WO2011147359A1 - 获取介质访问控制地址的方法、装置和系统 - Google Patents

获取介质访问控制地址的方法、装置和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011147359A1
WO2011147359A1 PCT/CN2011/075331 CN2011075331W WO2011147359A1 WO 2011147359 A1 WO2011147359 A1 WO 2011147359A1 CN 2011075331 W CN2011075331 W CN 2011075331W WO 2011147359 A1 WO2011147359 A1 WO 2011147359A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arp
address
terminal
server
mac address
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PCT/CN2011/075331
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱国军
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP11786131A priority Critical patent/EP2566129A4/en
Priority to JP2013522075A priority patent/JP2013532927A/ja
Publication of WO2011147359A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011147359A1/zh
Priority to US13/659,034 priority patent/US20130044754A1/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/09Mapping addresses
    • H04L61/10Mapping addresses of different types
    • H04L61/103Mapping addresses of different types across network layers, e.g. resolution of network layer into physical layer addresses or address resolution protocol [ARP]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/59Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming using proxies for addressing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method, apparatus, and system for obtaining a medium access control address.
  • MAC Medium/Media Access Control
  • TCP/IP protocol Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
  • the network layer and the transport layer only care about the IP address of the target host. This results in the Ethernet protocol of the data link layer being connected to the data provided by the upper layer IP protocol when the IP protocol is used in the Ethernet, and only the IP address of the destination host. Therefore, a method is needed to obtain the MAC address according to the IP address of the destination host.
  • the host that initiates the communication searches for the destination host by sending an ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) broadcast, and obtains the MAC address of the destination host, and then joins the frame message as the destination address of the communication. For example, host A with IP address 192.168.1.5 sends data to host B with IP address 192.168.1.1 as an example. When sending data, Host A will look for its own IP address in its ARP cache table.
  • ARP Address Resolution Protocol
  • the target MAC address is "Host A's MAC address", which means that all the hosts in the same network segment are sent such an inquiry: "I am 192.168.1.5, my hardware address is "Host A's MAC address", I would like to ask for the IP address. What is the MAC address of 192.168.1.1? "Other hosts on the network do not respond to ARP queries.
  • ARP obtains the MAC address corresponding to an IP address through broadcast.
  • a large number of ARP broadcast messages will appear in the network when the number of hosts in a Layer 2 network is large and the communication between hosts is frequent. The network bandwidth is severely occupied.
  • the MAC address is obtained by this method. All hosts need to receive and process the ARP packet. However, only one host needs to respond, and the CPU resources of other hosts are consumed. The measured data shows that when the number of ARP packets per second reaches 1000, the CPU usage of the host is 30%, which causes serious waste of communication system resources and affects normal communication.
  • the ARP server sends an ARP response packet.
  • the ARP response packet includes a MAC address of the second terminal.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a proxy module, where the proxy module includes:
  • the ARP broadcast packet receiving module is configured to receive a first address resolution protocol ARP broadcast packet sent by the first terminal, where the first ARP broadcast packet is used to request to obtain a medium access control MAC address of the second terminal;
  • the module is configured to obtain an address of the ARP server, and modify the destination address of the first ARP broadcast packet to an address of the ARP server.
  • a repaired message sending module configured to send the modified first ARP broadcast message to the ARP server, so that the ARP server obtains the second terminal according to the modified first ARP broadcast message
  • the MAC address is sent to the first terminal, and the ARP response packet includes the MAC address of the second terminal.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a server, where the ARP server includes:
  • An IP address obtaining module of the second terminal configured to acquire the modified first ARP broadcast packet Describe the IP address of the second terminal
  • the MAC address obtaining module of the second terminal is configured to query a correspondence between the terminal IP address and the terminal MAC address, and obtain a MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the second terminal.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a system for obtaining a medium access control address, the system comprising a proxy module and an ARP server, wherein:
  • the proxy module is configured to receive a first address resolution protocol ARP broadcast message sent by the first terminal, where the first ARP broadcast message is used to request to obtain a media access control MAC address of the second terminal; and obtain an ARP server.
  • the address of the first ARP broadcast packet is changed to the address of the ARP server; the modified first ARP broadcast packet is sent to the ARP server;
  • the ARP server is configured to receive the modified first ARP broadcast packet sent by the proxy module, obtain the MAC address of the second terminal according to the modified first ARP broadcast packet, and send an ARP response.
  • the packet is sent to the first terminal, and the ARP response packet includes a MAC address of the second terminal.
  • the address of the ARP server is obtained, and the destination address of the first ARP broadcast packet is changed to the address of the ARP server.
  • the ARP broadcast packet is changed to the unicast packet sent only to the ARP server, which reduces the ARP.
  • the broadcast uses the bandwidth of the network.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is sent only to the ARP server, and the ARP server sends the MAC address ARP response packet including the second terminal, and the other receiving ends in the network receive the packet.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is not used, thereby avoiding the occupation of CPU resources of other receiving ends in the network, improving the resource utilization of the system and the communication efficiency of each terminal.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining a MAC address according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an information interaction diagram of a method for obtaining a MAC address according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a network structure provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is an information interaction diagram of a method for acquiring a MAC address according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is an information mutual diagram for updating address information of an ARP server in a method for obtaining a MAC address according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is an information interaction diagram of S409-410 in a method for obtaining a MAC address according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an information interaction diagram of a method for obtaining a MAC address according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is an information interaction diagram of a method for obtaining a MAC address according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention
  • a schematic diagram of the structure of the agent module provided in Example 7 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another proxy module according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an ARP server according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another ARP server according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for obtaining a medium access control address according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS In order to make the objects, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for obtaining a MAC address, where the method includes the following steps:
  • S101 Receive a first ARP broadcast packet sent by the first terminal, where the first ARP broadcast packet is used to obtain a MAC address of the second terminal.
  • S102 Obtain an address of the ARP server, and modify the destination address of the first ARP broadcast packet to an address of the ARP server.
  • S103 Send the modified first ARP broadcast packet to the ARP server, so that the ARP server obtains the MAC address of the second terminal according to the modified first ARP broadcast packet, and sends an ARP response.
  • the packet is sent to the first terminal, and the ARP response packet includes a MAC address of the second terminal.
  • the entity performing the steps S101-S103 may be a device for obtaining a MAC address, which may be a separate physical device, may be located in the software of the terminal communication, or may be located in the server. In the virtual switch, it can also be located on the switch. The location should be between the host network interface and the device at the Layer 2 network access layer before the ARP broadcast packet of the host is forwarded to the entire Layer 2 network.
  • the address of the ARP server is obtained, and the destination address of the first ARP broadcast packet is changed to the address of the ARP server.
  • the ARP broadcast packet is changed to the unicast packet sent only to the ARP server, which reduces the ARP.
  • the broadcast uses the bandwidth of the network.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is sent only to the ARP server, and the ARP server sends the MAC address ARP response packet including the second terminal, and the other receiving ends in the network receive the packet.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is not used, thereby avoiding the occupation of CPU resources of other receiving ends in the network, improving the resource utilization of the system and the communication efficiency of each terminal.
  • Example 2 As shown in FIG.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for obtaining a MAC address
  • the main body of each step in the method of the present implementation may be a device or a software module, and its location is in a network structure as shown in FIG.
  • the terminal network interface of the figure and the device of the Layer 2 network access layer are forwarded before the ARP broadcast packet of the host is forwarded to the entire Layer 2 network.
  • the ARP proxy module is used as an example.
  • the method includes the following steps: S201: The ARP proxy module receives the first ARP broadcast packet sent by the first terminal, where the first ARP broadcast packet is used to request to acquire the second terminal. MAC address;
  • the first ARP broadcast packet is a standard ARP broadcast packet, which includes a MAC address and an IP address of the packet sending end, an IP address of the packet receiving end, and a destination address of "FF.FF.FF.FF.FF.FF. The broadcast MAC address of FF", which means that all hosts in the same network segment are sent an inquiry, and all hosts in the same network segment receive the broadcast.
  • the first terminal before the first terminal sends a message to the second terminal, it checks that the local ARP table does not have a MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the second terminal, and the shell A ARP broadcast request: source MAC: MAC1; destination MAC: FFFFFFFFF; Content: "What is the MAC of IP2?"
  • the VM indicates the terminal with communication requirements; the first terminal whose IP address is IP1 knows the IP address of the second terminal, and the first terminal needs to communicate with the second terminal, the first terminal There is no ARP information of the second terminal locally; the first terminal initiates a broadcast of the ARP request.
  • the ARP proxy module obtains the address of the locally saved APR server, and modifies the destination address of the first ARP broadcast packet to the address of the ARP server.
  • the ARP proxy module can intercept the information sent by each terminal to the Layer 2 network device, because the ARP proxy module is located between each terminal network interface and the device of the Layer 2 network access layer.
  • the address information of the locally saved ARP server may be the IP address of the ARP server, or the MAC address of the ARP server, or the IP address and MAC address of the APR proxy server. If only the IP address of the ARP server is available. Then, the ARP proxy module needs to initiate a standard ARP request process to obtain the MAC address of the ARP server.
  • the destination MAC address of the first ARP broadcast packet is modified to the MAC address of the ARP server;
  • the ARP proxy module intercepts the ARP broadcast packet sent by the first terminal in S201, it will The destination MAC is replaced by MAC0. That is, when the ARP proxy module intercepts the ARP broadcast packet sent by the first terminal in S201, it first checks whether the local MAC address of the ARP server is already present, that is, MAC0. If MAC0 is already present, replace the packet with MAC0. The destination address, if there is no MAC information, only the IP information, the ARP request process is initiated, and the MAC address of the ARP server is obtained, and then the above replacement operation is performed. After the replacement is completed, the packet with the modified destination MAC address is sent to the network. If the MAC address of the ARP server is not obtained, the broadcast packet can be discarded or sent directly.
  • the ARP proxy module sends the modified first ARP broadcast packet to the ARP server according to the address of the ARP server.
  • the broadcast packet whose destination MAC address is modified becomes a unicast packet sent only to the ARP server.
  • the source MAC address of the ARP unicast request is MAC1
  • the destination MAC address is MAC0
  • the content of the packet is: "The MAC address of IP2 is How many? "
  • the ARP server After receiving the modified first ARP broadcast packet, the ARP server obtains the IP address of the second terminal in the modified first ARP broadcast packet.
  • S205 The ARP server obtains a correspondence between the locally stored terminal IP address and the terminal MAC address.
  • S206 The ARP server queries the terminal IP address and the terminal according to the IP address of the second terminal.
  • the ARP request packet whose destination MAC address is the MAC address of the ARP server is received by the ARP server.
  • the ARP server parses the content of the packet, obtains the IP address of the second terminal, and uses the locally stored MAC address of the terminal and the MAC address of the terminal. If the record is queried, the MAC address in the corresponding relationship is taken as the MAC address of IP2.
  • the ARP server sends an ARP response packet to the first terminal, where the ARP response packet includes a MAC address of the second terminal.
  • the ARP server sends the ARP reply message to the first terminal by using an ARP reply message.
  • the source MAC address of the ARP Replay packet is MAC address MAC0 of the ARP server, and the destination MAC address is MAC1 of the first terminal.
  • the MAC address is sent to the MAC2 of the second terminal, and the IP address is the IP2 of the second terminal.
  • the destination MAC Address of the packet is the MAC1 of the first terminal, and the destination IP Address is the IP1 of the first terminal.
  • Message content: The MAC of IP2 is MAC2.
  • S208 Acquire the ARP response packet, and replace the source MAC address in the ARP response packet with the MAC address of the second terminal.
  • the source IP address in the ARP response packet is replaced with the IP address of the second terminal.
  • the first terminal may communicate with the second terminal to send a communication message to the second terminal:
  • the source MAC address of the packet is the MAC address of the first terminal, that is, MAC1;
  • the destination MAC address is the MAC address of the second terminal, and S ⁇ MAC2.
  • the entity performing the steps may be a device for obtaining a MAC address, which may be a separate physical device, may be located in the software of the terminal communication, or may be located in the virtual server. In the switch, it can also be located on the switch.
  • the ARP broadcast packet is intercepted before the ARP broadcast packet sent by the terminal is forwarded by the switching device to the entire Layer 2 network.
  • the address of the ARP server is obtained, and the destination address of the first ARP broadcast packet is changed to the address of the ARP server.
  • the ARP broadcast packet is changed to the unicast packet sent only to the ARP server, which reduces the ARP.
  • the broadcast uses the bandwidth of the network.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is sent only to the ARP server, and the ARP server sends the MAC address ARP response packet including the second terminal, and the other receiving ends in the network receive the packet.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is not used, thereby avoiding the occupation of CPU resources of other receiving ends in the network, improving the resource utilization of the system and the communication efficiency of each terminal.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method for obtaining a MAC address, which includes steps S301-S310.
  • Steps S301-S308 are the same as steps S201-S208 in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and are not described herein again.
  • this embodiment is different from Embodiment 2 in that this embodiment further includes S309-S310:
  • the ARP server receives the GARP broadcast packet sent by the terminal.
  • the terminal when the terminal is started, or the network interface of the terminal is started, or the terminal changes the MAC address, the terminal sends a GARP broadcast message.
  • the format of the GARP broadcast packet is a standard GARP broadcast packet.
  • the ARP server obtains the terminal IP address in the GARP broadcast message, and determines whether there is a MAC address corresponding to the IP address in the correspondence between the locally stored terminal IP address and the MAC address. If not, the GARP is The correspondence between the IP address and the MAC address in the packet is stored in the correspondence between the locally stored terminal IP address and the MAC address. If yes, it is determined whether the MAC address corresponding to the IP address is in the GARP broadcast message. The MAC addresses are the same. If they are consistent, they are not processed. If they are inconsistent, the original MAC address is replaced with the MAC address in the GAPR broadcast packet.
  • mapping between the locally saved terminal IP address and the MAC address can be as shown in Table 1:
  • an aging timer can also be set for the received MAC address and IP address of each terminal, and the aging timer is used to record the MAC address of the stored terminal and The validity of the IP address.
  • the ARP server stores the address relationship in the GARP and starts aging. If the MAC address corresponding to the IP address exists, it is determined whether the MAC address corresponding to the IP address is consistent with the MAC address in the GAPR broadcast message. If the MAC address is consistent, the aging timer is updated. The current address of the terminal is considered valid; if not, the original MAC address is replaced with the MAC address in the GAPR broadcast message, and the aging timer is updated.
  • the ARP server may periodically send confirmation information to the data in the record table in a unicast manner; for example, as shown in FIG. 5, when the address information recorded in the ARP server, That is, the correspondence between the MAC address and the IP address, when the checksum is aging, the ARP server takes the form of ARP unicast packets, such as the source MAC address: ARP server MAC0; destination MAC address: MAC1 corresponding to IP1; packet content : "IP1 What is your MAC address?" The message is sent to the terminal. The terminal sends an ARP Reply unicast message to the ARP packet.
  • the ARP Reply unicast message is: The source MAC address is IP 1. MAC 1; Destination MAC is MAC0; message content is "IP1's MAC address is MAC1".
  • the ARP server receives and records the ARP Reply unicast packet, and then aging and verifying the information again after the next timeout.
  • the ARP server involved in this embodiment is located in the network, and can listen to broadcast messages initiated by other terminals, and the Layer 2 broadcast or unicast messages sent by the corresponding hosts can also be received by the corresponding host.
  • a server, or a network device, or an entity that can receive Ethernet message information in the network; each terminal in Layer 2 Ethernet broadcasts when the initial startup, network interface card activation, or MAC address change occurs The form sends a GARP (Gratuitous ARP) to the network to notify the network device to update the forwarding table information, and at the same time, it is convenient for other devices to refresh the local ARP record table.
  • GARP Garuitous ARP
  • the address of the ARP server is obtained, and the destination address of the first ARP broadcast packet is changed to the address of the ARP server.
  • the ARP broadcast packet is changed to the unicast packet sent only to the ARP server, which reduces the ARP.
  • the broadcast uses the bandwidth of the network.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is sent only.
  • the ARP server sends an ARP response packet including the MAC address of the second terminal to the ARP server, and the other receiving ends of the network cannot receive the modified ARP broadcast packet, thereby avoiding other receiving in the network.
  • the occupation of CPU resources increases the resource utilization of the system and the communication efficiency of each terminal.
  • the ARP server actively obtains the correspondence between the IP address and the MAC address of each terminal, and updates the corresponding relationship of the local storage according to the GARP packet sent by the terminal, thereby effectively ensuring the locally stored address.
  • the reliability of the information is described below.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for obtaining a MAC address.
  • the method in this embodiment is mainly applied to a network of a cloud computing virtualized data center, where the method involves a management server, which is used to create and manage Each terminal of the cloud management system, such as a virtual machine, allocates an IP address and a MAC address to each terminal, and sets a corresponding MAC and IP mapping relationship to the ARP server.
  • the ARP server involved in this embodiment is located in the network, and Communicate with the management server.
  • the method includes steps S401-S410.
  • the steps S401-S408 are the same as the steps S201-S208 in the embodiment 2, and are not described here again.
  • the embodiment 2 the difference between this embodiment and the embodiment 2 is that the embodiment further includes S409-S410:
  • the ARP server receives the terminal address information sent by the cloud system management server, where the address information includes the MAC address and the IP address of the terminal.
  • the MAC and IP correspondence of the first terminal is delivered, the IP address of the first terminal is IP1, and the MAC corresponding thereto is MAC1.
  • the ARP server determines whether there is a MAC address corresponding to the IP address in the mapping between the locally stored terminal IP address and the MAC address. If not, the correspondence between the IP address and the MAC address in the GARP packet is not present. The information is stored in the mapping between the locally saved terminal IP address and the MAC address. If yes, it is determined whether the MAC address corresponding to the IP address is consistent with the MAC address in the GARP broadcast message. Processing; if not, replace the original MAC address with the MAC address in the GAPR broadcast message.
  • the ARP server receives the terminal address information sent by the management server in S409, and the ARP server updates the correspondence between the locally stored MAC address and the IP address according to the information, and returns corresponding information to the management server to confirm that the MAC information of the IP1 has been received. .
  • mapping between the locally saved terminal IP address and the MAC address can be as shown in Table 2:
  • the ARP server can periodically send confirmation information to the data in the record table in the form of unicast;
  • the MAC and IP are used as the source MAC and the source IP, and the ARP request message is sent for the purpose of the IP in the record. If the destination host returns the ARP reply message, the valid time is updated, and the detection is performed again after a certain time; if the attempt is repeated several times, the message is still not received. When the ARP replay message is sent, the host is considered to be no longer present. This record is invalid and deleted from the database.
  • Embodiment 3 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 is mainly that the information collection mode of the ARP server is different.
  • a separate management system is used to directly set the MAC address and IP address information of all the hosts in the Layer 2 network to the ARP server.
  • the ARP server does not need to collect the GARP of the network to obtain the MAC and IP information of the host. .
  • This method is especially effective in the cloud computing virtualized data center network, because in the cloud computing virtualized data center, the virtual host is created and managed by the cloud management system, and its MAC address and IP address are managed by the cloud management system. And the allocation, therefore, in this case, the cloud management system can directly set the IP and MAC correspondence of each virtual host to the ARP server, which reduces the load of the ARP server and makes the acquired data more accurate.
  • Example 5 Example 5
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for obtaining a MAC address.
  • the method in this embodiment is mainly applied to a network of a cloud computing virtualized data center, where the method involves a management server, and the management The server is used to create and manage each terminal of the cloud management system, such as a virtual machine, and assign IP and MAC to each terminal, and set the corresponding MAC and IP correspondence to the ARP server.
  • the ARP server involved in this embodiment Located in the network and communicating with the management server.
  • the method includes the steps S501-S510, wherein the steps S501-S506 are the same as the steps S201-S206 in the embodiment 2, and the S509-S510 is the same as the steps S207-S208 in the second embodiment, and details are not described herein again. See Figure 2 for the figure.
  • This embodiment further includes S507-S508:
  • the ARP server when there is no MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the second terminal in the correspondence between the terminal MAC address and the IP address stored locally by the ARP server, the ARP server requests IP2 from the management server.
  • the MAC address the content of the message is: "What is the MAC corresponding to IP2?"
  • the management server sends the MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the second terminal, that is, the MAC2 to the ARP server, and the ARP server stores the correspondence between the IP2 and the MAC2 in the locally saved correspondence.
  • the ARP server when the ARP server receives the MAC address acquisition request corresponding to the IP address, if there is no MAC information corresponding to the IP address in the locally saved correspondence relationship, the ARP server actively queries the management server without the management server. The method of obtaining the MAC information corresponding to the IP address is further improved.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for obtaining a MAC address, and the method includes the steps S601-S610.
  • the steps S601-S606 are the same as the steps S201-S206 in the second embodiment, and the S609-S610 are the same as the steps S207-S208 in the second embodiment, and are not described here.
  • the embodiment further includes steps S607-S608:
  • the ARP server After receiving the ARP request packet, the ARP server initiates a broadcast to the entire Layer 2 network if there is no related information in the database.
  • the request source MAC address is MAC0; the destination MAC address is: FFFFFFFFF; the message content is "IP2 MAC" ? "
  • the second terminal in the Layer 2 network responds to the broadcast, and sends an ARP response packet to the ARP server, where the response packet includes the MAC address of the second terminal.
  • the second terminal after receiving the APR broadcast sent in S605, the second terminal sends an ARP reply response: in the ARP reply packet, the source MAC address is MAC2; the destination MAC address is MAC0; and the content of the packet: IP2 is MAC2.
  • the ARP server After the ARP server receives the ARP request packet, if the corresponding relationship between the locally saved IP address and the MAC address cannot satisfy the ARP request, the ARP server initiates a broadcast to the entire Layer 2 network, according to the response message.
  • the ARP requester returns an ARP response, which ensures the integrity of the entire ARP response and avoids the failure of the ARP request due to the unsuccessful update of the locally saved address information.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a proxy module, where the proxy module includes:
  • the ARP broadcast packet receiving module 701 is configured to receive a first address resolution protocol ARP broadcast packet sent by the first terminal, where the first ARP broadcast packet is used to request to obtain a media access control MAC address of the second terminal.
  • the destination address modification module 702 is configured to obtain an address of the ARP server, and modify the destination address of the first ARP broadcast packet to an address of the ARP server.
  • the post-repair message sending module 703 is configured to send the modified first ARP broadcast message to the ARP server, so that the ARP server obtains the second terminal according to the modified first ARP broadcast message.
  • the MAC address and sends an ARP response packet to the first terminal, where the ARP response packet includes the MAC address of the second terminal.
  • the address of the ARP server is obtained, and the destination address of the first ARP broadcast packet is changed to the address of the ARP server.
  • the ARP broadcast packet is changed to the unicast packet sent only to the ARP server, which reduces the ARP.
  • the broadcast uses the bandwidth of the network.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is sent only to the ARP server, and the ARP server sends the MAC address ARP response packet including the second terminal, and the other receiving ends in the network receive the packet.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is not used, thereby avoiding the occupation of CPU resources of other receiving ends in the network, improving the resource utilization of the system and the communication efficiency of each terminal.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a proxy module, where the proxy module includes an ARP broadcast packet receiving module 701, a destination address modification module 702, and a repaired packet sending module 703.
  • the destination address modification module 702 specifically includes:
  • the address obtaining unit 7021 of the APR server is configured to obtain an address of the locally saved APR server
  • the MAC address modifying unit 7022 is configured to: when the address of the locally saved APR server is the MAC address of the ARP server, The destination MAC address of the first ARP broadcast packet is modified to the MAC address of the ARP server; when the address of the locally saved APR server is the IP address of the ARP server, the MAC address of the ARP server is obtained, and Modifying the destination MAC address of the first ARP broadcast packet to the obtained MAC address of the ARP server.
  • the post-repair message sending module 703 specifically includes:
  • the ARP response packet obtaining unit 7031 is configured to obtain the ARP response packet, and replace the source MAC address in the ARP response packet with the MAC address of the second terminal, and source the ARP response packet.
  • the IP address is replaced with the IP address of the second terminal, and the modified ARP response packet is sent to the first terminal.
  • the embodiment of the present invention obtains the destination of the first ARP broadcast packet by acquiring the address of the ARP server.
  • the address is changed to the address of the ARP server.
  • the ARP broadcast packet is changed to the unicast packet sent only to the ARP server. This reduces the occupation of the network bandwidth by the ARP broadcast.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is sent only to the ARP.
  • the server sends an ARP response packet including the MAC address of the second terminal to the ARP server, and the other receiving ends of the network cannot receive the modified ARP broadcast packet, thereby avoiding other CPU resources of the receiving end.
  • the occupation of the system improves the resource utilization of the system and the communication efficiency of each terminal.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides an ARP server, where the ARP server includes: an IP address obtaining module 801 of the second terminal, configured to acquire the modified first ARP broadcast packet.
  • the IP address of the second terminal includes:
  • the MAC address obtaining module 802 of the second terminal is configured to query a correspondence between the terminal IP address and the terminal MAC address, and obtain a MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the second terminal.
  • the address of the ARP server is obtained, and the destination address of the first ARP broadcast packet is changed to the address of the ARP server.
  • the ARP broadcast packet is changed to the unicast packet sent only to the ARP server, which reduces the ARP.
  • the broadcast uses the bandwidth of the network.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is sent only to the ARP server, and the ARP server sends the MAC address ARP response packet including the second terminal, and the other receiving ends in the network receive the packet.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is not used, thereby avoiding the occupation of CPU resources of other receiving ends in the network, improving the resource utilization of the system and the communication efficiency of each terminal.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides an ARP server, where the ARP server includes the IP address obtaining module 801 of the second terminal in Embodiment 9, and the MAC address obtaining module 802 of the second terminal,
  • the ARP server also includes:
  • the GARP broadcast information receiving module 803 is configured to receive GARP broadcast information sent by all terminals in the same network
  • the address storage module 804 is configured to acquire and save the terminal IP address and the MAC address in the GARP broadcast information. ;
  • An aging timer setting module 805 is configured to set an aging timer for the saved terminal IP address and MAC address;
  • the aging timer update module 806 is configured to update the aging timer according to the received GARP broadcast information sent by all terminals in the same network.
  • the address of the ARP server is obtained, and the destination address of the first ARP broadcast packet is changed to the address of the ARP server.
  • the ARP broadcast packet is changed to the unicast packet sent only to the ARP server, which reduces the ARP.
  • the broadcast uses the bandwidth of the network.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is sent only to the ARP server, and the ARP server sends the MAC address ARP response packet including the second terminal, and the other receiving ends in the network receive the packet.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is not used, thereby avoiding the occupation of CPU resources of other receiving ends in the network, improving the resource utilization of the system and the communication efficiency of each terminal.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for obtaining a medium access control address, a proxy module 901 and an ARP server 902, where:
  • the proxy module 901 is configured to receive a first address resolution protocol ARP broadcast message sent by the first terminal, where the first ARP broadcast message is used to request to obtain a media access control MAC address of the second terminal;
  • the address of the server, the destination address of the first ARP broadcast packet is changed to the address of the ARP server; the modified first ARP broadcast packet is sent to the ARP server;
  • the proxy module 901 is further configured to: obtain the ARP response packet, replace the source MAC address in the ARP response packet with the MAC address of the second terminal, and send the ARP response packet.
  • the source IP address is replaced with the IP address of the second terminal, and the modified ARP response packet is sent to the first terminal.
  • the ARP server 902 is configured to receive the modified first ARP broadcast packet sent by the proxy module, obtain the MAC address of the second terminal, and send the ARP according to the modified first ARP broadcast packet. And responding to the first terminal, the ARP response packet includes a MAC address of the second terminal.
  • the address of the ARP server is obtained, and the destination address of the first ARP broadcast packet is changed to the address of the ARP server.
  • the ARP broadcast packet is changed to the unicast packet sent only to the ARP server, which reduces the ARP.
  • the broadcast uses the bandwidth of the network.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is sent only to the ARP server, and the ARP server sends the MAC address ARP response packet including the second terminal, and the other receiving ends in the network receive the packet.
  • the modified ARP broadcast packet is not used, thereby avoiding the occupation of CPU resources of other receiving ends in the network, improving the resource utilization of the system and the communication efficiency of each terminal.

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Description

获取介质访问控制地址的方法、 装置和系统
本申请要求于 2010年 12月 21 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201010603483.6、 发明名称为"获取介质访问控制地址的方法、装置和系统"的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域, 特别涉及一种获取介质访问控制地址的方法、装置和 系统。 背景技术 在以太网协议中规定, 同一局域网中的一台主机要和另一台主机进行直接通信, 必须要知道目标主机的 MAC (Medium/Media Access Control, 介质访问控制) 地址。 而在 TCP/IP协议(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol,传输控制协议 /因特 网互联协议) 中, 网络层和传输层只关心目标主机的 IP地址。 这就导致在以太网中 使用 IP协议时, 数据链路层的以太网协议接到上层 IP协议提供的数据中, 只包含目 的主机的 IP地址。 于是需要一种方法, 根据目的主机的 IP地址, 获得其 MAC地址。
现有技术中, 发起通信的主机通过发送 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol, 地址 解析协议)广播的方式寻找目的主机, 并获取目的主机的 MAC地址, 然后作为通信 的目的地址加入帧报文中。 例如, IP 地址为 192.168.1.5 的主机 A, 向 IP 地址为 192.168.1.1的主机 B发送数据为例。 当发送数据时, 主机 A会在自己的 ARP缓存表 中寻找是否有目标 IP地址。 如果找到了, 也就知道了目标 MAC地址, 直接把目标 MAC地址写入帧里面发送就可以了; 如果在 ARP缓存表中没有找到目标 IP地址, 主机 A就会在网络上发送一个广播, A主机 MAC地址是 "主机 A的 MAC地址", 这 表示向同一网段内的所有主机发出这样的询问: "我是 192.168.1.5, 我的硬件地址是" 主机 A的 MAC地址", 请问 IP地址为 192.168.1.1的 MAC地址是什么? "网络上其 他主机并不响应 ARP询问, 只有主机 B接收到这个帧时, 才向主机 A做出这样的回 应: "192.168.1.1的 MAC地址是 00-aa-00-62-c6-09"。 这样, 主机 A就知道了主机 B 的 MAC地址, 它就可以向主机 B发送信息了。 同时 A和 B还同时都更新了自己的 ARP缓存表, 因为 A在询问的时候把自己的 IP和 MAC地址一起告诉了 B, 下次 A 再向主机 B或者 B向 A发送信息时, 直接从各自的 ARP缓存表里查找就可以了。 发明人在实现本发明的过程中发现现有技术存在以下缺陷:
ARP是通过广播获取某个 IP地址对应的 MAC地址的。 然而, 由于其采用的广 播机制, 这导致当一个二层网络中的主机数量很多, 且主机之间通信频繁时, 网络中 将会出现大量的 ARP广播报文。严重的占用了网络带宽;另外,通过该方法获取 MAC 地址, 所有主机都需要接收并处理该 ARP报文, 但是实际上只有一台主机需要响应, 其他主机的 CPU资源会被消耗。 实测数据表明, 当网络中每秒的 ARP报文数达到 1000个时, 主机的 CPU占用率为 30%, 从而造成了通信系统资源的严重浪费, 影响 正常通信的进行。 发明内容 为了减少由广播报文造成的对网络带宽的占用,本发明实施例提供了一种获取介 质访问控制地址的方法, 所述方法包括:
接收第一终端发送的第一地址解析协议 ARP广播报文,所述第一 ARP广播报文 用于请求获取第二终端的介质访问控制 MAC地址;
获取 ARP服务器的地址, 将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地址修改为 ARP服 务器的地址;
将修改后的第一 ARP广播报文发送至所述 ARP服务器, 使所述 ARP服务器根 据所述修改后的第一 ARP广播报文获取所述第二终端的 MAC地址, 并发送 ARP响 应报文至所述第一终端, 所述 ARP响应报文中包括所述第二终端的 MAC地址。
本发明实施例还提供了一种代理模块, 所述代理模块包括:
ARP广播报文接收模块, 用于接收第一终端发送的第一地址解析协议 ARP广播 报文, 所述第一 ARP广播报文用于请求获取第二终端的介质访问控制 MAC地址; 目的地址修改模块, 用于获取 ARP服务器的地址, 将所述第一 ARP广播报文的 目的地址修改为 ARP服务器的地址;
修后报文发送模块,用于将修改后的第一 ARP广播报文发送至所述 ARP服务器, 使所述 ARP服务器根据所述修改后的第一 ARP广播报文获取所述第二终端的 MAC 地址, 并发送 ARP响应报文至所述第一终端, 所述 ARP响应报文中包括所述第二终 端的 MAC地址。
本发明实施例还提供了一种服务器, 所述 ARP服务器包括:
第二终端的 IP地址获取模块, 用于获取所述修改后的第一 ARP广播报文中的所 述第二终端的 IP地址;
第二终端的 MAC地址获取模块,用于查询所述终端 IP地址与终端 MAC地址的 对应关系, 获取与第二终端的 IP地址对应的 MAC地址。
本发明实施例还提供了一种获取介质访问控制地址的系统,所述系统包括代理模 块和 ARP服务器, 其中:
所述代理模块用于,接收所述第一终端发送的第一地址解析协议 ARP广播报文, 所述第一 ARP广播报文用于请求获取第二终端的介质访问控制 MAC地址;获取 ARP 服务器的地址, 将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地址修改为 ARP服务器的地址; 将 修改后的第一 ARP广播报文发送至所述 ARP服务器;
所述 ARP服务器用于, 接收所述代理模块发送的修改后的第一 ARP广播报文; 根据所述修改后的第一 ARP广播报文获取所述第二终端的 MAC地址, 并发送 ARP 响应报文至所述第一终端, 所述 ARP响应报文中包括所述第二终端的 MAC地址。
本发明实施例通过获取 ARP服务器的地址,将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地 址修改为 ARP服务器的地址; 使 ARP广播报文变为仅向 ARP服务器发送的单播报 文, 减少了 ARP广播对网络带宽的占用, 另外, 由于该修改后的 ARP广播报文仅发 送至 ARP服务器, 并由 ARP服务器发送包括所述第二终端的 MAC地址 ARP响应 报文, 网内的其他接收端接收不到该修改后的 ARP广播报文, 从而避免了对网内其 他接收端 CPU资源的占用, 提高了系统的资源利用率及各终端的通信效率。 附图说明
图 1是本发明实施例 1提供的一种获取 MAC地址的方法流程图;
图 2是本发明实施例 2提供的一种获取 MAC地址的方法的信息交互图; 图 3是本发明实施例 2提供的网络结构示意图;
图 4是本发明实施例 3提供的一种获取 MAC地址的方法的信息交互图; 图 5是本发明实施例 3提供的一种获取 MAC地址的方法中更新 ARP服务器地 址信息的信息互图;
图 6是本发明实施例 4提供的一种获取 MAC地址的方法中 S409-410的信息交 互图;
图 7是本发明实施例 5提供的一种获取 MAC地址的方法的信息交互图; 图 8是本发明实施例 6提供的一种获取 MAC地址的方法的信息交互图; 图 9是本发明实施例 7提供的代理模块的结构示意图; 图 10是本发明实施例 8提供的另一种代理模块的结构示意图; 图 11是本发明实施例 9提供的 ARP服务器的结构示意图;
图 12是本发明实施例 10提供的另一 ARP服务器的结构示意图;
图 13是本发明实施例 11提供的一种获取介质访问控制地址的系统结构示意图。 具体实施方式 为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合附图对本发明实施方 式作进一步地详细描述。
实施例 1
如图 1所示, 本发明实施例提供了一种获取 MAC地址的方法, 该方法包括以下 步骤:
S101 : 接收第一终端发送的第一 ARP广播报文, 所述第一 ARP广播报文用于请 求获取第二终端的 MAC地址;
S102: 获取 ARP服务器的地址, 将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地址修改为 ARP服务器的地址;
S103 : 将修改后的第一 ARP广播报文发送至所述 ARP服务器, 使所述 ARP服 务器根据所述修改后的第一 ARP广播报文获取所述第二终端的 MAC地址, 并发送 ARP响应报文至所述第一终端, 所述 ARP响应报文中包括所述第二终端的 MAC地 址。
需要说明的是,本发明实施例 1中,执行步骤 S101-S103的主体可以是获取 MAC 地址的装置, 它可以是一个单独的物理设备, 也可以位于终端通信的软件中, 也可以 位于服务器中的虚拟交换机中,还可以位于交换机上。其位置应该处于主机网络接口 与二层网络接入层的设备之间, 在主机的 ARP广播报文向整个二层网络转发之前。
本发明实施例通过获取 ARP服务器的地址,将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地 址修改为 ARP服务器的地址; 使 ARP广播报文变为仅向 ARP服务器发送的单播报 文, 减少了 ARP广播对网络带宽的占用, 另外, 由于该修改后的 ARP广播报文仅发 送至 ARP服务器, 并由 ARP服务器发送包括所述第二终端的 MAC地址 ARP响应 报文, 网内的其他接收端接收不到该修改后的 ARP广播报文, 从而避免了对网内其 他接收端 CPU资源的占用, 提高了系统的资源利用率及各终端的通信效率。 实施例 2 如图 2所示, 本发明实施例提供了一种获取 MAC地址的方法, 执行本实施所述 方法中各步骤的主体可以为一个设备或者软件模块,其位置处于如图 3所示的网络结 构图的终端网络接口与二层网络接入层的设备之间, 在主机的 ARP广播报文向整个 二层网络转发之前。 本实施选取以 ARP代理模块为例, 则该方法包括以下步骤: S201 : ARP代理模块接收第一终端发送的第一 ARP广播报文, 所述第一 ARP 广播报文用于请求获取第二终端的 MAC地址;
其中, 第一 ARP广播报文为标准的 ARP广播报文, 其包括报文发送端的 MAC 地址、 IP地址; 报文接收端的 IP地址; 以及目的地址为 "FF.FF.FF.FF.FF.FF" 的广 播 MAC地址, 这表示向同一网段内的所有主机发出询问, 同一网段内的所有主机均 接收到该条广播。
例如, 当第一终端向第二终端发送消息前, 检查本机 ARP表没有与第二终端的 IP 地址对应的 MAC 地址, 贝 U ARP 广播请求: 源 MAC: MAC1 ; 目的 MAC: FFFFFFFFFFF; 报文内容: "IP2的 MAC是多少? "用 VM表示有通信需求的各终 端; IP地址为 IP1的第一终端已知第二终端的 IP地址, 第一终端需要和第二终端通 信, 第一终端本地没有第二终端的 ARP信息; 第一终端发起 ARP请求的广播。
S202: ARP代理模块获取本地保存的 APR服务器的地址,将所述第一 ARP广播 报文的目的地址修改为 ARP服务器的地址;
其中, 由于 ARP代理模块位于各终端网络接口与二层网络接入层的设备之间, 因此 ARP代理模块可截获各终端发送至二层网络设备之间的信息。
可选的, 本地保存的 ARP服务器的地址信息, 可以为 ARP服务器的 IP地址, 也可以直接是 ARP服务器的 MAC地址, 也可以是 APR代理服务器的 IP和 MAC地 址; 如果只有 ARP服务器的 IP地址, 则 ARP代理模块模块需要发起标准的 ARP请 求过程, 获取 ARP服务器的 MAC地址。
具体的, 当本地保存的所述 APR服务器的地址为所述 ARP服务器的 MAC地址 时, 将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的 MAC地址修改为所述 ARP服务器的 MAC地 址;
当本地保存的所述 APR服务器的地址为所述 ARP服务器的 IP地址时, 发送根 据所述 ARP服务器的 IP地址获取所述 ARP服务器的 MAC地址的第二 ARP广播报 文, 并将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的 MAC地址修改为获取到的所述 ARP服务器 的 MAC地址。
例如, 当 ARP代理模块截获了 S201中第一终端发送的 ARP广播报文, 则其将 目的 MAC全 F替换为 MAC0。 即当 ARP代理模块截获了 S201 中第一终端发送的 ARP广播报文时, 先查看本地是否已经有 ARP服务器的 MAC地址, 即 MAC0; 如 果已经有 MAC0, 则用 MAC0替换掉这个报文中的目的地址, 如果没有 MAC信息, 只有 IP信息, 则先发起 ARP请求过程, 得到 ARP服务器 MAC地址, 再进行上述替 换操作, 替换完成后, 将该修改了目的 MAC的报文发到网络上。 如果没有得到 ARP 服务器的 MAC地址, 则可以丢弃或者直接将该广播报文发出去。
S203 : ARP代理模块根据所述 ARP服务器的地址,将修改后的第一 ARP广播报 文发送至所述 ARP服务器;
具体的, 修改了目的 MAC地址的广播报文变为了仅向 ARP服务器发送的单播 报文,该 ARP单播请求的源 MAC为 MAC1 , 目的 MAC: 为 MAC0,报文内容: "IP2 的 MAC是多少? "
S204: ARP服务器接收该修改后的第一 ARP广播报文后, 获取所述修改后的第 一 ARP广播报文中的所述第二终端的 IP地址;
S205: ARP服务器获取本地保存的终端 IP地址与终端 MAC地址的对应关系; S206: ARP服务器根据所述第二终端的 IP地址, 查询所述终端 IP地址与终端
MAC地址的对应关系, 获取与第二终端的 IP地址对应的 MAC地址。
具体的, 当目的 MAC地址为 ARP服务器 MAC地址的 ARP请求报文, 被 ARP 服务器收到后。 ARP服务器解析报文的内容, 获取第二终端的 IP地址, 并通过本地 保存的终端 IP地址与终端 MAC地址的对应关系 IP2对应的 MAC地址。如果查询到 了记录, 则将该对应关系中的 MAC地址作为 IP2的 MAC地址。
S207: ARP服务器发送 ARP响应报文至所述第一终端,所述 ARP响应报文中包 括所述第二终端的 MAC地址;
具体的, ARP服务器通过 ARP响应消息(ARP reply)发送至第一终端。 该 ARP Replay报文的源 MAC地址为 ARP服务器的 MAC地址 MAC0,目的 MAC地址为第 一终端的 MAC1。 报文中发送 MAC Address为第二终端的 MAC2, 发送 IP Address 为第二终端的 IP2; 报文中目的 MAC Address为第一终端的 MAC1, 目的 IP Address 为第一终端的 IP1。 报文内容: IP2的 MAC是 MAC2。
S208: 获取所述 ARP响应报文, 将所述 ARP响应报文中的源 MAC地址替换为 所述第二终端的 MAC地址。 将所述 ARP响应报文中源 IP地址替换为所述第二终端 的 IP地址。
通过上述步骤,第一终端则可以与第二终端进行通信,向第二终端发送通信报文: 该报文的源 MAC为第一终端的 MAC地址, 即 MAC1; 目的 MAC地址为第二终端 的 MAC地址, S卩 MAC2。
需要说明的是, 本发明实施例 2中, 执行各步骤的主体可以是获取 MAC地址的 装置, 它可以是一个单独的物理设备, 也可以位于终端通信的软件中, 也可以位于服 务器中的虚拟交换机中,还可以位于交换机上。其位置应该处于终端网络接口与二层 网络接入层的设备之间, 以使当终端发送的 ARP广播报文由交换设备向整个二层网 络转发之前, 截获该 ARP广播报文。
本发明实施例通过获取 ARP服务器的地址,将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地 址修改为 ARP服务器的地址; 使 ARP广播报文变为仅向 ARP服务器发送的单播报 文, 减少了 ARP广播对网络带宽的占用, 另外, 由于该修改后的 ARP广播报文仅发 送至 ARP服务器, 并由 ARP服务器发送包括所述第二终端的 MAC地址 ARP响应 报文, 网内的其他接收端接收不到该修改后的 ARP广播报文, 从而避免了对网内其 他接收端 CPU资源的占用, 提高了系统的资源利用率及各终端的通信效率。 实施例 3
本发明实施例提供了一种获取 MAC地址的方法, 包括步骤 S301-S310。 其中, 步骤 S301-S308与本发明实施 2中步骤 S201-S208相同, 此处不再赘述, 具体步骤及 附图参见实施例 2。 如图 4所示, 本实施例与实施例 2的不同之处在于本实施例还包 括 S309-S310:
S309: ARP服务器接收终端发送的 GARP广播报文;
具体的, 当终端启动, 或者终端的网络接口启动, 或者终端更改 MAC地址等, 终端则发送 GARP广播报文。
其中, 该 GARP广播报文的格式为标准 GARP广播报文。
S310: ARP服务器获取该 GARP广播报文中的终端 IP地址, 判断本地保存的终 端 IP地址和 MAC地址的对应关系中, 是否存在与该 IP地址对应的 MAC地址, 如 果不存在, 则将该 GARP报文中的 IP地址和 MAC地址的对应关系存储至本地保存 的终端 IP地址和 MAC地址的对应关系中; 如果存在, 则判断与该 IP地址对应的 MAC地址是否与该 GARP广播报文中的 MAC地址一致, 如果是一致的, 则不做处 理; 如果不一致, 则用 GAPR广播报文中的 MAC地址替换原来的 MAC地址。
本地保存的终端 IP地址和 MAC地址的对应关系可以如表一所示:
表一: 序号 IP地址 MAC地址
1 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
2 10.85.132.31 00:0f:e2:2f:e4:6c 优选的, 还可以为接收到的各终端的 MAC地址和 IP地址设置老化定时器, 该 老化定时器用于记录存储的终端的 MAC地址和 IP地址的有效性。 当本地保存的终 端 IP地址和 MAC地址的对应关系中, 不存于在 ARP服务器接收到 GARP广播报文 中的终端 IP地址对应的 MAC地址的时, 存储该 GARP中的地址关系, 同时启动老 化定时器; 当存在与该 IP地址对应的 MAC地址时,则判断与该 IP地址对应的 MAC 地址是否与该 GAPR广播报文中的 MAC地址一致, 如果是一致的, 则更新老化定时 器, 即认为该终端当前地址有效; 如果不一致, 则用 GAPR广播报文中的 MAC地址 替换原来的 MAC地址, 同时更新老化定时器。
进一步优选的, 为了保持 ARP服务器收集信息的准确性, ARP服务器可以以单 播的形式定时向记录表中的数据发出确认信息; 例如, 如图 5所示, 当 ARP服务器 中记录的地址信息, 即 MAC地址和 IP地址的对应关系, 超过一定时间, 需要校验 和老化时, ARP服务器以 ARP单播报文的形式, 如源 MAC: ARP服务器 MAC0; 目的 MAC: IP1对应的 MAC1 ; 报文内容: "IP1你的 MAC地址是多少? " 的报文 形式,向终端发送确认信息,终端发送 ARP Reply单播报文相应该 ARP报文,如 ARP Reply单播报文为: 源 MAC为 IP 1对应的 MAC 1; 目的 MAC为 MAC0; 报文内容 为 "IP1的 MAC地址是 MAC1 "。
ARP服务器接收并记录该 ARP Reply单播报文, 当下次超时再次对该信息进行 老化和校验。
需要说明的是, 本实施例中涉及的 ARP服务器位于网络中, 可以侦听到其他终 端发起的广播消息, 其发出的二层广播或者单播消息, 相应的主机也可以接收到, 其 可以是一台服务器, 或者一个网络设备, 或者是一个在网络中能够接收以太网报文信 息的实体; 二层以太网中的各终端在初始启动、 网络接口卡启用或者 MAC地址变化 时, 会以广播的形式向网络发送 GARP ( Gratuitous ARP, 免费 ARP ), 用于通告网络 设备更新转发表信息, 同时便于其他设备刷新本地 ARP记录表。
本发明实施例通过获取 ARP服务器的地址,将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地 址修改为 ARP服务器的地址; 使 ARP广播报文变为仅向 ARP服务器发送的单播报 文, 减少了 ARP广播对网络带宽的占用, 另外, 由于该修改后的 ARP广播报文仅发 送至 ARP服务器, 并由 ARP服务器发送包括所述第二终端的 MAC地址 ARP响应 报文, 网内的其他接收端接收不到该修改后的 ARP广播报文, 从而避免了对网内其 他接收端 CPU资源的占用, 提高了系统的资源利用率及各终端的通信效率。 另外, 本实施例通过由 ARP服务器主动的获取各终端的 IP地址与 MAC地址的对应关系, 并根据终端发送的 GARP报文对本地存储的对应关系进行更新, 有效地保证了其本 地存储的地址信息的可靠性。 实施例 4
本发明实施例还提供了一种获取 MAC地址的方法, 本实施例所述方法主要应用 于云计算虚拟化数据中心的网络中, 该方法中涉及一管理服务器, 该管理服务器用于 创建并管理云管理系统的各终端, 如虚拟机, 并为各终端分配 IP和 MAC, 并将相应 的 MAC和 IP对应关系设定到 ARP服务器中;本实施例中涉及的 ARP服务器位于网 络中,且可与管理服务器进行通信。该方法包括步骤 S401-S410。其中,步骤 S401-S408 与实施例 2中的步骤 S201-S208相同,此处不再赘述,具体步骤及附图参见实施例 2。 如图 6所示, 本实施例与实施例 2的不同之处在于, 本实施例还包括 S409-S410:
S409: ARP 服务器接收云系统管理服务器发送的终端地址信息, 该地址信息中 包括终端的 MAC地址和 IP地址;
例如, 下发第一终端的 MAC和 IP对应关系, 第一终端的 IP地址为 IP1 ; 与其 对应的 MAC为 MAC1。
S410: ARP服务器判断本地保存的终端 IP地址和 MAC地址的对应关系中, 是 否存在与该 IP地址对应的 MAC地址, 如果不存在, 则将该 GARP报文中的 IP地址 和 MAC地址的对应关系存储至本地保存的终端 IP地址和 MAC地址的对应关系中; 如果存在,则判断与该 IP地址对应的 MAC地址是否与该 GARP广播报文中的 MAC 地址一致,如果是一致的,则不做处理;如果不一致,则用 GAPR广播报文中的 MAC 地址替换原来的 MAC地址。
例如, ARP服务器接收了 S409中管理服务器发送的终端地址信息, 则 ARP服 务器根据该信息更新本地存储的 MAC地址与 IP地址对应关系, 并且向管理服务器 返回相应信息, 确认已经收到 IP1的 MAC信息。
本地保存的终端 IP地址和 MAC地址的对应关系可以如表二所示:
表二:
IP地址 MAC地址 1 xxxxxxxx XXXXXXXX
2 10.85.132.31 00:0f:e2:2f:e4:6c 优选的, 为了保持 ARP服务器收集信息的准确性, ARP服务器可以以单播的形 式定时向记录表中的数据发出确认信息; 以本机的 MAC和 IP作为源 MAC和源 IP, 记录中的 IP为目的发出 ARP请求消息; 如果目的主机回了 ARP reply消息, 则更新 有效时间, 一定时间之后再次探测; 如果尝试几次之后仍然没有收到 ARP replay消 息, 则可认为该主机已经不存在了, 本记录无效, 从数据库中删除。
本实施例与实施例 3的差别主要在于 ARP服务器信息收集方式不同。 本实施例 中采用单独的管理系统, 直接将本二层网络中的所有主机的 MAC和 IP地址信息设 定到 ARP服务器中, 无需 ARP服务器通过收集网络上的 GARP来获取主机的 MAC 和 IP信息。 此种方式在云计算虚拟化数据中心的网络中尤其有效, 因为在云计算虚 拟化数据中心中, 虚拟主机是由云管理系统创建并管理的, 其 MAC地址和 IP地址 均由云管理系统管理并分配, 因此, 此种情况下, 可以由云管理系统直接将各虚拟主 机的 IP和 MAC对应关系设定到 ARP服务器中,减轻了 ARP服务器的负荷, 同时使 获取到的数据更加准确。 实施例 5
如图 7所示, 本发明实施例还提供了一种获取 MAC地址的方法, 本实施例所述 方法主要应用于云计算虚拟化数据中心的网络中, 该方法中涉及一管理服务器, 该管 理服务器用于创建并管理云管理系统的各终端, 如虚拟机, 并为各终端分配 IP 和 MAC, 并将相应的 MAC和 IP对应关系设定到 ARP服务器中; 本实施例中涉及的 ARP服务器位于网络中, 且可与管理服务器进行通信。 该方法包括步骤 S501-S510, 其中步骤 S501-S506与实施例 2中的步骤 S201-S206相同, S509-S510与实施例 2中 的步骤 S207-S208相同, 此处不再赘述, 具体步骤及附图参见实施例 2。 本实施例与 实施例 2的不同之处在于, 本实施例还包括 S507-S508:
S507: 当本地保存的终端 IP地址与 MAC地址的对应关系中不存在于第二终端 的 IP地址对应 MAC地址时, ARP服务器向管理服务器发送获取与第二终端的 IP地 址对应的 MAC地址的请求;
例如, 当 ARP服务器本地保存的终端 MAC地址和 IP地址的对应关系中, 不存 在与第二终端的 IP地址对应的 MAC地址时, 则 ARP服务器向管理服务器请求 IP2 的 MAC地址, 该报文内容为: "IP2对应的 MAC是多少? "
S508: 管理服务器相应该请求, 发送与第二终端的 IP地址对应的 MAC地址, 即 MAC2至 ARP服务器, ARP服务器将 IP2与 MAC2的对应关系存储至本地保存的 对应关系中。
本实施例中, 当 ARP服务器接收到 IP地址对应 MAC地址的获取请求时, 当本 地保存的对应关系中, 没有对应 IP地址的 MAC信息, 则由 ARP服务器主动向管理 服务器查询, 无需管理服务器下发, 进一步的完善了对应 IP地址的 MAC信息的获 取方式。 实施例 6
如图 8所示, 本发明实施例还提供了一种获取 MAC地址的方法, 该方法包括步 骤 S601-S610。其中,步骤 S601-S606与实施例 2中的步骤 S201-S206相同, S609-S610 与实施例 2中的步骤 S207-S208相同,此处不再赘述,具体步骤及附图参见实施例 2。 本实施例与实施例 2的不同之处在于, 本实施例还包括步骤 S607-S608:
S607: ARP服务器收到 ARP请求报文后, 如果本数据库中没有相关信息, 则向 整个二层网络发起广播。
当 ARP服务器本地保存的对应关系中没有第二终端的 IP地址 IP2对应的 MAC 地址时 ARP广播请求, 则该请求源 MAC为 MAC0; 目的 MAC为: FFFFFFFFFFF; 报文内容为 "IP2的 MAC是多少? "
S608: 二层网络中第二终端响应该广播, 向 ARP服务器发送 ARP响应报文, 该 响应报文中包括第二终端的 MAC地址。
例如, 第二终端接收到 S605中发送的 APR广播后, 发出 ARP reply响应: 该 ARP reply报文中,源 MAC地址为 MAC2; 目的 MAC地址为 MAC0;报文内容: IP2 的 MAC是 MAC2。
本实施例中, ARP服务器收到 ARP请求报文后,如果本地保存的 IP地址与 MAC 地址的对应关系不能满足该 ARP请求,则由 ARP服务器则向整个二层网络发起广播, 根据响应消息再给原 ARP请求方返回 ARP响应, 从而保证了整个 ARP响应的完整 性, 避免了由于本地保存的地址信息更新不及时而造成的 ARP请求失败。 实施例 7
如图 9所示, 本发明实施例还提供了一种代理模块, 该代理模块包括: ARP广播报文接收模块 701, 用于接收第一终端发送的第一地址解析协议 ARP 广播报文, 所述第一 ARP广播报文用于请求获取第二终端的介质访问控制 MAC地 址;
目的地址修改模块 702, 用于获取 ARP服务器的地址, 将所述第一 ARP广播报 文的目的地址修改为 ARP服务器的地址;
修后报文发送模块 703, 用于将修改后的第一 ARP广播报文发送至所述 ARP服 务器,使所述 ARP服务器根据所述修改后的第一 ARP广播报文获取所述第二终端的 MAC地址, 并发送 ARP响应报文至所述第一终端, 所述 ARP响应报文中包括所述 第二终端的 MAC地址。
本发明实施例通过获取 ARP服务器的地址,将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地 址修改为 ARP服务器的地址; 使 ARP广播报文变为仅向 ARP服务器发送的单播报 文, 减少了 ARP广播对网络带宽的占用, 另外, 由于该修改后的 ARP广播报文仅发 送至 ARP服务器, 并由 ARP服务器发送包括所述第二终端的 MAC地址 ARP响应 报文, 网内的其他接收端接收不到该修改后的 ARP广播报文, 从而避免了对网内其 他接收端 CPU资源的占用, 提高了系统的资源利用率及各终端的通信效率。 实施例 8
如图 10所示, 本发明实施例还提供了一种代理模块, 该代理模块包括实施例 7 中的 ARP广播报文接收模块 701、 目的地址修改模块 702和修后报文发送模块 703, 其中所述目的地址修改模块 702具体包括:
APR服务器的地址获取单元 7021, 用于获取本地保存的 APR服务器的地址; MAC地址修改单元 7022,用于当本地保存的所述 APR服务器的地址为所述 ARP 服务器的 MAC地址时,将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的 MAC地址修改为所述 ARP 服务器的 MAC地址; 当本地保存的所述 APR服务器的地址为所述 ARP服务器的 IP地址时, 获取所述 ARP服务器的 MAC地址, 并将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的 MAC地址修改为获取到的所述 ARP服务器的 MAC地址。
其中所述修后报文发送模块 703具体包括:
ARP响应报文获取单元 7031, 用于获取所述 ARP响应报文, 将所述 ARP响应 报文中的源 MAC地址替换为所述第二终端的 MAC地址,将所述 ARP响应报文中源 IP地址替换为所述第二终端的 IP地址,并将修改后的 ARP响应报文发送至第一终端。
本发明实施例通过获取 ARP服务器的地址,将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地 址修改为 ARP服务器的地址; 使 ARP广播报文变为仅向 ARP服务器发送的单播报 文, 减少了 ARP广播对网络带宽的占用, 另外, 由于该修改后的 ARP广播报文仅发 送至 ARP服务器, 并由 ARP服务器发送包括所述第二终端的 MAC地址 ARP响应 报文, 网内的其他接收端接收不到该修改后的 ARP广播报文, 从而避免了对网内其 他接收端 CPU资源的占用, 提高了系统的资源利用率及各终端的通信效率。 实施例 9
如图 11所示, 本发明实施例还提供了一种 ARP服务器, 所述 ARP服务器包括: 第二终端的 IP地址获取模块 801, 用于获取所述修改后的第一 ARP广播报文中 的所述第二终端的 IP地址;
第二终端的 MAC地址获取模块 802, 用于查询所述终端 IP地址与终端 MAC地 址的对应关系, 获取与第二终端的 IP地址对应的 MAC地址。
本发明实施例通过获取 ARP服务器的地址,将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地 址修改为 ARP服务器的地址; 使 ARP广播报文变为仅向 ARP服务器发送的单播报 文, 减少了 ARP广播对网络带宽的占用, 另外, 由于该修改后的 ARP广播报文仅发 送至 ARP服务器, 并由 ARP服务器发送包括所述第二终端的 MAC地址 ARP响应 报文, 网内的其他接收端接收不到该修改后的 ARP广播报文, 从而避免了对网内其 他接收端 CPU资源的占用, 提高了系统的资源利用率及各终端的通信效率。 实施例 10
如图 12所示, 本发明实施例还提供了一种 ARP服务器, 所述 ARP服务器包括 实施例 9中的第二终端的 IP地址获取模块 801和第二终端的 MAC地址获取模块 802, 所述 ARP服务器还包括:
GARP 广播信息接收模块 803, 用于接收到其在同一网络内的所有终端发送的 GARP广播信息;
地址存储模块 804,用于获取并保存所述 GARP广播信息中的终端 IP地址和 MAC 地址。;
老化定时器设置模块 805,用于为保存的终端 IP地址和 MAC地址的设置老化定 时器;
老化定时器更新模块 806, 用于根据接收到的与其在同一网络内的所有终端发送 的 GARP广播信息更新所述老化定时器。 本发明实施例通过获取 ARP服务器的地址,将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地 址修改为 ARP服务器的地址; 使 ARP广播报文变为仅向 ARP服务器发送的单播报 文, 减少了 ARP广播对网络带宽的占用, 另外, 由于该修改后的 ARP广播报文仅发 送至 ARP服务器, 并由 ARP服务器发送包括所述第二终端的 MAC地址 ARP响应 报文, 网内的其他接收端接收不到该修改后的 ARP广播报文, 从而避免了对网内其 他接收端 CPU资源的占用, 提高了系统的资源利用率及各终端的通信效率。 实施例 11,
如图 13所示, 本发明实施例还提供了一种获取介质访问控制地址的系统, 代理 模块 901和 ARP服务器 902, 其中:
所述代理模块 901用于, 接收所述第一终端发送的第一地址解析协议 ARP广播 报文, 所述第一 ARP广播报文用于请求获取第二终端的介质访问控制 MAC地址; 获取 ARP服务器的地址, 将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地址修改为 ARP服务器 的地址; 将修改后的第一 ARP广播报文发送至所述 ARP服务器;
可选的, 所述代理模块 901还用于, 获取所述 ARP响应报文, 将所述 ARP响应 报文中的源 MAC地址替换为所述第二终端的 MAC地址,将所述 ARP响应报文中源 IP地址替换为所述第二终端的 IP地址,并将修改后的 ARP响应报文发送至第一终端。
所述 ARP服务器 902用于,接收所述代理模块发送的修改后的第一 ARP广播报 文; 根据所述修改后的第一 ARP广播报文获取所述第二终端的 MAC地址, 并发送 ARP响应报文至所述第一终端, 所述 ARP响应报文中包括所述第二终端的 MAC地 址。
本发明实施例通过获取 ARP服务器的地址,将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地 址修改为 ARP服务器的地址; 使 ARP广播报文变为仅向 ARP服务器发送的单播报 文, 减少了 ARP广播对网络带宽的占用, 另外, 由于该修改后的 ARP广播报文仅发 送至 ARP服务器, 并由 ARP服务器发送包括所述第二终端的 MAC地址 ARP响应 报文, 网内的其他接收端接收不到该修改后的 ARP广播报文, 从而避免了对网内其 他接收端 CPU资源的占用, 提高了系统的资源利用率及各终端的通信效率。 以上实施例提供的技术方案中的全部或部分内容可以通过软件编程实现,其软件 程序存储在可读取的存储介质中, 存储介质例如: 计算机中的硬盘、 光盘、 软盘或 Flash存储器。 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明的精神和 原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种获取介质访问控制地址的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括: 接收第一终端发送的第一地址解析协议 ARP广播报文,所述第一 ARP广播 报文用于请求获取第二终端的介质访问控制 MAC地址;
获取 ARP服务器的地址,将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地址修改为 ARP 服务器的地址;
将修改后的第一 ARP广播报文发送至所述 ARP服务器, 使所述 ARP服务 器根据所述修改后的第一 ARP广播报文获取所述第二终端的 MAC地址, 并发 送 ARP 响应报文至所述第一终端, 所述 ARP 响应报文中包括所述第二终端的 MAC地址。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述获取 ARP服务器的地址, 将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地址修改为 ARP服务器的地址具体包括: 获取本地保存的 APR服务器的地址;
当本地保存的所述 APR服务器的地址为所述 ARP服务器的 MAC地址时, 将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的 MAC地址修改为所述 ARP服务器的 MAC地 址;
当本地保存的所述 APR服务器的地址为所述 ARP服务器的 IP地址时, 获 取所述 ARP服务器的 MAC地址, 并将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的 MAC地 址修改为获取到的所述 ARP服务器的 MAC地址。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 ARP服务器根据所述修 改后的第一 ARP广播报文获取所述第二终端的 MAC地址具体包括:
所述 ARP服务器获取所述修改后的第一 ARP广播报文中的所述第二终端的 IP地址;
所述 ARP服务器查询所述终端 IP地址与终端 MAC地址的对应关系, 获取 与第二终端的 IP地址对应的 MAC地址。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述将 ARP响应报文发送至 所述第一终端具体包括:
获取所述 ARP响应报文, 将所述 ARP响应报文中的源 MAC地址替换为所 述第二终端的 MAC地址, 将所述 ARP响应报文中源 IP地址替换为所述第二终 端的 IP地址, 并将修改后的 ARP响应报文发送至第一终端。
5、 根据权利要求 1-4任一所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括: 当所述 ARP服务器接收到其在同一网络内的所有终端发送的 GARP广播信 息时;
所述 ARP服务器获取并保存所述 GARP广播信息中的终端 IP地址和 MAC 地址。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括: 为所述 ARP服务器中保存的终端 IP地址和 MAC地址的设置老化定时器, 使所述 ARP服务器根据接收到的与其在同一网络内的所有终端发送的 GARP广 播信息更新所述老化定时器。
7、 一种代理模块, 其特征在于, 所述代理模块包括:
ARP广播报文接收模块, 用于接收第一终端发送的第一地址解析协议 ARP 广播报文,所述第一 ARP广播报文用于请求获取第二终端的介质访问控制 MAC 地址;
目的地址修改模块, 用于获取 ARP服务器的地址, 将所述第一 ARP广播报 文的目的地址修改为 ARP服务器的地址;
修后报文发送模块,用于将修改后的第一 ARP广播报文发送至所述 ARP服 务器,使所述 ARP服务器根据所述修改后的第一 ARP广播报文获取所述第二终 端的 MAC地址, 并发送 ARP响应报文至所述第一终端, 所述 ARP响应报文中 包括所述第二终端的 MAC地址。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的代理模块, 其特征在于, 所述目的地址修改模块 具体包括:
APR服务器的地址获取单元, 用于获取本地保存的 APR服务器的地址; MAC地址修改单元,用于当本地保存的所述 APR服务器的地址为所述 ARP 服务器的 MAC地址时,将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的 MAC地址修改为所述 ARP服务器的 MAC地址; 当本地保存的所述 APR服务器的地址为所述 ARP 服务器的 IP地址时, 获取所述 ARP服务器的 MAC地址, 并将所述第一 ARP 广播报文的目的 MAC地址修改为获取到的所述 ARP服务器的 MAC地址。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的代理模块, 其特征在于, 所述修后报文发送模块 具体包括:
ARP响应报文获取单元,用于获取所述 ARP响应报文,将所述 ARP响应报 文中的源 MAC地址替换为所述第二终端的 MAC地址,将所述 ARP响应报文中 源 IP地址替换为所述第二终端的 IP地址, 并将修改后的 ARP响应报文发送至 第一终端。
10、 一种 ARP服务器, 其特征在于, 所述 ARP服务器包括:
第二终端的 IP地址获取模块, 用于获取所述修改后的第一 ARP广播报文中 的所述第二终端的 IP地址;
第二终端的 MAC地址获取模块,用于查询所述终端 IP地址与终端 MAC地 址的对应关系, 获取与第二终端的 IP地址对应的 MAC地址。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的 ARP服务器, 其特征在于, 所述 ARP服务器 还包括:
GARP 广播信息接收模块, 用于接收到其在同一网络内的所有终端发送的 GARP广播信息;
地址存储模块, 用于获取并保存所述 GARP 广播信息中的终端 IP 地址和
MAC地址。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的 ARP服务器, 其特征在于, 所述 ARP服务器 还包括:
老化定时器设置模块,用于为保存的终端 IP地址和 MAC地址的设置老化定 时器;
老化定时器更新模块,用于根据接收到的与其在同一网络内的所有终端发送 的 GARP广播信息更新所述老化定时器。
13、 一种获取介质访问控制地址的系统, 其特征在于, 所述系统包括代理模 块和 ARP服务器, 其中:
所述代理模块用于, 接收所述第一终端发送的第一地址解析协议 ARP广播 报文, 所述第一 ARP广播报文用于请求获取第二终端的介质访问控制 MAC地 址; 获取 ARP服务器的地址,将所述第一 ARP广播报文的目的地址修改为 ARP 服务器的地址; 将修改后的第一 ARP广播报文发送至所述 ARP服务器;
所述 ARP服务器用于,接收所述代理模块发送的修改后的第一 ARP广播报 文; 根据所述修改后的第一 ARP广播报文获取所述第二终端的 MAC地址, 并 发送 ARP响应报文至所述第一终端,所述 ARP响应报文中包括所述第二终端的 MAC地址。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述代理模块还用于, 获 取所述 ARP响应报文, 将所述 ARP响应报文中的源 MAC地址替换为所述第二 终端的 MAC地址, 将所述 ARP响应报文中源 IP地址替换为所述第二终端的 IP 地址, 并将修改后的 ARP响应报文发送至第一终端。
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