毛芋头薯蓣Dioscorea kamoonensis Kunth
毛芋头薯蓣Dioscorea kamoonensis Kunth
28. 毛芋头薯蓣 毛芋头（四川南川金佛山）图版27: 3-6
Dioscorea kamoonensis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 395. 1850; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 290. 1892; Piain et Burkill in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal n. s. 10: 21. 1914, et in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 14 (1): 146, pl. 62-64, pl. 66-67. 1936. R. Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenr. 87 (4-43): 140. 1924. ——D. delavayi Franch. et D. fargesii Franch. in Rev. Hort. Paris 541. 1896. ——D. dissecta R. Knuth l. c. 355. ——D. firma R. Knuth l. c. 141. ——D. mairei R. Knuth l. c. 144, non Levl. ——D. mengtzeana R. Knuth l. c. 142. D. subfusca R. Knuth l. c. 143. ——D. kamoonensis Kunth var. delavayi Prain et Burkill l. c. 14 (1): 146. 1936. ——D. kamoonensis Kunth var. fargesii Prain et Burkill l. c.——-D. kamoonensis Kunth var. straminea Prain et Burkill l. c. ——D. kamoonensis Kunth var. engleriana Prain et Burkill l. c. ——D. kamoonensis Kunth var. Praecox Prain et Burkill l. c.——D. kamoonensis Kunth var. vera Prain et Burkill l. c. ——D. Kamoonensis Kunth var. brevifolia Prain et Burkill l. c.
缠绕草质藤本。块茎通常近卵圆形，外皮有多数细长须根。茎左旋，密生棕褐色短柔毛，老时变疏至近无毛。掌状复叶有3-5小叶；小叶片椭圆形至披针状长椭圆形或倒卵状长椭圆形，有时最外侧的小叶片为斜卵状椭圆形，长2-14厘米，宽1-5厘米，顶端渐尖，全缘，两面疏生贴伏柔毛，或表面近无毛。叶腋内常有肉质球形珠芽，表面有柔毛。花序轴、小苞片、花被外面密生棕褐色或淡黄色短柔毛；雄花序为总状花序，或再排列成圆锥花序，常数个着生叶腋；雄花有短梗；小苞片2，三角状卵形，其中1个顶端尾状尖，3个发育雄蕊与3个退化雄蕊互生。雌花序为穗状花序，1-2个着生叶腋，雌花子房密生绒毛。蒴果三棱状长圆形，长1.5-2厘米，宽1-1.2厘米，疏生短柔毛；种子两两着生于每室中轴顶部，种翅向基部伸长。花期7-9月，果期9-11月。
分布于浙江南部、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南、西藏。生于海拔500-2900米林边、山沟、山谷路旁或次生灌丛中。
本种由于以前各作者划分种的概念不一，命名较为混乱，A. Franchet 1896. 发表2个新种 R. Knuth 1924 发表6个新种，D. Prain et I. H. Burkill 1914 又把 R. Knuth发表的6个种其中5个降为变种，I. H. Burkill 1936.又增添3个变种，以上模式标本大部分采自我国湖北、四川、云南等省，经我们野外观察及标本鉴定，认为以上文献所记载的新种及新变种，除高山薯蓣 D. henryi 地下部分为圆柱形的块茎，雄花苞片、小苞片背面有贴伏白色或银灰色毛，花被背面无毛等明显的特征可由变种提升为种外，其余都为本种的异名。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 24 (2000)
Dioscorea kamoonensis Kunth
毛芋头薯蓣 mao yu tou shu yu
Dioscorea bonatiana Prain & Burkill; D. dissecta R. Knuth; D. fargesii Franchet; D. firma R. Knuth; D. kamoonensis var. fargesii Prain & Burkill; D. kamoonensis var. straminea Prain & Burkill; D. mairei R. Knuth (1924), not H. Léveillé (1913); D. mengtzeana R. Knuth; D. subfusca R. Knuth.
Tubers usually subovoid; roots fibrous. Stem twining to left, brown puberulent when young, glabrescent. Bulblets present. Leaves alternate, palmately 3- or 5-foliolate; petiole 2--10 cm, very rarely softly prickly at base; leaflets paler abaxially than adaxially, obovate- or lanceolate-elliptic to elliptic, 2--14 × 1--5 cm, densely to sparsely puberulent, sometimes adaxially glabrescent, pinnately veined, base attenuate into indistinct petiolule, margin entire, apex long acuminate; lateral leaflets slightly smaller than middle one, oblique. Male spikes or racemes solitary or 2 or 3(--8) together, rarely branched, dense, to 7 cm, rarely forming axillary panicles to 8 cm; axis pale yellow to reddish spreading pubescent; peduncle densely brown or light yellow puberulent. Male flowers: solitary; pedicel 0.5--1.5 mm; bract and bracteole similar, triangular-ovate, 2--3.5 mm, exceeding perianth and forming an involucel around it, densely brown or light yellow puberulent, apex long acuminate; perianth lobes 1.5--2.5 mm, densely brown or light yellow appressed puberulent abaxially; stamens 3. Female spikes solitary or paired, rarely 3 together, to 24 cm. Capsule oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, 1.5--2(--2.4) cm, puberulent; wings 0.5--0.6(--0.75) cm wide. Seeds inserted near apex of capsule; wing pointing toward capsule base. Fl. Jul--Sep, fr. Sep--Nov.
Secondary scrub forests, forest margins, valleys; 500--2900 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, S Zhejiang [Bhutan, Sikkim, Vietnam].
Precociously flowering material has been recognized as a distinct species, Dioscorea ochroleuca K. Y. Guan & D. F. Chamberlain (Edinburgh J. Bot. 49: 85. 1992), but the present authors prefer to follow Prain and Burkill, who treated such material as an unusual growth form of D. kamoonensis. Material with deep red hairs was also recognized recently as a distinct species, D. brevifolia K. Y. Guan & D. F. Chamberlain (loc. cit.: 46), but, again, we prefer to include it within the very variable D. kamoonensis in which the indumentum color varies greatly. It should be noted that both names D. ochroleuca and D. brevifolia are invalid as they were based on the invalid names D. kamoonensis var. praecox Prain & Burkill and D. kamoonensis var. brevifolia Prain & Burkill, respectively, and thus lack validating diagnoses.
科名：薯蓣科 Dioscoreaceae
属名：薯蓣属 Dioscorea
28. 毛芋头薯蓣 毛芋头（四川南川金佛山）图版27: 3-6
Dioscorea kamoonensis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 395. 1850; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 290. 1892; Piain et Burkill in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal n. s. 10: 21. 1914, et in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 14 (1): 146, pl. 62-64, pl. 66-67. 1936. R. Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenr. 87 (4-43): 140. 1924. ——D. delavayi Franch. et D. fargesii Franch. in Rev. Hort. Paris 541. 1896. ——D. dissecta R. Knuth l. c. 355. ——D. firma R. Knuth l. c. 141. ——D. mairei R. Knuth l. c. 144, non Levl. ——D. mengtzeana R. Knuth l. c. 142. D. subfusca R. Knuth l. c. 143. ——D. kamoonensis Kunth var. delavayi Prain et Burkill l. c. 14 (1): 146. 1936. ——D. kamoonensis Kunth var. fargesii Prain et Burkill l. c.——-D. kamoonensis Kunth var. straminea Prain et Burkill l. c. ——D. kamoonensis Kunth var. engleriana Prain et Burkill l. c. ——D. kamoonensis Kunth var. Praecox Prain et Burkill l. c.——D. kamoonensis Kunth var. vera Prain et Burkill l. c. ——D. Kamoonensis Kunth var. brevifolia Prain et Burkill l. c.
缠绕草质藤本。块茎通常近卵圆形，外皮有多数细长须根。茎左旋，密生棕褐色短柔毛，老时变疏至近无毛。掌状复叶有3-5小叶；小叶片椭圆形至披针状长椭圆形或倒卵状长椭圆形，有时最外侧的小叶片为斜卵状椭圆形，长2-14厘米，宽1-5厘米，顶端渐尖，全缘，两面疏生贴伏柔毛，或表面近无毛。叶腋内常有肉质球形珠芽，表面有柔毛。花序轴、小苞片、花被外面密生棕褐色或淡黄色短柔毛；雄花序为总状花序，或再排列成圆锥花序，常数个着生叶腋；雄花有短梗；小苞片2，三角状卵形，其中1个顶端尾状尖，3个发育雄蕊与3个退化雄蕊互生。雌花序为穗状花序，1-2个着生叶腋，雌花子房密生绒毛。蒴果三棱状长圆形，长1.5-2厘米，宽1-1.2厘米，疏生短柔毛；种子两两着生于每室中轴顶部，种翅向基部伸长。花期7-9月，果期9-11月。
分布于浙江南部、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南、西藏。生于海拔500-2900米林边、山沟、山谷路旁或次生灌丛中。
本种由于以前各作者划分种的概念不一，命名较为混乱，A. Franchet 1896. 发表2个新种 R. Knuth 1924 发表6个新种，D. Prain et I. H. Burkill 1914 又把 R. Knuth发表的6个种其中5个降为变种，I. H. Burkill 1936.又增添3个变种，以上模式标本大部分采自我国湖北、四川、云南等省，经我们野外观察及标本鉴定，认为以上文献所记载的新种及新变种，除高山薯蓣 D. henryi 地下部分为圆柱形的块茎，雄花苞片、小苞片背面有贴伏白色或银灰色毛，花被背面无毛等明显的特征可由变种提升为种外，其余都为本种的异名。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 24 (2000)
Dioscorea kamoonensis Kunth
毛芋头薯蓣 mao yu tou shu yu
Dioscorea bonatiana Prain & Burkill; D. dissecta R. Knuth; D. fargesii Franchet; D. firma R. Knuth; D. kamoonensis var. fargesii Prain & Burkill; D. kamoonensis var. straminea Prain & Burkill; D. mairei R. Knuth (1924), not H. Léveillé (1913); D. mengtzeana R. Knuth; D. subfusca R. Knuth.
Tubers usually subovoid; roots fibrous. Stem twining to left, brown puberulent when young, glabrescent. Bulblets present. Leaves alternate, palmately 3- or 5-foliolate; petiole 2--10 cm, very rarely softly prickly at base; leaflets paler abaxially than adaxially, obovate- or lanceolate-elliptic to elliptic, 2--14 × 1--5 cm, densely to sparsely puberulent, sometimes adaxially glabrescent, pinnately veined, base attenuate into indistinct petiolule, margin entire, apex long acuminate; lateral leaflets slightly smaller than middle one, oblique. Male spikes or racemes solitary or 2 or 3(--8) together, rarely branched, dense, to 7 cm, rarely forming axillary panicles to 8 cm; axis pale yellow to reddish spreading pubescent; peduncle densely brown or light yellow puberulent. Male flowers: solitary; pedicel 0.5--1.5 mm; bract and bracteole similar, triangular-ovate, 2--3.5 mm, exceeding perianth and forming an involucel around it, densely brown or light yellow puberulent, apex long acuminate; perianth lobes 1.5--2.5 mm, densely brown or light yellow appressed puberulent abaxially; stamens 3. Female spikes solitary or paired, rarely 3 together, to 24 cm. Capsule oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, 1.5--2(--2.4) cm, puberulent; wings 0.5--0.6(--0.75) cm wide. Seeds inserted near apex of capsule; wing pointing toward capsule base. Fl. Jul--Sep, fr. Sep--Nov.
Secondary scrub forests, forest margins, valleys; 500--2900 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, S Zhejiang [Bhutan, Sikkim, Vietnam].
Precociously flowering material has been recognized as a distinct species, Dioscorea ochroleuca K. Y. Guan & D. F. Chamberlain (Edinburgh J. Bot. 49: 85. 1992), but the present authors prefer to follow Prain and Burkill, who treated such material as an unusual growth form of D. kamoonensis. Material with deep red hairs was also recognized recently as a distinct species, D. brevifolia K. Y. Guan & D. F. Chamberlain (loc. cit.: 46), but, again, we prefer to include it within the very variable D. kamoonensis in which the indumentum color varies greatly. It should be noted that both names D. ochroleuca and D. brevifolia are invalid as they were based on the invalid names D. kamoonensis var. praecox Prain & Burkill and D. kamoonensis var. brevifolia Prain & Burkill, respectively, and thus lack validating diagnoses.