CN105137599A - Head-mounted display and image and transmissivity/reflectivity determination method and device therefor - Google Patents
Head-mounted display and image and transmissivity/reflectivity determination method and device therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105137599A CN105137599A CN201510486523.6A CN201510486523A CN105137599A CN 105137599 A CN105137599 A CN 105137599A CN 201510486523 A CN201510486523 A CN 201510486523A CN 105137599 A CN105137599 A CN 105137599A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
Abstract
The invention discloses a head-mounted display and an image and transmissivity/reflectivity determination method and device therefor. The display comprises a display device and an optical system, and the display device can display a first image through a plurality of display pixels on the display device. The optical system comprises a spatial light modulator, and the spatial light modulator comprises a plurality of adjustment pixels, wherein the transmissivity/reflectivity of each adjustment pixel can be adjusted. The first image and the distribution of transmissivity/reflectivity are set to be intersected at one or more pixels from an extending line or a reverse extending line of emergent light from the optical light, wherein one or more pixels form a three-dimensional virtual image. The display can represent a three-dimensional image with a human eye adjustment clue, and solves a problem that conventional three-dimensional display equipment is liable to cause visual fatigue when the three-dimensional display equipment is used for observing the three-dimensional image.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dimension display technologies, specifically, relate to a kind of head mounted display and image thereof and transmittance/reflectance defining method and device.
Background technology
Why human eye can find out the 3-D effect of object, is to there is certain distance between the eyes because of people, has certain parallax between the image that eyes are seen, the image of this band parallax feeds back to cerebral cortex through retina just to be made
people producesraw stereoscopic vision.
Existing three-dimensional display apparatus is utilize above-mentioned principle relief to produce mostly, namely left eye is respectively and right eye provides slightly differentiated image, these slightly differentiated images feed back to brain through retina, thus deception brain, make observer produce the sensation of 3D.The 3D scene constructed due to the mode artificially manufacturing parallax is not real stereo-picture, the physical location (screen) of the image position that the human eye when watching these 3D scenes is felt and image is different, now human eye can be focused according to the picture position of sensation, because the physical location of image is at screen, therefore can not see image after focusing, now human eye needs again to accommodate to screen, so repeatedly regulates, cause visual fatigue, reduce the viewing experience of user.
Therefore a kind of display device that can produce the three-dimensional image regulating clue with human eye is needed badly, to solve the problem using existing stereoscopic display device viewing stereo-picture easily to cause visual fatigue.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention will solve is to provide a kind of can generation provides human eye to regulate the three-dimensional image head mounted display of clue, 3-D view optimization method and optimization device, to solve the problem easily being caused visual fatigue by existing three-dimensional display apparatus viewing stereo-picture.
According to an aspect of the present invention, disclose a kind of head mounted display, comprising:
Display device, this display device comprises multiple display pixel, and the light intensity of each display pixel can be conditioned, thus shows the first image on the display apparatus;
Optical system, optical system comprises spatial light modulator, this spatial light modulator (spacelightmodulator, SLM) multiple adjustment pixel is comprised, transmissivity or the reflectivity of each adjustment pixel can be conditioned, thus in spatial light modulator, form predetermined transmissivity distribution or reflectivity distribution;
First image and the distribution of described transmissivity or reflectivity distribution are set to intersect at one or more picture point from the extended line of the emergent light of optical system exit or reverse extending line, and one or more picture point forms three-dimensional virtual image.
Preferably, spatial light modulator is in the aperture diaphragm place of optical system.
Preferably, wherein, optical system also comprises:
Light is had to optical element or the optical module of refraction or reflex, it is arranged in the light path of optical system.
Preferably, to light, there is refraction or the optical element of reflex or optical module and there is convergence to light or disperse function.
Preferably, optical element or optical module snug space photomodulator.
Preferably, also comprise:
Processor, for according to the optical characteristics of optical system with expect the expection three-dimensional virtual image of presenting to user, obtains the first image and the distribution of described transmissivity or reflectivity distribution.
Preferably, for often restrainting emergent light, using the product of the transmissivity of the adjustment pixel of the light intensity and this emergent light of transmission that send the display pixel of this emergent light as its light intensity data, or using the product of reflectivity of the light intensity of the display pixel sending this emergent light and the adjustment pixel of this emergent light of reflection as its light intensity data;
For each picture point, using the light intensity data sum of all emergent lights corresponding to it as its picture point intensity data;
Processor obtains the first image by optimized algorithm and transmissivity distributes or reflectivity distribution;
The target of optimized algorithm is that the expection picture point intensity data of expection picture point corresponding in the picture point intensity data of all picture points of three-dimensional virtual image and expection three-dimensional virtual image is mated on the whole.
According to another aspect of the present invention, disclose a kind of method determining the first image described in above-mentioned head mounted display and the distribution of described transmissivity or reflectivity distribution according to expection three-dimensional virtual image, comprising:
Arrange initial first image and initial transmission distribution or initial reflectance to distribute;
Pass through iteration optimization algorithms, obtain optimization first image and optimize transmissivity distribution or optimize reflectivity distribution, the expection picture point intensity data of expection picture point corresponding in the picture point intensity data of all picture points of the described three-dimensional virtual image presented and expection three-dimensional virtual image is mated by head mounted display on the whole.
Preferably, the iterative process each time of iteration optimization algorithms comprises:
Distribute or reflectivity distribution according to the first set image and transmissivity, calculate the picture point intensity data of each picture point;
Calculating target function value, target function value represents the overall difference between the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point intensity data of the expection picture point corresponding with it;
To make target function value be reduced to target, optimal design-aside first image and transmissivity distribute or reflectivity distribution.
Preferably, iteration optimization algorithms need meet with downstream condition:
The light intensity of each display pixel of the first image is more than or equal to 0;
Transmissivity distribution is more than or equal to 0 to the transmissivity of each adjustment pixel; Or
The reflectivity of reflectivity distribution to each adjustment pixel is more than or equal to 0.
Preferably, for each picture point, determine the adjustment pixel of display pixel and the correspondence participating in forming this picture point, wherein,
Sent by display pixel and intersect at described picture point through the extended line of the emergent light of the adjustment pixel of correspondence or reverse extending line; Or
Sent by display pixel and intersect at described picture point through the extended line of the reflected light of the adjustment pixel reflects of correspondence or reverse extending line.
Preferably, the adjustment pixel of display pixel and the correspondence participating in forming this picture point is determined according to the optical characteristics of optical system.
Preferably, determine that described participation forms the display pixel of this picture point and corresponding adjustment pixel according to the optical characteristics of optical system and the aberration of eyes of user.
Preferably, optical characteristics comprises the aberration of described optical system.
Preferably, optical system also comprises thin convex lens, and thin convex lens is arranged between display device and spatial light modulator, and snug space photomodulator,
Each picture point is determined that the step of display pixel and the corresponding adjustment pixel participating in forming this picture point comprises:
According to convex lens formula, calculate the position of real image point corresponding to picture point;
Based on the approximate condition participating in the adjustment pixel three point on a straight line forming the display pixel of this picture point, real image point and correspondence, determine the display pixel that participates in forming this picture point and corresponding adjustment pixel.
Preferably, the step calculating the picture point intensity data of each picture point comprises:
Calculate each light intensity and the corresponding transmissivity of adjustment pixel or the product of reflectivity that participate in the display pixel forming this picture point;
Participate in for all the display pixel forming this picture point, calculate the sum of products, as the picture point intensity data of this picture point.
Preferably, target function value is:
First object functional value, i.e. the absolute value sum of the difference of the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point intensity data of the expection picture point corresponding with it; Or
Second target function value, i.e. square sum of the difference of the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point intensity data of the expection picture point corresponding with it; Or
3rd target function value, i.e. the mould square sum of the difference of the gradient of the gradient of the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point intensity data of the expection picture point corresponding with it; Or
The linear combination of above-mentioned first object functional value, the second target function value, the 3rd target function value.
Preferably, iteration optimization algorithms stops when iterations exceedes default iterations: or
Iteration optimization algorithms stops when target function value is less than goal-selling function threshold.
According to another aspect of the invention, disclose a kind of device determining the first image described in above-mentioned head mounted display and the distribution of described transmissivity or reflectivity distribution according to expection three-dimensional virtual image, comprising:
Initial setting up unit, distributes for arranging initial first image and initial transmission distribution or initial reflectance;
Iterative optimization unit, for passing through iteration optimization algorithms, obtain optimization first image and optimize transmissivity distribution or optimize reflectivity distribution, the expection picture point intensity data of expection picture point corresponding in the picture point intensity data of all picture points of the described three-dimensional virtual image presented and expection three-dimensional virtual image is mated by head mounted display on the whole.
Preferably, iterative optimization unit comprises:
Picture point Strength co-mputation unit, for distributing or reflectivity distribution according to the first set image and transmissivity, calculates the picture point intensity data of each picture point;
Target function value computing unit, for calculating target function value, target function value represents the overall difference between the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point intensity data of the expection picture point corresponding with it;
Optimal design-aside unit, for make target function value be reduced to target, optimal design-aside first image and transmissivity distribution or reflectivity distribution.
Preferably, also comprise:
Corresponding relation determining unit, for for each picture point, determines the adjustment pixel of display pixel and the correspondence participating in forming this picture point, wherein,
Sent by display pixel and intersect at picture point through the extended line of the emergent light of the adjustment pixel of correspondence or reverse extending line, or
Sent by display pixel and intersect at described picture point through the extended line of the reflected light of corresponding adjustment pixel reflects or reverse extending line.
Preferably, optical system also comprises thin convex lens, and thin convex lens is arranged between display device and spatial light modulator, and snug space photomodulator,
Corresponding relation determining unit comprises:
Real image point position calculation unit, for according to convex lens formula, calculates the position of real image point corresponding to picture point;
Linear relationship computing unit, for based on the approximate condition participating in the adjustment pixel three point on a straight line forming the display pixel of this picture point, real image point and correspondence, determines the display pixel that participates in forming this picture point and corresponding adjustment pixel.
Preferably, picture point Strength co-mputation unit comprises:
Multiplication unit, for calculating each light intensity and the corresponding transmissivity of adjustment pixel or the product of reflectivity that participate in the display pixel forming this picture point;
Sum unit, for participating in for all the display pixel forming this picture point, calculates the sum of products, as the picture point intensity data of this picture point.
Head mounted display of the present invention can be shown needing the three-dimensional virtual image of display by existing conventional display device, and the three-dimensional virtual image demonstrated is the stereo-picture regulating clue with human eye, the image space of this three-dimensional virtual image is just on the position expecting human eye impression, when user wear this head mounted display watch time, just as this three-dimensional virtual image necessary being is in space pre-position, human eye only needs to watch this three-dimensional virtual image as object real in viewing space, therefore, the focal length of eyes repeatedly can not be regulated as in the state of the art for pickup position and actual displayed position, thus solve the problem using existing stereoscopic display device viewing stereo-picture easily to cause visual fatigue.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By combining
accompanying drawingbe described in more detail disclosure illustrative embodiments, above-mentioned and other object of the present disclosure, Characteristics and advantages will become more obvious, and wherein, in disclosure illustrative embodiments, identical reference number represents same parts usually.
fig. 1it is the structural representation of head mounted display according to an embodiment of the invention
figure;
fig. 2a illustrates based on the formation of a picture point of head mounted display of the present invention
figure;
fig. 2b is the formation signal of a picture point based on the another kind of head mounted display of the present invention
figure;
fig. 3a is the structural representation that the spatial light modulator of the head mounted display of one embodiment of the invention is in the aperture diaphragm place of optical system
figure;
fig. 3b is the structural representation that the spatial light modulator of the head mounted display of one embodiment of the invention is not in the aperture diaphragm place of optical system
figure;
fig. 4it is the structural representation of head mounted display according to another embodiment of the invention
figure;
fig. 5it is the method flow signal determining the first image and transmittance/reflectance distribution in head mounted display of the present invention according to expection three-dimensional virtual image
figure;
fig. 6be
fig. 5described in iteration optimization algorithms iterative process each time flow process signal
figure;
fig. 7it is the structural representation of the device determining the first image and transmissivity distribution or reflectivity distribution in head mounted display of the present invention according to expection three-dimensional virtual image
figure;
fig. 8be
fig. 7a kind of structural representation of middle iterative optimization unit
figure;
fig. 9be
fig. 8the structural representation of middle picture point Strength co-mputation unit
figure
fig. 10 is
fig. 7the another kind of structural representation of middle iterative optimization unit
figure;
fig. 11 is the structural representation of the corresponding relation determining unit of one embodiment of the invention
figure.
Embodiment
Below with reference to
accompanying drawingpreferred implementation of the present disclosure is described in more detail.Although
in accompanying drawingshow preferred implementation of the present disclosure, but should be appreciated that, the disclosure can be realized in a variety of manners and not should limit by the embodiment of setting forth here.On the contrary, provide these embodiments to be to make the disclosure more thorough and complete, and the scope of the present disclosure intactly can be conveyed to those skilled in the art.
Head mounted display disclosed by the invention, can be shown needing the three-dimensional virtual image of display by existing conventional display device, and the three-dimensional virtual image demonstrated is the stereo-picture regulating clue with human eye, solve the problem using existing stereoscopic display device viewing stereo-picture easily to cause visual fatigue.
Specifically, head mounted display of the present invention comprises display device and optical system.Wherein, display device is used for showing image, optical system is used for modulating the image of display device display, wherein, modulation mainly comprises intensity modulated, after ovennodulation, extended line or the reverse extending line of the multi beam light after optical system exit that the image shown by display device sends intersect at one or more picture point, and one or more picture point just constitutes three-dimensional virtual image.
Below in conjunction with
accompanying drawinghead mounted display of the present invention is described in further details.
fig. 1it is the structural representation of head mounted display of the present invention
figure.
as Fig. 1shown in, head mounted display 1 of the present invention comprises display device 2 and optical system 3.
Display device 2 comprises multiple display pixel, and the light intensity on each display pixel can be conditioned, thus shows the first image on display 2.
First image can be regulated by the light intensity changing the multiple display pixels in display device 2.In addition, in the present invention, display device 2 can be the various display devices such as Mobile phone screen, computer screen, TV screen.
Optical system 3 comprises spatial light modulator 3-1 (spacelightmodulator, SLM), spatial light modulator 3-1 comprises multiple adjustment pixel, spatial light modulator 3-1 can be transmission-type pupil also can be reflective pupil, transmissivity or the reflectivity of each adjustment pixel can be conditioned, thus in spatial light modulator, form predetermined transmissivity distribution or reflectivity distribution.
First image and transmissivity distribution or reflectivity distribution are set to intersect at one or more picture point from the extended line of the emergent light of optical system exit or reverse extending line, and one or more picture point forms three-dimensional virtual image.
Optical system 3 of the present invention adopts spatial light modulator 3-1 to carry out intensity modulated to the light that display device 2 sends, its modulation mechanism is, spatial light modulator 3-1 can be modulated by the transmissivity or the intensity of reflectivity to the light incided on it changing each position on it, make to meet at multiple picture point space from the extended line of the light of optical system exit or reverse extending line, when picture point is abundant, just can form three-dimensional virtual image.
Therefore, spatial light modulator 3-1 can adopt various transmission liquid crystal to shield or reflection type lcd panel, as long as transmissivity of each position or reflectivity can be conditioned on it.Such as, spatial light modulator can adopt LCoS (Liquidcrystalonsilicon, the i.e. attached silicon of liquid crystal, also liquid crystal on silicon is, a kind of based on reflective-mode, the matrix liquid crystal display device that size is very little), DMD (DigitalMicromirrorDevice can also be adopted, digital micromirror elements, a kind of minimum catoptron developed by texas,U.S one instrument company).
Below the forming process of the three-dimensional virtual image of head mounted display of the present invention is described in further details.
fig. 2a illustrates based on the formation of a picture point of head mounted display of the present invention
figure.
as schemedshow,
in figureb represents display device, and A represents spatial light modulator, and the transmissivity of A each position upper is adjustable, and B comprises multiple display pixel, can show different images by regulating the light intensity of multiple display pixel on B on B.
When wearing, the close together between head mounted display and eyes, generally only has 12mm, if so head mounted display one-tenth is real image, real image from eyes too close to, be unfavorable for that user watches, therefore in actual applications, head mounted display preferably shows the virtual image, and in order to one, space virtual image point will be produced, need more incident and meet at this virtual image point, time such eyes are seen to the reverse extending line of the light of eyes, can have the heels of along light, a virtual image point will be obtained.
Based on above-mentioned virtual image point image-forming principle, by
fig. 2a is known, and virtual image point P is that those light meeting at a P by the reverse extending line from A outgoing are formed, and these light are by the B on B
xpixel partly sends with certain emergence angle, and that is, some P is by the B on B
xon the pixel of part and A, the transmissivity of all positions participates in being formed.
Therefore, by changing the display image on B and the distribution of the transmissivity on A, can the light intensity of point of adjustment P, make the light intensity of invocation point P close to the light intensity of expection three dimensional rendered images in this place's picture point.
Combine above
fig. 2the forming process of A to a picture point of head mounted display according to the present invention elaborates, and based on the forming process of mentioned above picture point, the stereo-picture shown as required, just can be shown and solid by head mounted display of the present invention
figurecorresponding multiple picture points, these picture points will be formed and solid
figuresimilar three-dimensional virtual image.
Such as, need in space a certain position display one width stereo-picture, first by regulating the transmissivity of the display image in the display device in head mounted display of the present invention and spatial light modulator to distribute, show multiple specific picture point in space, even if these picture points are corresponding with needing the stereo-picture of the position shown, like this, if when picture point is abundant, these picture points will form virtual 3-D view.
It should be noted that,
fig. 2what in A, embodiment adopted is transmissive spatial photomodulator, should be understood that for the present invention, can also adopt reflective spatial light modulator, adopts the imaging process of reflective spatial light modulator similar as above, repeats no more herein.
In addition, optical element or optical module can also be set up in the light path of optical system, as optical system can also comprise optical element or optical module light to refraction or reflex, these optical elements or optical module can be assemble class component as convex lens, concave mirror, can also be disperse class component as concavees lens, these optical elements or optical module can be arranged by snug space photomodulator.
fig. 2b illustrates based on the picture point forming process of another kind of head mounted display of the present invention
figure.
as Fig. 2shown in B, in the embodiment of the present invention head mounted display with
fig. 2the difference of A is, between A and B of the present invention and be close to A and place a thin convex lens.
Now, picture point P is by the B ' on B
xon the pixel of part and A, the transmissivity of all positions participates in being formed, with
fig. 2do not comprise optical element in A to compare, for same picture point P, when arranging convex lens, the pixel that the upper participation of B forms this picture point is less.
Spatial light modulator preferably can be allowed to be in the aperture diaphragm place of optical system.
fig. 3a is the structural representation that the spatial light modulator of one embodiment of the invention is in the aperture diaphragm place of optical system
figure.
fig. 3the spatial light modulator of B one embodiment of the invention is not in the structural representation at the aperture diaphragm place of optical system
figure.
fig. 3a,
fig. 3in B, A represents display device, and B represents spatial light modulator, and C represents convex lens.
as Fig. 3a,
fig. 3shown in B, when spatial light modulator is in optical system, for the upper pixel of display device A, in spatial light modulator, each position all can be modulated it.When spatial light modulator is not in optical system, for the upper pixel of display device A, spatial light modulator only have part modulate this pixel.
By
fig. 3a,
fig. 3b is known, the light field that two-layer display can be shown is that the tensor product of two-layer display picture element determines, so, when spatial light modulator is not on aperture diaphragm time, in tensor product, there is 0 a large amount of elements, when spatial light modulator that and if only if is on aperture diaphragm, nonzero element in tensor product is maximum, and the light field that now can show is the abundantest, so, when spatial light modulator is in the position of the aperture diaphragm of optical system, can be utilized.
In addition, when spatial light modulator is in the position of aperture diaphragm, himself can not imaging, the image resolution ratio that user observes is the resolution on display.Therefore, the resolution of display device and spatial light modulator can be different, even can have larger difference.Such as, liquid crystal or the OLED (OrganicLight-EmittingDiode of high resolving power and high refresh rate and colour can be used, Organic Light Emitting Diode is also called Organic Electricity laser display) as display device, use low resolution, high or low refresh rate, monochromatic liquid crystal as spatial light modulator.
It should be noted that in addition,
fig. 3a,
fig. 3b is that the spatial light modulator being transmission-variable for optical system employing convex lens, spatial light modulator is described, it will be appreciated that, other optical elements or assembly and spatial light modulator are adopted to adopt the situation of reflective structure to be equally applicable to preferred version of the present invention for optical system, as long as spatial light modulator to be placed in the aperture diaphragm place of optical system, all belong to content of the present invention.
Head mounted display of the present invention, in imaging process, also needs the problem of the similarity being considered to picture, the three-dimensional imaging namely needing to allow head mounted display of the present invention present as far as possible with need the expection three-dimensional virtual image of presenting to user close.
For this reason, present invention also offers another kind of head mounted display.
fig. 4it is the schematic structure frame of another kind of head mounted display of the present invention
figure, wherein same section is above
fig. 1part elaborates, repeats no more herein.
With
fig. 1the difference of shown head mounted display is, the head mounted display 1 of the embodiment of the present invention also comprises processor 4, processor 4 for according to the optical characteristics of optical system with expect the expection three-dimensional virtual image of presenting to user, obtains the first image and transmissivity distribution or reflectivity distribution.
Namely in the embodiment of the present invention, processor 4 is used for determining that transmissivity display device 2 needing the first image and the spatial light modulator 3 shown distributes or reflectivity distribution, and the virtual three dimensional image presented to make head mounted display 1 of the present invention is as far as possible close to expecting the expection three-dimensional virtual image of presenting to user.
The above-mentioned functions of processor 4 can be realized by optimized algorithm, namely determine that the first image and transmissivity distribute or reflectivity distribution by optimized algorithm, the expection picture point intensity data of expection picture point corresponding in the picture point intensity data of all picture points of three-dimensional virtual image and expection three-dimensional virtual image is mated on the whole.
Wherein coupling says on the whole, as long as make all picture points shown by the present invention on the whole close to the picture point of expection three-dimensional virtual image, for wherein some picture point, even if it is also acceptable that its picture point intensity data and corresponding expection picture point intensity data differ comparatively greatly.
Above mentioned picture point intensity data equals the light intensity data sum of all emergent lights from optical system exit forming this picture point.
Specifically, for transmissive spatial photomodulator, the light intensity data of often restrainting emergent light equal the product of the transmissivity of the light intensity of the display pixel sent in the display device of this emergent light and the adjustment pixel of this emergent light of transmission.For reflective spatial light modulator, the light intensity data of often restrainting emergent light equal the light intensity of the display pixel sent in the display device of this emergent light and the product of the reflectivity of the adjustment pixel of this emergent light of reflection.
Just how to optimize the three-dimensional virtual image of head mounted display of the present invention display below, make it be described in further details close to expection three-dimensional virtual image as far as possible.
fig. 5it is the method flow signal determining the first image and transmissivity distribution or reflectivity distribution in head mounted display of the present invention according to expection three-dimensional virtual image
figure.
The method determines transmissivity distribution or the reflectivity distribution of the first image that display device shows and spatial light modulator according to expection three-dimensional virtual image, mates on the whole to make the expection picture point intensity data of expection picture point corresponding in the picture point intensity data of all picture points of three-dimensional virtual image formed by head mounted display and expection three-dimensional virtual image.
In step S10, initial first image and initial transmission distribution or initial reflectance are set and distribute.
Initial first image can be arranged by the light intensity of multiple display pixels of adjusting display device, can arrange a width display image at random as initial first image in this step.
Correspondingly, for transmissive spatial photomodulator or reflective spatial light modulator, by transmissivity everywhere thereon or reflectivity adjustable, therefore the distribution of its initial transmission or initial reflectance distribution also can be arranged at random.
In step S20, pass through iteration optimization algorithms, obtain optimization first image and optimize transmissivity distribution or optimize reflectivity distribution, the expection picture point intensity data of expection picture point corresponding in the picture point intensity data of all picture points of the three-dimensional virtual image presented and expection three-dimensional virtual image is mated by head mounted display on the whole.
Namely the first image of initial setting up and transmissivity distribution or reflectivity distribution is changed by iteration optimization algorithms, to make three-dimensional virtual image shown by head mounted display as far as possible close to expection three-dimensional virtual image.Wherein, iteration optimization algorithms can be realized by computing machine by existing optimum theory and algorithm.
fig. 6be
fig. 5in iteration optimization algorithms iterative process each time flow process signal
figure.
In step S210, distribute or reflectivity distribution according to the first set image and transmissivity, calculate the picture point intensity data of each picture point.
Picture point intensity data equals the light intensity of all display pixels forming this picture point and the transmissivity of adjustment pixel corresponding with it or the sum of products of reflectivity.Therefore, first can determine to participate in the display pixel of this picture point of formation and corresponding adjustment pixel, namely determine that participation forms the corresponding relation between the display pixel of this picture point and adjustment pixel, and then calculate picture point intensity data.
After optical system determines, its optics is specific known, therefore can determine the adjustment pixel of display pixel and the correspondence participating in forming this picture point according to the optical characteristics of the optical system of actual disposition, certainly can also be determined by modes such as existing optical path-tracing technology or software simulations.
Just determine display pixel by optical characteristics and regulate the example of the corresponding relation between pixel as follows.
as Fig. 2head mounted display shown in B, wherein, optical system comprises thin convex lens, and thin convex lens is between display device B and spatial light modulator A, and snug space photomodulator A is arranged.
Now determined by the optical characteristics of convex lens that the method for the corresponding relation of display pixel and the adjustment pixel participating in forming this picture point is as follows.
According to convex lens formula, calculate the position of object point P ' (real image point) corresponding to picture point P (virtual image point), because convex lens are thin convex lens, therefore the adjustment pixel three point on a straight line thought and participate in being formed the display pixel of picture point P, real image point P ' and correspondence can be similar to, just can determine according to the position of three point on a straight line, distance between display device B and spatial light modulator A and object point P ' display pixel that participates in forming this picture point and regulate the corresponding relation between pixel, concrete computation process repeats no more.
There is various aberration as aberration, distortion, spherical aberration etc. in the optical system due to reality, therefore when determining according to the optical characteristics of optical system, in order to ensure the accuracy of result, need the impact considering that system aberration brings, now, can measuring system aberration in advance, then the aberration of optical system is included in optical characteristics as new optical characteristics to determine display pixel and to regulate the relation of pixel.
In addition, consider that user's human eye also has certain aberration, seem truer to make user, the human eye aberration of user can also be measured in advance, then determine the described relation participating in being formed the display pixel of this picture point and the adjustment pixel of correspondence according to the optical characteristics of optical system and the human eye aberration of user.
In step S220, calculating target function value, target function value represents the overall difference between the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point intensity data of the expection picture point corresponding with it.
Represent that overall difference can have multiform expression by target function value.Such as, target function value can be the absolute value sum of the difference of the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point intensity data of the expection picture point corresponding with it, or square sum of the difference of the expection picture point intensity data of the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point corresponding with it, can also be the mould square sum of the difference of the gradient of the gradient of the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point intensity data of the expection picture point corresponding with it, can also be linear combination of above-mentioned three kinds of method for expressing etc.
In step S230, to make target function value be reduced to target, optimal design-aside first image and transmissivity distribute or reflectivity distribution.
An objective function threshold value can be pre-set, each iteration is complete, and the objective function this iteration obtained and objective function threshold value compare, if the objective function that this iteration obtains is less than objective function threshold value, illustrate and reach expectation optimal value, can iteration optimization algorithms be stopped.
In each iterative process, consider and need objective function is of practical significance, therefore can set up the boundary condition of following iteration:
The light intensity of each display pixel of the first image, the transmissivity of each adjustment pixel or reflectivity are more than or equal to 0.
If iteration repeatedly after still cannot reach optimization object, now continue iteration and likely increase the load of server, lose more than gain, therefore can also pre-set iterations, when iteration exceedes default iterations, stop iteration optimization algorithms.
Above with reference to
fig. 5,
fig. 6describe the optimization method of the 3-D view that head mounted display according to the present invention shows in detail, below with reference to
fig. 7extremely
fig. 1the optimization device of the 3-D view that 1 description head mounted display according to the present invention shows.
A lot of functions of device described below respectively with above with reference to
fig. 5,
fig. 6the function of the step described is identical.In order to avoid repeating, emphasis describes the structure that this device can have here, and for some details, can with reference to corresponding description above.
fig. 7it is the structural representation of the device determining the first image and transmissivity distribution or reflectivity distribution in head mounted display of the present invention according to expection three-dimensional virtual image
figure.
Can determine that display device first image and transmissivity distribute or reflectivity distribution by the device of the embodiment of the present invention, mate on the whole to make the expection picture point intensity data of expection picture point corresponding in the picture point intensity data of all picture points of three-dimensional virtual image formed by head mounted display and expection three-dimensional virtual image.
as Fig. 7shown in, optimization device 30 comprises initial setting up unit 40 and iterative optimization unit 50.
Initial setting up unit 40 distributes for arranging initial first image and initial transmission distribution or initial reflectance.
Iterative optimization unit 50 is for passing through iteration optimization algorithms, obtain optimization first image and optimize transmissivity distribution or reflectivity distribution, the expection picture point intensity data of expection picture point corresponding in the picture point intensity data of all picture points of the three-dimensional virtual image presented and expection three-dimensional virtual image is mated by head mounted display on the whole.
Wherein, initial first image can be see with the setting of initial transmission distribution or initial reflectance distribution
fig. 5associated description in middle step S10.
fig. 8be
fig. 7a kind of structural representation of middle iterative optimization unit 50
figure.
as Fig. 8shown in, iterative optimization unit 50 comprises picture point Strength co-mputation unit 510, target function value computing unit 520 and optimal design-aside unit 530.
Picture point Strength co-mputation unit 510, for according to the first set image and transmissivity distribution, calculates the picture point intensity data of each picture point.
Target function value computing unit 520 is for calculating target function value, and described target function value represents the overall difference between the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point intensity data of the expection picture point corresponding with it.
Optimal design-aside unit 530 for make described target function value be reduced to target, the first image described in optimal design-aside and transmissivity distribution or reflectivity distribution.
fig. 9be
fig. 8the structural representation of middle picture point Strength co-mputation unit 510
figure.
as schemedshow, picture point Strength co-mputation unit 510 comprises multiplication unit 511 and sum unit 520.
Multiplication unit 511 is for calculating each light intensity and the corresponding transmissivity of adjustment pixel or the product of reflectivity that participate in the display pixel forming this picture point.
Sum unit 512, for participating in for all the display pixel forming this picture point, calculates the sum of products, as the picture point intensity data of this picture point.
Wherein, can be see about picture point intensity data computing method and target function value method for expressing
fig. 5the associated description of middle step S210, S220.
fig. 10 is
fig. 7the another kind of structural representation of middle iterative optimization unit 50
figure.
With
fig. 8middle iterative optimization unit is compared, and in the present embodiment, iterative optimization unit 50 also comprises corresponding relation determining unit 540.
Corresponding relation determining unit 540, for for each picture point, determines the adjustment pixel of display pixel and the correspondence participating in forming this picture point, wherein,
Sent by display pixel and intersect at picture point through the extended line of the emergent light of the adjustment pixel of correspondence or reverse extending line, or sent by display pixel and intersect at picture point through the extended line of the reflected light of corresponding adjustment pixel reflects or reverse extending line.
Wherein, the relation defining method of the display pixel of picture point and corresponding adjustment pixel can be see
fig. 5the associated description of step S210.
fig. 11 is the structural representation of the corresponding relation determining unit of one embodiment of the invention
figure.
The true unit 540 of corresponding relation of the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to the optical system containing thin convex lens, and wherein thin convex lens is arranged between described display device and described spatial light modulator, and snug space photomodulator.Now corresponding relation determining unit just can determine the display pixel participating in forming a certain picture point and the corresponding relation regulating pixel according to the relevant optical properties of convex lens.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, corresponding relation determining unit 540 comprises real image point position calculation unit 541 and linear relationship computing unit 542.
Real image point position calculation unit 541, for according to convex lens formula, calculates the position of real image point corresponding to picture point.
Linear relationship computing unit 542, for based on the described approximate condition participating in the adjustment pixel three point on a straight line forming the display pixel of this picture point, described real image point and correspondence, determines that above-mentioned participation forms the display pixel of this picture point and corresponding adjustment pixel.
Specifically can see above
fig. 6the associated description of middle S210.
Above reference
accompanying drawingdescribe in detail according to head mounted display of the present invention and image thereof and transmittance/reflectance defining method and device.
In addition, a kind of computer program can also be embodied as according to method of the present invention, this computer program comprises computer-readable medium, stores the computer program for performing the above-mentioned functions limited in method of the present invention on the computer-readable medium.Those skilled in the art will also understand is that, may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software or both combinations in conjunction with various illustrative logical blocks, module, circuit and the algorithm steps described by disclosure herein.
in accompanying drawingflow process
figureand frame
figureshow the architectural framework in the cards of the system and method according to multiple embodiment of the present invention, function and operation.In this, flow process
figureor frame
in figureeach square frame can generation
table onea part for individual module, program segment or code, a part for described module, program segment or code comprises one or more executable instruction for realizing the logic function specified.Also it should be noted that the function marked in square frame also can be different from some as in the realization of replacing
in accompanying drawingwhat marked occurs in sequence.Such as, in fact two continuous print square frames can perform substantially concurrently, and they also can perform by contrary order sometimes, and this determines according to involved function.Also it should be noted that frame
figureand/or flow process
in figureeach square frame and frame
figureand/or flow process
in figurethe combination of square frame, can realize by the special hardware based system of the function put rules into practice or operation, or can realize with the combination of specialized hardware and computer instruction.
Be described above various embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned explanation is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and be also not limited to disclosed each embodiment.When not departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, many modifications and changes are all apparent for those skilled in the art.The selection of term used herein, is intended to explain best the principle of each embodiment, practical application or the improvement to the technology in market, or makes other those of ordinary skill of the art can understand each embodiment disclosed herein.
Claims (23)
1. a head mounted display, comprising:
Display device, this display device comprises multiple display pixel, and the light intensity of each described display pixel can be conditioned, thus shows the first image on said display means;
Optical system, the light that described display device sends is through described optical system exit, to enter human eye, described optical system comprises spatial light modulator, this spatial light modulator comprises multiple adjustment pixel, transmissivity or the reflectivity of each described adjustment pixel can be conditioned, thus in described spatial light modulator, form predetermined transmissivity distribution or reflectivity distribution;
Described first image and the distribution of described transmissivity or reflectivity distribution are set to intersect at one or more picture point from the extended line of the emergent light of described optical system exit or reverse extending line, and described one or more picture point forms three-dimensional virtual image.
2. head mounted display according to claim 1, wherein in described optical system, described spatial light modulator is in the aperture diaphragm place of described optical system.
3. head mounted display according to claim 1, wherein said optical system also comprises:
Light is had to optical element or the optical module of refraction or reflex, it is arranged in the light path of described optical system.
4. the head mounted display according to right 3, wherein, described have refraction or the optical element of reflex or optical module to light and have convergence to light or disperse function.
5. head mounted display according to claim 4, wherein, described spatial light modulator is close to by described optical element or optical module.
6., according to the head mounted display in claim 1 to 5 described in any one, also comprise:
Processor, for according to the optical characteristics of described optical system with expect the expection three-dimensional virtual image of presenting to user, obtains described first image and the distribution of described transmissivity or described reflectivity distribution.
7. head mounted display according to claim 6, wherein,
For often restrainting emergent light, using the product of the transmissivity of the adjustment pixel of the light intensity and this emergent light of transmission that send the display pixel of this emergent light as its light intensity data, or using the product of reflectivity of the light intensity of the display pixel sending this emergent light and the adjustment pixel of this emergent light of reflection as its light intensity data;
For each described picture point, using the light intensity data sum of all described emergent light corresponding to it as its picture point intensity data,
Described processor obtains described first image by optimized algorithm and described transmissivity distributes or described reflectivity distribution,
The target of described optimized algorithm is that the expection picture point intensity data of expection picture point corresponding in the picture point intensity data of all picture points of described three-dimensional virtual image and expection three-dimensional virtual image is mated on the whole.
8. determine described first image of head mounted display according to claim 1 and a method for the distribution of described transmissivity or reflectivity distribution according to expection three-dimensional virtual image, comprising:
Arrange initial first image and initial transmission distribution or initial reflectance to distribute;
Pass through iteration optimization algorithms, obtain optimization first image and optimize transmissivity distribution or optimize reflectivity distribution, the expection picture point intensity data of expection picture point corresponding in the picture point intensity data of all picture points of the described three-dimensional virtual image presented and described expection three-dimensional virtual image is mated by described head mounted display on the whole.
9. method according to claim 8, wherein, the iterative process each time of described iteration optimization algorithms comprises:
Distribute or reflectivity distribution according to the first set image and transmissivity, calculate the picture point intensity data of each picture point;
Calculating target function value, described target function value represents the overall difference between the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point intensity data of the expection picture point corresponding with it;
To make described target function value be reduced to target, the first image described in optimal design-aside and transmissivity distribute or reflectivity distribution.
10. method according to claim 9, described iteration optimization algorithms need meet with downstream condition:
The light intensity of each display pixel of described first image is more than or equal to 0; And
Described transmissivity distribution is more than or equal to 0 to the transmissivity of each adjustment pixel, or the reflectivity of described reflectivity distribution to each adjustment pixel is more than or equal to 0.
11. methods according to claim 9, also comprise:
For each picture point, determine the adjustment pixel of display pixel and the correspondence participating in forming this picture point, wherein,
Sent by described display pixel and intersect at described picture point through the extended line of the emergent light of the adjustment pixel of described correspondence or reverse extending line; Or
Sent by described display pixel and intersect at described picture point through the extended line of the reflected light of the adjustment pixel reflects of described correspondence or reverse extending line.
According to the optical characteristics of described optical system, 12. methods according to claim 11, wherein, determine that described participation forms the display pixel of this picture point and corresponding adjustment pixel.
According to the optical characteristics of described optical system and the aberration of eyes of user, 13. methods according to claim 11, wherein, determine that described participation forms the display pixel of this picture point and corresponding adjustment pixel.
14. methods according to claim 12, wherein, described optical characteristics comprises the aberration of described optical system.
15. methods according to claim 12, wherein,
Described optical system also comprises thin convex lens, and described thin convex lens is arranged between described display device and described spatial light modulator, and is close to described spatial light modulator,
Described each picture point is determined that the step of display pixel and the corresponding adjustment pixel participating in forming this picture point comprises:
According to convex lens formula, calculate the position of real image point corresponding to described picture point;
Based on the described approximate condition participating in the adjustment pixel three point on a straight line forming the display pixel of this picture point, described real image point and described correspondence, determine described the participations formation display pixel of this picture point and the adjustment pixel of described correspondence.
16. according to claim 11 to the method in 15 described in any one, and wherein, the step of the picture point intensity data of each picture point of described calculating comprises:
Calculate each described light intensity and the described corresponding transmissivity of adjustment pixel or product of reflectivity participating in the display pixel forming this picture point;
Participate in for all the display pixel forming this picture point, calculate the described sum of products, as the picture point intensity data of this picture point.
17. methods according to claim 8, wherein, described target function value is:
First object functional value, i.e. the absolute value sum of the difference of the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point intensity data of the expection picture point corresponding with it; Or
Second target function value, i.e. square sum of the difference of the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point intensity data of the expection picture point corresponding with it; Or
3rd target function value, i.e. the mould square sum of the difference of the gradient of the gradient of the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point intensity data of the expection picture point corresponding with it; Or
The linear combination of described first object functional value, the second target function value, the 3rd target function value.
18. methods according to claim 8, wherein,
Described iteration optimization algorithms stops when iterations exceedes default iterations: or
Described iteration optimization algorithms stops when described target function value is less than goal-selling function threshold.
19. 1 kinds determine described first image of head mounted display according to claim 1 and the device of the distribution of described transmissivity or reflectivity distribution according to expection three-dimensional virtual image, comprising:
Initial setting up unit, distributes for arranging initial first image and initial transmission distribution or initial reflectance;
Iterative optimization unit, for passing through iteration optimization algorithms, obtain optimization first image and optimize transmissivity distribution or optimize reflectivity distribution, the expection picture point intensity data of expection picture point corresponding in the picture point intensity data of all picture points of the described three-dimensional virtual image presented and described expection three-dimensional virtual image is mated by described head mounted display on the whole.
20. devices according to claim 19, wherein, described iterative optimization unit comprises:
Picture point Strength co-mputation unit, for distributing or reflectivity distribution according to the first set image and transmissivity, calculates the picture point intensity data of each picture point;
Target function value computing unit, for calculating target function value, described target function value represents the overall difference between the picture point intensity data of all picture points and the expection picture point intensity data of the expection picture point corresponding with it;
Optimal design-aside unit, for make described target function value be reduced to target, the first image described in optimal design-aside and transmissivity distribution or reflectivity distribution.
21. devices according to claim 20, also comprise:
Corresponding relation determining unit, for for each picture point, determines the adjustment pixel of display pixel and the correspondence participating in forming this picture point, wherein,
Sent by described display pixel and intersect at described picture point through the extended line of the emergent light of the adjustment pixel of described correspondence or reverse extending line, or
Sent by described display pixel and intersect at described picture point through the extended line of the reflected light of the adjustment pixel reflects of described correspondence or reverse extending line.
22. devices according to claim 21, wherein,
Described optical system also comprises thin convex lens, and described thin convex lens is arranged between described display device and described spatial light modulator, and is close to described spatial light modulator,
Described corresponding relation determining unit comprises:
Real image point position calculation unit, for according to convex lens formula, calculates the position of real image point corresponding to described picture point;
Linear relationship computing unit, for based on the described approximate condition participating in the adjustment pixel three point on a straight line forming the display pixel of this picture point, described real image point and described correspondence, determine described the participations formation display pixel of this picture point and the adjustment pixel of described correspondence.
23. according to claim 19 to the device in 22 described in any one, and wherein, described picture point Strength co-mputation unit comprises:
Multiplication unit, for calculating each described light intensity and the described corresponding transmissivity of adjustment pixel or product of reflectivity participating in the display pixel forming this picture point;
Sum unit, for participating in for all the display pixel forming this picture point, calculates the described sum of products, as the picture point intensity data of this picture point.
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