CN103207454A - Optical system for double-field free-form surface prism helmet displayers with expanded edges - Google Patents

Optical system for double-field free-form surface prism helmet displayers with expanded edges Download PDF

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CN103207454A
CN103207454A CN2012103443568A CN201210344356A CN103207454A CN 103207454 A CN103207454 A CN 103207454A CN 2012103443568 A CN2012103443568 A CN 2012103443568A CN 201210344356 A CN201210344356 A CN 201210344356A CN 103207454 A CN103207454 A CN 103207454A
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optical system
curved surface
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CN103207454B (en
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王涌天
王庆丰
程德文
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Beijing NED+AR Display Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Abstract

An optical system comprising a free-form surface prism and a free-form surface lens is designed by utilizing optical free-form surfaces, and an optical system for a helmet displayer is formed by combining with a miniature displayer. The optical helmet displayer for virtual reality is achieved through the free-form surface lens and the miniature displayer, and the optical helmet displayer for enhancing the reality is achieved through the free-form surface lens and the free-form surface prism. During designing, a novel structure with expanded edges is used to enable the actual dimension of an optical element to be larger than the designed dimension; and simultaneously the physiological features of human eyes are combined, different field of view angles on a projection system and a perspective system are adopted, and the field of view angle of the projection system is enabled to be smaller than or equal to the field of view angle of the perspective system, so that using comfortableness of the helmet displayer is increased. Finally, according to engineering requirements, the bottom surfaces of two optical elements are designed on the same plane, a clamping groove is designed simultaneously, and the two optical elements are combined with the clamping groove, so that the high-accuracy requirements of a film coating and gluing process can be met.

Description

Double-view field free curved surface prism helmet display optical system with expansion edge
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of virtual reality (Virtual Reality that is applied to, be called for short VR) and augmented reality (Augmented Reality, abbreviation AR) the novel free curved surface prism formula helmet display optical system in field, adopt the structural design at expansion edge and the method for designing of double vision rink corner, can the raising system process the simplicity of debuging, improve Helmet Mounted Display user's comfort and on-the-spot feeling of immersion.
Background technology
From nineteen sixty-eight Univ Utah USA Ivan professor Sutherlands the concept of Helmet Mounted Display is proposed since, along with machinery, electronics, the development of optical technology, optics Helmet Mounted Display correlation technique has obtained development at full speed.Optical transmittance formula Helmet Mounted Display is as the important component part of virtual reality, augmented reality, have wide practical use different social sectors such as from civilian to military, from the amusement to industry, the field that relates at aspects such as visual medical operating, visual engineering processing, military training, flight simulation, individual combat, three-dimensional amusement and industrial trainings.
In the design of Helmet Mounted Display, a crucial especially technical indicator is lightweight and the portability of system.The compact optical projection type optical system that designs a big visual field, object lens of large relative aperture faces many challenges, and many methods are suggested the requirement that reaches top.Conventional Helmet Mounted Display adopts refraction, reflection, and in conjunction with from methods such as axle and off-centre, realizes the Helmet Mounted Display of particular form.This type of Helmet Mounted Display can be accomplished field angle very big at present, and such as the L-3/Link Helmet Mounted Display that the design Zygo of ORA company produces, field angle can reach 105 degree.General shortcoming of conventional Helmet Mounted Display is that volume ratio is heavy, is applied at present in military and the laboratory more.Except conventional light path, for improving portability and reduced volume, in particular for the commercial value that reaches towards public recreation, novel optical system is used.
The freeform optics surface prism is a kind of very promising portable helmet display novel optical system structure.Since nineteen ninety-five Morishima proposed the design concept of free curved surface prism first, the researchist had carried out numerous design studies to the Helmet Mounted Display that adopts free curved surface prism.Free curved surface prism folds optical axis, and utilize free form surface to reduce because the big aberration that light path is brought from axle, especially free curved surface prism adopts discrete component to realize the optical quality that traditional multi-disc lens could be realized, have very compact structure and good optical quality, use not too many restriction at incident angle and wavelength, be easier to realize for the colour ratio.In sum, free curved surface prism is having than remarkable advantages aspect lightweight, miniaturization and the full color of Helmet Mounted Display.
Olympus, Emagin, Daeyang etc. have the product of corresponding free curved surface prism in the world.Hoshi in 1996 etc. design a field angle 34 degree, the free curved surface prism of thickness 15mm; Yamazaki in 1999 have designed the free curved surface prism of one 51 ° * 37 ° of field angle.The free curved surface prism field angle of Cheng design can reach 60 ° of diagonal line, emergent pupil distance 20, pupil diameter 8mm, and only adopts the monolithic free curved surface prism.Cheng proposed the angular field free curved surface prism method for designing based on splicing thought in 2010, had solved the one chip free curved surface prism and had enlarged the difficulty that runs on the problem of visual field.Proposed the spliced free curved surface prism method for designing of many focal planes in 2012, more the real scene of real simulated eye-observation provides comfortable real virtual or enhanced scene.
The subject matter of restricting current free form surface optics is the problem on processing, detection and the manufacturing process, along with the progress of face type expression method and the progress of aspects such as adamas cutting and injection mo(u)lding processing technology, make the high precision of free curved surface prism be processed into possibility, wherein utilize Shooting Technique to make free curved surface prism, batch process can reduce cost greatly, has very high cost performance.
Free form surface optics can better be controlled aberration and obtain better picture element owing to increased the more freedom degree when carrying out optical design, simultaneously can the weight reduction reduced volume.The visual optical system of free form surface Helmet Mounted Display can accomplish very for a short time aspect weight, the volume, reach the requirement that the eyes formula helmet shows.
In the design of free curved surface prism, because the complicacy of human eye itself and individuality have determined its design difficulty.Comparatively the restrictive condition of difficulty has at present: binocular interocular distance, exit pupil diameter, emergent pupil distance.The people of different populations, different sexes, all ages and classes has different binocular interocular distances, how to make design result satisfy different demands, is a very challenging technical barrier; Big as far as possible exit pupil diameter and transformable binocular interocular distance can satisfy the request for utilization of different crowd.
Because human eye is as receiving system in the helmet-mounted display system, so when carrying out the free curved surface prism design, just must consider the physiological property of human eye.Overriding concern be the visual field observed of the eyes that determine with respect to the full visual field of head position with by physiological make-up, comprising 12 the highest degree field angle of resolution of eye, in this scope, only need to rotate eyeball and need not to twist head.The biomechanics result of study points out that when eyeball was motionless, the range of vision of recognizing symbol was that 5 degree are to 30 degree; The eyesight of reading be 5 degree to 10 degree, a moment range of vision be 3 degree to 18 degree, a moment, eyesight referred to correctly to be familiar with when the object oblatio time is 0.2 second the eyesight that shows object with interpretation.
Human eye physiological characteristic based on above-mentioned has adopted brand-new design idea to free curved surface prism.Optical transmittance formula Helmet Mounted Display in use, eyes were to be in the state of staring and to eye to the front when the user observed projected image, the true environment around observing is then to be that the rotation of be rotatably assorted head or body by eyeball realizes.This situation shows, carries out not needing to adopt the field angle identical with transmissive system for projection optical system in the consideration of free curved surface prism design in system, need only satisfy 20 degree and get final product to 32 degree field angle; To the perspective optical system, consider that eyeball rotates, can adopt bigger field angle, increase the comfortableness of human eye when observing external environment.
Summary of the invention
Content of the present invention is the physiological characteristic in conjunction with human eye, considers the technical requirement in the engineering, the free curved surface prism formula Helmet Mounted Display optical system structure of a kind of novelty of proposition.This structure is made up of free curved surface prism, free-form surface lens and micro-display.Wherein free curved surface prism and micro-display are formed projection optical system, can be applied in the virtual reality technology; Free curved surface prism and free-form surface lens are formed the perspective optical system, can be applied in the augmented reality technology.
Free curved surface prism is made up of three free form surfaces, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the given free curved surface prism helmet display optical system of the present invention is described in detail explanation to the light path of the inner passage of miniscope (Image) imaging and the external channel of observing the external world.
Helmet optical system of the present invention is if be used for virtual reality, then only need free curved surface prism to get final product, actual light path is that liquid crystal micro display device (Image) emits beam, earlier through optical surface S3 transmission freedom of entry curved surface prism, at surperficial S1 total reflection takes place then, through surperficial S2 reflection, be transmitted through the entrance pupil place through surperficial S1 again at last.But because the present invention adopts the reverse optical path design, therefore light path is oppositely described, light is from entrance pupil, by free curved surface prism optical surface S1 transmission, via optical surface S2 reflection, reflexing on the optical surface S1, and on this surface total reflection is taking place, finally by transmitted and finally arrived miniscope 5 by optical surface S3, this light path is the light path for virtual reality.Each element is pressed direction label from left to right in the accompanying drawing 1.
If be used for augmented reality, then need free curved surface prism and free-form surface lens, actual light path is as shown in Figure 2.One road light beam is sent by miniscope (Image), and the optical surface S3 transmission through free curved surface prism is totally reflected on the recessed reflecting surface S2 at optical surface S1, sees through optical surface S1 and enter observer's pupil after reflecting surface S2 reflection, be i.e. the entrance pupil place; One road light beam is provided by external environment condition, surperficial S4 incident from optical lens, optical surface S2 adopts half-reflection and half-transmission formula structure, part light meeting direct loss when light incides optical surface 3, optical energy loss 1/2, inner passage part light enters observer's pupil through optical surface S2 and S1 transmission.
(1) double-view field in conjunction with the human eye physiological characteristic designs
Because human eye is as receiving system in the helmet-mounted display system, so when carrying out the free curved surface prism design, just must consider the physiological property of human eye.Overriding concern be the visual field observed of the eyes that determine with respect to the full visual field of head position with by physiological make-up, comprising 12 the highest degree field angle of resolution of eye, in this scope, only need to rotate eyeball and need not to twist head.The biomechanics result of study points out that when eyeball was motionless, the range of vision of recognizing symbol was that 5 degree are to 30 degree; The eyesight of reading be 5 degree to 10 degree, a moment range of vision be 3 degree to 18 degree, a moment, eyesight referred to correctly to be familiar with when the object oblatio time is 0.2 second the eyesight that shows object with interpretation.
Human eye physiological characteristic based on above-mentioned has adopted brand-new design idea to free curved surface prism.Optical transmittance formula Helmet Mounted Display in use, eyes were to be in the state of staring and to eye to the front when the user observed projected image, the true environment around observing is then to be that the rotation of be rotatably assorted head or body by eyeball realizes.This situation shows, carries out not needing to adopt the field angle identical with transmissive system for projection optical system in the consideration of free curved surface prism design in system, need only satisfy 20 degree and get final product to 32 degree field angle; To the perspective optical system, consider that eyeball rotates, can adopt bigger field angle, increase the comfortableness of human eye when observing external environment.
(2) the expansion edge designs of consideration engineering demand
Mould design is a key link of injection moulding processing, also is a link that is related to technologies such as the follow-up gummed of optical element, plated film.Suitable mould design can bring convenience in the image quality that guarantees optical element follow-up optical processing.Another important link is to reduce stress to the inhomogeneity influence of injection moulding rapidoprint as far as possible in the injection moulding processing.For reaching this purpose, reduce the existence of stress on the one hand as much as possible, adopting reasonable structural design on the other hand also is an important and feasible method with stress transfer to the zone that optical element does not use or seldom uses.
In carrying out the free form surface Mould design, for solving above-mentioned two problems, measures necessary and method for designing have been taked.For guaranteeing in the process of injection moulding, can guarantee the material property consistance of human eye general area, when carrying out the mould design, optical projection system has been carried out the edge and expanded design.By such design stress is placed on as much as possible in the marginal portion of expansion, makes light path part commonly used can reach the consistance of optical material, phenomenon such as the material that causes of eliminating stress is inhomogeneous.Make things convenient for human eye observation to external world simultaneously, increase and observe comfort level.
In the marginal portion of expansion, the slot that has used when having designed the gummed operation guarantees that the contraposition of two eyeglasses in the gummed process is correct; Installation handle when having designed assembling simultaneously.
Mould and slot, installation handle etc. are as shown in Figure 3.
(3) control of local curvature
After adopting the design at expansion edge, the optical surface at expansion edge must be controlled.Because the face deformationization of free form surface is very fast, what the very little difference of position was brought may be the special obvious variation of rise.In the free form surface Helmet Mounted Display, free form surface in the optics visual field is owing to there is the control of sampling visual field, the face deformationization of free form surface generally all is continuous, but the optical surface of expanding the marginal portion does not then have corresponding controlled condition, is easy to cause the acute variation on surface.
On the other hand, optical surface must be the change shape of continuously smooth in the optical surface at expansion edge and the optics visual field.Otherwise when the user wears Helmet Mounted Display and carries out the observation of external environment condition, can especially significantly feel the discontinuous variation of scenery to cause all uncomfortable feeling to produce.
At last, the continuous variation on whole surface can increase the attractive in appearance of optical system, and popular esthetic requirement to Helmet Mounted Display is met.
In sum, in the process of free curved surface prism design optimization, also the face type controlled condition of extended surface will be joined in the controlled condition, the inside and outside optical surface in visual field that guarantees free curved surface prism is level and smooth continuous variation.
The face shape control at expansion edge can be adopted two kinds of methods, and a kind of is the graded of control partial face shape, and another kind is the local curvature of control partial face shape.
Local curvature in the calculating as shown in Figure 4.
Description of drawings
The projection optical system light channel structure figure that is used for the Helmet Mounted Display of VR in accompanying drawing 1 invention.
The perspective optical system optical structure chart that is used for the Helmet Mounted Display of AR in accompanying drawing 2 inventions.
The project organization figure at the expansion edge in accompanying drawing 3 inventions.
Accompanying drawing 4 local curvature's calculating charts.
The light channel structure figure of the optical system of accompanying drawing 5 design examples.
The MTF curve of optical system in the given examples of implementation of accompanying drawing 6 invention, visual field, center transfer function values at the 30lp/mm place greater than 0.3, the edge
The visual field at the 30lp/mm place greater than 0.1.
The distortion figure of optical system in the given examples of implementation of accompanying drawing 7 inventions.
The free curved surface prism that accompanying drawing 8 processes and free-form surface lens.
The image of accompanying drawing 9 embodiment systems processing prototype.
System example is described
The method for designing that proposes according to this patent, designed a optical system for Helmet Mounted Display, light channel structure as shown in Figure 5, wherein the optical projection system field angle is 36 °, the fluoroscopy system field angle is 50 °. accompanying drawing 6 provides the mtf value of system, MTF the major part in optical projection system ground guarantees all that more than 0.2 fluoroscopy system ground MTF is more than 0.4.The distortion of optical system ground has obtained proofreading and correct preferably, as shown in Figure 7.The design of employing border extended by the control of local curvature, has guaranteed that the surface is for changing continuously in expansion surface and the visual field.Utilize the injection moulding method for processing to produce cover freeform optics surface prism and freeform optics surface lens at last, as shown in Figure 8.Accompanying drawing 9 provides imaging and realizes the result, experimental results show that designed optical system picture element is good.
Table 1 is the tables of data of example virtual reality part helmet display optical system of the present invention, the exit pupil diameter of this example is 8mm, distance of exit pupil〉18mm, focal length 15mm, full field angle is 36 °, 0.61 inch of image planes size, table 2 is the tables of data of example augmented reality part transmission-type helmet display optical system of the present invention, 50 ° of full field angle, its inner passage image shows that light path is consistent with example 1, its external channel scene visual field is consistent with the visual field, inner passage, the free curved surface prism that additionally superposeed, and optical surface 3 adopts the half-reflection and half-transmission structure.
Table 1 projection optical system tables of data
Figure BDA00002144997900051
Figure BDA00002144997900061
Table 2 perspective optical system data table
Figure BDA00002144997900081
More than show and described ultimate principle of the present invention and main feature and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of above-mentioned embodiment; that describes in above-mentioned embodiment and the instructions just illustrates principle of the present invention; under the premise without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications; these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention, and the claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.

Claims (8)

1. free curved surface prism formula Helmet Mounted Display optical system, it is characterized in that its structure is made up of free curved surface prism, free-form surface lens and micro-display, miniscope and free curved surface prism are formed the virtual reality projection optical system, and free curved surface prism and free-form surface lens are formed augmented reality with having an X-rayed optical system.
2. Helmet Mounted Display optical system as claimed in claim 1 it is characterized in that optical projection system and fluoroscopy system adopt different field angle designs separately, and the field angle of projection optical system is less than or equal to the field angle of having an X-rayed optical system.
3. Helmet Mounted Display optical system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the physical size of free curved surface prism and free-form surface lens is greater than effective perform region.
4. Helmet Mounted Display optical system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the lower surface of free curved surface prism and free-form surface lens is in same plane.
5. free curved surface prism as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that being made up of three free form surfaces, and surface 1 is for having negative power convex transmission plane, surface 2 is for having negative power concave shape reflecting surface,, surface 3 is the concave shape transmission plane with negative power.
6. free curved surface prism as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that surface 2 can the plating total reflection film layer, is used for virtual reality, also can plate transflective film, is used for augmented reality.
7. the surface 1 of free curved surface prism as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that the radius-of-curvature of its sphere/circular conical surface substrate satisfies in the curvature (the radius of curvature R y of sagitta of arc direction Rx and meridian direction) of meridian direction and sagitta of arc direction | Rx/Ry|<0.8.
8. all optical surfaces of free curved surface prism as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that local radius of curvature satisfies condition in the curvature (the local radius of curvature LRx of sagitta of arc direction and the local radius of curvature LRy of meridian direction) of meridian direction and sagitta of arc direction | LRx/LRy|<18.
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WO2018103551A1 (en) * 2016-12-08 2018-06-14 北京耐德佳显示技术有限公司 Free-form-surface prism group and near-eye display device using same
CN110376738A (en) * 2019-06-13 2019-10-25 浙江大学 A kind of light-duty free form surface waveguide type visual optical imaging device of big visual field and its near-eye display system

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CN107884934A (en) * 2017-11-10 2018-04-06 联想(北京)有限公司 Head-mounted display apparatus and its control method
CN108051921A (en) * 2018-01-16 2018-05-18 塔普翊海(上海)智能科技有限公司 A kind of display device of field stitching
CN110376738A (en) * 2019-06-13 2019-10-25 浙江大学 A kind of light-duty free form surface waveguide type visual optical imaging device of big visual field and its near-eye display system

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