CN1322370C - 用于投影显示的光学系统 - Google Patents

用于投影显示的光学系统 Download PDF

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CN1322370C
CN1322370C CNB008096236A CN00809623A CN1322370C CN 1322370 C CN1322370 C CN 1322370C CN B008096236 A CNB008096236 A CN B008096236A CN 00809623 A CN00809623 A CN 00809623A CN 1322370 C CN1322370 C CN 1322370C
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release surface
lens
prism
place
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CN1375076A (zh
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S·玛格利尔
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3M Innovative Properties Co
3M Precision Optics Inc
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    • G03B21/14—Details
    • G03B21/142—Adjusting of projection optics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
    • G02B26/0833—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/0875—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more refracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/0875—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more refracting elements
    • G02B26/0883—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more refracting elements the refracting element being a prism
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/005—Projectors using an electronic spatial light modulator but not peculiar thereto
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/14—Details
    • G03B21/28—Reflectors in projection beam
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
    • H04N9/3105—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying all colours simultaneously, e.g. by using two or more electronic spatial light modulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3197—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using light modulating optical valves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
    • H04N5/7458—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal the modulator being an array of deformable mirrors, e.g. digital micromirror device [DMD]

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Abstract

本发明提供了用于使用数字发光板(35)的投影系统中的棱镜(13)。该棱镜包括定向的第一(19)和第二(21)分离表面，使得：(a)光源(33)发出的光穿过分离表面，到达数字发光板；(b)“开”像素发出的光在第二表面(21)处经过全反射，被导入投影透镜(39)的接收角；和(c)“关”像素发出的光从第二表面(21)反射，被导离投影透镜(39)的接收角。

Description

用于投影显示的光学系统
发明领域
本发明涉及用于投影显示的光学系统，尤其涉及美国专利号5,552,922(’922专利)中所揭示类型的光学系统，其内容通过参考结合于此。
发明背景
’922专利中揭示了一种系统，它用于透射照明光，从光源到数字发光板(DLP)，再从DLP的“开”像素到投影透镜。虽然’922专利的系统工作地很成功，但是注意到了两个可以改进系统的方面，以降低成本和使制造更简单。
第一方面涉及’922专利中表面18和20之间的倾斜空隙。由于“开”像素发出的光穿过该空隙，所以该空隙可以将像散和彗差传入DLP的投影图像，除非空隙的宽度和楔形被仔细地控制。对空隙宽度和楔形严格控制的需要使系统的制造更复杂。
第二方面涉及’922系统中，“开”像素发出的光穿过’922专利中表面14、16和18所确定的光学元件，和该专利中表面12和20所确定的光学元件。这意味着这两个光学元件必须用高质量的玻璃制造，并且必须满足表面平面度、表面定位、straie、双折射，等等的严格公差。这种需要增加了系统的总成本，因此是不希望的。
发明内容
鉴于上述，本发明的目的是提供改进的光学系统，用于透射照明光，从光源到DLP，再从DLP的“开”像素到投影透镜。具体地说，本发明的目的是提供’922专利中所揭示一般类型的系统，它更易制造并降低了成本。
为了达到这些和其它的目的，本发明提供的光学系统包括光源、DLP、投影透镜、和具有第一和第二分离表面的棱镜，其中第一和第二分离表面、光源、DLP、和投影透镜相对于彼此取向，使得光源发出的光穿过第一和第二分离表面，到达DLP，从DPL中“开”或“第一位置”像素反射的光在朝向投影透镜的第二分离表面处被以一角度内反射，使得光在投影透镜的接收角内，DLP中“关”或“第二位置”像素反射的光或者在朝向投影透镜的第二分离表面处被以一角度内反射，使得光不在投影透镜的接收角内，或者穿过棱镜，所以光在接收角之外(例如，图3中的最高光束41)。
附图说明
图1是本发明中从光源到DLP的光路的示意图。
图2是本发明中从DLP的“开”像素到投影透镜的光路的示意图。
图3是本发明中DLP的“关”像素发出光线的光路示意图。
结合并组成说明书一部分的以上附图和说明书一起说明了本发明的较佳实施例，用于解释本发明的原理。当然应该理解附图和说明书只是解释性的，并不限制本发明。
附图中使用的标号对应如下：
13棱镜
15棱镜元件
17棱镜元件
19第一分离表面
21第二分离表面
23对角线
25棱镜入射表面
27棱镜出射/入射表面
29棱镜出射表面
31照明光
33照明系统
35DLP
37“开”像素反射的光
39投影透镜
41“关”像素反射的光
43“光”像素发出的光
45 DLP覆盖板
较佳实施例的详细描述
如图所示，棱镜13包括两部分或两个元件15、17，在棱镜的对角线23处它们被一很薄的空气层分离。元件15的表面19和元件17的表面21沿该对角线相互面对，并分别组成上述的第一和第二分离表面。
如图1中所示，照明系统33发出的光31通过25侧进入棱镜10。在棱镜对角线23上该光线的入射角小于临界角，所以该光线穿过对角线23，并照亮DLP35。
如图2中所示，“开”位置的像素以垂直于DLP中工作区的方向反射图1的入射照明光31。光线37在空隙对角线23上的入射角大于临界角，因此该光线的100％被该对角线反射。尤其，DLP发出的反射光37以大于临界角的角度冲击元件17的表面21，该临界角由元件17的折射率与空气折射率相比而确定。
光线37通过29侧从棱镜13出射，29侧是27侧的镜像。29侧和27侧的关系意味着沿“开”像素反射的光束37，棱镜元件17是有效的平面平行板。这还意味着棱镜元件17作为图像通路上的唯一元件，不产生差或像散。
在29侧后面配置投影透镜39，以捕获“开”像素发出的光，并在观察屏幕(未图示)上产生期望的图像。
如图3中所示，“关”位置的像素向几个方向反射图1的入射照明光31，使得光线不能有效地进入投影透镜39的入射光瞳(例如图3中的光线43)。也就是说，“关”像素发出的光线41不在投影透镜的接收角内。
在实践中，棱镜13的25、27和29侧具有传统的减反射层，以将Fresnel反射最小化。此外，分离表面19、21的减反射层被优化为入射角接近于临界角，以减小照明光31的Fresnel损耗。
除了通过空气层分离，表面19和21还可以通过低折射率的薄层分离。为了在表面21处保持较大的临界角，元件17可以用高折射率的玻璃制成。元件15可以用类似的玻璃制成，以避免将彩色或其它像差引入照明光31中。这种薄层的优点包括棱镜元件的简易装配和除去了分离表面中灰尘和/或水污染引起的问题。这种污染会破坏表面21处引导光线进入投影透镜的全反射能力，并会导致较高等级的光损耗。
如图1-3中所示，覆盖板45通常保护DLP。如果希望，该覆盖板可以粘合到表面27，因此从系统中除去了导致Fresnel损耗的两个玻璃/空气界面。
如上所述，以上投影系统的结构到达了以下的优点：
(1)沿对角线23空隙的宽度和楔形不影响从“开”像素到投影透镜的光路。因此，除去了与该倾斜空隙关联的像散和彗差。
(2)只有棱镜元件17工作在成像光路上。因此棱镜元件15可以用较低质量的玻璃制造，而无需表面平面度和定位、straie、双折射，等等的严格公差。用这种方法，降低了装置的总成本。
虽然这里描述了本发明的较佳实施例，不脱离以下权利要求书中所确定的本发明范围，本领域熟练的技术人员还可以理解其它实施例。

Claims (4)

1.一种图像投影系统，它包括：
(a)光源(33)，它提供照明光(31)；
(b)多个选择性的可调节反射元件(35)，它们被配置在公有平面中，所述元件(35)可以在至少第一位置和第二位置之间调节；
(c)透镜(39)，它具有平行于所述公有平面的主平面；和
(d)棱镜(13)，它位于所述透镜(39)和所述多个反射元件(35)之间；
其特征在于：
(A)透镜(39)具有接收角；
(B)棱镜(13)包括第一(19)和第二(21)分离表面，这两个表面相对于光源(33)、多个反射元件(35)和透镜(39)取向，使得：
(i)光源(33)发出的光(31)穿过第一(19)和第二(21)分离表面，到达多个反射元件(35)，和
(ii)第一位置处反射元件(35)反射的光(37)(a)穿过棱镜(13)的第一反射光透射侧(27)，(b)在第二分离表面(21)处沿透镜(39)接收角内的方向反射，(c)穿过棱镜(13)的第二反射光透射侧(29)；
(C)该系统具有光轴，该光轴：
(i)垂直于公有平面；以及
(ii)在第二分离表面(21)处，在一方向上经历变化；
(D)当沿光轴平移并从第二分离表面(21)反射时，主平面平行于公有平面和
(E)棱镜(13)的第一(27)和第二(29)反射光透射侧具有一交叉内角。
2.如权利要求1所述的图像投影系统，其特征在于，
(i)第二位置处一些反射元件(35)反射的光(41)在第二分离表面(21)处沿非透镜(39)接收角内的方向反射；和
(ii)第二位置处其它反射元件(35)反射的光(41)穿过第二分离表面(21)。
3.一种图像投影系统，它包括：
(a)光源(33)，它提供照明光(31)；
(b)多个选择性的可调节反射元件(35)，它们被配置在公有平面中，所述元件(35)可以在至少第一位置和第二位置之间调节；
(c)透镜(39)，它具有平行于所述公有平面的主平面：和
(d)棱镜(13)，它位于所述透镜(39)和所述多个反射元件(35)之间；
其特征在于，
(A)透镜(39)具有接收角；
(B)棱镜(13)包括第一(19)和第二(21)分离表面，这两个表面相对于光源(33)、多个反射元件(35)和透镜(39)取向，使得：
(i)光源(33)发出的光(31)穿过第一(19)和第二(21)分离表面，到达多个反射元件(35)，和
(ii)第一位置处反射元件(35)反射的光(37)在第二分离表面(21)处沿透镜(39)接收角内的方向反射；
(C)系统具有光轴，它：
(i)垂直于公有平面；和
(ii)在第二分离表面(21)处，在一方向上经历变化；
(D)当沿光轴平移并从第二分离表面(21)反射时，主平面平行于公有平面；
(E)第一分离表面(19)与棱镜(13)的第一元件(15)关联，光源(33)发出的光(31)穿过第一元件，但是第一位置处反射元件(35)反射的光(37)不从中穿过；
(F)第二分离表面(21)与棱镜(13)的第二元件(17)关联，光源(33)发出的光(31)和第一位置处反射元件(35)反射的光(37)都穿过第二元件；以及
(G)第一元件(15)的光学质量比第二元件(17)低。
4.一种图像投影系统，它包括：
(a)光源(33)，它提供照明光(31)；
(b)多个选择性的可调节反射元件(35)，它们被配置在公有平面中，所述元件(35)可以在至少第一位置和第二位置之间调节；
(c)透镜(39)，它具有平行于所述公有平面的主平面；和
(d)棱镜(13)，它位于所述透镜(39)和所述多个反射元件(35)之间；
其特征在于，
(A)透镜(39)具有接收角；
(B)棱镜(13)包括第一(19)和第二(21)分离表面，这两个表面相对于光源(33)、多个反射元件(35)和透镜(39)取向，使得：
(i)光源(33)发出的光(31)穿过第一(19)和第二(21)分离表面，到达多个反射元件(35)，和
(ii)由第一位置处反射元件(35)反射的光(37)在第二分离表面(21)处沿透镜(39)接收角内的方向反射；
(C)系统具有光轴，它：
(i)垂直于公有平面；和
(ii)在第二分离表面(21)处，在一方向上经历变化；和
(D)当沿光轴平移并从第二分离表面(21)反射时，主平面平行于公有平面；
(E)第二位置处的一些反射元件(35)反射的光(41)在第二分离表面(21)处沿非透镜(39)接收角内的方向反射；
(F)第二位置处其它反射元件(35)反射的光(41)穿过第二分离表面(21)；
(G)第一分离表面(19)与棱镜(13)的第一元件(15)关联，光源(33)发出的光(31)穿过第一元件，但是由第一位置处反射元件(35)反射的光(37)不从中穿过；
(H)第二分离表面(21)与棱镜(13)的第二元件(17)关联，光源(33)发出的光(31)和第一位置处反射元件(35)反射的光(37)都穿过第二元件；和
(I)第一元件(15)的光学质量比第二元件(17)低。
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