US20060072109A1 - Hyperspectral imaging systems - Google Patents

Hyperspectral imaging systems Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20060072109A1
US20060072109A1 US11/220,016 US22001605A US2006072109A1 US 20060072109 A1 US20060072109 A1 US 20060072109A1 US 22001605 A US22001605 A US 22001605A US 2006072109 A1 US2006072109 A1 US 2006072109A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
array
focal plane
optics
lenslet
multiple channels
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/220,016
Inventor
Andrew Bodkin
Andrew Sheinis
Adam Norton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BODKIN DESIGN AND ENGINEERING LLC
Original Assignee
BODKIN DESIGN AND ENGINEERING LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BODKIN DESIGN AND ENGINEERING LLC filed Critical BODKIN DESIGN AND ENGINEERING LLC
Priority to US11/220,016 priority Critical patent/US20060072109A1/en
Assigned to BODKIN DESIGN AND ENGINEERING LLC reassignment BODKIN DESIGN AND ENGINEERING LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BODKIN, ANDREW, NORTON, ADAM, SHEINIS, ANDREW
Publication of US20060072109A1 publication Critical patent/US20060072109A1/en
Priority to US11/758,986 priority patent/US8233148B2/en
Priority to US11/933,253 priority patent/US8174694B2/en
Priority to US13/465,911 priority patent/US20120218548A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • G01J3/0205Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • G01J3/0205Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/0208Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • G01J3/0205Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/021Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using plane or convex mirrors, parallel phase plates, or particular reflectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • G01J3/0205Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/0229Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using masks, aperture plates, spatial light modulators or spatial filters, e.g. reflective filters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • G01J3/0205Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/0235Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using means for replacing an element by another, for replacing a filter or a grating
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • G01J3/0256Compact construction
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • G01J3/0262Constructional arrangements for removing stray light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • G01J3/0286Constructional arrangements for compensating for fluctuations caused by temperature, humidity or pressure, or using cooling or temperature stabilization of parts of the device; Controlling the atmosphere inside a spectrometer, e.g. vacuum
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • G01J3/0294Multi-channel spectroscopy
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/12Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
    • G01J3/14Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using refracting elements, e.g. prisms
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/2803Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/2823Imaging spectrometer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/30Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
    • G01J3/36Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02Constructional details
    • G01J5/06Arrangements for eliminating effects of disturbing radiation; Arrangements for compensating changes in sensitivity
    • G01J5/061Arrangements for eliminating effects of disturbing radiation; Arrangements for compensating changes in sensitivity by controlling the temperature of the apparatus or parts thereof, e.g. using cooling means or thermostats
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/0875Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more refracting elements
    • G02B26/0883Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more refracting elements the refracting element being a prism
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/1066Beam splitting or combining systems for enhancing image performance, like resolution, pixel numbers, dual magnifications or dynamic range, by tiling, slicing or overlapping fields of view
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/12Beam splitting or combining systems operating by refraction only
    • G02B27/123The splitting element being a lens or a system of lenses, including arrays and surfaces with refractive power
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/14Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
    • G02B27/143Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only using macroscopically faceted or segmented reflective surfaces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006Arrays
    • G02B3/0037Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
    • G02B3/0056Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/04Prisms
    • G02B5/045Prism arrays

Definitions

  • Hyperspectral imaging is a technique used for surveillance and reconnaissance in military, geophysical and marine science applications. Objects viewed by a hyperspectral imaging system are often displayed in three-dimensions, x, y (spatial) and ⁇ (color wavelength). Spatial observations (x, y) allow a person to observe an image when high contrast is available. However, during conditions of low contrast, such as fog, smoke, camouflage, and/or darkness, or when an object is too far away to resolve, spectral signatures help identify otherwise unobservable objects, for example to differentiate between friendly and enemy artillery.
  • the hyperspectral imaging technique typically employs a scanning slit spectrometer, although Fourier-transform imaging spectrometers (FTIS), and scanning filter (Fabry-Perot) imaging systems have also been used. These devices, however, record only two-dimensions of a three-dimensional data set at any one time.
  • the scanning slit spectrometer takes spectral information over a one-dimensional field of view (FOV) by imaging a scene onto a slit then passing that collimated image from the slit through a dispersive element (prism) and re-imaging various wavelength images of the slit onto a detector array.
  • FOV field of view
  • the slit is scanned over the entire scene producing different images that must be positionally matched in post-processing.
  • the FTIS and Fabry-Perot techniques also scan; the former scans in phase space, and the latter scans in frequency
  • a hyperspectral imaging system includes a focal plane array and a grating-free spectrometer that divides a field of view into multiple channels and that reimages the multiple channels as multiple spectral signatures onto the detector array.
  • a hyperspectral imaging system includes a lenslet array that divides a field of view into multiple channels, optics that collimate electromagnetic energy of the multiple channels from the lenslet array, a grating that disperses the multiple channels into multiple spectral signatures and that reflects the electromagnetic energy back through the optics, and a focal plane array that detects the multiple spectral signatures.
  • a hyperspectral imaging system includes imaging optics that form an image of an object, a focal plane array, a lenslet array that forms multiple images of a pupil of the imaging optics, and a prism and grating coupled to the lenslet array, to disperse the multiple images as multiple spectral signatures onto the focal plane array while blocking, by total internal reflection within the prism, unwanted spectral orders.
  • a hyperspectral imaging system In one embodiment, a hyperspectral imaging system is provided. Imaging optics form an image of an object. An image slicer partitions a field of view of the imaging optics. For each partitioned part of the field of view, a focal plane array and a spectrometer divide a portioned field of view into multiple channels and reimage the multiple channels as multiple spectral signatures onto the focal plane array.
  • a multiwavelength imager is provided. Imaging optics form an image of an object. At least one micromachined optical element (MMO) is located at or near to an image plane of the imager, providing a spectral signature for use with a focal plane array.
  • MMO micromachined optical element
  • a hyperspectral imaging system includes imaging optics that form an image of an object.
  • a spectrometer has an array of pinholes that divide a field of view of the imaging optics into multiple channels. Dispersive optics reimage the multiple channels as multiple spectral signatures onto a focal plane array.
  • a hyperspectral imaging system includes a lenslet array, a focal plane array, a pinhole array between the detector array and the lenslet array.
  • the pinhole array having a different pitch than the lenslet array and aligned such that each lenslet of the lenslet array corresponds to a pinhole of the pinhole array.
  • the lenslet array is moveable to define where an object is viewed by the imaging system.
  • a spectrometer reimages multiple channels from the lenslet array as multiple spectral signatures onto the detector array.
  • a hyperspectral imager includes the improvement of at least one zoom lens for selecting a variable field of view of the imager and a variable dispersion element for selecting dispersion for spectral signatures for the imager.
  • a hyperspectral imager of the type that forms a hyperspectral data cube includes the improvement of at least one zoom collimating or relay lens that variably adjusts spectral and spatial resolution of the hyperspectral data cube.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including crossed prisms that produce minimal dispersion of electromagnetic energy in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including crossed prisms that produce a large degree of dispersion in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an intensity pattern from a two-dimensional lenslet array.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an intensity pattern of spectra spread from individual channels.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including a micromachined optical (MMO) assembly in accord with an embodiment.
  • MMO micromachined optical
  • FIG. 7 illustrates exemplary MMO's of FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-section of one MMO assembly in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including a reflective grating in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including an image slicer in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including a pinhole array in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including a lenslet array and a pinhole array in accord with an embodiment
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an assembly wheel incorporating various MMOs in accord with an embodiment.
  • a hyperspectral imaging system may achieve high instrument resolution by recording three-dimensions, two spatial dimensions (x and y) and a spectral or color dimension ( ⁇ ), simultaneously. Further, the hyperspectral imager may be handheld and operate to disperse and refocus an image without using moving parts.
  • the imaging optics may for example image faster than at least f/5.
  • a hyperspectral imaging system 100 is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • System 100 uses a two-dimensional lenslet array 102 at or near to an image plane 105 of imaging optics 104 , to resample an image formed by imaging optics 104 ; lenslet array 102 is part of a spectrometer 106 , discussed in more detail below.
  • Imaging optics 104 are illustratively shown as a Cassegrain telescope but may instead comprise optical elements (e.g., as in FIG. 6 ) including refractive optical elements. Accordingly, imaging optics 104 may be a camera lens or other optical system that customizes imaging specifications by modifying f-number, modifying magnification, providing cold shielding, and/or providing filtering.
  • Imaging optics 104 are illustratively shown imaging incoming electromagnetic radiation 103 onto image plane 105 .
  • Spectrometer 106 divides the image from imaging optics 104 into multiple channels, where each channel forms a pupil image that is focused as a spot 400 in an image plane 4 - 4 of lenslet array 102 , as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • One exemplary channel 107 is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • spectrometer 106 includes a collimating lens 108 , a dispersive element 110 , and a focusing lens 112 .
  • Dispersive element 110 is, for example, a prism that separates spots 400 into multiple spectral signatures.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system having crossed prisms 110 , 100 ( 2 ) that produces minimal dispersion of electromagnetic energy.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system having crossed prisms 110 , 100 ( 2 ) that produces a large dispersion of electromagnetic energy.
  • elements 108 , 112 of FIG. 1 may comprise additional or different types of optical elements (e.g., mirrors) to form like function, without departing from the scope hereof.
  • each spectral signature is associated with a single spot 400 (each spot 400 from a corresponding lenslet of array 102 ) and is recorded simultaneously on a two-dimensional focal plane array 114 .
  • images are spread into several hundred color bands and about 1,000 spatial locations on a 100 ⁇ 100 CCD detector.
  • a CCD detector may be used for detection in the visible region, while various other detectors may be used for detection in other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, e.g., ultraviolet (UV), near infrared (NIR), mid-wave infrared (MWIR), long-wave infrared (LWIR) and/or microwave regions.
  • Spectrometer 106 may thus be formed of optical elements that transmit and function in a particular waveband.
  • An uncooled microbolometer may be used as focal plane array 114 when the waveband is infrared (e.g., 8-12 microns), for example.
  • the images received by focal plane array 114 are captured by a computer processor 116 and both the location of an image and the spectral information for that location are processed into a three-dimensional data set denoted herein as a hyperspectral data cube 118 .
  • the data are collected in parallel and may be saved to memory and/or viewed in real time in any of the several hundred wavebands recorded.
  • Data cubes 118 are collected at the speed of the digital detector array, typically limited by its internal digital clock. Thus data cubes may be read, for example, at a rate between 1-1000 data cubes per second with a spectral resolution in a range of about 1-50 nm, for example.
  • the dispersing direction i.e., angle of dispersive element 110 relative to focal plane 114
  • the dispersing direction may be rotated about the optical axis to avoid overlap of different spectra 500 on detector 114 .
  • Tilt angle B allows the spectral images to tilt between each other along the pixel separation distance A.
  • tilt angle B may range from about 10 to 20 degrees.
  • the length of spectrum 500 is determined by the diffracting power of dispersive element(s) 110 and/or by a filter (see, e.g., FIG. 9 ). Accordingly, spectral resolution may be traded for spatial resolution and vice versa.
  • the number of spectral bands may be doubled, for example, by increasing the dispersion of the prism and halving the lenslet-array size (and, hence, halving the number of spatial lenslet elements).
  • a zoom collimating or relay lens may also be used to variably adjust spectral and spatial resolution.
  • imaging optics 104 may be omitted from the hyperspectral imager in certain applications; in this embodiment, therefore, lenslet array 102 and a pinhole array serve to image the object as the multiple channels through the spectrometer 106 . See, e.g., FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 6 shows each optic of lenslet array 102 as a micromachined optical element (“MMO”) 600 that both disperses and refocuses light.
  • MMO 600 micromachined optical element
  • FIG. 7 Expanded cross-sectional views of several exemplary MMO's are shown in FIG. 7 .
  • MMO 600 ( 1 ) may include a lens 702 coupled to a transmissive grating 704 (although grating 704 is shown on the back of lens 702 , it may instead be on the front of lens 702 ).
  • MMO 600 ( 2 ) includes a lens 702 coupled to a prism 706 and a transmissive grating 704 .
  • Prism 706 may be configured to block a selected order by total internal reflection within the prism, but yet allow other spectral orders to be transmitted through lens 702 and diffracted by transmissive grating 704 . See, e.g., FIG. 8 .
  • a Fresnel lens 708 is coupled with a transmissive grating 704 as part of MMO 600 ( 3 ).
  • MMO's may reduce the overall size and complexity of the hyperspectral imaging system, as well as increase the durability of the instrument using the hyperspectral imaging system, because there are no moving parts. Since the MMO's are micromachined they are ideally suited for manufacturing in silicon for use in infrared imagers. Alternatively, using a low cost replicating technique, the MMO's may be molded into epoxy on glass, for use in the visible waveband. Gratings may be applied to the MMO's during the molding process or by chemical etching, photolithography and the like.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-section of lenslet array 102 having lenses 702 for receiving and refocusing radiation.
  • Each lens 702 is coupled with a prism 706 (and/or grating) that disperses radiation into its constituent wavelengths (spectral signature) onto focal plane array 114 .
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system 900 including a reflective grating 902 .
  • Electromagnetic energy 903 may be received directly by lenslet array 102 or transmitted through imaging optics 104 (not shown).
  • Lenslet array 102 images and divides a field of view into multiple channels that are transmitted through spectrometer 106 , which illustratively includes both collimator 108 and focusing lens 112 .
  • Spectrometer 106 may, for example, be an aspheric optical component manufactured of transmissive germanium, to operate in the infrared.
  • Electromagnetic energy transmitted through spectrometer 106 is reflected and diffracted by reflective grating 902 , which is for example used in a Littrow configuration.
  • the reflected electromagnetic energy 903 A is transmitted back through spectrometer 106 and reflected by a fold mirror 904 through a filter 906 onto a focal plane array 114 .
  • Filter 906 may, for example, limit spectral length A ( FIG. 5 ) and prevent spectral overlap on detector 114 .
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system 1000 including an image slicer 1002 .
  • Image slicer 1002 divides an image received from imaging optics 104 .
  • each slice of electromagnetic energy intersects a reflective element 1004 that transmits its associated energy to a designated spectrometer and detector combination.
  • the spectrometer/detector combination may be that of hyperspectral imaging system 900 , although other hyperspectral imaging systems may be employed.
  • Use of lenslet array 102 in combination with image slicer 1002 produces a two-dimensional field of view divided into multiple channels that can be dispersed by a grating without order overlap.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system 1100 including a pinhole array 1102 .
  • Pinhole array 1102 may be used in place of, or in addition to, lenslet array 102 to divide the image into multiple channels through pinholes.
  • Pinhole array 1102 may be positioned at or near to the image plane of imaging optics 104 .
  • pinhole array 1102 is moveable so that pinhole array 1102 is positioned to capture selective field positions of the object sampled by system 1102 . If pinhole array 1102 is positioned near to, but not at the image plane, then defocus energy transmits through pinholes of array 1102 such that integration of field positions occurs through the several channels of system 1100 .
  • Pinhole array 1102 may be reflective to act as a narcissus mirror, to reduce background radiation in the case of infrared imaging. Similarly, pinhole array 1102 may be absorbing and cooled to reduce background radiation, which is particularly beneficial when the waveband sampled by the spectrometer is in the infrared.
  • a collimating lens 108 , dispersive element 110 , and focusing lens 112 may be used in conjunction with pinhole array 1102 to disperse and refocus multiple channels into multiple spectral signatures on focal plane array 114 .
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including lenslet array 102 and pinhole array 1102 .
  • Lenslet array 102 may be located between the object and pinhole array 1102 with each lens 600 of lenslet array 102 aligned with a corresponding pinhole of pinhole array 1102 .
  • the pitch of lenslet array 102 and pinhole array 1102 are the same when imaging optics 104 is present, i.e., each pinhole is located at the optical axis of a lens 600 .
  • electromagnetic energy 103 may be directly sampled by lenslet array 102 and pinhole array 1102 by differing the pitch between lenslet array 102 and pinhole array 1102 .
  • the pitch between lenslet array 102 and pinhole array 1102 are made to differ by offsetting the optical axis of one array relative to the other.
  • hyperspectral imagers may be used to cover a large field of view.
  • the exterior of a surveillance plane may be covered with multiple hyperspectral imagers.
  • Data from the multiple imagers may be compiled into one comprehensive data set for viewing and analysis.
  • a large-scale hyperspectral imager may be fabricated according to the present instrumentalities.
  • a large-scale imager may be used in aerial or satellite applications.
  • the costs of fabricating and transporting an imager as herein disclosed may be less than similar costs associated with a traditional hyperspectral imaging system due to the decreased number of optical components and weight thereof.
  • a micromachined optical (MMO) assembly wheel 1300 for positioning multiple MMO's formed into lenslet arrays 102 within the imaging system is provided. Selection of any one lenslet array 102 provides differing spectral signatures from any other lenslet array of MMO wheel 1300 .
  • lenslet arrays 102 ( 1 ) and 102 ( 2 ) provide hexagonally packed MMO's 600 ( 4 ) and 600 ( 5 ), respectively.
  • MMO's 600 ( 5 ) may include different optical components, i.e., filters, gratings and/or prisms, than MMO's 600 ( 4 ).
  • Lenslet arrays 102 ( 3 ) and 102 ( 4 ) provide close packed hexagonal arrangements of MMO's 600 ( 6 ) and 600 ( 7 ), respectively, and the optical components of MMO's 600 ( 6 ) and 600 ( 7 ) may differ.
  • MMO's 600 ( 4 ) and 600 ( 5 ) are larger than MMO's 600 ( 6 ) and 600 ( 7 ). Large MMO's may provide for decreased spatial resolution, but increased spectral resolution.
  • lenses 600 may be utilized in a MMO wheel 1300 . It may then be desirable to vary the amount of dispersion to accommodate various lens sizes. For example, dispersive element(s) 110 may be rotated to increase dispersion when large lenses 600 are used and decrease dispersion when small lenses 600 are used to sample an image. Zoom lenses may also be used beneficially with differing MMOs within the hyperspectral imaging system.
  • Object identification which is more than mere recognition, may be performed by software to distinguish objects with specific spatial and spectral signatures.
  • materials from which objects in the image are made may be spectrally distinguished, e.g., in the visible range, paint on an enemy tank may be distinguished from paint on a friendly tank, while in the infrared region, a water treatment plant may be distinguished from a chemical weapons factory.
  • the software may be trained to color code or otherwise highlight elements of the image with particular spatial and/or spectral signatures.

Abstract

Hyperspectral imaging systems that may be used for imaging objects in three-dimensions with no moving parts are disclosed. A lenslet array and/or a pinhole array may be used to reimage and divide the field of view into multiple channels. The multiple channels are dispersed into multiple spectral signatures and observed on a two-dimensional focal plane array in real time. The entire hyperspectral datacube is collected simultaneously.

Description

    RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/607,327, filed Sep. 3, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference.
  • U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS
  • The U.S. Government has certain rights in this invention as provided for by the terms of Grant #F19628-03-C-0079 awarded by the U.S. Air Force.
  • BACKGROUND
  • Hyperspectral imaging is a technique used for surveillance and reconnaissance in military, geophysical and marine science applications. Objects viewed by a hyperspectral imaging system are often displayed in three-dimensions, x, y (spatial) and λ (color wavelength). Spatial observations (x, y) allow a person to observe an image when high contrast is available. However, during conditions of low contrast, such as fog, smoke, camouflage, and/or darkness, or when an object is too far away to resolve, spectral signatures help identify otherwise unobservable objects, for example to differentiate between friendly and enemy artillery.
  • The hyperspectral imaging technique typically employs a scanning slit spectrometer, although Fourier-transform imaging spectrometers (FTIS), and scanning filter (Fabry-Perot) imaging systems have also been used. These devices, however, record only two-dimensions of a three-dimensional data set at any one time. For example, the scanning slit spectrometer takes spectral information over a one-dimensional field of view (FOV) by imaging a scene onto a slit then passing that collimated image from the slit through a dispersive element (prism) and re-imaging various wavelength images of the slit onto a detector array. In order to develop three-dimensional information, the slit is scanned over the entire scene producing different images that must be positionally matched in post-processing. The FTIS and Fabry-Perot techniques also scan; the former scans in phase space, and the latter scans in frequency
  • Current scanning spectrometer designs have resulted in large, expensive and unwieldy devices that are unsuitable for hand-held or vehicle applications. While these spectrometers have been employed effectively in airborne and satellite applications, they have inherent design limitations. These limitations arise due to motion of the associated platform, motion or changes in the atmosphere, and/or motion of the objects in the image field that occur during scan sequences. Motion of the platform results in mismatched and misaligned sub-images, reducing the resolution and hence the effectiveness of the observations, while a moving object, such as a missile, may escape detection if the object is moving faster than the spectrometer scan rate.
  • SUMMARY
  • In one embodiment, a hyperspectral imaging system includes a focal plane array and a grating-free spectrometer that divides a field of view into multiple channels and that reimages the multiple channels as multiple spectral signatures onto the detector array.
  • In one embodiment, a hyperspectral imaging system includes a lenslet array that divides a field of view into multiple channels, optics that collimate electromagnetic energy of the multiple channels from the lenslet array, a grating that disperses the multiple channels into multiple spectral signatures and that reflects the electromagnetic energy back through the optics, and a focal plane array that detects the multiple spectral signatures.
  • In one embodiment, a hyperspectral imaging system includes imaging optics that form an image of an object, a focal plane array, a lenslet array that forms multiple images of a pupil of the imaging optics, and a prism and grating coupled to the lenslet array, to disperse the multiple images as multiple spectral signatures onto the focal plane array while blocking, by total internal reflection within the prism, unwanted spectral orders.
  • In one embodiment, a hyperspectral imaging system is provided. Imaging optics form an image of an object. An image slicer partitions a field of view of the imaging optics. For each partitioned part of the field of view, a focal plane array and a spectrometer divide a portioned field of view into multiple channels and reimage the multiple channels as multiple spectral signatures onto the focal plane array.
  • In one embodiment, a multiwavelength imager is provided. Imaging optics form an image of an object. At least one micromachined optical element (MMO) is located at or near to an image plane of the imager, providing a spectral signature for use with a focal plane array.
  • In one embodiment, a hyperspectral imaging system includes imaging optics that form an image of an object. A spectrometer has an array of pinholes that divide a field of view of the imaging optics into multiple channels. Dispersive optics reimage the multiple channels as multiple spectral signatures onto a focal plane array.
  • In one embodiment, a hyperspectral imaging system includes a lenslet array, a focal plane array, a pinhole array between the detector array and the lenslet array. The pinhole array having a different pitch than the lenslet array and aligned such that each lenslet of the lenslet array corresponds to a pinhole of the pinhole array. The lenslet array is moveable to define where an object is viewed by the imaging system. A spectrometer reimages multiple channels from the lenslet array as multiple spectral signatures onto the detector array.
  • In one embodiment, a hyperspectral imager includes the improvement of at least one zoom lens for selecting a variable field of view of the imager and a variable dispersion element for selecting dispersion for spectral signatures for the imager.
  • In one embodiment, a hyperspectral imager of the type that forms a hyperspectral data cube includes the improvement of at least one zoom collimating or relay lens that variably adjusts spectral and spatial resolution of the hyperspectral data cube.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including crossed prisms that produce minimal dispersion of electromagnetic energy in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including crossed prisms that produce a large degree of dispersion in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an intensity pattern from a two-dimensional lenslet array.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an intensity pattern of spectra spread from individual channels.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including a micromachined optical (MMO) assembly in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates exemplary MMO's of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-section of one MMO assembly in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including a reflective grating in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including an image slicer in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including a pinhole array in accord with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including a lenslet array and a pinhole array in accord with an embodiment
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an assembly wheel incorporating various MMOs in accord with an embodiment.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • A hyperspectral imaging system is disclosed herein which may achieve high instrument resolution by recording three-dimensions, two spatial dimensions (x and y) and a spectral or color dimension (λ), simultaneously. Further, the hyperspectral imager may be handheld and operate to disperse and refocus an image without using moving parts. The imaging optics may for example image faster than at least f/5.
  • A hyperspectral imaging system 100 is shown in FIG. 1. System 100 uses a two-dimensional lenslet array 102 at or near to an image plane 105 of imaging optics 104, to resample an image formed by imaging optics 104; lenslet array 102 is part of a spectrometer 106, discussed in more detail below. Imaging optics 104 are illustratively shown as a Cassegrain telescope but may instead comprise optical elements (e.g., as in FIG. 6) including refractive optical elements. Accordingly, imaging optics 104 may be a camera lens or other optical system that customizes imaging specifications by modifying f-number, modifying magnification, providing cold shielding, and/or providing filtering. Imaging optics 104 are illustratively shown imaging incoming electromagnetic radiation 103 onto image plane 105.
  • Spectrometer 106 divides the image from imaging optics 104 into multiple channels, where each channel forms a pupil image that is focused as a spot 400 in an image plane 4-4 of lenslet array 102, as shown in FIG. 4. One exemplary channel 107 is shown in FIG. 1. In addition to lenslet array 102, spectrometer 106 includes a collimating lens 108, a dispersive element 110, and a focusing lens 112. Dispersive element 110 is, for example, a prism that separates spots 400 into multiple spectral signatures. A second dispersive element 110(2), as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, may be used to vary the diffractive power of the first dispersive element 110; for example, dispersive elements 110 and 110(2) may form a pair of crossed prisms where one of the dispersive elements may be rotated relative to the other in order to increase or decrease dispersion. FIG. 2 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system having crossed prisms 110, 100(2) that produces minimal dispersion of electromagnetic energy. FIG. 3 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system having crossed prisms 110, 100(2) that produces a large dispersion of electromagnetic energy.
  • Those skilled in the art, upon reading and fully appreciating this disclosure, will appreciate that elements 108, 112 of FIG. 1 may comprise additional or different types of optical elements (e.g., mirrors) to form like function, without departing from the scope hereof.
  • As illustrated in FIG. 4, each spectral signature is associated with a single spot 400 (each spot 400 from a corresponding lenslet of array 102) and is recorded simultaneously on a two-dimensional focal plane array 114. In one example, images are spread into several hundred color bands and about 1,000 spatial locations on a 100×100 CCD detector. A CCD detector may be used for detection in the visible region, while various other detectors may be used for detection in other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, e.g., ultraviolet (UV), near infrared (NIR), mid-wave infrared (MWIR), long-wave infrared (LWIR) and/or microwave regions. Spectrometer 106 may thus be formed of optical elements that transmit and function in a particular waveband. An uncooled microbolometer may be used as focal plane array 114 when the waveband is infrared (e.g., 8-12 microns), for example.
  • The images received by focal plane array 114 are captured by a computer processor 116 and both the location of an image and the spectral information for that location are processed into a three-dimensional data set denoted herein as a hyperspectral data cube 118. The data are collected in parallel and may be saved to memory and/or viewed in real time in any of the several hundred wavebands recorded. Data cubes 118 are collected at the speed of the digital detector array, typically limited by its internal digital clock. Thus data cubes may be read, for example, at a rate between 1-1000 data cubes per second with a spectral resolution in a range of about 1-50 nm, for example.
  • As illustrated in FIG. 5, the dispersing direction (i.e., angle of dispersive element 110 relative to focal plane 114) may be rotated about the optical axis to avoid overlap of different spectra 500 on detector 114. Tilt angle B allows the spectral images to tilt between each other along the pixel separation distance A. For example, tilt angle B may range from about 10 to 20 degrees. The length of spectrum 500 is determined by the diffracting power of dispersive element(s) 110 and/or by a filter (see, e.g., FIG. 9). Accordingly, spectral resolution may be traded for spatial resolution and vice versa. For a given detector size, the number of spectral bands may be doubled, for example, by increasing the dispersion of the prism and halving the lenslet-array size (and, hence, halving the number of spatial lenslet elements). A zoom collimating or relay lens may also be used to variably adjust spectral and spatial resolution.
  • Referring again to FIG. 1, imaging optics 104 may be omitted from the hyperspectral imager in certain applications; in this embodiment, therefore, lenslet array 102 and a pinhole array serve to image the object as the multiple channels through the spectrometer 106. See, e.g., FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 6 shows each optic of lenslet array 102 as a micromachined optical element (“MMO”) 600 that both disperses and refocuses light. Expanded cross-sectional views of several exemplary MMO's are shown in FIG. 7. For example, MMO 600(1) may include a lens 702 coupled to a transmissive grating 704 (although grating 704 is shown on the back of lens 702, it may instead be on the front of lens 702). In another example, MMO 600(2) includes a lens 702 coupled to a prism 706 and a transmissive grating 704. Prism 706 may be configured to block a selected order by total internal reflection within the prism, but yet allow other spectral orders to be transmitted through lens 702 and diffracted by transmissive grating 704. See, e.g., FIG. 8. In yet another example, a Fresnel lens 708 is coupled with a transmissive grating 704 as part of MMO 600(3).
  • The use of MMO's may reduce the overall size and complexity of the hyperspectral imaging system, as well as increase the durability of the instrument using the hyperspectral imaging system, because there are no moving parts. Since the MMO's are micromachined they are ideally suited for manufacturing in silicon for use in infrared imagers. Alternatively, using a low cost replicating technique, the MMO's may be molded into epoxy on glass, for use in the visible waveband. Gratings may be applied to the MMO's during the molding process or by chemical etching, photolithography and the like.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-section of lenslet array 102 having lenses 702 for receiving and refocusing radiation. Each lens 702 is coupled with a prism 706 (and/or grating) that disperses radiation into its constituent wavelengths (spectral signature) onto focal plane array 114.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system 900 including a reflective grating 902. Electromagnetic energy 903 may be received directly by lenslet array 102 or transmitted through imaging optics 104 (not shown). Lenslet array 102 images and divides a field of view into multiple channels that are transmitted through spectrometer 106, which illustratively includes both collimator 108 and focusing lens 112. Spectrometer 106 may, for example, be an aspheric optical component manufactured of transmissive germanium, to operate in the infrared. Electromagnetic energy transmitted through spectrometer 106 is reflected and diffracted by reflective grating 902, which is for example used in a Littrow configuration. The reflected electromagnetic energy 903A is transmitted back through spectrometer 106 and reflected by a fold mirror 904 through a filter 906 onto a focal plane array 114. Filter 906 may, for example, limit spectral length A (FIG. 5) and prevent spectral overlap on detector 114.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system 1000 including an image slicer 1002. Image slicer 1002 divides an image received from imaging optics 104. In the embodiment of FIG. 10, each slice of electromagnetic energy intersects a reflective element 1004 that transmits its associated energy to a designated spectrometer and detector combination. For example, the spectrometer/detector combination may be that of hyperspectral imaging system 900, although other hyperspectral imaging systems may be employed. Use of lenslet array 102 in combination with image slicer 1002 produces a two-dimensional field of view divided into multiple channels that can be dispersed by a grating without order overlap.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system 1100 including a pinhole array 1102. Pinhole array 1102 may be used in place of, or in addition to, lenslet array 102 to divide the image into multiple channels through pinholes. Pinhole array 1102 may be positioned at or near to the image plane of imaging optics 104. In one embodiment, pinhole array 1102 is moveable so that pinhole array 1102 is positioned to capture selective field positions of the object sampled by system 1102. If pinhole array 1102 is positioned near to, but not at the image plane, then defocus energy transmits through pinholes of array 1102 such that integration of field positions occurs through the several channels of system 1100. Pinhole array 1102 may be reflective to act as a narcissus mirror, to reduce background radiation in the case of infrared imaging. Similarly, pinhole array 1102 may be absorbing and cooled to reduce background radiation, which is particularly beneficial when the waveband sampled by the spectrometer is in the infrared. A collimating lens 108, dispersive element 110, and focusing lens 112 may be used in conjunction with pinhole array 1102 to disperse and refocus multiple channels into multiple spectral signatures on focal plane array 114.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a hyperspectral imaging system including lenslet array 102 and pinhole array 1102. Lenslet array 102 may be located between the object and pinhole array 1102 with each lens 600 of lenslet array 102 aligned with a corresponding pinhole of pinhole array 1102. The pitch of lenslet array 102 and pinhole array 1102 are the same when imaging optics 104 is present, i.e., each pinhole is located at the optical axis of a lens 600. If imaging optics 104 is not present within system 1100, electromagnetic energy 103 may be directly sampled by lenslet array 102 and pinhole array 1102 by differing the pitch between lenslet array 102 and pinhole array 1102. The pitch between lenslet array 102 and pinhole array 1102 are made to differ by offsetting the optical axis of one array relative to the other.
  • Multiple hyperspectral imagers may be used to cover a large field of view. For example, the exterior of a surveillance plane may be covered with multiple hyperspectral imagers. Data from the multiple imagers may be compiled into one comprehensive data set for viewing and analysis.
  • Alternatively, a large-scale hyperspectral imager may be fabricated according to the present instrumentalities. For example, a large-scale imager may be used in aerial or satellite applications. The costs of fabricating and transporting an imager as herein disclosed may be less than similar costs associated with a traditional hyperspectral imaging system due to the decreased number of optical components and weight thereof.
  • A large degree of flexibility is available where, for example, imaging optics, lenslet arrays, pinhole arrays, detectors, filters, and the like may be interchanged as necessary for a desired application of the hyperspectral imaging system. In one embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 13, a micromachined optical (MMO) assembly wheel 1300 for positioning multiple MMO's formed into lenslet arrays 102 within the imaging system is provided. Selection of any one lenslet array 102 provides differing spectral signatures from any other lenslet array of MMO wheel 1300. For example, lenslet arrays 102(1) and 102(2) provide hexagonally packed MMO's 600(4) and 600(5), respectively. However, MMO's 600(5) may include different optical components, i.e., filters, gratings and/or prisms, than MMO's 600(4). Lenslet arrays 102(3) and 102(4) provide close packed hexagonal arrangements of MMO's 600(6) and 600(7), respectively, and the optical components of MMO's 600(6) and 600(7) may differ. MMO's 600(4) and 600(5) are larger than MMO's 600(6) and 600(7). Large MMO's may provide for decreased spatial resolution, but increased spectral resolution.
  • It is also possible that lenses 600, that are not coupled with gratings 704 or prisms 706, may be utilized in a MMO wheel 1300. It may then be desirable to vary the amount of dispersion to accommodate various lens sizes. For example, dispersive element(s) 110 may be rotated to increase dispersion when large lenses 600 are used and decrease dispersion when small lenses 600 are used to sample an image. Zoom lenses may also be used beneficially with differing MMOs within the hyperspectral imaging system.
  • Object identification, which is more than mere recognition, may be performed by software to distinguish objects with specific spatial and spectral signatures. For example, materials from which objects in the image are made may be spectrally distinguished, e.g., in the visible range, paint on an enemy tank may be distinguished from paint on a friendly tank, while in the infrared region, a water treatment plant may be distinguished from a chemical weapons factory. The software may be trained to color code or otherwise highlight elements of the image with particular spatial and/or spectral signatures.
  • Certain changes may be made in the systems and methods described herein without departing from the scope hereof. It should thus be noted that the matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings should be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. The following claims are intended to cover all generic and specific features described herein, as well as all statements of the scope of the present method and system, which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall there between.

Claims (30)

1. A hyperspectral imaging system, comprising:
a focal plane array; and
a grating-free spectrometer for dividing a field of view into multiple channels and for reimaging the multiple channels as multiple spectral signatures onto the focal plane array.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising imaging optics for forming an image of an object within the field of view.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the grating-free spectrometer comprises an array of pinholes dividing the field of view of the imaging optics to form the multiple channels, the pinholes being positioned adjacent to an image formed by the imaging optics, to blur energy from the image of the object into at least one of the channels.
4. The system of claim 2, wherein the grating-free spectrometer comprises a lenslet array and an array of pinholes to sample the image.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the imaging optics image faster than at least f/5.
6. The system of claim 2, wherein the grating-free spectrometer comprises an array of pinholes dividing the field of view of the imaging optics to form the multiple channels.
7. The system of claim 6, the pinholes formed by a narcissus mirror with an array of apertures, to reduce background radiation onto the focal plane array.
8. The system of claim 6, the pinholes formed by an optically absorbing material with an array of aperatures, the absorbing material being cooled to reduce background radiation onto the focal plane array.
9. The system of claim 1, the grating-free spectrometer comprising: (a) a lenslet array, to form the multiple channels; (b) optics, to collimate electromagnetic energy of the multiple channels from the lenslet array; (c) a prism, to disperse the electromagnetic energy of the multiple channels into multiple spectral signatures; and (d) optics to image the spectral signatures onto the focal plane array.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the grating-free spectrometer comprises an array of pinholes dividing the field of view of the imaging optics to form the multiple channels.
11. The system of claim 10, the pinholes formed by a narcissus mirror with an array of apertures, to reduce background radiation onto the focal plane array.
12. The system of claim 10, the pinholes formed by an optically absorbing material with an array of aperatures, the absorbing material being cooled to reduce background radiation onto the focal plane array.
13. The system of claim 1, further comprising a processor connected with the focal plane array for forming a hyperspectral data cube from the multiple spectral signatures, wherein objects may be identified from the hyperspectral data cube.
14. The system of claim 1, the grating-free spectrometer comprising: first optics for collimating electromagnetic energy of an object along an optical axis; a first prism for dispersing the electromagnetic energy; a second prism for redirecting the spectra of the first prism along the optical axis; second optics for focusing electromagnetic energy along the optical axis from the second prism and onto the focal plane array.
15. A hyperspectral imaging system, comprising:
a lenslet array for dividing a field of view into multiple channels;
optics for collimating electromagnetic energy of the multiple channels from the lenslet array;
a grating for dispersing the multiple channels into multiple spectral signatures and for reflecting the electromagnetic energy back through the optics; and
a focal plane array for detecting the multiple spectral signatures.
16. The system of claim 15, further comprising imaging optics for forming an image of an object within the field of view.
17. A hyperspectral imaging system, comprising:
imaging optics for forming an image of an object;
a focal plane array;
a lenslet array for forming multiple images of a pupil of the imaging optics; and
a prism and grating coupled to the lenslet array, for dispersing the multiple images as multiple spectral signatures onto the focal plane array while blocking, by total internal reflection within the prism, unwanted spectral orders.
18. A hyperspectral imaging system, comprising:
imaging optics for forming an image of an object;
an image slicer for partitioning a field of view of the imaging optics; and, for each partitioned part of the field of view:
a focal plane array; and a spectrometer for dividing a portioned field of view into multiple channels and for reimaging the multiple channels as multiple spectral signatures onto the focal plane array.
19. The system of claim 18, further comprising an array of pinholes configured to sample the image and divide the field of view to form the multiple channels.
20. The system of claim 19, further comprising a lenslet array, wherein each lenslet of the lenslet array is aligned with a corresponding pinhole of the pinhole array.
21. The system of claim 18, the spectrometer comprising: (a) a lenslet array, to form the multiple channels; (b) optics, to collimate electromagnetic energy of the multiple channels from the lenslet array; and (c) a reflection grating, to disperse the multiple spectral signatures back through optics and to the focal plane array.
22. The system of claim 18, the spectrometer comprising: (a) a lenslet array oriented such that a two dimensional segment of the partitioned field of view images onto a two dimensional portion of the lenslet array; (b) optics, to collimate electromagnetic energy of the multiple channels from the lenslet array; and (c) a reflection grating oriented such that at least one spectrum images back through the optics and onto the focal plane array along a direction of dispersion.
23. A multiwavelength imager, comprising:
imaging optics for forming an image of an object;
a focal plane array; and
at least one micromachined optical element (MMO) located at or near to an image plane of the imager, for providing a spectral signature for use with the focal plane array.
24. The imager of claim 23, the MMO comprising a lenslet array and grating to image the pupil and divide it into wavelengths.
25. The imager of claim 23, further comprising an assembly wheel for positioning multiple MMOs within the imager wherein selection of any one MMO provides differing spectral signatures from any other MMO of the assembly wheel.
26. A hyperspectral imaging system, comprising:
imaging optics for forming an image of an object;
a focal plane array; and
a spectrometer having an array of pinholes that divide a field of view of the imaging optics into multiple channels and dispersive optics for reimaging the multiple channels as multiple spectral signatures onto the focal plane array.
27. A hyperspectral imaging system, comprising:
a lenslet array;
a focal plane array;
a pinhole array between the detector array and the lenslet array, the pinhole array having a different pitch than the lenslet array, the lenslet array moveable to define where an object is viewed by the imaging system, wherein each lenslet of the lenslet array is aligned with a corresponding pinhole of the pinhole array; and
a spectrometer for reimaging multiple channels from the lenslet array as multiple spectral signatures onto the detector array.
28. In a hyperspectral imager, the improvement comprising:
at least one zoom lens for selecting a variable field of view of the imager; and
a variable dispersion element for selecting dispersion for spectral signatures for the imager.
29. A hyperspectral imager of claim 28, wherein the variable dispersion element is a pair of crossed prisms.
30. In a hyperspectral imager of the type that forms a hyperspectral data cube, the improvement comprising:
at least one zoom collimating or relay lens that variably adjusts spectral and spatial resolution of the hyperspectral data cube.
US11/220,016 2001-12-21 2005-09-06 Hyperspectral imaging systems Abandoned US20060072109A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/220,016 US20060072109A1 (en) 2004-09-03 2005-09-06 Hyperspectral imaging systems
US11/758,986 US8233148B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2007-06-06 Hyperspectral imaging systems
US11/933,253 US8174694B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2007-10-31 Hyperspectral imaging systems
US13/465,911 US20120218548A1 (en) 2001-12-21 2012-05-07 Hyperspectral imaging systems

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US60732704P 2004-09-03 2004-09-03
US11/220,016 US20060072109A1 (en) 2004-09-03 2005-09-06 Hyperspectral imaging systems

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/325,129 Division US7049597B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2002-12-20 Multi-mode optical imager
US11/437,085 Continuation-In-Part US20060208193A1 (en) 2001-12-21 2006-05-19 Multi-mode optical imager

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/437,085 Continuation US20060208193A1 (en) 2001-12-21 2006-05-19 Multi-mode optical imager
US11/758,986 Continuation US8233148B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2007-06-06 Hyperspectral imaging systems

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20060072109A1 true US20060072109A1 (en) 2006-04-06

Family

ID=36125182

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/220,016 Abandoned US20060072109A1 (en) 2001-12-21 2005-09-06 Hyperspectral imaging systems
US11/758,986 Active 2025-08-27 US8233148B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2007-06-06 Hyperspectral imaging systems

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/758,986 Active 2025-08-27 US8233148B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2007-06-06 Hyperspectral imaging systems

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (2) US20060072109A1 (en)

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008103918A1 (en) * 2007-02-22 2008-08-28 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Hyperspectral imaging spectrometer for early detection of skin cancer
US20080203314A1 (en) * 2007-02-27 2008-08-28 Harrison Dale A Prism spectrometer
US20080204711A1 (en) * 2007-02-27 2008-08-28 Harrison Dale A Spectrometer with moveable detector element
US20080204710A1 (en) * 2007-02-27 2008-08-28 Harrison Dale A Spectrometer with collimated input light
US20080291445A1 (en) * 2007-04-06 2008-11-27 Nikon Corporation Spectroscopic instrument, image producing device, spectroscopic method, and image producing method
US20090326383A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-31 Michael Barnes Systems and methods for hyperspectral imaging
US20100013979A1 (en) * 2006-07-24 2010-01-21 Hyspec Imaging Ltd Snapshot spectral imaging systems and methods
US20100069758A1 (en) * 2008-05-13 2010-03-18 Michael Barnes Systems and methods for hyperspectral medical imaging using real-time projection of spectral information
US20100217129A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2010-08-26 El-Deiry Wafik S Angiogenesis monitoring using in vivo hyperspectral radiometric imaging
US20100253941A1 (en) * 2009-04-07 2010-10-07 Applied Quantum Technologies, Inc. Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imager and Method Therefor
WO2011067003A1 (en) * 2009-10-21 2011-06-09 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Fast optical tomography
US20110285995A1 (en) * 2008-11-04 2011-11-24 William Marsh Rice University Image mapping spectrometers
CN102466518A (en) * 2010-11-15 2012-05-23 中国医药大学 Microscanning system and related method
US20120127351A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2012-05-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Multi-spectral imaging
WO2013009189A1 (en) 2011-07-08 2013-01-17 Norsk Elektro Optikk As Hyperspectral camera and method for acquiring hyperspectral data
EP2365304A3 (en) * 2010-03-11 2013-07-24 Ricoh Company Ltd. Spectroscopic characteristics acquisition unit, image evaluation unit, and image forming apparatus
US20130342683A1 (en) * 2010-10-06 2013-12-26 Chemimage Corporation System and Method for Detecting Environmental Conditions Using Hyperspectral Imaging
TWI425203B (en) * 2008-09-03 2014-02-01 Univ Nat Central Apparatus for scanning hyper-spectral image and method thereof
US20140055784A1 (en) * 2012-08-23 2014-02-27 Logos Technologies, Llc Camera system for capturing two-dimensional spatial information and hyper-spectral information
CN103743482A (en) * 2013-11-22 2014-04-23 中国科学院光电研究院 Spectrum imaging apparatus and spectrum imaging inversion method
US20140152772A1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2014-06-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Methods to combine radiation-based temperature sensor and inertial sensor and/or camera output in a handheld/mobile device
US20150153156A1 (en) * 2013-12-03 2015-06-04 Mvm Electronics, Inc. High spatial and spectral resolution snapshot imaging spectrometers using oblique dispersion
US9545458B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2017-01-17 Willam Marsh Rice University Waste remediation
WO2017052744A3 (en) * 2015-09-23 2017-05-04 Raytheon Company Method and apparatus for high sensitivity particulate detection in infrared detector assemblies
US9739473B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2017-08-22 William Marsh Rice University Electricity generation using electromagnetic radiation
US9863662B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2018-01-09 William Marsh Rice University Generating a heated fluid using an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing complex
CN107655571A (en) * 2017-09-19 2018-02-02 南京大学 A kind of spectrum imaging system obscured based on dispersion and its spectrum reconstruction method
US10004464B2 (en) 2013-01-31 2018-06-26 Duke University System for improved compressive tomography and method therefor
US20180191946A1 (en) * 2012-05-23 2018-07-05 Solid State Scientific Corporation Spectral, polar and spectral-polar imagers for use in space situational awareness
US20180292262A1 (en) * 2017-04-06 2018-10-11 The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Laser speckle reduction and photo-thermal speckle spectroscopy
US10107768B2 (en) 2013-08-13 2018-10-23 Duke University Volumetric-molecular-imaging system and method therefor
US10254164B2 (en) 2015-04-16 2019-04-09 Nanommics, Inc. Compact mapping spectrometer
EP3671147A1 (en) * 2018-12-21 2020-06-24 IMEC vzw Apparatus for depth-resolved hyperspectral imgaging
WO2021132630A1 (en) * 2019-12-27 2021-07-01 富士フイルム株式会社 Hyper-spectral sensor and hyper-spectral camera
US11099077B1 (en) * 2019-06-04 2021-08-24 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Background subtracted spectrometer for airborne infrared radiometry
US11193824B2 (en) * 2017-09-14 2021-12-07 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Compact spectrometer devices, methods, and applications
EP4016016A1 (en) * 2020-12-17 2022-06-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optical system and plane spectroscopic device

Families Citing this family (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8922783B2 (en) 2007-04-27 2014-12-30 Bodkin Design And Engineering Llc Multiband spatial heterodyne spectrometer and associated methods
US8154732B2 (en) * 2007-04-27 2012-04-10 Bodkin Design And Engineering, Llc Multiband spatial heterodyne spectrometer and associated methods
JP5440110B2 (en) * 2009-03-30 2014-03-12 株式会社リコー Spectral characteristic acquisition apparatus, spectral characteristic acquisition method, image evaluation apparatus, and image forming apparatus
US9041822B2 (en) 2011-02-11 2015-05-26 Canadian Space Agency Method and system of increasing spatial resolution of multi-dimensional optical imagery using sensor's intrinsic keystone
US8559017B2 (en) * 2011-09-02 2013-10-15 General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, Inc. Method for aligning a plurality of sub-apertures of a multiple-aperture imaging system
US9218690B2 (en) * 2012-08-29 2015-12-22 Ge Aviation Systems, Llc Method for simulating hyperspectral imagery
US9405008B2 (en) 2013-05-17 2016-08-02 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Methods and apparatus for multi-frequency camera
CN107205624B (en) 2014-10-29 2019-08-06 光谱Md公司 Reflective multispectral time discrimination optics imaging method and equipment for tissue typing
US10551560B1 (en) 2014-10-30 2020-02-04 Tomasz S. Tkaczyk Arrays of tapered light-guides for snapshot spectral imaging
US10048192B2 (en) 2014-12-18 2018-08-14 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Obtaining spectral information from moving objects
US10302494B2 (en) 2014-12-18 2019-05-28 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Obtaining spectral information from a moving object
JP2018514748A (en) 2015-02-06 2018-06-07 ザ ユニバーシティ オブ アクロンThe University of Akron Optical imaging system and method
KR20160144006A (en) 2015-06-07 2016-12-15 김택 Portable hyper-spectral camera apparatus having semiconductor light emitting devices
US10482361B2 (en) 2015-07-05 2019-11-19 Thewhollysee Ltd. Optical identification and characterization system and tags
WO2017112634A1 (en) 2015-12-21 2017-06-29 Verily Life Sciences Llc Spectrally and spatially multiplexed fluorescent probes for in situ cell labeling
JP6810167B2 (en) 2016-05-27 2021-01-06 ヴェリリー ライフ サイエンシズ エルエルシー Systems and methods for 4D hyperspectral imaging
CN106769898B (en) * 2016-12-29 2024-01-26 同方威视技术股份有限公司 Multi-resolution spectrometer
WO2018160963A1 (en) 2017-03-02 2018-09-07 Spectral Md, Inc. Machine learning systems and techniques for multispectral amputation site analysis
US10499020B1 (en) 2017-08-17 2019-12-03 Verily Life Sciences Llc Lenslet based snapshot hyperspectral camera
US10760972B1 (en) * 2017-12-07 2020-09-01 National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc Modular low cost trackerless spectral sensor
US10783632B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2020-09-22 Spectral Md, Inc. Machine learning systems and method for assessment, healing prediction, and treatment of wounds
CN113260835A (en) 2018-12-14 2021-08-13 光谱Md公司 System and method for high precision multi-aperture spectral imaging
US10740884B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2020-08-11 Spectral Md, Inc. System and method for high precision multi-aperture spectral imaging
CN112461365B (en) * 2020-11-20 2021-09-07 苏州大学 Curved slit imaging spectrometer
KR20220100365A (en) * 2021-01-08 2022-07-15 한국전자통신연구원 Hyperspectral imaging system using neural network
US11781914B2 (en) 2021-03-04 2023-10-10 Sivananthan Laboratories, Inc. Computational radiation tolerance for high quality infrared focal plane arrays

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4175844A (en) * 1975-10-19 1979-11-27 Yeda Research & Development Co. Ltd. Optical imaging system
US20030202177A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-10-30 Yakov Reznichenko System and apparatus for testing a micromachined optical device
US20040119020A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-06-24 Andrew Bodkin Multi-mode optical imager

Family Cites Families (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3698812A (en) 1969-08-11 1972-10-17 Hughes Aircraft Co Multi-function telescope
US4193691A (en) 1977-05-02 1980-03-18 Rca Corporation Spectrometer
US4561775A (en) 1983-03-07 1985-12-31 Texas Instruments Incorporated Thermally integrated laser/FLIR rangefinder
DE3582717D1 (en) 1984-05-24 1991-06-06 Commw Of Australia FOCUS AREA SCREEN DEVICE.
GB8525108D0 (en) 1984-08-27 2013-10-16 Texas Instruments Inc Single aperture thermal imager/laser rangefinder
US4754139A (en) 1986-04-10 1988-06-28 Aerojet-General Corporation Uncooled high resolution infrared imaging plane
US5191469A (en) 1988-03-17 1993-03-02 Margolis H Jay Afocal variation focusing system for mirrored optical systems
KR0164865B1 (en) 1989-12-26 1999-03-30 알프레드 피. 로렌조우 Flash illumination system and method incorporating indirect reflecting surface detection
US5168528A (en) 1990-08-20 1992-12-01 Itt Corporation Differential electronic imaging system
GB2248964A (en) 1990-10-17 1992-04-22 Philips Electronic Associated Plural-wavelength infrared detector devices
EP0677955B1 (en) 1994-04-12 2003-01-02 Raytheon Company Low cost night vision camera
US5583340A (en) 1995-06-08 1996-12-10 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Coupling apparatus for multimode infrared detectors
US5878356A (en) 1995-06-14 1999-03-02 Agrometrics, Inc. Aircraft based infrared mapping system for earth based resources
FR2735574B1 (en) 1995-06-15 1997-07-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique BOLOMETRIC DETECTION DEVICE FOR MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVES AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
IL124691A (en) 1995-12-04 2001-06-14 Lockheed Martin Ir Imaging Sys Infrared radiation detector having a reduced active area
US5841574A (en) 1996-06-28 1998-11-24 Recon/Optical, Inc. Multi-special decentered catadioptric optical system
US5877500A (en) 1997-03-13 1999-03-02 Optiscan Biomedical Corporation Multichannel infrared detector with optical concentrators for each channel
US5963749A (en) 1998-02-09 1999-10-05 Nicholson; Lynn Self-leveling invertible camera stabilizer
US6122051A (en) * 1998-06-04 2000-09-19 Raytheon Company Multi-slit spectrometer
US6521892B2 (en) 1998-10-09 2003-02-18 Thomson-Csf Optronics Canada Inc. Uncooled driver viewer enhancement system
US6178346B1 (en) 1998-10-23 2001-01-23 David C. Amundson Infrared endoscopic imaging in a liquid with suspended particles: method and apparatus
US6795241B1 (en) * 1998-12-10 2004-09-21 Zebra Imaging, Inc. Dynamic scalable full-parallax three-dimensional electronic display
US6756594B2 (en) 2000-01-28 2004-06-29 California Institute Of Technology Micromachined tuned-band hot bolometer emitter
US7227116B2 (en) * 2000-04-26 2007-06-05 Arete Associates Very fast time resolved imaging in multiparameter measurement space
US6781127B1 (en) 2000-06-08 2004-08-24 Equinox Corporation Common aperture fused reflective/thermal emitted sensor and system
US6665116B1 (en) 2000-07-10 2003-12-16 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Achromatic lens for millimeter-wave and infrared bands
US6444984B1 (en) 2000-08-11 2002-09-03 Drs Sensors & Targeting Systems, Inc. Solid cryogenic optical filter
US6608680B2 (en) 2000-08-25 2003-08-19 Amnis Corporation TDI imaging system for kinetic studies
US6552321B1 (en) * 2000-09-01 2003-04-22 Raytheon Company Adaptive spectral imaging device and method
US6781691B2 (en) 2001-02-02 2004-08-24 Tidal Photonics, Inc. Apparatus and methods relating to wavelength conditioning of illumination
US20020180866A1 (en) 2001-05-29 2002-12-05 Monroe David A. Modular sensor array
US6608931B2 (en) * 2001-07-11 2003-08-19 Science Applications International Corporation Method for selecting representative endmember components from spectral data
WO2003047245A1 (en) 2001-11-30 2003-06-05 Dvc International Limited Recyclable digital camera
US20030174238A1 (en) 2002-03-12 2003-09-18 Wu Vic Chi-Shi Hot-swappable camera head system and method
US6998598B2 (en) 2002-08-02 2006-02-14 Sandia National Labroatories Modular optical detector system
US6813018B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2004-11-02 The Boeing Company Hyperspectral imager
GB0308304D0 (en) 2003-04-10 2003-05-14 Hewlett Packard Development Co Improvements to digital cameras
US7294820B2 (en) 2003-05-30 2007-11-13 Insight Technology, Inc. Night vision system including field replaceable image intensifier tube
US7242478B1 (en) 2003-12-05 2007-07-10 Surface Optics Corporation Spatially corrected full-cubed hyperspectral imager
USPP16068P2 (en) * 2004-04-02 2005-10-25 Gary Neil Zaiger Peach tree ‘Sweet Henry’
US7456957B2 (en) 2005-08-03 2008-11-25 Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc. Littrow spectrometer and a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system with a Littrow spectrometer

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4175844A (en) * 1975-10-19 1979-11-27 Yeda Research & Development Co. Ltd. Optical imaging system
US20040119020A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-06-24 Andrew Bodkin Multi-mode optical imager
US20030202177A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-10-30 Yakov Reznichenko System and apparatus for testing a micromachined optical device

Cited By (57)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8081244B2 (en) 2006-07-24 2011-12-20 Michael Golub Snapshot spectral imaging systems and methods
US20100013979A1 (en) * 2006-07-24 2010-01-21 Hyspec Imaging Ltd Snapshot spectral imaging systems and methods
WO2008103918A1 (en) * 2007-02-22 2008-08-28 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Hyperspectral imaging spectrometer for early detection of skin cancer
US20100063402A1 (en) * 2007-02-22 2010-03-11 Sheinis Andrew I Imaging spectrometer for early detection of skin cancer
US8315692B2 (en) 2007-02-22 2012-11-20 Sheinis Andrew I Multi-spectral imaging spectrometer for early detection of skin cancer
US20080203314A1 (en) * 2007-02-27 2008-08-28 Harrison Dale A Prism spectrometer
US20080204711A1 (en) * 2007-02-27 2008-08-28 Harrison Dale A Spectrometer with moveable detector element
US20080204710A1 (en) * 2007-02-27 2008-08-28 Harrison Dale A Spectrometer with collimated input light
US7485869B2 (en) * 2007-02-27 2009-02-03 Metrosol, Inc. Prism spectrometer
US7579601B2 (en) * 2007-02-27 2009-08-25 Metrosol, Inc. Spectrometer with moveable detector element
US7684037B2 (en) 2007-02-27 2010-03-23 Metrosol, Inc. Spectrometer with collimated input light
US20100217129A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2010-08-26 El-Deiry Wafik S Angiogenesis monitoring using in vivo hyperspectral radiometric imaging
US7973928B2 (en) * 2007-04-06 2011-07-05 Nikon Corporation Spectroscopic instrument, image producing device, spectroscopic method, and image producing method
US20080291445A1 (en) * 2007-04-06 2008-11-27 Nikon Corporation Spectroscopic instrument, image producing device, spectroscopic method, and image producing method
US9883833B2 (en) * 2008-05-13 2018-02-06 Spectral Image, Inc. Systems and methods for hyperspectral medical imaging using real-time projection of spectral information
US20100069758A1 (en) * 2008-05-13 2010-03-18 Michael Barnes Systems and methods for hyperspectral medical imaging using real-time projection of spectral information
US11013456B2 (en) 2008-05-13 2021-05-25 Spectral Image, Inc. Systems and methods for hyperspectral medical imaging using real-time projection of spectral information
US9117133B2 (en) 2008-06-18 2015-08-25 Spectral Image, Inc. Systems and methods for hyperspectral imaging
US20090326383A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-31 Michael Barnes Systems and methods for hyperspectral imaging
US10560643B2 (en) 2008-06-18 2020-02-11 Spectral Image, Inc. Systems and methods for hyperspectral imaging
TWI425203B (en) * 2008-09-03 2014-02-01 Univ Nat Central Apparatus for scanning hyper-spectral image and method thereof
US8654328B2 (en) * 2008-11-04 2014-02-18 William Marsh Rice University Image mapping spectrometers
US20110285995A1 (en) * 2008-11-04 2011-11-24 William Marsh Rice University Image mapping spectrometers
US8149400B2 (en) 2009-04-07 2012-04-03 Duke University Coded aperture snapshot spectral imager and method therefor
US20100253941A1 (en) * 2009-04-07 2010-10-07 Applied Quantum Technologies, Inc. Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imager and Method Therefor
US8553222B2 (en) 2009-04-07 2013-10-08 Duke University Coded aperture snapshot spectral imager and method therefor
US20120127351A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2012-05-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Multi-spectral imaging
US9420241B2 (en) * 2009-08-11 2016-08-16 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Multi-spectral imaging
WO2011067003A1 (en) * 2009-10-21 2011-06-09 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Fast optical tomography
US9739473B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2017-08-22 William Marsh Rice University Electricity generation using electromagnetic radiation
EP2365304A3 (en) * 2010-03-11 2013-07-24 Ricoh Company Ltd. Spectroscopic characteristics acquisition unit, image evaluation unit, and image forming apparatus
US20130342683A1 (en) * 2010-10-06 2013-12-26 Chemimage Corporation System and Method for Detecting Environmental Conditions Using Hyperspectral Imaging
CN102466518A (en) * 2010-11-15 2012-05-23 中国医药大学 Microscanning system and related method
US9545458B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2017-01-17 Willam Marsh Rice University Waste remediation
US9863662B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2018-01-09 William Marsh Rice University Generating a heated fluid using an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing complex
WO2013009189A1 (en) 2011-07-08 2013-01-17 Norsk Elektro Optikk As Hyperspectral camera and method for acquiring hyperspectral data
NO337687B1 (en) * 2011-07-08 2016-06-06 Norsk Elektro Optikk As Hyperspectral camera and method of recording hyperspectral data
US9538098B2 (en) 2011-07-08 2017-01-03 Norske Elektro Optikk AS Hyperspectral camera and method for acquiring hyperspectral data
US20180191946A1 (en) * 2012-05-23 2018-07-05 Solid State Scientific Corporation Spectral, polar and spectral-polar imagers for use in space situational awareness
US10674067B2 (en) * 2012-05-23 2020-06-02 Solid State Scientific Corporation Spectral, polar and spectral-polar imagers for use in space situational awareness
US20140055784A1 (en) * 2012-08-23 2014-02-27 Logos Technologies, Llc Camera system for capturing two-dimensional spatial information and hyper-spectral information
US20140152772A1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2014-06-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Methods to combine radiation-based temperature sensor and inertial sensor and/or camera output in a handheld/mobile device
US10298858B2 (en) * 2012-11-30 2019-05-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Methods to combine radiation-based temperature sensor and inertial sensor and/or camera output in a handheld/mobile device
US10004464B2 (en) 2013-01-31 2018-06-26 Duke University System for improved compressive tomography and method therefor
US10107768B2 (en) 2013-08-13 2018-10-23 Duke University Volumetric-molecular-imaging system and method therefor
CN103743482A (en) * 2013-11-22 2014-04-23 中国科学院光电研究院 Spectrum imaging apparatus and spectrum imaging inversion method
US20150153156A1 (en) * 2013-12-03 2015-06-04 Mvm Electronics, Inc. High spatial and spectral resolution snapshot imaging spectrometers using oblique dispersion
US10254164B2 (en) 2015-04-16 2019-04-09 Nanommics, Inc. Compact mapping spectrometer
WO2017052744A3 (en) * 2015-09-23 2017-05-04 Raytheon Company Method and apparatus for high sensitivity particulate detection in infrared detector assemblies
US20180292262A1 (en) * 2017-04-06 2018-10-11 The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Laser speckle reduction and photo-thermal speckle spectroscopy
US11193824B2 (en) * 2017-09-14 2021-12-07 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Compact spectrometer devices, methods, and applications
CN107655571A (en) * 2017-09-19 2018-02-02 南京大学 A kind of spectrum imaging system obscured based on dispersion and its spectrum reconstruction method
EP3671147A1 (en) * 2018-12-21 2020-06-24 IMEC vzw Apparatus for depth-resolved hyperspectral imgaging
US11099077B1 (en) * 2019-06-04 2021-08-24 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Background subtracted spectrometer for airborne infrared radiometry
WO2021132630A1 (en) * 2019-12-27 2021-07-01 富士フイルム株式会社 Hyper-spectral sensor and hyper-spectral camera
EP4016016A1 (en) * 2020-12-17 2022-06-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optical system and plane spectroscopic device
US11880025B2 (en) 2020-12-17 2024-01-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optical system and plane spectroscopic device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080088840A1 (en) 2008-04-17
US8233148B2 (en) 2012-07-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8233148B2 (en) Hyperspectral imaging systems
US8174694B2 (en) Hyperspectral imaging systems
EP1356334B1 (en) Hyperspectral thermal imaging camera with telecentric optical system
US7808635B2 (en) Wide swath imaging spectrometer utilizing a multi-modular design
US4984888A (en) Two-dimensional spectrometer
US5260767A (en) Compact all-reflective imaging spectrometer
US8339600B2 (en) Dual waveband compact catadioptric imaging spectrometer
US8154732B2 (en) Multiband spatial heterodyne spectrometer and associated methods
US7041979B2 (en) Compact reflective imaging spectrometer utilizing immersed gratings
EP1991903B1 (en) Optically multiplexed imaging systems and methods of operation
US7199876B2 (en) Compact hyperspectral imager
US8823932B2 (en) Multi field of view hyperspectral imaging device and method for using same
US4729658A (en) Very wide spectral coverage grating spectrometer
US6922240B2 (en) Compact refractive imaging spectrometer utilizing immersed gratings
US6977727B2 (en) Compact imaging spectrometer utilizing immersed gratings
US6747738B2 (en) Optical system with variable dispersion
US10429241B2 (en) Enhanced co-registered optical systems
US10634559B2 (en) Spectrally-scanned hyperspectral electro-optical sensor for instantaneous situational awareness
US20080024871A1 (en) Optically multiplexed imaging systems and methods of operation
US10578488B1 (en) Compact light dispersion system
Hinnrichs Simultaneous multispectral framing infrared camera using an embedded diffractive optical lenslet array
Norton et al. Infrared (3 to 12 um) narrowband and hyperspectral imaging review
CN115290187A (en) Staring type on-board spectral imaging system
Lerner et al. Compact Refractive Imaging Spectrometer Designs Utilizing Immersed Gratings

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: BODKIN DESIGN AND ENGINEERING LLC, MASSACHUSETTS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BODKIN, ANDREW;SHEINIS, ANDREW;NORTON, ADAM;REEL/FRAME:017390/0229;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040901 TO 20040903

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION