly- leaf. Flowering cherries are prone to a P. ‘Kiku-shidare-zakura’, syn.
Unicorn plant bearded protea). Evergreen, rounded to fungus that causes “witches’ brooms” P. ‘Cheal’s Weeping’, illus. p.83.
spreading shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Has (abnormal, crowded shoots). Certain P. ‘Kursar’. Deciduous, spreading tree.
MARTYNIACEAE/PEDALIACEAE oblong to elliptic, leathery, mid- to grayish- Prunus species and cultivars, notably H and S 25ft (8m). Bears masses of small,
green leaves. Spherical flower heads, 6–8in cultivars of the almond (P. dulcis) and the 5-petaled, deep pink flowers in early
Genus of annuals and perennials. Needs a (15–20cm) wide, with petal-like, pink, red, peach (P. persica), are grown for their spring. Oval, dark green leaves turn
sunny, sheltered position and fertile, well- yellow or white bracts, are borne in brilliant orange in fall. Z6–8 H8–6.
drained soil. Propagate by seed sown spring–summer. Z9–10 H10–9. edible fruits. T Leaves and fruits of most P. laurocerasus (Cherry laurel, English
under glass in early spring. P. mellifera. See P. repens. laurel). Evergreen, dense, bushy shrub
P. fragrans. Moderately fast-growing, P. neriifolia, illus. p.454. other species may cause severe discomfort becoming spreading and open. H 20ft (6m),
upright annual. H 24in (60cm), S 12in P. repens, syn. P. mellifera (Honey flower, if ingested. S 30ft (10m). Has large, oblong, glossy,
(30cm). Has rounded, serrated or lobed Sugarbush). Evergreen, ovoid to rounded P. ‘Accolade’, illus. p.83.
leaves. Fragrant, bell-shaped, crimson- shrub. H and S 6–10ft (2–3m). Mid-green P. ‘Amanogawa’. Deciduous, upright
purple flowers, in summer–fall, are leaves are narrowly oblong to elliptic and tree. H 30ft (10m), S 12ft (4m). Bears
tinted blue-gray. In spring–summer fragrant, semidouble, pale pink flowers in
late spring. Oblong to oval, taper-pointed,
dark green leaves turn orange and red in
fall. Z6–8 H8–6.

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P bright green leaves. Long spikes of small, slender, lance-shaped, bright green leaves. bird cherry). Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Schubert’ is a Pseudolobivia aurea. See Echinopsis
single, white flowers, from mid- to late Is susceptible to the fungal disease peach deciduous, conical tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft aurea.
672 spring, are followed by cherry-shaped, red leaf curl. ‘Prince Charming’, illus. p.83. (8m). Produces dense spikes of small, star- Pseudomuscari azureum. See Muscari
then black fruits. Restrict growth by cutting P. x persicoides, syn. P. amygdalopersica. shaped, white flowers, from mid- to late azureum.
back hard in spring. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Otto Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Pollardii’ is a deciduous, spring, followed by dark purple-red fruits.
Luyken’, illus. p.145. ‘Schipkaensis’, spreading tree. H and S 22ft (7m). Large, Has oval, pale green, young leaves, turning PSEUDOPANAX
H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m), has a spreading 5-petaled, bright pink flowers are borne deep reddish-purple in summer.
habit, narrow leaves and freely borne from early to mid-spring, before oval, glossy, P. ‘Yae-murasaki’, illus. p.82. SYN. NEOPANAX
flowers in upright spikes. ‘Zabeliana’, mid-green leaves emerge. Green then brown P. x yedoensis, illus. p.82. ARALIACEAE
illus. p.145. fruits are like almonds in shape and taste.
P. lusitanica (Laurel, Portugal laurel). P. ‘Pink Perfection’, illus. p.83. PSEUDERANTHEMUM Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub or P. ‘Pink Shell’, illus. p.84. grown for their unusual foliage and
spreading tree. H and S 20–30ft (6–10m). P. ‘Pink Star’. See P. pendula ‘Stellata’. ACANTHACEAE fruits. Is excellent for landscaping and
Reddish-purple shoots bear oval, glossy, P. sargentii, illus. p.77. may also be grown in large containers.
dark green leaves. Slender spikes of small, P. serotina, illus. p.66. Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs, Insignificant flowers are produced in
fragrant, 5-petaled, white flowers, in early P. serrula, illus. p.78. Deciduous, round- grown mainly for their foliage. Requires summer. Needs sun or partial shade and
summer, are followed by egg-shaped, headed tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Has partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
fleshy, deep purple fruits. Restrict growth gleaming, coppery-red bark that peels. In Water container plants freely when in full semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed in
by pruning hard in spring. Z7–9 H9–4. late spring bears small, 5-petaled, white growth, moderately at other times. Tip- fall or spring.
subsp. azorica, illus. p.119. ‘Variegata’, flowers amid oval, tapering, toothed, dark prune young plants to promote a bushy P. crassifolius (Lancewood). Evergreen
illus. p.119. green leaves that turn yellow in fall. Fruits habit. Cut leggy plants back hard in spring. tree, unbranched for many years, then
P. maackii (Amur cherry). Deciduous, are tiny, rounded and reddish-brown. Z6–8 Propagate by greenwood cuttings in becoming round-headed. H 20ft (6m),
spreading tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). H8–6. spring or summer. Whitefly may sometimes S 6ft (2m). Dark green leaves are very
Has peeling, yellowish-brown bark. P. serrulata var. spontanea. See be troublesome. variable in shape on young trees, but
Produces spikes of small, white flowers in P. jamasakura. P. atropurpureum, syn. Eranthemum eventually become long, narrow, rigid and
mid-spring. Pointed, dark green leaves turn P. ‘Shimidsu’. See P. ‘Shogetsu’. atropurpureum. Evergreen, erect shrub. downward-pointing on older specimens.
yellow in fall. Z3–7 H7–1. P. ‘Shirofugen’, illus. p.83. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Has Female plants bear small, rounded, black
P. mahaleb, illus. p.71. P. ‘Shirotae’, syn. P. ‘Mount Fuji’, illus. p.82. oval, strongly purple-flushed leaves and, fruits. Z8–10 H10–8.
P. ‘Mount Fuji’. See P. ‘Shirotae’. P. ‘Shogetsu’, syn. P. ‘Shimidsu’, illus. p.81. mainly in summer, short spikes of tubular, P. ferox, illus. p.88.
P. mume (Japanese apricot). ‘Beni- P. spinosa (Blackthorn, Sloe). ‘Purpurea’, purple-marked, white flowers. Z13–15
chidori’, syn. P. mume ‘Beni-shidon’, illus. illus. p.115. H12–1. PSEUDOSASA
p.123. ‘Beni-shidon’. See P. mume ‘Beni- P. ‘Spire’, syn. P. x hillieri ‘Spire’,
chidori’. ‘Omoi-no-mama’, syn. P. mume illus. p.82. PSEUDOCYDONIA GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
‘Omoi-no-wac’ is a deciduous, spreading P. x subhirtella (Higan cherry, Rosebud
shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Has fragrant, cherry). Deciduous, spreading tree. H and ROSACEAE See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
semidouble, occasionally single, pink- S 25ft (8m). From early to mid-spring, a and SEDGES.
flushed, white flowers wreathing young profusion of small, 5-petaled, pale pink Genus of one species of deciduous or P. japonica, syn. Arundinaria japonica,
growths in early spring, before broadly oval, flowers are produced before oval, taper- semievergreen, spring-flowering tree, illus. p.287.
toothed leaves emerge. Sometimes produces pointed, dark green leaves, which turn grown for its bark, flowers and fruits. It
edible, apricot-like, yellow fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. yellow in fall. Has small, rounded, reddish- is best grown against a south- or west- PSEUDOTSUGA
‘Pendula’, H and S 20ft (6m), has weeping brown fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Autumnalis’ facing wall. Requires full sun and well-
branches and pink flowers. ‘Omoi-no- has semidouble, white flowers, pink in bud, drained soil. Does well only in hot PINACEAE
wac’. See P. mume ‘Omoi-no-mama’. in mild periods in winter. ‘Pendula summers. Propagate by seed in fall.
P. ‘Okame’. Deciduous, bushy-headed Rubra’, syn. P. pendula ‘Pendula Rubra’, P. sinensis, syn. Cydonia sinensis. See also CONIFERS.
tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Bears masses illus. p.83. ‘Stellata’. See P. pendula Deciduous or semievergreen, spreading P. douglasii. See P. menziesii.
of 5-petaled, carmine-pink flowers in early ‘Stellata’. tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has flaking bark. P. menziesii, syn. P. douglasii, P. taxifolia
spring. Oval, sharply toothed, dark green P. ‘Taihaku’, illus. p.82. Shallowly cup-shaped, pink flowers, borne (Douglas fir). Fast-growing, conical
leaves turn orange-red in fall. Z5–8 H8–5. P. tenella, illus. p.146. ‘Fire Hill’ is a from mid- to late spring, are followed after conifer. H 80ft (25m), S 25–40ft (8–12m).
P. padus (European bird cherry). deciduous, bushy shrub with upright, then hot summers by large, egg-shaped, yellow Has thick, corky, fissured, gray-brown
Deciduous, spreading tree, conical when spreading branches. H and S 6ft (2m). fruits. Oval, finely toothed leaves are dark bark. Spirally arranged, aromatic,
young. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). Bears Narrowly oval, glossy, dark green leaves green. Z6–8 H8–4. needlelike, slightly flattened leaves, which
fragrant, white flowers in pendent spikes in are foil for small, almond-like, single, very develop from sharply pointed buds, are
late spring, followed by small, black fruits. deep pink flowers borne profusely from Pseudofumaria alba. See Corydalis dark green with white bands beneath.
Dark green leaves turn yellow in fall. Z4–8 mid- to late spring, followed by small, ochroleuca of gardens. Elliptic cones, 3–4in (8–10cm) long, with
H8–1. ‘Colorata’, illus. p.72. ‘Grandiflora’. almond-like fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. Pseudofumaria lutea. See Corydalis projecting bracts, are dull brown. Z5–7
See P. padus ‘Watereri’. ‘Plena’ has double, P. tomentosa (Manchu cherry, Nanking lutea. H7–5. ‘Fletcheri’, H 10ft (3m), S 6–10ft
pink flowers and oval, reddish-purple young cherry). Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. Pseudofumaria ochroleuca. See (2–3m), makes a flat-topped shrub.
leaves that mature to dark green and then H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has small, 5-petaled, Corydalis ochroleuca of gardens. ‘Fretsii’, H 20ft (6m) or more,
turn to red or yellow in fall. ‘Watereri’, pale pink flowers, from early to mid-spring, S 10–12ft (3–4m), is slow-growing, with
syn. P. padus ‘Grandiflora’, illus. p.71. bears before oval, downy, dark green leaves PSEUDOGYNOXYS very short, dull green leaves. var.
long racemes of flowers from mid- to late emerge. Fruits are spherical and bright glauca, illus. p.96. ‘Oudemansii’ is
spring. red. Thrives in hot summers. Z2–7 H7–1. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE very slow-growing, with ascending
P. ‘Pandora’, illus. p.82. P. ‘Trailblazer’. Deciduous, spreading branches and short, glossy leaves,
P. pendula ‘Pendula Rubra’. See tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Bears 5-petaled, Genus of evergreen shrubs and woody- dark green all over.
P. x subhirtella ‘Pendula Rubra’. ‘Stellata’, white flowers, from early to mid-spring, stemmed, twining climbers, grown for P. taxifolia. See P. menziesii.
syn. P. ‘Pink Star’, P. x subhirtella ‘Stellata’, sometimes followed by edible, plumlike, their large, daisylike, yellow and orange
illus. p.83. red fruits. Oval, light green, young leaves flowers. Needs sun and well-drained soil. PSEUDOWINTERA
P. pensylvanica (Pin cherry). Deciduous, mature to deep red-purple. Z6–8 H8–6. Propagate by semiripe cuttings or layering
spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). P. triloba ‘Multiplex’. Deciduous, bushy, WINTERACEAE
Has peeling, red-banded bark and oval, spreading tree or shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). in summer or by seed in fall. T All parts
taper-pointed, bright green leaves. Double, pink flowers are borne in mid- Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
Produces clusters of small, star-shaped, spring. Has oval, dark green leaves, often may cause severe discomfort if ingested. grown for their foliage. Needs sun or
5-petaled, white flowers from mid- to late 3-lobed, that turn yellow in fall. Does best P. chenopodioides, syn. Senecio confusus partial shade and rich, moist but well-
spring, followed by small, pea-shaped, red against a sunny wall. Cut back young (Mexican flame vine). Evergreen, woody- drained soil, ideally neutral to acidic. Water
fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. shoots to within a few buds of old wood stemmed, twining climber. H to 10ft (3m) or container plants freely when in full growth,
P. persica (Peach). Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Clara after flowering. Z6–8 H8–6. more. Bears clusters of daisylike, orange- only moderately at other times. Pruning is
Meyer’ is a deciduous, spreading tree. P. ‘Ukon’, illus. p.82. yellow flower heads, aging to orange-red, tolerated, if needed. Propagate by semiripe
H 15ft (5m), S 20ft (6m). Bears double, P. ‘Uzuzakura’. See P. ‘Hokusai’. mainly in summer. Z13–15 H12–10. cuttings in summer or by seed when ripe,
bright pink flowers in mid-spring. Has P. virginiana (Choke cherry, Virginian in fall, or in spring.
PSEUDOLARIX P. axillaris, syn. Drimys axillaris
(Heropito, Pepper-tree). Evergreen,
PINACEAE rounded shrub or tree. H and S 10–25ft
(3–8m). Has oval, lustrous, mid-green
See also CONIFERS.
P. amabilis, syn. P. kaempferi, illus. p.102.
P. kaempferi. See P. amabilis.

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leaves, blue-gray beneath. Tiny, star- regularly. Propagate by division in spring PTEROSTYRAX P. ‘Excalibur’, illus. p.261. Vigorous, P
shaped, greenish-yellow flowers, in or by spores in summer. semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.
spring–summer, are followed by bright P. cretica (Cretan brake). Evergreen or STYRACACEAE H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm). Has narrowly 673
red fruits. Z9–10 H10–9. semievergreen fern. H 18in (45cm), S 12in lance-shaped, hairy, silver leaves, with
P. colorata, syn. Drimys colorata. (30cm). Produces triangular to broadly Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, narrow, green edge. In early and mid-
Evergreen, bushy, spreading shrub. H 3ft oval, divided, pale green fronds that have grown for their foliage and fragrant spring, heads of tubular, 5-lobed, borage-
(1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has oval, leathery, pale finger-like pinnae. Z12–15 H12–10. flowers. Requires sun or partial shade and like, light blue flowers open from pink
yellow-green leaves, blotched with pink ‘Albolineata’, syn. P. cretica var. deep, well-drained, neutral to acid soil. buds. Z4–8 H8–1.
and narrowly edged with deep red- albolineata has pale green fronds centrally Propagate by softwood or semiripe P. ‘Glacier’. Semievergreen, clump-
purple; undersides are bluish-white. variegated with creamy-white. ‘Mayi’, cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. forming perennial. H 8–12in (20–30cm),
Clusters of 2–5 small, star-shaped, H 12in (30cm), has crested frond tips. P. hispida, illus. p.73. S 20in (50cm). Has broadly oval, hairy, mid-
greenish-yellow flowers are borne in ‘Wimsettii’, illus. p.478. is compact, with green leaves spotted with silver. In early
mid-spring. Provide shelter in all but the the margins of pinnae deeply and Ptilotrichum spinosum. See Alyssum and mid-spring produces heads of tubular,
mildest areas. Z9–10 H10–9. irregularly lobed. spinosum. 5-lobed, borage-like, pale blue and pale
P. cretica var. albolineata. See P. cretica pink flowers.
PSYCHOPSIS ‘Albolineata’. PUERARIA P. ‘Ice Ballet’. Vigorous, semievergreen,
P. ensiformis (Sword brake). Deciduous clump-forming perennial. H 12in (30cm),
Butterfly orchid or semievergreen fern. H 12in (30cm), S 9in LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE S 20in (50cm). Has broadly oval, hairy,
(23cm). Dark green fronds, often grayish- mildew-resistant, mid-green leaves
ORCHIDACEAE white around midribs, are coarsely divided Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed or well spotted with silver. In early and
into finger-shaped pinnae. Z10–11 H12–10. herbaceous, twining climbers. Needs full mid-spring bears heads of large,
See also ORCHIDS. ‘Arguta’, H 18in (45cm), has deeper green sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, pure
P. papilio, syn. Oncidium papilio (Butterfly fronds with central, silver-white marks. seed in spring. white flowers.
orchid), illus. p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic P. hirsuta. See P. lobata. P. ‘Lewis Palmer’, illus. p.261.
orchid for a warm greenhouse. H 6in PTEROCARYA P. lobata, syn. P. hirsuta, P. montana var. Vigorous, semievergreen, clump-forming
(15cm). In summer, solitary, rich yellow- lobata, P. thunbergiana (Japanese perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 20in (50cm).
marked, orange-brown flowers, 3in (8cm) Wingnut arrowroot). Deciduous, woody-stemmed, Has oval, hairy, silver-spotted, mid-green
long, are borne in succession on tops of twining climber with hairy stems. H to 15ft leaves. In early and mid-spring, heads
stems. Has oval, semi-rigid, mottled leaves, JUGLANDACEAE (5m), or to 100ft (30m) in the wild. Leaves of tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, clear
4–6in (10–15cm) long. Needs good light in have 3 broadly oval leaflets. In summer blue flowers open from pinkish buds.
summer. H11–6. Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their produces racemes, to 12in (30cm) long, Z5–8 H8–5.
foliage and catkins. Needs full sun and of small, scented, sweet-pea-like, reddish- P. longifolia (Longleaf lungwort). Clump-
PSYLLIOSTACHYS deep, moist but well-drained soil. Remove purple flowers, followed by long, slender, forming, deciduous perennial. H 12in
suckers regularly. Propagate by softwood hairy pods, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) long. In cold (30cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears very narrowly
Statice cuttings in summer, by suckers in fall or by areas is best grown as an annual. Z7–9 lance-shaped, dark green leaves spotted
seed, when ripe, in fall. H9–3. with silvery-white. Heads of tubular,
PLUMBAGINACEAE P. fraxinifolia (Caucasian wingnut). P. montana var. lobata. See P. lobata. 5-lobed, borage-like, vivid blue flowers are
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m), P. thunbergiana. See P. lobata. produced in late spring. Z3–8 H8–4.
Genus of annuals, perennials and S 70ft (20m). Large, ashlike, glossy, dark ‘Bertram Anderson’ has long leaves
evergreen subshrubs, grown for cut green leaves turn yellow in fall. Long, green PULMONARIA especially well spotted with silver and
flowers and for drying. Is suitable for catkins are borne in summer, the females bears brighter blue flowers.
coastal areas. Grow in sun and fertile, well- developing winged, green then brown Lungwort P. ‘Margery Fish’, illus. p.261.
drained soil. If required for drying, cut fruits. Z6–9 H9–6. Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.
flowers before they are fully open. Cut P. x rehderiana, illus. p.65. BORAGINACEAE H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm). Has narrowly
down dead stems of perennials in fall. P. stenoptera (Chinese wingnut). lance-shaped, hairy, mid-green leaves
Propagate by seed sown under glass in Deciduous, spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), Genus of mainly spring-flowering marked heavily with silver. In early spring,
early spring, perennials and subshrubs also S 50ft (15m). Ashlike, bright green leaves, perennials, some of which are heads of tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, pink
by softwood cuttings in spring. Botrytis with winged stalk, turn yellow in fall. semievergreen with small, overwintering flowers gradually turn to blue as they age.
and powdery mildew may be troublesome. Produces long, green catkins in summer; rosettes of leaves. Prefers full or partial Z6–8 H8–6.
P. suworowii, syn. Limonium suworowii, females develop winged, pink-tinged, shade and moist but well-drained soil. P. ‘Mary Mottram’, illus. p.261.
Statice suworowii. Fairly slow-growing, green fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. Propagate by division in spring or fall. Vigorous, semievergreen, clump-forming
erect, branching annual. H 18in (45cm), P. angustifolia (Blue cowslip, Blue perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 20in (50cm).
S 12in (30cm). Has lance-shaped leaves. PTEROCELTIS lungwort). Clump-forming, usually Has oval, hairy leaves marked heavily
Bears branching spikes of small, tubular, deciduous perennial. H 9in (23cm), with silver with narrow, green margin.
pink to purple flowers in summer and early ULMACEAE S 8–12in (20–30cm) or more. Has lance- In early spring bears heads of large,
fall. H12–6. shaped, unspotted, mid-green leaves, tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, pink and
Genus of one species of deciduous tree, 16in (40cm) long. In early spring violet flowers.
PTELEA with inconspicuous flowers in summer, produces heads of tubular, 5-lobed, P. ‘Mawson’s Blue’, illus. p.261.
grown for its foliage and fruits. Needs full borage-like, sometimes pink-tinged, Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.
RUTACEAE sun and well-drained soil. Does best in hot deep blue flowers. Z2–7 H8–1. ‘Azurea’, H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 20in (50cm). Has
summers. Propagate by seed in fall. H and S 12in (30cm), has dark green oval, hairy, mid-green leaves, bronze tinged
Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, P. tatarinowii. Deciduous, spreading tree leaves and produces pinkish buds that when young. In early spring, heads of
grown for their foliage and fruits. Needs with arching branches. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft open to rich gentian-blue flowers. tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, azure-blue
sun and fertile soil. Propagate species by (10m). Has peeling, gray bark and oval, P. ‘Beth’s Pink’. Semievergreen, clump- flowers are often produced before leaves
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed dark green leaves, to 4in (10cm) long, forming perennial. H 10in (25cm), S 20in fully develop. Z5–8 H8–5.
in fall, selected forms by softwood with toothed margins. In fall bears small, (50cm). Has oval to lance-shaped, hairy, P. officinalis ‘Sissinghurst White’, syn.
cuttings only in summer. spherical, green fruits, with broad, dark green leaves spotted with silvery- P. saccharata ‘Sissinghurst White’, illus.
P. trifoliata (Hop tree, Stinking ash). circular wing. white. In early and mid-spring bears heads p.254.
Deciduous, bushy, spreading tree or shrub. of tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, purplish- P. OPAL (‘Ocupol’), illus. p.261.
H and S 22ft (7m). Produces aromatic, dark PTEROCEPHALUS pink flowers. Z5–8 H8–5. Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.
green leaves divided into 3 narrowly oval P. ‘Blue Ensign’. Semievergreen, clump- H 10in (25cm), S 20in (50cm). Has oval,
leaflets. Clusters of small, star-shaped, DIPSACACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE forming perennial. H 10in (25cm), S 20in hairy, silver-spotted, mid-green leaves. In
green flowers, from early to mid-summer, (50cm). Has broadly oval, hairy, dark green spring, heads of tubular, 5-lobed, borage-
are followed by clusters of winged, pale Genus of compact, summer-flowering leaves. In early and mid-spring produces like, glowing, pale blue flowers open from
green fruits. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Aurea’, illus. annuals, perennials and semievergreen heads of tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, rich pink buds.
p.138. subshrubs, grown for their scabious-like blue flowers. Z5–8 H8–5. P. rubra (Red lungwort), illus. p.261.
flower heads and feathery seed heads. Is P. ‘Cotton Cool’. Semievergreen, clump- Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.
PTERIS useful for rock gardens. Requires sun and forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 20in H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Has oval,
well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood (50cm). Has narrowly elliptic, hairy, dark velvety, mid-green leaves. Heads of tubular,
Brake, Table fern or semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed green leaves marked almost entirely with
in fall. Self-seeds moderately. silver. In early and mid-spring bears heads
PTERIDACEAE/ADIANTACEAE P. parnassi. See P. perennis. of tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, pink and
P. perennis, syn. P. parnassi, illus. p.364. blue flowers.
Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen ferns. Needs partial or full shade
and moist, peaty soil. Remove faded fronds

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5-lobed, borage-like, brick-red flowers are which ripen and become edible only in in sun or partial shade and fertile soil. To perennial. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).
borne from late winter to early spring. warm climates. Needs a sheltered, sunny produce a compact habit on a plant grown Produces rounded, leathery, glossy, mid-
Z5–8 H8–3. ‘David Ward’ (illus. p.261) has position and well-drained soil. Propagate against a wall, train and cut back long green leaves and, in late spring and
narrow, white-edged, soft green leaves and by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings shoots after flowering. Propagate by early summer, sprays of fragrant, white
pale red flowers. Needs a sheltered spot. in summer. semiripe cuttings in summer. Is susceptible flowers that resemble lily-of-the-valley.
P. saccharata (Bethlehem sage). P. granatum (Pomegranate). Deciduous, Z5–8 H8–5.
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. rounded shrub or tree. H and S 6–25ft to scab and fireblight. T The seeds may
H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Long, elliptic (2–8m). Has narrowly oblong leaves and, in PYROSTEGIA
leaves are variably spotted with creamy- summer, funnel-shaped, bright red flowers, cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
white. In spring bears funnel-shaped with crumpled petals. Fruits are spherical P. angustifolia. Evergreen, bushy, dense BIGNONIACEAE
flowers, opening pink and turning to blue. and deep yellow to orange. May be grown shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has narrowly
Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Leopard’ has silver-spotted, in a southern or eastern aspect, either free- oblong leaves, dark green above, gray Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
dark green leaves and reddish-pink flowers standing or, in frost-prone climates, against beneath. Bears clusters of small, 5-petaled, tendril climbers, grown for their flowers.
that fade to lilac. ‘Mrs. Moon’ bears a wall. Z7–10 H12–1. var. nana, illus. p.340. white flowers in early summer, followed by Needs full light and fertile, well-drained
leaves spotted liberally with silver and spherical, orange-yellow fruits in fall. Z4–8 soil. Water regularly, less in winter. Provide
heads of pinkish-mauve flowers. PUSCHKINIA H12–1. support. Thin stems after flowering.
‘Sissinghurst White’. See P. officinalis P. atalantioides. Vigorous, evergreen Propagate by semiripe cuttings or layering
‘Sissinghurst White’. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE shrub, part upright, part arching. H 15ft in summer.
P. ‘Weetwood Blue’. Usually (5m), S 12ft (4m). Oblong leaves are glossy P. ignea. See P. venusta.
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. Genus of dwarf, Scilla-like bulbs, grown for and dark green. Large clusters of small, P. venusta, syn. P. ignea, illus. p.464.
H 8in (20cm), S 20in (50cm). Has lance- their early spring flowers. Needs sun or 5-petaled, white flowers, in early summer,
shaped, hairy, green leaves occasionally partial shade and rich soil that has grit or are followed by spherical, red fruits in early PYRUS
spotted with white. In spring bears heads sand added to ensure good drainage. Plant fall. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Aurea’, illus. p.118.
of tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, clear blue in fall. Dies down in summer. Propagate by P. coccinea (Scarlet firethorn). Evergreen, Pear
flowers that darken as they age. offsets in late summer or by seed in fall. dense, bushy shrub. H and S 12ft (4m).
P. libanotica. See P. scilloides var. Dense clusters of small, 5-petaled, white ROSACEAE
PULSATILLA libanotica. flowers are produced amid oval, dark
P. scilloides var. libanotica, syn. green leaves in early summer and are Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering trees,
RANUNCULACEAE P. libanotica, illus. p.421. var. libanotica followed by spherical, bright red fruits. grown for their habit, foliage, flowers and
‘Alba’, illus. p.415. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Lalandei’ has larger leaves edible fruits (pears). Prefers full sun and
Genus of perennials, some of which are and larger, orange-red fruits. needs well-drained soil. Propagate species
evergreen, grown for their large, feathery PUYA P. ‘Golden Charmer’, illus. p.141. by seed in fall, cultivars by budding in
leaves, upright or pendent, bell- or cup- P. ‘Golden Dome’, illus. p.144. summer or by grafting in winter. Many
shaped flowers, covered in fine hairs, and BROMELIACEAE P. ‘Mohave’, illus. p.209. species are susceptible to fireblight and scab
feathery seed heads. Has fibrous, woody P. ‘Orange Glow’. Evergreen, upright, and, in North America, pear decline.
rootstocks. Leaves increase in size after Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming dense shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Has P. amygdaliformis. Deciduous,
flowering time. Is suitable for large rock perennials and shrubs, grown for their oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. Clusters spreading tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m).
gardens. Needs full sun and rich, well- overall appearance. Requires full light and of small, 5-petaled, white flowers, in early Lance-shaped leaves are gray when young,
drained soil. Resents disturbance to roots. well-drained soil. Water moderately in summer, are followed by spherical, orange maturing to glossy, dark green. Clusters of
Propagate by root cuttings in winter or by growing season, sparingly at other times. fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. 5-petaled, white flowers, in mid-spring, are
Propagate by seed or offsets in spring. P. rogersiana. Evergreen, upright then followed by small, brownish fruits. Z7–9
P seed when fresh. T All parts of the plant P. alpestris. Evergreen perennial with arching shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Leaves H9–7.
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested, sturdy, branched, prostrate stems. H to 6ft are narrowly oblong, glossy and bright P. calleryana (Callery pear). Deciduous,
and, in rare instances, contact with the sap (2m), S 10ft (3m). Linear, tapering, arching, green. Produces clusters of small, broadly conical tree. H and S to 50ft (15m).
may irritate skin. bright green leaves are fleshy, with hooked, 5-petaled, white flowers, in early summer, Oval, glossy, dark green leaves often turn
P. alpina, illus. p.332. subsp. apiifolia, spiny teeth along edges and dense, white followed by spherical, orange-red or yellow red in fall. Bears 5-petaled, white flowers,
syn. P. alpina subsp. sulphurea is a clump- scales beneath. Tubular, deep metallic-blue fruits. Z8–9 H9–8. from mid- to late spring, followed by small,
forming perennial. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S to flowers, aging to purple-red, are borne in P. ‘Waterer’s Orange’. See P. x watereri. brownish fruits. Z5–8 H8–3. ‘Bradford’,
4in (10cm). Has feathery, soft green leaves. stiff, erect panicles in early summer. Z9–15 P. x watereri, syn. P. ‘Waterer’s Orange’, S30ft (10m), is resistant to fireblight.
Bears upright, bell-shaped, soft pale yellow H12–1. illus. p.128. ‘Chanticleer’, illus. p.71.
flowers in spring, followed by feathery, P. chilensis, illus. p.471. Evergreen, P. communis (Common pear). Z5–9 H9–5.
silvery seed heads. subsp. sulphurea. upright perennial with short, woody stem. Pyrethropsis hosmariense. See ‘Beech Hill’ is a deciduous, narrowly
See P. alpina subsp. apiifolia. H and S to 6ft (2m). Stem is crowned by Rhodanthemum hosmariense. conical tree. H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Oval,
P. halleri, illus. p.334. subsp. grandis, dense rosette of linear, tapering, arching, Pyrethrum ‘Brenda’. See Tanacetum glossy, dark green leaves often turn orange
syn. P. vulgaris subsp. grandis is a clump- fleshy, gray-green leaves, with margins of coccineum ‘Brenda’. and red in fall. From mid- to late spring
forming perennial. H and S 6–9in hooked, spiny teeth. Bears tubular, metallic- Pyrethrum coccineum. See Tanacetum bears 5-petaled, white flowers as leaves
(15–23cm). In spring, before feathery, or greenish-yellow flowers, in erect, coccineum. emerge, followed by small, brownish fruits.
light green leaves emerge, bears large, branched panicles, in summer. Z9–11 H11–1. Pyrethrum parthenium. See Tanacetum P. elaeagrifolia. Deciduous, spreading,
upright, shallowly bell-shaped, lavender- parthenium. thorny tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Has lance-
blue flowers, with bright yellow centers. PYCNOSTACHYS Pyrethrum roseum. See Tanacetum shaped, gray-green leaves. Produces loose
Flower stems rapidly elongate as the coccineum. clusters of 5-petaled, creamy-white flowers,
feathery, silvery seed heads mature. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE in mid-spring, followed by small, pear-
P. occidentalis. Clump-forming PYROLA shaped, brownish fruits. Z5–9 H9–5.
perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). In late Genus of bushy perennials, grown for their P. salicifolia (Willow-leaved pear).
spring to early summer, solitary, nodding whorled clusters of flowers. Needs bright Shinleaf, Wintergreen Deciduous, mound-shaped tree with
buds develop into erect, goblet-shaped, light and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate slightly drooping branches. H 15–25ft
white flowers, stained blue-violet at base by stem cuttings in early summer. PYROLACEAE/ERICACEAE (5–8m), S 12ft (4m). White flowers, with
outside and sometimes flushed pink, P. dawei, illus. p.473. 5 petals, are borne as lance-shaped, gray
followed by feathery, silvery seed heads. P. urticifolia. Strong-growing, erect Genus of evergreen, spreading, spring- leaves emerge in mid-spring. Fruits
Bears feathery leaves. Is extremely difficult perennial with square stems. H 3–6ft (1–2m), and summer-flowering perennials. Is are small and brownish. Z5–9 H9–5.
to grow and flower well at low altitudes. S 8–24in (20–60cm). Has oval, toothed, hairy, suitable for light woodlands. Needs partial ‘Pendula’, illus. p.88.
Z5–7 H7–5. mid-green leaves. Bears whorls of small, shade, cool conditions and well-drained,
P. vernalis, illus. p.349. tubular, bright blue flowers, in racemes, in peaty, acidic soil. Resents disturbance.
P. vulgaris, illus. p.334. subsp. grandis. winter. Z13–15 H12–1. Propagate by seed in fall or spring or
See P. halleri subsp. grandis. by division in spring.
PYRACANTHA P. asarifolia. Evergreen, rosette-forming
674 PUNICA perennial. H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 6in (15cm)
Firethorn or more. Has kidney-shaped, leathery,
Pomegranate glossy, light green leaves. Bears tubular,
ROSACEAE pale to deep pink flowers in spring. Z5–8
LYTHRACEAE/PUNICACEAE H8–5.
Genus of evergreen, spiny, summer- P. rotundifolia (Round-leaved
Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering flowering shrubs, grown for their foliage, wintergreen, Wild lily-of-the-valley).
shrubs and trees, grown for their bright flowers and fruits. Requires a sheltered site Creeping, evergreen, rosette-forming
red flowers and yellow to orange-red fruits,

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QR silvery-gray when young and very RAMONDA S 4in (10cm). Produces rounded, toothed, Q
variably shaped, but are most often oval. green leaves and, in summer, short stems R
Quamoclit coccinea. See Ipomoea Thrives on shallow chalk and is excellent GESNERIACEAE bearing 1 or 2 shallowly cup-shaped, white
coccinea. for an exposed, coastal position. Z4–8 flowers just above foliage. May also be
Quamoclit lobata. See Ipomoea lobata. H9–2. Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for propagated by removing a flower stem at
Quamoclit pennata. See Ipomoea Q. imbricaria (Shingle oak). Deciduous, their rosettes of rounded, crinkled, hairy its first joint in summer; rosettes will form
quamoclit. spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). leaves and for their flowers. Is useful for and may then be rooted. Rarely sets seed
Produces long, narrow leaves that are rock gardens and peat walls. Prefers partial in cultivation. Is suitable for an alpine
QUERCUS yellowish when young, dark green in shade and moist soil. Water plants well house or rock garden. Z5–7 H7–5.
summer and yellowish-brown in fall. if they curl in a dry spell. Propagate by R. ficaria, syn. Ficaria verna (Lesser
Oak Z5–8 H8–4. rooting offsets in early summer or by leaf celandine). Z4–8 H8–1. var. albus,
Q. ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis, cuttings or seed in early fall. syn. R. ficaria ‘Albus’ illus. p.349. var.
FAGACEAE syn. Q. aegilops, Q. macrolepis, illus. p.75. R. myconi, syn. R. pyrenaica, illus. p.369. aurantiacus, syn. R. ficaria ‘Aurantiacus’,
Q. laurifolia, illus. p.64. R. nathaliae. Evergreen, basal-rosetted illus. p.359. ‘Brazen Hussy’ is a mat-
Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees Q. x lucombeana ‘William Lucombe’. perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Has small, forming, tuberous perennial. H 2in (5cm),
and shrubs, grown for their habit, foliage See Q. x hispanica ‘Lucombeana’. pale green leaves. In late spring and early S to 8in (20cm). Has heart-shaped, purple-
and, in some deciduous species, fall color. Q. macranthera, illus. p.61. summer bears umbels of small, outward- bronze leaves. Shallowly cup-shaped,
Produces insignificant flowers from late Q. macrocarpa, illus. p.75. facing, flattish, white or lavender flowers, glossy, sulfur-yellow flowers, with bronze
spring to early summer, followed by egg- Q. macrolepis. See Q. ithaburensis with yellow anthers. Z6–7 H7–6. undersides, are produced in early spring.
shaped to rounded, brownish fruits subsp. macrolepis. R. pyrenaica. See R. myconi. Dies down in late spring. May spread
(acorns). Needs sun or partial shade and Q. marilandica, illus. p.75. R. serbica. Evergreen, basal-rosetted rapidly. Is good for a wild garden. var.
deep, well-drained soil; except where Q. mongolica subsp. crispula var. perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Is similar to flore-pleno. See R. ficaria Flore Pleno
stated otherwise, will tolerate limestone. grosseserrata. Deciduous, spreading R. nathaliae, but has cup-shaped, lilac-blue Group. Flore Pleno Group, syn. R. ficaria
Propagate species by seed in fall, selected tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). Has large, flowers and dark violet-blue anthers. May ‘Flore Pleno’, R. ficaria var. flore-pleno, illus.
forms and hybrids by grafting in late oblong, lobed, dark green leaves, with be difficult to grow. Z6–7 H7–6. p.357.
winter. May be affected, though not usually prominent, triangular teeth. R. glacialis. Hummock-forming perennial
seriously, by mildew and various galls, and Q. muehlenbergii, illus. p.62. RANUNCULUS with fibrous roots. H 2–10in (5–25cm),
in North America by oak wilt. Q. myrsinifolia, illus. p.80. S 2in (5cm) or more. Bears rounded, deeply
Q. acutissima (Sawtooth oak). Deciduous, Q. nigra, illus. p.63. Buttercup, Crowfoot lobed, glossy, dark green leaves. In late
round-headed tree. H and S 50ft (15m). Q. palustris, illus. p.66. spring and early summer produces clusters
Has sweet-chestnut-like, glossy, dark green Q. petraea (Durmast oak). Deciduous, RANUNCULACEAE of shallowly cup-shaped, white or pink
leaves, edged with bristle-tipped teeth, spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), S 80ft (25m). flowers. Is very difficult to grow at low
that last until late in year. Z5–8 H8–3. Has oblong, lobed, leathery, dark green Genus of annuals, aquatics and perennials, altitudes. Is suitable for a scree or alpine
Q. aegilops. See Q. ithaburensis subsp. leaves, with yellow stalks. Z5–8 H8–5. some of which are evergreen or house. Prefers rich, moist, acid soil that is
macrolepis. ‘Columna’, illus. p.63. semievergreen, grown mainly for their drier in winter. Slugs may be troublesome.
Q. agrifolia, illus. p.80. Q. phellos, illus. p.67. flowers. Many species grow from a Z3–5 H5–1.
Q. alba, illus. p.66. Q. pontica (Armenian oak). Deciduous, thickened rootstock or a cluster of tubers. R. gouanii ‘Plenus’. See R.
Q. aliena (Oriental white oak). Deciduous, sometimes shrubby tree with upright, Some are invasive. Aquatic species are constantinopolitanus ‘Plenus’.
spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), S 40ft (12m). sturdy branches and broadly oval head. seldom cultivated. Needs sun or partial R. gramineus, illus. p.345.
Has large, oblong, prominently toothed, H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Large, oval, shade and moist but well-drained soil. R. lingua, illus. p.444. ‘Grandiflorus’ is a
glossy, dark green leaves. Z6–9 H9–6. toothed, glossy, bright green leaves turn Propagate by seed when fresh or by deciduous, perennial, marginal water plant.
Q. alnifolia (Golden oak of Cyprus). yellow in fall. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Has sturdy, pinkish-
Evergreen, spreading tree. H 20ft (6m), Q. robur (English oak, Pedunculate oak). division in spring or fall. T Contact with green stems, lance-shaped, glaucous leaves
S 15ft (5m). Rounded, leathery leaves are Deciduous, spreading, rugged tree. and, in late spring, racemes of large,
glossy, dark green above, with mustard- H and S 80ft (25m). Bears oblong, wavy, the sap may irritate skin. saucer-shaped, yellow flowers. Z4–9 H9–1.
yellow or greenish-yellow felt beneath. lobed, dark green leaves. Z5–8 H8–3. R. aconitifolius, illus. p.223. ‘Flore R. lyallii (Giant buttercup, Mount Cook
Q. canariensis, illus. p.62. ‘Concordia’, H 30ft (10m), is slow-growing Pleno’, illus. p.230. lily). Evergreen, sturdy, upright, tufted
Q. castaneifolia, illus. p.64. and has golden-yellow, young leaves that R. acris (Tall buttercup). ‘Flore Pleno’, perennial. H and S 12in (30cm) or more.
Q. cerris (Turkey oak). Fast-growing, become yellowish-green in mid-summer. illus. p.276. Has rounded, leathery, dark green leaves.
deciduous, spreading tree of stately f. fastigiata, illus. p.62. R. alpestris, illus. p.349. In summer bears panicles of large,
habit. H 100ft (30m), S 80ft (25m). Oblong, Q. rubra, illus. p.65. ‘Aurea’, illus. p.72. R. amplexicaulis. Upright perennial. shallowly cup-shaped, white flowers. Is
glossy, dark green leaves are deeply Q. suber (Cork oak), illus. p.78. Evergreen, H 10in (25cm), S 4in (10cm). Has narrowly very difficult to flower in hot, dry climates.
lobed. Thrives on shallow, chalky soil. round-headed tree. H and S 70ft (20m). oval, blue-gray leaves. In early summer Is suitable for an alpine house. Rarely sets
Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Argenteovariegata’, Has thick, corky bark. Oval, leathery leaves produces clusters of shallowly cup-shaped, seed in cultivation. Z4–9 H9–1.
illus. p.73. are glossy, dark green above and grayish white flowers, with yellow anthers. Needs R. montanus ‘Molten Gold’. Clump-
Q. coccifera (Kermes oak). Evergreen, beneath. Z7–9 H9–7. rich soil. Z4–8 H8–1. forming, compact perennial. H 6in (15cm),
bushy, compact tree or shrub. H and S 15ft Q. x turneri, illus. p.68. R. aquatilis (Water crowfoot). Aquatic S 4in (10cm). Leaves are rounded and
(5m). Holly-like leaves are glossy, dark green Q. velutina (Black oak). Fast-growing, annual or usually evergreen perennial. 3-lobed. Flower stems produce solitary,
and rigid, with spiny margins. Z7–9 H9–7. deciduous, spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), H 1/2in (1cm), S indefinite. Submerged, shallowly cup-shaped, shiny, bright golden-
Q. coccinea, illus. p.65. ‘Splendens’ is a S 80ft (25m). Large, oblong, lobed, glossy, branched, slender stems bear dark green yellow flower in early summer. Is useful
deciduous, round-headed tree. H 70ft (20m), dark green leaves turn reddish-brown in leaves, with many threadlike segments; for a sunny rock garden. Z5–8 H8–5.
S 50ft (15m). Oblong, glossy, mid-green fall. Z4–8 H8–1. floating leaves are kidney-shaped to R. speciosus ‘Plenus’. See R.
leaves, with deep, toothlike lobes, turn rounded, deeply divided into 3–7 lobes. constantinopolitanus ‘Plenus’.
deep scarlet in fall. Prefers acidic soil. QUISQUALIS In mid-summer produces solitary, bowl-
Z5–9 H9–5. or saucer-shaped, white-based, yellow RANZANIA 675
Q. dentata (Daimyo oak). Deciduous, COMBRETACEAE flowers, on water surface. Z5–8 H8–5.
spreading, sturdy-branched tree of rugged R. asiaticus, illus. p.410. var. flavus, BERBERIDACEAE
habit. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). Has oval, Genus of evergreen or deciduous, scandent illus. p.412.
lobed, dark green leaves, 12in (30cm) or shrubs and twining climbers, grown for R. bulbosus ‘Speciosus Plenus’ of Genus of one species of perennial, grown
more long. Prefers acidic soil. Z6–8 H8–6. their flowers. Needs full light or partial gardens. See R. constantinopolitanus for its unusual appearance as well as its
Q. ellipsoidalis, illus. p.65. shade and rich, moist but well-drained soil. ‘Plenus’. flowers. Is ideal for woodland gardens.
Q. frainetto, illus. p.64. Water freely when in full growth, less in R. bullatus. Clump-forming perennial Prefers full or partial shade and rich, moist
Q. garryana, illus. p.74. cold weather. Stems need support. Thin with thick, fibrous roots. H 2–3in (5–8cm), soil. Propagate by division in spring or by
Q. x heterophylla, illus. p.77. out crowded growth in spring. Propagate S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has fragrant, shallowly seed in fall.
Q. x hispanica ‘Lucombeana’, syn. Q. by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers in fall. R. japonica. Upright perennial. H 18in
x lucombeana ‘William Lucombe’, illus. p.68. in summer. Oblong to oval, puckered, dark green leaves (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces 3-parted,
Q. ilex (Holly oak, Holm oak). Evergreen, Q. indica, syn. Combretum indicum, have sharply toothed tips. Is suitable for an fresh green leaves and, in early summer,
round-headed tree. H 80ft (25m), S 70ft illus. p.462. alpine house or rock garden. Z7–9 H9–7. small clusters of nodding, shallowly cup-
(20m). Glossy, dark green leaves are R. calandrinioides, illus. p.346. shaped, pale mauve flowers. Z4–8 H8–1.
R. constantinopolitanus ‘Plenus’, syn.
R. bulbosus ‘Speciosus Plenus’, R. gouanii
‘Plenus’, R. speciosus ‘Plenus’, illus. p.275.
R. crenatus. Semievergreen, rosetted
perennial with thick, fibrous roots. H and

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RAOULIA R. muscula. See R. fiebrigii. in late spring. Red spider mite may cause Clusters of fragrant, star-shaped, pink-
R. neocumingii, syn. Weingartia problems. flushed, white flowers are borne in spring
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE neocumingii. Spherical, perennial cactus. R. indica, syn. R. trigyna, illus. p.459. or early summer amid narrowly lance-
H and S 4in (10cm). Stem is tuberculate R. trigyna. See R. indica. shaped, glossy, dark green leaves. Z8–11
Genus of evergreen, mat-forming and green. Areoles bear dense clusters H9–3.
perennials, grown for their foliage. Some of yellow spines, some thicker than others, RESEDA R. japonica. See R. umbellata.
species are suitable for alpine houses, and cup-shaped, dark yellow flowers in R. ovata. See R. umbellata.
others for rock gardens. Needs sun or spring. Z12–15 H12–10. Mignonette R. umbellata, syn. R. japonica, R. ovata,
partial shade and moist but well-drained, R. pygmaea, syn. Lobivia pygmaea. illus. p.150.
gritty, peaty soil. Propagate by seed when Clump-forming, columnar, perennial RESEDACEAE
fresh or by division in spring. cactus. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm). Very RHAPIS
R. australis, illus. p.376. short, comb-like spines are pressed against Genus of annuals and biennials, grown for
R. eximia (Vegetable sheep). Evergreen, gray- to purple-green stem. Trumpet- their flowers, which attract bees and are Lady palm
cushion-forming perennial. H 1in (2.5cm), shaped, pink to salmon or rose-purple suitable for cutting. Needs sun and fertile,
S 2in (5cm). Has oblong to oval, flowers are borne in spring. Prefers a well-drained soil. Deadhead regularly PALMAE/ARECACEAE
overlapping, woolly, gray leaves. In late sunny position. Z12–15 H12–10. to ensure a prolonged flowering period.
spring-summer bears small, rounded R. rauschii. See R. steinmannii. Propagate by seed in spring or early fall. Genus of evergreen fan palms, grown for
heads of yellowish-white flowers. Is R. senilis. See R. minuscula. R. odorata, illus. p.300. their foliage and overall appearance. May
suitable for an alpine house. Prefers R. spegazziniana. See R. deminuta. have tiny, yellow flowers in summer. Needs
partial shade. Z7–8 H8–7. R. steinbachii subsp. tiraquensis, RETAMA partial shade and rich, well-drained soil.
R. haastii, illus. p.376. syn. R. tiraquensis, Sulcorebutia tiraquensis, Water container specimens freely when
R. hookeri var. albosericea, illus. p.374. illus. p.487. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE in growth, moderately at other times.
R. leontopodium. See Leucogenes R. steinmannii, syn. R. rauschii, Propagate by seed, suckers or division in
leontopodium. Sulcorebutia rauschii. Flattened spherical, Genus of deciduous shrubs grown for spring. Is susceptible to red spider mite.
perennial cactus. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm). their willowy, dark green or silky gray R. excelsa, syn. R. flabelliformis, illus.
RAVENALA Gray-green stem bears very short, comb- stems and pealike, white or yellow flowers. p.458.
like, golden or black spines. Bears flattish, Needs full sun, sharply drained soil and R. flabelliformis. See R. excelsa.
Traveler’s tree deep purple flowers in spring. Grows a sheltered site against a south- or west-
better when grafted. facing wall. Propagate from seed in a cold Rhazya orientalis. See Amsonia
STRELITZIACEAE R. tiraquensis. See R. steinbachii subsp. frame or under glass or by semiripe orientalis.
tiraquensis. cuttings in summer.
Genus of one species of evergreen, R. violaciflora. See R. minuscula. R. monosperma, syn. Genista RHEUM
palm-like tree, grown for its foliage and monosperma. Deciduous, almost leafless,
overall appearance. Is related to Strelitzia. REHDERODENDRON graceful, arching shrub. H to 12ft (4m), Rhubarb
Requires full light and rich, well-drained S 5ft (1.5m). Slender, silky-gray shoots
soil. Water container specimens freely STYRACACEAE bear clusters of small, very fragrant, white POLYGONACEAE
in summer, less in winter or when flowers in early spring. Has a few linear
temperatures are low. Propagate by Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering leaves, which soon fall. Grow against a Genus of perennials, grown for their
seed in spring. Red spider mite may trees, grown for their flowers and fruits. south- or west-facing wall. Z9–10 H10–1. foliage and overall appearance. Includes
be troublesome. Needs sun or partial shade, some shelter the edible rhubarb and various ornamental
and fertile, moist but well-drained, acid RHAMNUS plants. Some species are extremely large
Q R. madagascariensis. Evergreen, soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in and require plenty of space. Prefers sun or
upright, fan-shaped tree. H and S to 30ft summer or by seed in fall. RHAMNACEAE partial shade and deep, rich, well-drained
R. macrocarpum. Deciduous, spreading soil. Propagate by division in spring or by
R (10m). Has banana-like, long-stalked leaves, tree. H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Young shoots Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
10–20ft (3–6m) long, with expanded stalk are red. Pendent clusters of lemon-scented, and trees, with inconspicuous flowers, seed in fall. T Leaves may cause severe
bases. Groups of boat-shaped spathes, with cup-shaped, pink-tinged, white flowers are grown mainly for their foliage and fruits.
6-parted, white flowers, are produced from borne amid oblong, taper-pointed, red- Requires sun or partial shade and fertile discomfort if ingested.
leaf axils in summer. Z11 H12–1. stalked, glossy, dark green leaves in late soil. Propagate deciduous species by seed R. nobile. Clump-forming perennial.
spring. Bears cylindrical, woody, red then in fall, evergreen species by semiripe H 5ft (15m), S 3ft (1m). Has oblong to oval,
676 REBUTIA brown fruits in fall. Z8–10 H10–8. leathery, basal, mid-green leaves, 2ft (60cm)
cuttings in summer. T All parts may long. In late summer produces long stems
CACTACEAE REHMANNIA and conical spikes of large, overlapping,
cause severe discomfort if ingested. pale cream bracts that hide insignificant
Genus of mostly clump-forming, spherical SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE R. alaternus (Italian buckthorn). Z7–9 flowers. Z6–9 H9–6.
to columnar, perennial cacti, grown for H9–7. ‘Argenteovariegata’ is an R. palmatum (Chinese rhubarb). Clump-
their flowers, which are produced in Genus of spring- and summer-flowering evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). forming perennial. H and S 6ft (2m). Has
profusion from plant bases, usually 2–3 perennials. Needs sun and well-drained Has oval, leathery, glossy, gray-green rounded, 5-lobed, mid-green leaves, 2–21/2ft
years after raising from seed. Much-ribbed, soil. Propagate by seed in fall or spring leaves margined creamy-white. Tiny, (60–75cm) long. In early summer produces
tuberculate, green stems have short spines. or by root cuttings in winter. yellowish-green flowers, produced from broad panicles of small, creamy-white
A few species are sometimes included in R. angulata of gardens. See R. elata. early to mid-summer, are followed by flowers. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Atrosanguineum’,
Aylostera. Requires sun or partial shade R. elata, syn. R. angulata of gardens, illus. spherical, red then black fruits. illus. p.439.
and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed p.234. R. imeretina. Deciduous, spreading,
in spring or summer. R. glutinosa. Rosette-forming perennial. open shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri. See Hatiora
R. arenacea, syn. Sulcorebutia arenacea, H 12in (30cm), S 10in (25cm). Bears tubular, Sturdy shoots bear large, broadly oblong, gaertneri.
illus. p.496. purple-veined, pink, red-brown or yellow prominently veined, dark green leaves that Rhipsalidopsis rosea. See Hatiora rosea.
R. aureiflora. See R. einsteinii subsp. flowers, on leafy shoots in late spring and turn bronze-purple in fall. Small, green
aureiflora. early summer. Has lance-shaped to oval, flowers are borne in summer. Z6–8 H8–6. RHIPSALIS
R. ‘Carnival’, illus. p.483. toothed, hairy, light green leaves. Z9–11
R. deminuta, syn. R. spegazziniana, illus. H12–9. RHAPHIOLEPIS CACTACEAE
p.486.
R. einsteinii subsp. aureiflora, syn. REINWARDTIA ROSACEAE Genus of epiphytic, perennial cacti with
R. aureiflora. Clump-forming, perennial usually pendent, variously formed stems.
cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Dark LINACEAE Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for Flowers are followed by spherical,
green stem, often tinged violet-red, has their flowers and foliage. In most areas, translucent berries. Needs partial shade
stiff, radial spines and longer, soft, central Genus of evergreen subshrubs, grown for does best against a sheltered wall. Needs and rich, well-drained soil. Prefers 80%
spines. Bears masses of yellow, violet or their flowers. Needs full light or partial sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate relative humidity—higher than for most
red flowers in late spring. shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Water by semiripe cuttings in late summer. cacti. Give only occasional, very light
R. fiebrigii, syn. R. muscula, illus. p.496. freely when in growth, moderately at other R. x delacourii ‘Coates’ Crimson’. watering in winter. Propagate by seed
R. ‘Jenny’, illus. p.484. times. Tip prune young plants to promote Evergreen, rounded shrub. H 6ft (2m), or stem cuttings in spring or summer.
R. krainziana. See R. minuscula. branching; cut back hard after flowering. S 8ft (2.5m). Clusters of fragrant, star- R. capilliformis. See R. teres.
R. marsoneri. See R. minuscula. Propagate by softwood cuttings annually shaped, deep pink flowers, produced in R. cereuscula, illus. p.483.
R. minuscula, syn. R. krainziana, spring or summer, are set off by oval, R. clavata. See R. gaertneri.
R. marsoneri, R. senilis, R. violaciflora, leathery, dark green leaves. Z8–10 H10–8. R. crispata. Bushy, then pendent,
illus. p.486. R. indica (Indian hawthorn). Evergreen, perennial cactus. H 3ft (1m), S indefinite.
bushy shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has leaflike, elliptic to oblong, pale green
stem segments with undulating edges that

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produce short, funnel-shaped, cream or flowers have prominent stamens, and may inside the other). Unless otherwise stated 12ft (4m). In late spring bears huge, conical Q
pale yellow flowers, to 1/2in (1cm) across, be unisexual or bisexual. Needs full sun and below, flowers are single and leaves mid- bunches of scented, funnel-shaped, R
with recurved tips, in winter–spring, moderately fertile soil. Propagate by seed to dark green and oval. crimson-spotted, white flowers. Z7–9 H9–7.
followed by white berries. Z13–15 H12–10. in spring or fall, by division of rhizomes in R. ‘Beefeater’. Evergreen, bushy 677
R. floccosa, illus. p.493. spring or early summer or by leaf cuttings R. aberconwayi. Evergreen, distinctly rhododendron. H and S to 8ft (2.5m).
R. gaertneri, syn. R. clavata, Hatiora in summer. erect rhododendron. H to 8ft (2.5m), S 4ft Leaves are broadly lance-shaped. Produces
clavata. Pendent, perennial cactus. R. heterodonta, syn. Sedum (1.2m). Has small, broadly lance-shaped, flat-topped bunches of bell-shaped, scarlet
H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Multi-branched, heterodontum, Sedum rosea var. rigid, deep green leaves. Bears saucer- flowers in late spring and early summer.
cylindrical, dark green stems widen heterodontum, illus. p.268. shaped, white flowers in late spring. R. ‘Blaauw’s Pink’, illus. p.125.
towards tips. Masses of terminal, bell- R. rosea, syn. Sedum rosea (Roseroot). R. albrechtii. Deciduous, upright, bushy Evergreen, compact azalea. H and S 5ft
shaped, white flowers, 5/8in (1.5cm) wide, Clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in azalea. H to 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has (1.5m). Bears masses of funnel-shaped,
are produced in late winter and early (30cm). Stems are clothed with oval to spoon-shaped leaves, clustered at branch salmon-pink flowers, with paler blush,
spring on plants more than 1ft (30cm) high. inversely lance-shaped, toothed, fleshy, tips, and, in spring, loose clusters of 3–5 in late spring.
R. paradoxa (Chain cactus). Bushy, then glaucous leaves. In late spring or early bell-shaped, green-spotted, purple or pink R. ‘Blue Danube’, illus. p.125. Evergreen,
pendent, perennial cactus. H 3ft (1m), summer, pink buds on dense, terminal flowers. Z6–8 H8–6. upright azalea. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m).
S indefinite. Triangular, green stems have heads open to small, star-shaped, R. ‘Alison Johnstone’. Evergreen, bushy, Produces bell-shaped, vivid violet-blue
segments alternately set at different angles. greenish-, yellowish- or purplish-white compact rhododendron. H and S 6ft (2m). flowers in spring. Z6–9 H9–6.
Short, funnel-shaped, white flowers, flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. Produces masses of bell-shaped, peach- R. ‘Blue Diamond’. Evergreen, upright
3/4in (2cm) across, with recurved tips, in pink flowers in spring. Has waxy, gray- rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Small,
winter–spring, are followed by red berries. Rhodocactus grandifolius. See green leaves. Z7–9 H9–7. neat leaves contrast with funnel-shaped,
Z13–15 H12–10. Pereskia grandifolia. R. ‘Angelo’. Evergreen, bushy bright blue flowers borne in mid- to late
R. salicornioides. See Hatiora rhododendron. H and S to 12ft (4m). spring. Prefers full sun. Z6–9 H9–1.
salicornioides. RHODOCHITON Has bold foliage and large, fragrant, bell- R. ‘Blue Peter’. Evergreen, bushy
R. teres, syn. R. capilliformis. Pendent, shaped, white flowers in mid-summer. rhododendron. H and S to 12ft (4m). In
perennial cactus. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE Is good in light woodland. Z7–9 H9–7. early summer produces bold, open funnel-
Has freely branching, cylindrical, green R. arboreum (Tree rhododendron), illus. shaped, 2-tone lavender-purple flowers,
stems and, in winter–spring, short, funnel- Genus of one species of evergreen, leaf- p.125. Evergreen, treelike rhododendron. with frilled petal margins. Z6–9 H9–6.
shaped, white flowers, to 1/2in (1cm) wide, stalk climber, grown for its unusual H to 40ft (12m), S 10ft (3m). Undersides R. calendulaceum (Flame azalea).
with recurved tips, followed by white flowers. Does best when grown as an of broadly lance-shaped leaves are silver, Deciduous, bushy azalea. H and S 6–10ft
berries. annual. May be planted against a fence or fawn or cinnamon. In spring has dense (2–3m). In early summer bears funnel-
R. warmingiana. See Lepismium trellis or be used as groundcover. Needs clusters of bell-shaped flowers in colors shaped, scarlet or orange flowers in
warmingianum. sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by ranging from red (most tender form) bunches of 5–7. Z5–8 H9–4.
seed in early spring. through pink to white. Z7–9 H9–7. R. calophytum, illus. p.124. Evergreen,
RHODANTHE R. atrosanguineus, syn. R. volubilis, illus. R. argyrophyllum. Evergreen, spreading widely-branched rhododendron. H and S 
p.203. rhododendron. H and S to 15ft (5m). to 20ft (6m). Produces large, lance-shaped
SYN. ACROCLINIUM R. volubilis. See R. atrosanguineus. Oblong leaves are silvery-white on leaves and, in early spring, huge bunches
Strawflower undersides. Loose bunches of bell-shaped, of bell-shaped, white or pale pink flowers,
RHODODENDRON rich pink flowers, sometimes with deeper with crimson spots. Z6–9 H9–6.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE colored spots, are borne in spring. Is ideal R. calostrotum. Evergreen, compact
ERICACEAE in light woodland. Z7–9 H9–7. rhododendron. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has
Genus of drought-tolerant annuals, R. arizelum. See R. rex subsp. arizelum. blue-green leaves and, in late spring,
perennials and subshrubs, grown for their Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or R. ‘Ascot Brilliant’. Evergreen, bushy saucer-shaped, purple or scarlet flowers
daisylike, papery flower heads, which are deciduous shrubs, ranging from a dwarf rhododendron. H and S 10ft (3m). Leaves in clusters of 2–5. Z7–9 H9–7.
excellent for cutting and drying. Needs sun habit to a treelike stature, grown mainly are broadly oval. In spring produces loose R. ‘Catawbiense Album’. Evergreen,
and poor, very well-drained soil. Propagate for beauty of flower. Most prefer dappled bunches of funnel-shaped, waxy, rose-red rounded rhododendron. H and S to 10ft
by seed in mid-spring. Aphids may cause shade, but a considerable number tolerates flowers, with darker edges. Z8–10 H10–7. (3m). Bears glossy leaves and, in early
problems. full sun, especially in cool climates. Needs R. augustinii, illus. p.125. Evergreen, summer, dense, rounded bunches of bell-
R. chlorocephala subsp. rosea, syn. neutral to acid soil—ideally, rich and well- bushy rhododendron. H and S to 12ft (4m). shaped, white flowers. Z4–8 H8–1.
Acroclinium roseum, Helipterum roseum, drained. Shallow planting is essential, as Has lance-shaped to oblong, light green R. ‘Catawbiense Boursault’. Evergreen,
illus. p.303. plants are surface-rooting. Deadhead spent leaves and, in spring, bears masses of rounded rhododendron. H and S to 10ft
R. manglesii, syn. Helipterum manglesii flowers, wherever practical, to encourage multi-stemmed, widely funnel-shaped, (3m). Has glossy leaves. Dense, rounded
(Swan River everlasting). Moderately energy into growth rather than seed pale to deep blue or lavender flowers. bunches of bell-shaped, lilac-purple flowers
fast-growing, erect annual. H 12in (30cm), production. Propagate by layering or Z6–9 H9–6. are borne in early summer. Z4–8 H8–1.
S 6in (15cm). Has pointed, oval, grayish- semiripe cuttings in late summer. Yellowing R. auriculatum. Evergreen, bushy, R. x cilpinense. See R. ‘Cilpinense’.
green leaves and daisylike, papery, red, leaves are usually caused by poor drainage, widely branching rhododendron. H and R. ‘Cilpinense’, syn. R. x cilpinense.
pink or white flower heads, in summer excessively deep planting or lime in soil. S to 20ft (6m). Has large, oblong, hairy Semievergreen, compact rhododendron.
and early fall. Z11 H9–1. Weevils and powdery mildew may also leaves with distinct, earlike lobes at base. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Leaves are dark green
In late summer bears loose bunches of and glossy. Bears masses of large, bell-
RHODANTHEMUM cause problems. T The nectar of some 7–15 large, heavily scented, tubular to shaped, blush-pink flowers, flushed deeper
funnel-shaped, white flowers. Is best in in bud, in early spring. Flowers are
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE rhododendron flowers may cause severe light woodland. Z6–11 H12–6. vulnerable to frost damage. Z8–9 H9–8.
discomfort if ingested. See also feature R. ‘Azor’. Evergreen, upright R. cinnabarinum, illus. p.125. Evergreen,
Genus of mat-forming, often rhizomatous panel pp.124–125. rhododendron. H and S to 12ft (4m). Leaves upright rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft
perennials and subshrubs, grown for are broadly oval. Produces large, fragrant, (1.5–4m). Has blue-green leaves with small
their solitary, large, daisylike, white Rhododendrons and azaleas funnel-shaped, salmon-pink flowers in mid- scales. Narrowly tubular, waxy, orange to
flower heads, surrounded by prominent, The genus Rhododendron includes not summer. red flowers are borne in loose, drooping
usually green bracts. Needs full sun and only evergreen, large-leaved and frequently R. ‘Azuma-kagami’. Evergreen, compact bunches in late spring. Z8–9 H9–8. subsp.
moderately fertile, very well-drained soil. large-flowered species and hybrids, but azalea. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Bears many xanthocodon, syn. R. xanthocodon has
Propagate by seed in spring or by also dwarf, smaller-leaved shrubs, both small, hose-in-hose, deep pink flowers in aromatic, mid-green leaves, which are
softwood cuttings in summer. evergreen and deciduous, with few- mid-spring. Is best in partial shade. Z7–9 blue-green when young, and yellow
R. hosmariense, syn. Chrysanthemum flowered clusters of usually small blooms. H9–7. flowers in late spring.
hosmariense, Pyrethropsis hosmariense, “Azalea” is the common name given to the R. barbatum. Evergreen, upright R. ‘Coccineum Speciosum’. Deciduous,
illus. p.332. deciduous species and hybrids, as well as rhododendron. H and S to 30ft (10m). Has bushy azalea. H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m).
to a group of compact, evergreen shrubs lance-shaped, dark green leaves covered Produces open funnel-shaped, brilliant
RHODIOLA derived mainly from Japanese species. with bristles, on stems; bark is plum- rich orange-red flowers in early summer.
They are valued for their mass of small colored and peeling. Bears tight bunches Broadly lance-shaped, dark green leaves
CRASSULACEAE colorful blooms produced in late spring. of tubular to bell-shaped, bright scarlet turn yellow or orange in fall Z9–10 H10–9.
Many of the evergreen azaleas (sometimes flowers in early spring. R. ‘Corneille’. Deciduous, bushy azalea.
Genus of perennials, some dioecious, with known as Belgian azaleas) may also R. ‘Beauty of Littleworth’. Evergreen, H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). In early summer
thick, fleshy rhizomes producing scaly, be grown as houseplants. Botanically, open, shrubby rhododendron. H and S 
brown basal leaves and stiffly erect stems however, all are classified as
that bear triangular-oval to lance-shaped, Rhododendron. The flowers are usually
fleshy, gray-green leaves. Star-shaped single, but may be semidouble or double,
including hose-in-hose (one flower tube

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Q produces fragrant, honeysuckle-like, cream R. ‘Dora Amateis’. Evergreen, compact R. ‘George Reynolds’. Deciduous, R. ‘Homebush’. Deciduous, compact
R flowers, flushed pink outside. Has colorful rhododendron. H and S 2ft (60cm). Leaves bushy azalea. H and S to 6ft (2m). Large, azalea. H and S 5ft (1.5m). In late spring
fall foliage. Z5–8 H8–5. are slender, glossy and pointed. Masses funnel-shaped, yellow flowers, flushed pink bears tight, rounded heads of trumpet-
678 R. ‘Crest’, syn. R. ‘Hawk Crest’. Evergreen of broadly funnel-shaped, white flowers, in bud, are borne with or before leaves in shaped, semidouble, rose-purple flowers,
rhododendron of open habit. H and tinged with pink and marked with green, spring. Z5–8 H8–5. with paler shading. Z5–8 H8–5.
S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). Has broadly lance-shaped are borne in late spring. Is sun tolerant. R. ‘Gibraltar’, illus. p.125. Deciduous, R. ‘Hotei’, illus. p.125. Evergreen,
leaves. Bell-shaped flowers are borne in Z5–8 H8–1. bushy azalea. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). In compact rhododendron. H and S 5–8ft
loose, flat-topped bunches, and are apricot R. ‘Elizabeth’. Evergreen, dome-shaped spring produces tubular, flame-red flowers, (1.5–2.5m). Large, funnel-shaped, deep
in bud, opening to clear sulfur-yellow in rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). which are deep orange in bud. Z5–8 H8–5. yellow flowers are freely produced in late
late spring. Z7–9 H9–7. Leaves are oblong. Has large, trumpet- R. ‘Gloria Mundi’. Deciduous, twiggy spring. Z7–9 H9–7.
R. cubittii. Evergreen rhododendron now shaped, brilliant red flowers in late spring. azalea. H and S to 6ft (2m). Produces R. ‘Humming Bird’. Evergreen, dome-
included in R. veitchianum. H 5ft (1.5m), Is good in sun and partial shade. Z7–9 fragrant, honeysuckle-like, yellow-flared, shaped rhododendron of neat, compact
S to 3ft (1m). Has purple-brown young H9–7. orange flowers, with frilled margins, in habit. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). From mid-
shoots and oblong to elliptic, leathery, R. ‘Elizabeth Lockhart’. Evergreen, early summer. Z5–8 H8–5. to late spring has bell-shaped, rose-pink
sparsely scaly, mid- to dark green leaves. In dome-shaped rhododendron. H and S 2ft R. ‘Glory of Littleworth’. Evergreen flowers, in loose, nodding bunches, above
mid- and late spring bears funnel-shaped, (60cm). Produces shiny, purple-green or semievergreen, bushy hybrid between rounded, glossy leaves. Z7–9 H9–7.
white to pale pink flowers, with brownish leaves that become darker in winter. Bell- a rhododendron and an azalea. H and R. ‘Hydon Hunter’. Evergreen
or yellow-orange markings. Z8–10 H9–7. shaped, deep pink flowers are borne in S 5ft (1.5m). Compact bunches of fragrant, rhododendron of neat habit. H and
R. ‘Cunningham’s White’. Evergreen, spring. Z7–9 H9–7. bell-shaped, orange-marked, creamy-white S to 5ft (1.5m). In late spring or early
compact rhododendron. H 8ft (2.5m), R. ‘English Roseum’. Vigorous, flowers are borne abundantly in late spring summer has masses of large, narrowly
S 6ft (2m). In spring produces open trusses evergreen, bushy rhododendron. H and and early summer. Is not easy to cultivate. bell-shaped, red-rimmed flowers, paler
of funnel-shaped, pale lilac flowers, which S 8ft ( to 2.5m). Dark green leaves are paler Z7–9 H9–7. towards center and orange-spotted
fade to white, speckled with purple and beneath. Bears compact bunches of funnel- R. ‘Gold Crown’. See R. ‘Goldkrone’. within. Z7–9 H9–7.
yellow. Z6–8 H8–1. shaped, lilac-rose flowers in late spring. R. ‘Golden Torch’, illus. p.124. R. impeditum. Slow-growing, evergreen
R. ‘Curlew’, illus. p.125. Evergreen R. ‘Fabia’. Evergreen, dome-shaped Evergreen, compact rhododendron. H and rhododendron. H and S to 2ft (60cm).
rhododendron of compact, spreading rhododendron. H and S 6ft (2m). Leaves are S 3ft (1m). In spring has bell-shaped, pink- Aromatic leaves are gray-green. Funnel-
habit. H and S 1ft (30cm). Produces dull lance-shaped. Loose, flat trusses of funnel- budded, pale yellow flowers. Z7–9 H9–7. shaped, purplish-blue flowers are borne
green leaves and, in late spring, relatively shaped, orange-tinted, scarlet flowers are R. ‘Goldkrone’, syn. R. ‘Gold Crown’, in spring. Is ideal in a rock garden. Z5–8
large, open funnel-shaped, yellow flowers. borne in early summer. Z8–9 H9–8. illus. p.125. Compact, evergreen shrub. H8–1.
Z7–9 H9–7. R. falconeri, illus. p.124. Multi-stemmed, H and S 5ft (1.5m). Funnel- to bell-shaped, R. ‘Irohayama’. Evergreen, compact
R. ‘Cynthia’. Vigorous, evergreen, dome- evergreen rhododendron. H to 40ft (12m), bright golden-yellow flowers, delicately azalea. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Has abundant,
shaped rhododendron. H and S to 20ft (6m). S 15ft (5m). Has flaking, red-brown bark spotted ruby-red inside, are borne in small, funnel-shaped, white flowers, with
Bears conical bunches of bell-shaped, and broadly elliptic to oval, dark green succession in mid-spring. Z6–9 H9–6. pale lavender margins and faint, brown
magenta-purple flowers, marked blackish- leaves, brown-felted beneath. In mid- R. ‘Gomer Waterer’, illus. p.124. eyes, in spring. Does well in partial shade.
red within, in late spring. Thrives in sun spring produces widely bell-shaped, fleshy, Evergreen, compact rhododendron. H and Z7–9 H9–7.
and shade. Z6–9 H9–6. creamy-white or yellow flowers, sometimes S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). Leaves are curved back R. ‘Jalisco’. Deciduous, open, bushy
R. dauricum. Evergreen, upright pink-tinged, often with purple marks at margins. Bell-shaped flowers, borne in rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m).
rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). inside. Z8–9 H9–8. dense bunches in early summer, are white, Bears bunches of narrowly bell-shaped,
Produces funnel-shaped, vivid purple R. ‘Fastuosum Flore Pleno’, illus. p.125. flushed mauve, with mustard, basal blotch. straw-colored flowers, tinted orange-rose
flowers in loose clusters throughout winter. Evergreen, dome-shaped rhododendron. Likes sun and partial shade. Z5–8 H8–1. at tips, in early summer.
Dark green leaves turn purple-brown in H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). In early summer R. ‘Grace Seabrook’, illus. p.125. R. ‘Jeanette’. Semievergreen, upright
frosty conditions. Z4–8 H8–1. bears loose bunches of funnel-shaped, Evergreen, upright rhododendron. H and azalea. H and S 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Has funnel-
R. davidsonianum. Deciduous, upright double, rich mauve flowers, with red- S 6ft (2m). Leaves are pointed. In spring shaped, vivid phlox-pink, dark blotched
rhododendron. H 5–12ft (1.5–4m). Aromatic brown marks and wavy margins. Z5–8 bears funnel-shaped, deep red flowers, flowers, in spring. Is good in partial shade
leaves are lance-shaped to oblong. In late H8–5. which are paler towards edges. and full sun.
spring has clusters of funnel-shaped R. ‘Fireball’. Evergreen, compact R. griffithianum. Evergreen, upright R. ‘John Cairns’. Evergreen, upright,
flowers, ranging from pale pink to mid- rhododendron. H and S 6ft (2m). Has rhododendron with peeling, red bark. compact azalea. H and S 5–6ft (1.5–2m).
lilac-mauve. Z7–9 H9–7. rounded trusses of bell-shaped, vivid H 20ft (to 6m), S 10ft (3m). Bears loose Bears abundant funnel-shaped, orange-
R. ‘Daviesii’, illus. p.125. Deciduous, scarlet flowers in early spring. Z5–9 H9–3. trusses of fragrant, bell-shaped, white red flowers in spring. Grows reliably in
upright azalea. H and S 6ft (2m). Fragrant, R. ‘Firefly’. See R. ‘Hexe’. flowers in spring. Has large, elliptic, sun and partial shade. Z6–9 H9–6.
funnel-shaped, white flowers, with yellow R. fortunei subsp. discolor, syn. glabrous leaves. Z7–9 H9–7. R. kaempferi (Torch azalea).
flare, are borne in spring. Z5–8 H8–5. R. discolor. Evergreen, treelike R. ‘Hatsugiri’. Evergreen, compact Semievergreen, erect, loosely branched
R. decorum, illus. p.124. Evergreen, rhododendron. H and S to 25ft (8m). Leaves azalea. H and S 2ft (60cm). Has masses azalea. H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Leaves
bushy rhododendron. H and S 12ft (4m). are oblong to oval. Bears fragrant, funnel- of small, funnel-shaped, bright crimson- are lance-shaped. Has masses of funnel-
Oblong to lance-shaped leaves are mid- shaped, pink flowers in mid-summer. Is purple flowers in spring. Flowers very shaped, orange or red flowers in late
green above, paler beneath. Large, ideal in light woodland. Z5–9 H9–5. reliably. Z6–9 H9–6. spring and early summer. Z6–9 H9–6.
fragrant, funnel-shaped, white or shell- R. ‘Fragrantissimum’, illus. p.124. Lax, R. ‘Hawk Crest’. See R. ‘Crest’. R. ‘Kilimanjaro’. Evergreen, bushy
pink flowers, green- or pink-spotted evergreen rhododendron. H and S 6ft (2m). R. ‘Hexe’, syn. R. ‘Firefly’. Evergreen rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m).
within, are produced in early summer. Nutmeg-scented, broadly funnel-shaped, azalea of neat habit. H and S 2ft (60cm). Bears broadly lance-shaped leaves.
Z7–9 H9–7. sometimes pink-flushed, white flowers, Has numerous relatively large, hose-in- Produces large, rounded bunches of
R. degronianum var. heptamerum, with yellow throats, are borne in mid- hose, glowing, crimson flowers in spring. funnel- to bell-shaped, wavy-edged,
syn. R. metternichii. Evergreen, upright spring. Leaves are hairy. Z9–10 H10–9. Z7–9 H9–7. maroon-red flowers, spotted chocolate
rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). R. ‘Freya’. Deciduous azalea of compact, R. ‘Hinode-giri’. Evergreen, compact within, in late spring and early summer.
Has oblong leaves, glossy and green above, shrubby habit. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Fragrant, azalea. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Bears masses Z7–9 H9–7.
reddish-brown-felted beneath. Bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, pink-flushed, orange- of small, funnel-shaped, bright crimson R. ‘Kirin’. Evergreen, compact azalea.
rose-red flowers, borne in spring, are in salmon flowers are produced from late flowers in late spring. Likes sun and partial H and S to 5ft (1.5m). In spring has
rounded bunches of 10–15, often subtly spring to early summer. Z5–8 H8–5. shade. Z6–9 H9–6. numerous hose-in-hose flowers that are
spotted within. Z5–7 H7–5. R. ‘Frome’. Deciduous azalea of shrubby R. ‘Hinomayo’. Evergreen, compact deep rose, shaded delicate silvery-rose.
R. discolor. See R. fortunei subsp. habit. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). In spring bears azalea. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Masses of small, Looks best in partial shade. Z7–9 H9–7.
discolor. trumpet-shaped, saffron-yellow flowers, funnel-shaped, clear pink flowers are R. kiusianum (Kyushu azalea).
R. ‘Doncaster’. Evergreen, compact overlaid red in throats; petals are frilled produced in spring. Likes sun and light Semievergreen azalea of compact habit.
rhododendron. H and S 6–8ft (2–2.5m). Has and wavy-margined. Z5–8 H8–5. shade. Z7–9 H9–7. H and S to 2ft (60cm). Leaves are narrowly
leathery, glossy leaves and, in late spring, R. fulvum, illus. p.125. Evergreen, bushy R. hippophaeoides. Evergreen, oval. Produces clusters of 2–5 funnel-
funnel-shaped, dark red flowers in dense rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). erect rhododendron. H and S 5ft (1.5m). shaped flowers, usually lilac-rose or
bunches. Z5–8 H8–5. Oblong to oval, glossy, deep green leaves Narrowly lance-shaped, aromatic leaves mauve-purple, in late spring. Prefers full
R. ‘Dopey’. Evergreen, compact are brown-felted beneath. In early spring are gray-green. Has small, funnel-shaped, sun. Z7–9 H9–7.
rhododendron. H and S 5ft (1.5m). In spring has loose bunches of bell-shaped, red- lavender or lilac flowers in spring. R. ‘Lady Alice Fitzwilliam’. Evergreen,
has bell-shaped, flame-orange flowers in blotched, pink flowers, which fade to white. Tolerates wet, but not stagnant, soil. bushy rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft
rounded trusses. Z7–9 H9–7. Z7–9 H9–7. Z5–8 H8–5. (1.5–4m). Leaves are glossy, dark green.

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Loose bunches of heavily scented, broadly scarlet flowers in late spring; petal-like R. occidentale (Western azalea). Bushy, R. ‘Purple Splendour’, illus. p.125. Q
funnel-shaped, white flowers, flushed pale calyces match flower color. Z7–9 H9–7. deciduous, azalea. H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Evergreen, bushy rhododendron. H and R
pink, are produced in mid- to late spring. R. ‘Medway’. Deciduous, bushy, open Glossy, mid-green leaves turn yellow or S to 10ft (3m). Has bunches of open funnel-
Grow against a south-or west-facing wall. azalea. H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). In late orange in fall. Bears fragrant, funnel- shaped, rich royal-purple flowers, with 679
R. ‘Lady Clementine Mitford’. spring has large, trumpet-shaped, pale pink shaped, white or pale pink flowers, with black marks in throats, in late spring or
Evergreen, rounded, dense rhododendron. flowers, with darker margins and orange- yellow-orange, basal blotch, from early early summer. Z6–9 H9–6.
H and S 12ft (4m). Has broadly oval, glossy, flashed throats; petal margins are frilled. to mid-summer. Z7–9 H9–7. R. ‘Queen Elizabeth II’. Evergreen,
dark green leaves that are silvery when Z5–8 H8–5. R. ‘Olive’. Upright, evergreen bushy rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft
young and, in late spring and early R. metternichii. See R. degronianum var. rhododendron. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). (1.5–4m). Bears funnel-shaped, greenish-
summer, bold bunches of tubular- to bell- heptamerum. Small, oval to elliptic, mid-green leaves are yellow flowers in loose bunches in late
shaped flowers, peach-pink fading to white R. ‘Moonshine Crescent’. Evergreen, paler green beneath. Has funnel-shaped, spring. Leaves are narrowly oval or lance-
in center, with V-shaped, pink, green and rounded to upright rhododendron. H 6–8ft mauve-pink flowers, with darker spots shaped, glossy and mid-green above, paler
brown marks within. Z7–9 H9–7. (2–2.5m), S 6ft (2m). In late spring produces inside, in early spring. Z6–9 H9–6. beneath. Z7–9 H9–7.
R. ‘Lady Rosebery’. Evergreen, stiffly compact trusses of bell-shaped, yellow R. orbiculare, illus. p.124. Evergreen R. ‘Queen of Hearts’. Evergreen, open
branched rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft flowers. Leaves are oblong to oval and dark rhododendron of compact habit. H and rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m).
(1.5–4m). Bears clusters of drooping, green. Z6–8 H8–6. S to 10ft (3m). Has rounded, bright green Has masses of domed bunches of funnel-
narrowly bell-shaped, waxy, deep pink R. ‘Mother’s Day’, illus. p.125. leaves and bell-shaped, rose-pink flowers, shaped, deep crimson flowers, black-
flowers, which are paler towards petal Evergreen, compact azalea. H and S 3ft in loose bunches, in late spring. Z7–9 H9–7. speckled within, in mid-spring.
margins, in late spring. Is ideal for (1m). Has funnel-shaped, bright red R. oreotrephes. Deciduous, upright R. quinquefolium, illus. p.124.
woodland margin. flowers in spring. shrub or treelike rhododendron. H and Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 10–13ft (3-4m),
R. laetum. Evergreen, erect R. moupinense. Evergreen, rounded, S to 15ft (5m). Has scaly, gray-green leaves. S 10ft (3m). Has obovate to diamond-
rhododendron. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Elliptic compact rhododendron. H and S to 5ft In spring bears loose bunches of 3–10 shaped, mid-green leaves in whorls of 4 or
to broadly elliptic, glossy, dark green leaves (1.5m). Produces funnel-shaped, pink broadly funnel-shaped flowers, usually 5 at shoot ends. Leaves have reddish edges
have tiny, white scales beneath. In spring, flowers, in loose bunches, in late winter mauve or purple, but variable, often with when young and color well in fall. In mid-
red flower stalks bear funnel-shaped, and early spring. Leaves are glossy, dark crimson spots. Z7–9 H9–7. and late spring bears small clusters of
golden-yellow flowers, later suffused green above, paler beneath. Is best grown R. pachysanthum, illus. p.124. Evergreen, pendent, saucer-shaped, green-spotted,
orange-red. Z7–9 H9–7. in a sheltered situation to reduce risk of compact, rounded rhododendron. H and white flowers.
R. ‘Lem’s Cameo’. Evergreen, rounded, frosted flowers. Z7–9 H9–7. S 6ft (2m). New shoots and oblong leaves, R. racemosum. Evergreen, upright, stiffly
bushy rhododendron. H and S 5–8ft R. ‘Mrs. G.W. Leak’. Evergreen, upright, with pointed tips, are covered in fawn felt. branched rhododendron. H and S to 8ft
(1.5–2.5m). Leaves are rounded. In spring compact rhododendron. H and S 12ft (4m). Trusses of open bell-shaped, white to pale (2.5m). Has clusters of widely funnel-
has large-domed bunches of open funnel- In late spring bears compact, conical pink flowers, sometimes with purple flecks, shaped, bright pink flowers borne along
shaped, pale peach flowers, deep pink in bunches of funnel-shaped, pink flowers, are borne in mid- and late spring. Z7–9 the stems in spring. Small, aromatic,
bud, shaded to pink at margins, with basal, with black-brown and crimson marks H9–7. broadly oval leaves are dull green above,
deep rose-colored blotches. Z7–9 H9–7. within. Z7–9 H9–7. R. ‘Palestrina’. Evergreen or gray-green below. Z6–9 H9–6.
R. leucaspis. Densely branched, R. nakaharae. Evergreen, mound- semievergreen, compact, free-flowering R. rex. Vigorous, evergreen, upright shrub
evergreen rhododendron. H 3ft (1m), forming azalea. H and S 2ft (60cm). Shoots azalea. H and S to 4ft (1.2m). Has large, or treelike rhododendron. H and S 12ft (4m)
S 5ft (1.5m). Has broadly elliptic, dark green and oblong to oval leaves are densely hairy. open funnel-shaped, white flowers, with or more. Leaves are pale buff-felted
leaves, bristly above, scaly and yellowish- Funnel-shaped, dark brick-red flowers are faint, green marks, in late spring. Grows beneath. Pink or white flowers have
green beneath. In early spring bears borne in small clusters in mid-summer. Is well in partial shade. Z5–8 H8–3. crimson blotch and spotted throat. Z8–10
saucer-shaped, white flowers, with ideal for a rock garden. Z5–8 H8–5. R. ‘Patty Bee’, illus. p.125. Evergreen, H10–8. subsp. arizelum, syn. R. arizelum,
chocolate-brown anthers. Z8–9 H9–7. R. ‘Nancy Waterer’. Deciduous, twiggy compact rhododendron. H and S 3ft (1m). H and S 25ft (8m), has inversely oval leaves
R. ‘Loderi King George’, illus. p.124. azalea. H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Has large, Produces trusses of funnel-shaped, and usually yellow, sometimes pink, rarely
Large, evergreen rhododendron of open long-tubed and honeysuckle-like, brilliant lemon-colored flowers in spring. white flowers, with crimson marks in
habit. H and S 12ft (4m). Has large leaves. golden-yellow flowers in early summer. Is Z5–9 H9–6. throats. subsp. fictolacteum (illus. p.124),
In late spring and early summer, pale pink good in partial shade and full sun. Z5–8 R. ‘Percy Wiseman’, illus. p.122. H to 45ft (13.5m), has large leaves, green
buds open to huge trusses of fragrant, H8–5. R. ‘Peter John Mezitt’, syn. R. ‘P.J. above, brown-felted beneath. Bears
funnel-shaped, pure white flowers, with R. ‘Narcissiflorum’. Vigorous, Mezitt’. Evergreen, compact bunches of bell-shaped, white flowers
subtle green marks in throats. Z7–9 H9–7. deciduous, compact azalea. H and rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). in spring, with maroon blotch and often
R. lutescens. Semievergreen, upright S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Sweetly scented, hose- Aromatic leaves are small, dark green in spotted throat.
rhododendron. H and S 5–10ft (1.5–3m). in-hose, pale yellow flowers, darker outside summer, bronze-purple in winter. Bears R. ‘Romany Chai’. Vigorous, evergreen
Has oval to lance-shaped leaves that are and in center, are borne in late spring or frost-resistant, funnel-shaped, lavender- rhododendron, open when young,
bronze-red when young. In early spring early summer. Fall foliage is bronze. Z5–8 pink flowers in early spring. Is good in becoming denser with age. H and S 5–12ft
bears funnel-shaped, primrose-yellow H8–5. full sun. Z4–8 H8–1. (1.5–4m). Has dark green, bronze-tinged
flowers. Is effective in light woodland. R. niveum, illus. p.125. Evergreen, R. ‘P.J. Mezitt’. See R. ‘Peter John foliage. In early summer produces large,
Z7–9 H9–7. shrubby rhododendron. H 16ft (5m), Mezitt’. compact bunches of broadly funnel-
R. luteum (Pontic azalea), illus. p.125. S 10ft (3m). Narrowly oval to lance-shaped, R. ‘Pink Pearl’, illus. p.125. Vigorous, shaped, rich brown-red flowers, with
Open deciduous azalea. H and S 5–8ft dark green leaves are white felted when evergreen, upright, open rhododendron. maroon, basal blotch. Is suitable for light
(1.5–2.5m). Mid-green leaves are oblong young and brown felted beneath when H and S 12ft (4m) or more. Bears tall woodland.
to lance-shaped. Has very fragrant, funnel- mature. Bell-shaped, plum-purple flowers, bunches of open funnel-shaped, pink R. ‘Roseum Elegans’. Vigorous,
shaped, bold yellow flowers in spring. Fall in compact, rounded heads, are borne flowers in late spring. Z7–9 H9–7. evergreen, rounded rhododendron. H and
foliage is rich and colorful. Z7–9 H9–7. in spring. R. ‘Polar Bear’, illus. p.124. Vigorous, S 8ft (2.5m) or more. Foliage is bold and
R. maccabeanum. Evergreen, treelike R. Nobleanum Group. Evergreen, multi-stemmed, evergreen rhododendron. glossy, deep green. In early summer bears
rhododendron. H and S to 45ft (13.5m). upright shrub or treelike rhododendron. H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m). In late summer rounded bunches of broadly funnel-
Has bold, broadly oval leaves, dark green H and S to 15ft (5m). Bears large, compact bears strongly scented, tubular to funnel- shaped, reddish-purple flowers, marked
above, gray-felted beneath, and, in early bunches of broadly funnel-shaped, rose- shaped, white flowers, with light brown- with yellow-brown. Z5–9 H9–4.
spring, large bunches of bell-shaped, red, pink or white flowers in winter or flecked, pale green throats. Z7–9 H9–7. R. ‘Roza Stevenson’. Vigorous,
yellow flowers, blotched purple within. early spring. Will flower for long periods R. praecox, illus. p.125. Partially evergreen, upright rhododendron of open
Z8–11 H11–10. in mild weather. Is best in a sheltered deciduous, compact rhododendron. H 5ft habit. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). Produces
R. mallotum. Evergreen, upright, open position. Z7–9 H9–7. (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Funnel-shaped, rose- masses of fine, loose bunches of saucer-
rhododendron, occasionally treelike. R. ‘Norma’. Vigorous, deciduous, purple flowers, in 2s and 3s, are borne at shaped, lemon flowers from mid- to late
H and S to 12ft (4m). Oblong to oval leaves compact azalea. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Bears ends of shoots in late winter and early spring. Is excellent in partial shade. Z7–9
are deep green above, red-brown-felted masses of hose-in-hose, rose-red flowers, spring. Elliptic leaves are aromatic when H9–7.
beneath. Showy, tubular, crimson flowers with salmon glow, in spring. Grows well bruised. Z6–8 H8–6. R. rubiginosum. Vigorous, evergreen,
in loose bunches are borne in early spring. in sun and partial shade. Z6–9 H9–6. R. ‘Ptarmigan’. Evergreen, spreading upright, well-branched rhododendron.
R. ‘May Day’. Evergreen, spreading R. ‘Nova Zembla’. Vigorous, evergreen, rhododendron that forms compact mound. H 20ft (6m), S 8ft (2.5m). Aromatic leaves
rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). upright rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft H to 1ft (30cm), S 21/2ft (75cm) or more. are lance-shaped, dull green above,
Leaves are fresh green above, whitish- (1.5–4m). Has funnel-shaped, dark red Funnel-shaped, pure white flowers are reddish-brown beneath. Has funnel-
felted beneath. Has masses of loose flowers, in closely set bunches, from late borne in early spring. Prefers full sun. shaped, lilac-purple flowers in loose
bunches of long-lasting, funnel-shaped, spring to early summer. Z5–8 H8–1. Z7–9 H9–7. bunches in mid-spring.

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Q R. schlippenbachii (Royal azalea). R. thomsonii. Evergreen, rounded RHODOLEIA deeply rounded, heart-shaped bases. Z11
R Deciduous, rounded, open azalea. H and rhododendron of open habit. H and S to 18ft H12–10.
S 8ft (2.5m). Spoon-shaped leaves are (5.5m). Leaves are waxy, dark green above, HAMAMELIDACEAE R. rhombifolia. See Cissus rhombifolia.
680 in whorls at branch ends. Bears loose whiter beneath. Peeling, fawn-colored bark R. rhomboidea. See Cissus rhombifolia.
bunches of 3–6 saucer-shaped, pink contrasts well with bell-shaped, waxy, red Genus of evergreen, mainly spring-
flowers in mid-spring. Is suitable for flowers in spring. Z8–12 H12–10. flowering trees, grown for their foliage RHOMBOPHYLLUM
light woodland. Z5–8 H8–5. R. ‘Vuyk’s Scarlet’. Evergreen, compact and flowers. Needs full light or partial
R. ‘Seta’, illus. p.125. Evergreen, erect azalea. H and S to 2ft (60cm). In spring shade and rich, well-drained, neutral AIZOACEAE
rhododendron. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3–5ft bears masses of relatively large, open to acid soil. Water container specimens
(1–1.5m). In early spring bears loose funnel-shaped, brilliant red flowers, with freely when in full growth, sparingly Genus of mat-forming, perennial
bunches of tubular, vivid pink-and-white- wavy petals, which completely cover glossy at other times. Tolerates pruning, if succulents with dense, basal rosettes
striped flowers, fading to white at bases. foliage. Z6–9 H9–5. necessary. Propagate by semiripe of linear or semicylindrical leaves, each
Z7–9 H9–7. R. wardii. Evergreen, compact cuttings in summer or by seed when expanded towards middle or tip; leaf tip
R. ‘Seven Stars’. Vigorous, evergreen, rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). ripe, in fall, or in spring. is reflexed or incurved. Needs sun and
upright, dense rhododendron. H and Leaves are rounded. In late spring bears R. championii. Evergreen, bushy tree. very well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
S 6–10ft (2–3m). Has yellowish-green loose bunches of saucer-shaped, clear H and S 12–25ft (4–8m). Elliptic to oval, or stem cuttings in spring or summer.
foliage and, in spring, masses of bunches yellow flowers, with crimson, basal bright green leaves, to 31/2in (9cm) long, R. rhomboideum, illus. p.494.
of large, bell-shaped, wavy-margined, blotches. Z7–9 H9–7. are borne near shoot tips. Clusters of
white flowers, flushed with apple-blossom R. williamsianum, illus. p.124. Evergreen tiny flowers, surrounded by petal-like, RHUS
pink, pink in bud. Z7–9 H9–7. rhododendron of compact, spreading pink bracts, are produced in spring.
R. sinogrande, illus. p.124. Evergreen, habit. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Young leaves are Z11 H12–10. Sumac
bushy rhododendron. H and S 30ft (10m). bronze, maturing to mid-green. Has loosely
Has very large, oblong to lance-shaped, clustered, bell-shaped, pink flowers in RHODOPHIALA ANACARDIACEAE
glossy, dark green leaves, silver- to buff- spring. Is ideal for a small garden.
felted beneath. In mid- and late spring Z7–9 H9–7. AMARYLLIDACEAE Genus of deciduous trees, shrubs and
bears widely bell-shaped, pale yellow to R. ‘Woodcock’. Evergreen, compact, scrambling climbers, grown for their
creamy-white flowers, marked crimson spreading rhododendron. H and S 5–8ft Genus of bulbs, grown for their large, divided, ashlike foliage, fall color and,
inside. Z8–10 H10–8. (1.5–2.5m). Has semi-glossy, dark green funnel-shaped flowers. Needs full sun or in some species, showy fruit clusters.
R. ‘Snowdrift’. Deciduous, bushy azalea. leaves and, in spring, masses of loose partial shade and well-drained soil. Keep Requires sun and well-drained soil.
H and S to 8ft (2.5m). Bears bunches of bunches of funnel-shaped, rose-red dormant bulbs dry in winter. Propagate Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer,
large, slender-tubed flowers in spring flowers. Z7–9 H9–7. by seed in spring or by offsets in spring by seed in fall or by root cuttings in winter.
before leaves are produced. White flowers R. xanthocodon. See R. cinnabarium (summer-flowering species). May be attacked by coral spot fungus.
have yellow marks that deepen to orange. subsp. xanthocodon. R. advena, syn. Hippeastrum advenum,
Z6–8 H8–6. R. yakushimanum, illus. p.124. illus. p.410. T All parts of R. verniciflua are highly
R. souliei. Evergreen, open Evergreen, dome-shaped rhododendron
rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). of neat, compact habit. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft RHODOTHAMNUS toxic if ingested; contact with its foliage,
Has rounded leaves and, in late spring, (1.5m). Leaves are broadly oval, silvery and that of a number of related species,
saucer-shaped, soft pink flowers. at first, maturing to deepest green, and ERICACEAE including R. succedanea, may aggravate
Grows best in areas of low rainfall. brown-felted beneath. In late spring has skin allergies.
Z7–9 H9–7. open funnel-shaped, pink flowers, green Genus of one species of evergreen, semi- R. aromatica (Fragrant sumac).
R. ‘Spek’s Orange’. Deciduous, bushy flecked within, that fade to near white. prostrate, open shrub, grown for its Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 3ft (1m),
azalea. H and S to 8ft (2.5m). In late Z5–9 H9–5. flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens and S 5ft (1.5m). Deep green leaves, divided
spring bears bold bunches of large, R. ‘Yellow Hammer’, illus. p.126. peat beds. Needs sun and rich, well- into 3 oval leaflets, turn orange or reddish-
slender-tubed, bright reddish-orange R. yunnanense. Semievergreen, open drained, acid soil. Propagate by seed in purple in fall. Tiny, yellow flowers are
flowers, with greenish marks within. rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. borne in mid-spring, before foliage,
Z5–8 H8–5. Has aromatic, gray-green leaves and R. chamaecistus, illus. p.338. followed by spherical, red fruits. Z2–8
R. ‘Strawberry Ice’. Deciduous, masses of butterfly-like, pale pink or white H8–1.
bushy azalea. H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). flowers, with blotched throats, in spring. RHODOTYPOS R. copallina (Dwarf sumac, Shining
In late spring, deep pink buds open into Z6–9 H9–6. sumac). Deciduous, upright shrub. H and
trumpet-shaped, flesh-pink flowers, ROSACEAE S 3–5ft (1–1.5m) or more. Glossy, dark
with deep yellow-marked throats and RHODOHYPOXIS green leaves, divided into numerous lance-
mottled deeper pink petal margins Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, shaped leaflets, turn red-purple in fall.
Z4–8 H8–1. HYPOXIDACEAE grown for its flowers. Needs sun or partial Minute, greenish-yellow flowers, borne in
R. ‘Surprise’. Evergreen, dense azalea. shade and fertile, moist but well-drained dense clusters from mid- to late summer,
H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Has abundant, small, Genus of dwarf, spring- to summer- soil. After flowering, on established plants, are followed by narrowly egg-shaped,
funnel-shaped, light orange-red flowers flowering, tuberous perennials, grown cut back some older shoots. Propagate bright red fruits. Z5–9 H9–4.
in mid-spring. Looks effective when mass for their pink, red or white flowers, each by softwood cuttings in summer or by R. cotinoides. See Cotinus obovatus.
planted and is ideal in partial shade and comprising 6 petals that meet at the center, seed in fall. R. cotinus. See Cotinus coggygria.
full sun. Z7–9 H9–7. so the flower has no eye. Needs full sun R. kerrioides. See R. scandens. R. glabra, illus. p.140.
R. ‘Susan’. Close-growing, evergreen and sandy, peaty soil. Water freely when R. scandens, syn. R. kerrioides, illus. R. hirta. See R. typhina. ‘Laciniata’. See
rhododendron. H and S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). in growth. Propagate in spring by seed p.149. R. typhina ‘Dissecta’.
Foliage is glossy, dark green. In spring or offsets. R. potaninii. Deciduous, round-headed
bears large bunches of open funnel-shaped R. ‘Albrighton’, illus. p.365. Rhoeo discolor. See Tradescantia tree. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft (8m). Large, dark
flowers in 2 shades of blue-mauve, spotted R. baurii. Spring- and early summer- spathacea. green leaves, with usually 7–11 oval leaflets,
purple within. Z6–9 H9–6. flowering, tuberous perennial. H 2–4in Rhoeo spathacea. See Tradescantia turn red in fall. In summer produces dense
R. sutchuenense. Evergreen, spreading (5–10cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). Has erect, spathacea. clusters of tiny, yellow-green flowers.
shrub or treelike rhododendron. H and basal tuft of narrowly lance-shaped, Female flower clusters are followed by tiny,
S to 16ft (5m). Has large leaves and, in early hairy leaves. Bears succession of erect, RHOICISSUS spherical, black or brownish fruits. Z5–9
spring, large bunches of broadly funnel- flattish, white, pale pink or red flowers, H9–5.
shaped, pink flowers, spotted deeper on slender stems. Z9–10 H10–9. var. VITACEAE R. succedanea, syn. Toxicodendron
within. Is suitable for light woodland. platypetala has larger, white or very succedaneum (Wax tree). Deciduous,
Z6–9 H9–6. pale pink flowers. Genus of evergreen, tendril climbers, spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Large,
R. ‘Temple Belle’. Evergreen R. ‘Douglas’. Spring- and early grown for their foliage. Bears glossy, dark green leaves, divided into
rhododendron of neat, compact habit. summer-flowering, tuberous perennial. inconspicuous flowers intermittently. 9–15 oval leaflets, turn red in fall. Has
H and S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Loose bunches H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). Needs sun and fertile, moist but well- dense clusters of tiny, yellow-green flowers
of bell-shaped, clear pink flowers are Has erect, basal tuft of narrowly lance- drained soil. Water regularly, less in in summer. Female flowers are followed
produced in spring. Rounded leaves are shaped, hairy leaves. Bears succession cold weather. Provide support. Remove by tiny, spherical, black or brownish fruits.
dark green above, gray-green beneath. of solitary, upright, flattish, rich deep red crowded stems when necessary or in Z5–8 H8–5.
Z8–9 H9–8. flowers, on slender stems. Z9–10 H 10–9. early spring. Propagate by seed in spring R. trichocarpa, illus. p.90.
R. ‘Margaret Rose’, illus. p.362. or by semiripe cuttings in summer. R. typhina, syn. R. hirta (Staghorn sumac,
R. capensis (Cape grape). Vigorous, Velvet sumac). Deciduous, spreading,
evergreen, tendril climber. H and S to 15ft suckering, open shrub or tree. H 15ft (5m),
(5m). Rounded, toothed, lustrous, mid- to S 20ft (6m). Velvety shoots are clothed in
deep green leaves, to 8in (20cm) wide, have dark green leaves divided into oblong

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leaflets. Produces minute, greenish- RHYNCHOSTELE RICHEA RODGERSIA
white flowers from mid- to late summer.
Leaves become brilliant orange-red in ORCHIDACEAE ERICACEAE/EPACRIDACEAE SAXIFRAGACEAE
fall, accompanying clusters of spherical,
deep red fruits on female plants. Z3–8 See also ORCHIDS. Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering Genus of summer-flowering, rhizomatous
H8–1. ‘Dissecta’, syn. R. hirta ‘Laciniata’, R. bictoniensis, syn. Lemboglossum shrubs, grown for their foliage and densely perennials. Is ideal for pond sides. Needs
R. typhina ‘Laciniata’ illus. p.117. bictoniense, Odontoglossum bictoniense. clustered flowers. Needs sun or partial shelter from strong winds, which may
‘Laciniata’ of gardens. See R. typhina Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool shade and moist, peaty, neutral to acid soil. damage foliage. Requires sun or partial
‘Dissecta’. greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Olive-green Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer shade and moist soil. Propagate by division
R. verniciflua, syn. Toxicodendron flowers, 11⁄2in (4cm) across, barred with or by seed in fall. in spring or by seed in fall.
vernicifluum (Varnish tree). Deciduous, dark brown and sometimes pink-flushed, R. scoparia. Evergreen, upright shrub. R. aesculifolia, illus. p.437.
spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). white lip, are produced in spikes in late H and S 6ft (2m). Shoots are covered with R. pinnata ‘Fireworks’ Clump-forming,
Large, glossy, bright green leaves, divided summer. Has narrowly oval leaves, 4–6in narrowly lance-shaped, sharp-pointed, rhizomatous perennial. H 3ft (1m),
into 7–13 oval leaflets, redden in fall. (10–15cm) long. Requires shade in summer. dark green leaves. Bears dense, upright S 2ft (60cm). Has large creeping root and
Bears dense clusters of tiny, yellow-green R. cervantesii, syn. Lemboglossum spikes of small, egg-shaped, pink, white, large, pinnate, red-tinged, mid-green leaves
flowers in summer, followed by berry-like, cervantesii, Odontoglossum cervantesii. orange or maroon flowers in early summer. divided into narrowly oval leaflets. In
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool Z9–10 H10–9. summer produces much-branched, loose
brownish-yellow fruits. T Contact with greenhouse. H 3in (8cm). In winter panicles of small, star-shaped, pink-red
produces sprays of papery, white flowers, RICINUS flowers. ‘Superba’, H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 21/2ft
the sap may severely irritate the skin. 1in (2.5cm) across, with cobweb-like, light (75cm), has bronze-tinged, emerald-green
Z6–9 H9–6. brown marks. Has narrowly oval leaves, EUPHORBIACEAE leaves and bright pink flowers. Z3–7 H7–1.
4–6in (10–15cm) long. Grow in shade in R. podophylla, illus. p.436.
x RHYNCATTLEANTHE summer. Genus of one species of fast-growing, R. sambucifolia, illus. p.437.
R. cordatum, syn. Lemboglossum evergreen, treelike shrub, grown for its R. tabularis. See Astilboides tabularis.
ORCHIDACEAE cordatum, Odontoglossum cordatum. foliage. In cool climates, is grown as an
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool annual. Needs sun and fertile to rich, ROMNEYA Q
See also ORCHIDS. greenhouse. H 5in (12cm). Sprays of well-drained soil. May require support R
x R. Cherub gx ‘Spring Daffodil’, syn. brown-marked, corn-yellow flowers, in exposed areas. Propagate by seed Matilija poppy, Tree poppy
x Potinara Cherub gx ‘Spring Daffodil’. 1in (2.5cm) across, are produced in spring.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an Leaves are narrowly oval and 4–6in sown under glass in early spring. T All PAPAVERACEAE
intermediate greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). (10–15cm) long. Provide shade in summer
Sprays of yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across, and keep very dry in winter. parts of R. communis, particularly the Genus of summer-flowering, woody-based
are produced in spring. Broadly oval, rigid R. rossii, syn. Lemboglossum rossii, seeds, are highly toxic if ingested; perennials and deciduous subshrubs.
leaves are 4in (10cm) long. Needs good Odontoglossum rossii, illus. p.466. contact with the foliage may aggravate Requires a warm, sunny position and deep,
light in summer. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool skin allergies. well-drained soil. Is difficult to establish,
greenhouse. H 3in (8cm). In fall–winter, R. communis, illus. p.318. ‘Impala’, illus. resents being moved and, in very cold
Rhynchelytrum repens. See Melinis white to mushroom-pink flowers, 1in p.308. areas, roots may need protection in winter.
repens. (2.5cm) across, speckled beige-brown, are Once established, may spread rapidly.
Rhynchelytrum roseum. See Melinis borne in spikes. Narrowly oval leaves are ROBINIA Propagate by softwood cuttings of basal
repens. 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Needs shade in shoots in early spring, by seed in fall
summer. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE (transplanting seedlings without disturbing
x RHYNCHOLAELIOCATTLEYA rootballs) or by root cuttings in winter.
RIBES Genus of deciduous, mainly summer- R. coulteri, illus. p.216.
ORCHIDACEAE flowering trees and shrubs, grown for R. ‘White Cloud’. Vigorous, bushy,
Flowering currant their foliage and clusters of pealike woody-based perennial. H and S 3ft (1m).
See also ORCHIDS. flowers. Is useful for poor, dry soil. Throughout summer produces large,
x R. Hetherington Horace gx GROSSULARIACEAE Needs sun and any but waterlogged soil. slightly fragrant, shallowly cup-shaped,
‘Coronation’, syn. x Brassolaeliocattleya Branches are brittle and may be damaged white flowers, with prominent golden
Hetherington Horace gx ‘Coronation’. Genus of deciduous or evergreen, mainly by strong winds. Propagate by seed or stamens. Leaves are oval, deeply lobed
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an spring-flowering shrubs, grown for their suckers in fall or by root cuttings in and gray. Z8–10 H9–2.
intermediate greenhouse. H 18in (45cm). edible fruits (currants and gooseberries)
Bears stiff, oval leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) or their flowers. Needs full sun and well- winter. T All parts may cause severe ROMULEA 681
long, and fragrant, light pink flowers, drained, fertile soil, but R. laurifolium
4in (10cm) across, with deep pink-yellow tolerates shade. After flowering, cut out discomfort if ingested. IRIDACEAE
lips, up to 4 to a stem, mainly in spring. some older shoots and, in winter or early R. x ambigua ‘Decaisneana’.
Provide good light in summer. spring, prune straggly, old plants hard. Deciduous, spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), Genus of crocus-like corms, grown for
x R. Mount Adams gx, syn. Propagate deciduous species by hardwood S 30ft (10m). Dark green leaves are their funnel-shaped flowers. Needs full
x Brassocattleya Mount Adams gx, illus. cuttings in winter, evergreens by semiripe divided into numerous oval leaflets. light and well-drained, sandy soil. Water
p.466. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an cuttings in summer. Aphids attack young Long, hanging clusters of pealike, pink freely in growing period. Most species die
intermediate greenhouse. H 18in (45cm). foliage. flowers are borne in early summer. down in summer and then need warmth
Intermittently produces lavender-pink R. aureum of gardens. See R. odoratum. Z4–11 H12–1. and dryness. R. macowanii, however, is
flowers, to 6in (15cm) across, with darker R. laurifolium, illus. p.165. R. hispida, illus. p.133. var. kelseyi, syn. dormant in winter. Propagate by seed in
lip marked yellow and red, up to 4 per R. odoratum, syn. R. aureum (Buffalo R. kelseyi (Allegheny moss locust) is a fall, or in spring for R. macowanii.
stem. Has oval, stiff leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) currant, Clove currant). Deciduous, upright deciduous, spreading, open shrub. R. bulbocodioides of gardens. See R. flava.
long. Needs good light in summer. shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Clusters of H 8ft (2.5m), S 12ft (4m). Clusters of R. bulbocodium, illus. p.419.
x R. St. Helier gx, syn. fragrant, tubular, golden-yellow flowers are pealike, rose-pink flowers, in late R. flava, syn. R. bulbocodioides. Early
x Brassolaeliocattleya St. Helier gx. borne from mid- to late spring, followed by spring or early summer, are followed spring-flowering corm. H to 4in (10cm),
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an rounded, purple fruits. Rounded, 3-lobed, by pendent, red seed pods. Dark S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). Has threadlike, erect,
intermediate greenhouse. H 18in (45cm). bright green leaves turn red and purple in green leaves are divided into 9 or basal leaf and 1–5 upright, widely funnel-
Produces oval, stiff leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) fall. Z5–8 H8–5. 11 oval leaflets. shaped, usually yellow flowers, 3/4–11/2in
long. Pinkish-purple flowers, to 4in (10cm) R. sanguineum (Flowering currant). R. kelseyi. See R. hispida var. kelseyi. (2–4cm) across, with deeper yellow centers.
across, with yellow-marked, rich red lips, ‘Brocklebankii’ is a deciduous, spreading R. pseudoacacia (Black locust). Fast- Z9–10 H10–9.
are borne 1–4 to a stem, mainly in spring. shrub. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Has aromatic, growing, deciduous, spreading tree. R. longituba. See R. macowanii var.
Grow in good light in summer. pale yellow leaves. Pendent clusters of H 80ft (25m), S 50ft (15m). Dark green alticola.
small, pale pink flowers, in spring, are leaves are divided into 11–23 oval leaflets. R. macowanii var. alticola, syn.
RHYNCHOSPORA followed by white-bloomed, black fruits. Has dense, drooping clusters of fragrant, R. longituba. Summer-flowering corm.
Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Edward VII’, illus. p.146. pealike, white flowers in late spring and H and S 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm). Leaves are
CYPERACEAE ‘Pulborough Scarlet’, illus. p.123. early summer. Z4–9 H9–3. ‘Frisia’, illus. threadlike, erect and basal. Produces 1–3
‘Tydeman’s White’, H and S 8ft (2.5m), p.76. ‘Umbraculifera’, H and S 20ft (6m), upright, yellow flowers, 11/4in (3cm) across
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES has pure white flowers. rarely produces rounded, dense flower with long tube expanding to become wide
and SEDGES. R. speciosum, illus. p.193. head. Z4–9 H9–1. funnel shape. Z8–10 H10–8.
R. colorata, syn. Dichromena colorata, R. x slavinii ‘Hilleri’, illus. p.86. R. sabulosa. Early spring-flowering corm.
illus. p.437. H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). Forms
Rochea coccinea. See Crassula
coccinea.

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threadlike, erect, basal leaves. Stems bear regarded as 2 separate groups. Cultivars flowers are solitary or borne in clusters from second-year wood. Are ideal for
1–4 upward-facing, funnel-shaped, black- are farther divided into Old Garden and of 3 or more, on short stems from second- naturalizing or for growing on fences and
centered, bright red flowers that open Modern roses. Each group comprises year wood, usually in early summer. Are pergolas.
flattish, to 11/2–2in (4–5cm) across, in sun. different types, based, it is claimed, on the suitable for beds and borders. Tea—repeat-flowering shrubs and
Z9–10 H10–9. functional qualities of each plant, such as Sweet Briar—vigorous, free-branching climbing roses with smooth to thorny
whether it is repeat-flowering, rather than shrubs with usually thorny stems and stems, sometimes bearing a few large,
RONDELETIA on any historical, botanical or genetical sweetly scented, dark green leaves. In red prickles, and glossy, light or sometimes
relationships. Flowers occur in a variety of summer, they bear usually scented, single dark green leaves. They produce spicy-
RUBIACEAE forms (illustrated and described on p.172). to double flowers, singly or in clusters of scented, slender-stemmed, semi- to fully
and are single (4–7 petals), semidouble up to 7, on short shoots from second-year double flowers, borne singly or in 3s, in
Genus of evergreen, mainly summer- (8–20 petals), double (20–30 petals) or fully wood. Use as hedges, as specimen plants flushes in summer–fall, on shoots from
flowering trees and shrubs, grown double (over 30 petals). Many modern rose and in large borders. second-year wood and on new wood. Need
mainly for their flowers. Requires full cultivars are sold under names other than a sheltered site. Are suitable for beds and
light or partial shade and fertile, well- the registered Plant Breeder’s Rights (PBR) Group B borders and trained against walls.
drained soil. Water container specimens names; where this is the case, the plant is Bourbon—large, open, repeat-flowering
freely when in full growth, moderately listed under its trade name, with the PBR shrubs and climbing roses, often with long, Modern roses
at other times. Stems may be shortened name in brackets afterwards. Roses are smooth or prickly stems, which may be Climber—often vigorous climbing roses
in early spring if necessary. Propagate illustrated on pp.172–187. trained to climb. They have often glossy with thorny, arching, stiff stems and usually
by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings leaves and numerous scented, double or dense, glossy, mid- to dark green foliage.
in summer. Species roses fully double flowers, borne commonly in They bear generally scented flowers in a
R. amoena. Evergreen, rounded shrub. Species, or wild, roses (including those 3s, in flushes in summer and usually fall. variety of forms, singly or in clusters of 3–7
H and S 6–12ft (2–4m). Oval, dark green interspecific hybrids that share most of Flowers are borne on short shoots from or more. Some bloom in summer only, on
leaves are brown hairy beneath. Produces the characteristics of their parent species) second-year wood and on new wood. Are short shoots from second-year wood; many
dense clusters of tubular, 4- or 5-lobed, are either shrubs or climbers, mostly suitable for borders and for training over are repeat-flowering and also flower on
pink flowers in summer. Z11 H12–10. bearing single, 5-petaled, often fragrant fences, walls and pillars. new wood. Train against walls, fences or
flowers in summer, usually in one flush Boursault—climbing roses with long, use to cover garden structures.
Rooksbya euphorbioides. See on short shoots from second-year wood; arching, usually smooth stems and dark Climbing Miniature—repeat-flowering,
Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides. the flowers are followed by red or black green leaves. They bear slightly scented, climbing roses with restrained, sparsely
hips in fall. semidouble or double flowers, singly or thorny growth. Clusters of 3–9 tiny, rarely
Q ROSA in clusters of 3, in early summer, on short scented, single to fully double flowers are
R Old Garden roses shoots from second-year wood. Are borne in flushes in summer–fall, on shoots
Rose This category is so large that it is divided suitable for sheltered walls and fences. from second-year wood and on new wood.
682 into two groups. Roses in Group A are China—spindly, repeat-flowering shrubs Grow against low walls, fences and pillars.
ROSACEAE mostly of European origin, while those with mostly smooth stems, bearing only Floribunda (or Cluster-flowered
in Group B are hybrids between Oriental a few reddish-brown prickles, and glossy bush)—repeat-flowering, free-branching
Genus of deciduous or semievergreen, and European roses. leaves. They produce sometimes scented, shrubs of upright or bushy habit, usually
open shrubs and scrambling climbers, single to fully double flowers, singly or in with prickly stems and glossy, dark green
grown for their profusion of flowers, often Group A clusters of 3–13, in flushes in summer–fall. leaves. Sometimes scented, single to double
fragrant, and sometimes for their fruits Alba—large, freely branching shrubs with Flowers appear on short shoots from flowers are usually in clusters of 3–25,
(rose hips). Leaves are divided into usually only a few prickles on the stems. They second-year wood and on new wood. rarely solitary, and are borne continuously
5 or 7 oval leaflets, with rounded or bear clusters of 5–7 semi- to fully double, Need a sheltered site. Are suitable for in summer–fall on shoots from second-year
pointed tips, that are sometimes toothed. scented flowers in mid-summer, on shoots borders and walls. wood and on new wood. Are excellent for
Stems usually bear thorns, or prickles. from second-year wood. Have abundant, Hybrid Musk—vigorous, repeat- borders and as hedges.
Most of the bush and climbing roses grow grayish-green leaves. Most are good for flowering shrubs with prickly stems and Groundcover —trailing and spreading
well in Z5–9 H9–5 (unless otherwise stated) borders and as hedges or as specimen abundant foliage. They produce mainly roses, mostly with prickly stems, producing
but are often grown in colder zones and plants. double blooms, often very fragrant, either often glossy leaves. They bear clusters
protected for the winter by mounding, Centifolia (or Provence)—lax, thorny singly or in clusters of 2–7 or more, in of numerous, sometimes scented, single
deep planting, or burying. Prefers an open, shrubs that produce often scented, double flushes from mid-summer to fall. Are good to fully double flowers; some flower in
sunny site and requires fertile, moist but to fully double flowers, borne singly or in for shrub borders, and can be trained on summer only, on short shoots from second-
well-drained soil. Avoid planting in an area 3s, in summer, on shoots from second-year walls. year wood; others are repeat-flowering,
where roses have been grown in recent wood. Leaves are matt, dark green. Are Hybrid Perpetual—free-branching, and also flower on new wood. Many bear
years, as problems due to harmful suitable for borders. repeat-flowering shrubs with upright, flowers all along the stems. Are ideal for
organisms may occur: either exchange Damask—open shrubs with prickly stems prickly growth and dark green leaves. They beds, banks and containers, and for trailing
the soil, which may be used satisfactorily and downy leaves. They produce often bear often scented, fully double flowers, over walls.
elsewhere, or choose another site for the very fragrant, semi- to fully double flowers, held singly or in 3s, in flushes in summer– Hybrid Tea (or Large-flowered bush)—
new rose. To obtain blooms of high quality, borne singly or in loose clusters of 5–7 fall on shoots from second-year wood and repeat-flowering, free-branching shrubs of
feed in late winter or early spring with a mainly in summer, on shoots from second- on new wood. Are suitable for beds and upright or bushy habit, with usually thorny
balanced fertilizer and apply a mulch. In year wood; a few also flower on new wood borders. stems and glossy or matt, mid- to dark
spring and summer, feed regularly at in fall. Are suitable for borders or training Noisette—repeat-flowering climbing roses green leaves. Large, often scented, usually
3-weekly intervals. Remove spent flower against a support. that bear clusters of 3–15 usually double double flowers are borne singly or in 3s
heads from plants that are “remontant” Gallica—shrubs of fairly dense, free- to fully double flowers, with a slight spicy in flushes in summer–fall on shoots from
(“rising up again”; other terms used are branching habit, with usually thorny fragrance, in flushes in summer–fall. second-year wood and on new wood. Use
repeat- or perpetual-flowering). May be stems, and mostly dull, dark green leaves. Flowers are borne on shoots from second- in formal borders, as hedges and for cut
trimmed for tidiness in early winter. To Produce mostly scented, single to fully year wood, occasionally on new wood. flowers.
improve health, flower quality and shape double, richly colored flowers, often in Have generally smooth stems and glossy Miniataure—repeat-flowering shrubs
of bush, prune in the dormant season or, clusters of 3, in summer on shoots from leaves. Are suitable for sheltered, south- with very compact, rarely spreading,
preferably, in early spring, before young second-year wood. Are suitable for or west-facing walls. sparsely thorny, short growth. Sprays
shoots develop from dormant growth borders and as hedging. Portland (or Damask Portland)— of 3–11 tiny, rarely scented, single to
buds: remove dead, damaged and dying Moss—often lax shrubs with a furry, upright, compact, repeat-flowering shrubs fully double flowers are borne in flushes
wood; lightly trim Old Garden and mosslike growth on stems and calyces. with thorny stems and usually dark green in summer–fall on very short shoots
Groundcover roses (see below); remove Leaves are usually dark green. Usually leaves. They produce usually scented, semi- from second-year wood and on new
two-thirds of previous summer’s growth of fragrant, semi- to fully double flowers, to fully double flowers, held singly or in 3s, wood. Have tiny leaves. Are suitable
Modern bush, including miniature, roses. often in clusters of 3 or more, are borne in flushes in summer–fall, mainly on shoots for edging paths and driveways, and for
Correct treatment of Modern shrub and on very thorny shoots from second-year from second-year wood. Are suitable for rock gardens, raised beds and container
climbing roses, ramblers and Species roses wood in summer. Are suitable for beds beds and borders. growing.
depends on the individual cultivar, but in and borders. Sempervirens—vigorous, semievergreen Patio (or Dwarf cluster-flowered
general they should be pruned only lightly. Scots (or Scotch)—suckering shrubs, climbing or rambler roses with shiny, light bush)—repeat-flowering shrubs with
Propagate by budding in summer or by selections or hybrids of R. spinosissima, green leaves. Arching, thorny stems bear compact growth, sometimes prickly stems,
hardwood cuttings in fall. All roses are of low, spreading, rarely upright habit, clusters of 3–15 unscented, semi- to fully and usually glossy leaves. They bear
prone to attack by various pests and with prickly stems and dark green leaves. double flowers in summer, on short stems clusters of 3–11 usually unscented, single
diseases, including aphids, blackspot, Occasionally scented, single to double
powdery mildew, rust and sawfly.
Rose species and cultivars are often

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to double flowers in flushes in summer–fall, vigorous, upright stems. H 15ft (5m), H and S 30ft (10m). Dense clusters of rose with very good disease resistance and Q
on shoots from second-year wood and on S 10ft (3m). Bears clusters of musk-scented, fragrant, flat, single, white flowers, 1in repeat-flowering in summer–fall. H 3ft (1m), R
new wood. Are ideal for beds, borders and quartered, fully double, yolk-yellow (2.5cm) across, are borne on thornless, S 31/2ft (1.1m). Bears large sprays of slightly
as hedges and for growing in containers. flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, in summer–fall. light green stems in a single flush in fragrant, cupped, fully double, rose-pink 683
Polyantha—compact, repeat-flowering Has glossy, mid-green leaves. Z6–9 H9–6. summer. Leaves are small and pale green. flowers, 3in (7cm) across. Foliage is glossy
shrubs with sparsely thorny stems and R. ‘Aloha’, illus. p.185. Is uncommon in cultivation. Z8–9 H9–8. and plentiful. Z4–9 H9–1.
glossy leaves. Sprays of many small, rarely R. ‘Alpine Sunset’. Compact Hybrid Tea ‘Lutea’ has scentless, rosette, fully double, R. ‘Boule de Neige’. Upright Bourbon
scented, single to double flowers are borne rose with moderate disease resistance. yellow flowers, 3/4in (2cm) across. Needs a rose with arching stems and very good
in summer–fall on shoots from second-year H and S 2ft (60cm). Fragrant, rounded, fully sunny, sheltered wall and pruning of spent disease resistance. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m).
wood and on new wood. Are suitable for double, peach-yellow flowers, 8in (20cm) wood only. var. normalis. See R. Very fragrant, cupped to rosette, fully
beds and borders, as hedges and for across, are produced on short stems in banksiae. double, white flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
containers. summer and again in fall. Has large, R. ‘Beauty of Glazenwood’. See R. sometimes tinged pink, are produced in
Rambler—a diverse group of vigorous semi-glossy leaves. May die back in hard x odorata ‘Pseudindica’. summer–fall. Leaves are glossy and dark
roses with long, arching, thorny stems and winters. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Belle Courtisanne’. See R. ‘Königin green. Z6–9 H9–6.
dense, usually glossy foliage. They have R. AMBER QUEEN (‘Harroony’). Spreading, von Dänemark’. R. ‘Bouquet de la Mariée’. See
clusters of 3–21 sometimes scented, single cluster-flowered bush rose with good R. ‘Belle de Crècy’. Gallica rose of rather R. ‘Aimèe Vibert’.
to fully double flowers, mainly in summer, disease resistance and repeat-flowering in lax growth, few thorns and moderate R. ‘Brass Ring’. See R. PEEK-A-BOO
on short shoots from second-year wood summer–fall. H and S 20in (50cm). Amber disease resistance. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). (‘Dicgrow’).
and on new wood. Train over walls, fences, flowers are fragrant, rounded and fully In a single flush in summer produces R. BREATH OF LIFE (‘Harquanne’). Stiff,
pergolas and into trees. double, 3in (8cm) across. Has abundant, rosette, fully double, pink flowers, 3in (8cm) upright Climber with moderate disease
Rugosa—hardy shrubs with tough, reddish foliage. Z5–9 H9–5. across, with green eyes and spicy resistance. H 9ft (2.8m), S 7ft (2.2m). Slightly
wrinkled, usually bright green leaves and R. ‘American Pillar’. Vigorous Rambler fragrance. Z3–9 H9–1. scented, rounded, fully double, pinkish-
prickly stems. Most bear scented, single or of lax growth. H to 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m). R. ‘Belle de Londres’. See R. apricot flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are
semidouble flowers, in clusters of 3–11, in Large clusters of cupped, single, carmine- ‘Compassion’. borne in summer and again in fall. Leaves
summer–fall, on short shoots from second- red flowers, with white eyes, are borne R. BELMONTE (‘Harpearl’), illus. p.179. are semi-glossy. Z5–9 H9–5.
year wood. They are often followed by freely in mid-summer. Leathery foliage is R. BENJAMIN BRITTEN (‘Ausencart’), illus. R. BRIDGE OF SIGHS (‘Harglow’), illus.
tomato-like, usually red hips. Use as glossy, mid-green. Z5–9 H9–5. p.175. p.187.
hedges, for beds and borders and as R. ‘Amruda’. See R. RED ACE. R. ‘Bizarre Triomphant’. See R. ‘Charles R. BRIGHT SMILE (‘Dicdance’). Bushy
specimen plants. R. ‘Andeli’. See R. DOUBLE DELIGHT. de Mills’. Floribunda rose with good disease
Shrub—roses in this diverse group are R. ANGELA RIPPON (‘Ocaru’). Miniature R. ‘Blanche Moreau’. Moss rose of resistance and repeat-flowering in
usually larger than bush roses (a general rose with good disease resistance. H 18in rather lax growth. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). summer–fall. H and S 18in (45cm). Bears
term used to describe Floribundas, Hybrid (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces slightly Fragrant, cupped, fully double, white clusters of slightly scented, flat,
Teas, Miniatures, Patio roses and scented, urn-shaped, fully double, salmon- flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with brownish semidouble, yellow flowers, 3in (8cm)
occasionally Groundcover roses). They pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, in summer “mossing”, are borne in summer. Has dull across. Has glossy, bright green leaves.
often have thorny stems and bear usually and again in fall. Has many small, dark green leaves. Z8–9 H9–1. Z5–9 H9–5.
scented, semidouble to double flowers in green leaves. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Blessings’. Upright Hybrid Tea rose R. ‘Buff Beauty’, illus. p.177.
few- to many-flowered clusters, sometimes R. ‘Angelita’. See R. SNOWBALL with moderate disease resistance. H 3ft R. BURGUNDY ICE (‘Prose’), illus. p.181.
singly, in summer–fall. Some bloom in (‘Macangeli’). (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Slightly scented, urn- R. californica. Shrubby Species rose.
summer only from second-year wood; R. ANISLEY DICKSON (‘Dickimono’), shaped, fully double, salmon-pink flowers H 7ft (2.2m), S 6ft (2m). Fragrant, flat,
most are repeat-flowerers and also flower syn. R. ‘Dicky’. Vigorous Floribunda rose are borne singly or in clusters in summer single, lilac-pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm)
on new wood. Use as hedges, in beds and with good disease resistance. H 3ft (1m), and again in fall. Has large, dark leaves. across, are borne freely in mid-summer,
borders and as specimen plants. S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces large clusters of Z5–9 H9–5. sparsely in fall. Has small dull green leaves.
slightly scented, pointed, double, salmon- R. BLUE MOON (‘Tannacht’), syn. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Plena’. See R. nutkana ‘Plena’.
R. ‘Aimèe Vibert’, syn. R. ‘Bouquet de la pink flowers 3in (8cm) across, in summer R. ‘Mainzer Fastnacht’, R. ‘Sissi’. Hybrid R. ‘Canary Bird’. See R. xanthina ‘Canary
Mariée’. Noisette rose with smooth stems. and again in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. Tea rose of open habit. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft Bird’.
H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Bears lightly R. ANNA FORD (‘Harpiccolo’), illus. p.180. (60cm). Sweetly scented, pointed, fully R. ‘Candide’. See R. GOLDSTAR.
scented, cupped, fully double, blush-pink to R. ANNE HARKNESS (‘Harkaramel’). double, lilac flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are R. ‘Capitaine John Ingram’. Vigorous,
white flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in summer– Upright Floribunda rose with good disease borne in summer–fall. Leaves are large and bushy Moss rose. H and S 4ft (1.2m). In
fall. Leaves are glossy, dark green. May be resistance. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). dark green. Z5–9 H9–5. summer bears fragrant, cupped, fully
grown as a shrub. Z6–9 H9–6. Slightly scented, urn-shaped, amber R. ‘Bluenette’. See R. BLUE PETER double, rich maroon-crimson flowers,
R. ALAN TITCHMARSH (‘Ausjive’). Bushy flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne in (‘Ruiblun’). 3in (8cm) across; petals are paler on
Shrub rose with good disease resistance sprays of many blooms in summer and R. BLUE PETER (‘Ruiblun’), syn. reverses. Foliage is dark green. Z4–9 H9–1.
and matt foliage. H 51/2ft (1.6m), S 4ft (1.2m). again in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Bluenette’. Miniature rose of neat habit. R. ‘Cardinal de Richelieu’, illus. p.175.
Produces sweetly scented, rosette, double, R. APHRODITE (‘Tanetidor’), illus. p.178. H 14in (35cm), S 12in (30cm). Slightly R. CARDINAL HUME (‘Harregale’), illus.
deep pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with R. ‘Apothecary’s Rose’. See R. gallica scented, cupped, double, purple flowers, p.175.
lighter pink outer petals, in summer and var. officinalis. 2in (5cm) across, are produced in summer– R. CARRIS (‘Harmanna’), illus. p.180.
again in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Arthur Bell’, illus. p.182. fall. Leaves are small and plentiful. R. CASINO (‘Macca’), syn. R. ‘Gerbe d’Or’.
R. x alba ‘Semiplena’. See R. ‘Alba R. ‘Assemblage des Beautès’, syn. R. ‘Blue Rambler’. See R. ‘Veilchenblau’. Upright, free-branching Climber with
Semiplena’. R. ‘Rouge Eblouissante’. Upright, dense R. ‘Blush Noisette’. See R. ‘Noisette moderate disease resistance. H 10ft (3m),
R. ‘Alba Semiplena’, syn. R. x alba Gallica rose. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). In Carnée’. S 7ft (2.2m). Slightly scented, rounded,
‘Semiplena’. Vigorous, bushy Alba rose. summer bears faintly scented, rounded, R. ‘Blush Rambler’. Vigorous Rambler. double, yellow flowers, 31/2in (9cm) across,
H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Bears sweetly fully double, green-eyed, cerise to crimson- H 10ft (3m), S 12ft (4m). Clusters of are borne in summer and again in fall.
scented, flat, semidouble, white flowers, purple flowers, 3in (8cm) across. Has rich delicately fragrant, cupped, semidouble, Sparse, dark green leaves are produced on
3in (8cm) across, in mid-summer. Leaves green leaves. Z6–10 H10–1. light pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, are stiffly arching stems. Z5–9 H9–5.
are grayish-green. Is suitable for a hedge. R. ‘Ausmary’. See R. MARY ROSE. borne in summer. Has an abundance of R. ‘Cécile Brünner’, illus. p.186.
Z3–9 H9–1. R. ‘Ausmas’. See R. GRAHAM THOMAS. glossy leaves. Is a particularly good R. ‘Céleste’, syn. R. ‘Celestial’, illus. p.173.
R. ‘Albéric Barbier’, illus. p.184. R. ‘Austance’. See R. CONSTANCE SPRY. scrambler for an arch, pergola or tree. R. ‘Celestial’. See R. ‘Céleste’.
R. ‘Albertine’, illus. p.185. R. ‘Baby Carnival’. See R. BABY Z5–9 H9–5. R. x centifolia (Cabbage rose, Provence
R. ALEC’S RED (‘Cored’), illus. p.181. MASQUERADE (‘Tanba’). R. ‘Bobbie James’. Rampant Rambler. rose). ‘Cristata’, syn. R. ‘Chapeau de
R. ALEXANDER (‘Harlex’), syn. R. R. BABY MASQUERADE (‘Tanba’), syn. H to 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). Large clusters Napoléon’, R. ‘Cristata’ (Crested moss)
‘Alexandra’, illus. p.180. R. ‘Baby Carnival’. Dense Miniature rose of cupped, semidouble, scented, creamy- Bushy, lanky Centifolia rose. H 5ft (1.5m),
R. ‘Alexandra’. See R. ALEXANDER with good disease resistance. H and S 16in white flowers, 2in (5cm) across, are S 4ft (1.2m). In summer, very fragrant,
(‘Harlex’). (40cm), more if not pruned. Bears clusters produced in summer. Glossy leaves are cupped, fully double, pink flowers, 31/2in
R. ‘Alfred de Dalmas’ of gardens. See of rosette, double, yellow-pink flowers, 1in reddish-green when young, mid-green (9cm) across, with tufted sepals, are borne
R. ‘Mousseline’. (2.5cm) across, in summer and again in fall. when mature. on nodding stems amid dull green foliage.
R. ALIBABA (‘Chewalibaba’), illus. p.187. Has plentiful, leathery leaves. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Bonica ’82’. See R. BONICA May be grown on a support. ‘Muscova’
R. ALISSAR PRINCESS OF PHONECIA R. banksiae, syn. R. banksiae var. (‘Meidomonac’). (Common moss, Old pink moss) is a
(‘Harsidon’), illus. p.174. normalis (Lady Banks’ rose). Climbing R. BONICA (‘Meidomonac’), syn. vigorous, lax Moss rose with dense moss
R. ‘ALISTER STELLA GRAY’, syn. R. ‘Golden Species rose with good disease resistance. R. ‘Bonica ’82’. Vigorous, spreading shrub on stems and calyces. Bears rounded to
Rambler’. Noisette rose with long,

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ROSA

Q cupped, mossed, pink flowers, 8cm (3in) R. ‘Compassion’, syn. R. ‘Belle de H and S 20in (50cm). In summer–fall bears H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall
R across. Leaves are matt, dull green. Londres’, illus. p.185. faintly scented, cupped, double, bright bears fragrant, rounded, double, shrimp-
R. ‘Cerise Bouquet’. Very vigorous R. ‘Complicata’, illus. p.174. crimson flowers, 2in (5cm) across, in dense pink flowers amid dark green, glossy
684 Shrub rose of arching habit. H and S to R. ‘Comte de Chambord’ of gardens. sprays. Has abundant, small, dark green foliage. Is good for a bed or hedge.
11ft (3.5m). Produces masses of flat, See R. ‘Madame Knorr’. leaves. Makes a good, low hedge. Z4–11 H12–1.
semidouble, cherry-red flowers, 21/2in R. CONGRATULATIONS (‘Korlift’), syn. R. DUBLIN BAY (‘Macdub’), illus. p.186. R. ‘Felicia’, illus. p.173.
(6cm) across, in summer. Leaves are small R. ‘Sylvia’. Upright, vigorous Hybrid Tea R. ‘Duchesse d’Istrie’. See R. ‘William R. ‘Félicité Parmentier’. Vigorous,
and grayish-green. Z5–9 H9–5. rose. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Produces Lobb’. compact, upright Alba rose. H 4ft (1.2m),
R. CHAMPAGNE COCKTAIL (‘Horflash’). neat, urn-shaped, fully double, deep rose- R. ‘Duftzauber ’84’. See R. ROYAL WILLIAM S 3ft (1m). Fragrant, cupped to flat, fully
Upright Floribunda rose with very good pink flowers, 41/2in (11cm) across, on long (‘Korzaun’). double, pale flesh-pink flowers, 21/2in (6cm)
disease resistance. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). stems in summer–fall. Leaves are large R. ‘Du Maître d’Ecole’. Bushy, across, are borne in mid-summer. Has
Fragrant, cupped, double, yellow-pink and dark green. Makes a tall hedge. Z5–9 spreading Gallica rose. H 4ft (1.2m), abundant, grayish-green leaves. Makes
flowers, 31/2in (9cm) across, opening wide H9–5. S 3ft (1m). Bears fragrant, quartered- a good hedge. Z3–9 H9–3.
are borne in summer and again in fall. R. ‘Conrad Ferdinand Meyer’. rosette, fully double, carmine to light pink R. ‘Félicité Perpétue’, illus. p.184.
Z5–9 H9–5. Vigorous, arching shrub rose with good flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in summer. R. FELICITY KENDAL (‘Lanken’). Sturdy,
R. CHAMPAGNE MOMENTS (‘Korvanaber’), disease resistance. H 8ft (2.5m), S 4ft Foliage is dull green. well-branched Hybrid Tea rose. H 31/2ft
illus. p.177. (1.2m). Cupped, fully double, pink flowers, R. ‘Dupontii’, syn. R. moschata var. nivea, (1.1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Lightly fragrant,
R. CHANDOS BEAUTY (‘Harmisty’), illus. 3in (7cm) across, are richly fragrant and illus. p.173. rounded, fully double, bright red flowers,
p.178. borne freely in a single flush in summer. R. ‘Easlea’s Golden Rambler’. 41/2in (11cm) across, are produced among a
R. ‘Chapeau de Napoléon’. See R. x Foliage is leathery and prone to rust. Z4–9 Vigorous, arching Rambler. H 15ft (5m), mass of dark green foliage in summer–fall.
centifolia ‘Cristata’. H9–1. S 10ft (3m). Scented, cupped, fully double, R. ‘Fellemberg’, syn. R. ‘Fellenberg’.
R. ‘Chaplin’s Pink Companion’, illus. R. CONSTANCE SPRY (‘Austance’), illus. yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) across and Vigorous, shrubby Noisette rose. H 8ft
p.185. p.174. flecked with red, are produced, usually (2.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Leaves are purplish-
R. CHARLES DARWIN (‘Auspeet’). Bushy R. CRAZY FOR YOU (‘Wekroalt’), illus. in clusters, in summer. Has plentiful, green. Clusters of faintly scented, rounded
shrub rose with very good disease p.179. leathery foliage. to cupped, fully double flowers, 2in (5cm)
resistance and glossy, light green foliage. R. ‘Cristata’. See R. x centifolia ‘Cristata’. R. ‘Easter Morn’. See R. ‘Easter Morning’. across, in shades of light crimson, are
H 6ft (1.8m), S 4ft (1.2m). Quartered-rosette, R. ‘Cuisse de Nymphe’. See R. ‘Great R. ‘Easter Morning’, syn. R. ‘Easter borne in summer–fall. Prune to grow as
fully double, golden-yellow flowers, 4in Maiden’s Blush’. Morn’. Upright Miniature rose. H 16in a bedding rose or support as a climber.
(10cm) across, with occasional pink flush R. DANCING QUEEN (‘Fryfestoon’), illus. (40cm), S 10in (25cm). In summer–fall, R. ‘Fellenberg’. See R. ‘Fellemberg’.
on outer petals, are borne in summer and p.186. faintly fragrant, urn-shaped, fully double, R. FELLOWSHIP (‘Harwelcome’), illus.
again in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Danse du Feu’, syn. R. ‘Spectacular’. ivory-white flowers, 11/4in (3cm) across, p.183.
R. ‘Charles de Mills’, syn. R. ‘Bizarre Vigorous, stiffly branched Climber with are borne freely amid glossy, dark green R. filipes ‘Kiftsgate’, illus. p.184.
Triomphant’. Upright, arching Gallica rose moderate disease resistance. H and S 8ft leaves. R. ‘Fire Princess’. Upright Miniature
with fairly smooth stems. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (2.5m). Slightly scented, rounded, double, R. EASY DOES IT (‘Harpagent’), illus. p.183. rose with good disease rsistance. H 18in
(1m). Very fragrant, quartered-rosette, fully scarlet flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne R. EASY GOING (‘Harglow’), illus. p.182. (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears sprays of
double, crimson-purple flowers, 4in (10cm) in summer and again in fall. Has abundant, R. ecae. Erect, wiry Species rose with rosette, fully double, scarlet flowers,
across, are borne in summer. Leaves are glossy foliage. Z5–9 H9–5. very good disease resistance. H 5ft (1.5m), 11/2in (4cm) across, in summer and again
plentiful and mid-green. May be grown on R. DARCEY BUSSELL (‘Ausdecorum’). S 4ft (1.2m). Cupped, single, bright yellow in fall. Has small, glossy leaves. Z5–9 H9–5.
a support. Z3–9 H9–1. Compact Shrub rose with good disease flowers, 3/4in (2cm) across, with light musky R. FLOWER CARPET (‘Noatraum’), illus.
R. ‘Chewarvel’. See R. LAURA FORD. resistance and matt, mid-green leaves. scent, are borne close to reddish stems in p.179.
R. chinensis var. minima. See H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Fragrant, a single flush in summer. Foliage is fernlike. R. foetida ‘Persiana’, syn. R. ‘Persian
R. ‘Rouletii’. ‘Mutabilis’. See R. x odorata quartered-rosette, fully double, crimson Needs shelter. Z7–9 H9–7. Yellow’. Upright, arching Species rose
‘Mutabilis’. flowers, 4in (10cm) across, aging to purple R. eglanteria. See R. rubiginosa. with moderate disease resistance. H and
R. CITY OF LONDON (‘Harukfore’). shades, are produced in summer and again R. ELINA (‘Dicjana’), syn. R. ‘Peaudouce’. S 5ft (1.5m). Cupped, double, yellow
Rounded Floribunda rose. H 3ft (1m), in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. Vigorous, shrubby Hybrid Tea rose. H 31/2ft flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, are produced in
S 21/2ft (75cm). In summer–fall bears dainty R. DARLING FLAME (‘Meilucca’). Well- (1.1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Lightly scented, a single flush in summer. Glossy leaves are
sprays of sweet-smelling, urn-shaped, branched Miniature rose. H 16in (40cm), rounded, fully double, ivory-white flowers, prone to blackspot. Prune spent branches
double, blush-pink flowers, 3in (8cm) S 12in (30cm). Leaves are glossy and dark 6in (15cm) across, with lemon-yellow only. Shelter from cold winds. Z3–9 H9–1.
across, amid bright green foliage. Z5–9 green. Urn-shaped, double, orange-red centers, are borne freely in summer–fall. R. ‘Fortune’s Double Yellow’. See
H9–5. flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, are borne Has abundant, reddish foliage. Z4–11 R. x odorata ‘Pseudindica’.
R. ‘Climbing Lady Hillingdon’. Stiff freely in summer–fall. Z5–9 H9–5. H12–1. R. FRAGRANT CLOUD (‘Tanellis’). Bushy,
climbing Tea rose. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m). R. ‘Dicdance’. See R. BRIGHT SMILE. R. ‘Elizabeth Harkness’. Neat, upright dense Hybrid Tea rose. H 30in (75cm),
Has dark green leaves on reddish-green R. ‘Dicdivine’. See R. POT O’ GOLD. Hybrid Tea rose with moderate disease S 24in (60cm). Very fragrant, rounded,
stems. Bears spice-scented, pointed, R. ‘Dicgrow’. See R. PEEK-A-BOO. resistance. H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm). double, dusky-scarlet flowers, 5in (12cm)
double, apricot-yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) R. ‘Dicjana’. See R. ELINA. Fragrant, pointed, fully double, buff-tinted, across, are borne freely in summer–fall.
across, in summer–fall. Is best in a R. ‘Dicjem’. See R. FREEDOM. pale creamy-pink flowers, 5in (12cm) Has plentiful, dark green foliage. Z4–11
sheltered site. Z6–9 H9–6. R. ‘Dicjubell’. See R. LOVELY LADY. across, are borne in summer and again H12–1.
R. ‘Climbing Mrs. Sam McGredy’. R. ‘Dickimono’. See R. ANISLEY DICKSON. in fall. Has abundant, dark green foliage. R. ‘Fragrant Delight’. Bushy Floribunda
Vigorous, stiff, branching Climber. H and R. ‘Dicky’. See R. ANISLEY DICKSON Z5–9 H9–5. rose of uneven habit. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft
S 10ft (3m). Leaves are glossy, rich reddish- (‘Dickimono’). R. ‘Emily Gray’, illus. p.187. (75cm). Clusters of fragrant, urn-shaped,
green. Bears faintly fragrant, large, urn- R. ‘Diclulu’. See R. GENTLE TOUCH. R. ‘Empereur du Maroc’. Compact, double, salmon-pink flowers, 3in (8cm)
shaped, fully double, coppery salmon-pink R. ‘Dicmagic’. See R. SWEET MAGIC. shrubby Hybrid Perpetual rose with good across, are borne freely in summer–fall
flowers, 41/2in (11cm) across, in summer R. ‘Doris Tysterman’. Vigorous, upright disease resistance. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). amid abundant, reddish-green foliage.
and again, sparsely, in fall. Z4–9 H9–4. Hybrid Tea rose with moderate disease Fragrant, quartered-rosette, fully double, Z5–9 H9–5.
R. COLIBRE ’79 (‘Meidanover’). Upright, resistance. H 4ft (1.2m), S 21/2ft (75cm). rich purplish-crimson flowers, 3in (8cm) R. ‘François Juranville’. Vigorous,
rather open Miniature rose with good Slightly scented, pointed, fully double, across, are borne freely in a single flush arching Rambler. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m).
disease resistance. H 15in (38cm), S 10in orange-red flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are in summer. Z5–9 H9–5. Bears clusters of apple-scented, rosette,
(25cm). Urn-shaped, double, red-veined, borne in summer and again in fall. Leaves R. ESCAPADE (‘Harpade’). Dense fully double, rosy-salmon-pink flowers,
orange flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, are are large, glossy and dark green. Z5–9 Floribunda rose with good disease 3in (8cm) across, in summer. Produces a
borne in summer and again in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. resistance. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). mass of glossy leaves. Is prone to mildew
H9–5. R. ‘Dortmund’, illus. p.186. Fragrant, cupped, semidouble, rose-violet in a dry site. Z5–9 H9–5.
R. ‘Commandant Beaurepaire’, syn. R. DOUBLE DELIGHT (‘Andeli’), illus. flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with white eyes, R. ‘Fredensborg’. See R. FASCINATION
R. ‘Panachée d’Angers’. Vigorous, p.180. are borne in sprays in summer and again (‘Poulmax’).
spreading Bourbon rose. H and S 4ft (1.2m). R. ‘Double Velvet’. See R. ‘Tuscany in fall. Foliage is light green and glossy. R. FREEDOM (‘Dicjem’), illus. p.182.
Fragrant, cupped, double, blush-pink Superb’. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Friesia’. See R. ‘Korresia’.
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, splashed with R. ‘Doux Parfum’. See R. L’AIMANT R. EVELYN (‘Aussaucer’), illus. p.177. R. ‘Frühlingsmorgen’, syn. R. ‘Spring
mauve, purple, crimson and scarlet, are (‘Harzola’). R. ‘Fantin-Latour’, illus. p.173. Morning’. Open, free-branching Shrub
borne in summer–fall. Light green leaflets R. DRUMMER BOY (‘Harvacity’). Dwarf R. FASCINATION (‘Poulmax’), syn. R. rose. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Foliage is
have wavy margins. Z6–9 H9–1. Floribunda rose of bushy, spreading habit. ‘Fredensborg’. Vigorous Floribunda rose. grayish-green. In late spring, hay-scented,

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cupped, single, pink flowers, 5in (12cm) H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). In summer and borne in clusters in summer and again in sparse, reddish-green foliage. Z5–9 H9–5. Q
across, with primrose center and reddish again in fall, abundant, plump, rounded fall. Has glossy, dark green leaves. Z5–9 R. INGRID BERGMAN (‘Poulman’). Upright, R
stamens, are produced. Z4–9 H9–4. buds open to slightly scented, rosette, fully H9–5. branching Hybrid Tea rose. H 30in (75cm),
R. ‘Fryminicot’. See R. SWEET DREAM. double, golden-yellow flowers, 5in (12cm) R. HANNAH GORDON (‘Korweiso’). Bushy, S 24in (60cm). Bears slightly scented, urn- 685
R. gallica var. officinalis, syn. R. across, taking on pink hues as they age. open Floribunda rose. H 30in (75cm), shaped, double, dark red flowers, 41/2in
‘Apothecary’s Rose’, R. officinalis Z5–9 H9–5. S 2ft (60cm). Sprays of slightly fragrant, (11cm) across, in summer–fall. Has leathery,
(Apothecary’s rose, Crimson damask rose, R. GOLDEN MEMORIES (‘Korholesea’), cupped, double, blush-pink flowers, 3in semi-glossy, dark green foliage. Z5–9 H9–5.
Provins rose, Red rose of Lancaster). Bushy illus. p.182. (8cm) across, margined with reddish-pink, R. ‘Interall’. See R. ROSY CUSHION.
Species rose of neat habit. H to 32in (80cm), R. GOLDEN PENNY (‘Rugul’), syn. R. are produced in summer–fall. Leaves are R. INVINCIBLE (‘Runatru’). Upright
S 36in (1m). In summer bears flat, ‘Guletta’, R. ‘Tapis Jaune’. Compact, dense dark green. Z4–11 H12–1. Floribunda rose. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
semidouble, pinkish-red flowers, 3in (8cm) Patio rose with moderate disease R. ‘Harbabble’. See R. SUNSET BOULEVARD. Faintly scented, cupped, fully double,
across, with moderate scent. Z3–9 H9–1. resistance. H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm). R. ‘Hardinkum’. See R. PRINCESS OF bright crimson flowers, 31/2in (9cm) across,
‘Versicolor’, illus. p.174. Cupped to flat, double, yellow flowers, WALES. are produced in open clusters in summer–
R. GARDENERS GLORY (‘Chewability’), 2in (5cm) across, are borne in summer R. ‘Hardwell’. See R. PENNY LANE. fall. Leaves are semi-glossy.
illus. p.187. and again in fall. Has rich green leaves. R. ‘Harkaramel’. See R. ANNE HARKNESS. R. ‘Irish Gold’. See R. ‘Grandpa Dickson’.
R. ‘Gaumo’. See R. ROSE GAUJARD. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Harkuly’. See R. MARGARET MERRIL. R. ISN’T SHE LOVELY (‘Diciluvit’), illus.
R. GENTLE TOUCH (‘Diclulu’). Upright, R. ‘Golden Rambler’. See R. ‘Alister R. ‘Harlex’. See R. ALEXANDER. p.177.
dwarf Floribunda rose. H 20in (50cm), Stella Gray’. R. ‘Harmantelle’. See R. MOUNTABATTEN. R. ‘Ispahan’, syn. R. ‘Pompon des
S 12in (30cm). Bears sprays of faintly R. ‘Golden Showers’. Stiff, upright R. ‘Harpade’. See R. ESCAPADE. Princes’, R. ‘Rose d’Isfahan’. Vigorous,
scented, urn-shaped, semidouble, pale Climber with moderate disease resistance. R. ‘Harpiccolo’. See R. ANNA FORD. bushy, dense Damask rose. H 5ft (1.5m),
salmon-pink flowers, 2in (5cm) across, in H 6ft (2m), S 7ft (2.2m) or more. In summer R. ‘Harquanne’. See R. BREATH OF LIFE. S 4ft (1.2m). Produces fragrant, cupped,
summer–fall. Leaves are small and dark and again in fall produces many slightly R. ‘Harqueterwife’. See R. PAUL SHIRVILLE. double, clear pink flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
green. Is good as a low hedge. Z5–9 H9–5. scented, pointed, double, yellow flowers, R. ‘Harregale’. See R. CARDINAL HUME. amid grayish-green foliage in summer–fall.
R. GEOFF HAMILTON (‘Ausham’). Bushy 4in (10cm) across, that open flat. May be R. ‘Harroony’. See R. AMBER QUEEN. Z4–9 H9–1.
Shrub rose with good disease resistance pruned to grow as a shrub. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Harrowbond’. See R. ROSEMARY R. JACQUELINE DU PRE (‘Harwanna’),
and most flowers produced near top of R. ‘Golden Sunblaze’. See R. ‘Rise ’n’ HARKNESS. illus. p.172.
bush. H 51/2ft (1.6m), S 3ft (1m). Rounded Shine’. R. ‘Harsherry’. See R. SHEILA’S PERFUME. R. JOIE DE VIVRE (‘Korfloci 01’), illus.
buds open to sweetly scented, quartered- R. ‘Golden Wings’. Bushy, spreading R. ‘Harukfore’. See R. CITY OF LONDON. p.179.
rosette, double, light rose-pink flowers, Shrub rose. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 41/2ft (1.35m). R. ‘Harvacity’. See R. DRUMMER BOY. R. JULIA CHILD (‘Wekvossutono’), illus.
4in (10cm) across, intensifying to rose-pink Bears fragrant, cupped, single, pale yellow R. ‘Harwanna’. See R. JACQUELINE DU PRE. p.182.
in centers, in summer and again in fall. flowers, 5in (12cm) across, amid light green R. ‘Harwanted’. See R. MANY HAPPY R. ‘Julia’s Rose’. Spindly, branching
Z5–9 H9–5. foliage, in summer–fall. Is good for a hedge. RETURNS. Hybrid Tea rose. H 30in (75cm), S 18in
R. GEORGE BEST (‘Dichimanher’), illus. Z4–9 H9–1. R. ‘Haryup’. See R. HIGH HOPES. (45cm). In summer–fall produces faintly
p.181. R. ‘Goldfinch’. Vigorous, arching R. ‘Harzola’. See R. L’AIMANT. scented, urn-shaped, double, brownish-
R. ‘Geranium’. See R. moyesii Rambler. H 9ft (2.7m), S 6ft (2m). In summer R. ‘Heartthrob’. See R. PAUL SHIRVILLE pink to buff flowers, 4in (10cm) across.
‘Geranium’. produces lightly scented, rosette, double, (‘Harqueterwife’). Foliage is reddish-green. Is good for cut
R. ‘Gerbe d’Or’. See R. CASINO (‘Macca’). yolk-yellow flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, R. ‘Heideröslein’. See R. ‘Nozomi’. flowers. Z5–9 H9–1.
R. GERTRUDE JEKYLL (‘Ausbord’), illus. that fade to white. Has plentiful, bright R. ‘Henri Martin’, illus. p.175. R. ‘Just Joey’, illus. p.183.
p.175. light green leaves. Z5–9 H9–5. R. HERTFORDSHIRE (‘Kortenay’). Free- R. ‘Kathleen Harrop’. Arching, lax
R. ‘Gioia’. See R. PEACE (‘Madame A. R. ‘Gold of Ophir’. See R. x odorata flowering Groundcover rose of compact, Bourbon rose. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m).
Meilland’). ‘Pseudindica’. uneven, spiky habit. H 18in (45cm), Fragrant, double, cupped, pale pink
R. ‘Gipsy Boy’. See R. ‘Zigeunerknabe’. R. ‘Goldsmith’. See R. SIMBA (‘Korbelma’). S 3ft (1m). Has dense, bright green leaves flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne in
R. GLAMIS CASTLE (‘Auslevel’). Compact R. GOLDSTAR (‘Candide’). Neat, upright and flat, single, carmine-pink flowers, summer–fall. Plentiful, dark green foliage
Shrub rose with good disease resistance Hybrid Tea rose. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). 13/4in (4.5cm) across, with paler pink is susceptible to mildew. May be grown as
and glossy, mid-green leaves. H 5ft (1.5m), Amid glossy, dark green leaves, lightly centers, in large clusters on short stems, a climber or hedge. Z6–9 H9–6.
S 4ft (1.2m). Produces fragrant, quartered- scented, urn-shaped, fully double, yellow in summer–fall. Z5–9 H9–5. R. KEEPSAKE (‘Kormalda’). Neat, bushy
rosette, fully double, cream-centered, white flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne in R. HIGH HOPES (‘Haryup’), illus. p.185. Hybrid Tea rose with good disease
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in summer and summer–fall. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Honorine de Brabant’. Vigorous, resistance. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm).
again in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. R. GORDON’S COLLEGE (‘Cocjabby’), illus. bushy, sprawling Bourbon rose. H and Scented, rounded, fully double, pink
R. glauca, syn. R. rubrifolia, illus. p.176. p.179. S 6ft (2m). Fragrant, quartered, double flowers, 5in (12cm) across, are freely
Vigorous, arching Species rose with very R. GRAHAM THOMAS (‘Ausmas’), illus. flowers, 4in (10cm) across, lilac-pink, produced in summer and again in fall.
good disease resistance. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft p.176. marked with light purple and crimson, are Foliage is plentiful and glossy. Z5–9 H9–5.
(1.5m). Flat, single, pale-centered, cerise- R. ‘Grandpa Dickson’, syn. R. ‘Irish produced in summer–fall. Has plentiful, R. KENT (‘Poulcov’), illus. p.177.
pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, with gold Gold’. Neat, upright Hybrid Tea rose with light green foliage. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Königin von Dänemark’, syn.
stamens, in a single flush in summer, are moderate disease resistance. H 32in (80cm), R. ‘Horflash’. See R. CHAMPAGNE COCKTAIL. R. ‘Belle Courtisanne’. Vigorous, rather
followed by red hips in fall. Has grayish- S 24in (60cm). Bears many pointed, fully R. HOT COCOA (‘Wekpaltlez’). Upright open Alba rose with good disease
purple leaves and red stems. Z2–8 H8–1. double, light yellow flowers, 7in (18cm) Floribunda rose with good disease resistance. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m).
R. ‘Glenfiddich’. Upright Floribunda across, in summer and again in fall. Has resistance and repeat-flowering in Scented, quartered-rosette, fully double,
rose with moderate disease resistance. sparse, glossy, pale green leaves. Z5–9 summer–fall. H 3ft (1m), S 32in (80cm). warm-pink flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with
H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). Fragrant, H9–5. Produces semi-glossy, dark green leaves green button eyes, are produced in a single
urn-shaped, double, amber-yellow flowers, R. ‘Great Maiden’s Blush’, syn. and cupped, double flowers, 3in (7cm) flush in summer. Z3–9 H9–1.
4in (10cm) across, are borne singly or in R. ‘Cuisse de Nymphe’, R. ‘La Séduisante’, across, in burnt-orange, tending towards R. ‘Korbelma’. See R. SIMBA.
clusters in summer and again in fall. illus. p.173. brown, lighter in centers with hint of R. ‘Korbin’. See R. ICEBERG.
Z5–9 H9–5. R. GROUSE (‘Korimro’). Trailing tangerine. H5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Korblue’. See R. SHOCKING BLUE.
R. ‘Gloire de Dijon’, illus. p.184. Groundcover rose with good disease R. ‘Hula Girl’. Wide, bushy Miniature R. ‘Korgund’. See R. LOVING MEMORY.
R. ‘Gloire des Mousseux’. Vigorous, resistance. H 11/2ft (45cm), S 10ft (3m). rose with moderate disease resistance. R. ‘Korimro’. See R. GROUSE.
bushy Moss rose. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Slightly fragrant, flat, single, blush-pink H 18in (45cm), S 16in (40cm). Urn-shaped, R. ‘Korlift’. See R. CONGRATULATIONS.
Has plentiful, light green foliage. In flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, are borne close fully double, salmon-orange flowers, R. ‘Kormalda’. See R. Keepsake.
summer bears fragrant, cupped, fully to stems in a single flush in summer. Has 1in (2.5cm) across, are produced freely in R. ‘Korpeahn’. See R. The Times Rose.
double flowers, 6in (15cm) across. These abundant, glossy foliage. Z5–9 H9–6. summer and again in fall. Has glossy, dark R. ‘Korresia’, syn. R. ‘Friesia’. Bushy,
are bright pink, paling to blush-pink, with R. ‘Guinée’, illus. p.186. green leaves. Z5–9 H9–5. upright Floribunda rose with moderate
light green “mossing”. Z5–9 H9–1. R. ‘Guletta’. See R. GOLDEN PENNY (‘Rugul’). R. ICEBERG (‘Korbin’), syn. disease resistance. H 30in (75cm), S 24in
R. ‘Gloria Dei’. See R. PEACE (‘Madame R. GUY SAVOY (‘Delstrimen’), illus. p.181. R. ‘Schneewittchen’, illus. p.177. (60cm). Bears open sprays of strongly
A. Meilland’). R. GUY’S GOLD (‘Harmatch’), illus. p.182. R. ‘Iced Ginger’. Upright Floribunda scented, urn-shaped, double flowers, 3in
R. GOLDEN BEAUTY (‘Korberbeni’), illus. R. HANDEL (‘Macha’). Stiff, upright rose with moderate disease resistance. (8cm) across, with wavy, yellow petals, in
p.182. Climber with moderate disease resistance. H 36in (90cm), S 28in (70cm). Pointed, fully summer and again in fall. Z5–9 H9–5.
R. GOLDEN CELEBRATION (‘Ausgold’). H 10ft (3m), S 7ft (2.2m). Slightly scented, double, buff to copper-pink flowers, 41/2in R. ‘Kortenay’. See R. HERTFORTDSHIRE.
Bushy Shrub rose with good disease urn-shaped, double, cream flowers, 3in (11cm) across, are borne singly or in R. ‘Korweiso’. See R. HANNAH GORDON.
resistance and glossy, mid-green leaves. (8cm) across, edged with pinkish-red, are clusters in summer and again in fall. Has R. ‘Korzaun’. See R. ROYAL WILLIAM.

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ROSA

Q R. L’AIMANT (‘Harzola’), syn. R. ‘Doux R. ‘Macdub’. See R. DUBLIN BAY. R. ‘Meilucca’. See R. DARLING FLAME. R. ‘Noisette Carnée’, syn. R. ‘Blush
R Parfum’. Vigorous Floribunda rose. R. ‘Macha’. See R. HANDEL. R. MEREDITH (‘Wekmeredoc’), illus. Noisette’. Noisette rose of branching habit
H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Strongly fragrant, R. ‘Macmi’. See R. MISCHIEF. p.179. and lax growth. H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 6–8ft
686 cupped, fully double, pink blooms, 31/2in R. ‘Macrexy’. See R. SEXY REXY. R. ‘Mermaid’, illus. p.187. (2–2.5m). In summer–fall, smooth stems
(9cm) across, are produced in summer–fall R. macrophylla. Vigorous Species rose. R. ‘Mignon’. See R. ‘Cécile Brünner’. bear clusters of spice-scented, cupped,
on dark-foliaged plants. Is good as a H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m). Bears moderately R. MISCHIEF (‘Macmi’). Upright Hybrid double, blush-pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm)
bedding plant or as cut flowers. fragrant, flat, single, red flowers, 2in (5cm) Tea rose. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). across. Has matt foliage. May be grown
R. ‘Lady Waterlow’. Stiff Climbing across, in summer, followed by flask- Moderately fragrant, urn-shaped, double, as a shrub. Z6–9.
Hybrid Tea rose. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m). shaped, red hips. Has red stems and large, salmon-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are R. NOSTALGIA (‘Taneiglat’), illus. p.179.
Bears scented, pointed to cupped, double, mid-green leaves. Z5–9 H9–1. borne freely in summer–fall. Leaves are R. ‘Nozomi’, syn. R. ‘Heideröslein’.
light pink shaded, salmon flowers, 5in R. ‘Mactru’. See R. TRUMPETER. plentiful but prone to rust. Z5–9 H9–5. Creeping, Groundcover rose with good
(12cm) across, mainly in summer, but some R. ‘Madame Alfred Carrière’, illus. R. MOLINEUX (‘Ausmol’). Compact Shrub disease resistance. H 11/2ft (45cm),
may also appear in fall. Leaves are mid- p.184. rose with very good disease resistance and S 4ft (1.2m). Bears slightly scented, flat,
green. R. ‘Madame A. Meilland’. See R. PEACE. shiny, mid-green foliage. H 5ft (1.5m), single, blush-pink and white flowers, 1in
R. LANCASHIRE (‘Korstesgli’), illus. p.181. R. ‘Madame de Stella’. See R. ‘Louise S 4ft (1.2m). Slightly scented, rosette, (2.5cm) across, close to stems in a single
R. ‘Lanken’. See R. FELICITY KENDAL. Odier’. canary-yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) across, flush in summer. Has small, dark green
R. ‘La Séduisante’. See R. ‘Great R. ‘Madame Ernest Calvat’. Vigorous, with slightly paler outer petals, are leaves. Is suitable for a container. Z5–9
Maiden’s Blush’. arching Bourbon rose. H 6–10ft (2–3m), produced in summer and again in fall. H9–5.
R. LA SÉVILLANA (‘Meigekanu’). Dense, S 6ft (2m). Fragrant, cupped to quartered- Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Nuits de Young’, syn. R. ‘Old Black’.
bushy Groundcover rose. H 21/2ft (75cm), rosette, fully double, rose-pink flowers, R. ‘Morning Jewel’. Free-branching Erect Moss rose with wiry stems. H 4ft
S 3ft (1m). Clusters of faintly scented, 6in (15cm) across, are borne freely in Climber. H 8ft (2.5m), S 7ft (2.2m). Has (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). In summer has slightly
cupped, double, bright red flowers, 3in summer–fall. Has plentiful, large leaves. plentiful, glossy foliage and cupped, scented, double, flat, dark maroon-purple
(8cm) across, are borne freely in summer– Z6–9 H9–1. double, bright pink flowers, 31/2in (9cm) flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with brownish
fall. Produces masses of dark green leaves. R. ‘Madame Grégoire Staechelin’, syn. across, freely borne, usually in clusters, “mossing”. Leaves are small and dark
Is suitable for growing as a hedge or R. ‘Spanish Beauty’, illus. p.185. in summer–fall. May be pruned to a shrub. green. Z4–9 H9–1.
groundcover. Z6–9 H9–5. R. ‘Madame Hardy’, illus. p.172. Z5–9 H9–1. R. nutkana ‘Plena’, syn. R. californica
R. LAURA FORD (‘Chewarvel’), illus. R. ‘Madame Hébert’. See R. ‘Président R. ‘Morsherry’. See R. SHERI ANNE. ‘Plena’. Robust Species rose. H to 10ft (3m),
p.187. de Sèze’. R. moschata var. nivea. See R. ‘Dupontii’. S 6ft (2m). Fragrant, cupped, semidouble,
R. L.D. BRAITHWAITE (‘Auscrim’). Lax, R. ‘Madame Isaac Pereire’, illus. p.174. R. MOUNTBATTEN (‘Harmantelle’), illus. pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, are borne
open Shrub rose with moderate disease R. ‘Madame Knorr’, syn. R. ‘Comte de p.182. singly in summer. Has toothed, mid-green
resistance and dull, mid-green leaves. Chambord’. Vigorous, erect Portland rose. R. ‘Mousseline’, syn. R. ‘Alfred de leaves. Z3–9 H9–1.
H 6ft (1.8m), S 4ft (1.2m). Scented, H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). In summer–fall, Dalmas’. Bushy Moss rose with twiggy R. ‘Ocaru’. See R. ANGELA RIPPON.
quartered-rosette, fully double, deep fragrant, quartered-rosette, fully double, growth. H and S 3ft (1m). Mainly in summer R. x odorata ‘Mutabilis’, syn.
crimson flowers, 5in (12cm) across, fading lilac-tinted, pink flowers, 4in (10cm) across, bears scented, cupped, fully double, blush- R. chinensis ‘Mutabilis’ illus. p.174.
to lighter crimson, are produced sparingly are produced amid plentiful, light green pink flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with little ‘Pallida’, illus. p.174. ‘Pseudindica’, syn.
in summer and again in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. foliage. Is suitable for a hedge. Z5–9 H9–5. “mossing”. Has matt green leaves. Z6–9 R. ‘Beauty of Glazenwood’, R. ‘Fortune’s
R. ‘Leggab’. See R. PEARL DRIFT. R. ‘Madame Pierre Oger’. Lax Bourbon H9–1. Double Yellow’, R. ‘Gold of Ophir’, R. ‘San
R. ‘Legnews’. See R. NEWS. rose. H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m). In summer– R. moyesii. Vigorous, arching Species Rafael Rose’ is a lax Climber of restrained
R. ‘Lenip’. See R. PASCALI. fall, slender stems bear sweetly scented, rose. H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m). In summer, growth. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5m). In
R. LIGHT FANTASTIC (‘Dicgottago’). cupped or bowl-shaped, double, pink faintly scented, flat, single, dusky-scarlet summer bears small clusters of scented,
Compact, bushy Floribunda rose with good flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with rose-lilac flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with yellow pointed to cupped, semidouble, copper-
disease resistance and repeat-flowering tints. Has light green leaves. Grows well stamens, are borne close to branches. suffused, yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across.
in summer–fall. H and S 21/2ft (75cm). on a pillar. Z6–9. Produces long, red hips in fall. Sparse, Leaves are glossy, light green. Prune very
Produces clusters of up to 9 rosette, double, R. MAID OF HONOUR (‘Jacwhink’), illus. small, dark green leaves are divided into lightly. Z8–9 H9–8.
lemon-yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across. p.178. 7–13 leaflets. Z4–9 H9–3. ‘Geranium’, syn. R. officinalis. See R. gallica var. officinalis.
Has glossy, light green leaves. R. ‘Maigold’, illus. p.187. R. ‘Geranium’ (illus. p.176), H 10ft (3m), R. ‘Old Black’. See R. ‘Nuits de Young’.
R. LITTLE RAMBLER (‘Chewramb’). R. ‘Mainzer Fastnacht’. See R. BLUE S 8ft (2.5m), has large, red hips. Z6–9 H9–1. R. ‘Omar Khayyám’. Dense, prickly
Climber with very good disease resistance MOON (‘Tannacht’). R. ‘Mrs. John Laing’, illus. p.174. Damask rose. H and S 3ft (1m). Fragrant,
and repeat-flowering in summer–fall. H 5ft R. MANY HAPPY RETURNS (‘Harwanted’), R. multibracteata, illus. p.176. Rounded, quartered-rosette, fully double, light pink
(1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Produces small, glossy, illus. p.178. bushy Species rose with good disease flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne amid
light green leaves and tight clusters of R. ‘Maréchal Davoust’. Vigorous, bushy resistance. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Thin downy, grayish foliage in summer. Z5–9
moderately scented, cupped, semidouble, Moss rose. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). In stems have abundant, small, gray-green H9–1.
rose-pink flowers, 2in (5cm) across, fading summer bears moderately fragrant, leaves. Slightly scented, flat, single, pink R. omeiensis f. pteracantha. See
to pale pink with lilac hue. cupped, fully double, deep reddish-pink to flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with hint of lilac, R. sericea subsp. omeiensis f. pteracantha.
R. ‘Louise Odier’, syn. R. ‘Madame de purple flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with and many bracts on stem behind each R. ‘Opa Potschke’. See R. ‘Precious
Stella’. Upright Bourbon rose. H 6ft (2m), green eye and brownish “mossing”. Leaves flower, are borne in a single flush in Platinum’.
S 4ft (1.2m). Has light grayish-green foliage are dull green and lance-shaped. Z5–9 summer and are followed by small, R. ‘Ophelia’. Upright, open Hybrid Tea
and fragrant, cupped, fully double, warm H9–1. rounded hips in fall–winter. Z7–9 H9–7. rose. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–
rose-pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across, borne R. ‘Maréchal Niel’. Vigorous, spreading R. ‘National Trust’. Compact Hybrid fall produces sweetly fragrant, urn-shaped,
in summer–fall. Z3–9 H9–1. Noisette or climbing Hybrid Tea rose. Tea rose. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). double, creamy-blush-pink flowers, 4in
R. LOVELY LADY (‘Dicjubell’). Dense, H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Drooping stems bear Slightly scented, urn-shaped, fully double, (10cm) across, singly or in clusters. Dark
rounded Hybrid Tea rose with moderate rich green foliage and moderately scented, scarlet-crimson flowers, 4in (10cm) across, green foliage is sparse. Z5–9 H9–5.
disease resistance. H 32in (80cm), pointed, fully double, clear yellow flowers, are borne freely in summer–fall. Produces R. ORANGE SUNBLAZE (‘Meijikitar’),
S 28in (70cm). Slightly scented, pointed, 4in (10cm) across, in summer–fall. Z7–9 plentiful, dark green foliage. Makes a good, syn. R. ‘Sunblaze’. Compact Miniature rose
fully double, rose-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) H9–7. low hedge. Z5–9 H9–5. with moderate disease resistance. H and
across, are produced freely in summer R. MARGARET MERRIL (‘Harkuly’), illus. R. ‘Nevada’, illus. p.173. S 12in (30cm). Rosette, fully double, bright
and again in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. p.177. R. ‘New Dawn’, illus. p.185. orange-red flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, are
R. LOVING MEMORY (‘Korgund’), illus. R. ‘Marguerite Hilling’, syn. R. ‘Pink R. NEWS (‘Legnews’). Upright Floribunda freely produced in summer and again in fall.
p.181. Nevada’, illus. p.173. rose. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Has dark Has plentiful, dark green leaves. Z5–9 H9–5.
R. LUCKY! (‘Frylucy’). Upright Floribunda R. MARY ROSE (‘Ausmary’). Bushy, green leaves and, in summer–fall, clusters R. ‘Panachée d’Angers’. See R.
rose with very good disease resistance and spreading Shrub rose. H and S 4ft (1.2m). of slightly fragrant, cupped, wide-opening, ‘Commandant Beaurepaire’.
repeat-flowering in summer–fall. H 3ft (1m), Produces moderately fragrant, cupped, double, bright reddish-purple flowers, 3in R. PASCALI (‘Lenip’). Upright Hybrid Tea
S 21/2ft (75cm). Cupped, double flowers, fully double, rose-pink flowers, 31/2in (9cm) (8cm) across. Z5–9 H9–5. rose. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears faintly
3in (7cm) across, deep rose-pink in bud, across, in summer–fall. Has plentiful leaves. R. ‘Niphetos’. Branching, climbing scented, neat, urn-shaped, fully double,
open lighter. Has matt dark green leaves. Z6–9 H9–6. Hybrid Tea rose. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). white flowers, 31/2in (9cm) across, in
R. ‘Macangeli’. See R. SNOWBALL. R. ‘Meidanover’. See R. COLIBRE ‘79. Long, pointed buds, on nodding stems, summer–fall. Has deep green leaves. Z4–11
R. ‘Macar’. See R. PICCADILLY. R. ‘Meidomonac’. See R. BONICA. open to rounded, double, white flowers, H12–1.
R. ‘Macca’. See R. CASINO. R. ‘Meigekanu’. See R. LA SÉVILLANA. 5in (12cm) across, mainly in summer, a R. PAT AUSTIN (‘Ausmum’). Bushy Shrub
R. ‘Maccarpe’. See R. SNOW CARPET. R. ‘Meijikitar’. See R. ORANGE SUNBLAZE. few later. Pale green leaves are pointed. rose with very good disease resistance and

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matt, mid-green leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), light pink, are produced freely. Has of the Violets’. Spreading, vigorous Hybrid Vigorous, arching, thorny Species rose Q
S 3ft (1m). In summer and again in fall, plentiful foliage. Z4–11 H12–4. Perpetual rose. H and S 6ft (2m). Has with very good disease resistance. H and R
cupped, fully double, rich orange flowers, R. PINK PERFECTION (‘Korpauvio’), illus. grayish-toned leaves and fragrant, S 8ft (2.4m). Has apple-scented foliage.
with some red veining on petals, fade to p.180. quartered-rosette, fully double, violet Bears cupped, single, pink flowers, 687
peach. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Pink Perpétué’. Stiffly branched to purple flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in 1in (2.5cm) across, in a single flush in
R. ‘Paul’s Himalayan Musk’. Very Climber with moderate disease resistance. summer–fall. May be grown on a summer and red hips in fall. Z4–9 H9–1.
vigorous Rambler. H and S 30ft (10m). H 9ft (2.8m), S 8ft (2.5m). Produces clusters support. Z5–9 H9–5. R. rubrifolia. See R. glauca.
Large clusters of slightly fragrant, rosette, of slightly scented, cupped to rosette, R. ‘Reine Victoria’, illus. p.173. R. RUBY ANNIVERSARY (‘Harbonny’).
double, blush-pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) double, deep pink flowers, 3in (8cm) across, R. REMEMBER ME (‘Cocdestin’), illus. Bushy Patio rose with good disease
across, are freely borne in late summer. in summer and again in fall. Leathery p.183. resistance and repeat-flowering in
Has thorny, trailing shoots and drooping foliage is plentiful. May be pruned to grow R. REMEMBRANCE (‘Harxampton’), illus. summer–fall. H 28in (70cm), S 20in (50cm).
leaves. Is suitable for growing up a tree or as a shrub. Z5–9 H9–5. p.181. Produces highly glossy, dark green leaves
in a wild garden. Z6–9 H9–6. R. ‘Pompon de Paris’. See R. ‘Rouletii’. R. RHAPSODY IN BLUE (‘Frantasia’), illus. and large, wide clusters of cupped, double,
R. PAUL SHIRVILLE (‘Harqueterwife’), R. ‘Pompon des Princes’. See R. p.175. ruby-red flowers, 2in (5cm) across.
syn. R. ‘Heartthrob’, illus. p.178. ‘Ispahan’. R. ‘Rise ’n’ Shine’, syn. R. ‘Golden R. rugosa (Hedgehog rose, Japanese rose,
R. ‘Paul’s Lemon Pillar’, illus. p.184. R. POT O’ GOLD (‘Dicdivine’). Hybrid Tea Sunblaze’. Bushy, upright Miniature rose Ramanas rose, Sea tomato), illus. p.176.
R. ‘Paul Transon’. Vigorous, rather lax rose with neat, even growth and moderate with moderate disease resistance. H 16in Vigorous, dense Species rose with very
Rambler. H 12ft (4m), S 5ft (1.5m). In disease resistance. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (40cm), S 10in (25cm). Bears rosette, fully good disease resistance. H and S 3–6ft
summer has slightly fragrant, flat, double, (60cm). Fragrant, rounded, fully double, double, yellow flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, (1–2m). Has wrinkled leaves and large,
faintly coppery, salmon-pink flowers, 3in golden-yellow flowers, 31/2in (9cm) across, in summer and again in fall. Foliage is dark red hips. Bears cupped, single, white or
(8cm) across, with pleated petals. Plentiful are produced singly or in wide sprays in green. Z5–9 H9–5. purplish-red flowers, 31/2in (9cm) across,
foliage is glossy, dark green. Z5–9 H9–1. summer and again in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Rose d’Isfahan’. See R. ‘Ispahan’. in a single flush in summer. Z2–9 H9–1.
R. PEACE (‘Madame A. Meilland’), syn. R. ‘Poulbells’. See R. PINK BELLS. R. ROSE GAUJARD (‘Gaumo’). Upright, var. alba has white flowers opening from
R. ‘Gioia’, R. ‘Gloria Dei’, illus. p.182. R. ‘Poulcov’. See R. KENT. strong Hybrid Tea rose. H 31/2ft (1.1m), pale pink buds.
R. PEARL DRIFT (‘Leggab’). Bushy, R. ‘Poulman’. See R. INGRID BERGMAN. S 21/2ft (75cm). Has plentiful, glossy foliage. R. ‘Rugul’. See R. GOLDEN PENNY.
spreading Shrub roses with good disease R. ‘Poulmax’. See R. FASCINATION. Bears slightly scented, urn-shaped, double, R. ‘Ruiblun’. See R. BLUE PETER.
resistance. H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m). Produces R. ‘Poumidor’. See R. TROIKA. cherry-red and blush-pink flowers, 4in R. ‘Runatru’. See R. INVINCIBLE.
clusters of lightly scented, cupped, double, R. ‘Precious Platinum’, syn. R. ‘Opa (10cm) across, freely in summer–fall. R. ‘Saint Nicholas’. Vigorous, erect
blush-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in Potschke’. Vigorous Hybrid Tea rose with R. ROSEMARY HARKNESS (‘Harrowbond’). Damask rose. H and S 4ft (1.2m). In summer
summer and again in fall. Leaves are moderate disease resistance. H 3ft (1m), Vigorous Hybrid tea rose with moderate bears lightly scented, cupped, semidouble,
plentiful and glossy. Z5–9 H9–5. S 2ft (60cm). Bears slightly scented, disease resistance. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft rose-pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with
R. ‘Peaudouce’. See R. ELINA (‘Dicjana’). rounded, fully double, deep crimson-scarlet (75cm). Bears strongly scented, pointed, golden stamens, followed by red hips in
R. PEEK-A-BOO (‘Dicgrow’), syn. R. ‘Brass flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in summer and double flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in fall. Has plentiful, dark green foliage. Z6–9
Ring’. Dense, cushion-forming Patio rose again in fall. Foliage is abundant and salmon-pink and orange, singly or in H9–1.
with moderate disease resistance. H and glossy. Z5–9 H9–5. clusters in summer and again in fall. Has R. ‘Sally Holmes’, illus. p.173.
S 18in (45cm). Produces sprays of urn- R. ‘Président de Sèze’, syn. R. ‘Madame abundant, glossy leaves. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Sander’s White Rambler’. Vigorous
shaped, double, apricot-pink flowers, Hébert’. Vigorous, rather open Gallica rose. R. ‘Roseraie de l’Haÿ’, illus. p.175. Rambler of lax growth. H 10ft (3m),
11/2in (4cm) across, in summer and again H and S 4ft (1.2m). Bears fragrant, R. ROSY CUSHION (‘Interall’). Dense, S 8ft (2.5m). Fragrant, rosette, fully double,
in fall. Leaves are narrow and dark green. quartered-rosette, fully double, magenta- spreading Shrub rose with very good white flowers, 2in (5cm) across, are borne
Z5–9 H9–5. pink to pale lilac-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) disease resistance and repeat-flowering in clusters in late summer. Small, glossy
R. ‘Penelope’, illus. p.172. across, in summer. Z3–9 H9–1. in summer–fall. H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m). leaves are plentiful. Z5–9 H9–5.
R. PENNY LANE (‘Hardwell’), illus. p.186. R. primula (Incense rose). Lax, Clusters of slightly scented, cupped, R. ‘San Rafael Rose’. See R. x odorata
R. ‘Perle d’Or’. China rose that forms a arching Species rose with very good semidouble flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, ‘Pseudindica’.
twiggy, leafy, small shrub. H 21/2ft (75cm), disease resistance. H and S 6ft (2m). are pink with ivory centers. Has plentiful, R. SAVOY HOTEL (‘Harvintage’), illus.
S 2ft (60cm). Slightly scented, urn-shaped, Produces scented, cupped, primrose-yellow glossy, dark green leaves. Z5–9 H9–5. p.178.
fully double, honey-pink flowers, 11/2in flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, in a single flush R. ‘Rosy Mantle’. Stiff, open-branched R. SCEPTER’D ISLE (‘Ausland’). Bushy
(4cm) across, are borne in summer–fall. in summer. Foliage is plentiful, aromatic Climber with good disease resistance. Shrub rose with good disease resistance
Leaves have pointed, glossy leaflets. Z4–11 and fernlike. May die back in hard winters. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Very fragrant, and dark green foliage. H 5ft (1.5m),
H12–1. Z5–9 H9–5. pointed, fully double, rose-pink flowers, S 3ft (1m). In summer and again in fall
R. ‘Persian Yellow’. See R. foetida R. PRINCESS OF WALES (‘Hardinkum’). 4in (10cm) across, are borne in summer produces scented, cupped, fully double,
‘Persiana’. Vigorous, compact Floribunda rose. H 30in and again in fall. Dark green foliage is rose-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
R. PICCADILLY (‘Macar’). Vigorous, bushy (75cm), S 24in (60cm). Tight clusters of rather sparse. Z5–9 H9–5. eventually opening to show yellow
Hybrid Tea rose with moderate disease scented, rounded, fully double, paper-white R. ‘Rouge Eblouissante’. See stamens. Z5–9 H9–5.
resistance. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Pointed, blooms, 31/2in (9cm) across, nestle among R. ‘Assemblage des Beautès’. R. ‘Schneewittchen’. See R. ICEBERG
double, red and yellow flowers, 5in (12cm) crisp, dark leaves in summer–fall. Is good R. ‘Rouletii’, syn. R. chinensis var. (‘Korbin’).
across, are produced singly or in clusters in for a bed or as hedging. Z4–9 H9–4. minima, R. ‘Pompon de Paris’. Compact R. ‘Schoolgirl’. Stiff, rather lanky, large-
summer and again in fall. Abundant foliage R. ‘Queen Elizabeth’, syn. R. ‘The Queen Miniature rose with thin stems. H and flowered Climber. H 9ft (2.7m), S 7ft (2.2m).
is reddish-green and glossy. Z5–9 H9–5. Elizabeth’, illus. p.178. S 8in (20cm). Has mid-green leaves divided Large, deep green leaves set off moderately
R. pimpinellifolia. See R. spinosissima. R. ‘Queen of the Violets’. See R. ‘Reine into many lance-shaped leaflets. Freely fragrant, rounded, fully double, apricot-
R. PINK BELLS (‘Poulbells’). Very dense, des Violettes’. produces cupped, double, deep pink orange flowers, 4in (10cm) across, borne in
spreading Groundcover rose with good R. RACHEL (‘Tangust’), illus. p.183. flowers, 3/4in (2cm) across, in summer–fall. summer–fall. Z5–9 H9–5.
disease resistance. H 21/2ft (75cm), R. ‘Rambling Rector’, illus. p.184. Z5–9 H9–5. R. sericea subsp. omeiensis
S 4ft (1.2m). Produces clusters of many R. ‘Ramona’, syn. R. ‘Red Cherokee’. R. roxburghii (Burr rose, Chestnut rose, f. pteracantha, syn. R. omeiensis
pompon, fully double, pink flowers, Rather stiff, open Climber. H 9ft (2.7m), Chinquapin rose), illus. p.176. Compact, f. pteracantha (Winged thorn rose), illus.
1in (2.5cm) across, in summer and again S 10ft (3m). Fragrant, flat, single, carmine- bushy Species rose with good disease p.176. Stiff, upright, vigorous Species rose.
in fall. Has abundant, small, dark green red flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with resistance. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Has flaky H 8ft (2.5m), S 7ft (2.2m). Has small, fernlike,
leaves. Z5–9 H9–5. grayish-red undersides and gold stamens, bark and light to mid-green leaves, often light green leaves and large, red thorns
R. ‘Pink Grootendorst’. Upright, bushy are produced mainly in summer. Has with up to 15 leaflets that look as if they are on young stems. In summer, solitary, flat,
Shrub rose with very good disease sparse foliage. Does best against a warm almost arranged on the plant. In a single white flowers, 1–21/2in (2.5–6cm) across,
resistance. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Sprays wall. Z7–9 H9–1. flush in summer produces flat, double, pink are borne briefly along stems. Z6–9 H9–5.
of rosette, double flowers, 2in (5cm) across, R. RED ACE (‘Amruda’). Compact flowers, 2in (5cm) across, followed by R. SEXY REXY (‘Macrexy’). Compact,
with toothed, clear pink petals, are borne Miniature rose with good disease spiked hips, which remain green and fall bushy Floribunda rose with moderate
in summer and again in fall. Z3–9 H9–1. resistance. H 14in (35cm), S 12in (30cm). in late summer. Z6–9 H9–5. disease resistance. H and S 2ft (60cm).
R. ‘Pink Nevada’. See R. ‘Marguerite Slightly scented, rosette, double, dark red R. ‘Royal Dane’. See R. TROIKA Bears clusters of slightly scented, cupped,
Hilling’. flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, are borne in (‘Poumidor’). camellia-like, fully double, pink flowers,
R. ‘Pink Parfait’. Bushy Floribunda rose. summer and again in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ROYAL WILLIAM (‘Korzaun’), syn. 3in (8cm) across, in summer and again in
H 21/2ft (75cm), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall, R. ‘Red Cherokee’. See R. ‘Ramona’. R. ‘Duftzauber ’84’, illus. p.180. fall. Leaves are dark green. Z6–9 H9–5.
slightly fragrant, urn-shaped, double R. RED FINESSE (‘Korvillade’), illus. p.181. R. rubiginosa, syn. R. eglanteria R. SHEILA’S PERFUME (‘Harsherry’).
flowers, 31/2in (9cm) across, in shades of R. ‘Reine des Violettes’, syn. R. ‘Queen (Eglantine rose, Sweet briar), illus. p.176. Upright Floribunda rose. H 21/2ft (75cm),

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ROSA

Q S 2ft (60cm). Has glossy, reddish foliage. H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m). Bears cupped, S 21/2ft (75cm). Fragrant, pointed, double, R. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 2000
R Fragrant, urn-shaped, double, red-and- double, creamy-white flowers, 11/2in (4cm) pink-tinged, orange-red flowers, 6in (15cm) (‘Ausromeo’). Bushy Shrub rose with
yellow flowers, 31/2in (9cm) across, are across, in a single flush in summer. Has across, are produced in summer and again good disease resistance and matt, dark
688 produced singly or in clusters in summer– small, fernlike, dark green leaves and in fall. Has semi-glossy leaves. Z5–9 H9–5. green leaves. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m).
fall. Z5–9 H9–5. blackish hips. Z3–9 H9–1. R. TRUMPETER (‘Mactru’). Neat, bushy Strongly scented, quartered-rosette, fully
R. SHERI ANNE (‘Morsherry’). Upright R. ‘Spring Morning’. See R. Floribunda rose with moderate disease double, crimson flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
Miniature rose with moderate disease ‘Frühlingsmorgen’. resistance. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). with slightly pink outer petals, are produced
resistance. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). R. ‘Stacey Sue’. Spreading Miniature Produces many cupped, fully double, bright in summer and again in fall. Z5–9 H9–5.
Produces slightly scented, rosette, double, rose with good disease resistance. H and red flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, in summer R. WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL (‘Auscat’).
light red flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, in S 15in (38cm). Slightly scented, rosette, fully and again in fall. Leaves are deep green Bushy Shrub rose with good disease
summer and again in fall. Has leathery, double, pink flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, and semi-glossy. Z5–9 H9–5. resistance and dark green leaves. H 4ft
glossy leaves. Z5–9 H9–5. are produced freely in summer and again R. ‘Tuscany Superb’, syn. R. ‘Double (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Myrrh-scented, rosette,
R. SHOCKING BLUE (‘Korblue’). in fall. Has plentiful, dark green leaves. Velvet’. Vigorous, upright Gallica rose. double, white flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
Bushy Floribunda rose. H 21/2ft (75cm), Z5–9 H9–5. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 3ft (1m). In summer with light pink blushes when young, are
S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall bears fragrant, R. STRAWBERRY HILL (‘Ausrimini’), illus. produces, slightly scented, cupped to flat, produced in summer and again in fall.
pointed, well-formed, fully double, purple p.174. double flowers, 2in (5cm) across, deep Z5–9 H9–5.
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, singly or in R. SUMMER SONG (‘Austango’), illus. crimson-maroon, aging to purple, with R. WISLEY 2008 (‘Ausbreeze’). Bushy
clusters. Foliage is dark green. Z5–9 H9–5. p.177. gold stamens. Leaves are dark green. Z3–9 Shrub rose with very good disease
R. SILVER ANNIVERSARY (‘Poulari’), illus. R. SUMMER WINE (‘Korizont’), illus. p.187. H9–1. resistance and dull, mid-green leaves.
p.177. R. ‘Sunblaze’. See R. ORANGE SUNBLAZE R. ‘Variegata di Bologna’. Upright, H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Sweetly scented,
R. ‘Silver Jubilee’. Dense, upright (‘Meijikitar’). arching Bourbon rose. H 6ft (2m), S 41/2ft quartered-rosette, fully double, light rose-
Hybrid Tea rose with good disease R. SUNSET BOULEVARD (‘Harbabble’). (1.4m). Has small leaves and, in summer– pink flowers open from plump, rounded
resistance. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Upright Floribunda rose. H 3ft (1m), fall, fragrant, quartered-rosette, fully buds in summer and again in fall. Z5–9
Bears slightly scented, pointed, fully S 2ft (60cm). Bears open sprays of lightly double flowers, 3in (8cm) across, blush- H9–5.
double, soft salmon-pink flowers, 5in scented, pointed to cupped, double, pink, striped with rose-purple. Needs R. xanthina ‘Canary Bird’, syn.
(12cm) across, very freely in summer and salmon-pink flowers, 31/2in (9cm) across, fertile soil and is prone to blackspot. Z6–9 R. ‘Canary Bird’. Vigorous, dense, arching
again in fall. Foliage is abundant and in summer–fall on glossy-foliaged plants. H9–6. Species hybrid with very good disease
glossy. Z5–9 H9–5. Is excellent in a bed or for cut flowers. R. ‘Veilchenblau’, syn. R. ‘Blue Rambler’, resistance. H and S 7ft (2.1m). Cupped,
R. SIMBA (‘Korbelma’), syn. R. SUPER TROOPER (‘Fryleyeca’), illus. illus. p.185. single, yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across,
R. ‘Goldsmith’. Upright Hybrid Tea rose p.183. R. WARM WISHES (‘Fryxotic’), illus. p.179. with musky scent, are produced in a
with moderate disease resistance. H 30in R. ‘Susan Ann’. See R. ‘Southampton’. R. ‘Wedding Day’. Rampant Rambler. single flush in summer. Has small, fernlike
(75cm), S 24in (60cm). Slightly scented, R. SUSAN DANIEL (‘Harlibra’), illus. p.178. H 25ft (8m), S 12ft (4m). Produces large leaves. May die back in hard winters. Z5–9
urn-shaped, fully double, yellow flowers, R. SWEET DREAM (‘Fryminicot’), illus. clusters of fruity-scented, flat, single, H9–5.
31/2in (9cm) across, are borne freely in p.179. creamy-white flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, R. ‘Yesterday’, syn. R. ‘Tapis d’Orient’.
summer and again in fall. Leaves are large R. SWEET MAGIC (‘Dicmagic’), illus. p.183. that mature to blush-pink, in late summer. Bushy, arching Polyantha rose. H and
and dark green. Z5–9 H9–5. R. ‘Sylvia’. See R. CONGRATULATIONS Is suitable for growing up a tree or in a S 30in (75cm), or more if lightly pruned.
R. SIMPLY SALLY (‘Harpaint’), illus. p.180. (‘Korlift’). wild garden. Z5–9 H9–1. Fragrant, rosette, semidouble, lilac-pink
R. SIMPLY THE BEST (‘Macamster’), illus. R. ‘Sympathie’, illus. p.186. R. WEE JOCK (‘Cocabest’). Dense, bushy flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, are borne,
p.183. R. ‘Tanba’. See R. BABY MASQUERADE. Patio rose with good disease resistance. mainly in clusters, from summer through
R. ‘Sissi’. See R. BLUE MOON (‘Tannacht’). R. ‘Tanellis’. See R. FRAGRANT CLOUD. H and S 18in (45cm). Bears rosette, fully to early winter. Produces small, dark
R. SNOWBALL (‘Macangeli’), syn. R. ‘Tanky’. See R. WHISKY MAC. double, crimson flowers, 11/2in (4cm) green leaves. Makes a good hedge. Z5–9
R. ‘Angelita’. Compact, creeping Miniature R. ‘Tannacht’. See R. BLUE MOON. across, in summer and again in fall. H9–5.
rose with moderate disease resistance. R. ‘Tapis d’Orient’. See R. ‘Yesterday’. Plentiful leaves are small and dark green. R. ‘Yvonne Rabier’. Dense, bushy
H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm). Pompon, fully R. ‘Tapis Jaune’. See R. GOLDEN PENNY Z5–9 H9–5. Polyantha rose. H 18in (45cm), S 16in
double, white flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, (‘Rugul’). R. ‘Wekmeredoc’. See R. MEREDITH. (40cm). Plentiful leaves are bright green.
are borne in summer and again in fall. R. TEASING GEORGIA (‘Ausbaker’), illus. R. ‘Wekvossutono’. See R. JULIA CHILD. Bears moderately scented, rounded,
Leaves are small, glossy and plentiful. p.176. R. WHISKY MAC (‘Tanky’). Neat, upright double, creamy-white flowers, 2in (5cm)
Z5–9 H9–5. R. TESS OF THE D’URBERVILLES Hybrid Tea rose. H 21/2ft (75cm), S 2ft across, in summer–fall. Z5–9 H9–5.
R. SNOW CARPET (‘Maccarpe’). Prostrate, (‘Ausmove’). Slightly lax, arching shrub (60cm). Fragrant, rounded, fully double, R. ‘Zéphirine Drouhin’, illus. p.185.
creeping Miniature rose. H 6in (15cm), rose with good disease resistance and amber flowers, 31/2in (9cm) across, are R. ‘Zigeunerknabe’, syn. R. ‘Gipsy Boy’.
S 20in (50cm). Has many small glossy repeat-flowering in summer–fall. H 6ft borne freely in summer–fall. Reddish Vigorous, thorny Bourbon rose of lanky
leaves and pompon, fully double, white (1.8m), S 5ft (1.5m). Scented, quartered- foliage is prone to mildew. May die back habit. H and S 6ft (2m). Faintly scented,
flowers, 11/2in (3cm) across, in summer, rosette, red flowers, 5in (12cm) across, fade in a hard winter. Z5–9 H9–5. cupped to flat, double, purplish-crimson
a few in fall. Makes good, compact with sun and age to pink-red. Foliage is R. ‘White Cockade’. Slow-growing, flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne in
groundcover. Z5–9 H9–5. mid-green. Z5–9 H9–5. bushy, upright Climber. H 6–10ft (2–3m), summer. Leaves are dark green. Z6–9 H9–6.
R. ‘Southampton’, syn. R. ‘Susan Ann’, R. ‘The Fairy’, illus. p.178. S 5ft (1.5m). Bears slightly fragrant,
illus. p.183. R. THE PILGRIM (‘Auswalker’), illus. rounded, well-formed, fully double, white ROSCOEA
R. ‘Souvenir d’Alphonse Lavallée’. p.176. flowers, 31/2in (9cm) across, in summer–fall.
Vigorous, sprawling Hybrid Perpetual rose. R. THE PRINCE’S TRUST (‘Harholding’), May be pruned and grown as a shrub. Z5–9 ZINGIBERACEAE
H 7ft (2.2m), S 6ft (2m). Fragrant, cupped, illus. p.186. H9–5.
double, burgundy-red to maroon-purple R. ‘The Queen Elizabeth’. See R. ‘Queen R. WHITE GOLD (‘Cocquiriam’). Vigorous Genus of late summer- and early fall-
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are borne in Elizabeth’. Floribunda rose with very good disease flowering, tuberous perennials, related to
summer–fall. Leaves are small and mid- R. THE TIMES ROSE (‘Korpeahn’), illus. resistance. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Has ginger, grown for their orchid-like flowers.
green. Is best grown on a light support. p.180. semi-glossy, dark green leaves. Dense Each flower has a hooded, upper petal, a
Z6–9 H9–6. R. ‘Tour de Malakoff’. Provence rose of clusters of strongly scented, rounded, fully wide-lobed, lower lip and 2 narrower
R. ‘Souvenir de la Malmaison’. Dense, open habit and good disease resistance. double, off-white flowers, 3in (7cm) across, petals. Is suitable for open borders, rock
spreading Bourbon rose. H and S 5ft (1.5m). H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). In a single flush in with creamy-white centers, are produced in gardens and woodland gardens. Needs sun
Bears spice-scented, quartered-rosette, summer produces scented, rosette, double, summer and again in fall. or partial shade and cool, well-drained rich
fully double, blush-pink to white flowers, violet-veined, magenta flowers, 5in (12cm) R. WHITE STAR (‘Harquill’), illus. p.184. soil that must be kept moist in summer.
5in (12cm) across, in summer–fall. Rain across, fading to grayish-purple. Z4–9 H9–1. R. WILD ROVER (‘Dichirap’). Upright Dies down in winter, when a top-dressing
spoils flowers. Has large, dark green R. ‘Tricolore de Flandre’. Vigorous, Floribunda rose with good disease of leaf mold or well-rotted compost is
leaves. Z6–9 H9–6. upright Gallica rose. H and S 3ft (1m). resistance and repeat-flowering in beneficial. Propagate by division in spring
R. ‘Spanish Beauty’. See R. ‘Madame Fragrant, pompon, fully double, blush-pink summer–fall. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). or by seed, exposed to frost for best
Grégoire Staechelin’. flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, striped with Produces clusters of 5 or more lightly germination, in fall or winter.
R. ‘Spectacular’. See R. ‘Danse du Feu’. pink and purple, are borne in summer. Has scented, flat, semidouble, rich purple R. alpina. Herbaceous, creeping, tuberous
R. spinosissima, syn. R. pimpinellifolia dull green leaves. Z3–9 H9–1. flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with yellow perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Has 1–5 deep
(Burnet rose, Scotch rose, Scots rose). R. TROIKA (‘Poumidor’), syn. R. ‘Royal stamens. Has matt, mid-green leaves. purple, pink or white flowers, borne in
‘Plena’ is a dense, spreading, prickly Dane’. Vigorous, dense Hybrid Tea rose R. ‘William Lobb’, syn. R. ‘Duchesse succession at the top of leafy shoot, in
Species rose with good disease resistance. with moderate disease resistance. H 3ft (1m), d’Istrie’, illus. p.175. summer. Produces 1–2 rather short, lance-
shaped, mid-green leaves at flowering time,

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increasing to 5–6 leaves, to 10in (25cm) in fall. Has broadly oval, stiff leaves, 6in panicles of 5-petaled, purple flowers in early R. laciniata (Coneflower). ‘Golden Glow’ Q
long. Requires a shady site. Z6–9 H9–6. (15cm) long. Provide shade in summer and summer, followed by unpalatable, spherical, Erect perennial. H 6–7ft (2–2.2m), S 2–3ft R
R. auriculata, illus. p.411. keep very dry in winter. Z14–15 H12–6. black fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. (60cm–1m). Bears daisylike, double, golden-
R. australis. Summer-flowering, R. henryi var. bambusarum. Fast- yellow flower heads, with green centers,
tuberous perennial. H 10–16in (25–40cm), ROTHMANNIA growing, vigorous, evergreen, woody- in late summer and fall. Mid-green leaves
S 10in (25cm). Has 2–7 broadly lance- stemmed, scrambling climber. H to 20ft are divided into lance-shaped leaflets,
shaped, glossy, dark green leaves, arranged RUBIACEAE (6m). Leaves are divided into 3 broadly oval themselves farther cut. Prefers well-
in opposite pairs, forming a pseudostem leaflets, white-felted beneath. Tiny, pink drained soil. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Goldquelle’, syn.
bearing 1–2 purple or white flowers, Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering flowers are borne in small clusters in R. ‘Goldquelle’, illus. p.222. ‘Herbstsonne’
with shallowly lobed lips. Is intolerant of shrubs and trees, grown for their flowers. summer. Z5–9 H9–5. (illus. p.251) has single, bright yellow
winter wet so is better in a cold frame. Is Is related to Gardenia. Needs full light R. odoratus (Flowering raspberry, flower heads. Z3–9 H9–1.
sometimes confused with R. tibetica. Z6–9 or partial shade and rich, well-drained, Thimbleberry). Vigorous, deciduous, R. maxima, illus. p.251. Clump-forming
H9–6. neutral to acid soil. Water container plants upright, thicket-forming shrub. H and perennial. H 6ft (2m) or more, S 2ft (60cm).
R. cautleyoides, illus. p.424. freely when in full growth, moderately at S 8ft (2.5m). Thornless, peeling shoots bear Has broadly spoon-shaped, waxy, blue-
R. humeana, illus. p.423. other times. Propagate by seed in spring large, velvety, dark green leaves, with 5 green, basal leaves. In summer, sturdy
R. procera. See R. purpurea. or by semiripe cuttings in summer. broadly triangular lobes. Large, fragrant, stems bear solitary, daisylike flower heads
R. purpurea, syn. R. procera. Summer- R. capensis, syn. Gardenia capensis, 5-petaled, rose-pink flowers are produced with slender, reflexed, yellow ray florets
flowering, tuberous perennial. H 8–12in Gardenia rothmannia (Candlewood). from early summer to early fall, and are and large, central, black cones. Z4–8 H8–1.
(20–30cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Lance- Evergreen, ovoid shrub or tree. H 20ft (6m) sometimes followed by unpalatable, R. occidentalis. Clump-forming
shaped, erect leaves are long-pointed or more, S 10ft (3m) or more. Leaves are flattened, red fruits. Z3–7 H7–1. perennial. H 24–72in (60–180cm), S 18in
and wrap around each other at base to oval, lustrous and rich green. Has fragrant, R. thibetanus, illus. p.143. (45cm) or more. Has oval, mid-green, basal
form false stem. Produces long-tubed, tubular flowers, with 5 arching, white to R. tricolor. Evergreen shrub with both leaves. In summer, erect, leafy, occasionally
purple flowers. Z6–9 H9–6. creamy-yellow petal lobes and purple- prostrate and arching shoots covered in branched stems bear daisylike flower
R. scillifolia, illus. p.477. Upright, dotted throats, in summer. Z13–15 H12–10. red bristles. H 2ft (60cm), S 6ft (2m). Oval, heads with large, central, brownish-black
tuberous perennial. H 2–12in (5–30cm), toothed, glossy, dark green leaves set off cone surrounded by short, pointed, green
S 4–10in (10–25cm). Small, purple-black or ROYSTONEA cup-shaped, 5-petaled, white flowers borne bracts; they have no true ray florets
light pink flowers are produced in summer– in mid-summer. Has edible, raspberry-like, (“petals”). Z3–10 H9–1. ‘Green Wizard’
fall above narrowly lance-shaped to linear, Royal palm red fruits. Makes good groundcover. Z7–9 (illus. p.251), H 5ft (1.5m), has a more even
mid-green leaves. Z8–9 H9–8. H9–7. height range.
R. tibetica. Rosette-forming, tuberous PALMAE/ARECACEAE R. ‘Tridel’. See R. ‘Benenden’. R. purpurea. See Echinacea purpurea.
perennial. H 2–8in (5–20cm), S 4–12in R. ulmifolius ‘Bellidiflorus’. Vigorous, R. triloba (Brown-eyed Susan), illus.
(10–30cm). Has broadly lance-shaped, Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their deciduous or semievergreen, arching p.251. Short-lived, upright, clump-forming
pleated, mid-green leaves. In summer majestic appearance. Produces racemes of shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 12ft (4m). Prickly perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 16in (40cm). Has
produces purple, pink or white flowers, insignificant flowers in summer. Needs full stems bear dark green leaves, divided into 3-lobed, hairy, mid- to pale green, basal
with deeply lobed lips, at top of stem. light or partial shade and fertile, moist but 3 or 5 oval leaflets, and, in mid- to late leaves. From late summer until fall frosts,
Z6–9 H9–6. well-drained soil. Water container plants summer, large panicles of daisylike, leafy stems bear masses of daisylike, bright
freely when in full growth, less at other double, pink flowers. Z6–9 H9–6. yellow flower heads with central, blackish-
Rosmarinifolius lavandulaceus of times, especially when temperatures are brown cones. Self-seeds freely. Z3–11
gardens. See Rosmarinus officinalis low. Propagate by seed in spring at not less RUDBECKIA H12–1.
‘Prostratus’. than 81°F (27°C). Red spider mite may be a
problem. Coneflower RUELLIA
ROSMARINUS R. regia. Evergreen palm with an upright
stem, sometimes thickened about the COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ACANTHACEAE
Rosemary middle. H 70ft (20m) or more, S to 20ft (6m).
Leaves are feather-shaped, 10ft (3m) long, Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, Genus of perennials and evergreen
LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE upright at first, then becoming arching and grown for their flowers. Needs sun or subshrubs and shrubs, grown for their
pendent, and are divided into narrowly partial shade and well-drained or moist showy flowers. Needs a humid atmosphere,
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their oblong, leathery, bright green leaflets. soil. Propagate by division in spring or by partial shade and moist but well-drained
flowers and aromatic foliage, which can Z11–12 H12–10. seed in fall or spring. soil. Propagate by stem cuttings or seed,
be used as a culinary herb. At limits of R. fulgida (Black-eyed Susan). Z4–9 H9–1. if available, in spring.
hardiness grow against a south- or west- RUBUS var. deamii (illus. p.251) is an erect R. amoena. See R. graecizans.
facing wall. Requires sun and well-drained perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm) or more. R. devosiana, illus. p.465.
soil. Cut back frost-damaged plants to ROSACEAE In late summer and fall produces daisylike, R. graecizans, syn. R. amoena.
healthy wood in spring; straggly, old plants yellow flower heads, with central, black Evergreen, bushy subshrub with wide-
may be cut back hard at same time. Trim Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or cones. Has narrowly lance-shaped, mid- spreading stems. H and S 24in (60cm)
hedges after flowering. Propagate by evergreen shrubs and woody-stemmed, green leaves. Prefers moist soil. var. or more. Has oval, pointed leaves.
semiripe cuttings in summer. scrambling climbers. Some species are speciosa (illus. p.251) has elliptic to lance- Intermittently bears clusters of small,
R. officinalis, illus. p.157. ‘Miss cultivated solely for their edible fruits, shaped, almost sickle-shaped basal leaves tubular, scarlet flowers on stalks to
Jessopp’s Upright’ is an evergreen, which include raspberries and blackberries. and coarsely toothed stem leaves. var. 4in (10cm) long. Z14–15 H12–10.
compact, upright shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Those described here are grown mainly for sullivantii ‘Goldsturm’ (illus. p.251), R. makoyana (Monkey plant, Trailing
From mid- to late spring and sometimes their foliage, flowers or ornamental, often H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm) or more, has velvet plant). Hairy, spreading perennial.
again in fall bears small, 2-lipped, blue prickly stems, though some may also bear golden-yellow flower heads. H to 2ft (60cm), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has oval,
flowers amid narrowly oblong, aromatic, edible fruits. Deciduous species grown for R. ‘Goldquelle’. See R. laciniata silver-veined, purple leaves, dark purple
dark green leaves. Is good when grown their winter stems prefer full sun; other ‘Goldquelle’. beneath. In summer bears solitary, funnel-
for hedging. Z7–11 H12–1. ‘Prostratus’, deciduous species need sun or partial R. hirta (Black-eyed Susan, Gloriosa shaped, carmine-pink flowers from leaf
syn. Rosmarinifolius lavandulaceus, H 6in shade; evergreens and semievergreens daisy). Moderately fast-growing, upright, axils. Z4–5 H12–10.
(15cm), is prostrate and among the least tolerate sun or shade. All Rubus require branching, short-lived perennial, grown
hardy forms. Z8–11 H12–1. ‘Severn fertile, well-drained soil. Cut old stems of R. as an annual. H 1–3ft (30cm–1m), S 1–11/2ft RUSCHIA 689
Sea’, H 3ft (1m), has an arching habit, biflorus, R. cockburnianus and R. thibetanus (30–45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
and produces bright blue flowers. Z8–11 to ground after fruiting. Propagate by seed leaves and, in summer–fall, large, daisylike, AIZOACEAE
H12–1. or cuttings (semiripe for evergreens, deep yellow flower heads, with conical,
softwood or hardwood for deciduous purple centers. Needs sun and well-drained Genus of mostly small, tufted, perennial
ROSSIOGLOSSUM species) in summer or winter, R. odoratus soil. Z3–7 H7–1. Becky Mixed, H 10in succulents and evergreen shrubs with
by division in spring and R. ‘Benenden’ (25cm), have yellow, dark red or reddish leaves united up to one-third of their
ORCHIDACEAE and R. ulmifolius ‘Bellidiflorus’ by layering brown flowers. ‘Goldilocks’, illus. p.325. lengths around stems or with very short
in spring. ‘Irish Eyes’, H to 21/2ft (75cm), has yellow sheaths. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
See also ORCHIDS. R. ‘Benenden’, syn. R. ‘Tridel’, illus. p.128. flower heads, with olive-green centers. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
R. grande, syn. Odontoglossum grande R. biflorus, illus. p.143. ‘Marmalade’, illus. p.323. ‘Rustic spring or summer.
(Clown orchid, Tiger orchid), illus. p.467. R. cockburnianus (Ghost bramble). Dwarfs’, H to 24in (60cm), bears yellow, R. acuminata. Evergreen, erect, succulent
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool Deciduous, arching shrub. H and S 8ft mahogany or bronze flower heads. ‘Toto shrub. H 8in (20cm), S 20in (50cm). Has
greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Spikes of rich (2.5m). Prickly shoots are brilliant blue-white Gold’, illus. p.320. woody stems as well as non-woody, bluish-
yellow flowers, to 6in (15cm) across, heavily in winter. Dark green leaves, white beneath,
marked with chestnut-brown, are produced are usually divided into 9 oval leaflets. Bears

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green stems with darker dots. Produces S shaped, white, pink, red, blue, violet, bi- or S. ‘Starry Trail’, illus. p.472. Standard
solid, 3-angled leaves, 11/4in (3cm) long, multi-colored flowers, borne throughout Group. H to 6in (15cm). Has dark green
with blunt keel and short sheather. SABAL the year. They may be single, semidouble leaves and narrow-petaled, semidouble to
Daisylike, white to pale pink flowers, or fully double. Petal edges may be ruffled, double, white flowers, sometimes flushed
11/4in (3cm) across, are produced in PALMAE/ARECACEAE rounded, frilled or fringed. The broadly pale pink. H12–10.
summer. Z13–15 H12–10. ovate to oval leaves are usually mid- or S. ‘Zoja’, illus. p.472. Standard Group.
R. crassa. Evergreen, erect, succulent Genus of evergreen fan palms, grown for dark green, and may be feathered, flecked H to 6in (15cm). Produces large, single to
shrub. H and S 20in (50cm). Bears solid, their foliage and overall appearance. or variegated white, pink or cream. See semidouble, purple-blue flowers, with bold
3-angled, bluish-green leaves, 3/4in (2cm) Prefers full sun and fertile, well-drained also feature panel p.472.Cultivars are white line at petal margins. H12–10.
long, with short, white hairs; the soil. Water moderately when in full divided into 5 groups, according to rosette
undersides are keeled and have single growth, less at other times. Propagate size. The measurement given below is the SALIX
tooth. Has daisylike, white flowers, 1in by seed in spring. Red spider mite may diameter of the rosette; the spread of
(2.5cm) across, in summer. Z13–15 H12–10. be troublesome. each cultivar is the same as this: Micro- Willow
R. macowanii. Erect, then spreading, S. minor, illus. p.457. miniature—less than 8cm (3in); Miniature—
perennial succulent. H 6in (15cm), S 3ft 8–16cm (3–6in); miniature—16–21cm SALICACEAE
(1m). Has solid, slightly keeled, 3-angled, SAGINA (6–8in); Standard—21–40cm (8–16in);
bluish-green leaves, to 11/4in (3cm) long. Large—over 40cm (16in). Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, grown
In summer bears masses of daisylike, CARYOPHYLLACEAE for their habit, foliage, catkins and, in some
bright pink flowers, 11/4in (3cm) across, S. ‘Bright Eyes’, illus. p.472. Standard cases, colorful winter shoots. Male catkins
with darker stripes. Z13–15 H12–10. Genus of mat-forming annuals and Group. H to 6in (15cm). Has dark green are more striking than female; each plant
evergreen perennials, grown for their leaves and single, deep violet-blue flowers usually bears catkins of only one sex. Most
RUSCUS foliage. Is suitable for banks and in paving. with yellow centers. H12–10. prefer full sun. Most species grow well in
Some species may be very invasive. Prefers S. ‘Chantabent’. Semi-miniature Group. any but very dry soil; S. caprea, S. purpurea
LILIACEAE/RUSCACEAE sun and gritty, moist soil; dislikes hot, H 4–6in (10–15cm). Has dark green leaves, and their variants also thrive in dry soil.
Genus of evergreen, clump-forming, dry conditions. Propagate by division in with deep red undersides, and bears large, Plants grown for their colorful winter shoots
spring-flowering shrubs, grown for their spring, by seed in fall or, for S. boydii, single, violet-blue flowers. H12–10. should be cut back hard in early spring,
foliage and fruits. The apparent leaves are by tip cuttings in summer. Aphids and S. ‘Colorado’, illus. p.469. every 1–3 years. Propagate by semiripe
actually flattened shoots, on which flowers red spider mite may cause problems. S. ‘Delft’. Standard Group. H to 6in cuttings in summer or by hardwood cuttings
and fruits are borne. Usually, separate male S. boydii, syn. S. procumbens ‘Boydii’, (15cm). Leaves are dark green, and in winter. Fungal diseases may cause canker,
and female plants are required for fruiting. illus. p.376. flowers are semidouble and violet-blue. particularly in S. babylonica and S. x
Is particularly useful for dry, shady sites. S. procumbens ‘Boydii’. See S. boydii. H12–10. sepulcralis var. chrysocoma. Willows may
Tolerates sun, full or partial shade and S. ‘Dorothy’. Standard Group. H to 6in become infested with such pests as
any soil other than waterlogged. Cut back SAGITTARIA (15cm). Has long-stalked, light green caterpillars, aphids and gall mites.
dead shoots to base in spring. Propagate leaves, and bears large, single, rich pink S. aegyptiaca (Musk willow). Vigorous,
Arrowhead flowers with frilled, white margins. deciduous, bushy shrub or tree. H 12ft (4m),
by division in spring. T The berries of H12–10. S 15ft (5m). Gray catkins that mature to
ALISMATACEAE S. ‘Falling Raindrops’, illus. p.472. yellow are produced on bare, sturdy shoots
R. aculeatus may cause mild stomach upset Standard Group with trailing habit. in late winter or early spring, before large,
if ingested. Genus of deciduous, perennial, submerged H 4–6in (10–15cm). Has mid-green leaves narrowly oval, deep green leaves. Z5–8
R. aculeatus, illus. p.167. and marginal water plants, grown for their and single, violet-blue flowers. H12–10. H8–5.
foliage and flowers. Some species are S. ‘Garden News’, illus. p.472. Standard S. alba (White willow). Z4–9 H9–1.
Q R. hypoglossum, illus. p.167. suitable for pools, others for aquariums. Group. H to 6in (15cm). Has bright green f. argentea. See S. alba var. sericea.
R RUSSELIA All require full sun. Remove fading foliage leaves and double, pure white flowers. ‘Britzensis’. See S. alba var.
as necessary. Propagate by division in H12–10. vitellina‘Britzensis’. var. caerulea
SCROPHULARIACEAE spring or summer or by breaking off S. ‘Ice Maiden’, illus. p.472. Standard (Cricket-bat willow) is a very fast-growing,
Genus of evergreen shrubs and subshrubs, turions in spring. Group. H to 6in (15cm). Bears single, deciduous, conical tree with upright
grown for their showy flowers. Needs sun S. graminea ‘Crushed Ice’. Deciduous, white flowers with purple-blue markings. branches. H 80ft (25m), S 30ft (10m). Has
or partial shade and rich, light, well- perennial, marginal water plant or bog H12–10. long, narrowly lance-shaped, deep bluish-
drained soil. Propagate by stem cuttings plant. H 9in (23cm), S 6in (15cm). Has linear, S. ionantha. Evergreen, stemless, green leaves and, in early spring, small,
or division in spring. pointed leaves marbled cream and green. rosette-forming perennial, often forming pendent, yellowish-green catkins.
R. equisetiformis, syn. R. juncea, illus. Bears 3-petaled, white flowers from early clumps. H to 4in (10cm), S 10in (25cm). ‘Chermesina’. See S. alba var. vitellina
p.470. to mid-summer. Almost rounded, scalloped, long-stalked, ‘Chermesina’. var. sericea, syn.
R. juncea. See R. equisetiformis. S. japonica. See S. sagittifolia ‘Flore fleshy, usually hairy leaves, to 3in (8cm) S. alba f. argentea, S. alba ‘Sericea’ (Silver
Pleno’. long, are mid-green above and often willow), H 50ft (15m), S 25ft (8m), is a
RUTA S. latifolia, illus. p.434. reddish-green below. Loose clusters of spreading tree that is conical when young
S. sagittifolia (Japanese arrowhead). 2–8 tubular, 5-lobed, violet-blue flowers, and has bright silvery-gray leaves.
RUTACEAE Deciduous, perennial, marginal water to 1in (2.5cm) across, are produced on ‘Sericea’. See S. alba var. sericea.
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering plant. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Upright, stems held above leaves and appear year- ‘Tristis’, syn. S. vitellina ‘Pendula’ has a
subshrubs, with deeply divided, aromatic mid-green leaves are acutely arrow- round. H12–10. more weeping habit and produces only
leaves, grown for their foliage and flowers shaped. In summer produces 3-petaled, S. ‘Pip Squeek’, illus. p.472. Micro- female catkins. ‘Tristis’ of gardens. See
and used as a medicinal herb. Requires sun white flowers, with dark purple centers. miniature Group. H to 3in (8cm). Produces S. x sepulcralis var. chrysocoma. var.
and well-drained soil. Cut back to old wood May be grown in up to 9in (23cm) depth of dark green leaves and bell-shaped, pale vitellina, illus. p.69. var. vitellina
in spring to keep compact. Propagate by water. Z5–11 H12–13. ‘Flore Pleno’, syn. pink flowers. H12–10. ‘Britzensis’, syn. S. alba ‘Britzensis’ has
S. japonica (Japanese arrowhead ) has S. ‘Porcelain’, illus. p.472. Standard green leaves and bright orange-red, young
semiripe cuttings in summer. T All parts double flowers. Group. H to 6in (15cm). Bears semidouble, shoots and is usually cut back to near
white flowers with purple-blue edges. ground level to provide winter color.
may cause severe discomfort if eaten; the SAINTPAULIA H12–10. var. vitellina ‘Chermesina’, syn. S. alba
foliage may cause photodermatitis on S. ‘Powder Keg’, illus. p.472. Large ‘Chermesina’ has carmine-red, young
contact. African violet Group. H 4–6in (10–15cm). Bears dark winter shoots.
R. graveolens (Common rue). ‘Jackman’s green leaves and semidouble, deep red S. apoda, illus. p.356.
Blue’, illus. p.159. GESNERIACEAE flowers, with white margins to petals. S. arbuscula (Mountain willow).
H12–10. Deciduous, spreading shrub. H and S 2ft
690 Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming S. ‘Rainbow’s Limelight’. Standard (60cm) or more. In spring, dark brown
perennials, grown for their showy flowers. Group. H 4–6in (10–15cm). Has mid-green stems produce narrowly oval, toothed
Needs a constant temperature, a humid leaves and single, lime-green and yellow leaves and white-haired, sometimes red-
atmosphere, partial shade and fertile soil. flowers. tinged, yellow catkins. Is suitable for a
Propagate by leaf cuttings in summer. S. ‘Rococo Anna’, syn. S. ‘Rococo Pink’. rock garden. Z3–9 H9–1.
Whitefly and mealy bug may cause Standard Group. H to 6in (15cm). Bears S. babylonica (Weeping willow).
problems with indoor plants. double, iridescent pink flowers. H12–10. Deciduous, weeping tree with slender,
S. ‘Rococo Pink’. See S. ‘Rococo Anna’. pendent shoots that reach almost to the
African violet cultivars ground. H and S 40ft (12m). Bears narrowly
There are over 2, 000 cultivars, mainly
derived from S. ionantha, with star- or bell-

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lance-shaped, long-pointed leaves. Has H 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm), S 16in (40cm) or more. upright annuals. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). terminal racemes of softly hairy, maroon- S
yellowish-green catkins in early spring. Is Small, narrowly oval to linear, pale green Has lance-shaped, pale green leaves. spotted, pale yellow flowers, with red-
susceptible to canker and has been largely leaves are densely set on short branchlets Outward-facing, widely flared, trumpet- brown marks on lower lips. Z7–9 H9–7. 691
replaced in cultivation by S. x sepulcralis that produce brownish-pink catkins in shaped, conspicuously veined flowers, 2in S. grahamii. See S. microphylla var.
var. chrysocoma. Z6–9 H9–1. var. spring. Is suitable for a rock garden or (5cm) across, are produced in summer and microphylla.
pekinensis ‘Tortuosa’, syn. S. matsudana bank. Needs partial shade and damp soil. early fall. Is available in mixture of rich S. greggii. Evergreen, erect subshrub.
‘Tortuosa’, illus. p.80. Is often confused with the very similar colors. Casino Series are available in red, H to 3ft (1m), S to 2ft (60cm). Leaves are
S. bockii. Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S. furcata (syn. S. fruticulosa, S. hylematica), blue, purple, yellow or orange flowers. narrowly oblong and matt, deep green.
S 8ft (2.5m). Has slender, upright, gray- which is more lax, with spreading, ‘Friendship’ has upward-facing flowers Has terminal racemes of bright red-purple
hairy shoots and oblong, glossy, bright sometimes erect stems. Z7–8 H8–7. in a range of colors. flowers in fall. Z7–9 H9–4. ‘Devon
green leaves, with silky-hairy undersides. S. magnifica. Deciduous, upright shrub. Cream’. See S. greggii ‘Sungold’. ‘Icing
Usually female in cultivation; bears green H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Produces very SALVIA Sugar’ (illus. p.155) has deep purplish-
catkins in early and mid-fall. Z4–7 H7–1. long, slender, green catkins, on sturdy, red pink flowers, with frosted pink lower lips.
S. x boydii, illus. p.347. shoots, in spring, at same time as large, Sage ‘Sungold’, syn. S. greggii ‘Devon Cream’
S. caprea (French pussy willow, Goat magnolialike, blue-green leaves emerge. has warm yellow flowers.
willow). Deciduous, bushy shrub or tree. Z7–8 H8–7. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE S. guaranitica. Deciduous, upright
H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Oval leaves are S. matsudana ‘Tortuosa’. See S. subshrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (90cm).
dark green above, gray beneath. Catkins babylonica var. pekinensis‘Tortuosa’. Genus of annuals, biennials, perennials Branched, dark green stems bear ovate,
are borne in spring before foliage S. ‘Melanostachys’. See S. gracilistyla and evergreen or semievergreen shrubs hairy, wrinkled, mid-green leaves. Deep
emerges: females are silky and gray, males ‘Melanostachys’. and subshrubs, grown for their tubular, blue flowers, with purple calyces, are
are gray with yellow anthers. Z6–8 H8–6. S. moupinensis of gardens. See S. fargesii. 2-lipped, often brightly colored flowers and produced in terminal and axillary spikes
‘Kilmarnock’, H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 6ft (2m), S. pentandra (Bay willow, Laurel willow). aromatic foliage. Leaves of some species from late summer to fall. Z7–10 H11–8.
is dense-headed and weeping. From early Deciduous, large shrub, then small tree may be used for flavoring foods. Needs ‘Black and Blue’ (illus. p.250) has rich
to mid- spring produces gray catkins that with broad, bushy head. H and S 30ft (10m). sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate blue flowers, with dark purple-blue calyces.
later become yellow. Oval, glossy, dark green leaves are blue- perennials by division in spring, perennials, Z7–10 H12–8. ‘Blue Enigma’ Clump-
S. chrysocoma. See S. x sepulcralis var. white beneath. Catkins—males bright shrubs and subshrubs by softwood forming perennial. H and S 3ft (1m). Has
chrysocoma. yellow, females gray-green—are produced cuttings in mid-summer, half-hardy annuals long racemes of small, slightly fragrant,
S. daphnoides, illus. p.69. in early summer, when tree is in full leaf. by seed sown under glass in early spring pale blue flowers, with green calyces, in
S. elaeagnos (Rosemary willow). Z5–9 H9–1. and fully-hardy species by seed sown summer–fall.
Deciduous, upright, dense shrub. H 10ft S. purpurea (Purple osier). Deciduous, outdoors in mid-spring. S. haematodes. See S. pratensis
(3m), S 15ft (5m). In spring, long shoots bushy, spreading shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). S. argentea, illus. p.250. Rosette-forming, Haematodes Group.
bear slender, yellow catkins as leaves Gray, male catkins, with yellow anthers, short-lived perennial. H 36in (90cm), S. horminum. See S. viridis.
emerge. These are narrowly oblong and and insignificant, female catkins are both S 24in (60cm). Has ovate to elliptic, toothed, S. involucrata. Bushy, woody-based
dark green, with white undersides, and borne on slender, often purple shoots in silvery-woolly leaves. From mid- to late perennial. H 2–21/2ft (60–75cm) or more,
turn yellow in fall. Z4–7 H7–1. spring, before narrowly oblong, deep summer bears many-branched, terminal S 3ft (1m). Has oval, mid-green leaves and,
S. exigua, illus. p.112. green leaves emerge. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘Nana’, panicles of white flowers, sometimes pink- in late summer and fall, racemes of large,
S. fargesii, syn. S. moupinensis. H and S 5ft (1.5m), is dense, with silver-gray flushed. Z5–8 H8–5. rose-crimson flowers. Z11–15 H12–10.
Deciduous, upright, open shrub. H and leaves; is good as a hedge. S. blepharophylla. Spreading, ‘Bethellii’, illus. p.221.
S 10ft (3m). Has purplish-red winter shoots S. repens, illus. p.147. rhizomatous perennial. H and S 18in S. x jamensis (S. microphylla x S. greggii).
and buds. Slender, erect, green catkins are S. reticulata, illus. p.357. (45cm). Has oval, glossy, dark green leaves Very variable, evergreen, bushy shrub. H 3ft
produced in spring, at same time as bold, S. x rubens ‘Basfordiana’. Deciduous, and slender racemes of bright red flowers, (1m), S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Has ovate to
oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. Z5–8 spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). with maroon calyces, in summer–fall. Z8–10 elliptic, toothed, mid-green leaves. In
H8–5. Has bright orange-yellow, young shoots in H10–8. summer–fall produces terminal racemes of
S. fragilis (Crack willow). Deciduous tree winter and long, narrow leaves, gray-green S. bulleyana. Rosette-forming perennial. 2-lipped flowers, varying in color from red
with broad, bushy head. H 50ft (15m), when young, becoming glossy, bright H and S 24in (60cm). Racemes of nettlelike, to rose-pink, salmon-pink and orange to
S 40–50ft (12–15m). Has long, narrow, green in summer. Yellowish-green catkins yellow flowers, with maroon lips, are borne creamy-yellow. ‘Hot Lips’ (illus. p.155) has
pointed, glossy, bright green leaves. are borne in early spring. Z5–7 H7–5. in summer above basal mass of broadly white upper flower lips and vivid red lower
Catkins, borne in early spring, are yellow S. sachalinensis ‘Sekka’. See S. undensis oval, coarse, prominently veined, dark lips but may also produce pure white or
on male plants, green on females. Z4–7 ‘Sekka’. green leaves. Z7–9 H9–7. pure red flowers. Z9–10 H10–9. ‘James
H7–1. S. x sepulcralis var. chrysocoma, syn. S. discolor. Semievergreen, compact Compton’ bears deep crimson flowers.
S. gracilistyla. Deciduous, bushy shrub. S. alba ‘Tristis’, S. chrysocoma, illus. p.69. subshrub. H and S to 3ft (1m). Ovate, silvery- ‘La Luna’ (illus. p.155) has creamy-yellow
H 10ft (3m), S 12ft (4m). Large, silky, gray S. ‘Stuartii’, syn. S. lanata ‘Stuartii’. Slow- green leaves and stems are covered in flowers with reddish-brown hairs on upper
catkins with red then bright yellow anthers, growing, deciduous, spreading shrub. H 3ft woolly, white hairs. Has terminal racemes lips. Z9–10 H10–9. ‘Maraschino’ (illus.
from early to mid-spring, are followed by (1m), S 6ft (2m). Has yellow winter shoots. of purple flowers, sometimes almost black, p.155) has cherry-red flowers. Z9–10 H10–9.
lance-shaped, silky, gray, young leaves that Sturdy, gray-green catkins open from from late summer to early fall. Z9–11 H12–3. ‘Pat Vlasto’ bears pink-suffused, orange
mature to bright, glossy green. Z5–8 H8–5. orange buds in spring, as oval, woolly, gray S. elegans ‘Scarlet Pineapple’ flowers. ‘Raspberry Royale’ produces
‘Melanostachys’, syn. S. ‘Melanostachys’ leaves emerge. Z5–9 H9–5. (Pineapple sage). Clump-forming, woody- bright raspberry-red flowers. ‘Red Velvet’
(Black willow) bears almost black catkins, S. undensis ‘Sekka’, syn. based perennial. H and S 3ft (1m). Hairy (illus. p.155) has velvety, red flowers, with
with red anthers, in early spring, before S. sachalinensis ‘Sekka’. Deciduous, stems bear heart-shaped, downy, glaucous dark calyces. Z9–10 H10–9. ‘Sierra San
bright green leaves emerge. spreading shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 30ft (10m). leaves, which are pineapple scented when Antonio’ (illus. p.155) bears peach-rose
S. hastata ‘Wehrhahnii’, illus. p.145. Has flattened shoots that are red in bruised. Bears loose panicles of large, flowers, with yellow lower lips. Z9–10 H10–9.
S. helvetica, illus. p.335. winter and lance-shaped, glossy, bright crimson-pink flowers in winter–spring. S. jurisicii. Rosette-forming perennial.
S. herbacea (Dwarf willow, Least willow). green leaves. Silver catkins are produced S. farinacea. f. alba Moderately fast- H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Stems are
Deciduous, creeping shrub. H 1in (2.5cm), in early spring. Z4–7 H7–1. growing, upright perennial, grown as an clothed with mid-green leaves, divided into
S 8in (20cm) or more. Has small, rounded S. vitellina ‘Pendula’. See S. alba ‘Tristis’. annual. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Has lance- 4–6 pairs of linear leaflets. In early summer
to oval leaves. In spring produces small, shaped, mid-green leaves. Spikes of white produces racemes of inverted, violet-blue
yellow or yellowish-green catkins. Is good SALPIGLOSSIS flowers are produced in summer. ‘Strata’, flowers. Z6–9 H9–6.
for a rock garden. Needs moist soil. illus. p.314. ‘Victoria’, illus. p.312. Dwarf S. lavandulifolia (Spanish sage).
S. irrorata. Deciduous, upright shrub. SOLANACEAE forms are also available. Prostrate, woody-based perennial.
H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Purple, young S. forsskaolii. Basal clump-forming H and S 12in (30cm). Has narrowly oblong,
shoots are white-bloomed in winter. Genus of annuals and biennials. Usually perennial. H and S 20in (50cm). Ovate, downy, aromatic, gray-green leaves.
Catkins with red then yellow anthers are only annuals are cultivated, either for color toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves mature to Spikelike racemes of violet to lavender-blue
produced from early to mid-spring, before in borders or as greenhouse plants. Needs dark green by summer. In summer produces flowers are borne from late spring to early
narrowly oblong, glossy, bright green sun and rich, well-drained soil. Stems need sparse whorls of violet-blue flowers, with summer. Z5–9 H9–5.
leaves emerge. Z5–9 H9–5. support. Deadhead regularly. Propagate by white and yellow markings on lower lips. S. leucantha (Mexican bush sage).
S. lanata, illus. p.147. ‘Stuartii’. See seed sown under glass in early spring, or S. fulgens, illus. p.156. Evergreen, erect, well-branched shrub.
S. ‘Stuartii’. in early fall for winter flowering indoors. S. glutinosa, illus. p.250. Clump-forming, H and S to 2ft (60cm) or more. Narrowly
S. lindleyana. Deciduous, creeping, mat- Aphids may be troublesome. sticky-hairy perennial. H and S 36in (90cm). lance-shaped, finely wrinkled leaves are
forming shrub with long, creeping stems. S. sinuata Bolero Hybrids Group Branched or unbranched stems bear heart- deep green above, white-downy beneath.
of moderately fast-growing, branching, shaped, toothed, mid-green leaves. From
mid-summer to mid-fall produces loose,

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SALVIA

S In summer–fall produces terminal spikes of S18in (45cm), have wavy-edged, rough, Series are in wide range of brilliant colors, SANCHEZIA
hairy, white flowers, from woolly, violet dark green leaves and lavender-blue including white, pink, purple and blue.
692 calyces. Z9–11 H12–4. flowers. ‘Indigo’ (illus. p.250) bears dark ‘Monarch Bouquet’. See S. viridis ACANTHACEAE
S. microphylla. ‘Cerro Potosi’ (illus. blue flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Pink Delight’ ‘Bouquet’. ‘Oxford Blue’, H 12in (30cm),
p.155) is an evergreen, erect, well-branched (illus. p.250) produces mid- to deep pink has violet-blue bracts. Genus of evergreen, mainly summer-
shrub. H and S 3–4ft (1–1.2m). Has oval to flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Swan Lake’ (illus. flowering perennials, shrubs and
elliptic, mid- to deep green leaves. Racemes p.250) has pure white flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. SALVINIA scrambling climbers, grown for their
of magenta flowers, aging to purple and S. sclarea var. turkestanica, illus. p.313. flowers and foliage. Requires full light
with purple-tinted calyces, are produced S. splendens. Slow-growing, bushy SALVINIACEAE or partial shade and fertile, well-drained
in late summer and fall. Z12–15 H12–10. perennial or evergreen subshrub, grown as soil. Water container plants freely when
‘Kew Red’ (illus. p.155) has large, almost an annual. H to 12in (30cm), S 8–12in Genus of deciduous, perennial, floating in full growth, less at other times. Tip
glabrous leaves and large, vivid red (20–30cm). Has oval, toothed, fresh green water ferns, evergreen in tropical prune young plants to promote branching.
flowers. Z12–15 H12–10. ‘La Foux’ (illus. leaves, and dense racemes of scarlet flowers conditions and aquariums. Prefers full light Propagate by greenwood cuttings in
p.155) is similar to S.m. ‘Kew Red’, but is in summer and early fall. Z11–12 H12–1. and warm water. Remove fading foliage, spring or summer. Is prone to whitefly
more intense in color and has purplish- ‘Blaze of Fire’ has brilliant scarlet flowers. and thin plants when crowded. Propagate and soft scale.
black calyces. Z12–15 H12–10. var. Cleopatra Series are available in mixed by division in summer. S. nobilis of gardens. See S. speciosa.
microphylla, syn. S. grahamii, S. neurepia, or single colors including salmon-pink and S. auriculata. Deciduous, spreading, S. speciosa, syn. S. nobilis. Evergreen,
illus. p.156. ‘Newby Hall’ (illus. p.155) has deep violet-purple flowers. Z11–13 H12–1. perennial, floating water plant, evergreen erect, soft-stemmed shrub. H 4–7ft
pale to mid-green leaves and bright red ‘Rambo’, H to 24in (60cm), is very tall, in tropical conditions. S indefinite. Has (1.2–2.2m), S 3–5ft (90–150cm). Glossy
flowers. Z12–15 H12–10. ‘Pink Blush’ vigorous, and bushy, with dark green leaves rounded, pale to mid-green leaves, leaves have yellow- or white-banded
(illus. p.155) bears reddish-pink flowers. and scarlet flowers. ‘Red Riches’, syn. sometimes suffused purplish-brown, in main veins. Tubular, yellow flowers are
Z12–15 H12–10. S. splendens ‘Ryco’, S12–16in (30–40cm), pairs on branching stems. Z14–15 H12–1. produced in axils of red bracts, in summer.
S. nemorosa, syn. S. virgata var. nemerosa. has dark green leaves and scarlet flowers. S. natans. Deciduous, perennial, floating Z14–15 H12–10.
Neat, clump-forming perennial. H 36in ‘Scarlet King’ has bright scarlet flowers water plant. S indefinite. Oval, elongated,
(90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has narrowly oval, in dense, terminal spikes in early summer. mid-green leaves are borne on branching SANDERSONIA
rough, mid-green leaves and, in summer, Z11 H11–10. Sizzler Series ‘Sizzler stems. Tolerates colder conditions than
branching racemes densely set with violet- Salmon Bicolour’ has dense racemes of other species and is often used in a cold- LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE
blue flowers. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Amethyst’ (illus. salmon-tinted, white flowers, with rich water aquarium.
p.250) has violet flowers, with purple salmon calyces. Vista Series, illus. p.308. Genus of one species of deciduous,
calyces and bracts. ‘Caradonna’ (illus. ‘Ryco’. See S. splendens ‘Red Riches’. SAMBUCUS tuberous climber, grown for its urn-shaped
p.250), H 12in (30cm), has blackish-purple S. x superba. Clump-forming, erect, flowers in summer. Needs a sheltered,
stems and bracts and bright purple flowers. branched perennial. H 24–36in (60–90cm), Elder sunny site and well-drained soil. Support
‘East Friesland’. See S. nemorosa S 18–24in (45–60cm). Leaves are lance- with sticks or canes. Lift tubers for winter.
‘Ostfriesland’‘Lubecca’ (illus. p.250), shaped to oblong, scalloped and mid- CAPRIFOLIACEAE Propagate in spring by seed or by naturally
H 18in (45cm), has pinkish-purple bracts green, slightly hairy beneath. Slender, divided tubers.
and deep blue flowers. ‘Ostfriesland’, terminal racemes of bright violet or purple Genus of perennials, deciduous shrubs and S. aurantiaca, illus. p.413.
syn. S. nemerosa ‘East Friesland’ (illus. flowers are produced from mid-summer to trees, grown for their foliage, flowers and
p.250), H 21∕2ft (75cm), is smaller. early fall. Z5–9 H9–5. fruits. Needs sun and fertile, moist soil. For SANGUINARIA
S. neurepia. See S. microphylla var. S. x sylvestris. Clump-forming, erect, best foliage effect, cut all shoots to ground
microphylla. branched perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 12in in winter or prune out old shoots and PAPAVERACEAE
S. officinalis (Common sage), illus. (30cm). Has lance-shaped to oblong, reduce length of young shoots by half.
p.155. Evergreen or semievergreen, bushy scalloped, softly hairy, mid-green leaves. Propagate species by softwood cuttings Genus of one species of spring-flowering,
shrub. H and S 20in (30cm). Lance-shaped, Dense, terminal racemes of pinkish-violet in summer, by seed in fall or by hardwood rhizomatous perennial. Needs sun or partial
downy, aromatic, gray-green leaves are flowers are produced from early to mid- cuttings in winter, some forms by cuttings shade and rich, moist but well-drained soil.
used as a culinary and medicinal herb. summer. Z5–9 H9–4. ‘Blauhügel’ (illus. Propagate by division of rhizomes in
Lax racemes of purple-blue flowers are p.250), H 18in (45cm), has mid-blue flowers only. T All parts may cause severe summer or by seed in fall.
produced in summer. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Alba’. and purple bracts. Z5–9 H9–4. ‘Mainacht’, S. canadensis, illus. p.348. f. multiplex
See S. officinalis ‘Albiflora’.‘Albiflora’, syn. S. x sylvestris ‘May Night’ (illus. p.250), discomfort if ingested, although fruits are ‘Plena’, syn. S. canadensis ‘Flore Pleno’
syn. S. officinalis ‘Alba’, H 2ft (60cm), H 36in (90cm), S 18in (45cm), has violet-blue safe when cooked; contact with leaves may is a clump-forming, rhizomatous
S 3ft (1m), has white flowers. flowers in late spring and summer. irritate skin. perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 12–18in (30–
‘Berggarten’ (illus. p.155), H 16in (40cm), ‘May Night’. See S. x sylvestris ‘Mainacht’. S. canadensis, syn. S. nigra subsp. 45cm). Has fleshy, underground stems
has a spreading habit and round-tipped, S. uliginosa (Bog sage), illus. p.250. canadensis (American elder, Black elder). that exude red sap when cut. Short-lived,
silvery-gray leaves. ‘Icterina’ (illus. Upright, branching perennial. H 6ft (2m), Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Aurea’ is a deciduous, upright rounded, fully double, white flowers, in
p.155) has gray-green leaves variegated S 18in (45cm). Has oblong to lance-shaped, shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Has large, golden- spring, are followed by large, rounded
with pale green and yellow. Occasionally deeply toothed, mid-green leaves and, in yellow leaves, divided into usually 7 oblong to heart-shaped, scalloped, gray-green
bears small spikes of purplish flowers fall, long racemes with whorls of bright blue leaflets. In mid-summer bears large, domed leaves, with glaucous undersides. ‘Flore
‘Purpurascens’ (illus. p.155), H 2ft flowers. Prefers moist soil. Z8–11 H12–7. heads of small, star-shaped, creamy-white Pleno’. See S. canadensis f. multiplex
(60cm), S 3ft (1m), has purple-flushed S. verticillata. Erect perennial. H 36in flowers, followed by spherical, red fruits. ‘Plena’. Z3–9 H9–1.
leaves when young. Z4–10 H10–1. (90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has ovate to elliptic, S. nigra (Elderberry, European elder,
‘Tricolor’ (illus. p.155) has very aromatic, deeply toothed, dark green leaves, with European red elder). Z6–8 Z6–8. ‘Aurea’ SANGUISORBA
cream-margined, gray-green leaves; large terminal lobes. Produces branched (Golden elder) is a deciduous, bushy shrub.
young leaves are flushed pinkish-purple. racemes with whorls of lilac to violet- H and S 20ft (6m). Has sturdy, corky shoots Burnet
Z7–8 H8–1. blue, occasionally white, flowers in and golden-yellow leaves divided into
S. patens, illus. p.250. Erect, tuberous summer. ‘Purple Rain’ (illus. p.250) usually 5 oval leaflets. Flattened heads ROSACEAE
perennial often grown as an annual. produces red-purple stems and flowers. of fragrant, star-shaped, creamy-white
H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 18in (45cm). Z6–8 H8–6. flowers, in early summer, are followed Genus of perennials, grown for their
Branching stems bear ovate to triangular, S. virgata var. nemerosa. See by spherical, black fruits. subsp. bottlebrushlike flower spikes. Requires
mid-green leaves, spear-shaped at base. S. nemorosa. canadensis. See S. canadensis. Dark green sun and moist soil. Propagate by division
From mid-summer to mid-fall produces S. viridis, syn. S. horminum. Moderately foliage of f. porphyrophylla ‘Guincho in spring or by seed in fall.
terminal racemes of widely 2-lipped, deep fast-growing, upright, branching annual. Purple’ matures to deep blackish-purple. S. canadensis, illus. p.437.
to pale blue or white flowers. Z8–9 H9–8. H 18in (45cm), S 8in (20cm). Has oval Bears purple-stalked flowers, pink in bud S. obtusa. Clump-forming perennial.
‘Cambridge Blue’ has pale blue flowers. leaves. Pink to pale purple flowers, and opening to white within, pink outside. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Arching stems
S. pratensis. Clump-forming, woody- enclosed by dark-veined, violet bracts, are Z6–8 H8–6. bear spikes of rose-crimson flowers in mid-
based perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 1ft (30cm). borne in spikes at tops of stems in summer S. racemosa (Red-berried elder). summer. Pairs of oval leaflets are pale green
Has ovate, wrinkled, toothed, mid-green, and early fall. H9–1. ‘Bouquet’, syn. Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). above, blue-green beneath. Z4–8 H8–3.
basal leaves. Erect, usually branched, S. viridis ‘Monarch Bouquet’ has blue, Mid-green leaves are divided into usually S. officinalis (Greater burnet). Z4–7 H8–3.
terminal spikes of violet, blue, pink or white rose-pink, white, deep carmine-pink or 5 oval leaflets. Star-shaped, creamy-yellow ‘Rubra’ is a clump-forming perennial.
flowers are borne in summer. Z7–10 H10–7. purple bracts; also available as single flowers, borne in dense, conical clusters in H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces small
Haematodes Group, syn. S. haematodes, colors. Z11–15 H12–10. Bracts of Claryssa mid-spring, are followed by spherical, red spikes of red-brown flowers in late
fruits. Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Plumosa’ has leaves summer. Mid-green leaves are divided
with finely cut leaflets. ‘Plumosa Aurea’, into oval leaflets. Z3–8 H8–1.
illus. p.139. S. tenuifolia ‘Alba’, illus. p.216.

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SANSEVIERIA SAPIUM dense shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Leaves are SATUREJA
small, oval, taper-pointed, glossy and dark
AGAVACEAE/DRACAENACEAE EUPHORBIACEAE green. Has tiny, white flowers, in winter, LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
followed by black fruits. Z6–9 H9–6.
Genus of evergreen, rhizomatous Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their S. hookeriana. Evergreen, upright, Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
perennials, grown for their rosettes of ornamental appearance. Prefers full light dense, suckering shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft semievergreen perennials and subshrubs,
stiff, fleshy leaves. Needs sun and tolerates and fertile, well-drained soil. Water (2m). Forms clumps of narrowly oblong, grown for their flowers and highly
most soil conditions if not over-watered. container plants freely when in full growth, pointed, dark green leaves. Tiny, white aromatic leaves. Is useful for rock gardens
Propagate by leaf cuttings or division in less at other times. Pruning is tolerated, flowers are produced in leaf axils in winter. and dry banks. Needs sun and well-drained
summer. if necessary. Propagate by seed in spring Fruits are black. Z6–9 H9–6. var. digyna, soil. Propagate by seed in winter or spring
S. cylindrica. Evergreen, stemless, illus. p.164. var. digyna ‘Purple Stem’ or by softwood cuttings in summer.
rhizomatous perennial. H 11/2–4ft or by semiripe cuttings in summer. T All has young shoots flushed dark purple-pink, S. montana (Winter savory).
(45cm–1.2m), S 4in (10cm). Has rosette and pink-tinged flowers. var. humilis. Semievergreen, upright perennial or
of 3–4 cylindrical, erect, stiff, fleshy, dark parts may cause severe discomfort if See S. humilis. subshrub. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm) or
green leaves, to 4ft (1.2m) long, with paler ingested; contact with their poisonous, S. humilis, syn. S. hookeriana var. humilis, more. Leaves are linear to oval, aromatic
horizontal bands. Racemes of small, milky sap may irritate skin. illus. p.164. and green or grayish-green. Produces
tubular, 6-lobed, pink or white flowers are S. sebiferum (Chinese tallow tree, S. ruscifolia. Evergreen, upright, loose whorls of tubular, 2-lipped, lavender
occasionally produced. Z12–15 H12–1. Vegetable tallow tree). Fast-growing, arching shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Has oval, flowers in summer. Z5–8 H12–1. ‘Prostrate
S. trifasciata (Mother-in-law’s tongue, evergreen, erect to spreading tree. H to 25ft glossy, dark green leaves and, in winter, White’, H 3–6in (7–15cm), has a prostrate
Snake plant). Evergreen, stemless, (8m), S 12ft (4m) or more. Rhombic to oval, creamy-white flowers, followed by red habit and bears white flowers.
rhizomatous perennial. H 11/2–4ft mid-green leaves turn red with age. fruits. Z8–9 H9–7. var. chinensis has
(45cm–1.2m), S 4in (10cm). Has rosette Clusters of tiny, greenish-yellow flowers narrower leaves. SAUROMATUM
of about 5 lance-shaped, pointed, erect, develop into rounded, black fruits covered
stiff, fleshy leaves, to 4ft (1.2m) long, by layer of white wax. Z8–10 H10–8. SARMIENTA ARACEAE
banded horizontally with pale green and
yellow. Occasionally produces racemes SAPONARIA GESNERIACEAE Genus of spring-flowering, tuberous
of tubular, 6-lobed, green flowers. perennials, grown for their tubular spathes
Z14–15 H12–1. ‘Golden Hahnii’, illus. Soapwort Genus of one species of evergreen, woody- that expand into waved, twisted blades.
p.476. ‘Hahnii’, illus. p.475. ‘Laurentii’, stemmed, scrambling or trailing perennial. Tubers will flower without soil or moisture,
illus. p.476. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Is suitable for hanging baskets. Needs and before leaves appear. Needs a
partial shade and rich soil that does not dry sheltered, partially shaded position and
SANTOLINA Genus of summer-flowering annuals and out. Propagate by seed in spring or by stem rich, well-drained soil. Water well in
perennials, grown for their flowers. Is good cuttings in summer or fall. summer. Dry off or lift when dormant in
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE for rock gardens, screes and banks. Needs S. repens, syn. S. scandens. Evergreen, winter. Propagate by offsets in spring.
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by slender-stemmed, scrambling perennial. S. guttatum. See S. venosum.
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering seed in spring or fall or by softwood H and S 2ft (60cm) or more. Tips of oval S. venosum, syn. S. guttatum, illus. p.403.
shrubs, grown for their aromatic foliage cuttings in early summer. leaves have 3–5 teeth. In summer produces
and their buttonlike flower heads. Needs S. ‘Bressingham’, syn. S. ‘Bressingham small, tubular, coral-pink flowers, SAURURUS S
sun and not too rich, well-drained soil. Hybrid’. Loose, mat-forming perennial. narrowed at the base and towards mouth,
Cut off old flower heads and reduce long H 3in (8cm), S 4in (10cm). Has small, which has 5 deeper pink lobes. SAURURACEAE
shoots in fall. Cut straggly plants back narrowly oval leaves. Flattish, deep vibrant S. scandens. See S. repens.
hard each spring. Propagate by semiripe pink flowers are borne in clustered heads in Genus of deciduous, perennial, bog and
cuttings in summer. summer. Is good for a trough. Z4–8 H8–1. SARRACENIA marginal water plants, grown for
S. chamaecyparissus, syn. S. incana S. ‘Bressingham Hybrid’. See S. their foliage. Prefers full sun, but tolerates
(Lavender cotton). Evergreen, rounded, ‘Bressingham’. Pitcher plant some shade. Remove faded leaves and
dense shrub. H 21/2ft (75cm), S 3ft (1m). S. caespitosa, illus. p.364. SARRACENIACEAE divide plants as required to maintain vigor.
Shoots are covered with woolly, white S. ocymoides, illus. p.364. Propagate by division in spring.
growth, and narrowly oblong, finely S. officinalis ‘Rubra Plena’. Upright Genus of insectivorous perennials, some of S. cernuus, illus. p.435.
toothed leaves are also white. Bright perennial. H to 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Has which are evergreen, with pitchers formed
yellow flower heads are borne in mid- oval, rough, mid-green leaves on erect from modified leaves with hooded tops. SAXEGOTHAEA
and late summer. stems. Clusters of ragged, double, red Needs sun or partial shade and rich, moist
S. incana. See S. chamaecyparissus. flowers are produced on upper part of but very well-drained, acid soil. Keep very PODOCARPACEAE
S. neapolitana. See S. pinnata subsp. flower stems in summer. Z3–9 H9–1. wet, except in winter, when drier conditions
neapolitana. S. x olivana, illus. p.362. are needed. Propagate by seed in spring. See also CONIFERS.
S. pinnata. Evergreen shrub mainly S. flava, illus. p.445. S. conspicua (Prince Albert’s yew). Conifer
grown as Z9–11 H12–9. subsp. SARCOCAPNOS S. purpurea, illus. p.439. that is conical to bushy in mild areas, more
neapolitana, syn. S. neapolitana, which is bushy in cold districts. H 15–50ft (5–15m),
of rounded and bushy habit. H 21/2ft (75cm), PAPAVERACEAE/FUMARIACEAE SASA S 12–15ft (4–5m). Needlelike, flattened, dark
S 3ft (1m). Slender flower stems bear head green leaves are produced in whorls at ends
of lemon-yellow flowers in mid-summer, Genus of spring-flowering perennials. Is GRAMINEAE/POACEAE of shoots. Bears globose, fleshy, glaucous
amid feathery, deeply cut, gray-green useful for rock gardens. Prefers sun and green cones. Z8–10 H10–8.
leaves. subsp. neapolitana ‘Sulphurea’, well-drained, alkaline soil. Propagate by See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
illus. p.159. seed in spring. and SEDGES. SAXIFRAGA 693
S. rosmarinifolia, syn. S. virens. S. enneaphylla. Loose, upright perennial. S. albomarginata. See S. veitchii.
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 2ft H and S 6in (15cm). Slender, much- S. palmata. Evergreen, spreading Saxifrage
(60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has finely cut, bright branched stems bear small, divided, bamboo. H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Produces
green leaves. Slender stem produces head glaucous green leaves with oval to rounded broadly elliptic, rich green leaves, to 16in SAXIFRAGACEAE
of bright yellow flowers in mid-summer. segments. In spring, small, spurred, (40cm) long. Hollow, purple-streaked stems
Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Primrose Gem’ has pale yellowish-white flowers, tipped with have one branch at each node. Flower Genus of often rosetted perennials, most
yellow flower heads. purple, are produced in short racemes. spikes are unimportant. Z7–11 H12–7. of which are evergreen or semievergreen,
S. virens. See S. rosmarinifolia. Protect from winter wet. Z6–8 H8–6. S. veitchii, syn. S. albomarginata, illus. p.284. grown for their flowers and foliage. Is
excellent in rock gardens, raised beds and
SANVITALIA SARCOCOCCA SASSAFRAS alpine houses. Propagate by seed in fall or
by rooted offsets in winter. For cultivation,
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Christmas box, Sweet box LAURACEAE saxifrages may be grouped as follows:
1—Needs moist soil and protection from
Genus of perennials and annuals. Needs BUXACEAE Genus of deciduous trees, with midday sun.
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. inconspicuous flowers, grown for their 2—Needs partial shade and well-drained
Propagate by seed in spring or early fall. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for aromatic foliage. Needs sun or partial soil. Is good among rocks and screes.
S. procumbens, illus. p.320. ‘Mandarin their foliage, fragrant, winter flowers and shade and deep, fertile, well-drained, 3—Thrives in well-drained rock pockets,
Orange’, illus. p.324. spherical fruits. Flowers are tiny—the only preferably acid soil. Propagate by seed or troughs, alpine-house pans etc, shaded
conspicuous part being the anthers. Is suckers in fall or by root cuttings in winter. from midday sun. Must never be dry at
useful for cutting in winter. Prefers deep S. albidum, illus. p.64. roots. Most form tight cushions and flower
or partial shade and fertile, not too dry soil. in early spring, flower stems being barely
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer visible above leaves.
or by seed in fall.
S. confusa, illus. p.142. Evergreen, bushy,

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S 4—Needs full sun and well-drained, alkaline panicles of red-spotted, white flowers on white flowers, often yellow-spotted at petal S. x urbium (London pride). Evergreen,
soil. Suits rock pockets. Most have hard red stems. Is ideal for a trough. bases, in late spring and early summer. rosetted, spreading perennial. H 12in
694 leaves encrusted in lime. S. cortusifolia var. fortunei. See Cultivation group 1. Z2–6 H6–1. (30cm), S indefinite. Has spoon-shaped,
S. aizoides. Evergreen perennial forming S. fortunei. S. x irvingii ‘Jenkinsiae’, syn. toothed, leathery, green leaves. Flower
a loose mat. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm) or S. cotyledon. Evergreen perennial. S. ‘Jenkinsiae’, illus. p.350. Cultivation stems bear tiny, star-shaped, at times pink-
more. Has small, narrowly oval, fleshy, H and S to 12in (30cm). Has large rosettes group 3. ‘Walter Irving’, is a very slow- flushed, white flowers, with red spots,
shiny, green leaves and, in spring–summer, of oblong to inversely lance-shaped, pale growing, evergreen, hard-domed in summer. Is useful as groundcover.
terminal racemes of star-shaped, bright green leaves, which die after flowering. perennial. H 3/4in (2cm), S 3in (8cm). Bears Cultivation group 1. Z6–7 H7–6.
yellow or orange flowers, often spotted In late spring and early summer produces minute leaves in rosettes. Stemless, cup- S. ‘Valerie Finnis’. Evergreen, hard
red, on hairy stems. Cultivation group 1. arching, conical panicles of cup-shaped, shaped, lilac-pink flowers are borne in cushion-forming perennial. H and S 4in
Z1–6 H6–1. white flowers, sometimes strongly early spring. (10cm). Short, red stems bear upturned,
S. aizoon. See S. paniculata. marked red internally. Cultivation S. ‘Jenkinsiae’. See S. x irvingii cup-shaped, sulfur-yellow flowers above
S. x anglica ‘Cranbourne’, syn. group 2. Z4–6 H6–1. ‘Jenkinsiae’. tight rosettes of oval, green leaves in
S. ‘Cranbourne’. Evergreen, cushion- S. ‘Cranbourne’. See S. x anglica S. linguata. See S. callosa. spring. Cultivation group 3. Z7–10 H10–7.
forming perennial. H and S 5in (12cm). ‘Cranbourne’. S. longifolia. Rosetted perennial.
In early spring produces solitary, cup- S. ‘Crenata’. See S. burseriana ‘Crenata’. H 24in (60cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Has SCABIOSA
shaped, bright purplish-lilac flowers on S. cuneifolia, illus. p.337. Cultivation long, narrow, lime-encrusted leaves. After
short stems just above tight rosettes of group 1. 3–4 years develops long, arching, conical Scabious
linear, green leaves. Flower stems are S. x elisabethae, syn. S. ‘Elisabethae’, to cylindrical panicles bearing numerous
longer if plant is grown in an alpine house. illus. p.357. Cultivation group 2. rounded, 5-petaled, white flowers in late DIPSACACEAE
Cultivation group 3. Z7–9 H9–7. S. exarata subsp. moschata. Evergreen spring and summer. Rosettes die after
S. x apiculata ‘Gregor Mendel’, syn. perennial forming a loose to tight hummock. flowering, and no daughter rosettes are Genus of annuals and perennials, some
S. ‘Gregor Mendel’, illus. p.357; cultivation H and S 4in (10cm). Rosettes comprise small, formed, so propagate by seed in spring of which are evergreen, grown for their
group 2. lance-shaped, sometimes 3-toothed, green or fall. In cultivation, hybridizes readily flower heads, which are good for cutting.
S. ‘Arco’. See S. x arco-valleyi ‘Arco’. leaves. Bears 2–5 star-shaped, creamy-white with other related species. Cultivation Prefers sun and fertile, well-drained,
S. x arco-valleyi ‘Arco’, syn. S. ‘Arco’. or dull yellow flowers, on slender stems, in group 4. Z6–7 H7–6. alkaline soil. Propagate annuals by seed
Evergreen perennial forming a tight summer. Cultivation group 1. Z5–7 H7–5. S. oppositifolia, illus. p.353; cultivation in spring, perennials by cuttings of young,
cushion. H and S 4in (10cm). In early spring subsp. moschata ‘Cloth of Gold’, illus. group 1. ‘Ruth Draper’ is an evergreen, basal growths in summer, by seed in fall
produces upturned, cup-shaped to flattish, p.377. loose mat-forming perennial. H 1–2in or by division in early spring.
pale lilac flowers almost resting on tight S. federici-augusti subsp. grisebachii (2.5–5cm), S 6in (15cm). Has small, opposite, S. arvensis. See Knautia arvensis.
rosettes of oblong to linear leaves. ‘Wisley Variety’, syn. S. grisebachii ‘Wisley oblong to oval, white-flecked, dark green S. atropurpurea (Pincushion flower,
Cultivation group 3. Z6–8 H8–6. Variety’, illus. p.353. Cultivation group 4. leaves closely set along prostrate stems. Sweet scabious). Moderately fast-growing,
S. ‘Bob Hawkins’. Evergreen perennial S. ferdinandi-coburgi. Evergreen, Large, cup-shaped, deep purple-pink upright, bushy annual. H to 3ft (1m),
with a loose rosette of leaves. H 1–2in cushion-forming perennial. H and S 6in flowers are borne in early spring just above S 8–12in (20–30cm). Has lance-shaped,
(2.5–5cm), S 6in (15cm). Bears small, (15cm). Forms rosettes of linear, spiny, foliage. Prefers peaty soil. lobed, mid-green leaves. Domed heads of
upturned, rounded, greenish-white glaucous green leaves and, in early spring, S. paniculata, syn. S. aizoon. Evergreen, scented, pincushionlike, deep crimson
flowers in summer on upright stems. bears racemes of open cup-shaped, rich tightly rosetted perennial. H 6–12in flower heads are produced on wiry stems in
Oval, green leaves are white-splashed. yellow flowers on red-tinged stems. (15–30cm), S 8in (20cm). In summer summer and early fall. Tall forms, 3ft (1m),
Cultivation group 1. Z6–8 H8–6. Cultivation group 3. Z6–8 H8–6. produces loose panicles of rounded, usually and dwarf, H 18in (45cm), are available with
S. x boydii ‘Hindhead Seedling’, illus. S. fortunei, syn. S. cortusifolia var. white flowers, with or without purplish-red flower heads in shades of blue, purple, red,
p.356; cultivation group 2. fortunei. Semievergreen or herbaceous, spots, on upright stems above rosettes of pink or white. Z4–11 H8–3.
S. ‘Brookside’. See S. burseriana clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in oblong to oval, lime-encrusted leaves. Is S. caucasica ‘Floral Queen’ is a clump-
‘Brookside’. (30cm). Has rounded, 5- or 7-lobed, fleshy, very variable in size. Pale yellow or pale forming perennial. H and S 24in (60cm).
S. brunoniana. See S. brunonis. green or brownish-green leaves, red pink forms also occur. Cultivation group 4. Large, frilled, violet-blue flower heads,
S. brunonis, syn. S. brunoniana. beneath. In fall produces panicles of tiny, Z2–6 H6–1. with pincushionlike centers, are produced
Semievergreen, rosetted perennial. H 4in mothlike, white flowers, with 4 equal- S. x primulaize, syn. S. ‘Primulaize’. throughout summer. Light green leaves
(10cm), S 8in (20cm). Small, soft green sized petals and 1 elongated petal, on Evergreen, loosely rosetted perennial. are lance-shaped at base of plant and
rosettes of lance-shaped, rigid leaves upright stems. Propagate by division in H and S 6in (15cm). In summer, branched segmented on stems. ‘Clive Greaves’,
produce masses of long, threadlike, red spring. Cultivation group 1. Z6–8 H8–6. flower stems produce star-shaped, salmon- illus. p.271. ‘Miss Willmott’ has creamy-
runners. Many of the rosettes die down ‘Rubrifolia’ has dark red flower stems pink flowers. Leaves are tiny, narrowly white flowers.
to large terminal buds in winter. Short and dark reddish-green leaves, beetroot- oval, slightly indented and fleshy. S. columbaria var. ochroleuca. See
racemes of 5-petaled, spreading, pale red beneath. Cultivation group 1. Z6–7 H7–6. S. ochroleuca.
yellow flowers are produced in late spring S. x geum. Evergreen, mat-forming S. sancta, illus. p.358. Cultivation group 2. S. graminifolia. Evergreen, clump-
and summer. Is difficult to grow; cultivation perennial. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 12in (30cm). S. sarmentosa. See S. stolonifera. forming perennial, often with woody base.
group 1. Z6–8 H8–6. Has shallow-rooted rosettes of spoon- S. scardica, illus. p.348. Cultivation H and S 6–10in (15–25cm). Has tufts of
S. burseriana, illus. p.348. Cultivation shaped, hairy leaves. In summer, star- group 3. narrow, grasslike, pointed, silver-haired
group 3. Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Brookside’, syn. shaped, pink-spotted, white flowers, deep S. sempervivum, illus. p.353. Cultivation leaves. In summer produces stiff stems with
S. ‘Brookside’ is a slow-growing, evergreen pink in bud, are borne on loose panicles group 3. spherical, bluish-violet to lilac flower heads
perennial forming a hard cushion. H 1–2in on slender stems. Cultivation group 1. S. ‘Southside Seedling’, illus. p.338. like pincushions. Resents disturbance. Is
(2.5–5cm), S to 4in (10cm). Has broadly Z6–8 H8–6. Cultivation group 4. suitable for a rock garden. Z5–7 H7–5.
linear, spiky, gray-green leaves. In early S. ‘Gloria’. See S. burseriana ‘Gloria’. S. stolonifera, syn. S. sarmentosa (Mother S. lucida, illus. p.341.
spring bears upturned, rounded, shallowly S. granulata, illus. p.332; cultivation of thousands). Evergreen, prostrate S. ochroleuca, syn. S. columbaria var.
cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers on short, group 1. ‘Plena’ is a clump-forming perennial with runners. H 6in (15cm) or ochroleuca. Clump-forming perennial.
red stems. Flowers of ‘Crenata’, syn. perennial. H 9–15in (23–38cm), S to 6in more, S 12in (30cm) or more. Has large, H and S 3ft (1m). In late summer, branching
S. ‘Crenata’ have fringed, white petals and (15cm) or more. Kidney-shaped, glossy, rounded, shallowly lobed, hairy, silver- stems bear many frilled, sulfur-yellow
red sepals. ‘Gloria’, syn. S. ‘Gloria’ has pale to mid-green leaves die down soon veined, olive-green leaves, reddish-purple flower heads, with pincushionlike centers.
dark reddish-brown stems, bearing 1 or 2 after flowering. Has loose panicle of large, beneath. Loose panicles of tiny, mothlike, Has narrowly oval, toothed, gray-green
flowers, with red sepals and white petals, rounded, double, white flowers in late white flowers, with 4 equal-sized petals leaves. Z4–9 H9–1.
in late spring. spring or early summer. Bulbils or resting and 1 elongated petal, are borne in summer S. rumelica. See Knautia macedonica.
S. callosa, syn. S. linguata, illus. p.337; buds form at base of foliage. on slender, upright stems. Makes good
cultivation group 4. S. ‘Gregor Mendel’. See S. x apiculata groundcover. Cultivation group 1. Z7–9 SCADOXUS
S. cochlearis. Evergreen, rosetted ‘Gregor Mendel’. H9–5. ‘Tricolor’, syn. S. ‘Tricolor’
perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 10in (25cm). Has S. grisebachii ‘Wisley Variety’. See (Strawberry geranium) has green-and-red AMARYLLIDACEAE
spoon-shaped, green leaves with white- S. federici-augusti subsp. grisebachii‘Wisley leaves with silver marks. Cultivation group 1.
encrusted edges. Produces loose panicles Variety’. S. stribrnyi, illus. p.354. Cultivation Genus of bulbs, grown for their dense,
of rounded, white flowers, often with red- S. hirsuta. Evergreen, mound-forming group 3. mainly spherical, umbels of red flowers.
spotted petals, in early summer. Cultivation perennial. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 8in (20cm). S. ‘Tricolor’. See S. stolonifera ‘Tricolor’. Requires partial shade and rich, well-
group 4. Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Minor’, H and S 5in Has rosettes of rounded, hairy leaves. S. ‘Tumbling Waters’, illus. p.333. drained soil. Reduce watering in winter,
(12cm), has smaller leaf rosettes and loose Bears loose panicles of tiny, star-shaped, Cultivation group 4. when not in active growth. Propagate by
seed or offsets in spring.
S. multiflorus, syn. Haemanthus
multiflorus. Summer-flowering bulb. H to

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28in (70cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has S. wallichii. Robust, evergreen, ovoid S. pinnatus. Moderately fast-growing, stigmas and stamens and with petals
broadly lance-shaped, semierect, basal tree or shrub. H 80–100ft (25–30m), upright, bushy annual. H 1–4ft (30cm–1.2m), of different lengths set in 2 rows. In the
leaves. Produces spherical umbel of up S 40ft (12m) or more. Elliptic to oblong, S 1ft (30cm). Has feathery, light green wild, frequently grows over mossy rocks,
to 200 narrow-petaled flowers. Z14–15 red-veined, dark green leaves are 4–7in leaves. In summer–fall bears rounded, rooting at ends of stem segments. Requires
H12–10. subsp. katherinae, syn. (10–18cm) long, red-flushed beneath. In lobed, multicolored flowers in shades of partial shade and rich, well-drained soil.
Haemanthus katherinae, illus. p.386. late summer has solitary, fragrant, cup- pink, purple, white or yellow. Z12–15 H8–1. Propagate by stem cuttings in spring or
S. puniceus, syn. Haemanthus magnificus, shaped, white flowers, 11/2in (4cm) wide, S. ‘Star Parade’. Compact annual with early summer.
Haemanthus natalensis, Haemanthus red-flushed in bud. Z9–10 H10–9. pyramidal habit. H 8–10in (20–25cm), S. ‘Bristol Beauty’, illus. p.488.
puniceus (Giant stove bush). Spring- and S 9–12in (23–30cm). Has almost fernlike, S. x buckleyi (Christmas cactus). Erect,
summer-flowering bulb. H 12–16in SCHINUS light green leaves. From spring to fall bears then pendent, perennial cactus. H 6in
(30–40cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has elliptic, tubular then flared, 2-lipped, white, yellow, (15cm), S 3ft (1m). Has glossy, green stem
semierect leaves in basal cluster. Leaf bases ANACARDIACEAE pink, purple or red flowers. Z12–15 H8–1. segments and produces red-violet flowers
are joined, forming a false stem. Flower in mid-winter. Z11–12 H12–1.
stem bears up to 100 tubular, orange-red Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, Schizocentron elegans. See S. ‘Gold Charm’, illus. p.486.
flowers in conical umbel surrounded by grown mainly for their foliage and for Heterocentron elegans. S. truncata, syn. Zygocactus truncatus,
whorl of red bracts. Z13–15 H12–1. shade. Needs full light and well-drained illus. p.487.
soil. Water container specimens SCHIZOPETALON S. ‘Wintermärchen’. Erect, then pendent,
SCAEVOLA moderately when in growth, hardly at all perennial cactus. H 6in (15cm), S 12in
in winter. Propagate by seed in spring CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE (30cm). Has glossy, green stem segments. In
GOODENIACEAE or by semiripe cuttings in summer. early fall bears white flowers that become
S. molle (Pepper tree, Peruvian mastic Genus of slender-stemmed, hairy annuals. pink-and-white in winter. Z13–15 H12–10.
Genus of short-lived, mainly evergreen tree). Fast-growing, evergreen, weeping Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil. S. ‘Zara’. Erect, then pendent, perennial
perennials but also scrambling climbers, tree. H and S to 25ft (8m). Fernlike Propagate by seed sown under glass in cactus. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
shrubs and small trees, grown for summer leaves are divided into many narrowly spring. glossy, green stem segments. Deep orange-
display, usually in containers. Needs sun or lance-shaped, glossy, rich green leaflets. S. walkeri. Moderately fast-growing, red flowers are produced in early fall and
partial shade and moist but well-drained, Has open clusters of tiny, yellow flowers, upright, slightly branching annual. H 18in winter. Z13–15 H12–10.
fertile soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings from late winter to summer, followed (45cm), S 8in (20cm). Has deeply divided,
in late spring or summer. by pea-sized, pink-red fruits. Z8–11 mid-green leaves and, in summer, almond- SCHOENOPLECTUS
S. aemula ‘Little Wonder’. Evergreen, H12–8. scented, white flowers with deeply cut and
trailing, bushy perennial, grown as an S. terebinthifolius. Evergreen shrub or fringed petals. H8–1. CYPERACEAE
annual. H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm). Has tree, usually of bushy, spreading habit.
spoon-shaped, rich green leaves. In H 10ft (3m) or more, S 6–10ft (2–3m) or SCHIZOPHRAGMA See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
summer produces 5-lobed, blue flowers, more. Leaves have 3–13 oval, mid- to deep and SEDGES.
with yellow ring round white throat. green leaflets. Tiny, white flowers, borne HYDRANGEACEAE S. lacustris subsp. tabernaemontani
in clusters in summer–fall, are followed by ‘Zebrinus’, syn. Scirpus lacustris var.
SCHEFFLERA pea-sized, red fruits, but only if plants of Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed, tabernaemontani ‘Zebrinus’, Scirpus
both sexes are grown close together. Z9–11 root climbers, useful for training up large tabernaemontani ‘Zebrinus’, illus. p.436.
SYN. BRASSAIA, HEPTAPLEURUM H12–9. trees. Flowers best in sun, but will grow
against a north-facing wall. Needs well- SCHWANTESIA S
ARALIACEAE SCHISANDRA drained soil. Tie young plants to supports.
Propagate by seed in spring or by AIZOACEAE
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, SCHISANDRACEAE greenwood or semiripe cuttings in summer.
grown mainly for their foliage. Needs S. hydrangeoides, illus. p.197. ‘Roseum’ Genus of cushion-forming, perennial
full light or partial shade and fertile, moist Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed, is a deciduous, woody-stemmed, root succulents, grown for their stemless
but well-drained soil. Water container twining climbers. Separate male and climber. H to 40ft (12m). Has broadly oval rosettes of unequal-sized pairs of keeled
specimens freely when in full growth, female plants are required in order leaves. Small, white or creamy-white leaves and daisylike, yellow flowers. Needs
moderately at other times. Pruning is to obtain fruits. Is useful for growing flowers, in flat heads, 8–10in (20–25cm) full sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
tolerated, if needed. Propagate by air- against shady walls and training up across, are produced on pendent side- seed or stem cuttings in spring or summer.
layering in spring, by semiripe cuttings pillars and fences. Needs sun or partial branches in summer; these are surrounded S. ruedebuschii, illus. p.491.
in summer or by seed as soon as ripe, in shade and rich, well-drained soil. by marginal, sterile flowers, with bractlike,
late summer. Propagate by greenwood or semiripe pink-flushed, pale yellow sepals. Z6–9 H9–6. SCIADOPITYS
S. actinophylla, illus. p.452. cuttings in summer. S. integrifolium, illus. p.197.
S. arboricola. Evergreen, erect, well- S. grandiflora var. rubrifolia of S. viburnoides. See Pileostegia SCIADOPITYACEAE
branched shrub or tree. H 6–15ft (2–5m), gardens. See S. rubriflora. viburnoides.
S 3–10ft (1–3m). Leaves are divided into S. henryi. Deciduous, woody-stemmed, See also CONIFERS.
7–16 oval, stalked, glossy, deep green twining climber. H 10–12ft (3–4m). Stems SCHIZOSTYLIS S. verticillata, illus. p.101.
leaflets. Mature plants bear small, spherical are angled and winged when young.
heads of tiny, green flowers in spring– Glossy, green leaves are oval or heart- IRIDACEAE SCILLA 695
summer. Z11–12 H12–1. shaped. Small, cup-shaped, white flowers
S. digitata. Evergreen, rounded to ovoid are produced in spring. Pendent spikes, Genus of rhizomatous perennials, grown LILIACEAE/HYACINTHACEAE
shrub or bushy tree. H and S 10–25ft (3–8m). 2–3in (5–7cm) long, of spherical, fleshy, for their flowers, which are excellent for
Leaves are hand-shaped, divided into 5–10 red fruits are borne in late summer on cutting. Requires sun and fertile, moist soil. Genus of mainly spring- and summer-
oval, glossy, rich green leaflets. Has tiny, female plants. Z7–9 H9–7. Propagate by division in spring. flowering bulbs, with leaves in basal
greenish flowers in large, terminal panicles, S. rubriflora, syn. S. grandiflora var. S. coccinea, syn. Hesperantha coccinea. clusters, grown for their spikes of small,
in spring, followed by tiny, globular, dark rubrifolia, illus. p.202. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Grandiflora’. See S. coccinea often blue flowers. Needs an open site,
violet fruits in fall. Z11–12 H12–1. ‘Major’. ‘Major’, syn. S. coccinea sun or partial shade and well-drained soil.
S. elegantissima, syn. Aralia SCHIZANTHUS ‘Grandiflora’, illus. p.279. ‘Mrs. Hegarty’ Propagate by division in late summer or
elegantissima, Dizygotheca elegantissima, is a vigorous, clump-forming, rhizomatous by seed in fall.
illus. p.457. Butterfly flower, Poor man’s orchid perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 9–12in (23– S. adlamii. See Ledebouria cooperi.
30cm). In mid-fall produces spikes of S. bifolia. Early spring-flowering bulb.
SCHIMA SOLANACEAE shallowly cup-shaped, pale pink flowers H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). Has 2
above tufts of grasslike, mid-green leaves. narrowly strap-shaped, semierect, basal
THEACEAE Genus of annuals, grown for their showy ‘Sunrise’, illus. p.278. ‘Viscountess Byng’ leaves that widen towards tips. Stem bears
flowers. Makes excellent pot plants. Needs has pink flowers that last until late fall. one-sided spike of up to 20 star-shaped,
Genus of one species of very variable, a sunny, sheltered position and fertile, well- purple-blue, pink or white flowers. Z3–8
evergreen tree or shrub, grown for its drained soil. Pinch out growing tips of SCHLUMBERGERA H8–1.
foliage and flowers. Is related to Camellia. young plants to ensure a bushy habit. S. campanulata. See Hyacinthoides x
Prefers sun or partial shade and rich, well- Propagate by seed sown under glass in CACTACEAE massartiana.
drained, neutral to acid soil. Water container early spring for summer–fall flowers and in S. chinensis. See S. scilloides.
plants freely in full growth, moderately late summer for plants to flower in pots in Genus of bushy, perennial cacti with erect, S. cooperi. See Ledebouria cooperi.
at other times. Pruning is tolerated, if late winter or spring. Is prone to damage then pendent stems and flattened, oblong S. hispanica. See Hyacinthoides x
necessary. Propagate by seed as soon as by aphids. stem segments with indented notches at massartiana.
ripe or by semiripe cuttings in summer. S. ‘Dwarf Bouquet’, illus. p.304. margins—like teeth in some species. Stem S. italica. See Hyacinthoides italica.
tips produce flowers with prominent

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S. japonica. See S. scilloides. tap root and deeply notched or warty ribs. slate-blue, occasionally white flowers in S. ewersii, syn. Hylotelephium ewersii.
S. litardierei, syn. S. pratensis. Clump- Needs full sun with some midday shade summer. Is suitable for a rock garden. Trailing perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm).
forming, early summer-flowering bulb. and very well-drained soil. Propagate by Z6–8 H8–6. Is similar to S. cauticola, but has more
H 4–10in (10–25cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). seed in spring. S. orientalis, illus. p.372. rounded, stem-clasping leaves, often tinted
Produces up to 5 narrowly strap-shaped, S. scheeri, syn. Ancistrocactus S. scordiifolia. Mat-forming, rhizomatous red, and dense, rounded flower heads. Z5–9
semierect, basal leaves. Stem bears dense megarhizus, Ancistrocactus scheeri, perennial. H and S 6in (15cm) or more. H9–5.
spike of flat, star-shaped, violet flowers. Echinocactus scheeri, illus. p.495. Bears narrowly oval, wrinkled leaves. S. ‘Herbstfreude’. Clump-forming
Z6–9 H9–6. S. uncinatus, syn. Ancistrocactus In summer–fall has racemes of tubular, perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Has
S. mischtschenkoana, syn. S. uncinatus, Echinocactus uncinatus, hooded, purple flowers, with white- oval, toothed, fleshy, gray-green leaves on
tubergeniana, S. ‘Tubergeniana’, illus. p.420. Glandulicactus uncinatus, Hamatocactus streaked lips. Propagate by division in sturdy, erect stems. In late summer and fall
S. non-scripta. See Hyacinthoides non- uncinatus. Globose to columnar, perennial spring. Z5–8 H8–5. bears broad, flattened, terminal heads of
scripta. cactus. H 8in (20cm), S 4in (10cm). Stem is small, star-shaped, brick-red flowers that
S. nutans. See Hyacinthoides non-scripta. blue-green. Areoles produce 1–4 very long, SEDUM fade to brown.
S. peruviana, illus. p.423. hooked, reddish spines and 15–18 straight S. heterodontum. See Rhodiola
S. pratensis. See S. litardierei. ones. Has cup-shaped, brown-green or Stonecrop heterodonta.
S. scilloides, syn. S. chinensis, S. japonica, reddish flowers, 3/4in (2cm) across, in S. kamtschaticum, syn. Phedimus
illus. p.413. spring. Z13–15 H12–10. CRASSULACEAE kamtschaticus. Semievergreen, prostrate
S. siberica (Siberian squill, Spring squill). perennial with overwintering foliage
Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Alba’, illus. p.416. SCOLIOPUS Genus of often fleshy or succulent annuals, rosettes. H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 8in (20cm).
‘Atrocoerulea’, illus. p.420. evergreen biennials, mostly evergreen or Bears narrowly oval, toothed, fleshy, mid-
S. socialis. See Ledebouria socialis. LILIACEAE/TRILLIACEAE semievergreen perennials and evergreen green leaves. Spreading, terminal clusters
S. tubergeniana. See shrubs and subshrubs, suitable for rock of star-shaped, orange-flushed, yellow
S. mischtschenkoana. Genus of spring-flowering perennials, gardens and borders. Needs sun and flowers are produced in summer–fall. Z3–8
S. ‘Tubergeniana’. See grown for their neat habit and curious prefers fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate H8–1. ‘Variegatum’, illus. p.377.
S. mischtschenkoana. flowers, which arise directly from buds perennials, subshrubs and shrubs by S. lydium, illus. p.374.
S. violacea. See Ledebouria socialis. on the rootstock early in the season. Is division or by softwood cuttings of non- S. ‘Matrona’, illus. p.279. Clump-
suitable for alpine houses, rock gardens flowering shoots from spring to mid- forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 20in
SCINDAPSUS and peat beds. Requires sun or partial summer or by seed in fall or spring, (50cm). Has oval, toothed, fleshy, purple-
shade and moist but well-drained soil. annuals and biennials by seed, sown under flushed, brown-green leaves on erect,
ARACEAE Propagate by seed when fresh, in glass in early spring or outdoors in mid- dark purple stems. In late summer bears
summer or fall. flattened, terminal heads of small, star-
Genus of evergreen climbers, closely S. bigelovii. See S. bigelowii. spring. T All parts may cause mild shaped, pink flowers. Z3–8 H9–1.
related to Epipremnum and grown for S. bigelowii, syn. S. bigelovii, illus. p.349. S. morganianum (Burro’s tail).
their pointed-tipped leaves. Is good as stomach upset if ingested; contact with Evergreen, prostrate, succulent perennial.
houseplants. Requires partial shade and Scolopendrium vulgare. See the sap may irritate skin. H 12in (30cm) or more, S indefinite. Stems
fertile, moist but well-drained soil. Water Asplenium scolopendrium. S. acre, illus. p.371. ‘Aureum’, illus. p.371. are clothed in oblong to lance-shaped,
well in growing season, sparingly at other S. aizoon, syn. Phedimus aizoon. almost cylindrical, fleshy, waxy, white
times. Propagate by stem-tip cuttings SCOPOLIA Evergreen, erect perennial. H and S 18in leaves. Has terminal clusters of star-
in summer or by layering in spring and (45cm). Mid-green leaves are oblong to shaped, rose-pink flowers in summer.
summer. SOLANACEAE lance-shaped, fleshy and toothed. In Z11–12 H12–1.
summer bears flat heads of star-shaped, S. obtusatum, illus. p.374.
S S. aureus ‘Marble Queen’. See Genus of spring-flowering perennials. yellow flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Aurantiacum’ S. palmeri. Evergreen, clump-forming
Epipremnum aureum ‘Marble Queen’. Prefers shade and fertile, very well-drained (illus. p.279) has rounded heads of dark perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm).
S. pictus ‘Argyraeus’, syn. Epipremnum soil. Propagate by division in spring or yellow flowers followed by red seed Bears sprays of star-shaped, yellow or
pictum ‘Argyraeum’ (Silver vine). Slow- capsules. orange flowers in early summer above
growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed, root by seed in fall. T All parts are highly toxic S. anacampseros, syn. Hylotelephium oblong-oval to spoon-shaped, fleshy,
climber. H 6–10ft (2–3m) or more. Heart- anacampseros. Semievergreen, trailing gray-green leaves.
shaped leaves are dark green with silver if ingested. perennial with overwintering foliage S. populifolium, syn. Hylotelephium
markings. S. carniolica, illus. p.260. rosettes. H 4in (10cm), S 10in (25cm) populifolium. Semievergreen, bushy
or more. Prostrate, loosely rosetted, perennial. H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 12in
SCIRPOIDES SCROPHULARIA brown stems bear oblong to oval, fleshy, (30cm). Terminal clusters of hawthorn-
glaucous green leaves. Has dense, sub- scented, star-shaped, pale pink or white
CYPERACEAE Figwort globose, terminal heads of small, cup- flowers are borne in late summer. Has
SCROPHULARIACEAE shaped, purplish-pink flowers in summer. broadly oval, irregularly toothed, fleshy,
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES S. ‘Bertram Anderson’. Clump-forming mid-green leaves. Z6–9 H9–6.
and SEDGES. Genus of perennials and subshrubs, some perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm). Has S. ‘Red Cauli’, illus. p.279. Clump-
S. holoschoenus, syn. Scirpus of which are semievergreen or evergreen. prostrate stems bearing rounded, toothed, forming, compact perennial. H 12–16in
holoschoenus (Round-headed club-rush). Most species are weeds, but some are fleshy, dusky-purple leaves. In late summer (30–40cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oval, toothed,
Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Variegatus’ is an evergreen, grown for their variegated foliage. Prefers bears rounded, flattened, terminal heads of fleshy, gray-purple leaves on erect stems.
tuft-forming, perennial rush. H 3ft (1m), partial shade and moist soil. Propagate by star-shaped, dark pink flowers. In summer bears cauliflowerlike, domed,
S 11/2ft (45cm). Rounded, leafless, green division in spring or by softwood cuttings S. caeruleum, illus. p.315. terminal heads of star-shaped, rich red
stems are striped horizontally with cream in summer. S. cauticola, syn. Hylotelephium cauticola. flowers.
and bear long-stalked, dense, spherical S. aquatica ‘Variegata’. See S. auriculata Trailing, shallow-rooted perennial with S. reflexum. See S. rupestre.
heads of egg-shaped, awned, brown ‘Variegata’. stolons. H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm). Has S. rosea. See Rhodiola rosea. var.
spikelets, from mid-summer to early fall. S. auriculata ‘Variegata’, syn. S. oval to oblong, stalked, fleshy, blue-green heterodontum. See Rhodiola heterodonta.
aquatica ‘Variegata’ (Water figwort). leaves on procumbent, purplish-red S. ‘Ruby Glow’, illus. p.279. Clump-
Scirpus holoschoenus. See Scirpoides Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. stems. Bears leafy, branched, flattish forming, deciduous perennial with
holoschoenus. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. Has heads of star-shaped, pale purplish-pink prostrate stems. H 8in (20cm), S 16in
Scirpus lacustris var. oval, toothed, dark green leaves with cream flowers in early fall. Cut back old stems (40cm), Has elliptic, toothed, fleshy, gray-
tabernaemontani ‘Zebrinus’. See marks. Remove spikes of insignificant in winter. purple leaves. In late summer bears loose
Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp. summer flowers. Z5–9 H9–5. S. erythrostictum. Clump-forming terminal heads of star-shaped, pink and
tabernaemontani ‘Zebrinus’. perennial. H 16–24in (40–60cm), S 16in ruby-red flowers. Z5–9 H9–1.
Scirpus setaceus. See Isolepis setaceus. SCUTELLARIA (40cm). Unbranched stems bear oval, S. rupestre, syn. S. reflexum, illus. p.345.
Scirpus tabernaemontani ‘Zebrinus’. toothed, fleshy, gray-green leaves. In late S. sempervivoides, syn. Prometheum
See Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp. Skullcap summer produces domed, terminal heads sempervivoides. Evergreen, basal-
tabernaemontani ‘Zebrinus’. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE of star-shaped, pink and white flowers, rosetted biennial. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 2in
with leafy bracts. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Frosty (5cm). Has oval to strap-shaped, leathery,
696 SCLEROCACTUS Genus of rhizomatous perennials, grown Morn’ has variegated, narrowly spoon- glaucous green leaves marked red-purple.
for their summer flowers. Needs sun and shaped leaves, edged with white. Flower Bears domed heads of star-shaped,
CACTACEAE well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood heads in late summer also display
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. variegation. ‘Mediovariegatum’ (illus.
Genus of perennial cacti, grown for their S. indica. Upright, rhizomatous perennial. p.279) bears yellow-green leaves with
depressed-spherical to club-shaped or H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 4in (10cm) or more. central, creamy-white mark.
columnar stems, each with a long, fleshy Leaves are oval, toothed and hairy. Has
dense racemes of long-tubed, 2-lipped,

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scarlet flowers in summer. Dislikes purple stems, toothed, green-purple rock gardens. Requires sun and moist but stained purple in centers, on long flower
winter wet. Is good in an alpine house. leaves and pinkish-green flowers opening well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall. stems in summer. Prefers rich, acid soil.
Z9–10 H10–9. from dark pink buds. S. ecalcarata, illus. p.341. Z6–9 H9–6.
S. sieboldii, syn. Hylotelephium S. ‘Gulle Dame’, illus. p.377. Evergreen,
sieboldii. Z6–9 H9–6. SELAGINELLA SEMIARUNDINARIA mat-forming, basal-rosetted perennial.
‘Mediovariegatum’, syn. S. sieboldii H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Has
‘Variegatum’ is an evergreen, spreading, SELAGINELLACEAE GRAMINEAE/POACEAE dark red leaves with long, white hairs, in
tuberous perennial with long, tapering spring and summer, gradually changing
tap roots. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm) or Genus of evergreen, mosslike perennials, See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES to green in winter.
more. Rounded, fleshy, blue-green leaves, grown for their foliage. Prefers partial and SEDGES. S. ‘Kappa’, illus. p.377. Evergreen, mat-
splashed cream and occasionally red- shade and needs moist but well-drained, S. fastuosa, syn. Arundinaria fastuosa, forming, basal-rosetted perennial. H 2–3in
edged, are in whorls of 3. Bears open, peaty soil. Remove faded foliage illus. p.287. (5–8cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Deep purple-
terminal heads of star-shaped, pink regularly. Propagate from pieces with red leaves are covered in cobwebs of white
flowers in late summer. Is good in an roots attached that have been broken off SEMPERVIVUM hairs.
alpine house. ‘Variegatum’. See plant year-round. S. montanum, illus. p.377. Evergreen,
S. sieboldii ‘Mediovariegatum’. S. kraussiana, illus. p.478. ‘Aurea’ is Houseleek mat-forming perennial. H 3–6in (10–15cm),
S. spathulifolium, illus. p.374. ‘Cape an evergreen, mosslike perennial. H 1/2in S 4in (10cm). Has dark green rosettes of
Blanco’, syn. S. spathulifolium ‘Cappa (1cm), S indefinite. Spreading, filigreed, CRASSULACEAE fleshy, hairy leaves. Star-shaped, wine-red
Blanca’, illus. p.375. ‘Cappa Blanca’. bright yellowish-green fronds are much- flowers are borne in terminal clusters in
See S. spathulifolium ‘Cape Blanco’. branched, denser towards growing tips Genus of evergreen perennials that spread summer. Is a variable plant that hybridizes
S. spectabile, syn. Hylotelephium and easily root on soil surface. Z6–9 by short stolons and are grown for their freely. Z5–8 H8–5.
spectabile (Everlasting, Showy H12–1. ‘Variegata’ has foliage splashed symmetrical rosettes of oval to strap- S. ‘Rosie’, illus. p.377. Evergreen, mat-
stonecrop). Clump-forming perennial. with creamy-yellow. Z6–9 H12–1. shaped, pointed, fleshy leaves. Makes forming, open-rosetted perennial. H 2–3in
H and S 18in (45cm). Has oval, indented, S. lepidophylla (Resurrection plant, ground-hugging mats, suitable for rock (5–8cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Green-flushed,
fleshy, gray-green leaves, above which Rose of Jericho). Evergreen, mosslike gardens, screes, walls, banks and alpine purple-red leaves have short, marginal
flat heads of small, star-shaped, pink perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Bluntly houses. Flowers are star-shaped with 8–16 hairs. Z4–9 H9–3.
flowers are borne in late summer. rounded, emerald-green fronds, aging spreading petals. Needs sun and gritty soil. S. tectorum (Hens and chicks, Roof
Flowers are attractive to butterflies. red-brown or gray-green, are produced Takes several years to reach flowering size. houseleek), illus. p.377. Vigorous, evergreen
Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Brilliant’, illus. p.278. in dense tufts. On drying, fronds curl Rosettes die after flowering but leave perennial. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S to 8in
‘Iceberg’ (illus. p.279) has pale green inwards into a tight ball; they unfold numerous offsets. Propagate by offsets in (20cm). Has purple-tipped, blue-green
leaves and heads of greenish-white when placed in water. Z8–10 H10–8. summer. leaves, sometimes suffused deep red. In
flowers that develop pink tinges with S. martensii, illus. p.478. S. arachnoideum (Cobweb houseleek), summer produces clusters of star-shaped,
age. ‘Stardust’ produces flower heads illus. p.377. Evergreen, mat-forming reddish-purple flowers. Z4–8 H8–1.
that may be white or pink on the same SELENICEREUS perennial. H 2–5in (5–12cm), S 4in (10cm)
plant. or more. Rosettes of oval, fleshy leaves with SENECIO S
S. spurium, syn. Phedimus spurius. CACTACEAE red tips are covered in web of white hairs.
Semievergreen, mat-forming, creeping Bears loose clusters of star-shaped, rose- COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE 697
perennial. H 4in (10cm) or more, Genus of summer-flowering, perennial red flowers in summer. Z5–8 H8–5.
S indefinite. Oblong to oval, toothed cacti with climbing, 4–10-ribbed, green S. ‘Blood Tip’, illus. p.377. Evergreen, Genus of annuals, succulent and non-
leaves are borne along hairy stems. stems, to 3/4in (2cm) across. Nocturnal, basal-rosetted, mat-forming succulent. succulent perennials and evergreen shrubs,
Large, slightly rounded heads of small, funnel-shaped flowers eventually open H to 4in (10cm), S to 12in (30cm). Has thick, subshrubs and twining climbers, grown
star-shaped flowers are borne in summer. flat. Needs sun or partial shade and rich, green leaves strongly suffused purple-red for their foliage and usually daisylike
Flower color varies from deep purple to well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or with deeper red, bristly tips. Z6–9 H9–6. flower heads. Some shrubby species are
white. Z4–9 H9–1. stem cuttings in spring or summer. S. calcareum, illus. p.377. Variable, now referred to the genus Brachyglottis.
S. ‘Stewed Rhubarb Mountain’. S. grandiflorus, illus. p.479. evergreen, mat-forming, basal-rosetted Shrubs are excellent for coastal gardens.
Clump-forming, compact perennial. H and perennial. H 2–3in (5–7cm), S 8–10in (20– Most prefer full sun and well-drained soil
S 12in (30cm). Has oval, toothed, fleshy, SELINUM 25cm). Has bluish-green leaves with dark (although S. articulatus and S. rowleyanus
pinkish-green leaves on erect stems. In late reddish-brown tips. Erect stems bear tolerate partial shade and need very well-
summer bears rounded, terminal heads UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE terminal clusters of star-shaped, red-based, drained soil). Propagate shrubs and
of star-shaped, pale green, pale pink and creamy-white flowers in summer. Is climbers by semiripe cuttings in summer,
darker pink flowers. Genus of summer-flowering perennials, excellent in a trough or on a dry wall. annuals by seed in spring, perennials
S. tatarinowii, syn. Hylotelephium suitable for informal gardens and backs of Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Extra’ (illus. p.377) has by division in spring, S. articulatus and
tatarinowii. Arching, spreading, tuberous borders. Prefers sun and well-drained soil. intense, dark leaf tips. S. rowleyanus by seed or stem cuttings in
perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Once established, roots resent disturbance. S. ciliosum, illus. p.375.
Rounded, terminal heads of star-shaped, Propagate by seed when fresh, in summer S. ‘Commander Hay’. Evergreen, basal- spring or summer. T All parts may cause
pink-flushed, white flowers are produced or fall. rosetted perennial. H 6in (15cm), S to 12in
in late summer above small, oval, toothed, S. wallichianum, illus. p.230. (30cm). Has inversely lance-shaped, glossy, severe discomfort if ingested.
green leaves borne along purplish stems. dark red leaves, with mid-green tips. S. articulatus, syn. Kleinia articulata
Is suitable for an alpine house. SEMELE Terminal clusters of dull greenish-red (Candle plant). Deciduous, spreading,
S. telephium. Rather variable, clump- flowers are produced in summer. Z7–10 perennial succulent. H 2ft (60cm),
forming perennial, sometimes with LILIACEAE/RUSCACEAE H10–7. S indefinite. Branching, gray-marked, blue
rather open, lax habit. H 24–28in S. ‘Gallivarda’, illus. p.377. Evergreen, stems have weak joints. Bears rounded to
(60–70cm), S 20in (50cm). Erect stems Genus of one species of evergreen, mat-forming, basal-rosetted perennial. oval, 3–5-lobed, gray leaves and flattish
bear oval, fleshy, blue-green leaves that twining climber. Male and female flowers H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Red heads of small, cup-shaped, yellow flowers
are often toothed. In late summer–fall are produced on the same plant. Needs leaves turn to orange-red in summer, then from spring to fall. Offsets freely from
bears domed, branched terminal heads partial shade and prefers rich, well- to purplish-red. Z5–8 H8–5. stolons. Z13–15 H12–10. ‘Variegatus’,
of star-shaped, reddish- or purplish-pink drained soil. Propagate by division or S. giuseppii, illus. p.377. Vigorous, illus. p.486.
flowers. Z4–9 H9–1. Atropurpureum seed in spring. evergreen, prostrate perennial. H in S. cineraria, syn. S. maritimus. Moderately
Group have red stems bearing dark red S. androgyna. Evergreen climber, twining flower3–4in (8–10cm), S 4in (10cm). Leaves fast-growing, evergreen, bushy subshrub,
leaves with pink flowers. ‘Gooseberry in upper part, branched and bearing oval are hairy, especially in spring, and have often grown as an annual. H and S 1ft
Fool’ (illus. p.279), H 20in (50cm), S 12in cladodes, 2–4in (5–10cm) long. H to 22ft dark spots at tips. Produces terminal (30cm). Has long, oval, very deeply lobed,
(30cm), bears red-flushed, greenish-gray (7m). Star-shaped, cream flowers are clusters of star-shaped, deep pink or red hairy, silvery-gray leaves. Rounded, yellow
leaves and domed heads of green and produced in notches on cladode margins, flowers in summer. Z7–9 H9–7. flower heads are produced in summer, but
white flowers. ‘Purple Emperor’ (illus. in early summer, followed by orange-red S. globiferum subsp. globiferum. See are best removed. Z8–11 H12–1. ‘Cirrus’
p.279), H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm), berries. Z9–10 H10–9. Jovibarba sobolifera. subsp. hirtum. has elliptic, finely toothed or lobed, silvery-
is neat and compact, with dark purple See Jovibarba hirta. green to white leaves. ‘Silver Dust’, illus.
leaves and pinkish-red flowers. SEMIAQUILEGIA S. grandiflorum. Evergreen, basal- p.315.
‘Strawberries and Cream’ (illus. rosetted perennial. H 4in (10cm), S to 8in S. compactus. See Brachyglottis compacta.
p.279), H and S 20–24in (50–60cm), has RANUNCULACEAE (20cm). Variable, densely haired, red- S. confusus. See Pseudogynoxys
tinted, dark green rosettes exude goatlike chenopodioides.
Genus of perennials, grown for their smell when crushed. Produces loose, S. Dunedin Hybrids. See Brachyglottis
flowers. These differ from those of terminal clusters of yellow-green flowers, Dunedin Group.
Aquilegia, with which it is sometimes
included, by having no spurs. Is good for

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SENNA

S. elegans. Moderately fast-growing, var. plurijuga, Cassia x floribunda. Small, funnel-shaped, 4- or 5-lobed, white grow in hot, dry climates. Needs full or
upright annual. H 18in (45cm), S 6in (15cm). Vigorous, evergreen or deciduous, flowers are borne from spring to fall. partial shade and well-drained, peaty,
Has oval, deeply lobed, deep green leaves. rounded shrub with robust stems. H and Z11–15 H12–10. sandy, acid soil. Propagate by runners in
Daisylike, purple flower heads are S 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Bright green leaves are summer or by seed when available.
produced in summer. H8–1. divided into 4–6 oval leaflets. Has very SERRATULA S. galacifolia, illus. p.349.
S. grandifolius, syn. Telanthophora large clusters of bowl-shaped, rich S. soldanelloides, illus. p.352. var.
grandiflora. Evergreen, erect, robust- yellow flowers in late summer. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ilicifolia is an evergreen, mat-forming
stemmed shrub. H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 6–10ft S. siamea, syn. Cassia siamea. Fast- perennial. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 4–6in (10–
(2–3m). Has oval, toothed, boldly veined growing, evergreen, rounded tree. Genus of perennials, grown for their 15cm). Has rounded, toothed leaves. In late
leaves, rich green above, red-brown-haired H and S 25–30ft (8–10m) or more. Leaves thistlelike flower heads. Requires sun and spring each flower stem bears 4–6 small,
beneath. Bears terminal clusters of small, are divided into 7–12 pairs of elliptic well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or pendent, bell-shaped flowers, with fringed
daisylike, yellow flower heads in winter– leaflets. Large terminal panicles of small, division in spring. edges and rose-pink centers shading to
spring. Z12–15 H12–1. cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers are S. seoanei, syn. S. shawii. Upright, white. Flowers of var. magna are rose-
S. greyi of gardens. See Brachyglottis borne in spring, followed by flat, dark compact perennial. H 9in (23cm), S 5–6in pink throughout.
Dunedin Group. brown pods. Z10–11 H12–10. (12–15cm). Stems bear feathery, finely cut S. unifora ‘Grandiflora’. Vigorous,
S. x hybridus. See Pericallis x hybrida. leaves and, in fall, terminal panicles of evergreen, mat-forming perennial with a
S. laxifolius. See Brachyglottis laxifolia. SEQUOIA small, thistlelike, purple flower heads. Is few rooted runners. H 3in (8cm), S 8in
S. laxifolius of gardens. See Brachyglottis useful in a rock garden. (20cm). Leaves are rounded, toothed,
Dunedin Group. TAXODIACEAE S. shawii. See S. seoanei. leathery and glossy. Flower stems bear
S. macroglossus (Cape ivy, Natal ivy). cup-shaped, white-pink flowers, with
Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining See also CONIFERS. SESLERIA serrated petals, in spring. Z5–8 H8–5.
climber. H 10ft (3m). Leaves are sharply S. sempervirens, illus. p.97.
triangular, fleshy-textured and glossy. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE SIBIRAEA
Loose clusters of daisylike, white flower SEQUOIADENDRON
heads, with yellow centers, are borne See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES ROSACEAE
mainly in winter. Z12–15 H12–10. TAXODIACEAE and SEDGES.
‘Variegatus’, illus. p.464. S. heufleriana (Balkan moor grass). Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
S. maritimus. See S. cineraria. See also CONIFERS. Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial grass. their foliage and flowers. Needs sun and
S. mikanioides, syn. Delairea odorata S. giganteum, illus. p.98. ‘Pendulum’ is H 20in (50cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm). Bears well-drained soil. Prune out old or weak
(German ivy, Parlor ivy). Evergreen, a weeping conifer. H 30ft (10m), S 6ft (2m) rich green leaves, glaucous beneath, and, shoots to base after flowering. Propagate
semiwoody, twining climber. H 6–10ft or more. Bark is thick, soft, fibrous and in spring, compact panicles of purple by softwood cuttings in summer.
(2–3m). Has fleshy leaves with 5–7 broad, red-brown. Has spiralled, needlelike, spikelets. Z5–8 H8–5. S. altaiensis. See S. laevigata.
pointed, radiating lobes. Mature plants incurved, gray-green leaves that darken S. laevigata, syn. S. altaiensis. Deciduous,
produce large clusters of small, yellow and become glossy. SETARIA spreading, open shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft
flower heads in fall–winter. Z12–15 H12–1. (1.5m). Has narrowly oblong, blue-green
S. monroi. See Brachyglottis monroi. SERAPIAS GRAMINEAE/POACEAE leaves and, in late spring and early
S. przewalskii. See Ligularia przewalskii. summer, dense, terminal clusters of tiny,
S. pulcher, illus. p.278. ORCHIDACEAE See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES star-shaped, white flowers. Z6–8 H8–6.
S. reinholdii. See Brachyglottis and SEDGES.
See also ORCHIDS. S. italica (Foxtail millet, Italian millet). SIDALCEA
S rotundifolia. S. cordigera. Deciduous, terrestrial Moderately fast-growing, annual grass
orchid. H 16in (40cm). Spikes of reddish or with sturdy stems. H 5ft (1.5m), S to 3ft MALVACEAE
S. rotundifolius. See Brachyglottis dark purple flowers, 11/2in (4cm) long, are (1m). Has lance-shaped, mid-green leaves,
rotundifolia. borne in spring. Has lance-shaped, red- to 11/2ft (45cm) long, and loose panicles of Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
S. rowleyanus, syn. Kleinia rowleyana, spotted leaves, 6in (15cm) long. Needs white, cream, yellow, red, brown or black grown for their hollyhocklike flowers.
illus. p.481. partial shade. flowers in summer–fall. Z9–10 H10–9. Needs sun and well-drained soil. Propagate
S. smithii. Bushy perennial. H 3–4ft S. macrostachya, illus. p.318. by division in spring.
(1–1.2m), S 21/2–3ft (75cm–1m). Woolly SERENOA S. ‘Loveliness’. Upright perennial. H 3ft
stems are clothed with long, oval, toothed, Setcreasea purpurea. See Tradescantia (1m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has buttercuplike,
leathery, dark green leaves. Daisylike, white PALMAE/ARECACEAE pallida ‘Purpurea’. divided leaves with narrowly oblong
flower heads, with yellow centers, are segments. In summer bears racemes of
borne in terminal clusters in early summer. Genus of one species of evergreen fan SHEPHERDIA shallowly cup-shaped, shell-pink flowers.
Likes boggy conditions. Z6–8 H8–6. palm, grown for its foliage. Requires full Z9–10 H10–9.
S. tamoides. Evergreen, woody-stemmed, light or partial shade and well-drained soil. ELAEAGNACEAE S. ‘Oberon’, illus. p.233.
twining climber. H 15ft (5m) or more. Has Water container plants moderately in S. ‘Puck’. Upright perennial. H 2ft (60cm),
ivy-shaped, light green leaves. In fall– growing season, less at other times. Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs, S 11/2ft (45cm). Has buttercuplike, divided
winter bears daisylike, yellow flower heads Propagate by seed or suckers in spring. grown for their foliage and fruits. Separate leaves with narrowly oblong segments. In
with only a few ray petals. Z6–8 H8–6. Red spider mite may be troublesome. male and female plants are needed in order summer bears racemes of shallowly cup-
S. repens (Saw palmetto, Scrub palmetto). to obtain fruits. Requires sun and well- shaped, deep pink flowers. Z6–8 H8–6.
698 SENNA Evergreen, rhizomatous fan palm, usually drained soil. Propagate by softwood S. ‘Sussex Beauty’. Upright perennial.
stemless. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 6ft (2m) or cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. H 4ft (1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has
LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE more. Palmate, gray to blue-green leaves S. argentea (Silver buffalo berry). buttercuplike, divided leaves, with
are divided into 6–20 strap-shaped lobes. Deciduous, bushy, often treelike shrub. narrowly oblong segments, and, in
Genus of evergreen trees, shrubs and Clusters of tiny, fragrant, cream flowers H and S 12ft (4m). Bears tiny, summer, shallowly cup-shaped, deep rose-
perennials, grown for their pealike flowers. are hidden among leaves in summer, and inconspicuous, yellow flowers amid pink flowers. Z6–8 H8–6.
Requires full sun and moist but well- are followed by egg-shaped, purple-black oblong, silvery-gray leaves in spring,
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring fruits. Z9–11 H12–9. followed by small, egg-shaped, bright red SIDERITIS
or by semiripe cuttings in summer, divide fruits. Z3–6 H6–1.
perennials in spring. SERISSA LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
S. artemisioides, syn. Cassia SHIBATAEA
artemisioides (Silver cassia). Evergreen, RUBIACEAE Genus of evergreen perennials, subshrubs
erect to spreading, wiry shrub. H and GRAMINEAE/POACEAE and shrubs, grown mainly for their foliage.
S 3–6ft (1–2m). Leaves are divided into Genus of one species of evergreen shrub, Needs full light and well-drained soil.
6–8 linear leaflets covered with silky, white grown for its overall appearance. Needs See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES Water container plants moderately, less
down. Axillary spikes of cup-shaped, sun or partial shade and fertile, well- and SEDGES. when temperatures are low. Remove spent
yellow flowers are produced from winter drained soil. Water container specimens S. kumasasa, illus. p.287. flower spikes after flowering. Propagate by
to early summer. moderately, less when not in growth. May seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
S. corymbosa, syn. Cassia corymbosa, be trimmed after flowering. Propagate by SHORTIA summer.
illus. p.459. semiripe cuttings in summer. S. candicans. Evergreen, erect, well-
S. didymobotrya, syn. Cassia S. foetida. See S. japonica. DIAPENSIACEAE branched shrub. H to 21/2ft (75cm), S to 2ft
didymobotrya, illus. p.459. S. japonica, syn. S. foetida. Evergreen, (60cm). Lance-shaped to narrowly oval
S. x floribunda, syn. Cassia corymbosa spreading to rounded, freely branching Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering or triangular leaves bear dense, white
shrub. H to 2ft (60cm), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). perennials, grown for their leaves that often
Has tiny, oval, lustrous, deep green leaves. turn red in fall–winter. Buds may be frosted
in areas without snow cover. Is difficult to