EP0126955B1 - Open-air ground surveillance apparatus - Google Patents

Open-air ground surveillance apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0126955B1
EP0126955B1 EP84104425A EP84104425A EP0126955B1 EP 0126955 B1 EP0126955 B1 EP 0126955B1 EP 84104425 A EP84104425 A EP 84104425A EP 84104425 A EP84104425 A EP 84104425A EP 0126955 B1 EP0126955 B1 EP 0126955B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
open
strip
surveillance apparatus
ground
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP84104425A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0126955A1 (en
Inventor
Reinhard Dipl.-Ing. Herrmann
Hans Dipl.-Ing. Kaiser
Hartmut Dipl.-Ing. Schulz
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Kraftwerk Union AG
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Kraftwerk Union AG
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Publication of EP0126955A1 publication Critical patent/EP0126955A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19602—Image analysis to detect motion of the intruder, e.g. by frame subtraction
    • G08B13/1961—Movement detection not involving frame subtraction, e.g. motion detection on the basis of luminance changes in the image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19617—Surveillance camera constructional details
    • G08B13/19632—Camera support structures, e.g. attachment means, poles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19639—Details of the system layout
    • G08B13/19641—Multiple cameras having overlapping views on a single scene

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an open-air surveillance system with a terrain strip to be monitored and with masts set up along the terrain strip for mounting lighting fixtures and television cameras, which are connected to an image evaluation device.
  • Outdoor areas with facilities to be protected are generally fenced and are checked from time to time.
  • it is known to illuminate a strip of land surrounding the open-air site to be monitored, generally the strip of land immediately adjacent to the fence, and to monitor it by means of television cameras installed on masts.
  • the television channels of the many television cameras must then be checked. This can lead to the fact that the crossing of the terrain strip to be monitored is overlooked because the surveillance personnel are watching another television monitor.
  • the continuous observation of a large number of television monitors with constantly similar image information is tiring and leads to poor concentration.
  • This image evaluation system detects deviations from recorded image contents compared to pre-stored image contents. In the event of deviations between the stored and the recorded image content, this image evaluation system is capable of automatically triggering a function.
  • DE-A-2 439 102 describes a method for storing images taken and digitized with a television camera, in which the coordinates of the brightness or color changes and the lengths measured in the direction of the television lines are stored until the next brightness or color change .
  • a method for storing images taken and digitized with a television camera in which the coordinates of the brightness or color changes and the lengths measured in the direction of the television lines are stored until the next brightness or color change .
  • only the relevant pixels in which brightness or color changes of the stored target image manifest themselves need to be compared with those of the actual image to be examined for image evaluation. Setpoint and actual value differences can then lead to an automatic signal triggering.
  • DE-A-2 949 580 discloses how images recorded by a television camera can be processed so that it can be examined in a simplified manner whether predetermined structures are contained in the recorded image. To do this, the image is divided into grid sections. In the individual raster sections, the individual signal jumps are counted and transferred to a signal jump memory, the cells of which are each assigned to a raster step. The pixels within the raster sections at which the signal jumps occur are determined by means of a pixel counter, which adds up pulses of constant clock frequency during the scanning of each raster section. Its status is transferred to a pixel memory when a signal jump occurs.
  • An evaluation device calls up the values contained in the signal jump memory in the order in which they were stored, adds up the received values and, if the received value lies in a range of values predetermined on the basis of the structure to be determined, the number formed by adding up the received values to the address input of the pixel memory and evaluates the contents of the pixel memory cells called up in this way.
  • a division of the video image of a terrain strip to be monitored into a number of cells approximately adapted to the size of a man is known from US Pat. No. 4,249,207. Changes in the values of the cells are detected. Changes in, for example, three neighboring cells in a certain direction then indicate a moving object. With such a system, the type of the moving object cannot be recognized. When used in the open air, for example, the moving shadow of a cloud would trigger a false alarm.
  • the object of the present invention is to point out a way in which processes relevant to the monitoring can be automatically detected and displayed in the terrain strip to be monitored.
  • irrelevant processes for monitoring such as the sudden covering of the sun by clouds, climatic changes, e.g. Snow or rain, as well as other natural events, such as falling leaves in autumn, are displayed or trigger a false alarm.
  • the terrain strip according to the invention therefore consists of at least three control strips aligned parallel to one another, each of which has a different gray value, and the lighting fixtures and television cameras assigned to the same area strip area are arranged several meters above the control strip.
  • crossing with a body of any gray value in at least one control strip leads to a change in the gray value.
  • this also creates the prerequisite for gray value changes that are caused by the climate or are generated by other natural events, to be distinguished from such gray value changes that arise when crossing the strip of land.
  • the detection sensitivity can be increased considerably if, in a particularly advantageous development of the invention, the lighting fixtures assigned to a certain terrain strip area on the one hand and the television cameras assigned to the same terrain strip area on the other hand form an opening angle of more than 10 ° with one another as seen from this terrain strip area.
  • the television cameras not only detect the gray value of the penetrating object that deviates from a control strip, but also the shadow of this object on the individual control strips in the dark.
  • the figure shows a section of an inventive, automatically monitored area strip surrounding an outdoor area to be protected.
  • an outdoor area 1 to be monitored can be seen on the left-hand side. This is delimited by a guarded area strip 2 fenced on both sides with respect to an unsecured area 3 located to the right of the area strip.
  • the area strip 2 surrounding the outdoor area to be monitored is secured on the side adjacent to the outdoor area with a wire fence 4 which is as tall as a man and secured against climbing.
  • the area strip 2 is only secured with a game protection fence 5.
  • masts 6, 7, 8 are set up which carry lighting fixtures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and television cameras 15, 16, 17 aligned on the terrain strip 2.
  • the television cameras are aligned with a part of the terrain strip 2 located to the side of the respective mast.
  • Her cone forms an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the strip of land. This allows a larger area to be monitored with fewer television cameras.
  • the two lighting elements of each mast illuminate the area of the strip of land located below and to the side of the mast.
  • the mutual distance between the individual masts is designed such that the areas 18, 19, 20 of the terrain strip 2 monitored by the individual television cameras 15, 16, 17 overlap over their entire width.
  • control strips 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 are applied to the strip of land, which extend parallel to one another along the strip of land 2.
  • the control strips are on both sides towards the respective fence 4, 5 of another narrow, with low planting, such as Grass covered strips of terrain 26, 27 edged.
  • the individual control strips 21 to 25 in the illustration of the figure are constructed from left to right as follows:
  • the first control strip 21 facing the fenced open area 1 is about 0.8 m wide and covered with river gravel.
  • a control strip 22, 0.6 m wide which is covered with quartz gravel.
  • another 1.0 m wide control strip 23 which in turn is covered with river gravel.
  • Two 0.3 m high walls 28, 29 are erected along the 0.45 m wide control strip 24 adjoining this.
  • the wildlife protection fence 5 on the outside of the terrain strip 2 and the higher wire fence 4 on the side of the terrain strip 2 facing the outdoor area 1 to be monitored prevents larger animals, such as deer, dogs and rabbits, from entering the terrain strip 2 to be monitored.
  • the control strips 21 to 25 are designed in such a way that there are significant gray value changes between adjacent control strips in any weather. In dry and even more in wet weather, the light quartz gravel with its gray value stands out strongly from the two neighboring dark river gravel strips. If there is a closed layer of snow in winter and covers the various gravel strips, the side flanks of the two walls 28, 29 remain free of snow. Even if there should be snow on its upper edge, this snow cap, from the viewing direction of the television recording cameras 15, 16, 17 from diagonally above, contrasts with the gray of the side flanks of these walls.
  • gray value in the covered area initially changes only in a certain direction. It becomes either lighter or darker without changing the gray value of the adjacent control strip which has not yet been entered.
  • the lighter control strip in the covered area generally becomes darker and the darker control strip in the covered area becomes lighter. This is always the case when the gray value of the covering object lies between the gray values of the two adjacent control strips. If the gray value of the covering object reaches the gray value of one of the two control strips, the gray value of the other control strip will nevertheless change compared to the unchanged gray value of the first control strip.
  • false alarms such as e.g.
  • gray value per grid is compared with the previously saved gray value of this grid.
  • Gray value changes i.e. Differences between the stored gray value signal and the new gray value signal are forwarded as a signal and compared with the change in gray value of the neighboring grid.
  • a circuit logic now ensures that only opposite gray value changes in adjacent grid fields lead to a trigger signal, while the signals in the same direction change gray value blocks each other. In this way, processes which result in a change in the same direction of the gray value of adjacent grid fields - which can be assigned to adjacent control strips - such as, for example, Changes in lighting can be suppressed.
  • False alarms such as those caused by very small objects, e.g. falling leaves or small animals such as Mice that can be triggered can be avoided if the image evaluation device sums up the trigger signals from several immediately adjacent raster fields resulting from gray value changes, insofar as a gray value change signal is generated in them, and routes the summed signal via a discriminator. If necessary, its threshold can be set so high that small covers, such as those caused by a mouse or a leaf, with their summed signal values are still below the threshold that is necessary for the actual signal triggering. Larger objects, such as a dog or a person, result in such a summation of the trigger signals that a signal is triggered.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Freigeländeüberwachungsanlage mit einem zu überwachenden Geländestreifen und mit längs des Geländestreifens aufgestellten Masten für die Halterung von Beleuchtungskörpern und von Fernsehkameras, die an eine Bildauswerteeinrichtung angeschlossen sind.The invention relates to an open-air surveillance system with a terrain strip to be monitored and with masts set up along the terrain strip for mounting lighting fixtures and television cameras, which are connected to an image evaluation device.

Freigelände mit zu schützenden Einrichtungen sind im allgemeinen umzäunt und werden von Zeit zu Zeit kontrolliert. Zur Verringerung des für die Überwachung erforderlichen Personalaufwandes ist es bekannt, einen das zu überwachende Freigelände umschliessenden Geländestreifen, im allgemeinen den am Zaun unmittelbar angrenzenden Geländestreifen, zu beleuchten und mittels an Masten installierten Fernsehkameras zu überwachen. Bei langen zu überwachenden Geländestreifen sind dann aber die Fernsehbiier der vielen Fernsehkameras zu kontrollieren. Das kann dann dazu führen, dass das Durchqueren des zu überwachenden Geländestreifens übersehen wird, weil das Überwachungspersonal gerade einen anderen Fernsehmonitor beobachtet. Darüber hinaus ist die fortlaufende Beobachtung einer Vielzahl von Fernsehmonitoren mit stets gleichartiger Bildinformation ermüdend und führt zu Konzentrationsschwäche.Outdoor areas with facilities to be protected are generally fenced and are checked from time to time. To reduce the manpower required for monitoring, it is known to illuminate a strip of land surrounding the open-air site to be monitored, generally the strip of land immediately adjacent to the fence, and to monitor it by means of television cameras installed on masts. In the case of long terrain strips to be monitored, the television channels of the many television cameras must then be checked. This can lead to the fact that the crossing of the terrain strip to be monitored is overlooked because the surveillance personnel are watching another television monitor. In addition, the continuous observation of a large number of television monitors with constantly similar image information is tiring and leads to poor concentration.

Ein automatisches Bildauswertesystem, das speziell für die Überwachung von Fabrikationsprozessen entwickelt wurde, befindet sich bereits auf dem Markt.An automatic image evaluation system, which was specially developed for monitoring manufacturing processes, is already on the market.

Dieses Bildauswertesystem bemerkt Abweichungen von aufgenommenen Bildinhalten gegenüber vorgespeicherten Bildinhalten. Bei Abweichungen zwischen dem gespeicherten und dem aufgenommenen Bildinhalt ist dieses Bildauswertesystem im Stande selbsttätig eine Funktion auszulösen.This image evaluation system detects deviations from recorded image contents compared to pre-stored image contents. In the event of deviations between the stored and the recorded image content, this image evaluation system is capable of automatically triggering a function.

In der DE-A-2 439 102 ist ein Verfahren zum Speichern von mit einer Fernsehkamera aufgenommenen und digitalisierten Bildern beschrieben, bei denen die Koordinaten der Helligkeits- oder Farbänderungen und die in Richtung der Fernsehzeilen gemessenen Längen bis zur nächsten Helligkeits- oder Farbänderung gespeichert werden. Bei einem solchen Verfahren brauchen zur Bildauswertung nur die relevanten Bildpunkte, in denen sich Helligkeit- oder Farbänderungen des gespeicherten Sollbildes manifestieren mit jenen des zu untersuchenden Istbildes verglichen zu werden. Soll- und Istwertdifferenzen können dann zu einer selbsttätigen Signalauslösung führen.DE-A-2 439 102 describes a method for storing images taken and digitized with a television camera, in which the coordinates of the brightness or color changes and the lengths measured in the direction of the television lines are stored until the next brightness or color change . In such a method, only the relevant pixels in which brightness or color changes of the stored target image manifest themselves need to be compared with those of the actual image to be examined for image evaluation. Setpoint and actual value differences can then lead to an automatic signal triggering.

In der DE-A-2 949 580 ist offenbart, wie von einer Fernsehkamera aufgenommene Bilder aufbereitet werden können, damit in vereinfachter Weise untersucht werden kann, ob in dem aufgenommen Bild vorgegebene Strukturen enthalten sind. Hierzu wird das Bild in Rasterabschnitte unterteilt. In den einzelnen Rasterabschnitten werden die einzelnen Signalsprünge gezählt und in einen Signalsprungspeicher übernommen, dessen Zellen je einem Rasterschritt zugeordnet sind. Die Bildpunkte innerhalb der Rasterabschnitte, an denen die Signalsprünge auftreten, werden mittels eines Bildpunktzählers bestimmt, der Impulse konstanter Taktfrequenz während der Abtastung eines jeden Rasterabschnittes aufsummiert. Dessen Stand wird bei Auftreten eines Signalsprunges in einen Bildpunktspeicher übernommen. Eine Auswerteeinrichtung ruft die im Signalsprungspeicher enthaltenen Werte in der Reihenfolge des Einspeicherns ab, summiert die empfangenen Werte auf und gibt, wenn der empfangene Wert in einem aufgrund der festzustellenden Struktur vorgegebenen Wertebereich liegt, die durch Aufsummieren der empfangenen Werte gebildete Zahl auf den Adresseingang des Bildpunktspeichers und wertet die Inhalte der so aufgerufenen Bildpunktspeicherzellen aus.DE-A-2 949 580 discloses how images recorded by a television camera can be processed so that it can be examined in a simplified manner whether predetermined structures are contained in the recorded image. To do this, the image is divided into grid sections. In the individual raster sections, the individual signal jumps are counted and transferred to a signal jump memory, the cells of which are each assigned to a raster step. The pixels within the raster sections at which the signal jumps occur are determined by means of a pixel counter, which adds up pulses of constant clock frequency during the scanning of each raster section. Its status is transferred to a pixel memory when a signal jump occurs. An evaluation device calls up the values contained in the signal jump memory in the order in which they were stored, adds up the received values and, if the received value lies in a range of values predetermined on the basis of the structure to be determined, the number formed by adding up the received values to the address input of the pixel memory and evaluates the contents of the pixel memory cells called up in this way.

Eine Aufteilung des Videobildes eines zu überwachenden Geländestreifens in mehrere in etwa der Grösse eines Mannes angepasste Zellen ist aus der US-PS 4 249 207 bekannt. Veränderungen in den Werten der Zellen werden detektiert. Veränderungen in beispielsweise drei benachbarten Zellen in einer bestimmten Richtung weisen dann auf ein bewegtes Objekt hin. Mit einem derartigen System ist die Art des bewegten Objektes nicht erkennbar. Bei einem Einsatz im Freigelände würde beispielsweise schon der wandernde Schatten einer Wolke einen Fehlalarm auslösen.A division of the video image of a terrain strip to be monitored into a number of cells approximately adapted to the size of a man is known from US Pat. No. 4,249,207. Changes in the values of the cells are detected. Changes in, for example, three neighboring cells in a certain direction then indicate a moving object. With such a system, the type of the moving object cannot be recognized. When used in the open air, for example, the moving shadow of a cloud would trigger a false alarm.

Im Dokument «BBC-Nachrichten, Band 64, Nr. 3/4 1982, Objektschutz zur Lösung von Sicherheitsproblemen» ist eine Freigeländeüberwachungsanlage nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1 beschrieben, mit mehreren Sensoren, beispielsweise Fernsehkameras, die an einen Zentralrechner angeschlossen sind. Dort werden alle einlaufenden Informationen zusammengefasst und ausgewertet. Dadurch wird die gesamte Länge eines Geländestreifens gleichzeitig erfasst. Mit einer derartigen Anlage sind vor dem Hintergrund eines Geländestreifens manche Objekte abhängig von ihren Reflektionseigenschaften nicht oder nur schwer zu erkennen. Andererseits verursachen Schatten oder Lichtreflexe Fehlinformationen der Sensoren.In the document “BBC-Nachrichten, volume 64, No. 3/4 1982, property protection for solving security problems”, an open-air surveillance system according to the preamble of claim 1 is described, with several sensors, for example television cameras, which are connected to a central computer. All incoming information is summarized and evaluated there. As a result, the entire length of a strip of land is recorded simultaneously. With such a system, some objects are difficult or impossible to recognize, depending on their reflective properties, against the background of a strip of land. On the other hand, shadows or light reflections cause misinformation from the sensors.

Hiervon ausgehend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Weg zu weisen, wie für die Überwachung relevante Vorgänge in dem zu überwachenden Geländestreifen automatisch erfasst und zur Anzeige gebracht werden können. Dabei soll gleichzeitig vermieden werden, dass für die Überwachung irrelevante Vorgänge, wie die plötzliche Abdeckung der Sonne durch Wolken, klimatische Änderungen, wie z.B. Schneefall oder Regen, wie auch andere natürliche Ereignisse, wie etwa der Laubabfall im Herbst zur Anzeige gelangen oder Fehlalarm auslösen.Proceeding from this, the object of the present invention is to point out a way in which processes relevant to the monitoring can be automatically detected and displayed in the terrain strip to be monitored. At the same time, it should be avoided that irrelevant processes for monitoring, such as the sudden covering of the sun by clouds, climatic changes, e.g. Snow or rain, as well as other natural events, such as falling leaves in autumn, are displayed or trigger a false alarm.

Bei einer Freigeländeüberwachungsanlage der eingangs genannten Art besteht daher erfindungsgemäss der Geländestreifen aus mindestens drei parallel zueinander ausgerichteten Kontrollstreifen, von denen ein jeder einen unterschiedlichen Grauwert besitzt, und es sind die ein und demselben Geländestreifenbereich zugeordneten Beleuchtungskörper und Fernsehkameras mehrere Meter über dem Kontrollstreifen angeordnet. Bei einem solchen Geländestreifen führt die Durchquerung mit einem Körper beliebigen Grauwerts in mindestens einem Kontrollstreifen zu einer Grauwertänderung. Zugleich wird damit auch die Voraussetzung geschaffen, Grauwertänderungen, die klimatisch bedingt sind, oder durch andere natürliche Ereignisse erzeugt werden, von solchen Grauwertänderungen zu unterscheiden, die beim Überqueren des Geländestreifens entstehen.In an open-air surveillance system of the type mentioned at the outset, the terrain strip according to the invention therefore consists of at least three control strips aligned parallel to one another, each of which has a different gray value, and the lighting fixtures and television cameras assigned to the same area strip area are arranged several meters above the control strip. With such a strip of land, crossing with a body of any gray value in at least one control strip leads to a change in the gray value. At the same time, this also creates the prerequisite for gray value changes that are caused by the climate or are generated by other natural events, to be distinguished from such gray value changes that arise when crossing the strip of land.

Die Nachweisempfindlichkeit lässt sich beträchtlich steigern, wenn in besonders vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung, die einem bestimmten Geländestreifenbereich zugeordneten Beleuchtungskörper einerseits und die demselben Geländestreifenbereich zugeordneten Fernsehkameras andererseits von diesem Geländestreifenbereich aus gesehen einen Öffnungswinkel von mehr als 10° miteinander bilden. Hierdurch wird von den Fernsehkameras nicht nur der von einem Kontrollstreifen abweichende Grauwert des eindringenden Objektes, sondern bei Dunkelheit auch noch der Schatten dieses Objektes auf den einzelnen Kontrollstreifen erfassbar.The detection sensitivity can be increased considerably if, in a particularly advantageous development of the invention, the lighting fixtures assigned to a certain terrain strip area on the one hand and the television cameras assigned to the same terrain strip area on the other hand form an opening angle of more than 10 ° with one another as seen from this terrain strip area. As a result, the television cameras not only detect the gray value of the penetrating object that deviates from a control strip, but also the shadow of this object on the individual control strips in the dark.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden anhand eines in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert.Further details of the invention are explained with reference to an embodiment shown in the figure.

Die Figur zeigt einen Ausschnitt eines erfindungsgemässen, ein zu schützendes Freigelände umschliessenden, selbsttätig überwachten Geländestreifens.The figure shows a section of an inventive, automatically monitored area strip surrounding an outdoor area to be protected.

In der Darstellung der Figur ist auf der linken Seite ein zu überwachendes Freigelände 1 zu erkennen. Dieses wird durch einen beiderseits umzäunten, überwachten Geländestreifen 2 gegenüber einem rechts des Geländestreifens befindlichen, ungesicherten Gelände 3 abgegrenzt. Der das zu überwachende Freigelände umschliessende Geländestreifen 2 ist auf der an das Freigelände angrenzenden Seite mit einem übermannshohen, gegen Übersteigen gesicherten Drahtzaun 4 abgesichert. Auf der dem ungesicherten Gelände 3 zugewandten Seite ist der Geländestreifen 2 lediglich mit einem Wildschutzzaun 5 gesichert. Auf der dem zu überwachenden Freigelände 1 zugewandten Seite des Geländestreifens 2 sind Masten 6, 7, 8 aufgestellt, die auf dem Geländestreifen 2 ausgerichtete Beleuchtungskörper 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 und Fernsehkameras 15, 16, 17 tragen. Die Fernsehkameras sind auf einen seitlich des jeweiligen Mastes befindlichen Teil des Geländestreifens 2 ausgerichtet. Dabei bildet ihr Aufnahmekegel einen spitzen Winkel mit der Längsachse des Geländestreifens. Hierdurch lässt sich eine grössere Fläche mit weniger Fernsehkameras überwachen. Die beiden Beleuchtungskörper eines jeden Mastes beleuchten jeweils den unter und seitlich des Mastes befindlichen Bereich des Geländestreifens. Der gegenseitige Abstand der einzelnen Masten ist so ausgelegt, dass sich die von den einzelnen Fernsehkameras 15, 16, 17 überwachten Bereiche 18, 19, 20 des Geländestreifens 2 über dessen ganze Breite hinweg überlappen.In the illustration of the figure, an outdoor area 1 to be monitored can be seen on the left-hand side. This is delimited by a guarded area strip 2 fenced on both sides with respect to an unsecured area 3 located to the right of the area strip. The area strip 2 surrounding the outdoor area to be monitored is secured on the side adjacent to the outdoor area with a wire fence 4 which is as tall as a man and secured against climbing. On the side facing the unsecured area 3, the area strip 2 is only secured with a game protection fence 5. On the side of the terrain strip 2 facing the outdoor area 1 to be monitored, masts 6, 7, 8 are set up which carry lighting fixtures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and television cameras 15, 16, 17 aligned on the terrain strip 2. The television cameras are aligned with a part of the terrain strip 2 located to the side of the respective mast. Her cone forms an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the strip of land. This allows a larger area to be monitored with fewer television cameras. The two lighting elements of each mast illuminate the area of the strip of land located below and to the side of the mast. The mutual distance between the individual masts is designed such that the areas 18, 19, 20 of the terrain strip 2 monitored by the individual television cameras 15, 16, 17 overlap over their entire width.

Auf dem Geländestreifen sind fünf unmittelbar aneinandergrenzende Kontrollstreifen 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 angelegt, die sich parallel zueinander längs des Gländestreifens 2 erstrecken. Die Kontrollstreifen sind auf beiden Seiten zum jeweiligen Zaun 4, 5 hin von je einem weiteren schmalen, mit niedriger Bepflanzung, wie z.B. Gras bedeckten Streifen Geländes 26, 27 umsäumt. Die einzelnen Kontrollstreifen 21 bis 25 sind in der Darstellung der Figur von links nach rechts wie folgt aufgebaut: Der erste, dem umzäunten Freigelände 1 zugewandte Kontrollstreifen 21 ist etwa 0,8 m breit und mit Flusskies bedeckt. Daran schliesst sich ein 0,6 m breiter Kontrollstreifen 22 an, der mit Quarzkies bedeckt ist. Danach folgt ein weiterer 1,0 m breiter Kontrollstreifen 23, der wiederum mit Flusskies bedeckt ist. Längs des hieran anschliessenden 0,45 m breiten Kontrollstreifens 24 sind zwei 0,3 m hohe Mäuerchen 28, 29 errichtet. Sie bestehen in der Darstellung der Figur aus grauem Beton, sie könnten aber auch ebensogut aus grauen senkrecht stehenden Steinplatten gefertigt sein. Die Mäuerchen 28, 29 sind elektrisch beheizbar. An dem Kontrollstreifen 24 mit den beiden Mäuerchen schliesst sich ein mit Flusskies bedeckter 2,15 m breiter Kontrollstreifen 25 an. Dahinter beginnt der mit Gras bedeckte Streifen Geländes 27, der bis zum Wildschutzzaun 5 reicht.Five immediately adjacent control strips 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 are applied to the strip of land, which extend parallel to one another along the strip of land 2. The control strips are on both sides towards the respective fence 4, 5 of another narrow, with low planting, such as Grass covered strips of terrain 26, 27 edged. The individual control strips 21 to 25 in the illustration of the figure are constructed from left to right as follows: The first control strip 21 facing the fenced open area 1 is about 0.8 m wide and covered with river gravel. This is followed by a control strip 22, 0.6 m wide, which is covered with quartz gravel. This is followed by another 1.0 m wide control strip 23, which in turn is covered with river gravel. Two 0.3 m high walls 28, 29 are erected along the 0.45 m wide control strip 24 adjoining this. They consist of gray concrete in the representation of the figure, but they could just as well be made of gray vertical stone slabs. The walls 28, 29 are electrically heated. The control strip 24 with the two walls is followed by a 2.15 m wide control strip 25 covered with river gravel. Behind it begins the strip of terrain 27 covered with grass, which extends to the game protection fence 5.

Durch den Wildschutzzaun 5 auf der Aussenseite des Geländestreifens 2 und den höheren Drahtzaun 4 auf der dem zu überwachenden Freigelände 1 zugewandten Seite des Geländestreifens 2 wird verhindert, dass grössere Tiere, wie Rehe, Hunde und Hasen, in dem zu überwachenden Geländestreifen 2 eindringen können. Die Kontrollstreifen 21 bis 25 sind so ausgelegt, dass bei jeder Witterung deutliche Grauwertänderungen zwischen benachbarten Kontrollstreifen bestehen. Bei trockener und noch mehr bei nasser Witterung hebt sich der helle Quarzkies mit seinem Grauwert stark gegenüber den beiden benachbarten dunklen Flusskiesstreifen ab. Wenn im Winter eine geschlossene Schneedecke liegt und die verschiedenen Kiesstreifen zudeckt, so bleiben dennoch die Seitenflanken der beiden Mäuerchen 28, 29 schneefrei. Selbst wenn auf deren Oberkante Schnee liegen sollte, so hebt sich diese Schneehaube, aus der Blickrichtung der Fernsehaufnahmekameras 15, 16, 17 von schräg oben, vom Grau der Seitenflanken dieser Mäuerchen kontrastreich ab.The wildlife protection fence 5 on the outside of the terrain strip 2 and the higher wire fence 4 on the side of the terrain strip 2 facing the outdoor area 1 to be monitored prevents larger animals, such as deer, dogs and rabbits, from entering the terrain strip 2 to be monitored. The control strips 21 to 25 are designed in such a way that there are significant gray value changes between adjacent control strips in any weather. In dry and even more in wet weather, the light quartz gravel with its gray value stands out strongly from the two neighboring dark river gravel strips. If there is a closed layer of snow in winter and covers the various gravel strips, the side flanks of the two walls 28, 29 remain free of snow. Even if there should be snow on its upper edge, this snow cap, from the viewing direction of the television recording cameras 15, 16, 17 from diagonally above, contrasts with the gray of the side flanks of these walls.

Dieser Kontrast wird nachts noch dadurch verstärkt, dass die Oberkante des den Beleuchtungskörpern 9 bis 14 zugewandten Mäuerchens 28 einen Schlagschatten auf das dahinter befindliche Mäuerchen 29 wirft, der von den vor den Beleuchtungskörpern mit steilerer Blickrichtung angeordneten Fernsehkameras 15, 16, 17 mit erfasst wird. Den Fernsehkameras präsentiert sich somit eine Folge von dunkel-hell-dunkei-hell-dunkel-...-Streifen.This contrast is enhanced at night by the fact that the upper edge of the wall 28 facing the lighting fixtures 9 to 14 casts a drop shadow on the wall 29 located behind it, which is also detected by the television cameras 15, 16, 17 arranged in front of the lighting fixtures with a steeper viewing direction. The television cameras are presented with a sequence of dark-light-dark-light-dark -... stripes.

Bei einer Überquerung des Geländestreifens 2 unterbricht die überquerende Person, selbst wenn ihre Bekleidung im Grauwert mit der eines der verwendeten Kontrollstreifen 21 bis 25 übereinstimmt, dennoch den Grauwert der jeweils benachbarten Kontrollstreifen. Gleiches gilt auch für das Überqueren der beiden parallelen Mäuerchen 28, 29. Aber auch bei Schneelage wird beim Überqueren der beiden Mäuerchen in einem weissen Schneeanzug das kontrastreiche Streifenmuster gestört. Im letztgenannten Fall hebt sich das Weiss des Schneeanzugs vom Grau der Stirnflächen der Mäuerchen ab. Dieser Effekt wird noch verstärkt, wenn die beiden Mäuerchen mit einer Heizeinrichtung versehen sind, die den auf der Maueroberkante liegenden Schnee abtaut.When crossing the terrain strip 2, the person crossing it interrupts the gray value of the respectively adjacent control strips, even if their clothing matches the gray value with that of one of the control strips 21 to 25 used. The same applies to the crossing of the two parallel walls 28, 29. But even in snow conditions, the contrasting stripe pattern is disturbed when crossing the two walls in a white snowsuit. In the latter case, the white of the snowsuit stands out against the gray of the walls of the walls. This effect is enhanced if the two walls are equipped with a heating device that defrosts the snow lying on the top of the wall.

Bei einer Überquerung des Geländestreifens 2 bei Nacht ergeben sich nicht nur jene Änderungen der Grauwerte im Bereich der einzelnen Kontrollstreifen, wo die einzelnen Grauwerte durch den oder die Grauwerte der den Geländestreifen 2 überquerenden Person ersetzt werden, sondern es ergeben sich auch zu beiden Seiten der überquerenden Person Grauwertänderungen in den Kontrollstreifen, die durch die beiden seitlichen Schlagschatten bedingt sind, die die auf den jeweils benachbarten Masten 6, 7, 8 angeordneten Beleuchtungskörper 9 bis 14 von der überquerenden.Person auf die Kontrollstreifen 21 bis 25 werfen.When crossing the strip 2 at night, there are not only changes in the gray values in the area of the individual control strips, where the individual gray values are replaced by the gray value (s) of the person crossing the off-road strip 2, but there are also gray value changes in the control strips on both sides of the control strip, which are caused by the two drop shadows on the side, which are on the adjacent masts 6, 7, 8 arranged lighting fixtures 9 to 14 by the person crossing it onto the control strips 21 to 25.

Wenn sich ein Objekt beliebigen Grauwerts über einen Kontrollstreifen eines anderen Grauwertes schiebt, so verändert sich dessen Grauwert im abgedeckten Bereich zunächst nur in einer bestimmten Richtung. Es wird entweder heller oder dunkler, ohne dass sich dadurch der Grauwert des zunächst noch nicht betretenen benachbarten Kontrollstreifens verändert. Bei gleichzeitiger Abdeckung zweier benachbarter Kontrollstreifen durch ein und dasselbe Objekt beliebigen Grauwertes wird im allgemeinen der hellere Kontrollstreifen im abgedeckten Bereich dunkler und der dunklere Kontrollstreifen im abgedeckten Bereich heller. Dies ist immer dann der Fall, wenn der Grauwert des abdeckenden Objektes zwischen den Grauwerten der beiden benachbarten Kontrollstreifen liegt. Erreicht der Grauwert des abdeckenden Objektes den Grauwert eines der beiden Kontrollstreifen, so wird sich dennoch der Grauwert des anderen Kontrollstreifens gegenüber dem unveränderten Grauwert des ersten Kontrollstreifens ändern. Unter Zugrundelegung dieser Überlegungen lassen sich Fehlalarme, wie sie z.B. durch die Abdeckung der Sonne durch eine Wolke erzeugt werden können, vermeiden. Voraussetzung hierfür ist aber, dass die Bildauswerteeinrichtung die Bildinformation in einzelnen kleine Rasterfeldern erfasst. Dabei wird der Grauwert je Rasterfeld mit dem zuvor gespeicherten Grauwert dieses Rasterfeldes verglichen. Grauwertänderungen, d.h. Differenzen zwischen dem gespeicherten Grauwertsignal und dem neuen Grauwertsignal werden als Signal weitergeleitet und mit der Grauwertänderung des benachbarten Rasterfeldes verglichen. Über eine Schaltungslogik wird nun dafür gesorgt, dass nur gegenläufige Grauwertänderungen benachbarter Rasterfelder zu einem Auslösesignal führen, während sich die Signale gleichgerichteter Grauwertänderungen gegenseitig blockieren. Auf diese Weise können Vorgänge, die eine gleichsinnige Änderung des Grauwertes benachbarter Rasterfelder - die benachbarten Kontrollstreifen zugeordnet sein können - zur Folge haben, wie z.B. Beleuchtungsänderungen, unterdrückt werden.If an object of any gray value slides over a control strip of another gray value, its gray value in the covered area initially changes only in a certain direction. It becomes either lighter or darker without changing the gray value of the adjacent control strip which has not yet been entered. When two adjacent control strips are simultaneously covered by one and the same object of any gray value, the lighter control strip in the covered area generally becomes darker and the darker control strip in the covered area becomes lighter. This is always the case when the gray value of the covering object lies between the gray values of the two adjacent control strips. If the gray value of the covering object reaches the gray value of one of the two control strips, the gray value of the other control strip will nevertheless change compared to the unchanged gray value of the first control strip. On the basis of these considerations, false alarms such as e.g. can be generated by covering the sun with a cloud. However, the prerequisite for this is that the image evaluation device captures the image information in individual small grid fields. The gray value per grid is compared with the previously saved gray value of this grid. Gray value changes, i.e. Differences between the stored gray value signal and the new gray value signal are forwarded as a signal and compared with the change in gray value of the neighboring grid. A circuit logic now ensures that only opposite gray value changes in adjacent grid fields lead to a trigger signal, while the signals in the same direction change gray value blocks each other. In this way, processes which result in a change in the same direction of the gray value of adjacent grid fields - which can be assigned to adjacent control strips - such as, for example, Changes in lighting can be suppressed.

Fehlalarme, wie sie durch sehr kleine Objekte, wie z.B. fallendes Laub oder kleine Tiere, wie z.B. Mäuse, ausgelöst werden können, lassen sich vermeiden, wenn die Bildauswerteeinrichtung die von Grauwertänderungen herrührenden Auslösesignale mehrerer unmittelbar benachbarter Rasterfelder, soweit in ihnen ein Grauwertänderungssignal erzeugt wird, aufsummiert und das aufsummierte Signal über einen Diskriminator leitet. Dessen Schwelle kann bedarfsweise so hoch gelegt werden, dass kleine Abdeckungen, wie sie durch eine Maus oder ein Blatt verursacht werden, mit ihren aufsummierten Signalwerten noch unter jener Schwelle liegen, die zur eigentlichen Signalauslösung erforderlich ist. Grössere Gegenstände, wie ein Hund oder eine Person, haben jedoch eine derartige Aufsummierung der Auslösesignale zur Folge, dass eine Signalauslösung erfolgt.False alarms, such as those caused by very small objects, e.g. falling leaves or small animals such as Mice that can be triggered can be avoided if the image evaluation device sums up the trigger signals from several immediately adjacent raster fields resulting from gray value changes, insofar as a gray value change signal is generated in them, and routes the summed signal via a discriminator. If necessary, its threshold can be set so high that small covers, such as those caused by a mouse or a leaf, with their summed signal values are still below the threshold that is necessary for the actual signal triggering. Larger objects, such as a dog or a person, result in such a summation of the trigger signals that a signal is triggered.

Claims (23)

1. Open-air ground surveillance apparatus comprising a strip of ground (2) which is to be monitored and comprising poles (6, 7, 8) which are erected along the strip of ground (2) and serve to support illuminators (9 to 14) and television cameras (15, 16, 17) which are connected to an image analysing device, characterised in that the strip of ground (2) comprises at least three control strips (21 to 25), which are aligned parallel to one another and each of which has a different grey value, and that the illuminators (9 to 14) and television cameras (15, 16, 17) which are assigned to one and the same region of ground strip are supported several metres above the control strip.
2. Open-air ground surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the illuminators (9 to 14) on the one hand and the television cameras (15, 16, 17) on the other hand, which are assigned to a specific ground strip region, form an opening angle of more than 10° with one another viewed from said ground strip region.
3. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that during the projection of the opening angle into a plane parallel to the extension of the strip of ground (2) an angle of 5° is not fallen below.
4. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the control strips (21 to 25) are aligned parallel to the strip of ground (2).
5. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that at least one control strip (21, 22, 23, 25) is covered with gravelled stone material.
6. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that at least one control strip (21, 23, 25) is covered with fine sea gravel.
7. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that at least one control strip (22) is covered with quartz gravel.
8. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that at least one control strip (24) is concreted.
9. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that at least one control strip is cemented.
10. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that plates which stand at a front end are erected along the control strip.
11. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that at least one small wall (28, 29) is erected along one of the control strips (24).
12. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 11, characterised in that the wall (28, 29) has a minimum height of 10 cm.
13. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 11, characterised in that two walls (28, 29) which have approximately the same height (28, 29) are erected parallel to one another.
14. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 13, characterised in that the mutual spacing of the two walls (28, 29) is smaller than their height.
15. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the ground strip (2) is respectively secured by means of a fence (3, 4) on both sides.
16. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the poles (6, 7, 8) are arranged on the side of the strip of ground (2) which faces the open-air ground (1) to be protected.
17. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the image analysing device examines the image information in individual scanning fields.
18. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 17, characterised in that the image analysing device detects changes of the grey value graduation relative to an adjacent control strip.
19. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 17, characterised in that the image analysing device differentiates between unidirected and opposed changes of the grey value in adjacent control strips.
20. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 17, characterised in that the image analysing device sums up the signals of adjacent triggering image scanning fields.
21. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that a control strip can be heated.
22. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 11, characterised in that the wall (28, 29) can be heated.
23. Open-air surveillance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the projection of the axes of the recording cone of the television camera onto strips of ground form an acute angle with the longitudinal axes thereof.
EP84104425A 1983-05-03 1984-04-18 Open-air ground surveillance apparatus Expired EP0126955B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833316122 DE3316122A1 (en) 1983-05-03 1983-05-03 OUTDOOR AREA MONITORING SYSTEM
DE3316122 1983-05-03

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EP0126955A1 EP0126955A1 (en) 1984-12-05
EP0126955B1 true EP0126955B1 (en) 1987-03-11

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4033260C1 (en) * 1990-10-19 1992-01-09 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8012 Ottobrunn, De Sensor video column for perimeter protection - houses water-sealed modules for IR transmitter receiver, sensors etc. screwed against sabotage and looking like ordinary post
EP0551175A1 (en) * 1992-01-07 1993-07-14 Oxley Developments Company Limited Video surveillance system
DE19623524A1 (en) * 1996-06-13 1998-01-02 Pintsch Bamag Ag Monitoring unit for danger area at railway level crossing
DE19744694B4 (en) * 1997-10-10 2013-01-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Video motion detection device
US7302080B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2007-11-27 Secumanagement B.V. System for installation
SE523456C2 (en) * 2001-09-28 2004-04-20 Wespot Ab System, device and method for setting up a monitoring unit
DE10341426A1 (en) * 2003-09-09 2005-04-14 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Area e.g. railway station platform, monitoring method, monitors defined areas to detect situations which are then classified according to type and location by using video camera signal analysis

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DE2439102A1 (en) * 1974-08-14 1976-02-26 Siemens Ag Representation of images in form of digital data - involves data containing intensity values and coordinates for recording means
DE2715083C3 (en) * 1977-04-04 1983-02-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart System for the discrimination of a video signal
CA1116286A (en) * 1979-02-20 1982-01-12 Control Data Canada, Ltd. Perimeter surveillance system
DE2949580A1 (en) * 1979-12-10 1981-06-11 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München ARRANGEMENT FOR STORING IMAGES TAKEN BY A SCREENING METHOD

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EP0126955A1 (en) 1984-12-05
DE3462636D1 (en) 1987-04-16

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