Epidendrum secundum Jacq. 1760 GROUP Secundum SUBGROUP Secundum TYPE For the section
Photos by © Roger Graveson and his The Plants of Saint Lucia Webpage
Photo by © Jay Pfahl.
Photo by © Dale and Deni Borders.
Photos by © Eric Hunt plant grown by OrchidMania.
Photo by © Danny Lentz, plant grown by the Atlanta Botanical Garden.
Plant and Flowers in situ Minas Gerais, Brazil
Photo by © Ismael Nilton Vischi
TYPE Drawing by © Jacq. and The AMO Herbario Website
Common Name All the Flowers In One Plane Epidendrum
Flower Size 1/2" [1.2 cm]
Found in Puerto Rico, the Leewards, the Windwards, Trinidad & Tobago, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador?, Peru?, Bolivia and Brazil? as a large sized, warm to cold growing, reed stem terrestrial occuring at elevations of 600 to 3200 meters with erect, terete, leafy stems enveloped by tubular, scarious sheaths and carrying laxly many, ovate-lanceolate, leathery, acute, basally clasping leaves that blooms at any time of the year on a terminal, erect, long, simple to rarely branched, densly, successively several, many flowered, umbelliform inflorescence with acuminate bracts arising on mature canes and carrying color variable, long-lasting flowers.
"Epidendrum secundum Jacq. belongs to the GROUP Secundum SUBGROUP Secundum and is the TYPE for the group which is characterized by the caespitose habit, terete stems with several oblong-elliptic, acute to bilobed, distichous leaves, the scape elongate, with a short, apical raceme of successive, non-resupinate flowers, with a complicated, plurituberculate callus. The species is from the lesser Antilles and has smaller flowers, the petals oblanceolate-cuneate, obtuse, somewhat oblique and 3-veined, the sepals obliquely obovate, obtuse, 3-veined, with the lateral veins branching so as to appear 6-veined above, the lip trapezoid in outline, wider than long, the margin deeply fimbriate, the lateral lobes larger than the apical lobes, the apical lobe widely flabellate, truncate. It resembles Epidendrum lacerum which has narrow leaves, pale pink flowers, narrow acuminate, 3-veined sepals, acute petals and the lip with the lateral lobes much larger than the apical lobe which is about 5 times wider than the width of the lobes. Epidendrum ackermanii Hágsater, an endemic from Puerto Rico has lanceolate, acute leaves, rhombic, straight, 5-veined, petals, elliptic, acute, straight, 5-veined sepals and a subquadrate lip in general outline, slightly longer than wide, the outline irregular dentate-lacinate, the lip formed by subequal, suborbicular lobes, the apicar ones being somewhat larger; the flowers are pink, with a white blotch on the disc covering more than the callus. In Cuba it is vegetatively similar to E. wrightii Lindl. which has orange flowers, a deltate-ovate lip, V-shaped callus, prolonged into a central keel. It has been confused with Epidendrum flexuosum G. Meyer (syn: E. imatophyllum Lindl.) a myrmecophilous species from the mainland, that has a somewhat similar shaped lip, though generally longer, and two símple calli with a thin narrow, long keel in the middle." Adapted from E laceratum Icones 8 plate 848 Hagsater etal 2006
Synonyms Amphiglottis secunda (Jacq.) Salisb. 1812; Amphiglottis secunda (Jacq.) Britton 1924; Epidendrum ansiferum Rchb. f. 1854; Epidendrum antioquiense Schltr. 1920; Epidendrum brachyphyllum Lindl. 1853; Epidendrum bulkeleyi A.D.Hawkes 1957; Epidendrum corymbosum var. latifolium Cogn. 1898; Epidendrum crassifolium var. albescens Pabst 1976; Epidendrum cuzcoense Schltr. 1921; Epidendrum dichotomum C.Presl 1827; Epidendrum dolichopus Schltr. 1920; Epidendrum elongatum Jacq 1789; Epidendrum evectum Hook. f. 1871; Epidendrum expansum Rchb.f. 1877 ; Epidendrum fastigiatum Lindl. 1853; Epidendrum giroudianum Rchb. f. 1856; Epidendrum gracilicaule Rchb. f. & Warsz. 1854; Epidendrum herzogii Schltr. 1913; Epidendrum incisum Rchb. f. & Warsz. 1854; Epidendrum inconstans Ames ex Gleason 1931; Epidendrum lindenii Lindl. 1845; Epidendrum longihastatum Barb.Rodr. 1877; Epidendrum novogranatense Rchb.f. & Warsz. 1854; Epidendrum pachyphyllum Schltr. 1920; Epidendrum polyschistum Schltr. 1920; Epidendrum secundum f. albescens (Pabst) F.Barros 2002; Epidendrum secundum var. albescens (Pabst) F.Barros 1996; Epidendrum sulfuratorium Krause 1914; Epidendrum tarmense Schltr. 1921; Epidendrum tricallosum Schltr. 1919; Epidendrum versicolor Hoehne & Schltr. 1926;
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1854 as E ansiferum; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1854 as E gracicaule; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1854 as E novogranatense; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1854 as E incisum; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1856 as E giroudianum; Xenia Orchidaceae Vol 3 Reichenbach 1878 as E brachyphyllum; Symbolae Antillanae Vol VI Orchidaceae Urban 1909; Symbolae Antillanae Vol VI Orchidaceae Urban 1909 as E ellipticum; Symbolae Antillanae Vol VI Orchidaceae Urban 1909 as E lacerum; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 6: 72 Schlechter 1919; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 6: 38 Schelchter 1919 as E tricallosum; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 6: 73 Schlechter 1919 as E tricallosum; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 125 Schlechter 1920 as E antioquiense; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 131 Schlechter 1920 as E dolichopus; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 140 Schlechter 1920 as E pachyphyllum; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 143 Schlechter 1920 as E polyschistum; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 244 Schlechter 1920 as E antioquensis; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 246 Schlechter 1920 as E dolichopus; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 247 Schlechter 1920 as E fimbria; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 248 Schlechter 1920 as E lindenii; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 249 Schlechter 1920 as E novogranatense; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 249 Schlechter 1920 as E pachyphyllum; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 250 Schlechter 1920 as E polyschistum; *Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 94 Peru Schlechter 1921 as E tarmense; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 82 Schlechter 1922 as E cuzcoense; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 10: 70 Schlechter 1922 as E herzogii; Die Orchideen der Sudamerikanischen Kordillerenstaaten IV Peru Schlechter 1921 as E tarmense; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 10: 69 Schlechter 1922 as E brachypyllum; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. Figuren -Atlas 57: 460 Schlechter 1929 as E cuzcoense drawing fide; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. Figuren -Atlas 57: 177 Schlechter 1929 as E dolichopus drawing fide; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. Figuren -Atlas 57: 191 Schlechter 1929 as E pachyphyllum drawing fide; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. Figuren-Atlas 57: 194 Schlechter 1929 as E polyschistum drawing fide; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. Figuren-Atlas 57: 477 Schlechter 1929 as E tarmense drawing fide; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. Figuren-Atlas 57: 21 Schlechter 1929 as E tricallosum drawing fide; Flore Descriptive des Antilles Francaises H. Stehle 1939 drawing ok; Orchids of Peru Vol 2 Fieldiana Schweinfurth 1959 as Epidendrum dichotomum; Orchids of Peru Vol 2 Fieldiana Schweinfurth 1959 as E giroudianum; Orchids of Peru Vol 2 Fieldiana Schweinfurth 1959 as Epidendrum incisum; Orchids of Peru Vol 2 Fieldiana Schweinfurth 1959 as E gracicaule; Native Orchids of Trinidad Schultes 1960; Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated Vol 2 Dunsterville & Garay 1961 drawing good; AOS Bulletin Vol 33 #8 1964; AOS Bulletin Vol 36 #9 1967; AOS Bulletin VOl 38 No 6 1969; Flora de Venezuela Foldats Volumen XV Part 3 1970 drawing good; Fieldiana Biology, Vol 33, 1st Supple. to the Orchids of Peru Scweinfurth 1970; Flora of the Lesser Antilles Garay & Sweet 1974 drawing not!!! = E anceps; Orchidaceae Brasilense Band 1 Pabst & Dungs 1975 as E ansiferum drawing hmm; Orchidaceae Brasilense Band 1 Pabst & Dungs 1975 as E herzogii drawing hmm; Orchidaceae Brasilense Band 1 Pabst & Dungs 1975 as E longihastatum drawing fide; Orchidaceae Brasilense Band 1 Pabst & Dungs 1975 E versicolor drawing ok; Die Orchideen 3 Auflage Bd 1 Sonderabdruck aus Schlechter Lieferung 9 513 - 576 Brieger, Maatsch and Senghas 1977 as E dichotomum; Die Orchideen 3 Auflage Bd 1 Sonderabdruck aus Schlechter Lieferung 9 513 - 576 Brieger, Maatsch and Senghas 1977 as E antioquense drawing ok; Die Orchideen 3 Auflage Bd 1 Sonderabdruck aus Schlechter Lieferung 9 513 - 576 Brieger, Maatsch and Senghas 1977 as E sic farmense drawing ok; Orquideologia Vol 12 No 3/4 1977/8; AOS Bulletin Vol 48 No 3 1979; Orchids of Venezuela, An Illustrated Field Guide Vol 1 Dunsterville & Garay 1979 drawing good; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum plate 096 Dodson 1980 drawing ok; The Orchids of Surinam Werkhoven 1986; Orchids from The Coast Of Ecuador Arosemana, Jurado, Estrada and Konanz 1988 photo fide; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum Plate 071 Dodson & Bennett 1989 drawing ok; Native Colombian Orchids Vol 2 COS 1991 as E incisum photo fide; Inventaire Taxominique des Plantes de la Guyane Francaise Vol II Les Orchidaceaes Cremers and Hoff 1992; The Orchids of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands Ackerman 1992 drawing fide; The Manual Of Cultivated Orchid Species Bechtel, Cribb & Launert 1992 drawing/photo fide; The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids Pridgeon 1992 photo not = E anceps; Icones Orchidacearum 2 Plate 193 Hagsater, Sanchez 1993 see recognition section; Orquídea (Méx.) 13(1-2): 1993 drawing fide; An Orchid Flora Of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands Ackerman 1995 drawing fide; Manual Of Orchids Stewart 1995; AOS Bulletin Vol 67 No 11 1998 photo fide; Orchids of Venezuela [An illustrated field guide] Vol. 1 Ramiro and Carnevali 2000 drawing good; Native Ecuadorian Orchids Vol 2 Dodson 2001 photo ok; Icones Orchidacearum Vol 4 Plate 452 Hagsater & Sanchez 2001 see Recognition section; Botanica's Orchids Laurel Glen 2002 photo fide; Orquideas Nativas del Tachira Cesar Fernandez 2003 photo fide; Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana Vol 7 Steyermark, Berry, Yatskievych and Holst 2003 drawing ok; Machu Picchu Orchids Christenson 2003 photos fide; Orchids of Bolivia Vol 2 Laelinae Vasquez and Ibisch 2004 photo fide; Orchids of The Brazilian Central Plateau Menezes 2004 photo fide; Icones Orchidacearum Vol 7 Plate 701 Hagsater & Sanchez 2004 see Recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum Vol 7 Plate 737 Hagsater & Sanchez 2004 see Recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum Vol 7 Plate 761 Hagsater & Sanchez 2004 see Recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 7 Plate 786 Hagsater and Sanchez 2004 as E gracicaule see recognition section; Flora's Orchids Nash & La Croix 2005 photo fide; Orquideas Da Chapada Diamantina Brito & Cribb 2005 drawing fide; Icones Orchidacearum Part 8 Plate 848 Hagsater 2006 see recognition section; Orchid Species of Peru Zelenko Bermudez 2009 photo fide; Orchid Digest Vol 74 #3 2010 photo fide; Orquideas en Colombia Alzate 2010 photo fide; An Illustrated Field Guide to the Orchids of the Yotoco Forest Reserve Colombia Kolanowska, Escobar, Sanchez & Szlachetko 2011 drawing/photo fide; Orquideas de Roirama Luz & Franco 2012 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 82 #10 2013 photo fide; Orchidees Du Bresil As Orchideas da Serra Do Castello Vol 3 Chiron & Bolsanello 2013 drawing/photo fide; Orchids of Tropical America Meisel 2014 photo fide; Icones Orchidacearum 15 [1] Plate 1516 Hagsater & Sanchez 2015 see recognition section note; AOS Bulletin Vol 86 #3 2016 as Epidendrum elongatum drawing fide; Orchid Digest Vol 81 #1 2017 photo fide; Orquideas, Tesoro de Colombia Vol 2 Ortiz & Uribe 2017 drawing/photo fide; Orquideas, Tesoro de Colombia Vol 2 Ortiz & Uribe 2017 as E aff secundum drawing/photo fide; Orchid Digest Vol 81 #2 2017 photo fide; Icones Orchidacearum 16[1] Plate 1623 Hagsater / Santiago 2018 See recognition section; Orchid Digest Vol 83 #2 2019 photo fide; Icones Orchidacearum 17(1) Plate 1715 Hagsater & Jimenez 2019 see recognintion section; Icones Orchidacearum 17(1) Plate 1717 Hagsater & Jimenez 2019 see recognintion section; Icones Orchidacearum 17(1) Plate 1718 Hagsater & Jimenez 2019 see recognintion section
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